1
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Weng YY, Huang MY. The CpG Island Methylator Phenotype Status in Synchronous and Solitary Primary Colorectal Cancers: Prognosis and Effective Therapeutic Drug Prediction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5243. [PMID: 38791280 PMCID: PMC11121449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Synchronous colorectal cancer (sCRC) is characterized by the occurrence of more than one tumor within six months of detecting the first tumor. Evidence suggests that sCRC might be more common in the serrated neoplasia pathway, marked by the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), than in the chromosomal instability pathway (CIN). An increasing number of studies propose that CIMP could serve as a potential epigenetic predictor or prognostic biomarker of sCRC. Therapeutic drugs already used for treating CIMP-positive colorectal cancers (CRCs) are reviewed and drug selections for sCRC patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Weng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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2
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Boatman S, Kohn J, Mott SL, Gaertner WB, Madoff RD, Melton GB, Shaukat A, Hassan I, Goffredo P. A population-based analysis on the incidence of metachronous colon cancer after endoscopic resection of advanced adenomas with high-grade dysplasia: does location matter? J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 28:703-709. [PMID: 38485589 DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced adenomas (AAs) with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) represent a risk factor for metachronous neoplasia, with guidelines recommending short-interval surveillance. Although the worse prognosis of proximal (vs distal) colon cancers (CCs) is established, there is paucity of evidence on the impact of laterality on the risk of subsequent neoplasia for these AAs. METHODS Adults with HGD adenomas undergoing polypectomy were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2000-2019). Cumulative incidence of malignancy was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Fine-Gray models assessed the effect of patient and disease characteristics on CC incidence. RESULTS Of 3199 patients, 26% had proximal AAs. A total of 65 cases of metachronous adenocarcinoma were identified after polypectomy of 35 proximal and 30 distal adenomas with HGD. The 10-year cumulative incidence of CC was 2.3%; when stratified by location, it was 4.8% for proximal vs 1.4% for distal adenomas. Proximal location was significantly associated with increased incidence of metachronous cancer (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.32; 95% CI, 2.05-5.38). CONCLUSION Proximal location of AAs with HGD was associated with >3-fold increased incidence of metachronous CC and shorter time to diagnosis. These data suggest laterality should be considered in the treatment and follow-up of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Boatman
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Julia Kohn
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Sarah L Mott
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Wolfgang B Gaertner
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States; Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Robert D Madoff
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States; Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Genevieve B Melton
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States; Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Aasma Shaukat
- Department of Gastroenterology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Imran Hassan
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Paolo Goffredo
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States; Department of Gastroenterology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, United States.
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3
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Sullivan BA, Lieberman DA. Colon Polyp Surveillance: Separating the Wheat From the Chaff. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:743-757. [PMID: 38224860 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.11.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
One goal of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is to prevent CRC incidence by removing precancerous colonic polyps, which are detected in up to 50% of screening examinations. Yet, the lifetime risk of CRC is 3.9%-4.3%, so it is clear that most of these individuals with polyps would not develop CRC in their lifetime. It is, therefore, a challenge to determine which individuals with polyps will benefit from follow-up, and at what intervals. There is some evidence that individuals with advanced polyps, based on size and histology, benefit from intensive surveillance. However, a large proportion of individuals will have small polyps without advanced histologic features (ie, "nonadvanced"), where the benefits of surveillance are uncertain and controversial. Demand for surveillance will further increase as more polyps are detected due to increased screening uptake, recent United States recommendations to expand screening to younger individuals, and emergence of polyp detection technology. We review the current understanding and clinical implications of the natural history, biology, and outcomes associated with various categories of colon polyps based on size, histology, and number. Our aims are to highlight key knowledge gaps, specifically focusing on certain categories of polyps that may not be associated with future CRC risk, and to provide insights to inform research priorities and potential management strategies. Optimization of CRC prevention programs based on updated knowledge about the future risks associated with various colon polyps is essential to ensure cost-effective screening and surveillance, wise use of resources, and inform efforts to personalize recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Sullivan
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - David A Lieberman
- Portland Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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4
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Chang A, Prabhala S, Daneshkhah A, Lin J, Subramanian H, Roy HK, Backman V. Early screening of colorectal cancer using feature engineering with artificial intelligence-enhanced analysis of nanoscale chromatin modifications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7808. [PMID: 38565871 PMCID: PMC10987630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Colonoscopy is accurate but inefficient for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention due to the low (~ 7 to 8%) prevalence of target lesions, advanced adenomas. We leveraged rectal mucosa to identify patients who harbor CRC field carcinogenesis by evaluating chromatin 3D architecture. Supranucleosomal disordered chromatin chains (~ 5 to 20 nm, ~1 kbp) fold into chromatin packing domains (~ 100 to 200 nm, ~ 100 to 1000 kbp). In turn, the fractal-like conformation of DNA within chromatin domains and the folding of the genome into packing domains has been shown to influence multiple facets of gene transcription, including the transcriptional plasticity of cancer cells. We deployed an optical spectroscopic nanosensing technique, chromatin-sensitive partial wave spectroscopic microscopy (csPWS), to evaluate the packing density scaling D of the chromatin chain conformation within packing domains from rectal mucosa in 256 patients with varying degrees of progression to colorectal cancer. We found average packing scaling D of chromatin domains was elevated in tumor cells, histologically normal-appearing cells 4 cm proximal to the tumor, and histologically normal-appearing rectal mucosa compared to cells from control patients (p < 0.001). Nuclear D had a robust correlation with the model of 5-year risk of CRC with r2 = 0.94. Furthermore, rectal D was evaluated as a screening biomarker for patients with advanced adenomas presenting an AUC of 0.85 and 85% sensitivity and specificity. artificial intelligence-enhanced csPWS improved diagnostic performance with AUC = 0.90. Considering the low sensitivity of existing CRC tests, including liquid biopsies, to early-stage cancers our work highlights the potential of chromatin biomarkers of field carcinogenesis in detecting early, significant precancerous colon lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sravya Prabhala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ali Daneshkhah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- NanoCytomics, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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5
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Stańkowska W, Sarkisyan D, Bruhn-Olszewska B, Duzowska K, Bieńkowski M, Jąkalski M, Wójcik-Zalewska M, Davies H, Drężek-Chyła K, Pęksa R, Harazin-Lechowska A, Ambicka A, Przewoźnik M, Adamczyk A, Sasim K, Makarewicz W, Matuszewski M, Biernat W, Järhult JD, Lipcsey M, Hultström M, Frithiof R, Jaszczyński J, Ryś J, Genovese G, Piotrowski A, Filipowicz N, Dumanski JP. Tumor Predisposing Post-Zygotic Chromosomal Alterations in Bladder Cancer-Insights from Histologically Normal Urothelium. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:961. [PMID: 38473323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is the 10th most common cancer with a low survival rate and strong male bias. We studied the field cancerization in BLCA using multi-sample- and multi-tissue-per-patient protocol for sensitive detection of autosomal post-zygotic chromosomal alterations and loss of chromosome Y (LOY). We analysed 277 samples of histologically normal urothelium, 145 tumors and 63 blood samples from 52 males and 15 females, using the in-house adapted Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations (MoChA) pipeline. This approach allows identification of the early aberrations in urothelium from BLCA patients. Overall, 45% of patients exhibited at least one alteration in at least one normal urothelium sample. Recurrence analysis resulted in 16 hotspots composed of either gains and copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) or deletions and CN-LOH, encompassing well-known and new BLCA cancer driver genes. Conservative assessment of LOY showed 29%, 27% and 18% of LOY-cells in tumors, blood and normal urothelium, respectively. We provide a proof of principle that our approach can characterize the earliest alterations preconditioning normal urothelium to BLCA development. Frequent LOY in blood and urothelium-derived tissues suggest its involvement in BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Stańkowska
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Daniil Sarkisyan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bożena Bruhn-Olszewska
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Duzowska
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Bieńkowski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Jąkalski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wójcik-Zalewska
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hanna Davies
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kinga Drężek-Chyła
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Pęksa
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Harazin-Lechowska
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ambicka
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Przewoźnik
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamczyk
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karol Sasim
- Clinic of Urology and Oncological Urology, Specialist Hospital of Kościerzyna, Piechowskiego 36, 83-400 Kościerzyna, Poland
| | - Wojciech Makarewicz
- Clinic of General and Oncological Surgery, Specialist Hospital of Kościerzyna, Piechowskiego 36, 83-400 Kościerzyna, Poland
| | - Marcin Matuszewski
- Department and Clinic of Urology, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Josef D Järhult
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miklós Lipcsey
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Hultström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janusz Jaszczyński
- Department of Urology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Ryś
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Kraków, Poland
| | - Giulio Genovese
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Filipowicz
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan P Dumanski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
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Levra Levron C, Elettrico L, Duval C, Piacenti G, Proserpio V, Donati G. Bridging tissue repair and epithelial carcinogenesis: epigenetic memory and field cancerization. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-023-01254-6. [PMID: 38228801 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The epigenome coordinates spatial-temporal specific gene expression during development and in adulthood, for the maintenance of homeostasis and upon tissue repair. The upheaval of the epigenetic landscape is a key event in the onset of many pathologies including tumours, where epigenetic changes cooperate with genetic aberrations to establish the neoplastic phenotype and to drive cell plasticity during its evolution. DNA methylation, histone modifiers and readers or other chromatin components are indeed often altered in cancers, such as carcinomas that develop in epithelia. Lining the surfaces and the cavities of our body and acting as a barrier from the environment, epithelia are frequently subjected to acute or chronic tissue damages, such as mechanical injuries or inflammatory episodes. These events can activate plasticity mechanisms, with a deep impact on cells' epigenome. Despite being very effective, tissue repair mechanisms are closely associated with tumour onset. Here we review the similarities between tissue repair and carcinogenesis, with a special focus on the epigenetic mechanisms activated by cells during repair and opted by carcinoma cells in multiple epithelia. Moreover, we discuss the recent findings on inflammatory and wound memory in epithelia and describe the epigenetic modifications that characterise them. Finally, as wound memory in epithelial cells promotes carcinogenesis, we highlight how it represents an early step for the establishment of field cancerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Levra Levron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Elettrico
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Carlotta Duval
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Piacenti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Proserpio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Giacomo Donati
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
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Atallah O, Almealawy YF, Awuah WA, Conti A, Chaurasia B. Is simultaneous occurrence of meningioma and glioblastoma a mere coincidence? Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 236:108099. [PMID: 38215500 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.108099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is extremely unusual for multiple tumors to arise from different cell types and occur at the same time inside the brain. It is still unknown whether or not the coexistence of meningioma and glioblastoma is connected in any way or if their simultaneous appearance is merely a coincidence. OBJECTIVE We conduct a comprehensive literature review on cases of concurrent meningioma and glioblastoma occurrence to elucidate the underlying concepts that may constitute this coexistence. METHODS We searched for articles on the topic of glioblastoma coexisting with meningioma in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. First, the initial literature searches were conducted for study selection and the data collection processes. After evaluating the title and abstract, the papers were selected. RESULTS We analyzed 21 studies describing 23 patients who had both glioblastoma and meningioma. There were ten male patients (47.6 %) and thirteen female patients (61.9 %). The mean age of patients at diagnosis was 61 years old (the range 30 to 86). In 17 cases, both tumors were in the same hemisphere (80.9 %). In 5 cases, they were in the other hemisphere (23.8 %), and in one case, the glioblastoma was in the left hemisphere and the olfactory meningioma was In 5 cases, they were in the other hemisphere (23.8 %), and in one case, the glioblastoma was in the left hemisphere and the olfactory meningioma was in the anterior cranial fossa. In 61.9 % of cases, headache was the predominant symptom. CONCLUSION Understanding the unique challenges posed by the coexistence of glioblastoma and meningioma is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms and genetic factors involved in this rare occurrence could pave the way for personalized therapies tailored to each patient's specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oday Atallah
- Departemnt of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Yasser F Almealawy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq; Department of Neurosurgery,Global Neurosurgical Alliance, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | | | - Alfredo Conti
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum Universit_a di Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bipin Chaurasia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Clinic, Birgunj, Nepal.
