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De Bortoli M, Ivars M, Revencu N, Nassogne MC, Lavarino C, Paco S, Lammens M, Renders A, Dumitriu D, Helaers R, Boon LM, Baselga E, Vikkula M. Epilepsy with faint capillary malformation or reticulated telangiectasia associated with mosaic AKT3 pathogenic variants. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63551. [PMID: 38321651 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Capillary malformations (CMs) are the most common type of vascular anomalies, affecting around 0.3% of newborns. They are usually caused by somatic pathogenic variants in GNAQ or GNA11. PIK3CA and PIK3R1, part of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, are mutated in fainter CMs such as diffuse CM with overgrowth and megalencephaly CM. In this study, we present two young patients with a CM-like phenotype associated with cerebral anomalies and severe epilepsy. Pathogenic variants in PIK3CA and PIK3R1, as well as GNAQ and GNA11, were absent in affected cutaneous tissue biopsies. Instead, we identified two somatic pathogenic variants in the AKT3 gene. Subsequent analysis of the DNA obtained from surgically resected brain tissue of one of the two patients confirmed the presence of the AKT3 variant. Focal cortical dysplasia was also detected in this patient. Genetic analysis thus facilitated workup to reach a precise diagnosis for these patients, associating the vascular anomaly with the neurological symptoms. This study underscores the importance of searching for additional signs and symptoms to guide the diagnostic workup, especially in cases with atypical vascular malformations. In addition, it strongly emphasizes the significance of genotype-phenotype correlation studies in guiding clinicians' informed decision-making regarding patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Bortoli
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marta Ivars
- Department of Dermatology, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicole Revencu
- Center for Human Genetics, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Cécile Nassogne
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Paco
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Lammens
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Service d'anatomopathologie, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Renders
- Rehabilitation Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dana Dumitriu
- Pediatric Radiology Unit, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Helaers
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence M Boon
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Vascular Anomalies, Division of Plastic Surgery, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eulalia Baselga
- Department of Dermatology, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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Huang F, Zhao N, Cai P, Hou M, Yang S, Zheng B, Ma Q, Jiang J, Gai X, Mao Y, Wang L, Hu Z, Zha X, Liu F, Zhang H. Active AKT2 stimulation of SREBP1/SCD1-mediated lipid metabolism boosts hepatosteatosis and cancer. Transl Res 2024; 268:51-62. [PMID: 38244769 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Due to soared obesity population worldwide, hepatosteatosis is becoming a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Undertaken molecular events during the progression of steatosis to liver cancer are thus under intensive investigation. In this study, we demonstrated that high-fat diet potentiated mouse liver AKT2. Hepatic AKT2 hyperactivation through gain-of-function mutation of Akt2 (Akt2E17K) caused spontaneous hepatosteatosis, injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and eventually HCC in mice. AKT2 activation also exacerbated lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine hydrochloride-induced injury/inflammation and N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced HCC. A positive correlation between AKT2 activity and SCD1 expression was observed in human HCC samples. Activated AKT2 enhanced the production of monounsaturated fatty acid which was dependent on SREBP1 upregulation of SCD1. Blockage of active SREBP1 and ablation of SCD1 reduced steatosis, inflammation, and tumor burden in DEN-treated Akt2E17K mice. Therefore, AKT2 activation is crucial for the development of steatosis-associated HCC which can be treated with blockage of AKT2-SREBP1-SCD1 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Blood Transfusion, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Pei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bohao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingpeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Pacot L, Masliah-Planchon J, Petcu A, Terris B, Gauthier Villars M, Lespinasse J, Wolkenstein P, Vincent-Salomon A, Vidaud D, Pasmant E. Breast cancer risk in NF1-deleted patients. J Med Genet 2024; 61:428-429. [PMID: 38154814 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Pacot
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France
- Department of genetics, Fédération de Génétique et Médecine Génomique, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Adina Petcu
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie, Chambery, France
| | - Benoit Terris
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - James Lespinasse
- Unité de Génétique médicale, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie, Chambéry, France
| | - Pierre Wolkenstein
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430, INSERM, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Referral Center of Neurofibromatosis, Créteil, France
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Department of Pathology, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Dominique Vidaud
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France
- Department of genetics, Fédération de Génétique et Médecine Génomique, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pasmant
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France
- Department of genetics, Fédération de Génétique et Médecine Génomique, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Browne IM, André F, Chandarlapaty S, Carey LA, Turner NC. Optimal targeting of PI3K-AKT and mTOR in advanced oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Lancet Oncol 2024; 25:e139-e151. [PMID: 38547898 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The growing availability of targeted therapies for patients with advanced oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer has improved survival, but there remains much to learn about the optimal management of these patients. The PI3K-AKT and mTOR pathways are among the most commonly activated pathways in breast cancer, whose crucial role in the pathogenesis of this tumour type has spurred major efforts to target this pathway at specific kinase hubs. Approvals for oestrogen receptor-positive advanced breast cancer include the PI3K inhibitor alpelisib for PIK3CA-mutated tumours, the AKT inhibitor capivasertib for tumours with alterations in PIK3CA, AKT1, or PTEN, and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, which is used irrespective of mutation status. The availability of different inhibitors leaves physicians with a potentially challenging decision over which of these therapies should be used for individual patients and when. In this Review, we present a comprehensive summary of our current understanding of the pathways and the three inhibitors and discuss strategies for the optimal sequencing of therapies in the clinic, particularly after progression on a CDK4/6 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iseult M Browne
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research and Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fabrice André
- Department of Medical Oncology, INSERM U981, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Lisa A Carey
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas C Turner
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research and Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Singh S, Lathoria K, Umdor SB, Singh J, Suri V, Sen E. A gain of function mutation in AKT1 increases hexokinase 2 and diminishes oxidative stress in meningioma. Cytokine 2024; 176:156535. [PMID: 38325141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests the oncogenic role of missense mutation (AKT1-E17K) of AKT1 gene in meningiomas. Upon investigating the connection between the pro-tumorigenic role of AKT1-E17K and cellular metabolic adaptations, elevated levels of glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) was observed in meningioma patients with AKT1-E17K compared to patients harboring wild-type AKT1. In vitro experiments also suggested higher HK2 levels and its activity in AKT1-E17K cells. Treatment with the conventional drug of choice AZD5363 (a pan AKT inhibitor) enhanced cell death and diminished HK2 levels in AKT1 mutants. Given the role of AKT phosphorylation in eliciting inflammatory responses, we observed increased levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL6, IL8, and TLR4) in AKT1-E17K cells compared to AKT1-WT cells. Treatment with AKT or HK2 inhibitors dampened the heightened levels of inflammatory markers in AKT1-E17K cells. As AKT and HK2 regulates redox homeostasis, diminished ROS generation concomitant with increased levels of NF-E2- related factor 2 (Nrf2) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were observed in AKT1-E17K cells. Increased sensitivity of AKT1-E17K cells to AZD5363 in the presence of HK2 inhibitor Lonidamine was reversed upon treatment with ROS inhibitor NAC. By affecting metabolism, inflammation, and redox homeostasis AKT1-E17K confers a survival advantage in meningioma cells. Our findings suggest that targeting AKT-HK2 cross-talk to induce ROS-dependent cell death could be exploited as novel therapeutic approach in meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Kirti Lathoria
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Sonia B Umdor
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Jyotsna Singh
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ellora Sen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India.
