1
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Gupta B, Rai RP, Pal PB, Rossmiller D, Chaudhary S, Chiaro A, Seaman S, Singhi AD, Liu S, Monga SP, Iyer SS, Raeman R. Selective Targeting of α 4β 7/MAdCAM-1 Axis Suppresses Fibrosis Progression by Reducing Proinflammatory T Cell Recruitment to the Liver. Cells 2024; 13:756. [PMID: 38727292 PMCID: PMC11083209 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrin α4β7+ T cells perpetuate tissue injury in chronic inflammatory diseases, yet their role in hepatic fibrosis progression remains poorly understood. Here, we report increased accumulation of α4β7+ T cells in the liver of people with cirrhosis relative to disease controls. Similarly, hepatic fibrosis in the established mouse model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis was associated with enrichment of intrahepatic α4β7+ CD4 and CD8 T cells. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated blockade of α4β7 or its ligand mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM)-1 attenuated hepatic inflammation and prevented fibrosis progression in CCl4-treated mice. Improvement in liver fibrosis was associated with a significant decrease in the infiltration of α4β7+ CD4 and CD8 T cells, suggesting that α4β7/MAdCAM-1 axis regulates both CD4 and CD8 T cell recruitment to the fibrotic liver, and α4β7+ T cells promote hepatic fibrosis progression. Analysis of hepatic α4β7+ and α4β7- CD4 T cells revealed that α4β7+ CD4 T cells were enriched for markers of activation and proliferation, demonstrating an effector phenotype. The findings suggest that α4β7+ T cells play a critical role in promoting hepatic fibrosis progression, and mAb-mediated blockade of α4β7 or MAdCAM-1 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for slowing hepatic fibrosis progression in chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biki Gupta
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (B.G.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Ravi Prakash Rai
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (B.G.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Pabitra B. Pal
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (B.G.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Daniel Rossmiller
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (B.G.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Sudrishti Chaudhary
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (B.G.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Anna Chiaro
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (B.G.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Shannon Seaman
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (B.G.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Aatur D. Singhi
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (B.G.); (R.P.R.)
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (B.G.); (R.P.R.)
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Smita S. Iyer
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (B.G.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Reben Raeman
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (B.G.); (R.P.R.)
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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2
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Vebr M, Pomahačová R, Sýkora J, Schwarz J. A Narrative Review of Cytokine Networks: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3229. [PMID: 38137450 PMCID: PMC10740682 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong inflammatory immune mediated disorder, encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC); however, the cause and specific pathogenesis of IBD is yet incompletely understood. Multiple cytokines produced by different immune cell types results in complex functional networks that constitute a highly regulated messaging network of signaling pathways. Applying biological mechanisms underlying IBD at the single omic level, technologies and genetic engineering enable the quantification of the pattern of released cytokines and new insights into the cytokine landscape of IBD. We focus on the existing literature dealing with the biology of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and interactions that facilitate cell-based modulation of the immune system for IBD inflammation. We summarize the main roles of substantial cytokines in IBD related to homeostatic tissue functions and the remodeling of cytokine networks in IBD, which may be specifically valuable for successful cytokine-targeted therapies via marketed products. Cytokines and their receptors are validated targets for multiple therapeutic areas, we review the current strategies for therapeutic intervention and developing cytokine-targeted therapies. New biologics have shown efficacy in the last few decades for the management of IBD; unfortunately, many patients are nonresponsive or develop therapy resistance over time, creating a need for novel therapeutics. Thus, the treatment options for IBD beyond the immune-modifying anti-TNF agents or combination therapies are expanding rapidly. Further studies are needed to fully understand the immune response, networks of cytokines, and the direct pathogenetic relevance regarding individually tailored, safe and efficient targeted-biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Vebr
- Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University of Prague, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (J.S.); (J.S.)
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Enriquez J, McDaniel Mims B, Stroever S, dos Santos AP, Jones-Hall Y, Furr KL, Grisham MB. Influence of Housing Temperature and Genetic Diversity on Allogeneic T Cell-Induced Tissue Damage in Mice. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:522-547. [PMID: 37987308 PMCID: PMC10661280 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine how housing temperature and genetic diversity affect the onset and severity of allogeneic T cell-induced tissue damage in mice subjected to reduced intensity conditioning (RIC). We found that adoptive transfer of allogeneic CD4+ T cells from inbred donors into sub-lethally irradiated inbred recipients (I→I) housed at standard housing temperatures (ST; 22-24 °C) induced extensive BM and spleen damage in the absence of injury to any other tissue. Although engraftment of T cells in RIC-treated mice housed at their thermo-neutral temperature (TNT; 30-32 °C) also developed similar BM and spleen damage, their survival was markedly and significantly increased when compared to their ST counterparts. In contrast, the adoptive transfer of allogeneic T cells into RIC-treated outbred CD1 recipients failed to induce disease in any tissue at ST or TNT. The lack of tissue damage was not due to defects in donor T cell trafficking to BM or spleen but was associated with the presence of large numbers of B cells and myeloid cells within these tissues that are known to contain immunosuppressive regulatory B cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that housing temperature affects the survival of RIC-treated I→I mice and that RIC-conditioned outbred mice are resistant to allogeneic T cell-induced BM and spleen damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Enriquez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brianyell McDaniel Mims
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Stephanie Stroever
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Andrea Pires dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yava Jones-Hall
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Furr
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Matthew B. Grisham
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Park E, Barclay WE, Barrera A, Liao TC, Salzler HR, Reddy TE, Shinohara ML, Ciofani M. Integrin α3 promotes T H17 cell polarization and extravasation during autoimmune neuroinflammation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadg7597. [PMID: 37831759 PMCID: PMC10821720 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg7597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by CNS-infiltrating leukocytes, including TH17 cells that are critical mediators of disease pathogenesis. Although targeting leukocyte trafficking is effective in treating autoimmunity, there are currently no therapeutic interventions that specifically block encephalitogenic TH17 cell migration. Here, we report integrin α3 as a TH17 cell-selective determinant of pathogenicity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. CNS-infiltrating TH17 cells express high integrin α3, and its deletion in CD4+ T cells or Il17a fate-mapped cells attenuated disease severity. Mechanistically, integrin α3 enhanced the immunological synapse formation to promote the polarization and proliferation of TH17 cells. Moreover, the transmigration of TH17 cells into the CNS was dependent on integrin α3, and integrin α3 deficiency enhanced the retention of CD4+ T cells in the perivascular space of the blood-brain barrier. Integrin α3-dependent interactions continuously maintain TH17 cell identity and effector function. The requirement of integrin α3 in TH17 cell pathogenicity suggests integrin α3 as a therapeutic target for MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunchong Park
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E. Barclay
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alejandro Barrera
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Chieh Liao
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Harmony R. Salzler
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Timothy E. Reddy
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mari L. Shinohara
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria Ciofani
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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5