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8
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Strandgaard T, Nordentoft I, Birkenkamp-Demtröder K, Salminen L, Prip F, Rasmussen J, Andreasen TG, Lindskrog SV, Christensen E, Lamy P, Knudsen M, Steiniche T, Jensen JB, Dyrskjøt L. Field Cancerization Is Associated with Tumor Development, T-cell Exhaustion, and Clinical Outcomes in Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol 2024; 85:82-92. [PMID: 37718188 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Field cancerization is characterized by areas of normal tissue affected by mutated clones. Bladder field cancerization may explain the development and recurrence of bladder cancer and may be associated with treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the predictive and prognostic roles of field cancerization in patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted comprehensive genomic and proteomic analyses for 751 bladder biopsies and 234 urine samples from 136 patients with NMIBC. The samples were collected at multiple time points during the disease course. Field cancerization in normal-appearing bladder biopsies was measured using deep-targeted sequencing and error correction models. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Endpoints included the rates of recurrence and progression. Cox regression and Wilcoxon rank-sum and Fisher's exact tests were used. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS A high level of field cancerization was associated with high tumor mutational burden (p = 0.007), high tumor neoantigen load (p = 0.029), and high tumor-associated CD8 T-cell exhaustion (p = 0.017). In addition, high field cancerization was associated with worse short-term outcomes (p = 0.029). Nonsynonymous mutations in bladder cancer-associated genes such as KDM6A, ARID1A, and TP53 were identified as early disease drivers already found in normal-appearing bladder biopsies. Urinary tumor DNA (utDNA) levels reflected the bladder tumor burden and originated from tumors and field cancerization. High levels of utDNA after BCG were associated with worse clinical outcomes (p = 0.027) and with disease progression (p = 0.003). High field cancerization resulted in high urinary levels of proteins associated with angiogenesis and proliferation. Limitations include variation in the number of biopsies and time points analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Field cancerization levels are associated with tumor development, immune responses, and clinical outcomes. utDNA measurements can be used to monitor disease status and treatment response. PATIENT SUMMARY Molecular changes in the tissue lining the bladder result in tumor recurrence. Urinary measurements may be used to monitor bladder cancer status and treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Strandgaard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Iver Nordentoft
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Karin Birkenkamp-Demtröder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Liina Salminen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Frederik Prip
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tine Ginnerup Andreasen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sia Viborg Lindskrog
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emil Christensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Philippe Lamy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Michael Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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9
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Marano L. Dual primary gastric and colorectal cancer: A complex challenge in surgical oncology. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:2049-2052. [PMID: 38173432 PMCID: PMC10758648 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i12.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay of colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC) as dual primary malignancies presents a significant challenge in surgical oncology. CRC is the most common secondary malignancy in GC patients, and vice versa, evidence highlighted by advances in diagnostic procedures and therapy modalities that impact patient survival. A recent study titled "Features of synchronous and metachronous dual primary gastric and colorectal cancer" explores this enigmatic dual malignancy, uncovering crucial insights into the clinical characteristics and prognostic distinctions between synchronous and metachronous presentations. Notably, metachronous cases with a second primary cancer discovered more than six months after the first diagnosis have a better outcome, emphasizing the importance of early detection and treatment. This study underscores the prognostic role of GC stage in patient outcomes. It also sheds light on the complexities faced by synchronous cases, often presenting with unresectable CRC. Surgery-related procedures, like gastrectomy and colon resection, stand out as important predictors of increased survival, necessitating a reevaluation of current therapeutic approaches. A tailored and patient-centered strategy, considering the health of each patient individually and the feasibility of radical treatments, is essential. Continuous follow-up and monitoring are crucial as most second primary cancers arise within five years. In conclusion, early diagnosis, surgical intervention, and watchful surveillance are pivotal in managing dual primary gastric and colorectal cancer patients. Since the incidence of gastric and colorectal cancers continues to rise, the imperative need for further research, ideally with larger sample sizes, becomes evident in our pursuit of comprehensive insights that will refine clinical approaches for this intricate dual malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marano
- Medical Department, Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences - Akademia Medycznych i Społecznych Nauk Stosowanych, Elbląg 82-300, Poland
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Sun D, Gong L, Wang X, Chen S, Yi J, Liu X. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Promote the Occurrence and Development of Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting miR-615-5p. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1854-1864. [PMID: 37300504 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) may be prone to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), but there is still a poor understanding of the underlying mechanism so far. This study intended to clarify the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and miR-615-5p in this process. METHODS This experiment first detected miR-615-5p expressions in paraffin-embedded sections of colonic tissues from patients with UC and CAC. Then, we investigated the mechanism through which pro-inflammatory cytokines affected miR-615-5p. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro tests were performed to identify how miR-615-5p affected colorectal cancer (CRC). Dual-luciferase reporter assay was then employed to identify the targeting relationship between miR-615-5p and stanniocalcin-1 (STC1). RESULTS The miR-615-5p was lowly expressed in both cancerous and noncancerous colonic tissues of patients with CAC. Pro-inflammatory cytokines downregulated miR-615-5p expression. Overexpression of miR-615-5p reduced the proliferation and migration of CRC cells and had a certain therapeutic effect on in human CRC xenograft mice. Stanniocalcin-1 was identified to be a target gene of miR-615-5p and was involved in the effect of miR-615-5p on CRC. CONCLUSIONS During the progression from UC to CAC, pro-inflammatory cytokines downregulate miR-615-5p, which may induce the upregulation of STC1, and promote the occurrence and development of tumors. These findings offer new insights into the mechanism of CAC and may indicate novel tumor markers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingqi Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuijiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Su S, Ray JC, Ooi C, Jain M. Pathology of MRI and second-look ultrasound detected multifocal breast cancer. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:1840-1845. [PMID: 37890095 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2273897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeted second-look ultrasound (US) is often performed following MRI of the breast to determine if an MRI-detected lesion is visible on US and thus amenable to US-guided biopsy. This study aimed to assess the pathology of lesions detected and biopsied on the second-look US. In particular, for multifocal cancers, whether the pathology of additional lesions detected by second-look US is different to the index lesion. METHODS Multicentre single-institution retrospective study of 300 consecutive cases of second-look US biopsies from August 2017 to April 2022 was performed, with their histopathology and imaging characteristics recorded. For multifocal cancers, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests were used to compare differences between the index and additional lesions in the histopathology category (i.e., high-risk benign, precursor or malignant) and BRE grade. RESULTS 69 multifocal cancers were detected. For the purposes of this study, additional lesions were considered more invasive if they were of a higher histopathological category or BRE grade, or demonstrated lymphovascular invasion when the primary lesion did not. 15/69 additional lesions were not seen on the initial mammogram/tomography or ultrasound, seen on subsequent MRI and second look US, and were less invasive than the index lesion. 3/69 additional lesions were more invasive than their index lesions. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test showed additional lesions were of either similar or lesser invasiveness compared to index lesions (z= -3.207, p = 0.001) in the histopathological category, and the same or lower BRE grade (z= -2.972, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION In multifocal breast cancers, additional lesions detected on MRI and second-look US have the same or less invasive histopathology compared to the index lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Su
- Monash I-Med Radiology, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason C Ray
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Neurosciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Corinne Ooi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
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12
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Lin YJ, Chen HX, Zhang FX, Hu XS, Huang HJ, Lu JH, Cheng YZ, Peng JS, Lian L. Features of synchronous and metachronous dual primary gastric and colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1864-1873. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i11.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies evaluating the characteristics of dual primary gastric and colorectal cancer (CRC) (DPGCC) are limited.
AIM To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of synchronous and metachronous cancers in patients with DPGCC.
METHODS From October 2010 to August 2021, patients with DPGCC were retrospectively reviewed. The patients with DPGCC were divided into two groups (synchronous and metachronous). We compared the overall survival (OS) between the groups using Kaplan-Meier survival methods. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Cox’s proportional hazards model to identify the independent prognostic factors for OS.
RESULTS Of the 76 patients with DPGCC, 46 and 30 had synchronous and metachronous cancers, respectively. The proportion of unresectable CRC in patients with synchronous cancers was higher than that in patients with metachronous cancers (28.3% vs 3.3%, P = 0.015). The majority of the second primary cancers had occurred within 5 years. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the patients with metachronous cancers had a better prognosis than patients with synchronous cancers (P = 0.010). The patients who had undergone gastrectomy (P < 0.001) or CRC resection (P < 0.001) had a better prognosis than those who had not. In the multivariate analysis, synchronous cancer [hazard ratio (HR) = 6.8, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 2.0-22.7, P = 0.002)] and stage III-IV gastric cancer (GC) [HR = 10.0, 95%CI: 3.4-29.5, P < 0.001)] were risk prognostic factor for OS, while patients who underwent gastrectomy was a protective prognostic factor for OS [HR = 0.2, 95%CI: 0.1-0.6, P = 0.002].