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Gonzalez-Cárdenas M, Treviño V. The Impact of Mutational Hotspots on Cancer Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1072. [PMID: 38473427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cofactors, biomarkers, and the mutational status of genes such as TP53, EGFR, IDH1/2, or PIK3CA have been used for patient stratification. However, many genes exhibit recurrent mutational positions known as hotspots, specifically linked to varying degrees of survival outcomes. Nevertheless, few hotspots have been analyzed (e.g., TP53 and EGFR). Thus, many other genes and hotspots remain unexplored. METHODS We systematically screened over 1400 hotspots across 33 TCGA cancer types. We compared the patients carrying a hotspot against (i) all cases, (ii) gene-mutated cases, (iii) other mutated hotspots, or (iv) specific hotspots. Due to the limited number of samples in hotspots and the inherent group imbalance, besides Cox models and the log-rank test, we employed VALORATE to estimate their association with survival precisely. RESULTS We screened 1469 hotspots in 6451 comparisons, where 314 were associated with survival. Many are discussed and linked to the current literature. Our findings demonstrate associations between known hotspots and survival while also revealing more potential hotspots. To enhance accessibility and promote further investigation, all the Kaplan-Meier curves, the log-rank tests, Cox statistics, and VALORATE-estimated null distributions are accessible on our website. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis revealed both known and putatively novel hotspots associated with survival, which can be used as biomarkers. Our web resource is a valuable tool for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gonzalez-Cárdenas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Eugenio Garza Sada Avenue 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Víctor Treviño
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Eugenio Garza Sada Avenue 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, oriGen Project, Eugenio Garza Sada Avenue 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Liu Y, Sun Q, Wei X. Strategies and techniques for preclinical therapeutic targeting of PI3K in oncology: where do we stand in 2024? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:221-232. [PMID: 38646899 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2342522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway in eukaryotic cells that is activated in a variety of cancers and is also associated with treatment resistance. This signaling pathway is an important target for anticancer therapy and holds great promise for research. At the same time PI3K inhibitors have a general problem that they have unavoidable toxic side effects. AREAS COVERED This review provides an explanation of the role of PI3K in the development and progression of cancer, including several important mutations, and a table listing the cancers caused by these mutations. We discuss the current landscape of PI3K inhibitors in preclinical and clinical trials, address the mechanisms of resistance to PI3K inhibition along with their associated toxic effects, and highlight significant advancements in preclinical research of this field. Furthermore, based on our study and comprehension of PI3K, we provide a recapitulation of the key lessons learned from the research process and propose potential measures for improvement that could prove valuable. EXPERT OPINION The PI3K pathway is a biological pathway of great potential value. However, the reduction of its toxic side effects and combination therapies need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, Department of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Sun
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, Department of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- West China Medical Publishers, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, Department of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Khezri MR, Hsueh HY, Mohammadipanah S, Khalili Fard J, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. The interplay between the PI3K/AKT pathway and circadian clock in physiologic and cancer-related pathologic conditions. Cell Prolif 2024:e13608. [PMID: 38336976 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is responsible for the regulation of different cellular processes, and its disturbance has been linked to the development of different diseases, such as cancer. The main molecular mechanism for this issue has been linked to the crosstalk between core clock regulators and intracellular pathways responsible for cell survival. The PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is one of the most known intracellular pathways in the case of cancer initiation and progression. This pathway regulates different aspects of cell survival including proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and response to environmental stimuli. Accumulating evidence indicates that there is a link between the PI3K/AKT pathway activity and circadian rhythm in physiologic and cancer-related pathogenesis. Different classes of PI3Ks and AKT isoforms are involved in regulating circadian clock components in a transcriptional and functional manner. Reversely, core clock components induce a rhythmic fashion in PI3K and AKT activity in physiologic and pathogenic conditions. The aim of this review is to re-examine the interplay between this pathway and circadian clock components in normal condition and cancer pathogenesis, which provides a better understanding of how circadian rhythms may be involved in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Khezri
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hsiang-Yin Hsueh
- The Ohio State University Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Somayeh Mohammadipanah
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Khalili Fard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Varkaris A, Fece de la Cruz F, Martin EE, Norden BL, Chevalier N, Kehlmann AM, Leshchiner I, Barnes H, Ehnstrom S, Stavridi AM, Yuan X, Kim JS, Ellis H, Papatheodoridi A, Gunaydin H, Danysh BP, Parida L, Sanidas I, Ji Y, Lau K, Wulf GM, Bardia A, Spring LM, Isakoff SJ, Lennerz JK, Del Vecchio K, Pierce L, Pazolli E, Getz G, Corcoran RB, Juric D. Allosteric PI3Kα Inhibition Overcomes On-target Resistance to Orthosteric Inhibitors Mediated by Secondary PIK3CA Mutations. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:227-239. [PMID: 37916958 PMCID: PMC10850944 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PIK3CA mutations occur in ∼8% of cancers, including ∼40% of HR-positive breast cancers, where the PI3K-alpha (PI3Kα)-selective inhibitor alpelisib is FDA approved in combination with fulvestrant. Although prior studies have identified resistance mechanisms, such as PTEN loss, clinically acquired resistance to PI3Kα inhibitors remains poorly understood. Through serial liquid biopsies and rapid autopsies in 39 patients with advanced breast cancer developing acquired resistance to PI3Kα inhibitors, we observe that 50% of patients acquire genomic alterations within the PI3K pathway, including PTEN loss and activating AKT1 mutations. Notably, although secondary PIK3CA mutations were previously reported to increase sensitivity to PI3Kα inhibitors, we identified emergent secondary resistance mutations in PIK3CA that alter the inhibitor binding pocket. Some mutations had differential effects on PI3Kα-selective versus pan-PI3K inhibitors, but resistance induced by all mutations could be overcome by the novel allosteric pan-mutant-selective PI3Kα-inhibitor RLY-2608. Together, these findings provide insights to guide strategies to overcome resistance in PIK3CA-mutated cancers. SIGNIFICANCE In one of the largest patient cohorts analyzed to date, this study defines the clinical landscape of acquired resistance to PI3Kα inhibitors. Genomic alterations within the PI3K pathway represent a major mode of resistance and identify a novel class of secondary PIK3CA resistance mutations that can be overcome by an allosteric PI3Kα inhibitor. See related commentary by Gong and Vanhaesebroeck, p. 204 . See related article by Varkaris et al., p. 240 . This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Varkaris
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ferran Fece de la Cruz
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Bryanna L. Norden
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas Chevalier
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allison M. Kehlmann
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Haley Barnes
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Ehnstrom
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janice S. Kim
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haley Ellis
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Brian P. Danysh
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ioannis Sanidas
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yongli Ji
- Hematology-Oncology, Exeter Hospital, New Haven
| | - Kayao Lau
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gerburg M. Wulf
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura M. Spring
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven J. Isakoff
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jochen K. Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Levi Pierce
- Relay Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Gad Getz
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan B. Corcoran
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dejan Juric
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Chen L, Lu Y, Zhao M, Xu J, Wang Y, Xu Q, Cao Y, Liu H. A non-canonical role of endothelin converting enzyme 1 (ECE1) in promoting lung cancer development via directly targeting protein kinase B (AKT). J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3612. [PMID: 37897251 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy in the world, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in particular is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Endothelin converting enzyme 1 (ECE1) is a membrane-bound metalloprotease involved in endothelin-1 (ET-1) processing and regulates vasoconstriction. However, very few studies have reported the involvement of ECE1 in regulating tumor cell proliferation, and the mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of ECE1 in lung cancer development. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Kaplan-Meier plotter were used to assess the association between ECE1 and lung cancer. The expression of ECE1 was detected using immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting. A variety of in vitro assays were performed to evaluate the effects of ECE1 on the colony formation, proliferation, migration and invasion using ECE1 knockdown lung cancer cells. The gene expression profiles regulated by ECE1 were investigated by RNA sequencing. An immunoprecipitation assay and immunofluorescence assay were used to evaluate the mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of ECE1 on protein kinase B (AKT). The effect of ECE1 on tumor development was assessed by xenografted lung cancer cells in either C57BL/6 mice or nude mice. RESULTS ECE1 was upregulated in LUAD and correlated with the poor prognosis of patients with LUAD. Functional studies showed that knockdown of ECE1 retarded the progression of tumors formed by lung cancer cells at least partly by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. Moreover, ECE1 accelerated tumor cell proliferation through promoting AKT activation dispensable of its canonical target ET-1. Mechanically, ECE1 interacted with the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of AKT and facilitated its translocation to the plasma membrane for activation. Furthermore, the inhibition of AKT activity counteracted the lung cancer cell growth inhibition observed both in vitro and in xenografts caused by ECE1 suppression. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals a non-canonical function of ECE1 in regulating AKT activation and cell proliferation, which provides the basis for the development of a novel strategy for the intervention of cancer including LUAD by abrogating ECE1-AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikai Lu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Junfang Xu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajuan Cao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Yeh YC, Chu PY, Lin SY, Wang SY, Ho HL, Wang YC. Comprehensive Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Sclerosing Pneumocytoma. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100354. [PMID: 37844870 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Sclerosing pneumocytoma is a rare and distinct lung neoplasm whose histogenesis and molecular alterations are the subject of ongoing research. Our recent study revealed that AKT1 internal tandem duplications (ITD), point mutations, and short indels were present in almost all tested sclerosing pneumocytomas, suggesting that AKT1 mutations are a major driving oncogenic event in this tumor. Although the pathogenic role of AKT1 point mutations is well established, the significance of AKT1 ITD in oncogenesis remains largely unexplored. We conducted comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analyses of sclerosing pneumocytoma to address this knowledge gap. RNA-sequencing data from 23 tumors and whole-exome sequencing data from 44 tumors were used to obtain insights into their genetic and transcriptomic profiles. Our analysis revealed a high degree of genetic and transcriptomic similarity between tumors carrying AKT1 ITD and those with AKT1 point mutations. Mutational signature analysis revealed COSMIC signatures 1 and 5 as the prevailing signatures of sclerosing pneumocytoma, associated with the spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine and an unknown etiology, respectively. RNA-sequencing data analysis revealed that the sclerosing pneumocytoma gene expression profile is characterized by activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which exhibits significant similarity between tumors harboring AKT1 ITD and those with AKT1 point mutations. Notably, an upregulation of SOX9, a transcription factor known for its involvement in fetal lung development, was observed in sclerosing pneumocytoma. Specifically, SOX9 expression was prominent in the round cell component, whereas it was relatively lower in the surface cell component of the tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive investigation of the genomic and transcriptomic characteristics of sclerosing pneumocytoma. Results of the present study provide insights into the molecular attributes of sclerosing pneumocytoma and a basis for future studies of this enigmatic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Yuan Chu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ying Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ling Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Gencheva R, Petrova M, Kraleva P, Hadjidekova S, Radanova M, Conev N, Stoyanov D, Arabadjiev J, Tazimova E, Bachurska S, Eneva M, Tsvetkova M, Zhbantov G, Karanikolova T, Manov D, Ivanova A, Taushanova‐Hadjieva M, Staneva R, Dimitrova E, Donev I. Prevalence and prognosis of PIK3CA mutations in Bulgarian patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving endocrine therapy in first-line setting. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 7:e1966. [PMID: 38148576 PMCID: PMC10849999 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In approximately 40% of patients with HER2-negative/HR-positive breast cancer tumors, the PIK3CA gene is mutated. Despite this, clinical outcomes vary between studies in this cohort. We aimed to ascertain the prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in patients with metastatic HR+/HER2- breast in Bulgaria, as well the evaluation and comparison of progression free survival (PFS) between wild-type (WT) and mutation-positive groups in the real-world setting. METHODS Three oncology centers in Bulgaria collected 250 tissue samples between 2016 and 2022 for this multicentric retrospective study. PIK3CA mutations were identified using Real-Time qPCR. The median follow-up period was 35 months. RESULTS The mean age of the mutant cohort was 57.6 ± 11.6 years, compared to 56.5 ± 12.2 years for the WT cohort (p = .52). The percentage of patients with visceral metastasis was 58.8% (n = 147). Approximately 84.3% (n = 210) of the patients had reached postmenopause. 29.2% (n = 73) of the patients had PIK3CA mutations. The predominant mutation was present in exon 20, H1047R (46.5%). We found a significant correlation only between the presence of a mutation and the metastatic diseases at diagnosis (p = .002). As first-line therapy, 67.1% of patients received endocrine therapy (ET) plus cyclin dependent kinase (CDK4/6) inhibitor, while the remainder received ET alone. The median PFS of patients in the group with the mutation was 32 months (95%, CI: 22-40) compared to 24 months in the WT cohort ((95%, CI: 21-36) (p = .45)); HR = 0.86 (95%, CI: 0.5-1.3) (p = .46). We corroborated our conclusion using propensity matching score analysis, (36 months [95% CI: 20-40] vs. 26 months [95% CI: 21-38], [p = .69]). CONCLUSIONS We found that the prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in our patients was comparable to what has been reported in other nations. Our results suggest that PIK3CA mutational status has no bearing to ET efficacy in first-line setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gencheva
- Clinic of Medical OncologyMHAT “Nadezhda”SofiaBulgaria
| | - M. Petrova
- Clinic of Medical OncologyMHAT “Nadezhda”SofiaBulgaria
| | - P. Kraleva
- Clinic of Medical OncologyMHAT “Nadezhda”SofiaBulgaria
| | - S. Hadjidekova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical FacultyMedical University of SofiaSofiaBulgaria
| | - M. Radanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and NutrigenomicsMedical University of VarnaVarnaBulgaria
| | - N. Conev
- Clinic of Medical OncologyUniversity Hospital “St. Marina”VarnaBulgaria
| | - D. Stoyanov
- Clinic of Medical OncologyUniversity Hospital “St. Marina”VarnaBulgaria
| | - J. Arabadjiev
- Clinic of Medical OncologyUniversity Hospital Acibadem City Clinic TokudaSofiaBulgaria
| | - E. Tazimova
- Clinic of Medical OncologyUniversity Hospital Acibadem City Clinic TokudaSofiaBulgaria
| | - S. Bachurska
- Department of General and ClinicalpathologyUniversity Specialised Hospital for OncologySofiaBulgaria
| | - M. Eneva
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy “Nadezhda”SofiaBulgaria
| | | | - G. Zhbantov
- Clinic of Medical OncologyMHAT “Nadezhda”SofiaBulgaria
| | | | - D. Manov
- Clinic of Medical OncologyMHAT “Nadezhda”SofiaBulgaria
| | - A. Ivanova
- Clinic of Medical OncologyMHAT “Nadezhda”SofiaBulgaria
| | | | - R. Staneva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical FacultyMedical University of SofiaSofiaBulgaria
| | - E. Dimitrova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and NutrigenomicsMedical University of VarnaVarnaBulgaria
| | - I. Donev
- Clinic of Medical OncologyMHAT “Nadezhda”SofiaBulgaria
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13
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Mai N, Abuhadra N, Jhaveri K. Molecularly Targeted Therapies for Triple Negative Breast Cancer: History, Advances, and Future Directions. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:784-799. [PMID: 37336650 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains the subtype with poorest prognosis. Despite the subtype's heterogeneity, there is still a paucity in effective targeted therapeutics that offer both good efficacy and tolerability, and chemotherapy remains the backbone of modern TNBC therapy. In the past few years, immunotherapy as well as novel therapeutic modalities like antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have shown clinical benefit and have been FDA approved in various clinical stages of unselected TNBC. However, there has not been similar advancement in molecularly targeted therapies, especially when compared to advancements seen in hormone receptor (HR)-positive or HER2-positive breast cancer. PARP inhibitors have been approved for BRCA-mutated TNBC, but responses are short-lived, and resistance remains a barrier for current treatment. PI3K pathway inhibitors approved in HR+ breast cancer has not worked for TNBC and continue to have significant dose-limiting adverse effects. EGFR inhibition has been thoroughly explored in TNBC, but all trials so far have shown minimal efficacy. Nevertheless, despite these setbacks, current research in targeted therapy for TNBC holds great promise in overcoming the barriers of the past and developing novel therapeutic approaches for the future. In this review, we describe molecular targets both identified and validated in the treatment of TNBC, discuss the historical efforts towards development of targeted agents and current areas of improvement, and address promising advances that have the potential to improve outcomes in this heterogenous and aggressive breast cancer subtype. Immunotherapy, ADCs, and AR targeting will be discussed in separate reviews of this edition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Mai
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nour Abuhadra
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Komal Jhaveri
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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14
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Francia MG, Verneri P, Oses C, Vazquez Echegaray C, Garcia MR, Toro A, Levi V, Guberman AS. AKT1 induces Nanog promoter in a SUMOylation-dependent manner in different pluripotent contexts. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:309. [PMID: 37919788 PMCID: PMC10623886 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AKT/PKB is a kinase crucial for pluripotency maintenance in pluripotent stem cells. Multiple post-translational modifications modulate its activity. We have previously demonstrated that AKT1 induces the expression of the pluripotency transcription factor Nanog in a SUMOylation-dependent manner in mouse embryonic stem cells. Here, we studied different cellular contexts and main candidates that could mediate this induction. Our results strongly suggest the pluripotency transcription factors OCT4 and SOX2 are not essential mediators. Additionally, we concluded that this induction takes place in different pluripotent contexts but not in terminally differentiated cells. Finally, the cross-matching analysis of ESCs, iPSCs and MEFs transcriptomes and AKT1 phosphorylation targets provided new clues about possible factors that could be involved in the SUMOylation-dependent Nanog induction by AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gabriel Francia
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Verneri
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Oses
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Vazquez Echegaray
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mora Reneé Garcia
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelen Toro
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Levi
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Sonia Guberman
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre (CONICET-UBA), Intendente Guiraldes 2160 Pab. 2, 4to Piso, QB-71, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Postwala H, Shah Y, Parekh PS, Chorawala MR. Unveiling the genetic and epigenetic landscape of colorectal cancer: new insights into pathogenic pathways. Med Oncol 2023; 40:334. [PMID: 37855910 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations, playing a crucial role in its development and progression. This review aims to provide insights into the emerging landscape of these alterations in CRC pathogenesis to develop effective diagnostic tools and targeted therapies. Genetic alterations in signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR are pivotal in CRC development. Genetic profiling has identified distinct molecular subtypes, enabling personalized treatment strategies. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, also contribute to CRC pathogenesis by influencing critical cellular processes through gene silencing or activation. Non-coding RNAs have emerged as essential players in epigenetic regulation and CRC progression. Recent research highlights the interplay between genetic and epigenetic alterations in CRC. Genetic mutations can affect epigenetic modifications, leading to dysregulated gene expression and signaling cascades. Conversely, epigenetic changes can modulate genetic expression, amplifying or dampening the effects of genetic alterations. Advancements in understanding pathogenic pathways have potential clinical applications. Identifying genetic and epigenetic markers as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers promises more accurate risk assessment and early detection. Challenges remain, including validating biomarkers and developing robust therapeutic strategies through extensive research and clinical trials. The dynamic nature of genetic and epigenetic alterations necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their temporal and spatial patterns during CRC progression. In conclusion, the genetic and epigenetic landscape of CRC is increasingly being unraveled, providing valuable insights into its pathogenesis. Integrating genetic and epigenetic knowledge holds great potential for improving diagnostics, prognostics, and personalized therapies in CRC. Continued research efforts are vital to translate these findings into clinical practice, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humzah Postwala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Yesha Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyajeet S Parekh