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Gupta B, Rai RP, Pal PB, Chaudhary S, Chiaro A, Seaman S, Singhi AD, Monga SP, Iyer SS, Raeman R. Selective targeting of α 4 β 7 /MAdCAM-1 axis suppresses liver fibrosis by reducing proinflammatory T cell recruitment to the liver. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.20.528201. [PMID: 36865167 PMCID: PMC9980010 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.20.528201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Integrin α 4 β 7 + T cells perpetuate tissue injury in chronic inflammatory diseases, yet their role in hepatic fibrosis progression remains poorly understood. Here we report increased accumulation of α 4 β 7 + T cells in the liver of people with cirrhosis relative to disease controls. Similarly, hepatic fibrosis in the established mouse model of CCl 4 -induced liver fibrosis was associated with enrichment of intrahepatic α 4 β 7 + CD4 and CD8 T cells. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated blockade of α 4 β 7 or its ligand mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM)-1 attenuated hepatic inflammation and prevented fibrosis progression in CCl 4 treated mice. Improvement in liver fibrosis was associated with a significant decrease in the infiltration of α 4 β 7 + CD4 and CD8 T cells suggesting that α 4 β 7 /MAdCAM-1 axis regulates both CD4 and CD8 T cell recruitment to the fibrotic liver, and α 4 β 7 + T cells promote hepatic fibrosis progression. Analysis of hepatic α 4 β 7 + and α 4 β 7 -CD4 T cells revealed that α 4 β 7 + CD4 T cells enriched for markers of activation and proliferation demonstrating an effector phenotype. Notably, blockade of α 4 β 7 or MAdCAM-1 did not affect the recruitment of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, demonstrating the specificity of α 4 β 7 /MAdCAM-1 axis in regulating effector T cell recruitment to the liver. The findings suggest that α 4 β 7 + T cells play a critical role in promoting hepatic fibrosis progression, and mAb-mediated blockade of α 4 β 7 or MAdCAM-1 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for slowing hepatic fibrosis progression in chronic liver diseases.
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Konen FF, Möhn N, Witte T, Schefzyk M, Wiestler M, Lovric S, Hufendiek K, Schwenkenbecher P, Sühs KW, Friese MA, Klotz L, Pul R, Pawlitzki M, Hagin D, Kleinschnitz C, Meuth SG, Skripuletz T. Treatment of autoimmunity: The impact of disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis and comorbid autoimmune disorders. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103312. [PMID: 36924922 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
More than 10 disease-modifying therapies (DMT) are approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and new therapeutic options are on the horizon. Due to different underlying therapeutic mechanisms, a more individualized selection of DMTs in MS is possible, taking into account the patient's current situation. Therefore, concomitant treatment of various comorbid conditions, including autoimmune mediated disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, should be considered in MS patients. Because the pathomechanisms of autoimmunity partially overlap, DMT could also treat concomitant inflammatory diseases and simplify the patient's treatment. In contrast, the exacerbation and even new occurrence of several autoimmune diseases have been reported as a result of immunomodulatory treatment of MS. To simplify treatment and avoid disease exacerbation, knowledge of the beneficial and adverse effects of DMT in other autoimmune disorders is critical. Therefore, we conducted a literature search and described the beneficial and adverse effects of approved and currently studied DMT in a large number of comorbid autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, cutaneous disorders including psoriasis, Sjögren´s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic vasculitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and ocular autoimmune disorders. Our review aims to facilitate the selection of an appropriate DMT in patients with MS and comorbid autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Felix Konen
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany..
| | - Nora Möhn
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany..
| | - Torsten Witte
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany..
| | - Matthias Schefzyk
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany..
| | - Miriam Wiestler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Svjetlana Lovric
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Karsten Hufendiek
- University Eye Hospital, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | | | - Kurt-Wolfram Sühs
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany..
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany.
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Refik Pul
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany.
| | - Marc Pawlitzki
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - David Hagin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, 6 Weizmann St., Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel.
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany.
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Thomas Skripuletz
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany..
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7
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Pang X, He X, Qiu Z, Zhang H, Xie R, Liu Z, Gu Y, Zhao N, Xiang Q, Cui Y. Targeting integrin pathways: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:1. [PMID: 36588107 PMCID: PMC9805914 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix (ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in biochemical and mechanical signals between cells and their environment in a wide range of states in health and diseases. Integrin functions are dependable on a delicate balance between active and inactive status via multiple mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions, conformational changes, and trafficking. Due to their exposure on the cell surface and sensitivity to the molecular blockade, integrins have been investigated as pharmacological targets for nearly 40 years, but given the complexity of integrins and sometimes opposite characteristics, targeting integrin therapeutics has been a challenge. To date, only seven drugs targeting integrins have been successfully marketed, including abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban, natalizumab, vedolizumab, lifitegrast, and carotegrast. Currently, there are approximately 90 kinds of integrin-based therapeutic drugs or imaging agents in clinical studies, including small molecules, antibodies, synthetic mimic peptides, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, imaging agents, etc. A serious lesson from past integrin drug discovery and research efforts is that successes rely on both a deep understanding of integrin-regulatory mechanisms and unmet clinical needs. Herein, we provide a systematic and complete review of all integrin family members and integrin-mediated downstream signal transduction to highlight ongoing efforts to develop new therapies/diagnoses from bench to clinic. In addition, we further discuss the trend of drug development, how to improve the success rate of clinical trials targeting integrin therapies, and the key points for clinical research, basic research, and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xu He
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Hanxu Zhang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xie
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yanlun Gu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
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8
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Elhag DA, Kumar M, Saadaoui M, Akobeng AK, Al-Mudahka F, Elawad M, Al Khodor S. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatments and Predictive Biomarkers of Therapeutic Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136966. [PMID: 35805965 PMCID: PMC9266456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with a highly heterogeneous presentation. It has a relapsing and remitting clinical course that necessitates lifelong monitoring and treatment. Although the availability of a variety of effective therapeutic options including immunomodulators and biologics (such as TNF, CAM inhibitors) has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment outcomes and clinical management of IBD patients, some patients still either fail to respond or lose their responsiveness to therapy over time. Therefore, according to the recent Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE-II) recommendations, continuous disease monitoring from symptomatic relief to endoscopic healing along with short- and long-term therapeutic responses are critical for providing IBD patients with a tailored therapy algorithm. Moreover, considering the high unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches for IBD patients, various new modulators of cytokine signaling events (for example, JAK/TYK inhibitors), inhibitors of cytokines (for example IL-12/IL-23, IL-22, IL-36, and IL-6 inhibitors), anti-adhesion and migration strategies (for example, β7 integrin, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors, and stem cells), as well as microbial-based therapeutics to decolonize the bed buds (for example, fecal microbiota transplantation and bacterial inhibitors) are currently being evaluated in different phases of controlled clinical trials. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of available treatment options and emerging therapeutic approaches for IBD patients. Furthermore, predictive biomarkers for monitoring the therapeutic response to different IBD therapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Ahmed Elhag
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (D.A.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (D.A.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Marwa Saadaoui
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (D.A.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Anthony K. Akobeng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.K.A.); (F.A.-M.); (M.E.)