CONCLUSION Regular surveillance for metachronous cancer is necessary during postoperative follow-up. Surgical resection is the mainstay of therapy to improve the prognosis of DPGCC. The prognosis appears to be influenced by the stage of GC rather than the stage of CRC. Patients with synchronous cancer have a worse prognosis, and its treatment strategy is worth further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jia Lin
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Xian Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng-Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Juan Huang
- Follow-up office, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Hua Lu
- Follow-up office, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ye-Zi Cheng
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Peng
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Lian
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
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Chang A, Prabhala S, Daneshkhah A, Lin J, Subramanian H, Roy HK, Backman V. Early screening of colorectal cancer using feature engineering with artificial intelligence-enhanced analysis of nanoscale chromatin modifications. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3500134. [PMID: 37961494 PMCID: PMC10635400 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3500134/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Colonoscopy is accurate but inefficient for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention due to the low (~ 7-8%) prevalence of target lesions, advanced adenomas. We leveraged rectal mucosa to identify patients who harbor CRC field carcinogenesis by evaluating chromatin 3D architecture. Supranucleosomal disordered chromatin chains (~ 5-20 nm, ~ 1 kbp) fold into chromatin packing domains (~ 100-200 nm, ~ 100-1,000 kbp). In turn, the fractal-like conformation of DNA within chromatin domains and the folding of the genome into packing domains has been shown to influence multiple facets of gene transcription, including the transcriptional plasticity of cancer cells. We deployed an optical spectroscopic nanosensing technique, chromatin-sensitive partial wave spectroscopic microscopy (csPWS), to evaluate the packing density scaling D of the chromatin chain conformation within packing domains from rectal mucosa in 256 patients with varying degrees of progression to colorectal cancer. We found average packing scaling D of chromatin domains was elevated in tumor cells, histologically normal-appearing cells 4 cm proximal to the tumor, and histologically normal-appearing rectal mucosa compared to cells from control patients (p < 0.001). Nuclear D had a robust correlation with the model of 5-year risk of CRC with r2 = 0.94. Furthermore, rectal D was evaluated as a screening biomarker for patients with advanced adenomas presenting an AUC of 0.85 and 85% sensitivity and specificity. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enhanced csPWS improved diagnostic performance with AUC = 0.90. Considering the low sensitivity of existing CRC tests, including liquid biopsies, to early-stage cancers our work highlights the potential of chromatin biomarkers of field carcinogenesis in detecting early, significant precancerous colon lesions.
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Chang A, Prabhala S, Daneshkhah A, Lin J, Subramanian H, Roy HK, Backman V. Early screening of colorectal cancer using feature engineering with artificial intelligence-enhanced analysis of nanoscale chromatin modifications. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.30.23297790. [PMID: 37961299 PMCID: PMC10635240 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.23297790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Colonoscopy is accurate but inefficient for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention due to the low (~7-8%) prevalence of target lesions, advanced adenomas. We leveraged rectal mucosa to identify patients who harbor CRC field carcinogenesis by evaluating chromatin 3D architecture. Supranucleosomal disordered chromatin chains (~5-20 nm, ~1 kbp) fold into chromatin packing domains (~100-200 nm, ~100-1,000 kbp). In turn, the fractal-like conformation of DNA within chromatin domains and the folding of the genome into packing domains has been shown to influence multiple facets of gene transcription, including the transcriptional plasticity of cancer cells. We deployed an optical spectroscopic nanosensing technique, chromatin-sensitive partial wave spectroscopic microscopy (csPWS), to evaluate the packing density scaling D of the chromatin chain conformation within packing domains from rectal mucosa in 256 patients with varying degrees of progression to colorectal cancer. We found average packing scaling D of chromatin domains was elevated in tumor cells, histologically normal-appearing cells 4 cm proximal to the tumor, and histologically normal-appearing rectal mucosa compared to cells from control patients (p<0.001). Nuclear D had a robust correlation with the model of 5-year risk of CRC with r2=0.94. Furthermore, rectal D was evaluated as a screening biomarker for patients with advanced adenomas presenting an AUC of 0.85 and 85% sensitivity and specificity. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enhanced csPWS improved diagnostic performance with AUC=0.90. Considering the low sensitivity of existing CRC tests, including liquid biopsies, to early-stage cancers our work highlights the potential of chromatin biomarkers of field carcinogenesis in detecting early, significant precancerous colon lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sravya Prabhala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ali Daneshkhah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- NanoCytomics, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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15
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Xing W, Li X, Zhou Y, Li M, Zhu M. Lactate metabolic pathway regulates tumor cell metastasis and its use as a new therapeutic target. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2023:541-559. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal energy metabolism is one of the ten hallmarks of tumors, and tumor cell metabolism provides energy and a suitable microenvironment for tumorigenesis and metastasis. Tumor cells can consume large amounts of glucose and produce large amounts of lactate through glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen, a process called aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect. Lactate is the end product of the aerobic glycolysis. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which is highly expressed in cancer cells, promotes lactate production and transports lactate to the tumor microenvironment and is taken up by surrounding stromal cells under the action of monocarboxylate transporter 1/4 (MCT1/4), which in turn influences the immune response and enhances the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Therapeutic strategies targeting lactate metabolism have been intensively investigated, focusing on its metastasis-promoting properties and various target inhibitors; AZD3965, an MCT1 inhibitor, has entered phase I clinical trials, and the LDHA inhibitor N-hydroxyindole (NHI) has shown cancer therapeutic activity in pre-clinical studies. Interventions targeting lactate metabolism are emerging as a promising option for cancer therapy, with chemotherapy or radiotherapy combined with lactate-metabolism-targeted drugs adding to the effectiveness of cancer treatment. Based on current research, this article outlines the role of lactate metabolism in tumor metastasis and the potential value of inhibitors targeting lactate metabolism in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimei Xing
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Yuli Zhou
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Mengsen Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China; Institution of Tumour, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Mingyue Zhu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
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16
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Daneshkhah A, Prabhala S, Viswanathan P, Subramanian H, Lin J, Chang AS, Bharat A, Roy HK, Backman V. Early detection of lung cancer using artificial intelligence-enhanced optical nanosensing of chromatin alterations in field carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13702. [PMID: 37608214 PMCID: PMC10444865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Supranucleosomal chromatin structure, including chromatin domain conformation, is involved in the regulation of gene expression and its dysregulation has been associated with carcinogenesis. Prior studies have shown that cells in the buccal mucosa carry a molecular signature of lung cancer among the cigarette-smoking population, the phenomenon known as field carcinogenesis or field of injury. Thus, we hypothesized that chromatin structural changes in buccal mucosa can be predictive of lung cancer. However, the small size of the chromatin chain (approximately 20 nm) folded into chromatin packing domains, themselves typically below 300 nm in diameter, preclude the detection of alterations in intradomain chromatin conformation using diffraction-limited optical microscopy. In this study, we developed an optical spectroscopic statistical nanosensing technique to detect chromatin packing domain changes in buccal mucosa as a lung cancer biomarker: chromatin-sensitive partial wave spectroscopic microscopy (csPWS). Artificial intelligence (AI) was applied to csPWS measurements of chromatin alterations to enhance diagnostic performance. Our AI-enhanced buccal csPWS nanocytology of 179 patients at two clinical sites distinguished Stage-I lung cancer versus cancer-free controls with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.92 ± 0.06 for Site 1 (in-state location) and 0.82 ± 0.11 for Site 2 (out-of-state location).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Daneshkhah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sravya Prabhala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- NanoCytomics, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Canning Thoracic Institute, Northwestern University, 420 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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Emiloju OE, Saberzadeh-Ardestani B, Sinicrope FA. Synchronous Neoplasia Rates at Colonoscopic Diagnosis of Early-Onset vs Average-Onset Colorectal Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2324038. [PMID: 37462969 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.24038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) (age, <50 years) continues to increase globally within high-income countries. Objective To examine and compare rates of synchronous neoplasia found in patients at colonoscopic diagnosis of early-onset CRC with rates found at diagnosis of average-onset CRC. Design, Setting, and Participants In this multisite retrospective and cross-sectional study conducted at Mayo Clinic sites and in the Mayo Clinic Health System from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022, 150 randomly selected patients with early-onset CRC were identified from the electronic health record and matched with 150 patients with average-onset CRC based on sex and colonoscopic indication. Patients with known hereditary syndromes, past history of CRC, or inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. Main Outcomes and Measures Colonoscopic findings (polyp size, number, site) and related histopathologic findings (adenoma, advanced adenoma, sessile serrated polyp) were analyzed in association with cancer clinicopathologic features and molecular data (mismatch repair status, KRAS, and BRAFV600E). Results Among 300 patients (156 men [52%]), the median age at diagnosis was 43 years (IQR, 39-47 years) for those with early-onset CRC and 67 years (IQR, 57-76) for those with average-onset CRC. Overall, 85% of patients were symptomatic at CRC diagnosis. Cancer stage, grade, molecular features, body mass index, and family history did not differ significantly between these groups. Among patients with colon cancer, the overall prevalence of synchronous neoplasia was similar, yet advanced adenomas were 3 times more frequent in those with early-onset vs average-onset cancers (31 of 75 [41%] vs 10 of 75 [13%]; P < .001). This difference was not associated with cancer stage or primary location. Among patients with rectal cancer, nonadvanced adenomas were less frequent among the early-onset group than the average-onset group (21 of 75 [28%] vs 36 of 75 [48%]), and although the prevalence of advanced adenomas was similar (11 of 75 [15%] vs 14 of 75 [19%]), they were more commonly located in the rectum (early onset, 5 of 11 [45%] vs average onset, 1 of 14 [7%]). Patients with early-onset cancer of the colon were significantly more likely than those with early-onset cancer of the rectum to have a synchronous advanced adenoma (31 of 75 [41%] vs 11 of 75 [15%]; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, synchronous advanced adenomas were more commonly found in patients with early-onset colon cancer compared with average-onset colon cancer, and they were distributed throughout the colon. In contrast, advanced adenomas were not increased in patients with rectal cancer and, when detected, were predominantly located in the rectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadunni E Emiloju
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department Oncology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bahar Saberzadeh-Ardestani
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department Oncology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Frank A Sinicrope
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department Oncology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