- AV Pharma LLC, 1545 University Blvd N Ste A, Jacksonville, Florida, 32211, USA
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
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16
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Yang H, Liu Y, Yang Y, Li D, Wang Z. InDEP: an interpretable machine learning approach to predict cancer driver genes from multi-omics data. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad318. [PMID: 37649392 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer driver genes are critical in driving tumor cell growth, and precisely identifying these genes is crucial in advancing our understanding of cancer pathogenesis and developing targeted cancer drugs. Despite the current methods for discovering cancer driver genes that mainly rely on integrating multi-omics data, many existing models are overly complex, and it is difficult to interpret the results accurately. This study aims to address this issue by introducing InDEP, an interpretable machine learning framework based on cascade forests. InDEP is designed with easy-to-interpret features, cascade forests based on decision trees and a KernelSHAP module that enables fine-grained post-hoc interpretation. Integrating multi-omics data, InDEP can identify essential features of classified driver genes at both the gene and cancer-type levels. The framework accurately identifies driver genes, discovers new patterns that make genes as driver genes and refines the cancer driver gene catalog. In comparison with state-of-the-art methods, InDEP proved to be more accurate on the test set and identified reliable candidate driver genes. Mutational features were the primary drivers for InDEP's identifying driver genes, with other omics features also contributing. At the gene level, the framework concluded that substitution-type mutations were the main reason most genes were identified as driver genes. InDEP's ability to identify reliable candidate driver genes opens up new avenues for precision oncology and discovering new biomedical knowledge. This framework can help advance cancer research by providing an interpretable method for identifying cancer driver genes and their contribution to cancer pathogenesis, facilitating the development of targeted cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yijing Yang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, PR China
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17
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Lacoste J, Haghighi M, Haider S, Lin ZY, Segal D, Reno C, Qian WW, Xiong X, Shafqat-Abbasi H, Ryder PV, Senft R, Cimini BA, Roth FP, Calderwood M, Hill D, Vidal M, Yi SS, Sahni N, Peng J, Gingras AC, Singh S, Carpenter AE, Taipale M. Pervasive mislocalization of pathogenic coding variants underlying human disorders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.05.556368. [PMID: 37732209 PMCID: PMC10508771 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Widespread sequencing has yielded thousands of missense variants predicted or confirmed as disease-causing. This creates a new bottleneck: determining the functional impact of each variant - largely a painstaking, customized process undertaken one or a few genes or variants at a time. Here, we established a high-throughput imaging platform to assay the impact of coding variation on protein localization, evaluating 3,547 missense variants of over 1,000 genes and phenotypes. We discovered that mislocalization is a common consequence of coding variation, affecting about one-sixth of all pathogenic missense variants, all cellular compartments, and recessive and dominant disorders alike. Mislocalization is primarily driven by effects on protein stability and membrane insertion rather than disruptions of trafficking signals or specific interactions. Furthermore, mislocalization patterns help explain pleiotropy and disease severity and provide insights on variants of unknown significance. Our publicly available resource will likely accelerate the understanding of coding variation in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lacoste
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Marzieh Haghighi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Shahan Haider
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhen-Yuan Lin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dmitri Segal
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Chloe Reno
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Wesley Wei Qian
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xueting Xiong
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Rebecca Senft
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Frederick P. Roth
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Calderwood
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Hill
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Vidal
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S. Stephen Yi
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs (ILSGP), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Mikko Taipale
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
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Tiwari A, Modi SJ, Girme A, Hingorani L. Network pharmacology-based strategic prediction and target identification of apocarotenoids and carotenoids from standardized Kashmir saffron (Crocus sativus L.) extract against polycystic ovary syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34514. [PMID: 37565925 PMCID: PMC10419424 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age, characterized by a range of symptoms, including irregular menstrual cycles, excess male hormones (androgens), metabolic abnormalities such as hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic disturbances like glucose imbalance. Botanical supplements are perceived first and safe choice over available regimens to regulate PCOS. There are several reports available stating that apocarotenoids, carotenoids, and whole extracts of Crocus sativus were identified to have a potential role in the management of women health. This study aimed to propose a network pharmacology-based method to determine the potential therapeutic pathways of phytoconstituents (apocarotenoids and carotenoids) of UHPLC-PDA standardized stigma-based Crocus sativus extract (CSE) for the management of PCOS. Furthermore, to validate the potential targets and signaling pathways, these apocarotenoids, and carotenoids were screened for molecular docking and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) predictions. The information regarding PCOS-related genes was retrieved from the PCOS knowledge database (PCOSKB), resulting in an established network between putative targets of PCOS and Crocus sativus extract phytochemicals to prevail the mechanism of action. Based on the screening conditions, 4 prominent targets namely, serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), were identified through network analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis suggested that MAP kinase and serine-threonine pathways were found prominent targets in PCOS. Further, a molecular docking study shows that crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranal had the best binding affinity for the identified targets. In silico ADMET results revealed that carotenoids and apocarotenoids were found to have the maximum bioavailability and were able to cross the blood-brain barrier without any toxic effects. The combined results revealed that the apocarotenoids and carotenoids of Crocus sativus extract could act on various targets to regulate multiple pathways related to PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aboli Girme
- Pharmanza Herbal Pvt. Ltd., Anand, Gujarat, India
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19
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Oh BC. Phosphoinositides and intracellular calcium signaling: novel insights into phosphoinositides and calcium coupling as negative regulators of cellular signaling. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1702-1712. [PMID: 37524877 PMCID: PMC10474053 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and phosphoinositides (PIPs) are crucial for regulating cellular activities such as metabolism and cell survival. Cells maintain precise intracellular Ca2+ and PIP levels via the actions of a complex system of Ca2+ channels, transporters, Ca2+ ATPases, and signaling effectors, including specific lipid kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases. Recent research has shed light on the complex interplay between Ca2+ and PIP signaling, suggesting that elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels negatively regulate PIP signaling by inhibiting the membrane localization of PIP-binding proteins carrying specific domains, such as the pleckstrin homology (PH) and Ca2+-independent C2 domains. This dysregulation is often associated with cancer and metabolic diseases. PIPs recruit various proteins with PH domains to the plasma membrane in response to growth hormones, which activate signaling pathways regulating metabolism, cell survival, and growth. However, abnormal PIP signaling in cancer cells triggers consistent membrane localization and activation of PIP-binding proteins. In the context of obesity, an excessive intracellular Ca2+ level prevents the membrane localization of the PIP-binding proteins AKT, IRS1, and PLCδ via Ca2+-PIPs, contributing to insulin resistance and other metabolic diseases. Furthermore, an excessive intracellular Ca2+ level can cause functional defects in subcellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, and mitochondria, causing metabolic diseases. This review explores how intracellular Ca2+ overload negatively regulates the membrane localization of PIP-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Woźniak P, Kleczka A, Jasik K, Kabała-Dzik A, Dzik R, Stojko J. The Effect of Natural Substances Contained in Bee Products on Prostate Cancer in In Vitro Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:5719. [PMID: 37570691 PMCID: PMC10420981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men in older age groups. The WHO forecasts an increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in the coming years. Patients may not respond to treatment, and may not tolerate the side effects of chemotherapy. Compounds of natural origin have long been used in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Flavonoids obtained from natural products, e.g., propolis, are compounds with proven antibacterial and antiviral efficacy which modulate the immune response and may be useful as adjuvants in chemotherapy. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic properties of selected flavonoids on prostate cancer cells of the LNCaP line. The compounds used in this study were CAPE, curcumin (CUR), and quercetin (QUE). Mitochondrial and lysosome metabolism was assessed by the XTT-NR-SRB triple assay as well as by the fluorescent staining techniques. Staining for reactive oxygen species was performed as well. The experiment showed that each of the tested compounds has a cytotoxic effect on the LNCaP cell line. Different types of cell death were induced by the tested compounds. Apoptosis was induced by quercetin, while autophagy-specific changes were observed after using CAPE. Compounds obtained from other bee products have antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity against LNCaP prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Woźniak
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (P.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Anna Kleczka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Krzysztof Jasik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Agata Kabała-Dzik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Radosław Dzik
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (P.W.); (J.S.)