| | - Fatma Al-Mudahka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.K.A.); (F.A.-M.); (M.E.)
| | - Mamoun Elawad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.K.A.); (F.A.-M.); (M.E.)
| | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (D.A.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Cluny NL, Nyuyki KD, Almishri W, Griffin L, Lee BH, Hirota SA, Pittman QJ, Swain MG, Sharkey KA. Recruitment of α4β7 monocytes and neutrophils to the brain in experimental colitis is associated with elevated cytokines and anxiety-like behavior. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:73. [PMID: 35379260 PMCID: PMC8981853 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Behavioral comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression, are a prominent feature of IBD. The signals from the inflamed gut that cause changes in the brain leading to these behavioral comorbidities remain to be fully elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that enhanced leukocyte–cerebral endothelial cell interactions occur in the brain in experimental colitis, mediated by α4β7 integrin, to initiate neuroimmune activation and anxiety-like behavior. Methods Female mice treated with dextran sodium sulfate were studied at the peak of acute colitis. Circulating leukocyte populations were determined using flow cytometry. Leukocyte–cerebral endothelial cell interactions were examined using intravital microscopy in mice treated with anti-integrin antibodies. Brain cytokine and chemokines were assessed using a multiplex assay in animals treated with anti-α4β7 integrin. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed using an elevated plus maze in animals after treatment with an intracerebroventricular injection of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist. Results The proportion of classical monocytes expressing α4β7 integrin was increased in peripheral blood of mice with colitis. An increase in the number of rolling and adherent leukocytes on cerebral endothelial cells was observed, the majority of which were neutrophils. Treatment with anti-α4β7 integrin significantly reduced the number of rolling leukocytes. After anti-Ly6C treatment to deplete monocytes, the number of rolling and adhering neutrophils was significantly reduced in mice with colitis. Interleukin-1β and CCL2 levels were elevated in the brain and treatment with anti-α4β7 significantly reduced them. Enhanced anxiety-like behavior in mice with colitis was reversed by treatment with interleukin 1 receptor antagonist. Conclusions In experimental colitis, α4β7 integrin-expressing monocytes direct the recruitment of neutrophils to the cerebral vasculature, leading to elevated cytokine levels. Increased interleukin-1β mediates anxiety-like behavior. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02431-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina L Cluny
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kewir D Nyuyki
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Wagdi Almishri
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lateece Griffin
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Lee
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Simon A Hirota
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Quentin J Pittman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark G Swain
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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10
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IL-36 cytokines imprint a colitogenic phenotype on CD4 + T helper cells. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:491-503. [PMID: 35177818 PMCID: PMC9038530 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
IL-36 cytokines are emerging as potent orchestrators of intestinal inflammation and are being implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, the mechanisms through which these cytokines mediate these effects remain to be fully uncovered. Here, we report specifically elevated expression of IL-36α, and not IL-36β or IL-36γ in the serum of newly diagnosed, treatment naïve, paediatric IBD patients and identify T cells as primary cellular mediators of IL-36 responses in the inflamed gut. IL-36R expression on CD4+ T cells was found to promote intestinal pathology in a murine model of colitis. Consistent with these effects, IL-36R can act as a potent instructor of CD4+ T cell differentiation in vivo, enhancing Th1 responses, while inhibiting the generation of Tregs. In addition, loss of IL-36 responsiveness significantly reduced the migration of pathogenic CD4+ T cells towards intestinal tissues and IL-36 was found to act, uniquely among IL-1 family members, to induce the expression of gut homing receptors in proinflammatory murine and human CD4+ T cells. These data reveal an important role for IL-36 cytokines in driving the colitogenic potential of CD4+ T cells and identify a new mechanism through which they may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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11
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Manzini R, Schwarzfischer M, Atrott K, Laimbacher A, Lang S, Wawrzyniak M, Rickenbacher A, Turina M, Hruz P, Lissner D, Siegmund B, Rogler G, Scharl M, Spalinger MR. Combination of Vedolizumab With Tacrolimus Is More Efficient Than Vedolizumab Alone in the Treatment of Experimental Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1986-1998. [PMID: 33847343 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vedolizumab is a widely used and safe therapy in inflammatory bowel disease, particularly in ulcerative colitis (UC), making it a promising candidate for enhanced efficacy by combining it with additional immunomodulatory medications. In this study, we studied the impact of vedolizumab monotreatment vs vedolizumab coadministration with other immunomodulatory drugs on intestinal inflammation and intestinal immune cells in vivo. METHODS Colon tissue from human patients with UC with active disease or in remission with or without vedolizumab treatment was stained by immunohistochemistry. We reconstituted NOD-SCID-SGM3 mice with human CD34+ cells and treated them with dextran sodium sulfate to induce acute colitis. Mice were treated with vedolizumab alone, or in combination with tacrolimus, ozanimid, or tofacitinib. RESULTS Vedolizumab reduced the number of CD3+ T cells and CD68+ monocytes/macrophages in the colon of patients with UC with active disease. Vedolizumab moderately decreased immune cell numbers in acute dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. The combination of vedolizumab with tacrolimus further reduced the number of infiltrating CD3+ T cells and CD68+ monocytes/macrophages and was superior in ameliorating intestinal inflammation when compared to vedolizumab monotreatment. In contrast, cotreatment using vedolizumab with ozanimod or tofacitinib had no additive effect. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that vedolizumab reduces the number of innate and adaptive immune cells in the mucosa of patients with UC. Further, the combination of vedolizumab with tacrolimus was more efficient to reduce immune cell numbers and to increase therapeutic efficacy than vedolizumab monotreatment. This finding indicates that combination treatment using these two drugs may be beneficial for patients who do not respond to vedolizumab monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Manzini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich,Switzerland
| | - Marlene Schwarzfischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich,Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich,Switzerland
| | - Andrea Laimbacher
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich,Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich,Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich,Switzerland
| | - Andreas Rickenbacher
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Turina
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petr Hruz
- Clarunis Universitäres Bauchzentrum Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Donata Lissner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin. Department for Medicine (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Berlin,Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin. Department for Medicine (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Berlin,Germany
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich,Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrated Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich,Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrated Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich,Switzerland
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12