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Otsuka K, Iwasaki T. Insights into radiation carcinogenesis based on dose-rate effects in tissue stem cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1503-1521. [PMID: 36971595 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2194398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing epidemiological and biological evidence suggests that radiation exposure enhances cancer risk in a dose-dependent manner. This can be attributed to the 'dose-rate effect,' where the biological effect of low dose-rate radiation is lower than that of the same dose at a high dose-rate. This effect has been reported in epidemiological studies and experimental biology, although the underlying biological mechanisms are not completely understood. In this review, we aim to propose a suitable model for radiation carcinogenesis based on the dose-rate effect in tissue stem cells. METHODS We surveyed and summarized the latest studies on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Next, we summarized the radiosensitivity of intestinal stem cells and the role of dose-rate in the modulation of stem-cell dynamics after irradiation. RESULTS Consistently, driver mutations can be detected in most cancers from past to present, supporting the hypothesis that cancer progression is initiated by the accumulation of driver mutations. Recent reports demonstrated that driver mutations can be observed even in normal tissues, which suggests that the accumulation of mutations is a necessary condition for cancer progression. In addition, driver mutations in tissue stem cells can cause tumors, whereas they are not sufficient when they occur in non-stem cells. For non-stem cells, tissue remodeling induced by marked inflammation after the loss of tissue cells is important in addition to the accumulation of mutations. Therefore, the mechanism of carcinogenesis differs according to the cell type and magnitude of stress. In addition, our results indicated that non-irradiated stem cells tend to be eliminated from three-dimensional cultures of intestinal stem cells (organoids) composed of irradiated and non-irradiated stem cells, supporting the stem-cell competition. CONCLUSIONS We propose a unique scheme in which the dose-rate dependent response of intestinal stem cells incorporates the concept of the threshold of stem-cell competition and context-dependent target shift from stem cells to whole tissue. The concept highlights four key issues that should be considered in radiation carcinogenesis: i.e. accumulation of mutations; tissue reconstitution; stem-cell competition; and environmental factors like epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Otsuka
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Iwasaki
- Strategy and Planning Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan
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O'Sullivan T, Tate D, Sidhu M, Gupta S, Elhindi J, Byth K, Cronin O, Whitfield A, Craciun A, Singh R, Brown G, Raftopoulos S, Hourigan L, Moss A, Klein A, Heitman S, Williams S, Lee E, Burgess NG, Bourke MJ. The Surface Morphology of Large Nonpedunculated Colonic Polyps Predicts Synchronous Large Lesions. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:S1542-3565(23)00101-5. [PMID: 36787836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Large (≥20 mm) nonpedunculated colorectal polyps (LNPCPs) may have synchronous LNPCPs in up to 18% of cases. The nature of this relationship has not been investigated. We aimed to examine the relationship between individual LNPCP characteristics and synchronous colonic LNPCPs. METHODS Consecutive patients referred for resection of LNPCPs over 130 months until March 2022 were enrolled. Serrated lesions and mixed granularity LNPCPs were excluded from analysis. Patients with multiple LNPCPs resected were identified, and the largest was labelled as dominant. The primary outcome was the identification of individual lesion characteristics associated with the presence of synchronous LNPCPs. RESULTS There were 3149 of 3381 patients (93.1%) who had a single LNPCP. In 232 (6.9%) a synchronous lesion was detected. Solitary lesions had a median size of 35 mm with a predominant Paris 0-IIa morphology (42.9%) and right colon location (59.5%). In patients with ≥2 LNPCPs, the dominant lesion had a median size of 40 mm, Paris 0-IIa (47.6%) morphology, and right colon location (65.9%). In this group, 35.8% of dominant LNPCPs were non-granular compared with 18.7% in the solitary LNPCP cohort. Non-granular (NG)-LNPCPs were more likely to demonstrate synchronous disease, with left colon NG-LNPCPs demonstrating greater risk (odds ratio, 4.78; 95% confidence interval, 2.95-7.73) than right colon NG-LNPCPs (odds ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-2.86). CONCLUSIONS We found that 6.9% of LNPCPs have synchronous disease, with NG-LNPCPs demonstrating a greater than 4-fold increased risk. With post-colonoscopy interval cancers exceeding 5%, endoscopists must be cognizant of an individual's LNPCP phenotype when examining the colon at both index procedure and surveillance. CLINICALTRIALS gov, NCT01368289; NCT02000141; NCT02198729.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy O'Sullivan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Tate
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium; University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mayenaaz Sidhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sunil Gupta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Elhindi
- WSLHD Research and Education Network, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Byth
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; WSLHD Research and Education Network, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oliver Cronin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Whitfield
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ana Craciun
- Departamento de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rajvinder Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lyell McEwan Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gregor Brown
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Epworth Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Spiro Raftopoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Luke Hourigan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alan Moss
- Department of Endoscopic Services, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amir Klein
- Ambam Heath Care Campus, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Steven Heitman
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen Williams
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Burgess
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J Bourke
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Lam AY, Lee JK, Merchant S, Jensen CD, Sedki M, Corley DA. Biopsy of Non-tumor Sites After Biopsy of a Colorectal Cancer is not Associated With Metachronous Cancers: A Case-control Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:487-496.e3. [PMID: 35644341 PMCID: PMC9699896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent research has demonstrated biologic plausibility for iatrogenic tumor seeding via colonoscopy as a cause of metachronous colorectal cancers (CRC). This study evaluated the association between biopsy of non-tumor sites after CRC biopsy and risk of metachronous CRC in a large community-based health care organization. METHODS This was a retrospective case-control study of adults with an initial CRC diagnosed by colonoscopy between January 2006 and June 2018 who underwent curative resection. Cases developed a second primary (metachronous) CRC diagnosed 6 months to 4 years after the initial CRC, and were matched by age, sex, diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease, race, and ethnicity with up to 5 controls without a second CRC diagnosis. The exposure was biopsy in the colonic segment of the metachronous CRC (or corresponding segment in controls) after tumor biopsy, ascertained with blinding to case status. Associations were evaluated using conditional logistic regression and adjusted for potential cofounders. RESULTS Among 14,119 patients diagnosed with an initial CRC during colonoscopy, 107 received a second CRC diagnosis. After exclusions for recurrent or synchronous CRC, 45 cases and 212 controls were included. There was no significant association between biopsy of non-tumor sites after initial CRC biopsy and risk of metachronous CRC in the segment of the additional biopsy site (adjusted odds ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-6.81). CONCLUSIONS Metachronous cancers are not significantly associated with biopsy of non-tumor sites after biopsy of the primary cancer. Although the sample size does not allow definite exclusion of any association, these findings do not support iatrogenic tumor seeding as a common risk factor for metachronous CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Y Lam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Jeffrey K Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Sophie Merchant
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Christopher D Jensen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Mai Sedki
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
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21
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Gu X, Wang L, Coates PJ, Gnanasundram SV, Sgaramella N, Sörlin J, Erdogan B, Magan M, Nylander K. Evidence for etiologic field changes in tongue distant from tumor in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. J Pathol 2023; 259:93-102. [PMID: 36314576 PMCID: PMC10108103 DOI: 10.1002/path.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a paradigm of Slaughter's concept of field cancerization, where tumors are thought to originate within an area of cells containing genetic alterations that predispose to cancer development. The field size is unclear but may represent a large area of tissue, and the origin of mutations is also unclear. Here, we analyzed whole exome and transcriptome features in contralateral tumor-distal tongue (i.e. distant from the tumor, not tumor-adjacent) and corresponding tumor tissues of 15 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. The number of point mutations ranged from 41 to 237 in tumors and from one to 78 in tumor-distal samples. Tumor-distal samples showed mainly clock-like (associated with aging) or tobacco smoking mutational signatures. Tumors additionally showed mutations that associate with cytidine deaminase AID/APOBEC enzyme activities or a UV-like signature. Importantly, no point mutations were shared between a tumor and the matched tumor-distal sample in any patient. TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene in tumors (67%), whereas a TP53 mutation was detected in only one tumor-distal sample, and this mutation was not shared with the matched tumor. Arm-level copy number variation (CNV) was found in 12 tumors, with loss of chromosome (Chr) 8p or gain of 8q being the most frequent events. Two tumor-distal samples showed a gain of Chr8, which was associated with increased expression of Chr8-located genes in these samples, although gene ontology did not show a role for these genes in oncogenic processes. In situ hybridization revealed a mixed pattern of Chr8 gain and neutral copy number in both tumor cells and adjacent nontumor epithelium in one patient. We conclude that distant field cancerization exists but does not present as tumor-related mutational events. The data are compatible with etiologic field effects, rather than classical monoclonal field cancerization theory. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolian Gu
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lixiao Wang
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Philip J Coates
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Nicola Sgaramella
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sörlin
- Clinical Genetics, Laboratory Medicine, Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Baris Erdogan
- Department of Clinical Sciences/ENT, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mustafa Magan
- Department of Clinical Sciences/ENT, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Nylander
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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22
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Silva de Araujo BE, Markgraf M, de Santana Almeida Araujo IK, Velleuer E, Dietrich R, Pomjanski N, Schramm M. A New Multi-Color FISH Assay for Brush Biopsy-Based Detection of Chromosomal Aneuploidy in Oral (Pre)Cancer in Patients with Fanconi Anemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143468. [PMID: 35884529 PMCID: PMC9319768 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited DNA instability disorder with a remarkably elevated risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma. These cancers can be detected with oral brush biopsy-based cytology even at early stages. This study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of a new multi-color fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay consisting of probes for CCND1, TERC, MYC and centromere of chromosome 6, as well as a 9p21 FISH assay consisting of probes for CDKN2A and centromere of chromosome 9 for the detection of oral (pre) malignant lesions in FA. METHODS (I) Cutoffs for the dichotomization of positive or negative multi-color FISH results are determined and (II) retrospectively validated by using archived oral brush biopsy specimens from individuals with Fanconi anemia. In addition, the specimens for cutoff determination were re-hybridized with the 9p21 FISH assay. RESULTS A cutoff of six or more chromosomal aneuploid cells for a positive FISH result was determined in the cutoff study on 160 biopsy specimens. The validating of this cutoff on 152 specimens showed at best a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 82.9%. CONCLUSION Multi-color FISH is a sufficient tool to detect chromosomal aneuploidy in oral (pre) malignant lesions of individuals with Fanconi anemia. However, some false positive results may hamper the application as an adjuvant method to oral brush biopsy-based cytology in an oral cancer surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Eduardo Silva de Araujo
- Department of Cytopathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (I.K.d.S.A.A.); (E.V.); (N.P.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mona Markgraf
- Department of Cytopathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (I.K.d.S.A.A.); (E.V.); (N.P.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Eunike Velleuer
- Department of Cytopathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (I.K.d.S.A.A.); (E.V.); (N.P.); (M.S.)
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, HELIOS Klinikum, 47805 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Ralf Dietrich
- German Fanconi Anemia Support Group, 59427 Unna, Germany;
| | - Natalia Pomjanski
- Department of Cytopathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (I.K.d.S.A.A.); (E.V.); (N.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Schramm
- Department of Cytopathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (I.K.d.S.A.A.); (E.V.); (N.P.); (M.S.)