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21
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Önder CE, Ziegler TJ, Becker R, Brucker SY, Hartkopf AD, Engler T, Koch A. Advancing Cancer Therapy Predictions with Patient-Derived Organoid Models of Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3602. [PMID: 37509265 PMCID: PMC10377262 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor outcome of metastasized breast cancer (BC) stresses the need for reliable personalized oncology and the significance of models recapitulating the heterogeneous nature of BC. Here, we cultured metastatic tumor cells derived from advanced BC patients with malignant ascites (MA) or malignant pleural effusion (MPE) using organoid technology. We identified the characteristics of tumor organoids by applying immunohistochemistry and mutation analysis. Tumor organoids preserved their expression patterns and hotspot mutations when compared to their original metastatic counterpart and are consequently a well-suited in vitro model for metastasized BC. We treated the tumor organoids to implement a reliable application for drug screenings of metastasized cells. Drug assays revealed that responses are not always in accord with expression patterns, pathway activation, and hotspot mutations. The discrepancy between characterization and functional testing underlines the relevance of linking IHC stainings and mutational analysis of metastasized BC with in vitro drug assays. Our metastatic BC organoids recapitulate the characteristics of their original sample derived from MA and MPE and serve as an invaluable tool that can be utilized in a preclinical setting for guiding therapy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu E Önder
- Research Institute for Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Teresa J Ziegler
- Research Institute for Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ronja Becker
- Research Institute for Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Research Institute for Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas D Hartkopf
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engler
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Research Institute for Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Zhang R, Akhtar N, Wani AK, Raza K, Kaushik V. Discovering Deleterious Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Human AKT1 Oncogene: An In Silico Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1532. [PMID: 37511907 PMCID: PMC10381612 DOI: 10.3390/life13071532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AKT1 is a serine/threonine kinase necessary for the mediation of apoptosis, angiogenesis, metabolism, and cell proliferation in both normal and cancerous cells. The mutations in the AKT1 gene have been associated with different types of cancer. Further, the AKT1 gene mutations are also reported to be associated with other diseases such as Proteus syndrome and Cowden syndromes. Hence, this study aims to identify the deleterious AKT1 missense SNPs and predict their effect on the function and structure of the AKT1 protein using various computational tools. METHODS Extensive in silico approaches were applied to identify deleterious SNPs of the human AKT1 gene and assessment of their impact on the function and structure of the AKT1 protein. The association of these highly deleterious missense SNPs with different forms of cancers was also analyzed. The in silico approach can help in reducing the cost and time required to identify SNPs associated with diseases. RESULTS In this study, 12 highly deleterious SNPs were identified which could affect the structure and function of the AKT1 protein. Out of the 12, four SNPs-namely, G157R, G159V, G336D, and H265Y-were predicted to be located at highly conserved residues. G157R could affect the ligand binding to the AKT1 protein. Another highly deleterious SNP, R273Q, was predicted to be associated with liver cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study can be useful for pharmacogenomics, molecular diagnosis of diseases, and developing inhibitors of the AKT1 oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Khalid Raza
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Vikas Kaushik
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
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23
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Chen M, Wang K, Han Y, Yan S, Yuan H, Liu Q, Li L, Li N, Zhu H, Lu D, Wang K, Liu F, Luo D, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Li D, Zhang L, Ji H, Zhou H, Chen Y, Qin J, Gao D. Identification of XAF1 as an endogenous AKT inhibitor. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112690. [PMID: 37384528 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AKT kinase is a key regulator in cell metabolism and survival, and its activation is strictly modulated. Herein, we identify XAF1 (XIAP-associated factor) as a direct interacting protein of AKT1, which strongly binds the N-terminal region of AKT1 to block its K63-linked poly-ubiquitination and subsequent activation. Consistently, Xaf1 knockout causes AKT activation in mouse muscle and fat tissues and reduces body weight gain and insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet. Pathologically, XAF1 expression is low and anti-correlated with the phosphorylated p-T308-AKT signal in prostate cancer samples, and Xaf1 knockout stimulates the p-T308-AKT signal to accelerate spontaneous prostate tumorigenesis in mice with Pten heterozygous loss. And ectopic expression of wild-type XAF1, but not the cancer-derived P277L mutant, inhibits orthotopic tumorigenesis. We further identify Forkhead box O 1 (FOXO1) as a transcriptional regulator of XAF1, thus forming a negative feedback loop between AKT1 and XAF1. These results reveal an important intrinsic regulatory mechanism of AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kangjunjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ying Han
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shukun Yan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huairui Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ni Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dayun Lu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dakui Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Daming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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24
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Caserta S, Genovese C, Cicero N, Gangemi S, Allegra A. The Anti-Cancer Effect of Cinnamon Aqueous Extract: A Focus on Hematological Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051176. [PMID: 37240821 DOI: 10.3390/life13051176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon is an evergreen and tropical plant of the family Lauraceae, growing particularly in Sri Lanka, whose aqueous extract has been tested in different studies to evaluate its possible use as an anti-cancer compound. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments seem to confirm that it acts on various cellular pathways, contributing to down-regulating the activity of molecules that stimulate the proliferation and survival of cells such as the transcription factors NF-KB and AP-1, COX-2, dihydrofolate reductase and pro-angiogenic substances such as VEGF, while up-regulating the function of immune cells against tumors, such as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. In hematological malignancies, aqueous cinnamon extract has been studied in order to understand if it is possible to count on its help, alone or in combination with traditional drugs such as doxorubicin, to treat patients. The aim of our work is to investigate results from in vitro and in vivo studies about the possible anti-cancer effect of aqueous cinnamon extract in hematological malignancies and the different pathways involved in its action. The possibility of using cinnamon extract in clinical practice is discussed; even if its use could appear very interesting, more studies are necessary to clear the real potentiality of this substance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santino Caserta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Genovese
- National Research Council, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, Via Empedocle 58, 95128 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
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25
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Das R, Agrawal S, Kumar P, Singh AK, Shukla PK, Bhattacharya I, Tiwari KN, Mishra SK, Tripathi AK. Network pharmacology of apigeniflavan: a novel bioactive compound of Trema orientalis Linn. in the treatment of pancreatic cancer through bioinformatics approaches. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:160. [PMID: 37151998 PMCID: PMC10156893 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh most prevalent cause of mortality globally. Since time immemorial, plant-derived products have been in use as therapeutic agents due to the existence of biologically active molecules called secondary metabolites. Flavonoids obtained from plants participate in cell cycle arrest, induce autophagy and apoptosis, and decrease oxidative stress in pancreatic cancer. The present study involves network pharmacology-based study of the methanolic leaf extract of Trema orientalis (MLETO) Linn. From the high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis, 21 nucleated flavonoids were screened out, of which only apigeniflavan was selected for further studies because it followed Lipinski's rule and showed no toxicity. The pharmacokinetics and physiochemical characteristics of apigeniflavan were performed using the online web servers pkCSM, Swiss ADME, and ProTox-II. This is the first in silico study to report the efficiency of apigeniflavan in pancreatic cancer treatment. The targets of apigeniflavan were fetched from SwissTargetPrediction database. The targets of pancreatic cancer were retrieved from DisGeNET and GeneCards. The protein-protein interaction of the common genes using Cytoscape yielded the top five hub genes: KDR, VEGFA, AKT1, SRC, and ESR1. Upon molecular docking, the lowest binding energies corresponded to best docking score which indicated the highest protein-ligand affinity. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was employed to see the involvement of hub genes in pathways related to pancreatic cancer. The following, pancreatic cancer pathway, MAPK, VEGF, PI3K-Akt, and ErbB signaling pathways, were found to be significant. Our results indicate the involvement of the hub genes in tumor growth, invasion and proliferation in the above-mentioned pathways, and therefore necessitating their downregulation. Moreover, apigeniflavan can flourish as a promising drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760 Gujarat India
| | - Shreni Agrawal
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760 Gujarat India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 UP India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 UP India
| | | | - Indrani Bhattacharya
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760 Gujarat India
| | | | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 UP India
| | - Amit Kumar Tripathi
- School of Basic and Applied Science, Galgotias University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida, 203201 UP India
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26
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Khadela A, Postwala H, Rana D, Dave H, Ranch K, Boddu SHS. A review of recent advances in the novel therapeutic targets and immunotherapy for lung cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:152. [PMID: 37071269 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is amongst the most pervasive malignancies having high mortality rates. It is broadly grouped into non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The concept of personalized medicine has overshadowed the conventional chemotherapy given to all patients with lung cancer. The targeted therapy is given to a particular population having specific mutations to help in the better management of lung cancer. The targeting pathways for NSCLC include the epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, MET (Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor) oncogene, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). SCLC targeting pathway includes Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors, checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK 1) pathway, WEE1 pathway, Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)/Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and Delta-like canonical Notch ligand 3 (DLL-Immune checkpoint inhibitors like programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) blockade are also utilized in the management of lung cancer. Many of the targeted therapies are still under development and require clinical trials to establish their safety and efficacy. This review summarizes the mechanism of molecular targets and immune-mediated targets, recently approved drugs, and their clinical trials for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
| | - Humzah Postwala
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Deval Rana
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Hetvi Dave
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Ketan Ranch
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharm. Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Gabriel Francia M, Oses C, Lorena Roberti S, Reneé Garcia M, Helio Cozza L, Candelaria Diaz M, Levi V, Sonia Guberman A. SUMOylation and the oncogenic E17K mutation affect AKT1 subcellular distribution and impact on Nanog-binding dynamics to chromatin in embryonic stem cells. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107961. [PMID: 37059313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
AKT/PKB is a kinase involved in the regulation of a plethora of cell processes. Particularly, in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), AKT is crucial for the maintenance of pluripotency. Although the activation of this kinase relies on its recruitment to the cellular membrane and subsequent phosphorylation, multiple other post-translational modifications (PTMs), including SUMOylation, fine-tune its activity and target specificity. Since this PTM can also modify the localization and availability of different proteins, in this work we explored if SUMOylation impacts on the subcellular compartmentalization and distribution of AKT1 in ESCs. We found that this PTM does not affect AKT1 membrane recruitment, but it modifies the AKT1 nucleus/cytoplasm distribution, increasing its nuclear presence. Additionally, within this compartment, we found that AKT1 SUMOylation also impacts on the chromatin-binding dynamics of NANOG, a central pluripotency transcription factor. Remarkably, the oncogenic E17K AKT1 mutant produces major changes in all these parameters increasing the binding of NANOG to its targets, also in a SUMOylation dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that SUMOylation modulates AKT1 subcellular distribution, thus adding an extra layer of regulation of its function, possibly by affecting the specificity and interaction with its downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gabriel Francia
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Oses
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Lorena Roberti
