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Singh AK, Kumar P, Mishra SK, Rajput VD, Tiwari KN, Singh AK, Minkina T, Pandey AK, Upadhyay P. A Dual Therapeutic Approach to Diabetes Mellitus via Bioactive Phytochemicals Found in a Poly Herbal Extract by Restoration of Favorable Gut Flora and Related Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04879-6. [PMID: 38393580 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic and endocrine condition, poses a serious threat to human health and longevity. The emerging role of gut microbiome associated with bioactive compounds has recently created a new hope for DM treatment. UHPLC-HRMS methods were used to identify these compounds in a poly herbal ethanolic extract (PHE). The effects of PHE on body weight (BW), fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, gut microbiota, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, and the correlation between DM-related indices and gut microbes, in rats were investigated. Chebulic acid (0.368%), gallic acid (0.469%), andrographolide (1.304%), berberine (6.442%), and numerous polysaccharides were the most representative constituents in PHE. A more significant BW gain and a reduction in FBG level towards normal of PHE 600 mg/kg treated rats group were resulted at the end of 28th days of the study. Moreover, the composition of the gut microbiota corroborated the study's hypothesis, as evidenced by an increased ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and some beneficial microbial species, including Prevotella copri and Lactobacillus hamster. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Ruminococcus bromii, and Blautia producta was found to decline in PHE treatment groups as compared to diabetic group. The abundance of beneficial bacteria in PHE 600 mg/kg treatment group was concurrently associated with increased SCFAs concentrations of acetate and propionate (7.26 nmol/g and 4.13 nmol/g). The findings of this study suggest a promising approach to prevent DM by demonstrating that these naturally occurring compounds decreased FBG levels by increasing SCFAs content and SCFAs producing gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov On Don, Russia
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Anand Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Mariahu PG College, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, 222161, India
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov On Don, Russia
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Kaychikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Prabhat Upadhyay
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Sharma A, Dubey PK, Kumar P, Tiwari KN, Tripathi A. Identification and molecular characterization of genes modulating progression of an oocyte from M-I to M-II in rat ovary. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13825. [PMID: 38389407 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To achieve oocyte competence for successful fertilization, bidirectional communication between oocyte and granulosa cells is crucial. The acquisition of meiotic competency in oocyte is facilitated by various regulatory genes however, expression pattern of these genes is not well documented during meiotic transition from Metaphase-I to Metaphase-II stage. Therefore, the present research analyzed the expression pattern of regulatory genes that are involved in the transition from M-I to M-II stages in rat oocyte. METHODS The analysis of the data was conducted by applying an array of bioinformatic tools. The investigation of gene group interactions was carried out by employing the STRING database, which relies on co-expression information. The gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed utilizing the comparative GO database. Functional annotation for GO and pathway enrichment analysis were performed for genes involved in networking. The GO obtained through computational simulations was subsequently validated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS The findings of our study suggest that there is a distinct gene expression pattern in both the oocyte and granulosa cells. This pattern indicates that oocyte-secreted factors, such as BMP15 and GDF9, play a crucial role in regulating the progression of the meiotic cell cycle from the M-I to M-II stages. We have also examined the level of mRNA expression of genes including CYP11A1, CYP19A1, and STAR, which are crucial for the steroidogenesis. CONCLUSIONS It is fascinating to observe that the oscillatory pattern of specific key genes may hold significance in the process of in vitro oocyte maturation, specifically during the transition from the M-I to M-II stage. It might be useful for determining biomarker genes and potential pathways that play a role in attaining oocyte competency, thereby aiding in the assessment of oocyte quality for the purpose of achieving successful fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Sharma
- Zoology Section, MMV, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan K Dubey
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anima Tripathi
- Zoology Section, MMV, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Upadhyay R, Tiwari KN. The antiviral potential of Phyllanthus species: a systematic review. Arch Virol 2023; 168:177. [PMID: 37310509 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections and diseases caused by viruses are worldwide problems. According to a WHO report, three to five million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) each year globally. Since some viruses mutate very quickly, developing antiviral drugs can be a daunting task. Moreover, currently used synthetic drugs are toxic and associated with side effects. Therefore, there is a need to search for alternative natural remedies that have low toxicity, a new mechanism of action, and no major side effects. Phyllanthus plants have traditionally been used to treat viral hepatitis and liver damage in many tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of Phyllanthus spp. against HBV, HCV, HIV, herpes simplex virus, and SARS-CoV-2. The inferences from in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials validate the use of Phyllanthus in antiviral remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Upadhyay