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23
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Ito Y, Osakabe M, Niinuma T, Uesugi N, Sugimoto R, Yanagawa N, Otsuka K, Sasaki A, Matsumoto T, Suzuki H, Sugai T. Genome-wide analysis of mRNA and microRNA expression in colorectal cancer and adjacent normal mucosa. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022; 8:313-326. [PMID: 35285580 PMCID: PMC9161315 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
mRNA expression varies in human cancers. Such altered mRNA expression is negatively regulated by the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which play an important role in human tumorigenesis. According to this theory, inverse mRNA/miRNA expression may be a direct driver of cancer development, and certain genetic events may occur prior to the development of any discernible histological abnormalities. We examined the inverse expression between mRNAs and their corresponding miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) and adjacent normal mucosa and performed pathway analysis to identify mRNA/miRNA networks. The cancer samples were divided into first (20 cases) and second (24 cases) cohorts, and 48 samples were obtained from two sections of the normal mucosa adjacent to the tumors from the second cohort. We investigated mRNAs with commonly altered expression in CRC and adjacent normal mucosa using isolated cancer glands and normal crypts from the first cohort, compared with that of distal normal crypts, using an array-based method. As a result, significant inverse correlations between CEACAM1 and miRNA-7114-5p and between AK1 and miRNA-6780-5p were found in CRC and adjacent normal mucosa. We validated these correlations in the second cohort using RT-PCR. To confirm these findings, transfection and immunohistochemical assays were also performed, which verified the inverse correlation between CEACAM1 and miRNA-7114-5p. Our findings suggest that the inverse correlations between the CEACAM1/miRNA-7114-5p and possibly AK1/miRNA-6780-5p pairs play an important role in early CRC development, and may help identify potential molecular targets for early detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Ito
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Osakabe
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Niinuma
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Uesugi
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Ryo Sugimoto
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Koki Otsuka
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
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24
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Ismail M, Prasanna P, Bera K, Statsevych V, Hill V, Singh G, Partovi S, Beig N, McGarry S, Laviolette P, Ahluwalia M, Madabhushi A, Tiwari P. Radiomic Deformation and Textural Heterogeneity (R-DepTH) Descriptor to Characterize Tumor Field Effect: Application to Survival Prediction in Glioblastoma. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2022; 41:1764-1777. [PMID: 35108202 PMCID: PMC9575333 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3148780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The concept of tumor field effect implies that cancer is a systemic disease with its impact way beyond the visible tumor confines. For instance, in Glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor, the increase in intracranial pressure due to tumor burden often leads to brain herniation and poor outcomes. Our work is based on the rationale that highly aggressive tumors tend to grow uncontrollably, leading to pronounced biomechanical tissue deformations in the normal parenchyma, which when combined with local morphological differences in the tumor confines on MRI scans, will comprehensively capture tumor field effect. Specifically, we present an integrated MRI-based descriptor, radiomic-Deformation and Textural Heterogeneity (r-DepTH). This descriptor comprises measurements of the subtle perturbations in tissue deformations throughout the surrounding normal parenchyma due to mass effect. This involves non-rigidly aligning the patients' MRI scans to a healthy atlas via diffeomorphic registration. The resulting inverse mapping is used to obtain the deformation field magnitudes in the normal parenchyma. These measurements are then combined with a 3D texture descriptor, Co-occurrence of Local Anisotropic Gradient Orientations (COLLAGE), which captures the morphological heterogeneity and infiltration within the tumor confines, on MRI scans. In this work, we extensively evaluated r-DepTH for survival risk-stratification on a total of 207 GBM cases from 3 different cohorts (Cohort 1 ( n1 = 53 ), Cohort 2 ( n2 = 75 ), and Cohort 3 ( n3 = 79 )), where each of these three cohorts was used as a training set for our model separately, and the other two cohorts were used for testing, independently, for each training experiment. When employing Cohort 1 for training, r-DepTH yielded Concordance indices (C-indices) of 0.7 and 0.65, hazard ratios (HR) and Confidence Intervals (CI) of 10 (6 - 19) and 5 (3 - 8) on Cohorts 2 and 3, respectively. Similarly, training on Cohort 2 yielded C-indices of 0.6 and 0.7, HR and CI of 1 (0.7 - 2) and 3 (2 - 5) on Cohorts 1 and 3, respectively. Finally, training on Cohort 3 yielded C-indices of 0.75 and 0.63, HR and CI of 24 (10 - 57) and 12 (6 - 21) on Cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Our results show that r-DepTH descriptor may serve as a comprehensive and a robust MRI-based prognostic marker of disease aggressiveness and survival in solid tumors.
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25
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Katsaounou K, Nicolaou E, Vogazianos P, Brown C, Stavrou M, Teloni S, Hatzis P, Agapiou A, Fragkou E, Tsiaoussis G, Potamitis G, Zaravinos A, Andreou C, Antoniades A, Shiammas C, Apidianakis Y. Colon Cancer: From Epidemiology to Prevention. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060499. [PMID: 35736432 PMCID: PMC9229931 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting humans, with a complex genetic and environmental aetiology. Unlike cancers with known environmental, heritable, or sex-linked causes, sporadic CRC is hard to foresee and has no molecular biomarkers of risk in clinical use. One in twenty CRC cases presents with an established heritable component. The remaining cases are sporadic and associated with partially obscure genetic, epigenetic, regenerative, microbiological, dietary, and lifestyle factors. To tackle this complexity, we should improve the practice of colonoscopy, which is recommended uniformly beyond a certain age, to include an assessment of biomarkers indicative of individual CRC risk. Ideally, such biomarkers will be causal to the disease and potentially modifiable upon dietary or therapeutic interventions. Multi-omics analysis, including transcriptional, epigenetic as well as metagenomic, and metabolomic profiles, are urgently required to provide data for risk analyses. The aim of this article is to provide a perspective on the multifactorial derailment of homeostasis leading to the initiation of CRC, which may be explored via multi-omics and Gut-on-Chip analysis to identify much-needed predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Katsaounou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | | | - Paris Vogazianos
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Cameron Brown
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Marios Stavrou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (M.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Savvas Teloni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari 16672, Greece;
| | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus;
| | | | | | | | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus;
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (M.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Athos Antoniades
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Yiorgos Apidianakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Gu S, Qian S, Lin S, Ye D, Li Q, Yang J, Ying X, Li Z, Tang M, Wang J, Chen K, Jin M. Promoter hypermethylation of GALR1 acts as an early epigenetic susceptibility event in colorectal carcinogenesis. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:519-525. [PMID: 35606503 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics play an essential role in colorectal neoplasia process. There is a need to determine the appropriateness of epigenetic biomarkers for early detection as well as expand our understanding of the carcinogenic process. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess how DNA methylation pattern of GALR1 gene evolves in a sample set representing colorectal neoplastic progression. The study was designed into three phases. Firstly, Methylation status of GALR1 was assessed with genome-wide DNA methylation beadchip and pyrosequencing assays in colorectal lesions and paired normal tissues. Then, linear mixed-effects modeling analyses were applied to describe the trend of DNA methylation during the progression of colorectal neoplasia. In the third phase, quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine GALR1 expression in patients with precursor lesion and colorectal cancer. We found that significant hypermethylation of GALR1 promoter was a widely existent modification in CRCs (P < 0.001). When further examined methylation pattern of GALR1 during neoplastic progression of CRC, we found that DNA methylation level of GALR1 showed a significant stepwise increase from normal to hyperplastic polyps, to adenomas and to carcinoma samples (P < 0.001). Besides, loss of mRNA expression is a common accompaniment to adenomas and carcinomas. Public omics data analyses showed an inverse correlation between gene expression and DNA methylation (P < 0.001). Our findings indicate that epigenetic alteration of GALR1 promoter is gradually accumulated during the colorectal neoplastic progression. It can potentially be a promising biomarker used for screening and surveillance of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Gu
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Sangni Qian
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shujuan Lin
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ding Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qilong Li
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 345 Jiefangdong Road, Jiashan, 314100, China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 345 Jiefangdong Road, Jiashan, 314100, China
| | - Xiaojiang Ying
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxingbei Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxingbei Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Mengling Tang
- Department of Public Health, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- Department of Public Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Mingjuan Jin
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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27
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Feddersen UR, Hendel SK, Berner-Hansen MA, Jepps TA, Berner-Hansen M, Bindslev N. Nanomolar EP4 receptor potency and expression of eicosanoid-related enzymes in normal appearing colonic mucosa from patients with colorectal neoplasia. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:234. [PMID: 35549670 PMCID: PMC9097415 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrations in cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways in non-neoplastic, normal appearing mucosa from patients with colorectal neoplasia (CRN), could hypothetically qualify as predisposing CRN-markers. Methods To test this hypothesis, biopsies were obtained during colonoscopy from macroscopically normal colonic mucosa from patients with and without CRN. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors, EP1-4, were examined in Ussing-chambers by exposing biopsies to selective EP receptor agonists, antagonists and PGE2. Furthermore, mRNA expression of EP receptors, prostanoid synthases and LOX enzymes were evaluated with qPCR. Results Data suggest that PGE2 binds to both high and low affinity EP receptors. In particular, PGE2 demonstrated EP4 receptor potency in the low nanomolar range. Similar results were detected using EP2 and EP4 agonists. In CRN patients, mRNA-levels were higher for EP1 and EP2 receptors and for enzymes prostaglandin-I synthase, 5-LOX, 12-LOX and 15-LOX. Conclusions In conclusion, normal appearing colonic mucosa from CRN patients demonstrates deviating expression in eicosanoid pathways, which might indicate a likely predisposition for early CRN development and furthermore that PGE2 potently activates high affinity EP4 receptor subtypes, supporting relevance of testing EP4 antagonists in colorectal neoplasia management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02311-z.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas Andrew Jepps
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mark Berner-Hansen
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, 2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Niels Bindslev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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28
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Ghosh AJ, Hobbs BD, Yun JH, Saferali A, Moll M, Xu Z, Chase RP, Morrow J, Ziniti J, Sciurba F, Barwick L, Limper AH, Flaherty K, Criner G, Brown KK, Wise R, Martinez FJ, McGoldrick D, Cho MH, DeMeo DL, Silverman EK, Castaldi PJ, Hersh CP. Lung tissue shows divergent gene expression between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:97. [PMID: 35449067 PMCID: PMC9026726 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are characterized by shared exposures and clinical features, but distinct genetic and pathologic features exist. These features have not been well-studied using large-scale gene expression datasets. We hypothesized that there are divergent gene, pathway, and cellular signatures between COPD and IPF. METHODS We performed RNA-sequencing on lung tissues from individuals with IPF (n = 231) and COPD (n = 377) compared to control (n = 267), defined as individuals with normal spirometry. We grouped the overlapping differential expression gene sets based on direction of expression and examined the resultant sets for genes of interest, pathway enrichment, and cell composition. Using gene set variation analysis, we validated the overlap group gene sets in independent COPD and IPF data sets. RESULTS We found 5010 genes differentially expressed between COPD and control, and 11,454 genes differentially expressed between IPF and control (1% false discovery rate). 3846 genes overlapped between IPF and COPD. Several pathways were enriched for genes upregulated in COPD and downregulated in IPF; however, no pathways were enriched for genes downregulated in COPD and upregulated in IPF. There were many myeloid cell genes with increased expression in COPD but decreased in IPF. We found that the genes upregulated in COPD but downregulated in IPF were associated with lower lung function in the independent validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS We identified a divergent gene expression signature between COPD and IPF, with increased expression in COPD and decreased in IPF. This signature is associated with worse lung function in both COPD and IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auyon J. Ghosh
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Brian D. Hobbs
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jeong H. Yun
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Aabida Saferali
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Matthew Moll
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Robert P. Chase
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jarrett Morrow
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - John Ziniti
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Frank Sciurba
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Lucas Barwick