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mora Reneé Garcia
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Helio Cozza
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Candelaria Diaz
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Levi
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Sonia Guberman
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Cabello P, Torres-Ruiz S, Adam-Artigues A, Forés-Martos J, Martínez MT, Hernando C, Zazo S, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rovira A, Burgués O, Rojo F, Albanell J, Lluch A, Bermejo B, Cejalvo JM, Eroles P. miR-146a-5p Promotes Angiogenesis and Confers Trastuzumab Resistance in HER2+ Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072138. [PMID: 37046799 PMCID: PMC10093389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab treatment has significantly improved the prognosis of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Despite this, resistance to therapy still remains the main clinical challenge. In order to evaluate the implication of microRNAs in the trastuzumab response, we performed a microRNA array in parental and acquired trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines. Our results identified miR-146a-5p as the main dysregulated microRNA. Interestingly, high miR-146a-5p expression in primary tumor tissue significantly correlated with shorter disease-free survival in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. The gain- and loss-of-function of miR-146a-5p modulated the response to trastuzumab. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-146a-5p increased migration and angiogenesis, and promoted cell cycle progression by reducing CDKN1A expression. Exosomes from trastuzumab-resistant cells showed a high level of miR-146a-5p expression compared with the parental cells. In addition, the co-culture with resistant cells’ exosomes was able to decrease in sensitivity and increase the migration capacities in trastuzumab-sensitive cells, as well as angiogenesis in HUVEC-2 cells. Collectively, these data support the role of miR-146a-5p in resistance to trastuzumab, and demonstrate that it can be transferred by exosomes conferring resistance properties to other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cabello
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- International University of Valencia—VIU, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - María Teresa Martínez
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernando
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Department of Pathology, Jiménez Díaz Foundation, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Rovira
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Octavio Burgués
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Department of Pathology, Jiménez Díaz Foundation, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Bermejo
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Cejalvo
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Eroles
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, Polytechnic University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Balasundaram A, Kumar S U, D TK, Anil Dedge A, R G, K SS, R S, C GPD. The targeted next-generation sequence revealed SMAD4, AKT1, and TP53 mutations from circulating cell-free DNA of breast cancer and its effect on protein structure - A computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15584-15597. [PMID: 37011004 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2191122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer biomarkers that detect marginally advanced stages are still challenging. The detection of specific abnormalities, targeted therapy selection, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment effectiveness over time are all made possible by circulating free DNA (cfDNA) analysis. The proposed study will detect specific genetic abnormalities from the plasma cfDNA of a female breast cancer patient by sequencing a cancer-related gene panel (MGM455 - Oncotrack Ultima), including 56 theranostic genes (SNVs and small INDELs). Initially, we determined the pathogenicity of the observed mutations using PredictSNP, iStable, Align-GVGD, and ConSurf servers. As a next step, molecular dynamics (MD) was implemented to determine the functional significance of SMAD4 mutation (V465M). Lastly, the mutant gene relationships were examined using the Cytoscape plug-in GeneMANIA. Using ClueGO, we determined the gene's functional enrichment and integrative analysis. The structural characteristics of SMAD4 V465M protein by MD simulation analysis further demonstrated that the mutation was deleterious. The simulation showed that the native structure was more significantly altered by the SMAD4 (V465M) mutation. Our findings suggest that SMAD4 V465M mutation might be significantly associated with breast cancer, and other patient-found mutations (AKT1-E17K and TP53-R175H) are synergistically involved in the process of SMAD4 translocate to nuclease, which affects the target gene translation. Therefore, this combination of gene mutations could alter the TGF-β signaling pathway in BC. We further proposed that the SMAD4 protein loss may contribute to an aggressive phenotype by inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway. Thus, breast cancer's SMAD4 (V465M) mutation might increase their invasive and metastatic capabilities.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambritha Balasundaram
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Udhaya Kumar S
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumal Kumar D
- Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aditi Anil Dedge
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gnanasambandan R
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Srinivas K
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Siva R
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ijad N, Dahal A, Kim AE, Wakimoto H, Juratli TA, Brastianos PK. Novel Systemic Approaches for the Management of Meningiomas. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2023; 34:447-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Shaw AL, Parson MAH, Truebestein L, Jenkins ML, Leonard TA, Burke JE. ATP-competitive and allosteric inhibitors induce differential conformational changes at the autoinhibitory interface of Akt1. Structure 2023; 31:343-354.e3. [PMID: 36758543 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Akt is a master regulator of pro-growth signaling in the cell. Akt is activated by phosphoinositides that disrupt the autoinhibitory interface between the kinase and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains and then is phosphorylated at T308 and S473. Akt hyperactivation is oncogenic, which has spurred development of potent and selective inhibitors as therapeutics. Using hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), we interrogated the conformational changes upon binding Akt ATP-competitive and allosteric inhibitors. We compared inhibitors against three different states of Akt1. The allosteric inhibitor caused substantive conformational changes and restricts membrane binding. ATP-competitive inhibitors caused extensive allosteric conformational changes, altering the autoinhibitory interface and leading to increased membrane binding, suggesting that the PH domain is more accessible for membrane binding. This work provides unique insight into the autoinhibitory conformation of the PH and kinase domain and conformational changes induced by Akt inhibitors and has important implications for the design of Akt targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria L Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Matthew A H Parson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Linda Truebestein
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Meredith L Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Thomas A Leonard
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Comparison of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin/4E-binding protein 1 pathway signal activation in round stromal and surface cells in patients with sclerosing pneumocytoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 244:154384. [PMID: 36878109 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Sclerosing pneumocytoma (SP) is a rare benign epithelial tumor of the lung, and approximately 40 % of patients with SP present with AKT1 E17K mutation. SP cells comprise proliferated surface and round stromal cells. To elucidate the role of signal transductions and to identify the difference between surface and stromal cells, the current study aimed to investigate the activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/4E-binding protein 1 signaling pathway in SP. METHODS: The molecular and pathological characteristics of SP in 12 patients were analyzed. AKT1 gene analysis revealed AKT1 E17K mutation in four cases. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that tumor cells were cytoplasmic positive for pAkt, pmTOR, p4EBP1, and pS6RP. The surface cells had a significantly higher expression of pmTOR (p = 0.002) and a significantly lower expression of p4EBP1 (p = 0.017) than stromal cells. SP without AKT1 E17K mutation had a higher positive correlation with pacts, p4EBP1, pmTOR, and pS6RP expression than SP with AKT1 E17K mutation. These findings may be attributed to the aberrant activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway due to AKT1 E17K mutations. Hence, both surface and round stromal cells have tumorigenic characteristics, and differences in these characteristics may contribute to variations in tumor growth and the morphology and angiogenesis of SP.
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Candido MF, Medeiros M, Veronez LC, Bastos D, Oliveira KL, Pezuk JA, Valera ET, Brassesco MS. Drugging Hijacked Kinase Pathways in Pediatric Oncology: Opportunities and Current Scenario. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020664. [PMID: 36839989 PMCID: PMC9966033 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancer is considered rare, corresponding to ~3% of all malignant neoplasms in the human population. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a universal occurrence of more than 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants around the globe, and despite improvements in diagnosis, treatment and supportive care, one child dies of cancer every 3 min. Consequently, more efficient, selective and affordable therapeutics are still needed in order to improve outcomes and avoid long-term sequelae. Alterations in kinases' functionality is a trademark of cancer and the concept of exploiting them as drug targets has burgeoned in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry of the 21st century. Consequently, an increasing plethora of inhibitors has emerged. In the present study, the expression patterns of a selected group of kinases (including tyrosine receptors, members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways, coordinators of cell cycle progression, and chromosome segregation) and their correlation with clinical outcomes in pediatric solid tumors were accessed through the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform and by a thorough search of published literature. To further illustrate the importance of kinase dysregulation in the pathophysiology of pediatric cancer, we analyzed the vulnerability of different cancer cell lines against their inhibition through the Cancer Dependency Map portal, and performed a search for kinase-targeted compounds with approval and clinical applicability through the CanSAR knowledgebase. Finally, we provide a detailed literature review of a considerable set of small molecules that mitigate kinase activity under experimental testing and clinical trials for the treatment of pediatric tumors, while discuss critical challenges that must be overcome before translation into clinical options, including the absence of compounds designed specifically for childhood tumors which often show differential mutational burdens, intrinsic and acquired resistance, lack of selectivity and adverse effects on a growing organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ferreira Candido
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Medeiros
- Regional Blood Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chain Veronez
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - David Bastos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Laissa Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-9144; Fax: +55-16-3315-4886
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Stehle J, Weisner J, Eichhorn L, Rauh D, Drescher M. Insights into the Conformational Plasticity of the Protein Kinase Akt1 by Multi-Lateral Dipolar Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203959. [PMID: 36795969 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt1 is part of the PI3 K/Akt pathway and plays a key role in the regulation of various cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Here, we analyzed the elasticity between the two domains of the kinase Akt1, connected by a flexible linker, recording a wide variety of distance restraints by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We studied full length Akt1 and the influence of the cancer-associated mutation E17K. The conformational landscape in the presence of different modulators, like different types of inhibitors and membranes was presented, revealing a tuned flexibility between the two domains, dependent on the bound molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Stehle
- Department of Chemistry and, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jörn Weisner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD) am Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Leanne Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry and, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD) am Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Malte Drescher
- Department of Chemistry and, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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Paccosi E, Balzerano A, Proietti-De-Santis L. Interfering with the Ubiquitin-Mediated Regulation of Akt as a Strategy for Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032809. [PMID: 36769122 PMCID: PMC9917864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt modulates the functions of numerous substrates, many of them being involved in cell proliferation and growth, metabolism, angiogenesis, resistance to hypoxia and migration. Akt is frequently deregulated in many types of human cancers, its overexpression or abnormal activation being associated with the increased proliferation and survival of cancer cells. A promising avenue for turning off the functionality of Akt is to either interfere with the K63-linked ubiquitination that is necessary for Akt membrane recruitment and activation or increase the K48-linked polyubiquitination that aims to target Akt to the proteasome for its degradation. Recent evidence indicates that targeting the ubiquitin proteasome system is effective for certain cancer treatments. In this review, the functions and roles of Akt in human cancer will be discussed, with a main focus on molecules and compounds that target various elements of the ubiquitination processes that regulate the activation and inactivation of Akt. Moreover, their possible and attractive implications for cancer therapy will be discussed.
