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van den Berg MF, Kooistra HS, Grinwis GCM, Nicoli S, Golinelli S, Stammeleer L, van Wolferen ME, Timmermans-Sprang EPM, Zandvliet MMJM, van Steenbeek FG, Galac S. Whole transcriptome analysis of canine pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1155804. [PMID: 37691636 PMCID: PMC10484483 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1155804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are neuroendocrine tumors arising from the chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia, respectively. Local invasion, concurrent disorders, and metastases prevent surgical removal, which is the most effective treatment to date. Given the current lack of effective medical treatment, there is a need for novel therapeutic strategies. To identify druggable pathways driving PPGL development, we performed RNA sequencing on PPGLs (n = 19) and normal adrenal medullas (NAMs; n = 10) of dogs. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that PPGLs clearly clustered apart from NAMs. In total, 4,218 genes were differentially expressed between PPGLs and NAMs. Of these, 232 had a log2 fold change of >3 or < -3, of which 149 were upregulated in PPGLs, and 83 were downregulated. Compared with NAMs, PPGLs had increased expression of genes related to the cell cycle, tumor development, progression and metastasis, hypoxia and angiogenesis, and the Wnt signaling pathway, and decreased expression of genes related to adrenal steroidogenesis. Our data revealed several overexpressed genes that could provide targets for novel therapeutics, such as Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET), Dopamine Receptor D2 (DRD2), and Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 2 (SFRP2). Based on the PCA, PPGLs were classified into 2 groups, of which group 1 had significantly higher Ki67 scores (p = 0.035) and shorter survival times (p = 0.04) than group 2. Increased expression of 1 of the differentially expressed genes between group 1 and 2, pleiotrophin (PTN), appeared to correlate with a more aggressive tumor phenotype. This study has shed light on the transcriptomic profile of canine PPGL, yielding new insights into the pathogenesis of these tumors in dogs, and revealed potential novel targets for therapy. In addition, we identified 2 transcriptionally distinct groups of PPGLs that had significantly different survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit F. van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans S. Kooistra
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Guy C. M. Grinwis
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Stefania Golinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lisa Stammeleer
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Monique E. van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Maurice M. J. M. Zandvliet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sara Galac
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Enache D, Ferro L, Morello EM, Massari F, Romanelli G, Nicoli S, Guazzetti S, Porporato F, Zini E. Thyroidectomy in dogs with thyroid tumors: Survival analysis in 144 cases (1994-2018). J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:635-647. [PMID: 36852498 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed predictors of outcome in dogs with thyroid tumors undergoing thyroidectomy. OBJECTIVE To estimate the survival and identify prognostic factors in dogs with thyroid tumors treated by thyroidectomy. ANIMALS A total of 144 client-owned dogs with thyroid neoplasia that underwent thyroidectomy. METHODS Retrospective study. Data for analysis included hospital attended and year of surgery, signalment, thyroxine concentration, thyroid tumor features (lobe involvement, size, invasiveness, histopathological type), thrombosis, metastasis, additional surgery and therapy, administration of adjuvant chemotherapy. The association of predictors with survival (time from surgery to death) were assessed by calculating cause-specific hazard ratios (HRcs ) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Causes of death were classified as thyroid-related or because of other cause. RESULTS Overall median survival time was 802 days (CI95% = 723-1015 days); 89 dogs (77.4%) survived >500 days. Metastases were identified at admission in 12 (8.3%) dogs and were associated with higher thyroid cancer-related fatality (HR = 5.83, CI95% = 1.56-21.78; P = .009). Thrombosis occurred in 40 dogs and was associated with increased risk of death because of other cause (HR = 2.73, CI95% = 1.18-6.35; P = .019). Nonfollicular carcinoma (HR = 4.17, CI95% = 1.27-13.69; P = .018) and administration of chemotherapy (HR = 3.45, CI95% = 1.35-8.82; P = .01) were associated with higher risk of thyroid cancer-related death. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Dogs with thyroid tumors undergoing thyroidectomy have a long life expectancy. Despite the rare presence of nonfollicular carcinoma and metastases, thyroidectomy should still be considered in some of these dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Enache
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello (NO), Italy
| | - Livia Ferro
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello (NO), Italy
| | - Emanuela M Morello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Nicoli
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello (NO), Italy
| | - Stefano Guazzetti
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federico Porporato
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello (NO), Italy
| | - Eric Zini
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello (NO), Italy.,Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Del Magno S, Foglia A, Rossanese M, Montinaro V, Cola V, Pisoni L, Rossetti D, Cantatore M, De La Puerta B, Nicoli S, Pisani G, Collivignarelli F, Romanelli G, Cinti F, Olimpo M, Fracassi F. Surgical findings and outcomes after unilateral adrenalectomy for primary hyperaldosteronism in cats: a multi-institutional retrospective study. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X221135124. [PMID: 36706013 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221135124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CASE SERIES SUMMARY Twenty-nine cats from different institutions with confirmed or highly suspected primary hyperaldosteronism treated by unilateral adrenalectomy were retrospectively included in this study. The most frequent clinical signs were lethargy (n = 20; 69%) and neck ventroflexion (n = 17; 59%). Hypokalaemia was present in all cats, creatinine kinase was elevated in 15 and hyperaldosteronism was documented in 24. Hypertension was frequently encountered (n = 24; 89%). Preoperative treatment included potassium supplementation (n = 19; 66%), spironolactone (n = 16; 55%) and amlodipine (n = 11; 38%). There were 13 adrenal masses on the right side, 15 on the left and, in one cat, no side was reported. The median adrenal mass size was 2 × 1.5 cm (range 1-4.6 × 0.4-3.8); vascular invasion was present in five cats, involving the caudal vena cava in four cats and the renal vein in one. Median duration of surgery was 57 mins. One major intraoperative complication (3%) was reported and consisted of haemorrhage during the removal of a neoplastic thrombus from the caudal vena cava. In 4/29 cats (14%), minor postoperative complications occurred and were treated medically. One fatal complication (3%) was observed, likely due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. The median duration of hospitalisation was 4 days; 97% of cats survived to discharge. The potassium level normalised in 24 cats within 3 months of surgery; hypertension resolved in 21/23 cats. Follow-up was available for 25 cats with a median survival of 1082 days. Death in the long-term follow-up was mainly related to worsening of comorbidities. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION Adrenalectomy appears to be a safe and effective treatment with a high rate of survival and a low rate of major complications. Long-term medical treatment was not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Del Magno
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Armando Foglia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Matteo Rossanese
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Vincenzo Montinaro
- Soft Tissue Department, Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa, AniCura, Samarate, Italy
| | - Veronica Cola
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Luciano Pisoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Diego Rossetti
- ADVETIA, Centre Hospitalier Vètèrinaire, Vèlizy-Villacoublay, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Collivignarelli
- University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Cinti