- grid.280434.90000 0004 0459 5494The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD USA
| | - Andrew H. Limper
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Kevin Flaherty
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Healthy System, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Gerard Criner
- grid.264727.20000 0001 2248 3398Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Kevin K. Brown
- grid.240341.00000 0004 0396 0728Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO USA
| | - Robert Wise
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Fernando J. Martinez
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Daniel McGoldrick
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Northwest Genomics Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Michael H. Cho
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Dawn L. DeMeo
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Peter J. Castaldi
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Craig P. Hersh
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Gadaleta E, Thorn GJ, Ross-Adams H, Jones LJ, Chelala C. Field cancerization in breast cancer. J Pathol 2022; 257:561-574. [PMID: 35362092 PMCID: PMC9322418 DOI: 10.1002/path.5902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer affects one in seven women worldwide during their lifetime. Widespread mammographic screening programs and education campaigns allow for early detection of the disease, often during its asymptomatic phase. Current practice in treatment and recurrence monitoring is based primarily on pathological evaluations but can also encompass genomic evaluations, both of which focus on the primary tumor. Although breast cancer is one of the most studied cancers, patients still recur at a rate of up to 15% within the first 10 years post‐surgery. Local recurrence was originally attributed to tumor cells contaminating histologically normal (HN) tissues beyond the surgical margin, but advances in technology have allowed for the identification of distinct aberrations that exist in the peri‐tumoral tissues themselves. One leading theory to explain this phenomenon is the field cancerization theory. Under this hypothesis, tumors arise from a field of molecularly altered cells that create a permissive environment for malignant evolution, which can occur with or without morphological changes. The traditional histopathology paradigm dictates that molecular alterations are reflected in the tissue phenotype. However, the spectrum of inter‐patient variability of normal breast tissue may obfuscate recognition of a cancerized field during routine diagnostics. In this review, we explore the concept of field cancerization focusing on HN peri‐tumoral tissues: we present the pathological and molecular features of field cancerization within these tissues and discuss how the use of peri‐tumoral tissues can affect research. Our observations suggest that pathological and molecular evaluations could be used synergistically to assess risk and guide the therapeutic management of patients. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Gadaleta
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graeme J Thorn
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Helen Ross-Adams
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Louise J Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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30
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Iyer DN, Foo DCC, Lo OSH, Wan TMH, Li X, Sin RWY, Pang RWC, Law WL, Ng L. MiR-509-3p is oncogenic, targets the tumor suppressor PHLPP2, and functions as a novel tumor adjacent normal tissue based prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:351. [PMID: 35361144 PMCID: PMC8969217 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently the role of microRNAs has been explored immensely as novel regulators and potential biomarkers in several cancers. MiR-509-3p is one such miRNA that has been observed to show a mixed expression in different cancers, while it’s expression and clinical relevance in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not yet been characterized. Methods We used quantitative PCR to evaluate the expression of miR-509-3p in fresh-frozen CRC tumor tissues and the corresponding tumor-adjacent normal (NAT) tissues from 103 patients. Subsequently, functional studies were performed to further interpret the role of the miRNA in CRC. Results MiR-509-3p was found to be overexpressed in CRC tissues in nearly 80% of cases and was associated with an aggressive disease presentation. Notably, a higher expression of the miRNA promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells in in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, we confirmed that miR-509-3p directly binds the 3’UTR of the tumor suppressor PHLPP2 and inhibits its expression. Furthermore, within the previous 103 clinical tissue specimens, we observed an overexpression of miR-509-3p within the NAT tissue of patients associated with a poor disease prognosis. Using multivariate analysis, it was observed that the expression of miR-509-3p within the NAT tissue was an independent predictor of prognosis in CRC. At the cellular level, through indirect coculture experiments, miR-509-3p was observed to regulate the proliferative, migratory, and invasive behavior of normal colon cells. Conclusion MiR-509-3p strongly contributes to the development and progression of CRC and can potentially function as a prognostic biomarker in the disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-09075-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Narayanan Iyer
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dominic Chi-Chung Foo
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Oswens Siu-Hung Lo
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy Ming-Hun Wan
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan Wai-Yan Sin
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roberta Wen-Chi Pang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Lun Law
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lui Ng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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31
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Katz-Summercorn AC, Jammula S, Frangou A, Peneva I, O'Donovan M, Tripathi M, Malhotra S, di Pietro M, Abbas S, Devonshire G, Januszewicz W, Blasko A, Nowicki-Osuch K, MacRae S, Northrop A, Redmond AM, Wedge DC, Fitzgerald RC. Multi-omic cross-sectional cohort study of pre-malignant Barrett's esophagus reveals early structural variation and retrotransposon activity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1407. [PMID: 35301290 PMCID: PMC8931005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus is a pre-malignant lesion that can progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma. We perform a multi-omic analysis of pre-cancer samples from 146 patients with a range of outcomes, comprising 642 person years of follow-up. Whole genome sequencing reveals complex structural variants and LINE-1 retrotransposons, as well as known copy number changes, occurring even prior to dysplasia. The structural variant burden captures the most variance across the cohort and genomic profiles do not always match consensus clinical pathology dysplasia grades. Increasing structural variant burden is associated with: high levels of chromothripsis and breakage-fusion-bridge events; increased expression of genes related to cell cycle checkpoint, DNA repair and chromosomal instability; and epigenetic silencing of Wnt signalling and cell cycle genes. Timing analysis reveals molecular events triggering genomic instability with more clonal expansion in dysplastic samples. Overall genomic complexity occurs early in the Barrett's natural history and may inform the potential for cancer beyond the clinically discernible phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Katz-Summercorn
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - S Jammula
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - A Frangou
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - I Peneva
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - M O'Donovan
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - M Tripathi
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - S Malhotra
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - M di Pietro
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - S Abbas
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - G Devonshire
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - W Januszewicz
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Blasko
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - K Nowicki-Osuch
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - S MacRae
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - A Northrop
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - A M Redmond
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - D C Wedge
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - R C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
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32
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Brennan P, Davey-Smith G. Identifying Novel Causes of Cancers to Enhance Cancer Prevention: New Strategies Are Needed. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:353-360. [PMID: 34743211 PMCID: PMC8902436 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of cancer from a clinical, societal, and economic viewpoint continues to increase in all parts of the world, along with much debate regarding how to confront this. Projected increases in cancer indicate a 50% increase in the number of cases over the next 2 decades, with the greatest proportional increase in low- and medium-income settings. In contrast to the historic high cancer burden due to viral and bacterial infections in these regions, future increases are expected to be due to cancers linked to westernization including breast, colorectum, lung, and prostate cancer. Identifying the reasons underlying these increases will be paramount to informing prevention efforts. Evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies conducted in high-income countries over the last 70 years has led to the conclusion that approximately 40% of the cancer burden is explained by known risk factors-the 2 most important being tobacco and obesity in that order-raising the question of what is driving the rest of the cancer burden. International cancer statistics continue to show that approximately 80% of the cancer burden in high-income countries could be preventable in principle, implying that there are important environmental or lifestyle risk factors for cancer that have not yet been discovered. Emerging genomic evidence from population and experimental studies points to an important role for nonmutagenic promoters in driving cancer incidence rates. New research strategies and infrastructures that combine population-based and laboratory research at a global level are required to break this deadlock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Genomic Epidemiology Branch, Lyon, France
| | - George Davey-Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol, UK
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33
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Nguyen-Tran BS, Tran-Thi NP, Ngo QT, LE-Trong L, Nguyen-Thanh T, Dang-Cong T. Synchronous esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: A rare case report. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:863-868. [PMID: 35059090 PMCID: PMC8760396 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple primary malignancies in general and synchronous cancers, in particular, are relatively rare but have increased in recent decades. We report a case of a 62-year-old Vietnamese male who visited our hospital with the chief symptom was mild dysphagia. An irregular lesion causing the total luminal obstruction was detected at the low third part of the esophagus via endoscopy and two suspicious nodules in the segment V of the liver were incidentally encountered through the Computed tomography (CT). Multiple biopsies from the lesions were then performed. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry results demonstrated Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and Hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver, which verified the existence of synchronous cancers in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Song Nguyen-Tran
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Pathology and Forensic, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam
| | - Nam-Phuong Tran-Thi
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Pathology and Forensic, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam
| | - Quy-Tran Ngo
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Pathology and Forensic, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam
| | - Lan LE-Trong
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Pathology and Forensic, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam
| | - Tung Nguyen-Thanh
- Faculty of Basic Science, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam.,Institute of Biomedicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam
| | - Thuan Dang-Cong
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Pathology and Forensic, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam
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Abdelwhab A, Shaker O, Aggour RL. Expression of Mucin1 in saliva in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders (case control study). Oral Dis 2022; 29:1487-1494. [PMID: 35080082 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overexpression of mucin1 is found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with adjacent non-neoplastic tissues and higher levels are associated with metastasis and invasion. The expression level of mucin1 in saliva of normal individuals, oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and its correlation to clinical and histological variables was evaluated. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty oral potentially malignant disorders, 40 oral squamous cell carcinoma subjects, and 20 age matched-controls were included. Stimulated salivary samples were collected from all participants, and mucin1 expression was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS Mucin1 expression in saliva was significantly elevated in oral potentially malignant disorders when compared with controls. Similarly, mucin1 expression was significantly elevated in oral squamous cell carcinoma group when compared with oral potentially malignant disorders and controls. Mucin1 expression in OSCC patient showed significant positive correlations with T classification and distant Metastasis. Mucin1 expression in oral potentially malignant disorders patients showed significant positive correlations with degree of dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS The expression level of mucin1 in saliva might be a potential biomarker for diagnosing oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Abdelwhab
- Lecturer of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Periodontology Faculty of dentistry‐ October 6 University
| | - Olfat Shaker
- Professor of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University
| | - Reham Lotfy Aggour
- Associate Professor of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Periodontology Faculty of dentistry ‐ October 6 University
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35