- Department of Botany, Mihir Bhoj PG College, Dadri, G.B. Nagar, 203207, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Das R, Agrawal S, Kumar P, Singh AK, Shukla PK, Bhattacharya I, Tiwari KN, Mishra SK, Tripathi AK. Network pharmacology of apigeniflavan: a novel bioactive compound of Trema orientalis Linn. in the treatment of pancreatic cancer through bioinformatics approaches. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:160. [PMID: 37151998 PMCID: PMC10156893 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh most prevalent cause of mortality globally. Since time immemorial, plant-derived products have been in use as therapeutic agents due to the existence of biologically active molecules called secondary metabolites. Flavonoids obtained from plants participate in cell cycle arrest, induce autophagy and apoptosis, and decrease oxidative stress in pancreatic cancer. The present study involves network pharmacology-based study of the methanolic leaf extract of Trema orientalis (MLETO) Linn. From the high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis, 21 nucleated flavonoids were screened out, of which only apigeniflavan was selected for further studies because it followed Lipinski's rule and showed no toxicity. The pharmacokinetics and physiochemical characteristics of apigeniflavan were performed using the online web servers pkCSM, Swiss ADME, and ProTox-II. This is the first in silico study to report the efficiency of apigeniflavan in pancreatic cancer treatment. The targets of apigeniflavan were fetched from SwissTargetPrediction database. The targets of pancreatic cancer were retrieved from DisGeNET and GeneCards. The protein-protein interaction of the common genes using Cytoscape yielded the top five hub genes: KDR, VEGFA, AKT1, SRC, and ESR1. Upon molecular docking, the lowest binding energies corresponded to best docking score which indicated the highest protein-ligand affinity. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was employed to see the involvement of hub genes in pathways related to pancreatic cancer. The following, pancreatic cancer pathway, MAPK, VEGF, PI3K-Akt, and ErbB signaling pathways, were found to be significant. Our results indicate the involvement of the hub genes in tumor growth, invasion and proliferation in the above-mentioned pathways, and therefore necessitating their downregulation. Moreover, apigeniflavan can flourish as a promising drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760 Gujarat India
| | - Shreni Agrawal
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760 Gujarat India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 UP India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 UP India
| | | | - Indrani Bhattacharya
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760 Gujarat India
| | | | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 UP India
| | - Amit Kumar Tripathi
- School of Basic and Applied Science, Galgotias University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida, 203201 UP India
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Agrawal S, Das R, Singh AK, Kumar P, Shukla PK, Bhattacharya I, Tripathi AK, Mishra SK, Tiwari KN. Network pharmacology-based anti-pancreatic cancer potential of kaempferol and catechin of Trema orientalis L. through computational approach. Med Oncol 2023; 40:133. [PMID: 37010624 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
In pancreatic cancer, healthy cells in the pancreas begin to malfunction and proliferate out of control. According to our conventional knowledge, many plants contain several novel bioactive compounds, having pharmaceutical applications for the treatment of disease like pancreatic cancer. The methanolic fraction of fruit extract of Trema orientalis L. (MFETO) was analysed through HRMS. In this in silico study, pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties of the identified flavonoids from MFETO were screened out by ADMET analysis. Kaempferol and catechin followed Lipinski rules and showed no toxicity in Protox II. Targets of these compounds were taken from SwissTarget prediction and TCMSP whilst targets for pancreatic cancer were taken from GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of common genes was generated through STRING and then exported to the Cytoscape to get top 5 hub genes (AKT1, SRC, EGFR, TNF, and CASP3). The interaction between compounds and hub genes was analysed using molecular docking, and high binding affinity between them can be visualised by Biovia discovery studio visualizer. Our study shows that, five hub genes related to pancreatic cancer play an important role in tumour growth induction, invasion and migration. Kaempferol effectively check cell migration by inhibiting ERK1/2, EGFR-related SRC, and AKT pathways by scavenging ROS whilst catechin inhibited TNFα-induced activation and cell cycle arrest at G1 and G2/M phases by induction of apoptosis of malignant cells. Kaempferol and catechin containing MFETO can be used for formulation of potent drugs for pancreatic cancer treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreni Agrawal
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Richa Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Shukla
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Indrani Bhattacharya
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tripathi
- School of Basic and Applied Science, Galgotias University, Gautam Budha Nagar, Greater Noida, 203201, UP, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