- Veterinary Hospital of Portoni Rossi - Anicura, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Olimpo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Federico Fracassi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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Pey P, Specchi S, Rossi F, Diana A, Drudi I, Zwingenberger AL, Mayhew PD, Pisoni L, Mari D, Massari F, Dalpozzo B, Fracassi F, Nicoli S. Prediction of vascular invasion using a 7-point scale computed tomography grading system in adrenal tumors in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:713-725. [PMID: 35233853 PMCID: PMC8965227 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies evaluating the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in detecting caudal vena cava (CVC) invasion by adrenal tumors (AT) used a binary system and did not evaluate for other vessels. OBJECTIVE Test a 7-point scale CT grading system for accuracy in predicting vascular invasion and for repeatability among radiologists. Build a decision tree based on CT criteria to predict tumor type. METHODS Retrospective observational cross-sectional case study. Abdominal CT studies were analyzed by 3 radiologists using a 7-point CT grading scale for vascular invasion and by 1 radiologist for CT features of AT. ANIMALS Dogs with AT that underwent adrenalectomy and had pre- and postcontrast CT. RESULTS Ninety-one dogs; 45 adrenocortical carcinomas (50%), 36 pheochromocytomas (40%), 9 adrenocortical adenomas (10%) and 1 unknown tumor. Carcinoma and pheochromocytoma differed in pre- and postcontrast attenuation, contralateral adrenal size, tumor thrombus short- and long-axis, and tumor and thrombus mineralization. A decision tree was built based on these differences. Adenoma and malignant tumors differed in contour irregularity. Probability of vascular invasion was dependent on CT grading scale, and a large equivocal zone existed between 3 and 6 scores, lowering CT accuracy to detect vascular invasion. Radiologists' agreement for detecting abnormalities (evaluated by chance-corrected weighted kappa statistics) was excellent for CVC and good to moderate for other vessels. The quality of postcontrast CT study had a negative impact on radiologists' performance and agreement. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Features of CT may help radiologists predict AT type and provide probabilistic information on vascular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascaline Pey
- Department of Veterinary Medical ScienceAlma Mater Studiorum, University of BolognaOzzano Emilia (BO)Italy,Antech Imaging Services, IrvineCAUSA
| | - Swan Specchi
- Ospedale Veterinario i Portoni RossiBologna (BO)Italy
| | - Federica Rossi
- Clinica Veterinaria dell'OrologioSasso Marconi (BO)Italy
| | - Alessia Diana
- Department of Veterinary Medical ScienceAlma Mater Studiorum, University of BolognaOzzano Emilia (BO)Italy
| | - Ignazio Drudi
- Department of Statistical SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum, University of BolognaBologna (BO)Italy
| | - Allison L. Zwingenberger
- Department of Surgical & Radiological SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Philipp D. Mayhew
- Department of Surgical & Radiological SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Luciano Pisoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical ScienceAlma Mater Studiorum, University of BolognaOzzano Emilia (BO)Italy
| | | | | | - Boris Dalpozzo
- Clinica Veterinaria dell'OrologioSasso Marconi (BO)Italy
| | - Federico Fracassi
- Department of Veterinary Medical ScienceAlma Mater Studiorum, University of BolognaOzzano Emilia (BO)Italy
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Conte A, Berlato D, Rasotto R, Bass J, Bussadori R, Nicoli S, Murgia D. Comparison of harmonic shears, diode laser, and scissor cutting and suturing for caudal palatoplasty in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Vet J 2022; 280:105802. [PMID: 35151883 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, staphylectomy has been performed using scissors cutting and suturing. Alternative surgical techniques such as staphylectomy with monopolar electrocoagulation, CO2 or diode laser, bipolar vessel sealing device and harmonic shears have also been described. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the difference in surgical time, intraoperative haemorrhage and histological damage between staphylectomy performed with harmonic shears (HSS), diode laser (DLS) and traditional scissor 'cutting and suturing' technique with Metzenbaum scissors (SIS). Group HSS included 17 dogs, whereas Group DLS and Group SIS included 10 dogs each. Double masked histological evaluation was performed on the excised specimens. The harmonic shears resulted in the shortest surgical times (HSS 46 s, DLS 300 s, SIS 360 s; P < 0.001). There was a difference in the intraoperative haemorrhage among the three techniques; intraoperative haemorrhage did not occur in HSS and DLS groups. HSS was associated with more frequent damage involving the connective tissue (P = 0.001), muscle (P = 0.038), salivary gland tissue (P < 0.001), but less oedema was observed (P < 0.001). HSS was the fastest of the techniques evaluated for caudal elongated soft palate resection, resulting in less tissue oedema, and no intra-operative haemorrhage. These characteristics might result in reduced postoperative swelling and airway obstruction compared to other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Conte
- Torrington Orthopaedics, I E S House, Mission St, Brighouse, HD6 1NQ, UK.
| | - D Berlato
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK
| | - R Rasotto
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK
| | - J Bass
- Finn Pathologists, Laboratory, Hoxne Rd, Diss, IP21 5TT, UK
| | - R Bussadori
- Clinica Veterinaria 'Gran Sasso', Via Donatello, 26, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - S Nicoli
- AniCura - Istituto Veterinario di Novara, SP9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - D Murgia
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK
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6
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Gombert A, Diana A, Hecht S, Nicoli S, Fracassi F, Mortier J, Reyes-Gomez E, Pey P. Imaging features of retroperitoneal extra-adrenal paragangliomas in 10 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:393-402. [PMID: 35050528 PMCID: PMC9546460 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroperitoneal paragangliomas are rare tumors of the neuroendocrine system. Only a few canine case reports are available with rare descriptions of their imaging features. The objectives of this multi‐center, retrospective case series study were to describe the diagnostic imaging features of confirmed retroperitoneal paragangliomas and specify their location. Medical records and imaging studies of 10 affected dogs with cytological or histopathologic results concordant with retroperitoneal paragangliomas were evaluated. Dogs had a median age of 9 years. Four of them had clinical signs and laboratory reports compatible with excessive production of catecholamines. Six ultrasound, four CT, four radiographic, and one MRI studies were included. The paragangliomas did not have a specific location along the aorta. They were of various sizes (median 33 mm, range: 9–85 mm of length). Masses had heterogeneous parenchyma in six of 10 dogs, regardless of the imaging modality. Strong contrast enhancement was found in all CT studies. Encircling of at least one vessel was detected in six of 10 masses, clear invasion of a vessel was identified in one of 10 masses. In five of 10 cases, the masses were initially misconstrued as lymph nodes by the on‐site radiologist. Retroperitoneal paragangliomas appear along the abdominal aorta, often presenting heterogeneous parenchyma, possibly affecting the local vasculature, and displaying strong contrast enhancement on CT. Clinical signs can be secondary to mass effects or excessive catecholamine production. Underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of this tumor are suspected as they can be silent, of small size, or confused with other structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Gombert
- University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alessia Diana
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Federico Fracassi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Jeremy Mortier
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Edouard Reyes-Gomez
- Histology and Anatomical Pathology Unit, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, U955-IMRB, Inserm, UPEC, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pascaline Pey
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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Nicoli S, Caccamo R. Resection of vaginal septum using endoscopic-guided sealing devices in female dogs: 8 cases (2015-2018). J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:320-324. [PMID: 34937121 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vestibulovaginal septal remnants are congenital anomalies that are often concurrent with ectopic ureters in bitches. During endoscopic laser ablation of the ectopic ureter, the vaginal septum should be cut in the same surgical session. However, sometimes, the septal length and thickness make the procedure extremely long and challenging with lasers. This study aimed to describe the use of sealing devices for septal cuts. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched medical records for female dogs presented for ectopic ureters with endoscopic laser ablation that had a vaginal septum equal or longer than 4 cm in length that were treated using vesseal-sealing devices. RESULTS Medical records of 37 patients were retrieved. Of those, 8 patients were eligible for inclusion in the case series. Weight of included dogs ranged from 10 to 27 kg, and age ranged from 3 to 60 months. Three of these patients had the septum resected using the LigaSure™ device, and five of them using the ENSEAL® device. The median time of septum resection using the vessel-sealing devices was 100 seconds (range 60 to 130s). No obvious complications were detected when using the described technique. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The sealing devices used by the authors allowed a rapid and uneventful resection of the vaginal septum in the cases described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nicoli