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Zhao Q, Wongpoomchai R, Chariyakornkul A, Xiao Z, Pilapong C. Identification of Gene-Set Signature in Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Relevant Immune Characteristics. Front Oncol 2021; 11:740484. [PMID: 34745960 PMCID: PMC8570321 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.740484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rising worldwide, and there is limited therapeutic efficacy due to tumor microenvironment heterogeneity and difficulty in early-stage screening. This study aimed to develop and validate a gene set-based signature for early-stage HCC (eHCC) patients and further explored specific marker dysregulation mechanisms as well as immune characteristics. Methods We performed an integrated bioinformatics analysis of genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical data with three independent cohorts. We systematically reviewed the crosstalk between specific genes, tumor prognosis, immune characteristics, and biological function in the different pathological stage samples. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) patients with survival data. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC in Wistar rats was employed to verify the reliability of the predictions. Results We identified a Cluster gene that potentially segregates patients with eHCC from non-tumor, through integrated analysis of expression, overall survival, immune cell characteristics, and biology function landscapes. Immune infiltration analysis showed that lower infiltration of specific immune cells may be responsible for significantly worse prognosis in HCC (hazard ratio, 1.691; 95% CI: 1.171–2.441; p = 0.012), such as CD8 Tem and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in eHCC. Our results identified that Cluster C1 signature presented a high accuracy in predicting CD8 Tem and CTL immune cells (receiver operating characteristic (ROC) = 0.647) and cancerization (ROC = 0.946) in liver. As a central member of Cluster C1, overexpressed PRKDC was associated with the higher genetic alteration in eHCC than advanced-stage HCC (aHCC), which was also connected to immune cell-related poor prognosis. Finally, the predictive outcome of Cluster C1 and PRKDC alteration in DEN-induced eHCC rats was also confirmed. Conclusions As a tumor prognosis-relevant gene set-based signature, Cluster C1 showed an effective approach to predict cancerization of eHCC and its related immune characteristics with considerable clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Zhao
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging (CEMI), Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Arpamas Chariyakornkul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chalermchai Pilapong
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging (CEMI), Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Rohan TE, Ginsberg M, Wang Y, Couch FJ, Feigelson HS, Greenlee RT, Honda S, Stark A, Chitale D, Wang T, Xue X, Oktay MH, Sparano JA, Loudig O. Molecular markers of risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer in women with ductal carcinoma in situ: protocol for a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053397. [PMID: 34702732 PMCID: PMC8549665 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a non-obligate precursor of invasive breast cancer (IBC). Many DCIS patients are either undertreated or overtreated. The overarching goal of the study described here is to facilitate detection of patients with DCIS at risk of IBC development. Here, we propose to use risk factor data and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) DCIS tissue from a large, ethnically diverse, population-based cohort of 8175 women with a first diagnosis of DCIS and followed for subsequent IBC to: identify/validate miRNA expression changes in DCIS tissue associated with risk of subsequent IBC; evaluate ipsilateral IBC risk in association with two previously identified marker sets (triple immunopositivity for p16, COX-2, Ki67; Oncotype DX Breast DCIS score); examine the association of risk factor data with IBC risk. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We are conducting a series of case-control studies nested within the cohort. Cases are women with DCIS who developed subsequent IBC; controls (2/case) are matched to cases on calendar year of and age at DCIS diagnosis. We project 485 cases/970 controls in the aim focused on risk factors. We estimate obtaining FFPE tissue for 320 cases/640 controls for the aim focused on miRNAs; of these, 173 cases/346 controls will be included in the aim focused on p16, COX-2 and Ki67 immunopositivity, and of the latter, 156 case-control pairs will be included in the aim focused on the Oncotype DX Breast DCIS score®. Multivariate conditional logistic regression will be used for statistical analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Boards of Albert Einstein College of Medicine (IRB 2014-3611), Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Henry Ford Health System, Mayo Clinic, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute and Hackensack Meridian Health, and from Lifespan Research Protection Office. The study results will be presented at meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mindy Ginsberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yihong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Robert T Greenlee
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stacey Honda
- Center for Integrated Healthcare, Kaiser Permanente, Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Azadeh Stark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Breast Oncology Program and Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dhananjay Chitale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Breast Oncology Program and Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Joseph A Sparano
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer arises in a multistep process of carcinogenesis from normal mucosa. The earliest precursor might be a morphologically inconspicuous precancerous field, harboring cancer-associated mutations. METHODS: We systematically analyzed genetic alterations in 77 tissue samples from 30 patients with sporadic colorectal neoplasms (18 large adenomas and 12 adenocarcinomas) and matched adjacent normal mucosa (N = 30), as well as normal rectal tissue (N = 17). We profiled mutations associated with colorectal cancer by targeted sequencing of 46 genetic loci using 157 custom amplicons and a median depth of 42,655 reads per loci. RESULTS: Multiple mutations were found in colorectal neoplasms, most frequently in APC, KRAS, and TP53. In a subgroup of 11 of 30 patients, alterations were also detected in non-neoplastic mucosa. These mutations were divergent from those in matched neoplasms. The total alteration count and the allele frequency of mutations were higher in neoplasms compared with those in adjacent tissues. We found that younger patients (≤70 years) are less likely affected by mutations in non-neoplastic mucosa than older patients (>70 years, P = 0.013), although no association was found for other variables, including type, location and differentiation of neoplasia, and previous history of polyps. DISCUSSION: Our data show that cancer-associated mutations can be found in non-neoplastic tissues in a subgroup of patients with colorectal neoplasms. Further studies are needed to specify the risk of occurrence and recurrence of neoplasia in this patient population.
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Yuan C, Zhao X, Wangmo D, Alshareef D, Gates TJ, Subramanian S. Tumor models to assess immune response and tumor-microbiome interactions in colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107981. [PMID: 34480964 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances over the past 2 decades in preventive screening and therapy aimed at improving patient survival, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. The average 5-year survival rate of CRC patients with positive regional lymph nodes is only 40%, while less than 5% of patients with distant metastases survive beyond 5 years. There is a critical need to develop novel therapies that can improve overall survival in patients with poor prognoses, particularly since 60% of them are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Pertinently, immune checkpoint blockade therapy has dramatically changed how we treat CRC patients with microsatellite-instable high tumors. Furthermore, accumulating evidence shows that changes in gut microbiota are associated with the regulation of host antitumor immune response and cancer progression. Appropriate animal models are essential to deciphering the complex mechanisms of host antitumor immune response and tumor-gut microbiome metabolic interactions. Here, we discuss various mouse models of colorectal cancer that are developed to address key questions on tumor immune response and tumor-microbiota interactions. These CRC models will also serve as resourceful tools for effective preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Yuan
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Xianda Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Dechen Wangmo
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Duha Alshareef
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Travis J Gates
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
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Daumova M, Svajdler M, Fabian P, Kren L, Babankova I, Jezova M, Sedivcova M, Vanecek T, Behenska K, Michal M, Daum O. SDHC Methylation Pattern in Patients With Carney Triad. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:599-605. [PMID: 33624983 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carney triad is a multitumor syndrome affecting almost exclusively young women in a nonfamilial setting, which manifests by multifocal gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors, paragangliomas, and pulmonary chondroma. The Carney triad-associated tumors are characterized by a deficiency of the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase enzymatic complex. Recently, it has been observed that the deficiency results from epigenetic silencing of the SDHC gene by its promoter hypermethylation. To elucidate anatomic distribution of SDHC promoter methylation in Carney triad patients and thus to shed some light on the possible natural development of this epigenetic change, both neoplastic and available non-neoplastic tissues of 3 patients with Carney triad were tested for hypermethylation at the SDHC promoter site. SDHC promoter hypermethylation was proven in all tumors studied. Lack of SDHC epigenetic silencing in the non-neoplastic lymphoid and duodenal tissue (ie, tissues not involved in the development of Carney triad-associated tumors) together with the finding of SDHC promoter hypermethylation in the non-neoplastic gastric wall favors the hypothesis of postzygotic somatic mosaicism as the biological background of Carney triad; it also offers an explanation of the multifocality of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach occurring in this scenario as well. However, the precise mechanism responsible for the peculiar organ-specific distribution of Carney triad-associated tumors is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Daumova
- Sikl's Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Teaching Hospital in Plzen, Charles University
- Bioptical Laboratory Ltd, Plzen
| | - Marian Svajdler
- Sikl's Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Teaching Hospital in Plzen, Charles University
- Bioptical Laboratory Ltd, Plzen
| | - Pavel Fabian
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute
| | - Leos Kren
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Babankova
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute
| | - Marta Jezova
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tomas Vanecek
- Sikl's Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Teaching Hospital in Plzen, Charles University
- Bioptical Laboratory Ltd, Plzen
| | - Kristyna Behenska
- Sikl's Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Teaching Hospital in Plzen, Charles University
| | - Michal Michal
- Sikl's Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Teaching Hospital in Plzen, Charles University
| | - Ondrej Daum
- Sikl's Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Teaching Hospital in Plzen, Charles University
- Bioptical Laboratory Ltd, Plzen
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Grigolato R, Accorona R, Lombardo G, Corrocher G, Garagiola U, Massari F, Nicoli S, Rossi S, Calabrese L. Oral cancer in non-smoker non-drinker patients. Could comparative pet oncology help to understand risk factors and pathogenesis? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 166:103458. [PMID: 34461267 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades there has been a progressive increase in proportion of incidence of oral cancer not related to a known etiologic factor, such as the so-called "oral cancer in young", a relevant tumor in non-smoker non-drinker (NSND) patients. The topic is matter of long standing debate, and adequate study models to analyze this entity are lacking. Spontaneous oral cancer in companion animals such as dogs and cats, presents more clinical and biological similarities with the human oral cancer than any other animal model. In our review we analyze how the study of spontaneous oral cancer in common pets can prospectively prove to be of double usefulness in unraveling the question about the origin of oral cancer in NSND patients, allowing both the analysis of environmental and behavioral risk factors, and the study of how carcinogenic viruses, chronic inflammation, and changes in immunity can influence pre-tumoral and tumoral microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grigolato
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, "San Maurizio" Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Remo Accorona
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Lombardo
- School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corrocher
- School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences Department, Maxillofacial and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Sabrina Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Calabrese
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, "San Maurizio" Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
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Geospatial Assessments of DNA Adducts in the Human Stomach: A Model of Field Cancerization. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153728. [PMID: 34359626 PMCID: PMC8345122 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Field cancerization is a popular concept regarding where cancer cells arise in a plane, such as the opened-up gastrointestinal mucosa. The geospatial distribution of DNA adducts, some of which are believed to initiate mutation, may be a clue to understanding the landscape of the preferred occurrence of gastric cancer in the human stomach, such that the occurrence is much more frequent in the lesser curvature than in the greater curvature. METHODS Seven DNA adducts, C5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine, 2'-deoxyinosine, C5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine, N6-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine, 1,N6-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine, N6-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyadenosine, and C8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, from different points and zones of the human stomach were semi quantitatively measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The differences in the quantity of these DNA adducts from the lesser and greater curvature, the upper, middle and lower third zones, the anterior and posterior wall of the stomach, and the mucosae distant from and near the tumor were compared to determine whether the location preference of cancer in the stomach could be explained by the distribution of these DNA adducts. Comparisons were conducted considering the tumor locations and operation methods. CONCLUSIONS Regarding the DNA adducts investigated, significant differences in quantities and locations in the whole stomach were not noted; thus, these DNA adducts do not explain the preferential occurrence of cancer in particular locations of the human stomach.
