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Makker J, Wotherspoon A, Tzioni MM, Chen Z, Guo S, Jiang D, Casa C, Cucco F, Du MQ. Relapses in early-stage follicular lymphoma frequently develop via a divergent evolution from their clonally related precursor cells. J Pathol 2024; 262:289-295. [PMID: 38156368 DOI: 10.1002/path.6235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) develops through a stepwise acquisition of cooperative genetic changes with t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH::BCL2 occurring early at the pre-B stage of B-cell development. Patients with FL typically show an indolent clinical course, remitting and relapsing with the eventual development of resistance to treatments. Interestingly, the majority of transformed FL do not progress directly from FL but originate from their clonally related lymphoma precursor (CLP) cells. To examine whether such divergent tumour evolution also underpins the relapses in patients with early-stage FL, we investigated by targeted next-generation sequencing 13 cases (stage I = 9, stage II = 4), who showed complete remission (mean: 5 years; range: 1-11.5 years) following local radiotherapy but subsequently relapsed (≥2 in 5). A clonal relationship between the diagnostic FL and relapses was confirmed in 11 cases. In six cases, common and distinct variants were seen between the paired diagnostic and relapsed lymphomas, indicating their divergent evolution from a CLP. In two cases, different B-cell clones were involved in the diagnostic and relapsed lymphomas, including one case involving two different BCL2 translocations. In the remaining five cases, the relapsed lymphoma developed via a linear progression (n = 4) or a mixed evolutionary path (n = 1). These findings may bear important implications in the routine diagnosis and management of relapsed FL. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Makker
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Maria-Myrsini Tzioni
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zi Chen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Guo
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Jiang
- East Genomic Laboratory Hub, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Calogero Casa
- East Genomic Laboratory Hub, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Cucco
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Zhang C, Stelloo E, Barrans S, Cucco F, Jiang D, Tzioni MM, Chen Z, Li Y, Swennenhuis JF, Makker J, Rásó-Barnett L, Liu H, El-Daly H, Soilleux E, Shah N, Nagumantry SK, Kyaw M, Prahladan MP, Tooze R, Westhead DR, Feitsma H, Davies AJ, Burton C, Johnson PWM, Du MQ. Non-IG::MYC in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma confers variable genomic configurations and MYC transactivation potential. Leukemia 2024; 38:621-629. [PMID: 38184753 PMCID: PMC10912016 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
MYC translocation occurs in 8-14% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and may concur with BCL2 and/or BCL6 translocation, known as double-hit (DH) or triple-hit (TH). DLBCL-MYC/BCL2-DH/TH are largely germinal centre B-cell like subtype, but show variable clinical outcome, with IG::MYC fusion significantly associated with inferior survival. While DLBCL-MYC/BCL6-DH are variable in their cell-of-origin subtypes and clinical outcome. Intriguingly, only 40-50% of DLBCL with MYC translocation show high MYC protein expression (>70%). We studied 186 DLBCLs with MYC translocation including 32 MYC/BCL2/BCL6-TH, 75 MYC/BCL2-DH and 26 MYC/BCL6-DH. FISH revealed a MYC/BCL6 fusion in 59% of DLBCL-MYC/BCL2/BCL6-TH and 27% of DLBCL-MYC/BCL6-DH. Targeted NGS showed a similar mutation profile and LymphGen genetic subtype between DLBCL-MYC/BCL2/BCL6-TH and DLBCL-MYC/BCL2-DH, but variable LymphGen subtypes among DLBCL-MYC/BCL6-DH. MYC protein expression is uniformly high in DLBCL with IG::MYC, but variable in those with non-IG::MYC including MYC/BCL6-fusion. Translocation breakpoint analyses of 8 cases by TLC-based NGS showed no obvious genomic configuration that enables MYC transactivation in 3 of the 4 cases with non-IG::MYC, while a typical promoter substitution or IGH super enhancer juxtaposition in the remaining cases. The findings potentially explain variable MYC expression in DLBCL with MYC translocation, and also bear practical implications in its routine assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | | | - Sharon Barrans
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Francesco Cucco
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dan Jiang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- East Genomic Laboratory Hub, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria-Myrsini Tzioni
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zi Chen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | | | - Jasmine Makker
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lívia Rásó-Barnett
- The Haematopathology and Oncology Diagnostic Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- East Genomic Laboratory Hub, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hesham El-Daly
- Cellular Pathology Department, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Elizabeth Soilleux