- Clinica Veterinaria Roma Sud, Rome, 00173, Italy
| | - R Caccamo
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, 28060, Italy
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Grigolato R, Accorona R, Lombardo G, Corrocher G, Garagiola U, Massari F, Nicoli S, Rossi S, Calabrese L. Oral cancer in non-smoker non-drinker patients. Could comparative pet oncology help to understand risk factors and pathogenesis? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 166:103458. [PMID: 34461267 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades there has been a progressive increase in proportion of incidence of oral cancer not related to a known etiologic factor, such as the so-called "oral cancer in young", a relevant tumor in non-smoker non-drinker (NSND) patients. The topic is matter of long standing debate, and adequate study models to analyze this entity are lacking. Spontaneous oral cancer in companion animals such as dogs and cats, presents more clinical and biological similarities with the human oral cancer than any other animal model. In our review we analyze how the study of spontaneous oral cancer in common pets can prospectively prove to be of double usefulness in unraveling the question about the origin of oral cancer in NSND patients, allowing both the analysis of environmental and behavioral risk factors, and the study of how carcinogenic viruses, chronic inflammation, and changes in immunity can influence pre-tumoral and tumoral microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grigolato
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, "San Maurizio" Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Remo Accorona
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Lombardo
- School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corrocher
- School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences Department, Maxillofacial and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Sabrina Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Calabrese
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, "San Maurizio" Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
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Bonazzi I, Morabito S, Brunetti B, Nicoli S, Valenti P. Primary diaphragmatic undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2021; 7:20551169211018992. [PMID: 34158969 PMCID: PMC8186119 DOI: 10.1177/20551169211018992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 5-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was referred for acute onset of dyspnoea. Thoracic radiographs performed by the referring veterinarian revealed the presence of pleural effusion. Upon presentation, the cat was dyspnoeic, and cardiopulmonary auscultation revealed muffled heart sounds and bilaterally increased bronchovesicular sounds. Radiographic study of the thorax revealed bilateral pleural effusion and a soft tissue opacity in the dorsocaudal region of the left hemithorax. A whole-body contrast-enhanced CT scan identified a soft tissue mass arising from the left diaphragmatic crus. Transthoracic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the mass was performed and the result was consistent with a malignant mesenchymal neoplasia, showing giant cells. Cytoreductive surgery was performed and the histopathology diagnosis of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma was made. Adjuvant chemotherapy was then offered. Ten days after surgery pleural effusion recurred. Thoracic echography revealed the presence of a diaphragmatic thickening in the area of surgical resection. FNA of the thickening was consistent with mesenchymal neoplasia. Even when chemotherapy and supportive treatment with pain relief was instituted, the clinical condition of the cat worsened within a few days and it was euthanased 1 month after surgery. Relevance and novel information Primary diaphragmatic tumours (PDTs) have been rarely reported in human and in veterinary medicine, where only three cases have been described in the dog. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe a PDT, specifically an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bonazzi
- Veterinary Hospital of Portoni Rossi, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Morabito
- Veterinary Hospital of Portoni Rossi, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Nicoli
- Veterinary Hospital of Portoni Rossi, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Valenti
- Veterinary Hospital of Portoni Rossi, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
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Ghezzi M, Pescina S, Padula C, Santi P, Del Favero E, Cantù L, Nicoli S. Polymeric micelles in drug delivery: An insight of the techniques for their characterization and assessment in biorelevant conditions. J Control Release 2021; 332:312-336. [PMID: 33652113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles, i.e. aggregation colloids formed in solution by self-assembling of amphiphilic polymers, represent an innovative tool to overcome several issues related to drug administration, from the low water-solubility to the poor drug permeability across biological barriers. With respect to other nanocarriers, polymeric micelles generally display smaller size, easier preparation and sterilization processes, and good solubilization properties, unfortunately associated with a lower stability in biological fluids and a more complicated characterization. Particularly challenging is the study of their interaction with the biological environment, essential to predict the real in vivo behavior after administration. In this review, after a general presentation on micelles features and properties, different characterization techniques are discussed, from the ones used for the determination of micelles basic characteristics (critical micellar concentration, size, surface charge, morphology) to the more complex approaches used to figure out micelles kinetic stability, drug release and behavior in the presence of biological substrates (fluids, cells and tissues). The techniques presented (such as dynamic light scattering, AFM, cryo-TEM, X-ray scattering, FRET, symmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and density ultracentrifugation), each one with their own advantages and limitations, can be combined to achieve a deeper comprehension of polymeric micelles in vivo behavior. The set-up and validation of adequate methods for micelles description represent the essential starting point for their development and clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghezzi
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - S Pescina
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - C Padula
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P Santi
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - E Del Favero
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, LITA, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
| | - L Cantù
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, LITA, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
| | - S Nicoli
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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11
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Patata V, Scalise F, Sorropago G, Marchesotti F, Nicoli S, Auriemma E, Rondelli V, Pesaresi M, Glaus TM, Baron Toaldo M, Vezzosi T, Domenech O. Closure of an unusual morphology patent ductus arteriosus with a covered stent in a dog. J Vet Cardiol 2020; 32:7-15. [PMID: 33039928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with unusual morphology was diagnosed in a 3-year-old German shepherd presented for exercise intolerance. Two interventional PDA closure procedures with various Amplatzer devices and one surgical ligation were attempted to close the PDA. However, PDA closure failed with both methods due to the unusual morphology and the severe enlarged ductus ampulla. Therefore, the patient underwent an aortic covered stent placement, and successful closure of the PDA was achieved. Eight months after the procedure, the dog was free of clinical signs and no residual flow was identified through the PDA on transthoracic echocardiography. Moreover, computed tomography angiography demonstrated correct stent positioning, with no evidence of thrombus formation, damage to the stent, nor any aortic wall abnormalities. Aortic covered stent placement is a viable option in dogs with unusual PDA morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Patata
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy.
