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Grosso G, Tognetti R, Domenech O, Marchesotti F, Patata V, Vezzosi T. Echocardiographic reference intervals of the dimensions of the main pulmonary artery and the right pulmonary artery: a prospective study in 269 healthy dogs. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 50:29-38. [PMID: 37918089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No data are available on the echocardiographic reference intervals (RIs) for the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and right pulmonary artery (RPA) dimensions in a large sample of dogs. Therefore, we aimed to describe the echocardiographic RIs of the MPA and RPA dimensions in normal dogs. ANIMALS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS Two hundred and sixty nine healthy dogs of different breeds, age and body weight (BW) were prospectively enrolled in this multicenter, observational study. The MPA diameter, RPA maximum diameter (RPAmax), and RPA minimum diameter (RPAmin) were measured from the right parasternal short axis view. Prediction intervals (PIs) for MPA, RPAmax and RPAmin were generated using allometric scales. Reference intervals (RI) of MPA indexed to the ascending aorta (MPA/AO), and RPAmax and RPAmin indexed to the aortic annulus (RPAmax/Aod and RPAmin/Aod), were defined. RESULTS A positive linear relationship between MPA, RPAmax, RPAmin and BW was evident after logarithmic transformation (R2 = 0.859, R2 = 0.787 and R2 = 0.725, respectively; P<0.0001). According to allometric scales, the PI for the MPA normalized for BW (MPA_N) was between 5.50 and 8.07, the PI for the RPAmax normalized for BW (RPAmax_N) was between 3.23 and 5.62, while the PI for the RPAmin normalized for BW (RPAmin_N) was between 1.62 and 3.30. The median MPA/AO was 0.92 (RI, 0.78-1.01), the median RPAmax/Aod was 0.70 (RI, 0.53-0.98) and the median RPAmin/Aod was 0.40 (RI, 0.29-0.61). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The reported RIs of the MPA and RPA dimensions in normal dogs could increase the diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic echocardiography in the identification of pulmonary artery enlargement in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grosso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56122 San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy.
| | - R Tognetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56122 San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - O Domenech
- Department of Cardiology, Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, 28060 Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - F Marchesotti
- Department of Cardiology, Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, 28060 Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - V Patata
- Department of Cardiology, Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, 28060 Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - T Vezzosi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56122 San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
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Patata V, Vezzosi T, Marchesotti F, Domenech O. Echocardiographic parameters in 50 healthy English bulldogs: preliminary reference intervals. J Vet Cardiol 2021; 36:55-63. [PMID: 34111807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to provide echocardiographic reference intervals for English bulldogs (EBs) and to assess if age, sex, body weight (BW), and heart rate have an influence on echocardiographic variables. ANIMALS We prospectively enrolled client-owned EBs that were considered healthy based on unremarkable history, normal physical examination, six-lead electrocardiography, and transthoracic echocardiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Breed-related reference intervals were provided, and associations between age, sex, BW, and heart rate and echocardiographic variables were tested using a multivariate analysis. Allometric scales were generated for echocardiographic variables showing correlation with BW. Moreover, echocardiographic variables obtained in our population of EBs and previous published reference ranges were compared. RESULTS Echocardiographic reference intervals were generated from 50 healthy adult EBs. As per the multivariate analysis, left atrial diameter (p = 0.015), left ventricular internal end diastolic diameter (p = 0.002), aortic valve annulus (p = 0.032), and pulmonary valve annulus (p = 0.017) resulted influenced by BW, and reference intervals were generated using allometric scales. Our study suggests that EBs tend to have a smaller aortic root and sphericity index than other breeds. In addition, EBs seem to have smaller indexed left ventricular volumes and higher left ventricular ejection fraction than boxers and Doberman. CONCLUSION Preliminary reference intervals in the EBs are reported, which might be helpful for accurate echocardiographic interpretation and screening purposes in this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Patata
- Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, 28060, Italy
| | - T Vezzosi
- Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, 28060, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, Pisa, 56122, Italy.