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Singh P, Ranjan R, Tripathi R, Dixit J, Sinha N, Singh AK, Tiwari KN. GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy based metabolite profiling of Panchvalkal kwath (polyherbal formulation). Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:1221-1226. [PMID: 34661480 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1990919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Panchvalkal kwath (PK) is a bark formulation of five pharmacologically important plants, i.e., Ficus benghalensis, Ficus racemosa, Ficus religiosa, Thespesia populnea, and Ficus lacor. The Ayurvedic formulation is being used since ancient times to cure diabetes, bacterial infections and heal wounds. The present study aims to identify the metabolite profiles of PK which could explain its properties and its mode of action against specific diseases and disorders. The aqueous extract of Panchvalkal is prepared through a hot maceration process. The extract is subjected to preliminary identification of phytoconstituents and FTIR spectroscopy to recognize functional groups. GC-MS analysis reveals that the extract is enriched with 24-Norursa-3,12-diene (25.16%); Lup-20(29)-en-3-one (16.76%); 2-methyl-3-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl) propanal (7.04%); 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (11.21%) and 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one (4.15%). The presence of three new phytocompounds that are 4-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methyl-1,3-dioxepane-5,6-diol; 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropylacetate and 4,4,6 A,6B,8A,11,11,14B-octamethyl-1,4,4A,5,6,6A,8,8a,910,11,12,12a,12b,13,14,14a,14b-ctadecahydro-3(2H)-picenone are detected in the extract. Metabolite profiles of the extract also constitute isoeugenol, stigmasterol, ergosterol, ocimene, myrcene, squalene, sphingosine, betulin, methyl ferulate and cis-jasmone, which are unraveled by 1 D 1H and 2 D 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectroscopy. This article focuses on the presence of different phytocompounds in PK in order to demonstrate its efficacy as a therapeutic formulation for a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratistha Singh
- Department of Dravyaguna, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Renuka Ranjan
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Ruchita Tripathi
- Department of Dravyaguna, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Jyoti Dixit
- Department of Botany, M.M.V. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Department of Dravyaguna, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, M.M.V. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India.,School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Tiwari KN, Singh C, Mehata AK, Muthu MS. Premna integrifolia: A Review on the Exploration of its Potential Pharmacological and Therapeutic Properties. CTM 2023. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083809666230314154734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract:
Several Premna species can be found over the entire tropical and subtropical regions of Australia, Asia, and Africa. Many conventional herbal preparations using P. integrifolia (Lamiaceae) have been reported for their potential health advantages. The P. integrifolia is taxonomically ambiguous because of the wide variation in specimens obtained from various geographic locations. The plant is extensively used to treat immune-related disorders, skin conditions, inflammatory conditions, and stomach issues. The root of P. integrifolia is broadly utilized in the manufacture of Ayurvedic pharmaceutical products, such as Dasamula Kvatha and Chayawanprash Avaleha. It has also been identified to have antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and antifungal properties. The current study aims to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of P. integrifolia against various cancers, as well as its antiinflammatory activity, antidiabetic, cardiac-stimulant, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antiarthritic, antiparasitic, and wound healing activity, as well as the presence of various secondary metabolites in different parts of the plant used in a variety of formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University- Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishesh Kumar Mehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University- Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madaswamy S. Muthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University- Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Singh AK, Kumar P, Rajput VD, Mishra SK, Tiwari KN, Singh AK, Minkina T, Pandey AK. Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory Studies, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds Using GC-MS of Ethanolic Novel Polyherbal Extract. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04363-7. [PMID: 36701094 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is the hallmark of diabetes, which is a collection of related metabolic disorders. Over time, diabetes can cause a variety of problems, including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Ethanolic novel polyherbal extract (PHE) was prepared by mixing equal amounts of the following ingredients: Terminalia chebula Retz. (TC), Terminalia bellerica Roxb. (TB), Berberis aristata DC. (BA), Nyctanthes arbostratis L. (NA), Premna integrifolia L. (PI), and Andrographis paniculata Nees. (AP). Analysis of PHE results revealed phytochemicals like glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phytosterols, and saponins. The aim of the study was to prepare an ethanolic extract of PHE using the cold maceration technique, and identify bioactive molecules