| | - F Scalise
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Policlinico di Monza, via Carlo Amati, 111, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - G Sorropago
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Policlinico di Monza, via Carlo Amati, 111, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - F Marchesotti
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - S Nicoli
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - E Auriemma
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - V Rondelli
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - M Pesaresi
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - T M Glaus
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Baron Toaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - T Vezzosi
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - O Domenech
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
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Marchesotti F, Rondelli V, Pesaresi M, Nicoli S, Vezzosi T, Auriemma E, Lanzillo G, Cuccio A, Khouri T, Dejong A, Domenech O. Combined interventional procedure and cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in a dog with cor triatriatum dexter, patent foramen ovale, and pulmonary stenosis. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2227-2234. [PMID: 31380593 PMCID: PMC6766562 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2‐year‐old American Pit Bull dog was presented for surgical evaluation of imperforate cor triatriatum dexter (CTD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO). Echocardiography identified an imperforate CTD associated with a right‐to‐left shunting PFO and valvular pulmonary stenosis. A 2‐step interventional and surgical approach was used. Initially, a pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty was performed, and subsequently the dog underwent a surgical correction of the atrial anomaly under cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tommaso Vezzosi
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Novara, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Zini E, Nolli S, Ferri F, Massari F, Gerardi G, Nicoli S, Romanelli G, Montinaro V, Trez D, Cavicchioli L, Ferro S. Pheochromocytoma in Dogs Undergoing Adrenalectomy. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:358-368. [PMID: 30595108 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818819174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma is frequent in dogs and carries a guarded prognosis. Current histological criteria may not predict malignant behavior in dogs, similar to humans. In humans, characterization of tumors has been refined using the pheochromocytoma of the adrenal gland scaled score (PASS) and by immunohistochemistry. The study aim was to investigate PASS and immunohistochemical markers used in humans in 24 dogs with pheochromocytoma that underwent adrenalectomy. Dogs with pheochromocytomas were reviewed and tumors collected. Histological sections were evaluated to apply the PASS and were single-labeled for chromogranin A, Ki-67, COX-2, p53, BCL-2, c-erbB-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and S100. Survival, age, and vascular and capsular invasion were compared for PASS and immunohistochemical markers; results of PASS were also compared for each marker. Associations between markers were tested. PASS and immunohistochemical markers did not differ for survival, age, and vascular and capsular invasion. Tumors showing BCL-2 expression in >50% cells had lower PASS than those with lower expression (PASS: 7 ± 2 vs 9 ± 2; P = .011). Tumors positive for S100 had higher PASS than those that were negative (PASS: 10 ± 2 vs 7 ± 2; P = .001). Results of the different markers were not associated. In conclusion, in the context of canine pheochromocytoma, PASS and the selected immunohistochemical markers are not associated with survival, age, or vascular or capsular invasion. The higher PASS in S100-positive tumors may indicate that pheochromocytomas developing morphologic changes acquire S100 expression. The significance of lower PASS in tumors with elevated BCL-2 expression is uncertain. Overall, the use of PASS and the present immunohistochemical markers may not be useful in dogs with pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Zini
- 1 Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,2 Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy.,3 Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello NO, Italy
| | - Silvia Nolli
- 2 Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Filippo Ferri
- 3 Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello NO, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Gerardi
- 2 Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Nicoli
- 3 Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello NO, Italy
| | | | | | - Davide Trez
- 7 Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Laura Cavicchioli
- 7 Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferro
- 7 Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Legnaro PD, Italy
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14
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Specchi S, Rossi F, Weisse C, Morabito S, Petrovitch NP, Drees R, Thierry F, Ricciardi M, Penchome R, Armenise A, Pey P, Paek M, Panopoulos I, Nicoli S, Schwarz T. Canine and feline abdominal arterioportal communications can be classified based on branching patterns in computed tomographic angiography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:687-696. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Swan Specchi
- Diagnostic Imaging; Istituto Veterinario di Novara; Granozzo con Monticello Novara 28060 Italy
| | | | - Chick Weisse
- Animal Medical Center; New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Simona Morabito
- Diagnostic Imaging; Istituto Veterinario di Novara; Granozzo con Monticello Novara 28060 Italy
| | | | - Randi Drees
- The Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield AL97TA UK
| | - Florence Thierry
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Mario Ricciardi
- Ospedale Veterinario; Pingry via delle Medaglie d'Oro 5; Bari 70126 Italy
| | - Rampaipat Penchome
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Small Animal Teaching Hospital; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Pascaline Pey
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Maisons-Alfort 94799 France
| | - Matthew Paek
- Synergy Veterinary Imaging Partners, Radiology; Maryland 21029 USA
| | - Ioannis Panopoulos
- Diagnostic Imaging; Istituto Veterinario di Novara; Granozzo con Monticello Novara 28060 Italy
- Alphavet Veterinary Clinic; Athens 14564 Greece
| | - Stefano Nicoli
- Diagnostic Imaging; Istituto Veterinario di Novara; Granozzo con Monticello Novara 28060 Italy
- Clinica Veterinaria Roma Sud; Roma 00173 Italy
| | - Tobias Schwarz
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
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15
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Padula C, Telò I, Di Ianni A, Pescina S, Nicoli S, Santi P. Microemulsion containing triamcinolone acetonide for buccal administration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 115:233-239. [PMID: 29414307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential of microemulsions for the buccal administration of triamcinolone acetonide. Microemulsions were developed by the construction of pseudoternary phase diagrams, using the aqueous titration method. Among all microemulsions prepared and tested for stability, three were selected and submitted to characterization and in vitro permeation/retention experiments, using pig esophageal epithelium, an accepted model of the buccal mucosa. Furthermore, one microemulsion was added of excipients (stearylamine, CTAB and chitosan) able to alter the charge of droplets. The results obtained show that the permeation of triamcinolone acetonide across pig esophageal epithelium was not influenced by the droplet size nor by the composition, but only by the presence of chitosan, polysaccharide able to increase the transport across mono and stratified epithelia. The determination of the permeation parameters allowed us to show that chitosan acts on the diffusion parameter across the tissue and not on the partitioning parameter; for the same reason the tissue retention of triamcinolone acetonide was not modified. Triamcinolone flux (2.6 μg cm-2 h-1) was too low to make systemic administration feasible (dose required 2.5 to 60 mg/day). The amount of triamcinolone acetonide recovered in the mucosa after only 10 min. of microemulsion application was much higher than after overnight application of the commercial paste Omicilon® A. This suggests that triamcinolone acetonide microemulsions can be an interesting alternative to the commercial formulation to treat diseases of the buccal mucosa. Owing to the fast uptake by the tissue, the formulation can be used as a mouthwash.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Padula
- Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - I Telò
- Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - A Di Ianni
- Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - S Pescina
- Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - S Nicoli
- Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P Santi
- Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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16
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Pescina S, Ostacolo C, Gomez-Monterrey IM, Sala M, Bertamino A, Sonvico F, Padula C, Santi P, Bianchera A, Nicoli S. Cell penetrating peptides in ocular drug delivery: State of the art. J Control Release 2018; 284:84-102. [PMID: 29913221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of effective therapeutics for eye diseases, their treatment is still challenging due to the presence of effective barriers protecting eye tissues. Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs), synthetic and natural short amino acid sequences able to cross cellular membrane thanks to a transduction domain, have been proposed as possible enhancing strategies for ophthalmic delivery. In this review, a general description of CPPs classes, design approaches and proposed cellular uptake mechanisms will be provided to the reader as an introduction to ocular CPPs application, together with an overview of the main problems related to ocular administration. The results obtained with CPPs for the treatment of anterior and posterior segment eye diseases will be then introduced, with a focus on non-invasive or minimally invasive administration, shifting from CPPs capability to obtain intracellular delivery to their ability to cross biological barriers. The problems related to in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models used to investigate CPPs mediated ocular delivery will be also addressed together with potential ocular toxicity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pescina