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Garlatti V, Lovisa S, Danese S, Vetrano S. The Multiple Faces of Integrin-ECM Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10439. [PMID: 34638778 PMCID: PMC8508809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) comprises a series of chronic and relapsing intestinal diseases, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis being the most common. The abundant and uncontrolled deposition of extracellular matrix, namely fibrosis, is one of the major hallmarks of IBD and is responsible for the progressive narrowing and closure of the intestine, defined as stenosis. Although fibrosis is usually considered the product of chronic inflammation, the substantial failure of anti-inflammatory therapies to target and reduce fibrosis in IBD suggests that fibrosis might be sustained in an inflammation-independent manner. Pharmacological therapies targeting integrins have recently shown great promise in the treatment of IBD. The efficacy of these therapies mainly relies on their capacity to target the integrin-mediated recruitment and functionality of the immune cells at the damage site. However, by nature, integrins also act as mechanosensitive molecules involved in the intracellular transduction of signals and modifications originating from the extracellular matrix. Therefore, understanding integrin signaling in the context of IBD may offer important insights into mechanisms of matrix remodeling, which are uncoupled from inflammation and could underlie the onset and persistency of intestinal fibrosis. In this review, we present the currently available knowledge on the role of integrins in the etiopathogenesis of IBD, highlighting their role in the context of immune-dependent and independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Garlatti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (S.L.); (S.D.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Lovisa
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (S.L.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (S.L.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (S.L.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
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13
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Dai B, Hackney JA, Ichikawa R, Nguyen A, Elstrott J, Orozco LD, Sun KH, Modrusan Z, Gogineni A, Scherl A, Gubatan J, Habtezion A, Deswal M, Somsouk M, Faubion WA, Chai A, Sharafali Z, Hassanali A, Oh YS, Tole S, McBride J, Keir ME, Yi T. Dual targeting of lymphocyte homing and retention through α4β7 and αEβ7 inhibition in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100381. [PMID: 34467254 PMCID: PMC8385326 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anti-integrins are therapeutically effective for inflammatory bowel disease, yet the relative contribution of α4β7 and αEβ7 to gut lymphocyte trafficking is not fully elucidated. Here, we evaluate the effect of α4β7 and αEβ7 blockade using a combination of murine models of gut trafficking and longitudinal gene expression analysis in etrolizumab-treated patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Dual blockade of α4β7 and αEβ7 reduces CD8+ T cell accumulation in the gut to a greater extent than blockade of either integrin alone. Anti-αEβ7 reduces epithelial:T cell interactions and promotes egress of activated T cells from the mucosa into lymphatics. Inflammatory gene expression is greater in human intestinal αEβ7+ T cells. Etrolizumab-treated patients with CD display a treatment-specific reduction in inflammatory and cytotoxic intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) genes. Concurrent blockade of α4β7 and αEβ7 promotes reduction of cytotoxic IELs and inflammatory T cells in the gut mucosa through a stepwise inhibition of intestinal tissue entry and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Dai
- Departments of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jason A. Hackney
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ryan Ichikawa
- Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Allen Nguyen
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Justin Elstrott
- Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Luz D. Orozco
- Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kai-Hui Sun
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alvin Gogineni
- Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alexis Scherl
- Pathology, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Monika Deswal
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ma Somsouk
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - William A. Faubion
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Akiko Chai
- Product Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zaineb Sharafali
- Product Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Azra Hassanali
- Product Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Young S. Oh
- Product Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Swati Tole
- Product Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jacqueline McBride
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mary E. Keir
- Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tangsheng Yi
- Departments of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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14
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Sumiyoshi M, Kotani Y, Ikuta Y, Suzue K, Ozawa M, Katakai T, Yamada T, Abe T, Bando K, Koyasu S, Kanaho Y, Watanabe T, Matsuda S. Arf1 and Arf6 Synergistically Maintain Survival of T Cells during Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:366-375. [PMID: 33310872 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family consisting of six family members, Arf1-Arf6, belongs to Ras superfamily and orchestrates vesicle trafficking under the control of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins. It is well established that brefeldin A, a potent inhibitor of ArfGEFs, blocks cytokine secretion from activated T cells, suggesting that the Arf pathway plays important roles in T cell functions. In this study, because Arf1 and Arf6 are the best-characterized members among Arf family, we established T lineage-specific Arf1-deficient, Arf6-deficient, and Arf1/6 double-deficient mice to understand physiological roles of the Arf pathway in the immune system. Contrary to our expectation, Arf deficiency had little or no impact on cytokine secretion from the activated T cells. In contrast, the lack of both Arf1 and Arf6, but neither Arf1 nor Arf6 deficiency alone, rendered naive T cells susceptible to apoptosis upon TCR stimulation because of imbalanced expression of Bcl-2 family members. We further demonstrate that Arf1/6 deficiency in T cells alleviates autoimmune diseases like colitis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, whereas Ab response under Th2-polarizing conditions is seemingly normal. Our findings reveal an unexpected role for the Arf pathway in the survival of T cells during TCR-induced activation and its potential as a therapeutic target in the autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Sumiyoshi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yui Kotani
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.,Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yuki Ikuta
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Kazutomo Suzue
- Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Madoka Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Katakai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Taketo Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kana Bando
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shigeo Koyasu
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; and
| | - Yasunori Kanaho
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuda
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan;
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15