| | - F Marchesotti
- Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, 28060, Italy
| | - O Domenech
- Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, 28060, Italy
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Incarbone G, Granata A, Petrainas V, Ranzoni S, Romanò A, Marchesotti F, Gregori A. Transvaginal martius fat flap technique for neobladder vaginal fistulae an old technique for a renewed complication. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)35648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Patata V, Scalise F, Sorropago G, Marchesotti F, Nicoli S, Auriemma E, Rondelli V, Pesaresi M, Glaus TM, Baron Toaldo M, Vezzosi T, Domenech O. Closure of an unusual morphology patent ductus arteriosus with a covered stent in a dog. J Vet Cardiol 2020; 32:7-15. [PMID: 33039928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with unusual morphology was diagnosed in a 3-year-old German shepherd presented for exercise intolerance. Two interventional PDA closure procedures with various Amplatzer devices and one surgical ligation were attempted to close the PDA. However, PDA closure failed with both methods due to the unusual morphology and the severe enlarged ductus ampulla. Therefore, the patient underwent an aortic covered stent placement, and successful closure of the PDA was achieved. Eight months after the procedure, the dog was free of clinical signs and no residual flow was identified through the PDA on transthoracic echocardiography. Moreover, computed tomography angiography demonstrated correct stent positioning, with no evidence of thrombus formation, damage to the stent, nor any aortic wall abnormalities. Aortic covered stent placement is a viable option in dogs with unusual PDA morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Patata
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy.
| | - F Scalise
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Policlinico di Monza, via Carlo Amati, 111, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - G Sorropago
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Policlinico di Monza, via Carlo Amati, 111, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - F Marchesotti
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - S Nicoli
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - E Auriemma
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - V Rondelli
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - M Pesaresi
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - T M Glaus
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Baron Toaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - T Vezzosi
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - O Domenech
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, strada provinciale, 9, 28060, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
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Vezzosi T, Domenech O, Iacona M, Marchesotti F, Zini E, Venco L, Tognetti R. Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Right Atrial Area Index in Dogs with Pulmonary Hypertension. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:42-47. [PMID: 29377361 PMCID: PMC5787176 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Right atrial area (RAA) is a prognostic factor in human patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Reference intervals for RAA have been described in healthy dogs. Objectives To evaluate RAA indexed to the body surface area in dogs with PAH as an indicator of right atrial size, PAH severity and right‐sided congestive heart failure (R‐CHF). Animals A total of 119 client‐owned dogs, 48 dogs with PAH and 71 control dogs. Methods Prospective observational study. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was classified according to the tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG) as mild (36–50 mmHg), moderate (51–75 mmHg), or severe (>75 mmHg). The RAA index was calculated as the RAA divided by body surface area. Results The RAA index was higher in dogs with moderate PAH (13.3 cm2/m2; range, 3.4–24.7 cm2/m2) and severe PAH (12.1 cm2/m2; range, 5.4–21.8 cm2/m2) than in those with mild PAH (6.7 cm2/m2; range, 4.8–10.7 cm2/m2) or in controls (7.3 cm2/m2; range, 4.2–10.2 cm2/m2; P < 0.001). The RAA index was higher (P < 0.0001) in dogs with R‐CHF (17.5 cm2/m2; range, 12.7–24.7 cm2/m2) compared to those without R‐CHF (7.6 cm2/m2; range, 4.4–19.4 cm2/m2). The most accurate cutoff value of the RAA index to identify R‐CHF was >12.3 cm2/m2 (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 89.5%). In dogs with PAH, severity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was the only independent predictor of RAA index based on multivariate analysis (P < 0.02). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The RAA index can be used to evaluate right atrial size in dogs and may be more effective than TRPG in predicting R‐CHF in dogs with PAH. The severity of TR is the main determinant of the RAA index in dogs with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vezzosi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - O Domenech
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - M Iacona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - E Zini
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Novara, Italy.,Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - L Venco
- Clinica Veterinaria Lago Maggiore, Novara, Italy