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nimish Shah
- Department of Haematology, Norfolk and Norwich University Foundation Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Maw Kyaw
- Department of Haematology, James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Great Yarmouth, UK
| | | | - Reuben Tooze
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David R Westhead
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Andrew J Davies
- Southampton NIHR/Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre and Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Catherine Burton
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- Southampton NIHR/Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre and Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Caliendo G, D'Elia G, Makker J, Passariello L, Albanese L, Molinari AM, Vietri MT. Biological, genetic and epigenetic markers in ulcerative colitis. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:386-395. [PMID: 37813048 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we have summarized the existing knowledge of ulcerative colitis (UC) markers based on current literature, specifically, the roles of potential new biomarkers, such as circulating, fecal, genetic, and epigenetic alterations, in UC onset, disease activity, and in therapy response. UC is a complex multifactorial inflammatory disease. There are many invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods in UC, including several laboratory markers which are employed in diagnosis and disease assessment; however, colonoscopy remains the most widely used method. Common laboratory abnormalities currently used in the clinical practice include inflammation-induced alterations, serum autoantibodies, and antibodies against bacterial antigens. Other new serum and fecal biomarkers are supportive in diagnosis and monitoring disease activity and therapy response; and potential salivary markers are currently being evaluated as well. Several UC-related genetic and epigenetic alterations are implied in its pathogenesis and therapeutic response. Moreover, the use of artificial intelligence in the integration of laboratory biomarkers and big data could potentially be useful in clinical translation and precision medicine in UC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Caliendo
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Elia
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Jasmine Makker
- Department of GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luana Passariello
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Albanese
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Molinari
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Tzioni M, Wotherspoon A, Chen Z, Cucco F, Makker J, Du M. Divergent evolution of metachronous follicular lymphoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue from a common precursor. J Pathol 2023; 261:11-18. [PMID: 37345526 PMCID: PMC10952687 DOI: 10.1002/path.6143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The translocation t(14;18)(q32:q21)/IGH::BCL2 occurs at the pre-B stage of B-cell development in the bone marrow and is insufficient for malignant transformation, although it leads to the formation of in situ follicular B-cell neoplasia (ISFN). Despite that, the translocation is the genetic hallmark of follicular lymphoma (FL), it occurs infrequently in metachronous/synchronous lymphomas, including extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (EMZL), mantle cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. In each of these scenarios, the two lymphomas often appear to be clonally related by analyses of IGH::BCL2 and/or rearranged IG genes. However, it remains largely unknown whether one lymphoma originates from the other or they develop independently. We studied five cases of metachronous EMZL and FL. In four cases, the two lymphomas were clonally related, as shown by identical IGH::BCL2 and/or rearranged IG genes or shared mutations. There were common and unique mutations between the paired EMZL and FL, indicating that they developed independently from a common premalignant cell population, harbouring IGH::BCL2 in three cases. Furthermore, case 1 presented with three metachronous FLs, and all of them originated from a common precursor cell population via divergent evolution. Our findings highlight the multi-malignant potential of IGH::BCL2-positive B-cells. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria‐Myrsini Tzioni
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Zi Chen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Francesco Cucco
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jasmine Makker
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Ming‐Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