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Rai RP, Liu Y, Iyer SS, Liu S, Gupta B, Desai C, Kumar P, Smith T, Singhi AD, Nusrat A, Parkos CA, Monga SP, Czaja MJ, Anania FA, Raeman R. Blocking integrin α 4β 7-mediated CD4 T cell recruitment to the intestine and liver protects mice from western diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2020; 73:1013-1022. [PMID: 32540177 PMCID: PMC7839272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The heterodimeric integrin receptor α4β7 regulates CD4 T cell recruitment to inflamed tissues, but its role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is unknown. Herein, we examined the role of α4β7-mediated recruitment of CD4 T cells to the intestine and liver in NASH. METHODS Male littermate F11r+/+ (control) and junctional adhesion molecule A knockout F11r-/- mice were fed a normal diet or a western diet (WD) for 8 weeks. Liver and intestinal tissues were analyzed by histology, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), 16s rRNA sequencing and flow cytometry. Colonic mucosa-associated microbiota were analyzed using 16s rRNA sequencing. Liver biopsies from patients with NASH were analyzed by confocal imaging and qRT-PCR. RESULTS WD-fed knockout mice developed NASH and had increased hepatic and intestinal α4β7+ CD4 T cells relative to control mice who developed mild hepatic steatosis. The increase in α4β7+ CD4 T cells was associated with markedly higher expression of the α4β7 ligand mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) in the colonic mucosa and livers of WD-fed knockout mice. Elevated MAdCAM-1 expression correlated with increased mucosa-associated Proteobacteria in the WD-fed knockout mice. Antibiotics reduced MAdCAM-1 expression indicating that the diet-altered microbiota promoted colonic and hepatic MAdCAM-1 expression. α4β7 blockade in WD-fed knockout mice significantly decreased α4β7+ CD4 T cell recruitment to the intestine and liver, attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and improved metabolic indices. MAdCAM-1 blockade also reduced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in WD-fed knockout mice. Hepatic MAdCAM-1 expression was elevated in patients with NASH and correlated with higher expression of α4 and β7 integrins. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish α4β7/MAdCAM-1 as a critical axis regulating NASH development through colonic and hepatic CD4 T cell recruitment. LAY SUMMARY Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced and progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and despite its growing incidence no therapies currently exist to halt NAFLD progression. Herein, we show that blocking integrin receptor α4β7-mediated recruitment of CD4 T cells to the intestine and liver not only attenuates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, but also improves metabolic derangements associated with NASH. These findings provide evidence for the potential therapeutic application of α4β7 antibody in the treatment of human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi P. Rai
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Yunshan Liu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Smita S. Iyer
- Center for Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA USA,California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Biki Gupta
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Chirayu Desai
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Tekla Smith
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Aatur D. Singhi
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | | | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Mark J. Czaja
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Frank A. Anania
- Division of Gastroenterology and Inborn Error Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Reben Raeman
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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16
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Seamons A, Haenisch M, Meeker S, Pershutkina O, Brabb T, Treuting PM, Paik J. Protective Effects of ALDH1A Enzyme Inhibition on Helicobacter-Induced Colitis in Smad3 -/- Mice are Associated with Altered α4ß7 Integrin Expression on Activated T Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102927. [PMID: 32987910 PMCID: PMC7599670 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients require surgical intervention due to limited pharmacological treatment options. Antibodies targeting α4ß7, a gut-homing integrin, are one of the most promising IBD treatments. As retinoic acid (RA) regulates expression of gut-homing proteins including α4ß7 integrin, we tested if ALDH1A enzymes in the RA synthesis pathway could be targeted for IBD treatment using a potent inhibitor, WIN 18,446. Age- and sex-matched Smad3-/- mice were fed a diet with and without WIN 18,446 for 3 weeks before triggering inflammation with Helicobacter bilis infection. Colitis was evaluated by histopathology one week following the IBD trigger, and T cell subsets were evaluated before and after the IBD trigger. WIN 18,446 treatment significantly reduced IBD severity in Smad3-/- mice and reduced expression of α4ß7 integrin on multiple activated CD4+ T cell subsets. This change was associated with increased ratios of induced regulatory T cells to Th17 cells during the inflammatory response in the draining lymph nodes. These studies indicate that RA reduction via ALDH1A enzyme inhibition is a potential new target for IBD treatment. Further studies are needed to examine its effects on other types of immune cells, to evaluate the efficacy window for this target, and to determine its efficacy in other animal models of IBD.
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17
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de Wolf ACMT, Herberts CA, Hoefnagel MHN. Dawn of Monitoring Regulatory T Cells in (Pre-)clinical Studies: Their Relevance Is Slowly Recognised. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:91. [PMID: 32300597 PMCID: PMC7142310 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a prominent role in the control of immune homeostasis. Pharmacological impact on their activity or balance with effector T cells could contribute to (impaired) clinical responses or adverse events. Monitoring treatment-related effects on T cell subsets may therefore be part of (pre-)clinical studies for medicinal products. However, the extent of immune monitoring performed in studies for marketing authorisation and the degree of correspondence with data available in the public domain is not known. We evaluated the presence of T cell immunomonitoring in 46 registration dossiers of monoclonal antibodies indicated for immune-related disorders and published scientific papers. We found that the depth of Treg analysis in registration dossiers was rather small. Nevertheless, data on treatment-related Treg effects are available in public academia-driven studies (post-registration) and suggest that Tregs may act as a biomarker for clinical responses. However, public data are fragmented and obtained with heterogeneity of experimental approaches from a diversity of species and tissues. To reveal the potential added value of T cell (and particular Treg) evaluation in (pre-)clinical studies, more cell-specific data should be acquired, at least for medicinal products with an immunomodulatory mechanism. Therefore, extensive analysis of T cell subset contribution to clinical responses and the relevance of treatment-induced changes in their levels is needed. Preferably, industry and academia should work together to obtain these data in a standardised manner and to enrich our knowledge about T cell activity in disease pathogenesis and therapies. This will ultimately elucidate the necessity of T cell subset monitoring in the therapeutic benefit-risk assessment.
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18
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Rheumatoid arthritis and the mucosal origins hypothesis: protection turns to destruction. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 14:542-557. [PMID: 30111803 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-018-0070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Individuals at high risk of developing seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be identified for translational research and disease prevention studies through the presence of highly informative and predictive patterns of RA-related autoantibodies, especially anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), in the serum. In serologically positive individuals without arthritis, designated ACPA positive at risk, the presence of mucosal inflammatory processes associated with the presence of local ACPA production has been demonstrated. In other at-risk populations, local RA-related autoantibody production is present even in the absence of serum autoantibodies. Additionally, a proportion of at-risk individuals exhibit local mucosal ACPA production in the lung, as well as radiographic small-airway disease, sputum hypercellularity and increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Other mucosal sites in at-risk individuals also exhibit autoantibody production, inflammation and/or evidence of dysbiosis. As the proportion of individuals who exhibit such localized inflammation-associated ACPA production is substantially higher than the likelihood of an individual developing future RA, this finding raises the hypothesis that mucosal ACPAs have biologically relevant protective roles. Identifying the mechanisms that drive both the generation and loss of externally focused mucosal ACPA production and promote systemic autoantibody expression and ultimately arthritis development should provide insights into new therapeutic approaches to prevent RA.