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36
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Wang EJ, Haddad AF, Young JS, Morshed RA, Wu JPH, Salha DM, Butowski N, Aghi MK. Recent advances in the molecular prognostication of meningiomas. Front Oncol 2023; 12:910199. [PMID: 36686824 PMCID: PMC9845914 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.910199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial neoplasm. While traditionally viewed as benign, meningiomas are associated with significant patient morbidity, and certain meningioma subgroups display more aggressive and malignant behavior with higher rates of recurrence. Historically, the risk stratification of meningioma recurrence has been primarily associated with the World Health Organization histopathological grade and surgical extent of resection. However, a growing body of literature has highlighted the value of utilizing molecular characteristics to assess meningioma aggressiveness and recurrence risk. In this review, we discuss preclinical and clinical evidence surrounding the use of molecular classification schemes for meningioma prognostication. We also highlight how molecular data may inform meningioma treatment strategies and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaina J. Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alexander F. Haddad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jacob S. Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ramin A. Morshed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joshua P. H. Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Diana M. Salha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas Butowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Manish K. Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Manish K. Aghi,
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37
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Yuan Y, Long H, Zhou Z, Fu Y, Jiang B. PI3K-AKT-Targeting Breast Cancer Treatments: Natural Products and Synthetic Compounds. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010093. [PMID: 36671478 PMCID: PMC9856042 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. The high incidence of breast cancer, which is continuing to rise, makes treatment a significant challenge. The PI3K-AKT pathway and its downstream targets influence various cellular processes. In recent years, mounting evidence has shown that natural products and synthetic drugs targeting PI3K-AKT signaling have the potential to treat breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of breast cancer and highlight PI3K-AKT-targeting natural products and drugs in clinical trials for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqin Yuan
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Huizhi Long
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yuting Fu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Binyuan Jiang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence:
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Danish H, Brastianos P. Novel Medical Therapies in Meningiomas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1416:213-223. [PMID: 37432630 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29750-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumor in adults and have been historically managed with surgery and radiation therapy. However, in patients with inoperable, recurrent or high-grade tumors, medical therapy is often needed. Traditional chemotherapy and hormone therapy have been largely ineffective. However, with improved understanding of the molecular drivers in meningioma, there has been increasing interest in targeted molecular and immune therapies. In this chapter, we will discuss recent advances in meningioma genetics and biology and review current clinical trials with targeted molecular treatment and other novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husain Danish
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Divisions of Neuro-Oncology and Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Priscilla Brastianos
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Divisions of Neuro-Oncology and Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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The multiomic landscape of meningiomas: a review and update. J Neurooncol 2023; 161:405-414. [PMID: 36840836 PMCID: PMC9988797 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Traditionally they have been understudied compared to other central nervous system (CNS) tumors. However over the last decade, there has been renewed interest in uncovering the molecular topography of these tumors, with landmark studies identifying key driver alterations contributing to meningioma development and progression. Recent work from several independent research groups have integrated different genomic and epigenomic platforms to develop a molecular-based classification scheme for meningiomas that could supersede histopathological grading in terms of diagnostic accuracy, biological relevance, and outcome prediction, keeping pace with contemporary grading schemes for other CNS tumors including gliomas and medulloblastomas. METHODS Here we summarize the studies that have uncovered key alterations in meningiomas which builds towards the discovery of consensus molecular groups in meningiomas by integrating these findings. These groups supersede WHO grade and other clinical factors in being able to accurately predict tumor biology and clinical outcomes following surgery. RESULTS Despite differences in the nomenclature of recently uncovered molecular groups across different studies, the biological similarities between these groups enables us to likely reconciliate these groups into four consensus molecular groups: two benign groups largely dichotomized by NF2-status, and two clinically aggressive groups defined by their hypermetabolic transcriptome, and by their preponderance of proliferative, cell-cycling pathways respectively. CONCLUSION Future work, including by our group and others are underway to validate these molecular groups and harmonize the nomenclature for routine clinical use.
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Papadimitriou MC, Pazaiti A, Iliakopoulos K, Markouli M, Michalaki V, Papadimitriou CA. Resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition: Mechanisms and strategies to overcome a therapeutic problem in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119346. [PMID: 36030016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Selective CDK4/6 inhibitors, such as palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, have been approved in combination with hormone therapy for the treatment of patients with HR+, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Despite their promising activity, approximately 10 % of patients have de novo resistance, while the rest of them will develop acquired resistance after 24-28 months when used as first-line therapy and after a shorter period when used as second-line therapy. Various mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors have been described, including cell cycle-related mechanisms, such as RB loss, p16 amplification, CDK6 or CDK4 amplification, and cyclin E-CDK2 amplification. Other bypass mechanisms involve the activation of FGFR or PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Identifying the different mechanisms by which resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors occurs may help to design new treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes. This review presents the currently available knowledge on the mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors, explores possible treatment strategies that could overcome this therapeutic problem, and summarizes relevant recent clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios C Papadimitriou
- Oncology Unit, Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Pazaiti
- Breast Clinic of Oncologic and Reconstructive Surgery, Metropolitan General Hospital, Leoforos Mesogeion 264, 155 62 Cholargos, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Iliakopoulos
- Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Mariam Markouli
- Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Michalaki
- Oncology Unit, Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos A Papadimitriou
- Oncology Unit, Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece.
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Analysis of matched primary and recurrent BRCA1/2 mutation-associated tumors identifies recurrence-specific drivers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6728. [PMID: 36344544 PMCID: PMC9640723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence is a major cause of death among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with breast (BrCa) and ovarian cancers (OvCa). Herein we perform multi-omic sequencing on 67 paired primary and recurrent BrCa and OvCa from 27 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers to identify potential recurrence-specific drivers. PARP1 amplifications are identified in recurrences (False Discovery Rate q = 0.05), and PARP1 is significantly overexpressed across primary BrCa and recurrent BrCa and OvCa, independent of amplification status. RNA sequencing analysis finds two BRCA2 isoforms, BRCA2-201/Long and BRCA2-001/Short, respectively predicted to be sensitive and insensitive to nonsense-mediated decay. BRCA2-001/Short is expressed more frequently in recurrences and associated with reduced overall survival in breast cancer (87 vs. 121 months; Hazard Ratio = 2.5 [1.18-5.5]). Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) status is discordant in 25% of patient's primary and recurrent tumors, with switching between both LOH and lack of LOH found. Our study reveals multiple potential drivers of recurrent disease in BRCA1/2 mutation-associated cancer, improving our understanding of tumor evolution and suggesting potential biomarkers.
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Inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway negatively regulates PTEN expression via miRNAs. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1637-1647. [PMID: 36331296 PMCID: PMC9827858 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays important roles in cancer development, and the negative role of PTEN in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is well known, but whether PTEN can be inversely regulated by PI3K/AKT/mTOR has rarely been reported. Here we aim to investigate the potential regulatory relationship between PTEN and Akt/mTOR inhibition in MEFs. AKT1 E17K and TSC2 -/- MEFs were treated with the AKT inhibitor MK2206 and the mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and Torin2. Our results reveal that inhibition of AKT or mTOR suppresses PTEN expression in AKT1 E17K and TSC2 -/- MEFs, but the transcription, subcellular localization, eIF4E-dependent translational initiation or lysosome- and proteasome-mediated degradation of PTEN change little, as shown by the real time PCR, nucleus cytoplasm separation assay and immunofluorescence analysis. Moreover, mTOR suppression leads to augmentation of mouse PTEN-3'UTR-binding miRNAs, including miR-23a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-25-3p and miR-26a-5p, as shown by the dual luciferase reporter assay and miRNA array analysis, and miRNA inhibitors collaborately rescue the decline of PTEN level. Collectively, our findings confirm that inhibition of mTOR suppresses PTEN expression by upregulating miRNAs, provide a novel explanation for the limited efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of mTOR activation-related tumors, and indicate that dual inhibition of mTOR and miRNA is a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome the resistance of mTOR-related cancer treatment.