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - C Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - I M Gomez-Monterrey
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Sala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - A Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - F Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - C Padula
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P Santi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - A Bianchera
- BiopharmanetTEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - S Nicoli
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Raffo A, Carcea M, Moneta E, Narducci V, Nicoli S, Peparaio M, Sinesio F, Turfani V. Influence of different levels of sodium chloride and of a reduced-sodium salt substitute on volatiles formation and sensory quality of wheat bread. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Raffo A, Baiamonte I, Nardo N, Nicoli S, Moneta E, Peparaio M, Sinesio F, Paoletti F. Impact of early harvesting and two cold storage technologies on eating quality of red ripe tomatoes. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Raffo A, Masci M, Moneta E, Nicoli S, Sánchez Del Pulgar J, Paoletti F. Characterization of volatiles and identification of odor-active compounds of rocket leaves. Food Chem 2017; 240:1161-1170. [PMID: 28946238 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The volatile profile of crushed rocket leaves (Eruca sativa and Diplotaxis tenuifolia) was investigated by applying Headspace Solid-Phase MicroExtraction (HS-SPME), combined with GC-MS, to an aqueous extract obtained by homogenization of rocket leaves, and stabilized by addition of CaCl2. A detailed picture of volatile products of the lipoxygenase pathway (mainly C6-aldehydes) and of glucosinolate hydrolysis (mainly isothiocyanates), and their dynamics of formation after tissue disruption was given. Odor-active compounds of leaves were characterized by GC-Olfactometry (GC-O) and Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis (AEDA): volatile isolates obtained by HS-SPME from an aqueous extract and by Stir-Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) from an ethanolic extract were analyzed. The most potent odor-active compounds fully or tentatively identified were (Z)- and (E)-3-hexenal, (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one, responsible for green olfactory notes, along with 4-mercaptobutyl and 4-(methylthio)butyl isothiocyanate, associated with typical rocket and radish aroma. Relatively high odor potency was observed for 1-octen-3-one, (E)-2-octenal and 1-penten-3-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Raffo
- CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546-00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Masci
- CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546-00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moneta
- CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546-00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Nicoli
- CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546-00178 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Flavio Paoletti
- CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546-00178 Rome, Italy
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Morello E, Martano M, Zabarino S, Piras LA, Nicoli S, Bussadori R, Buracco P. Modified semitendinosus muscle transposition to repair ventral perineal hernia in 14 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56:370-6. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Morello
- Department of Veterinary Science; School of Veterinary Medicine University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - M. Martano
- Department of Veterinary Science; School of Veterinary Medicine University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - S. Zabarino
- Department of Veterinary Science; School of Veterinary Medicine University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - L. A. Piras
- Department of Veterinary Science; School of Veterinary Medicine University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - S. Nicoli
- Clinica Veterinaria Roma Sud; Roma Italy
| | | | - P. Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Science; School of Veterinary Medicine University of Turin; Turin Italy
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21
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Tratta E, Pescina S, Padula C, Santi P, Nicoli S. In vitro permeability of a model protein across ocular tissues and effect of iontophoresis on the transscleral delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) have a pivotal role during the formation and function of the cardiovascular system. More than 300 miRNAs have been currently found within the mammalian genome, however only few specific miRNAs, named endomiRNAs, showed conseved endothelial cell expression and function. In this review we present an overview of the currently known endomiRNAs, focusing on their genome localization, processing and target gene repression during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo M Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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23
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Raffo A, Nicoli S, Nardo N, Baiamonte I, D'Aloise A, Paoletti F. Impact of different distribution scenarios and recommended storage conditions on flavor related quality attributes in ripening fresh tomatoes. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:10445-10455. [PMID: 22998013 DOI: 10.1021/jf3028528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits of three cultivars picked at different ripening stages were subjected to conditions in the laboratory simulating both short and long distribution chains as occurring in commercial practice and to recommended storage conditions. At the end of the postharvest experiments, a flavor quality profile of fruits was obtained by chemical determination of volatile compounds, sugars, and organic acids, and physical measurement of texture properties. In two of the three cultivars, the overall profile and many of the individual quality attributes was significantly affected by the distribution chain conditions, the effect being more pronounced in tomatoes marketed at full ripeness than in those marketed at an intermediate ripening stage. In these cultivars, tomatoes harvested at the Breaker stage, subjected to long chain conditions and then allowed to achieve full ripeness at room temperature, did not develop the same overall profile observed on fruits fully ripened on the vine and exposed to a simulated short chain. Fruits subjected to recommended commercial storage conditions, cold stored above the chilling range (10 or 13 °C) and at high relative humidity (95%), developed a different profile when compared to fruit exposed to the simulated long distribution chain (6 °C and 55-80% RH), suggesting that these changes in temperature and relative humidity may remarkably affect flavor formation in tomato fruits. Major drivers of profile differentiation between tomatoes subjected to different postharvest scenarios were the levels of some aroma compounds derived from aminoacids (1-nitro-2-phenylethane, 2-isobutylthiazole, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, and 2- and 3-methylbutanal) and lipids ((E,E)- and (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal), and, among nonvolatile flavor compounds, of organic acids (citric and malic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Raffo
- National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition (INRAN), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
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Nicoli S, Morello E, Martano M, Pisoni L, Buracco P. Double-J ureteral stenting in nine cats with ureteral obstruction. Vet J 2012; 194:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Massari F, Nicoli S, Romanelli G, Buracco P, Zini E. Adrenalectomy in dogs with adrenal gland tumors: 52 cases (2002–2008). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 239:216-21. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.239.2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Raffo A, Nicoli S, Leclercq C. Quantification of estragole in fennel herbal teas: Implications on the assessment of dietary exposure to estragole. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:370-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pailler-Mattei C, Guerret-Piécourt C, Zahouani H, Nicoli S. Interpretation of the human skin biotribological behaviour after tape stripping. J R Soc Interface 2011; 8:934-41. [PMID: 21227961 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study deals with the modification of the human skin biotribological behaviour after tape stripping. The tape-stripping procedure consists in the sequential application and removal of adhesive tapes on the skin surface in order to remove stratum corneum (SC) layers, which electrically charges the skin surface. The skin electric charges generated by tape stripping highly change the skin friction behaviour by increasing the adhesion component of the skin friction coefficient. It has been proposed to rewrite the friction adhesion component as the sum of two terms: the first classical adhesion term depending on the intrinsic shear strength, τ(0), and the second term depending on the electric shear strength, τ(elec). The experimental results allowed to estimate a numerical value of the electric shear strength τ(elec). Moreover, a plan capacitor model with a dielectric material inside was used to modelize the experimental system. This physical model permitted to evaluate the friction electric force and the electric shear strength values to calculate the skin friction coefficient after the tape stripping. The comparison between the experimental and the theoretical value of the skin friction coefficient after the tape stripping has shown the importance of the electric charges on skin biotribological behaviour. The static electric charges produced by tape stripping on the skin surface are probably able to highly modify the interaction of formulations with the skin surface and their spreading properties. This phenomenon, generally overlooked, should be taken into consideration as it could be involved in alteration of drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pailler-Mattei
- Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamiques des Systèmes, Université de Lyon, , UMR-CNRS 5513, Ecully, France.