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19
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Markota A, Metzger R, Heiseke AF, Jandl L, Dursun E, Eisenächer K, Reindl W, Haller D, Krug AB. Comparison of iron-reduced and iron-supplemented semisynthetic diets in T cell transfer colitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218332. [PMID: 31276514 PMCID: PMC6611680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations in inflammatory bowel disease patients and experimental studies in rodents suggest that iron in the intestinal lumen derived from iron-rich food or oral iron supplementation could exacerbate inflammation and that iron depletion from the diet could be protective. To test the hypothesis that dietary iron reduction is protective against colitis development, the impact of iron reduction in the diet below 10 mg/kg on the course of CD4+ CD62L+ T cell transfer colitis was investigated in adult C57BL/6 mice. Weight loss as well as clinical and histological signs of inflammation were comparable between mice pretreated with semisynthetic diets with either < 10mg/kg iron content or supplemented with 180 mg/kg iron in the form of ferrous sulfate or hemin. Accumulation and activation of Ly6Chigh monocytes, changes in dendritic cell subset composition and induction of proinflammatory Th1/Th17 cells in the inflamed colon were not affected by the iron content of the diets. Thus, dietary iron reduction did not protect adult mice against severe intestinal inflammation in T cell transfer induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Markota
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rebecca Metzger
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alexander F. Heiseke
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Jandl
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ezgi Dursun
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katharina Eisenächer
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Klinikum Mannheim, II. Medizinische Klinik, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair for Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anne B. Krug
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- * E-mail:
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20
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McDaniel Mims B, Jones-Hall Y, Dos Santos AP, Furr K, Enriquez J, Grisham MB. Induction of acute graft vs. host disease in lymphopenic mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:233-244. [PMID: 31248669 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially life-saving treatment for refractory/relapsing hematological malignancies, blood disorders or autoimmune diseases. However, approximately 40-50% of patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT will develop a multi-organ, inflammatory disorder called acute graft vs. host disease (aGVHD). Experimental and clinical studies suggest that intestinal injury due to toxic, pre-transplant conditioning protocols (e.g. lethal irradiation and/or chemotherapy) may play a major role in the development of aGVHD. However, recent studies from our laboratory suggest that this may not be the case. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the onset and severity of aGVHD induced by the adoptive transfer of allogeneic T cells into untreated lymphopenic mice. Four million allogeneic or syngeneic CD4+CD62L+CD25- T cells were transferred (i.p.) into NK cell-depleted RAG1-/- mice or RAG2-/-IL2rγ-/-double knock-out (DKO) mice and assessed daily for signs of aGVHD. We found that adoptive transfer of allogeneic but not syngeneic T cells into NK cell-depleted RAG1-/- or DKO mice induced many of the clinical and histological features of aGVHD including weight loss, inflammatory cytokine production and tissue inflammation. In addition, adoptive transfer of allogeneic T cells into each recipient induced severe anemia as well as dramatic reductions in bone marrow and spleen cellularity. Taken together, we conclude that allogeneic CD4+ T cells are both necessary and sufficient to induce aGVHD in lymphopenic recipients in the absence of toxic, pre-transplant conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianyell McDaniel Mims
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health, Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Yava Jones-Hall
- Purdue University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Andrea Pires Dos Santos
- Purdue University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Kathryn Furr
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health, Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Josue Enriquez
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health, Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Matthew B Grisham
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health, Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States.
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21
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Kuhbandner K, Hammer A, Haase S, Terbrack E, Hoffmann A, Schippers A, Wagner N, Hussain RZ, Miller-Little WA, Koh AY, Stoolman JS, Segal BM, Linker RA, Stüve O. MAdCAM-1-Mediated Intestinal Lymphocyte Homing Is Critical for the Development of Active Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:903. [PMID: 31114574 PMCID: PMC6503766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte homing into the intestine is mediated by binding of leukocytes to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1), expressed on endothelial cells. Currently, the immune system of the gut is considered a major modulator not only of inflammatory bowel disease, but also of extra-intestinal autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite intense research in this field, the exact role of the intestine in the pathogenesis of (neuro-)inflammatory disease conditions remains to be clarified. This prompted us to investigate the role of MAdCAM-1 in immunological processes in the intestine during T cell-mediated autoimmunity of the central nervous system (CNS). Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of MS, we show that MAdCAM-1-deficient (MAdCAM-1-KO) mice are less susceptible to actively MOG35−55-induced disease. Protection from disease was accompanied by decreased numbers of immune cells in the lamina propria and Peyer's patches as well as reduced immune cell infiltration into the spinal cord. MOG35−55-recall responses were intact in other secondary lymphoid organs of MAdCAM-1-KO mice. The composition of specific bacterial groups within the microbiome did not differ between MAdCAM-1-KO mice and controls, while MAdCAM-1-deficiency severely impaired migration of MOG35−55-activated lymphocytes to the gut. Our data indicate a critical role of MAdCAM-1 in the development of CNS inflammation by regulating lymphocyte homing to the intestine, and may suggest a role for the intestinal tract in educating lymphocytes to become encephalitogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kuhbandner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Hammer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Haase
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisa Terbrack
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alana Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rehana Z Hussain
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - William A Miller-Little
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Andrew Y Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Microbiology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Joshua S Stoolman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Benjamin M Segal
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, United States
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22
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Jung KH, Shin D, Kim S, Min D, Kim W, Kim J, Lee G, Bae H. Intratracheal Ovalbumin Administration Induces Colitis Through the IFN-γ Pathway in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:530. [PMID: 30949176 PMCID: PMC6437076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported an increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients with pulmonary diseases. Despite clinical and epidemiological studies of the interplay between colitis and asthma, the diseases' related underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the development of colitis in a model of allergic airway inflammation. We revealed that intratracheal chronic ovalbumin (OVA) exposure induces colitis and allergic airway inflammation. Interestingly, induction of colitis was largely regulated by Th1, rather than Th2 responses, whereas allergic airway inflammation was primarily mediated by Th2 responses. Experiments in Tbx21 (T-bet) and Ifng (IFN-γ) deficient mice have confirmed that IFN-γ is a major mediator involved in OVA-induced colitis. These findings broaden current understanding of allergen induced colitis pathology and could play a role in the development of novel clinical treatment strategies for asthmatic patients who are at risk of developing colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dasom Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sejun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daeun Min