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Inglebert M, Dettwiler M, Hahn K, Letko A, Drogemuller C, Doench J, Brown A, Memari Y, Davies HR, Degasperi A, Nik-Zainal S, Rottenberg S. A living biobank of canine mammary tumor organoids as a comparative model for human breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18051. [PMID: 36302863 PMCID: PMC9614008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors in dogs hold great potential as naturally occurring breast cancer models in translational oncology, as they share the same environmental risk factors, key histological features, hormone receptor expression patterns, prognostic factors, and genetic characteristics as their human counterparts. We aimed to develop in vitro tools that allow functional analysis of canine mammary tumors (CMT), as we have a poor understanding of the underlying biology that drives the growth of these heterogeneous tumors. We established the long-term culture of 24 organoid lines from 16 dogs, including organoids derived from normal mammary epithelium or benign lesions. CMT organoids recapitulated key morphological and immunohistological features of the primary tissue from which they were derived, including hormone receptor status. Furthermore, genetic characteristics (driver gene mutations, DNA copy number variations, and single-nucleotide variants) were conserved within tumor-organoid pairs. We show how CMT organoids are a suitable model for in vitro drug assays and can be used to investigate whether specific mutations predict therapy outcomes. Specifically, certain CMT subtypes, such as PIK3CA mutated, estrogen receptor-positive simple carcinomas, can be valuable in setting up a preclinical model highly relevant to human breast cancer research. In addition, we could genetically modify the CMT organoids and use them to perform pooled CRISPR/Cas9 screening, where library representation was accurately maintained. In summary, we present a robust 3D in vitro preclinical model that can be used in translational research, where organoids from normal, benign as well as malignant mammary tissues can be propagated from the same animal to study tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Inglebert
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Dettwiler
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Vetscope Pathologie Dettwiler, Lörracherstrasse 50, 4125, Riehen, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Hahn
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Animal Pathology, COMPATH, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Letko
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cord Drogemuller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Doench
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Adam Brown
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Yasin Memari
- Early Cancer Institute, Hutchison Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen R Davies
- Early Cancer Institute, Hutchison Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Degasperi
- Early Cancer Institute, Hutchison Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Early Cancer Institute, Hutchison Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Institute of Animal Pathology, COMPATH, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Fang H, Li H, Zhang H, Wang S, Xu S, Chang L, Yang Y, Cui R. Short-chain L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase: A novel vital oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in cancers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1019312. [PMID: 36313354 PMCID: PMC9614034 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1019312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of cellular metabolism is frequently linked to tumorigenesis. Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are the specific substrates involved in how an organism maintains metabolic equilibrium. The HADH gene codes for the short-chain L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH), a crucial enzyme in fatty acid oxidation that catalyzes the third phase of fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria. Increasing data suggest that HADH is differentially expressed in various types of malignancies and is linked to cancer development and progression. The significance of HADH expression in tumors and its potential mechanisms of action in the onset and progression of certain cancers are summarized in this article. The possible roles of HADH as a target and/or biomarker for the detection and treatment of various malignancies is also described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanyang Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Chang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Brinzan CS, Aschie M, Cozaru GC, Deacu M, Dumitru E, Burlacu I, Mitroi A. KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and AKT1 signatures in colorectal cancer patients in south-eastern Romania. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30979. [PMID: 36221415 PMCID: PMC9542653 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the oncogenes of the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway play vital roles in colorectal carcinogenesis and have been closely linked with clinical resistance to monoclonal therapy. In this study, we have analyzed the mutation frequencies of 5 genes and compared the genetic findings with clinicopathological variables in order to determine diagnostically relevant alterations and compare these findings with those of other studies In our Sanger sequencings, KRAS (exons 2, 3, and 4), NRAS (exons 2, 3, and 4), PIK3CA (exons 9 and 20), BRAF (exon 15), AKT1 (exon 2) genes, and microsatellite instability (MSI) status were analyzed using an ABI 3500 analyzer in a cohort of 58 Romanian colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who underwent surgical resection at Emergency County Clinical Hospital in Constanța, Romania. In our series, mutation rates of KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and AKT1 genes were 39.63%, 8.62%, 6.88%, and 3.44%, respectively. By contrast, we did not find any tumor harboring mutation in the NRAS gene. Notably, the KRAS and PIK3CA mutations were not mutually exclusive, 1 patient harbored 2 mutations in exon2, codon 12 (Gly12Val) of KRAS and exon 20, codon 1047 (His1047Arg) of PIK3CA. The finding of our study are generally consistent with data found in the literature. Regarding to clinicopathological variables, mutation of KRAS was associated with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis, while mutation of BRAF was significantly associated with MSI-H in contrast with MSI-L/MSS tumors. Moreover, PIK3CA mutation tends to be located in the proximal segment of the colon and to be well/moderately differentiated compared to wild-type tumors. In conclusion, the assessment of these mutations suggests that CRC patients from southeast Romania exhibit a mutation profile similar to other populations. These results could contribute to creating a better method of qualifying patients for molecularly targeted therapies and obtaining better screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costel Stelian Brinzan
- Pathology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Clinical Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
- CEDMOG Center, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
| | - Mariana Aschie
- Pathology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Clinical Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
- CEDMOG Center, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
| | - Georgeta Camelia Cozaru
- Pathology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Clinical Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
- CEDMOG Center, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
| | - Mariana Deacu
- Pathology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Clinical Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
| | - Eugen Dumitru
- CEDMOG Center, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
| | - Ionut Burlacu
- Pathology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Clinical Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
| | - Anca Mitroi
- Pathology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Clinical Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
- CEDMOG Center, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
- *Correspondence: Anca Mitroi, Pathology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd, Constanta 900591, Romania (e-mail: )
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Scicchitano S, Montalcini Y, Lucchino V, Melocchi V, Gigantino V, Chiarella E, Bianchi F, Weisz A, Mesuraca M. Enhanced ZNF521 expression induces an aggressive phenotype in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274785. [PMID: 36191006 PMCID: PMC9529122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological tumor, that almost inevitably relapses and develops chemo-resistance. A better understanding of molecular events underlying the biological behavior of this tumor, as well as identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets are the prerequisite to improve its clinical management. ZNF521 gene amplifications are present in >6% of OCs and its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis, suggesting that it may play an important role in OC. Increased ZNF521 expression resulted in an enhancement of OC HeyA8 and ES-2 cell growth and motility. Analysis of RNA isolated from transduced cells by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR revealed that several genes involved in growth, proliferation, migration and tumor invasiveness are differentially expressed following increased ZNF521 expression. The data illustrate a novel biological role of ZNF521 in OC that, thanks to the early and easy detection by RNA-Seq, can be used as biomarker for identification and treatment of OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Scicchitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
- * E-mail: (SS); (MM)
| | - Ylenia Montalcini
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucchino
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Melocchi
- Unit of Cancer Biomarkers, Fondazione IRCCS–Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Valerio Gigantino
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Emanuela Chiarella
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Unit of Cancer Biomarkers, Fondazione IRCCS–Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health, University of Salerno Campus, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Maria Mesuraca
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
- * E-mail: (SS); (MM)
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Xiang J, Wan Q, Xie L. Detection of ctDNA SNPs by nested real-time Taqman qPCR: a simulation study. Hum Cell 2022; 35:2022-2025. [PMID: 36063292 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junbei Xiang
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wan
- Chengdu Neo-Life Hope Medical Lab. Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linfeng Xie
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Toson B, Fortes IS, Roesler R, Andrade SF. Targeting Akt/PKB in pediatric tumors: A review from preclinical to clinical trials. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106403. [PMID: 35987481 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt is a major player in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and its modulation impacts multiple cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, and survival. Several abnormalities in this pathway have been documented over the years, and these alterations were shown to have great implications in tumorigenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, multiple Akt inhibitors have been developed and tested in adult tumors, and some of them are currently undergoing phase I, II, and III clinical trials for distinct cancers that arise during adulthood. Despite that, the impact of these inhibitors is still not fully understood in pediatric tumors, and Akt-specific targeting seems to be a promising approach to treat children affected by cancers. This review summarizes recent available evidence of Akt inhibitors in pediatric cancers, from both preclinical and clinical studies. In short, we demonstrate the impact that Akt inhibition provides in tumorigenesis, and we suggest targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, alone or in combination with other inhibitors, is a feasible tool to achieve better outcomes in pediatric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Toson
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isadora S Fortes
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Saulo F Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.
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Bae H, Viennet T, Park E, Chu N, Salguero A, Eck MJ, Arthanari H, Cole PA. PH domain-mediated autoinhibition and oncogenic activation of Akt. eLife 2022; 11:80148. [PMID: 35968932 PMCID: PMC9417420 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that plays a central role in metabolism and cancer. Regulation of Akt’s activity involves an autoinhibitory intramolecular interaction between its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and its kinase domain that can be relieved by C-tail phosphorylation. PH domain mutant E17K Akt is a well-established oncogene. Previously, we reported that the conformation of autoinhibited Akt may be shifted by small molecule allosteric inhibitors limiting the mechanistic insights from existing X-ray structures that have relied on such compounds (Chu et al., 2020). Here, we discover unexpectedly that a single mutation R86A Akt exhibits intensified autoinhibitory features with enhanced PH domain-kinase domain affinity. Structural and biochemical analysis uncovers the importance of a key interaction network involving Arg86, Glu17, and Tyr18 that controls Akt conformation and activity. Our studies also shed light on the molecular basis for E17K Akt activation as an oncogenic driver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Bae
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Thibault Viennet
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Nam Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Antonieta Salguero
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Michael J Eck
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Philip A Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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González-Moles MÁ, Warnakulasuriya S, López-Ansio M, Ramos-García P. Hallmarks of Cancer Applied to Oral and Oropharyngeal Carcinogenesis: A Scoping Review of the Evidence Gaps Found in Published Systematic Reviews. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153834. [PMID: 35954497 PMCID: PMC9367256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This scoping review of systematic reviews aims to accurately assess the degree of existing scientific evidence on the cancer hallmarks proposed in 2011 by Hanahan and Weinberg, in the form of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, applied to oral potentially malignant disorders, oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, in order to point out gaps in evidence and lines of research that should be implemented in the future to improve the malignant transformation prediction, diagnosis and/or prognosis of these diseases. Abstract In 2000 and 2011, Hanahan and Weinberg published two papers in which they defined the characteristics that cells must fulfil in order to be considered neoplastic cells in all types of tumours that affect humans, which the authors called “hallmarks of cancer”. These papers have represented a milestone in our understanding of the biology of many types of cancers and have made it possible to reach high levels of scientific evidence in relation to the prognostic impact that these hallmarks have on different tumour types. However, to date, there is no study that globally analyses evidence-based knowledge on the importance of these hallmarks in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. For this reason, we set out to conduct this scoping review of systematic reviews with the aim of detecting evidence gaps in relation to the relevance of the cancer hallmarks proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg in oral and oropharyngeal cancer, and oral potentially malignant disorders, and to point out future lines of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- WHO Collaborating for Oral Cancer, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - María López-Ansio
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramos-García
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
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