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Susanti NMP, Tjahjono DH. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 and 6 Inhibitors in Cell Cycle Dysregulation for Breast Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154462. [PMID: 34361615 PMCID: PMC8348313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In cell development, the cell cycle is crucial, and the cycle progression’s main controllers are endogenous CDK inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and cyclins. In response to the mitogenic signal, cyclin D is produced and retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is phosphorylated due to activated CDK4/CDK6. This causes various proteins required in the cell cycle progression to be generated. In addition, complexes of CDK1-cyclin A/B, CDK2-cyclin E/A, and CDK4/CDK6-cyclin D are required in each phase of this progression. Cell cycle dysregulation has the ability to lead to cancer. Based on its role in the cell cycle, CDK has become a natural target of anticancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the CDK structures and the complex formed with the drug, helps to foster the development of CDK inhibitors. This development starts from non-selective CDK inhibitors to selective CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors, and these have been applied in clinical cancer treatment. However, these inhibitors currently require further development for various hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, based on the results demonstrated. In drug development, the main strategy is primarily to prevent and asphyxiate drug resistance, thus a determination of specific biomarkers is required to increase the therapy’s effectiveness as well as patient selection suitability in order to avoid therapy failure. This review is expected to serve as a reference for early and advanced-stage researchers in designing new molecules or repurposing existing molecules as CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Made Pitri Susanti
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;
- Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Udaya, Jalan Bukit Jimbaran, Badung 80361, Indonesia
| | - Daryono Hadi Tjahjono
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-812-2240-0120
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Barrak DK, Deldar R, Halbert SA, Khaitan PG. Field defect in esophageal cancer: A stochastic evolution in cancer biology. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 113:1069-1072. [PMID: 34297985 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dany K Barrak
- Department of General Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC
| | - Romina Deldar
- Department of General Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC
| | - Sarah A Halbert
- Department of General Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC
| | - Puja Gaur Khaitan
- Department of General Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC.
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Behrouzfar K, Burton K, Mutsaers SE, Morahan G, Lake RA, Fisher SA. How to Better Understand the Influence of Host Genetics on Developing an Effective Immune Response to Thoracic Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679609. [PMID: 34235080 PMCID: PMC8256168 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic cancers pose a significant global health burden. Immune checkpoint blockade therapies have improved treatment outcomes, but durable responses remain limited. Understanding how the host immune system interacts with a developing tumor is essential for the rational development of improved treatments for thoracic malignancies. Recent technical advances have improved our understanding of the mutational burden of cancer cells and changes in cancer-specific gene expression, providing a detailed understanding of the complex biology underpinning tumor-host interactions. While there has been much focus on the genetic alterations associated with cancer cells and how they may impact treatment outcomes, how host genetics affects cancer development is also critical and will greatly determine treatment response. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variants associated with cancer predisposition. This approach has successfully identified host genetic risk factors associated with common thoracic cancers like lung cancer, but is less effective for rare cancers like malignant mesothelioma. To assess how host genetics impacts rare thoracic cancers, we used the Collaborative Cross (CC); a powerful murine genetic resource designed to maximize genetic diversity and rapidly identify genes associated with any biological trait. We are using the CC in conjunction with our asbestos-induced MexTAg mouse model, to identify host genes associated with mesothelioma development. Once genes that moderate tumor development and progression are known, human homologues can be identified and human datasets interrogated to validate their association with disease outcome. Furthermore, our CC-MexTAg animal model enables in-depth study of the tumor microenvironment, allowing the correlation of immune cell infiltration and gene expression signatures with disease development. This strategy provides a detailed picture of the underlying biological pathways associated with mesothelioma susceptibility and progression; knowledge that is crucial for the rational development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Here we discuss the influence of host genetics on developing an effective immune response to thoracic cancers. We highlight current knowledge gaps, and with a focus on mesothelioma, describe the development and application of the CC-MexTAg to overcome limitations and illustrate how the knowledge gained from this unique study will inform the rational design of future treatments of mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Behrouzfar
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Kimberley Burton
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Steve E. Mutsaers
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Richard A. Lake
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Scott A. Fisher
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Bai J, Chen H, Bai X. Relationship between microsatellite status and immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer and its application to diagnosis and treatment. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23810. [PMID: 33938589 PMCID: PMC8183910 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to advances in understanding the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC), microsatellite classification (dMMR/MSI-H and pMMR/MSS) has become a key biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC patients and therefore has important clinical value. Microsatellite status is associated with a variety of clinicopathological features and affects drug resistance and the prognosis of patients. CRC patients with different microsatellite statuses have different compositions and distributions of immune cells and cytokines within their tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Therefore, there is great interest in reversing or reshaping CRC TMEs to transform immune tolerant "cold" tumors into immune sensitive "hot" tumors. This requires a thorough understanding of differences in the immune microenvironments of MSI-H and MSS type tumors. This review focuses on the relationship between CRC microsatellite status and the immune microenvironment. It focuses on how this relationship has value for clinical application in diagnosis and treatment, as well as exploring the limitations of its current application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junge Bai
- The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Department of General SurgeryThe Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinChina
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46
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by genetic-environmental interplay leading to diffuse changes in the entire colonic mucosa (field carcinogenesis or field of injury) and to a pro-neoplastic genetic/epigenetic/physiological milieu. The clinical consequences are increased risk of synchronous and metachronous neoplasia. Factors such as genetics, race, ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic status are thought to influence neoplasia development. Here, we explore the potential improvement to CRC screening through exploiting field carcinogenesis, with particular focus on racial disparities and chemoprevention strategies. Also, we discuss future directions for field carcinogenesis/risk stratification using molecular and novel biophotonic techniques for personalized CRC screening.
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47
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Paul EN, Burns GW, Carpenter TJ, Grey JA, Fazleabas AT, Teixeira JM. Transcriptome Analyses of Myometrium from Fibroid Patients Reveals Phenotypic Differences Compared to Non-Diseased Myometrium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3618. [PMID: 33807176 PMCID: PMC8036618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroid tissues are often compared to their matched myometrium in an effort to understand their pathophysiology, but it is not clear whether the myometria of uterine fibroid patients represent truly non-disease control tissues. We analyzed the transcriptomes of myometrial samples from non-fibroid patients (M) and compared them with fibroid (F) and matched myometrial (MF) samples to determine whether there is a phenotypic difference between fibroid and non-fibroid myometria. Multidimensional scaling plots revealed that M samples clustered separately from both MF and F samples. A total of 1169 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (false discovery rate < 0.05) were observed in the MF comparison with M. Overrepresented Gene Ontology terms showed a high concordance of upregulated gene sets in MF compared to M, particularly extracellular matrix and structure organization. Gene set enrichment analyses showed that the leading-edge genes from the TGFβ signaling and inflammatory response gene sets were significantly enriched in MF. Overall comparison of the three tissues by three-dimensional principal component analyses showed that M, MF, and F samples clustered separately from each other and that a total of 732 DEGs from F vs. M were not found in the F vs. MF, which are likely understudied in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids and could be key genes for future investigation. These results suggest that the transcriptome of fibroid-associated myometrium is different from that of non-diseased myometrium and that fibroid studies should consider using both matched myometrium and non-diseased myometrium as controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jose M. Teixeira
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (E.N.P.); (G.W.B.); (T.J.C.); (J.A.G.); (A.T.F.)
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Carot L, Navarro G, Naranjo-Hans D, Iglesias-Coma M, Dalmases A, Fernández L, Seoane A, Buron A, Bellosillo B, Bessa X, Andreu M, Alvarez-Urturi C. Predictors of Metachronous Risk Polyps After Index Colonoscopy. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00304. [PMID: 33605613 PMCID: PMC7899856 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guidelines for surveillance after polypectomy are lacking in strong evidence. Our aim was to identify some precursors of colorectal cancer lesions at 3 years after polypectomy to improve stratification and surveillance programs. METHODS We included patients with high-risk lesions (HRLs), defined as advanced adenoma (AA), large serrated polyps (SPs), and multiplicity (≥3 of any adenomas/SPs). Data on age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, pharmacological treatment, and the histological characteristics in each individual, and mutations in genes involved in the most advanced index polyp, were collected. Parameters independently associated with a metachronous HRL diagnosis were evaluated through univariate and multivariate analyses. The results are reported as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals along with P values. RESULTS A total of 537 cases (median age: 60.7 years; 66% male) were included. Dyslipidemia and smoking correlated with metachronous HRLs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of multiplicity with ≥3 polyps on the index colonoscopy was significantly associated with metachronous HRL, AA, proximal AA, and ≥3 polyps at 3 years. In addition, independent predictors of metachronous proximal AA were increasing age, female sex, and the loss of expression of the MLH1 protein. DISCUSSION Multiplicity was a strong predictor of HRLs at 3 years, although the inclusion of other clinical variables (age, sex, smoking status, and dyslipidemia) improves surveillance recommendations. Without these risk factors, the surveillance could be extended to 5 years; we propose examining the somatic expression of MHL1 in all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carot
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Neoplasms Clinical and Translational Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Naranjo-Hans
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias-Coma
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Dalmases
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lierni Fernández
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Seoane
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Neoplasms Clinical and Translational Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Buron
- Colorectal Neoplasms Clinical and Translational Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Epidemiology and Evaluation Department, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bellosillo
- Medicine Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Bessa
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Neoplasms Clinical and Translational Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Andreu
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Neoplasms Clinical and Translational Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Alvarez-Urturi
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Neoplasms Clinical and Translational Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
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Wang R, Chen M, Ye X, Poon K. Role and potential clinical utility of ARID1A in gastrointestinal malignancy. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108360. [PMID: 34083049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ARID1A (AT-rich interactive domain 1A) is a newly discovered tumor suppressor gene, and its encoded product is an important component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. ARID1A plays an important role in cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and the regulation of other of biological behaviors. Recently, ARID1A mutations have been increasingly reported in esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and other malignant tumors of the digestive system. This article reviews the relationship between ARID1A mutation and the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis, including microsatellite instability and the PI3K/ATK signaling pathway, and relates these mechanisms to the prognostic assessment of digestive malignancy. Further, this review describes the potential for molecular pathologic epidemiology (MPE) to provide new insights into environment-tumor-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ye
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, 519085, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Karen Poon
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, 519085, Guangdong Province, China.
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Copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (cnLOH) patterns in synchronous colorectal cancer. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 29:709-713. [PMID: 33268847 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-00774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (cnLOH) is a common event in several human malignancies-positing this as a mechanism of carcinogenesis. However, the role of cnLOH in synchronous colorectal cancer (SCRC), a unique CRC subtype, is not well understood. The aim of this study was to establish a cnLOH profile of SCRC using a single-nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-A), and to explore associations between cnLOH and the genomic landscape of frequently mutated genes in SCRC. Among 74 paired SCRC cases, the most frequently altered regions were 16p11.2-p11.1 (59.5%) and 11p11.2-p11.12 (28.4%). Notably, the 6q11.21-q11.22 region altered by cnLOH was uniquely associated with polyclonal SCRCs (p = 0.038). Together, our analysis suggests that inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and cnLOH are rare events among SCRC cases. This study defines distinct patterns of cnLOH in SCRC, and provides initial evidence of a role for cnLOH in SCRC etiology.
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