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D'evoli L, Salvatore P, Lucarini M, Nicoli S, Aguzzi A, Gabrielli P, Lombardi-Boccia G. Nutritional value of traditional Italian meat-based dishes: influence of cooking methods and recipe formulation. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 60 Suppl 5:38-49. [DOI: 10.1080/09637480802322103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nicoli S, Ferrari G, Quarta M, Macaluso C, Govoni P, Dallatana D, Santi P. Porcine sclera as a model of human sclera for in vitro transport experiments: histology, SEM, and comparative permeability. Mol Vis 2009; 15:259-66. [PMID: 19190734 PMCID: PMC2633461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate porcine sclera as a model of human sclera for in vitro studies of transscleral drug delivery of both low and high molecular weight compounds. METHODS Human and porcine scleras were characterized for thickness and water content. The tissue surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the histology was studied with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Comparative permeation experiments were performed using three model molecules, acetaminophen as the model compound for small molecules; a linear dextran with a molecular weight of 120 kDa as the model compound for high molecular weight drugs; and insulin, which was chosen as the model protein. Permeation parameters such as flux, lag time, and permeability coefficient were determined and compared. RESULTS Human and porcine scleras have a similar histology and collagen bundle organization. The water content is approx 70% for both tissues while a statistically significant difference was found for the thickness, porcine sclera being approximately twofold thicker than human sclera. Differences in thickness produced differences in the permeability coefficient. In fact, human sclera was found to be two to threefold more permeable toward the three molecules studied than porcine sclera. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the present paper prove that porcine sclera can be considered a good model for human sclera for in vitro permeation experiments of both low and high molecular weight compounds. In fact, if the different tissue thickness is taken into account, comparable permeability was demonstrated. This suggests a possible use of this model in the evaluation of the transscleral permeation of new biotech compounds, which currently represent the most innovative and efficient therapeutic options for the treatment of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Nicoli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Italy
| | - G. Ferrari
- G.B. Bietti Eye Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Quarta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Italy
| | - C. Macaluso
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Parma, Italy
| | - P. Govoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Parma, Italy
| | - D. Dallatana
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Italy
| | - P. Santi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Italy
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Pailler-Mattei C, Nicoli S, Pirot F, Vargiolu R, Zahouani H. A new approach to describe the skin surface physical properties in vivo. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 68:200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nicoli S, Bilzi S, Santi P, Caira MR, Li J, Bettini R. Ethyl-paraben and nicotinamide mixtures: apparent solubility, thermal behavior and X-ray structure of the 1:1 co-crystal. J Pharm Sci 2009; 97:4830-9. [PMID: 18314888 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This work aims at investigating the nicotinamide (NA)-ethyl-paraben (EP) binary system both in solution and in the solid state. In particular, the apparent EP solubility in water was studied in the presence of different NA concentrations (between 0.28 and 1.64 M). It was found that the apparent EP solubility increase (nearly twofold) observed at the highest NA concentration tested can be ascribed to a change in the polarity of the solvent mixture, rather than to a direct effect of NA on EP. The effect of fusion and re-crystallization from water or ethanol solutions on EP and NA mixtures was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction both on powder and single crystal. It was discovered that EP and NA form a co-crystal having a 1:1 molar composition that can be easily crystallized from ethanol. Single crystal X-ray analysis of this species revealed that the NA and EP molecules form corrugated layers within which the two components are intimately associated by a dense network of hydrogen bonds. In the presence of an excess NA in solution, the EP-NA co-crystal has lower water solubility with respect to both the single co-crystal formers and precipitates in aqueous solutions at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nicoli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 27/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
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Belleri M, Ribatti D, Savio M, Stivala LA, Forti L, Tanghetti E, Alessi P, Coltrini D, Bugatti A, Mitola S, Nicoli S, Vannini V, Presta M. v 3 Integrin-dependent antiangiogenic activity of resveratrol stereoisomers. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:3761-70. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nicoli S, Padula C, Aversa V, Vietti B, Wertz P, Millet A, Falson F, Govoni P, Santi P. Characterization of Rabbit Ear Skin as a Skin Model for in vitro Transdermal Permeation Experiments: Histology, Lipid Composition and Permeability. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 21:218-26. [DOI: 10.1159/000135638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nicoli S, Penna E, Padula C, Colombo P, Santi P. New transdermal bioadhesive film containing oxybutynin: In vitro permeation across rabbit ear skin. Int J Pharm 2006; 325:2-7. [PMID: 16860952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxybutynin is used extensively in the treatment of patients with overactive bladder. The aim of this work was to realize and test in vitro a new transdermal bioadhesive film containing oxybutynin. Transdermal films were prepared by dissolving in water an adhesive (Plastoid), a film-forming polymer (polyvinyl alcohol), a plasticizer (sorbitol) and the drug. The mixture was then spread on siliconized paper and oven-dried. Permeation experiments were conducted in Franz-type diffusion cells using rabbit ear skin as barrier. The donor compartment contained a water solution, the prepared film (with or without backing) or the commercial patch (Oxytrol). The experiments were performed for 24h. Oxybutynin showed good permeation characteristics across the skin. When the film was applied in occlusive conditions the release profiles were much higher than in non-occlusive conditions, reaching 50% of drug permeated after 24h. Compared to the commercial patch Oxytrol, the film was more efficient suggesting that a smaller area or a lower drug loading could be employed. The results obtained show that the bioadhesive film can be a promising and innovative therapeutic system for the transdermal administration of oxybutynin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nicoli
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 27/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
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Femenía-Font A, Padula C, Marra F, Balaguer-Fernández C, Merino V, López-Castellano A, Nicoli S, Santi P. Bioadhesive monolayer film for the in vitro transdermal delivery of sumatriptan. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95:1561-9. [PMID: 16721755 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The work presented here aims to develop a bioadhesive monolayer film containing sumatriptan as adjuvant for the treatment of headache pain in a severe migraine attack. Permeation experiments were performed from the films prepared and from the respective solution, to evaluate the relevant permeation parameters. The effect of the penetration enhancers Transcutol, 2-pyrrolidone, and polyethylene glycol 600 was evaluated. The results obtained show that Transcutol and 2-pyrrolidone decreased sumatriptan permeation from solution, whereas a modest increase was produced by polyethylene glycol 600. The enhancers produced the same effects when they were included in the film. Compared to solution, the film showed a higher sumatriptan flux in the early times of the experiment. When the film was applied in occlusive conditions the profiles were much higher, indicating the importance of patch drying. Concerning skin retention, the bioadhesive film produced a reduction of the amount of sumatriptan remaining in the skin, but this can be advantageous in the control of drug input, since it reduces the reservoir effect in the skin and allows for an immediate interruption of drug input when the patch is removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Femenía-Font