from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and evaluate biological responses by using in vitro studies like antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. PHE was found to contain a total of 35 phytochemicals in GC-MS of which 22 bioactive compounds were obtained in good proportion. There are a few new ones, including 2-buten-1-ol, 2-ethyl-4-(2, 2, 3-trimethyl-3-cyclopenten-1-yl (17.22%), 1, 2, 5, 6-tetrahydrobenzonitrile (4.26%), 4-piperidinamine, 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-(0.07%), undecanoic acid, 5-chloro-, chloromethyl ester (0.41%), are identified. Antioxidant activity was estimated using EC50 values of 392.143 µg/ml, which were comparable to the standard value of EC50 310.513 µg/ml obtained using DPPH. Antioxidant activity was estimated with EC50 392.143 µg/ml, comparable to standard EC50 310.513 µg/ml using DPPH. In vitro anti-inflammatory potential was found with IC50 of 91.449 µg/ml, comparable to standard IC50 89.451 µg/ml for membrane stabilization and IC50 of 36.940 µg/ml, comparable to standard IC50 35.723 µg/ml for protein denaturation assays. As a result, the findings of this study show an enrichment of bioactive phytochemicals that can be used to investigate biological activity. To better understand how diabetes receptors work, in silico studies like docking could be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov On Don, Russia
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Anand Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, PG College, Mariahu, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, 222161, India
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov On Don, Russia
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Kaychikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
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Kumar P, Sonkar PK, Tiwari KN, Singh AK, Mishra SK, Dixit J, Ganesan V, Singh J. Sensing of mercury ion using light induced aqueous leaf extract mediated green synthesized silver nanoparticles of Cestrum nocturnum L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:79995-80004. [PMID: 35199267 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a simple, one-pot, and eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was accomplished with the use of aqueous leaves extract of Cestrum nocturnum L.(AECN). Different techniques like ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning area electron diffraction were used to investigate the optical, operational, and physical properties of the green synthesized AECN-AgNPs.The AECN-AgNPs were further used for the detection of Hg2+ by UV-Vis and electrochemical methods. The disintegration of the AECN-AgNPs solution caused the formation of an Ag-Hg amalgam, which caused discoloration of the solution. Sensing performance for a variety of metals such as Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu 2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, As3+, and Mn2+ at 10-mM concentrations was measured in order to determine the selectivity of the sensor towards the Hg2+. For the electrochemical determination of 2 + Hg2+ , AECN-AgNPs were immobilized on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode, and the resulting modified electrode (GC/AECN-AgNPs) was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. This phenomenon is advantageously used for the sensitive determination of trace level Hg2+. GC/AECN-AgNPs demonstrated a linear calibration range of 100 nM to 10 μM and a limit of detection of 21 nM for Hg2+ determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Jyoti Dixit
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vellaichamy Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Jasmeet Singh
- Department of Dravyaguna, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Kumar P, Dixit J, Singh AK, Rajput VD, Verma P, Tiwari KN, Mishra SK, Minkina T, Mandzhieva S. Efficient Catalytic Degradation of Selected Toxic Dyes by Green Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Cestrum nocturnum L. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12213851. [PMID: 36364627 PMCID: PMC9655307 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the catalytic degradation of selected toxic dyes (methylene blue, 4-nitrophenol, 4-nitroaniline, and congo red) using biosynthesized green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of Cestrum nocturnum L. was successfully performed. These AgNPs are efficiently synthesized when a reaction mixture containing 5 mL of aqueous extract (3%) and 100 mL of silver nitrate (1 mM) is exposed under sunlight for 5 min. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed based on the change in the color of the reaction mixture from pale yellow to dark brown, with maximum absorbance at 455 nm. Obtained NPs were characterized by different techniques, i.e., FTIR, XRD, HR-TEM, HR-SEM, SAED, XRD, EDX, AFM, and DLS. Green synthesized AgNPs were nearly mono-dispersed, smooth, spherical, and crystalline in nature. The average size of the maximum number of AgNPs was 77.28 ± 2.801 nm. The reduction of dyes using a good reducing agent (NaBH4) was tested. A fast catalytic degradation of dyes took place within a short period of time when AgNPs were added in the reaction mixture in the presence of NaBH4. As a final recommendation, Cestrum nocturnum aqueous leaf extract-mediated AgNPs could be effectively implemented for environmental rehabilitation because of their exceptional performance. This can be utilized in the treatment of industrial wastewater through the breakdown of hazardous dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Jyoti Dixit
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344096 Rostov on Don, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.D.R.); (K.N.T.)
| | - Pooja Verma
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- Correspondence: (V.D.R.); (K.N.T.)