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D’Elia G, Caliendo G, Passariello L, Albanese L, Makker J, Molinari AM, Vietri MT. Hereditary Cancer Syndrome in a Family with Double Mutation in BRIP1 and MUTYH Genes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:428. [PMID: 36833355 PMCID: PMC9957058 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer syndromes predispose to several types of cancer due to inherited pathogenic variants in susceptibility genes. We describe the case of a 57-year-old woman, diagnosed with breast cancer, and her family. The proband belongs to a family with a suspected tumor syndrome, due to other cancer cases in her family from the paternal and maternal sides. After oncogenetic counseling, she was subjected to mutational analysis with an NGS panel analyzing 27 genes. The genetic analysis showed two monoallelic mutations in low penetrance genes, c.1187G>A (p.G396D) in MUTYH and c.55dup (p.Tyr19Leufs*2) in BRIP1. One of the mutations was inherited from the maternal side and the other from the paternal side, suggesting two different cancer syndrome types in the family. MUTYH mutation was related to the onset of cancers on the paternal side, as confirmed by the occurrence of the same mutation in the proband's cousin. BRIP1 mutation was found in the proband's mother, indicating that it was related to the cancer cases observed on the maternal side, including breast cancer and sarcoma. Advances in NGS technologies have allowed the identification of mutations in families with hereditary cancers in genes other than those related to a specific suspected syndrome. A complete oncogenetic counseling, together with molecular tests that enable a simultaneous analysis of multiple genes, is essential for the identification of a correct tumor syndrome and for clinical decision-making in a patient and his/her family. The detection of mutations in multiple susceptibility genes allows the initiation of early risk-reducing measures for identified mutation carriers among family members and to include them in a proper surveillance program for specific syndromes. Moreover, it may enable an adapted treatment for the affected patient, permitting personalized therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna D’Elia
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gemma Caliendo
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luana Passariello
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Albanese
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Jasmine Makker
- Department of GKT, School of Medical Education, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Anna Maria Molinari
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Makker J, Pardy C, Kelly V, Yardley I. The Community Cost of Maintaining Gastrostomies in Pediatric Patients. JPGN Rep 2023; 4:e278. [PMID: 37181922 PMCID: PMC10174736 DOI: 10.1097/pg9.0000000000000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of gastrostomies in children is increasing and their need for long-term management following insertion presents a potentially significant financial and resource challenge to local healthcare systems. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the yearly cost of maintaining a gastrostomy in a pediatric patient. Methods A retrospective, bottom-up cost-analysis was conducted in a cohort of 180 patients with gastrostomies aged 0-19 years. One in 5 patients were randomly selected for individual cost analysis (n = 36). Their electronic health record was interrogated from the period of March 1, 2019-March 1, 2020. Costs included in the analysis were staff contact time from the community nursing and nutrition teams, and equipment costs. Results The mean cost of maintaining a pediatric gastrostomy across all ages was £709.87 (SD 403.18) per year. Mean annual cost varied by age, underlying diagnosis, and gastrostomy device, but this variation was only statistically significant for the type of device, with Mic-Key buttons having a mean annual cost of £834.66 (SD 307.85), Mini buttons £799.06 (SD 395.01), and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes £279.34 (SD 297.45; P = 0.004). Conclusion The mean cost of maintaining a gastrostomy in a pediatric patient is just over £700 per year. The cost is the highest as a child enters adulthood. Button devices have higher maintenance costs compared with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Makker
- From the GKT School of Medical Education, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Pardy
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Kelly
- Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- The Mary Sheridan Centre, Evelina London Children’s Community Services, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Yardley
- From the GKT School of Medical Education, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Leptidis I, Sivarajah V, Makker J, Mohamed W, Pandey V. Emergency Laparotomy – Discussing Mortality Risk with Patients. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vijayaraghavan R, Makker J, Kumar P, Dey S, Singh TP. Crystal structure of Boc-Trp(CHO)-ΔPhe-Ile-ΔPhe-Leu-OCH3, C48H59N6O10. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2003. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.jg.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Vijayaraghavan
- 1All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Biophysics, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029. India
| | - J. Makker