- Departamento de Fisiología, Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46113 Moncada, Spain
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D'Evoli L, Huikko L, Lampi AM, Lucarini M, Lombardi-Boccia G, Nicoli S, Piironen V. Influence of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis, L.) on plant sterol oxidation in extra virgin olive oil. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006; 50:818-23. [PMID: 16917809 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200500261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the potential role of rosemary compounds in inhibiting the plant sterol oxidation in extra virgin olive oil during heating. The stability of plant sterols was measured by quantification of plant sterol and sterol oxide formation upon 6 h of heating in both the extra virgin olive oil and its respective oil at 10% rosemary concentration (ROE). The total sterol and sitosterol oxide contents were determined by GC-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and GC-MS techniques, respectively. Heating experiments were carried out at 180 degrees C for 0, 1, 3 and 6 h. The total sterol content in the extra virgin olive oil was 255 mg/100 g and that in the ROE 270 mg/100 g. Sitosterol was the most abundant sterol in both samples (50% of total sterol). The ROE showed a lower content of sitosterol oxides with respect to the extra virgin olive oil during heating: after 6 h of heating only 6.1% of sitosterol oxides were formed, while up to 11.5% of sitosterol oxidized in the extra virgin olive oil. Our findings suggested that rosemary compounds were able to counteract the oxidation of plant sterols in the extra virgin olive oil during heating, preventing formation of potentially harmful compounds to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Evoli
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, Food Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
A 2-month-old, female cat was presented for abdomen dilation. The patient was undernourished, and severe left hydronephrosis was diagnosed after clinical, ultrasonographical and radiographical examination. Although pyelography was performed in order to visualise the ureteral course, surgery was necessary to reach a final aetiological diagnosis and treatment. At gross examination, the left ureter crossed the renal capsula at the level of the caudal renal pole, and the subcapsular ureteral segment was markedly dilated. Distal to the renal capsula, the left ureter was very thin when compared to the right. The parenchyma of the left kidney, as suggested by ultrasonographical evaluation, was extremely reduced in thickness. An ureteronephrectomy was performed. Histopathological evaluation revealed glomerular sclerosis and diffuse parenchymal fibrosis. Severe hydronephrosis derived from an altered renal pelvic anatomy and abnormal ureteral course determining functional stenosis. Diagnosis of congenital anomaly before development of complications such as hydronephrosis could have allowed a surgical renal capsulectomy and obstruction relief. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of severe hydronephrosis associated to altered renal pelvic anatomy and proximal ureteral ectopia in cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola D'Ippolito
- Clinica Veterinaria Pirani, Via Majakowski n. 2/L,M,N, 42100 Reggio, Emilia, Italy.
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Ostacolo C, Marra F, Laneri S, Sacchi A, Nicoli S, Padula C, Santi P. Alpha-tocopherol pro-vitamins: synthesis, hydrolysis and accumulation in rabbit ear skin. J Control Release 2005; 99:403-13. [PMID: 15451598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2004] [Accepted: 08/03/2004] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized esters of alpha-tocopherol (VE) with the aim to develop new pro-vitamins, easily reconverted by enzymes in the skin and able to release another active moiety such as an amino acid, in order to obtain a synergic effect. In particular, the attention was dedicated to the amino acids glycine and alanine and to pyroglutamic acid. The sensitivity of pro-vitamins to enzymatic hydrolysis was evaluated in vitro using porcine liver esterase. Permeation experiments were performed using rabbit ear skin, for the quantification of pro-vitamins and derived VE in the epidermis and dermis. The new derivatives synthesized, and in particular the glycine and alanine derivatives, accumulated in rabbit skin in a significant extent and originated substantial amounts of alpha-tocopherol. In comparison with the acetate derivative (VEAc), the amounts accumulated are comparable or higher. Moreover, the new derivatives, being more hydrophilic, allow the use of vehicles such as the mixture water/propylene glycol/ethanol widely employed for the preparation of creams and gels. Finally, the enzymatic metabolism of these new derivatives generates not only VE, but also components that can have a further advantageous action on skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ostacolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80181 Naples, Italy
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Sebastiani P, Nicoli S, Santi P. Effect of lactic acid and iontophoresis on drug permeation across rabbit ear skin. Int J Pharm 2005; 292:119-26. [PMID: 15725558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2004] [Revised: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to explore the efficacy of lactic acid as permeation enhancer for drug molecules across the skin. Three model permeants were chosen: acetaminophen (non-ionized), buspirone hydrochloride (cationic drug) and ibuprofen lysine (anionic drug). We also explored the association of lactic acid and iontophoresis as a means of enhancing drug delivery. Permeation experiments were performed in vitro, using rabbit ear skin as barrier. The results obtained indicate that lactic acid has some effects on model drug permeation across the skin. The effect was more evident with the anionic drug ibuprofen. Cathodal intophoresis increased ibuprofen transport, but when lactic acid was associated with cathodal iontophoresis, a concentration-dependent reduction of ibuprofen iontophoretic flux was observed, probably for the competition by the co-ion. The application of electric current (anodal iontophoresis) to a solution of acetaminophen produced an increase in its transport, due to the presence of an electroosmotic contribution; however, the effect of the association of anodal iontophoresis and lactic acid produced no further enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sebastiani
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43100 Parma, Italy
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Nicoli S, Amoretti V, Colombo P, Santi P. Bioadhesive Transdermal Film Containing Caffeine. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2004; 17:119-23. [PMID: 15087590 DOI: 10.1159/000077237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2003] [Accepted: 02/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate in vitro the transdermal permeation of caffeine from a new bioadhesive film, using rabbit ear skin as a barrier. The effects of film composition and of the presence of penetration enhancers in the formulation were studied. The obtained fluxes were compared with those shown by commercial formulations. The results obtained indicate that the bioadhesive film gave rise to a higher transdermal permeation compared to a commercial gel and to a saturated solution of caffeine in water. Additionally, the film did not present the typical time lag of solution and gel. Another peculiar feature of the film is that the percentage of permeated active substance is much higher than that obtained from commercial formulations. Finally, it was possible to modulate caffeine permeation from the film by adding different enhancers/solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nicoli
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, IT-43100 Parma, Italy