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344096 Rostov on Don, Russia
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344096 Rostov on Don, Russia
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Chauhan BS, Kumar R, Kumar P, Kumar P, Sinha S, Mishra SK, Kumar P, Tiwari KN, Critchley AT, Prithiviraj B, Srikrishna S. Neuroprotective potential of flavonoid rich Ascophyllum nodosum (FRAN) fraction from the brown seaweed on an Aβ 42 induced Alzheimer's model of Drosophila. Phytomedicine 2022; 95:153872. [PMID: 34906893 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathogenesis, aggregation of Aβ42 fibrils strongly correlates with memory dysfunction and neurotoxicity. Till date, no promising cures for AD. Report shows that flavonoids contributed anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and neuroprotection activity by regulating the mitochondrial machinery. Here, we first report the identification of flavonoids from Ascophyllum nodosum as having the ability to dissolve Aβ42 fibrils in an AD model of Drosophila. FRAN could be superior anti-AD agents for neuroprotection, their underlying mechanism and how they collectively halted amyloidogenesis is currently being investigated. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective role of FRAN in the Aβ42 expressing AD model of Drosophila. METHODS Drosophila stocks: OregonR+, ey-GAL4/CyO, elavc155-GAL4, UAS-mitoGFP, UAS-mcherry.mito.OMM, UAS-Aβ42/CyO were used, cultured at 28±1 °C in a BOD incubator. Ascophyllum extract rich in flavonoids as revealed by LC-MS study and employed against the AD flies. The validation of Aβ42 expression was done by immunostaining and q-RT PCR. The eye roughness of AD flies was scored in a dose-dependent manner. Further, In vivo and in silico studies of FRAN extract was executed against Aβ42 induced neurotoxicity. RESULTS In order to determine the most effective lethal dose of FRAN extract concentration 1, 2, 5, 10 mg/ml were screened using OregonR+flies. Extract 1 and 2 mg/ml did not show any lethality. Hence, extract 2 mg/ml was employed on AD flies and a ≥ 50% rescue in the eye phenotype was observed using SEM images. This dose had a strong effect on cell apoptosis, viability, longevity, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress by regulating mitochondrial dynamic markers in comparable to control. Extract also scavenging free radicals in order to maintain in situ cellular ROS and prevent Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity in vivo and in silico. Hence, we suggest its great potential as a future therapeutic agent for AD treatment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, FRAN extract rich in flavonoids as having largest neuroprotective activity against Aβ42 aggregation in eye tissue of Drosophila. Extract shows strong effect against Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity by altering the various cellular and molecular events. So, it could be considered as strong anti-AD agents for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Singh Chauhan
- Cell and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Cell and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Cell and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Cell and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Saket Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Alan T Critchley
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1P 6L2 Canada
| | - Balakrishnan Prithiviraj
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3 Canada
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Cell and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Mishra AK, Tiwari KN, Saini R, Chaurasia JK, Mishra SK. Assessment of antioxidant potential in seed extracts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. and phytochemical profiling by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry system. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e21180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
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Singh C, Upadhyay R, Tiwari KN. Comparative analysis of the seasonal influence on polyphenolic content, antioxidant capacity, identification of bioactive constituents and hepatoprotective biomarkers by in silico docking analysis in Premna integrifolia L. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2022; 28:223-249. [PMID: 35221581 PMCID: PMC8847619 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the effect of different seasons on polyphenol content and antioxidant potential of ethanolic, methanolic, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts of leaves, stems, and roots of Premna integrifolia. Ethyl acetate extract of leaves (EAEPI) collected in the rainy season showed potent antioxidant activity with highest total phenol (74.33 ± 2.26 µg/mg, gallic acid equivalent), and flavonoid (98.83 ± 0.26 µg/mg, rutin equivalent) content. Therefore, EAEPI extract was subjected to characterization by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and GC-MS analysis for the identification of active constituents. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis in + ve ion mode revealed the presence of eight polyphenolic compounds namely quercetin-3-D-xyloside, kaempferol-3,7-O-bis-alpha-L-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-Oglucoside, luteolin-3',7-di-O-glucoside, eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, syringetin-3-O-galactoside, petunidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside and vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of 26 compounds with six major compounds viz; citronellol, phytol acetate, campesterol, squalene, stigmasterol, and hexadecanoic acid. These compounds are reported for the first time from P. integrifolia except phytol and stigmasterol. Our previous study validates the hepatoprotective potential of P. integrifolia but there was no idea about the bioactive compound responsible for the activity. So, in present work, the major compounds identified in spectrometry analysis were subjected to in silico docking against an important liver enzyme alanine amino transaminase to confirm its hepatoprotective properties. Docking analysis validates the presence of two hepatoprotective lead compounds stigmasterol, and campesterol, which satisfy the drug-likeness criteria with good absorption, distribution, metabolism, and toxicity properties. Thus, present work gives a clear insight about the influence of season on the total polyphenolic constituent in different plant parts of P. integrifolia, their antioxidant potential and preclinical evaluation of hepatoprotective lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar Singh