- 2All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Biophysics, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029. Indiac
| | - P. Kumar
- 1All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Biophysics, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029. India
| | - S. Dey
- 1All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Biophysics, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029. India
| | - T. P. Singh
- 1All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Biophysics, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029. India
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Makker J, Dey S, Kumar P, Singh TP. Crystal structure of Boc-L-Ile-ΔPhe-Ile-OCH3, C27H41N3O6 · H2O. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2003. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.jg.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Vijayaraghavan R, Makker J, Kumar P, Dey S, Singh T. Design of peptides with α,β-dehydro-residues: syntheses, crystal structures and molecular conformations of two ΔPhe-Trp containing peptides. J Mol Struct 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(03)00173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Makker J, Dey S, Mukherjee S, Vijayaraghavan R, Kumar P, Singh T. Design of peptides with α,β-dehydro-residues: synthesis, crystal structure and molecular conformation of a tetrapeptide Z-ΔVal-Val-ΔPhe-Ile-Ome. J Mol Struct 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(03)00200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vijayaraghavan R, Makker J, Kumar P, Dey S, Singh TP. Crystal structure of Boc-Trp(CHO)-ΔPhe-Ile-ΔPhe-Leu-OCH3, C48H59N6O10. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2003. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Makker J, Sahini G, Goel VK, Dey S, Singh TP. Crystal structure of tertiary butyloxycarbonyl-L-Ala-ΔPhe-ΔPhe-L-Ala- OCH3, C30H36N4O7. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2003. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Makker J, Kumar S, Dey S, Singh TP. Crystal structure of Boc-Trp-ΔPhe-OH, C25H26N3O5. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2002. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2002.217.1.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Makker J, Dey S, Kumar P, Singh TP. Crystal structure of Boc-Leu-ΔPhe-Ile-ΔPhe-Ile-OCH3, C42H59N5O8. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2002. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2002.217.jg.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Makker J, Dey S, Mukherjee S, Kumar P, Singh TP. Crystal structure of Boc-Leu-ΔPhe-ΔPhe-Ile-OCH3,C36H48N4O7. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2002. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2002.217.1.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dey S, Goel VK, Makker J, Baxla AP, Guha M, Kumar P, Vijayaraghavan R, Singh TP. Design of a β-turn-II conformation with α,β dehydro residues at ( i+1) position. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302089912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Huntley R, Healy S, Freeman D, Lavender P, de Jager S, Greenwood J, Makker J, Walker E, Jackman M, Xie Q, Bannister AJ, Kouzarides T, Gutiérrez C, Doonan JH, Murray JA. The maize retinoblastoma protein homologue ZmRb-1 is regulated during leaf development and displays conserved interactions with G1/S regulators and plant cyclin D (CycD) proteins. Plant Mol Biol 1998; 37:155-169. [PMID: 9620273 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005902226256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent discoveries of plant retinoblastoma (Rb) protein homologues and D-type cyclins suggest that control of the onset of cell division in plants may have stronger parallels with mammalian G1/S controls than with yeasts. In mammals, the Rb protein interacts specifically with D-type cyclins and regulates cell proliferation by binding and inhibiting E2F transcription factors. However, the developmental role of Rb in plants and its potential interaction with cell cycle regulators is unknown. We show that the maize Rb homologue ZmRb-1 is temporally and spatially regulated during maize leaf development. ZmRb-1 is highly expressed in differentiating cells, but almost undetectable in proliferating cells. In vitro, both ZmRb-1 and human Rb bind all classes of plant D-type cyclins with the involvement of a conserved N-terminal Leu-x-Cys-x-Glu (LxCxE) Rb-interaction motif. This binding is strongly reduced by mutation of the conserved Cys-470 of ZmRb-1. ZmRb-1 binds human and Drosophila E2F, and inhibits transcriptional activation of human E2F. We also show that ZmRb-1 is a good in vitro substrate for all human G1/S protein kinases. The functional conservation of proteins that control the G1/S transition in mammals and plants points to the existence of plant E2F homologues. We conclude that evolution of Rb and cyclin D proteins occurred after separation of the fungi from the higher eukaryotic lineage, but preceded the divergence of plant and animal kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Huntley
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK
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