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woogyeong Kim
- Department of Korean Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinju Kim
- Department of Korean Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gihyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, South Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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23
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Kredel LI, Jödicke LJ, Scheffold A, Gröne J, Glauben R, Erben U, Kühl AA, Siegmund B. T-cell Composition in Ileal and Colonic Creeping Fat - Separating Ileal from Colonic Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:79-91. [PMID: 30272118 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Creeping fat [CF] is a hyperplasia of adipose tissue adjacent to inflamed intestine in Crohn's disease [CD]. Data from genome-wide association studies [GWAS] distinguished Crohn's colitis from ileal CD and ulcerative colitis [UC]. This study analysed the T-cell compartments of ileal and colonic mesenteric fat and corresponding mucosa to provide cellular proof for the suggested GWAS classification. METHODS Samples were obtained from 34 CD or UC patients. Cells were analysed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, and tissue cytokine release was assessed by cytometric bead array. RESULTS Only ileal CF revealed the distinct adipocyte hyperplasia combined with dense T-cell infiltration and fibrosis; colonic fat from CD and UC patients lacked these findings. T-cell subpopulations differed between mesenteric fat in ileal CD, colonic CD and UC: ileal CF had nearly 10 times more T-cells than colonic fat. The proportions of regulatory and central memory T-cells were significantly higher in ileal CF compared with colonic fat in CD and UC. In all groups, the mucosal T-cell compartment was distinct from the mesenteric fat. Remarkably, correlation between disease activity and proportion of pro- and anti-inflammatory T-cell subpopulations was inverse, comparing ileal and colonic fat in CD. CONCLUSIONS This first in-depth analysis of the T-cell compartment in ileal and colonic mesenteric adipose tissue in CD and UC identifies a unique T-cell niche in the ileal mesenteric fat tissue in CD. From a clinical point of view, our findings underscore the novel concept of colonic and ileal CD as distinct IBD entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea I Kredel
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa J Jödicke
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Medical Department [Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology], Department of Cellular Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Gröne
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Rotes Kreuz Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rainer Glauben
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Erben
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,iPATH, Core Unit/Research Center ImmunoSciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,iPATH, Core Unit/Research Center ImmunoSciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Lupsa N, Érsek B, Horváth A, Bencsik A, Lajkó E, Silló P, Oszvald Á, Wiener Z, Reményi P, Mikala G, Masszi T, Buzás EI, Pós Z. Skin-homing CD8 + T cells preferentially express GPI-anchored peptidase inhibitor 16, an inhibitor of cathepsin K. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1944-1957. [PMID: 30365157 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to identify novel CD8+ T cell homing markers by studying acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD), typically involving increased T cell homing to the skin and gut. FACS-sorted skin-homing (CD8β+ /CLA+ ), gut-homing (CD8β+ /integrinβ7+ ), and reference (CD8β+ /CLA- /integrinβ7- ) T cells were compared in patients affected by cutaneous and/or gastrointestinal aGVHD. Microarray analysis, qPCR, and flow cytometry revealed increased expression of peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) in skin-homing CD8+ T cells. Robust association of PI16 with skin homing was confirmed in all types of aGvHD and in healthy controls, too. PI16 was not observed on CLA+ leukocytes other than T cells. Induction of PI16 expression on skin-homing T cells occurred independently of vitamin D3. Among skin-homing T cells, PI16 expression was most pronounced in memory-like CD45RO+ /CD127+ /CD25+ /CD69- /granzyme B- cells. PI16 was confined to the plasma membrane, was GPI-anchored, and was lost upon restimulation of memory CD8+ T cells. Loss of PI16 occurred by downregulation of PI16 transcription, and not by Phospholipase C (PLC)- or Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-mediated shedding, or by protein recycling. Inhibitor screening and pull-down experiments confirmed that PI16 inhibits cathepsin K, but may not bind to other skin proteases. These data link PI16 to skin-homing CD8+ T cells, and raise the possibility that PI16 may regulate cutaneous cathepsin K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Lupsa
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University Immunoproteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Érsek
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Office for Research Groups Attached to Universities and Other Institutions, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andor Horváth
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bencsik
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Lajkó
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pálma Silló
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Oszvald
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Wiener
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Reményi
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, St. Istvan and Saint Laszlo Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mikala
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, St. Istvan and Saint Laszlo Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Masszi
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, St. Istvan and Saint Laszlo Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.,3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University Immunoproteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pós
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Lord JD, Long SA, Shows DM, Thorpe J, Schwedhelm K, Chen J, Kita M, Buckner JH. Circulating integrin alpha4/beta7+ lymphocytes targeted by vedolizumab have a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Clin Immunol 2018; 193:24-32. [PMID: 29842945 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Integrin alpha4/beta7 on circulating lymphocytes identifies them as gut-tropic, and can be targeted by the humanized antibody vedolizumab to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We found lymphocytes expressing alpha4/beta7 were significantly more responsive to the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-7, and IL-21, and less responsive to the regulatory T cell (Treg)-supporting cytokine IL-2. Alpha4/beta7 was expressed by a smaller percent of FOXP3 + Helios+ thymically-derived Tregs (tTregs) than FOXP3 + Helios- peripherally-derived Tregs (pTregs) or FOXP3- effector T cells. Integrin alpha4/beta7+ CD4 T cells were also rare among cells expressing the Th2 marker CRTh2, but enriched in cells bearing the circulating T follicular helper cell marker CXCR5. Thus the effect of this anti-integrin therapy on the mucosal immune system may be more qualitative than quantitative, and selectively replace pro-inflammatory effector cells with Tregs and Th2 cells to facilitate immune tolerance in the mucosa without globally depleting lymphocytes from the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Lord
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Research Program, United States..