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Carbonaro M, Mattera M, Nicoli S, Bergamo P, Cappelloni M. Modulation of antioxidant compounds in organic vs conventional fruit (peach, Prunus persica L., and pear, Pyrus communis L.). J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50:5458-5462. [PMID: 12207491 DOI: 10.1021/jf0202584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in organic products, knowledge about how different levels of fertilization affect nutritionally relevant components is still limited. The concentration of polyphenols and the activity of polyphenoloxidase (PPO), together with the content in ascorbic acid, citric acid, and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, were assayed in conventional and organic peach (Prunus persica L., cv. Regina bianca) and pear (Pyrus communis L., cv. Williams). 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and the tocopherolquinone/alpha-tocopherol ratio were used as markers of oxidative damage in fruits. A parallel increase in polyphenol content and PPO activity of organic peach and pear as compared with the corresponding conventional samples was found. Ascorbic and citric acids were higher in organic than conventional peaches, whereas alpha-tocopherol was increased in organic pear. The concentration of oxidation products in organic samples of both fruits was comparable to that of the corresponding conventional ones. These data provide evidence that an improvement in the antioxidant defense system of the plant occurred as a consequence of the organic cultivation practice. This is likely to exert protection against damage of fruit when grown in the absence of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Carbonaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nicoli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Italy
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Zucchi A, Raho E, Marconi B, Nicoli S, Santini M, Allegra F, Colombo P, Bettini R, Santi P. Plasma and skin concentration of 5-methoxypsoralen in psoriatic patients after oral administration. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 117:379-82. [PMID: 11511320 DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the distribution of 5-methoxypsoralen in the skin after oral administration of the drug and to examine the correlation between skin and plasma concentrations. 5-Methoxypsoralen skin concentration was measured in both healthy and psoriatic sites of 10 psoriatic patients after single and multiple oral doses. The results obtained show that 5-methoxypsoralen accumulates at higher levels in the more external layers of the skin after oral administration. The high affinity of drug for the stratum corneum was confirmed by in vitro skin affinity measurements. The concentration of 5-methoxypsoralen in the skin was similar in both psoriatic and healthy sites, indicating that the pathology does not influence drug distribution in the skin. After single dose administration, a linear correlation was found between skin and plasma drug concentration. After multiple dose administration, drug concentration in the skin was fairly constant despite the variable plasma concentrations in different subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zucchi
- Institute of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Nicoli S, Colombo P. [Controlled-release drugs: administration routes and formulations]. Ann Pharm Fr 2001; 59:227-31. [PMID: 11468576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The notion of controlled release has been known since the 1930s, but was not significantly developed until the 1970s. At that time, Alza introduced the concept of a "therapeutic system" and proposed new pharmaceutic formulations. Over time, the idea became one of controlled drug delivery and today concerns not only one rate of release but also the site of release of the active substance. We present here definitions, fundamentals and advantages and disadvantages of currently marketed systems and provide examples illustrating oral, transdermal and respiratory delivery systems. Current research is also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nicoli
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Parcó Area delle Scienze 27/A, Università di Parma, Parma, Italia
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Abstract
Triptorelin is a decapeptide analog of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, currently used for the treatment of sex-hormones dependents diseases. The aim of this work was to prepare triptorelin-loaded nanospheres useful for transdermal iontophoretic administration. Nanospheres were prepared with the double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique. The effect of three parameters on the encapsulation efficiency has been determined: the role of the pH of the internal and external aqueous phases, the nature of the organic solvent and the effect of three different poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) co-polymers. Particle size, zeta potential and release kinetics were also determined. The encapsulation efficiency varied from 4 to 83% reaching the maximum value when both the internal and the external water phases were brought to pH 7 (isoelectric point of the peptide), methylene chloride was used as solvent of the copolymers and PLGA rich in free carboxylic groups was employed. The release profiles obtained with this co-polymer were characterized by the absence of burst effect. This behavior as well as the high encapsulation efficiency was explained by an ionic interaction occurring between the peptide and the co-polymer. This supports the already expressed theory that the release of peptides and proteins from PLGA nanospheres is also governed by the affinity of the encapsulated molecule versus the polymer. The obtained nanoparticles, regarding their size, amount encapsulated and zeta potential, were shown to be suitable for transdermal iontophoretic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nicoli
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
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Carbonaro M, Nicoli S, Musci G. Heat-induced aggregation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Proteins: an electron spin resonance study. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:2188-2192. [PMID: 10794607 DOI: 10.1021/jf980818s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of heat-induced aggregation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. proteins and of subunit interactions of importance for susceptibility of proteins to proteolysis was studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The mobility of a spin label bound to lysine residues was monitored at two different pH-induced (neutral and alkaline) association states of proteins extracted from raw and cooked common bean. The molecular weight of the protein complexes was assessed by size exclusion-high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) of labeled proteins. Upon alkaline dissociation, both native and denatured protein subunits underwent a reassociation process to form soluble complexes of molecular weight higher than the species originally present at neutral pH. However, unlike native proteins, impaired mobility of the spin label was observed in the aggregates that are formed after dissociation of subunits of denatured proteins, indicating a reduced accessibility of lysine residues. Trapping of lysine residues inside protein aggregates may explain limited digestibility in the small intestine of proteins in cooked legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carbonaro
- Istituto Nazionale della Nutrizione, Roma, Italy.
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Abstract
The purpose of the present work was to study the in vitro distribution of acyclovir in human skin layers after iontophoresis, applied in order to increase the amount of drug in the basal epidermis, site of Herpes simplex infections. Experiments were done with Franz diffusion cells applying, as donor, acyclovir solutions (pH values: 3.0 and 7.4) or a commercial cream. Quantification of drug at different skin depths was performed by horizontal slicing of frozen skin, and drug extraction and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Seven h of transdermal iontophoresis (0.5 mA cm-2 induced an accumulation of acyclovir in epidermis and dermis ranging from 80 to 150 micrograms cm-3, characterized by homogeneous distribution of the drug in skin layers. After short current application time (30 min) however, the concentration profile of drug in skin was not significantly different from the obtained after seven h of passive diffusion, employing pH 3.0 donor solution. After 30 min of iontophoresis, the acyclovir reservoir on the skin was maintained for up to five h producing a dramatic increase of drug concentration in skin, evening out over 80 micrograms cm-3 until a depth of 300 micrograms. Acyclovir can be accumulated at target site more quickly and maintained at higher level through application of a iontophoretic pulse and by keeping the drug reservoir on skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Volpato
- Pharmaceutical Department, University of Parma, Italy
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Zuin G, Fontana M, Nicoli S, Scapellato L, Tamburini G, Gaboardi F. Persistence of protein loss in acute diarrhoea. A follow-up study by faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin measurement. Acta Paediatr Scand 1991; 80:961-3. [PMID: 1755305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Zuin
- Clinica Pediatrica IV Ospedale L. Sacco, Milano, Italy
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