| | - R Tognetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Venco L, Marchesotti F, Manzocchi S. Feline heartworm disease: a ‘Rubik's-cube-like’ diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. J Vet Cardiol 2015; 17 Suppl 1:S190-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Marzi M, Piras P, D'Alpaos M, Paiusco A, Marchesotti F, Minervini M. A case of particular diffusion of prostate cancer. Urologia 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/039156030707400211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic diffusion can occur due to dissemination, continuity, through lymphatic or haematic vessels, or, more rarely originate from surgical instruments. We report a particular case of prostate cancer spread. A 64-year-old man was diagnosed with undifferentiated prostate cancer through prostate biopsy. The patient was treated with a total androgenic block allowing a decrease in PSA blood level. The patient, wishing to regain his sexual activity compromised by hormonal therapy, interrupted the treatment spontaneously and unchecked. 19 months later he contacted us again: we had to hospitalize him due to a 12-hour anuresis. A urgent right transcutaneous nephrostomy was carried out, yielding an improvement in the patient's condition. A descending pyelography carried out by means of nephrostomy revealed a completely reduced urethral lumen. During the following surgery for transcutaneous urinary derivation we observed the two ureters entangled in whitish tissue, spreading bilaterally up to the renal pelvis. The histological examination of tissue samples showed the presence of neoplastic metastasis of prostatic origin. We assume that this neoplastic diffusion has occurred due to permeability through the lymphatic vessels of the urethral wall, producing a subsequent neoplasm growth: this has been limited by the urethral connective sheath, thus preventing its wide diffusion to the surrounding tissues, but fostering its spreading upwards along the ureter pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Marzi
- SOC Urologia, Ospedale di Sondrio, Azienda Ospedaliera
Valtellina e Valchiavenna
| | - P Piras
- SOC Urologia, Ospedale di Sondrio, Azienda Ospedaliera
Valtellina e Valchiavenna
| | - M. D'Alpaos
- SOC Urologia, Ospedale di Sondrio, Azienda Ospedaliera
Valtellina e Valchiavenna
| | - A. Paiusco
- SOC Urologia, Ospedale di Sondrio, Azienda Ospedaliera
Valtellina e Valchiavenna
| | - F. Marchesotti
- SOC Urologia, Ospedale di Sondrio, Azienda Ospedaliera
Valtellina e Valchiavenna
| | - M.S. Minervini
- SOC Urologia, Ospedale di Sondrio, Azienda Ospedaliera
Valtellina e Valchiavenna
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Marzi M, Piras P, D'Alpaos M, Paiusco A, Marchesotti F, Minervini M. The Clinical and Pathological Comments from a Case of Sarcomatoid Renal Carcinoma. Urologia 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/039156030707400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomatoid renal carcinoma represents 1–5% of primitive tumours of the kidney. Materials and Methods. A young man aged 34 presented with left side colic pain, preceded two days earlier by hematuria without pain; no previous complaints. Echotomography was performed revealing a tumour lesion of the upper left renal pole, which was subsequently confirmed by computerized tomography scanning, with a maximum diameter of approximately 6cm, and evidence of multiple lymph nodes with increased volume. A left-side nephroadrenalectomy was performed with locoregional lymphadenectomy; a sarcomatoid renal carcinoma with massive metastases in 4/19 excised lymph nodes was shown through histological examination. IL-2 therapy was commenced but interrupted due to intolerance. After only three months the disease resumed locally with diffuse lymph nodes metastases and multiple encephalic metastases. A carboplatinum and vinorelbine therapy was started; the possibility of an allogeneic transplant with non-myeloablative conditioning (“miniallogeneic”) was suggested, though being impossible to be performed due to the further rapid disease progression. The patient died after approximately 10 months. Conclusions. Sarcomatoid renal carcinoma is characterised histologically by closely interconnected epithelial and connective tissue elements; sarcomatous cells seem to originate from a phenotype conversion to carcinomatous cells, as they both belong to the same DNA clone. Their behaviour is very aggressive and the prognosis is unfavourable: 6-month average survival after diagnosis. Radical nephrectomy is still the main therapeutic approach, although it is has no significant influence on prognosis and survival rate. This case showed an approximately 10-month patient's survival, with some different chemotherapeutic approaches being followed (first IL-2 and then carboplatinum) after surgery. (Urologia 2007; 74: 40–2)
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Marzi
- SOC di Urologia, Ospedale di Sondrio
| | - P. Piras
- SOC di Urologia, Ospedale di Sondrio
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Montanari E, Del Nero A, Mangiarotti B, Bernardini P, Confalonieri S, Grisotto M, Marchesotti F. Microfocal Prostate Cancer. Urologia 2005. [DOI: 10.1177/039156030507200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether microfocal prostate cancer on needle biopsy predicts clinically insignificant prostate cancer. Patients and Methods We reviewed the records of 257 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy between January 1999 to September 2003. 18 patients had preoperative diagnosis of microfocal prostate cancer defined as 1 positive core/8 cores, cancer length < 3 mm and Gleason score less than/equal to 6. Results Of the 18 patients with preoperative microfocal cancer, only 1 case had clinically insignificant disease. 15 pts had organ confined disease (pT2) and 3 pts had capsular penetration (pT3). The lesion was bioptic undergraded in 33% of cases. Conclusions Microfocal prostate cancer as determined by needle biopsy does not predict clinically insignificant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Montanari
- Clinica Urologica III, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Milano
| | - A. Del Nero
- Clinica Urologica III, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Milano
| | - B. Mangiarotti
- Clinica Urologica III, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Milano
| | - P. Bernardini
- Clinica Urologica III, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Milano
| | - S. Confalonieri
- Clinica Urologica III, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Milano
| | - M. Grisotto
- Clinica Urologica III, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Milano
| | - F. Marchesotti
- Clinica Urologica III, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Milano
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