| | - S Alice Long
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Research Program, United States
| | - Donna M Shows
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Research Program, United States
| | - Jerill Thorpe
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Research Program, United States
| | | | - Janice Chen
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Research Program, United States
| | - Mariko Kita
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Research Program, United States
| | - Jane H Buckner
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Research Program, United States
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26
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Yang JI, Park C, Kho I, Lee S, Suh KS, Kim TJ. Serosal Cavities Contain Two Populations of Innate-like integrin α4 highCD4 + T Cells, Integrin α4β1 +α6β1 +α4β7 - and α4β1 +α6β1 -α4β7 + Cells. Immune Netw 2017; 17:392-401. [PMID: 29302252 PMCID: PMC5746609 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.6.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported peritoneal innate-like integrin α4 (CD49d)highCD4+ T cells that provided help for B-1a cells. Here we analyzed the expression of various integrin chains on the peritoneal and pleural integrin α4highCD4+ T cells and investigated the functional heterogeneity of the subpopulations based on the integrin expression. Pleural cavity contained a lower ratio of integrin α4highCD4+ T cells to integrin α4lowCD4+ T cells than peritoneal cavity, but the pleural integrin α4highCD4+ T cells have the same characteristics of the peritoneal integrin α4highCD4+ T cells. Most of integrin α4highCD4+ T cells were integrin β1highβ7-, but a minor population of integrin α4highCD4+ T cells was integrin β1+β7+. Interestingly, the integrin α4highβ1highβ7- CD4+ T cells expressed high levels of integrin α4β1 and α6β1, whereas integrin α4highβ1+β7+ CD4+ T cells expressed high levels of integrin α4β1 and α4β7, suggesting an alternative expression of integrin α6β1 or α4β7 in combination with α4β1 in respective major and minor populations of integrin α4highCD4+ T cells. The minor population, integrin α4highβ1+β7+ CD4+ T cells, were different from the integrin α4highβ1highβ7- CD4+ T cells in that they secreted a smaller amount of Th1 cytokines upon stimulation and expressed lower levels of Th1-related chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3 than the integrin α4highβ1highβ7- CD4+ T cells. In summary, the innate-like integrin α4highCD4+ T cells could be divided into 2 populations, integrin α4β1+α6β1+α4β7- and α4β1+α6β1-α4β7+ cells. The functional significance of serosal integrin α4β7+ CD4+ T cells needed to be investigated especially in view of mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong In Yang
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Chanho Park
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Inseong Kho
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Kyung-Suk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced institute of health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST) and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
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Delmas A, Oikonomopoulos A, Lacey PN, Fallahi M, Hommes DW, Sundrud MS. Informatics-Based Discovery of Disease-Associated Immune Profiles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163305. [PMID: 27669154 PMCID: PMC5036861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in flow and mass cytometry are enabling ultra-high resolution immune profiling in mice and humans on an unprecedented scale. However, the resulting high-content datasets challenge traditional views of cytometry data, which are both limited in scope and biased by pre-existing hypotheses. Computational solutions are now emerging (e.g., Citrus, AutoGate, SPADE) that automate cell gating or enable visualization of relative subset abundance within healthy versus diseased mice or humans. Yet these tools require significant computational fluency and fail to show quantitative relationships between discrete immune phenotypes and continuous disease variables. Here we describe a simple informatics platform that uses hierarchical clustering and nearest neighbor algorithms to associate manually gated immune phenotypes with clinical or pre-clinical disease endpoints of interest in a rapid and unbiased manner. Using this approach, we identify discrete immune profiles that correspond with either weight loss or histologic colitis in a T cell transfer model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and show distinct nodes of immune dysregulation in the IBDs, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. This streamlined informatics approach for cytometry data analysis leverages publicly available software, can be applied to manually or computationally gated cytometry data, is suitable for any clinical or pre-clinical setting, and embraces ultra-high content flow and mass cytometry as a discovery engine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Delmas
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Angelos Oikonomopoulos
- Division of Digestive Disease, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Precious N. Lacey
- Division of Digestive Disease, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Fallahi
- Informatics Core, The Scripps Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daniel W. Hommes
- Division of Digestive Disease, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Sundrud
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dual functions of Rap1 are crucial for T-cell homeostasis and prevention of spontaneous colitis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8982. [PMID: 26634692 PMCID: PMC4686857 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rap1-GTP activates leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) to induce arrest on the high endothelial venule (HEV). Here we show that Rap1-GDP restrains rolling behaviours of T cells on the peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd), P-selectin and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MadCAM-1) by inhibiting tether formation. Consequently, Rap1 deficiency impairs homing of naive T cells to peripheral lymph nodes, but accelerates homing of TH17 and TH1 cells to the colon, resulting in spontaneous colitis with tumours. Rap1-GDP associates with and activates lymphocyte-oriented kinase, which phosphorylates ERM (ezrin, radixin and moesin) in resting T cells. Phosphomimetic ezrin reduces the rolling of Rap1-deficient cells, and thereby decreases their homing into the colon. On the other hand, chemokines activate Rap1 at the plasma membrane within seconds, and Rap1-GTP binds to filamins, which diminishes its association with the β2 chain of LFA-1 and results in LFA-1 activation. This Rap1-dependent regulation of T-cell circulation prevents the onset of colitis. Rap1, a member of the Ras family of small guanine triphosphatases, mediates lymphocyte adhesion to high endothelial venules. Here the authors show that depending on its activation status Rap1 plays a dual role in T cell adhesion and by regulating T cell homeostasis is involved in the protection from colitis.
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Heiseke AF, Jeuk BH, Markota A, Straub T, Lehr HA, Reindl W, Krug AB. IRAK1 Drives Intestinal Inflammation by Promoting the Generation of Effector Th Cells with Optimal Gut-Homing Capacity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5787-94. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lord JD. Promises and paradoxes of regulatory T cells in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11236-11245. [PMID: 26523099 PMCID: PMC4616201 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i40.11236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery two decades ago, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have become the subject of intense investigation by immunologists. Unlike other T cells, which promote an immune response, Tregs actively inhibit inflammation when activated by their cognate antigen, thus raising hope that these cells could be engineered into a highly targeted, antigen-specific, immunosuppressant therapy. Although Tregs represent less than 10% of circulating CD4+T cells, they have been shown to play an essential role in preventing or limiting inflammation in a variety of animal models and human diseases. In particular, spontaneous intestinal inflammation has been shown to occur in the absence of Tregs, suggesting that there may be a Treg defect central to the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, over the past decade, multiple groups have reported no qualitative or quantitative deficits in Tregs from the intestines and blood of IBD patients to explain why these cells fail to regulate inflammation in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In this review, we will discuss the history of Tregs, what is known about them in IBD, and what progress and obstacles have been seen with efforts to employ them for therapeutic benefit.
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