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Richa Upadhyay
- Department of Botany, Mihir Bhoj Postgraduate College, G.B. Nagar, Dadri, Uttar Pradesh 203207 India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
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Singh C, Anand SK, Tiwari KN, Mishra SK, Kakkar P. Phytochemical profiling and cytotoxic evaluation of Premna serratifolia L. against human liver cancer cell line. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:115. [PMID: 33604231 PMCID: PMC7865065 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Premna serratifolia L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions and commonly used in traditional medicine. The current study was focused to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of aqueous extract of root of P. serratifolia (AEPS) against human hepatoblastoma cancer cell line (Hep G2).The yield of the dried extract was 5.8% and used for further studies.Cytotoxic potential of AEPS was analyzed by MTT assay, which exhibits IC50 value 1000 µg/mL after 48 h incubation. Hoechst and AO/EtBr staining, ROS measurement, mitochondrial membrane potential, clonogenic and wound healing assays also confirmed the cytotoxic efficacy of AEPS in dose and time-dependent manner. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis of AEPS confirmed the presence of 12polyphenolic compounds, namely 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, linarin, peonidin-3,5-O-di-beta-glucopyranoside, diosmin, trans-cinnamic acid, daidzein, saponarin, homoorietin, acacetin, sarsasapogenin, phytol and sissotrin. The cytotoxic potential of AEPS might due to presence of biologically active polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar Singh
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sumit Kumar Anand
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001 Uttar Pradesh India
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Singh C, Tiwari KN, Kumar P, Kumar A, Dixit J, Saini R, Mishra SK. Toxicity profiling and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Premna integrifolia L. for its application as protective agent against xenobiotics. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:196-205. [PMID: 33489779 PMCID: PMC7811065 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Premna integrifoliaL. (Lamiaceae) is widely used in herbal formulation “Dashmoolarishta” which is useful in postnatal care. Ethyl acetate extract obtained from the leaves was evaluated for phenolic content and its antioxidant activity. Acute and subacute toxicity of the extract was studied in mice of both sexes to get an idea about LD50 value and assessed its safety profile before its application as a protective agent against different toxicities induced by xenobiotics. Phenol enriched extract (phenol content is 63.10 ± 1.26 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent and flavonoid content 75.33 ± 0.23 mg/g of rutin equivalent) showed good antioxidant activity. In acute toxicity studies it was observed that single different doses (300−5000 mg/kg b.wt.) of extract did not show any mortality of mice. Thus the LD50 of the extract was determined, and it was higher than 5000 mg/kg. There was no major change in behavioral and general appearance of mice. External morphology of liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen and heart did not show any effect of treatment. In subacute toxicity no statistically significant change in body weight, relative organ weight, food intake and water uptake, hematological, biochemical parameters were reported after comparison with control. Extract did not show significant effect in the level of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of mice of treated groups. No histopathological changes were observed in liver and kidney tissues. Thus, extract did not show any sign of toxic effects, when administered orally to male and female mice at dose level up to 1000 mg/kg. So, it can be utilized as protective agent against toxicity produced by different xenobiotics.
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Key Words
- Acute toxicity
- Biochemical parameters
- DPPH, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
- EAEPI, ethyl acetate extract of leaves of P. integrifolia
- GAE, gallic acid equivalents
- Heamatological parameters
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- OECD, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
- PC, polyphenol content
- Premna integrifolia
- RE, rutin equivalents
- Subacute toxicity
- TBA, thiobarbituricacid
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid-reactive species
- TCA, trichloroaceticacid
- TFC, total flavonoid content
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar Singh
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Jyoti Dixit
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Rajesh Saini
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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Srivastava T, Mishra SK, Tiwari OP, Sonkar AK, Tiwari KN, Kumar P, Dixit J, Kumar J, Singh AK, Verma P, Saini R, Singh A, Dwivedi AK. Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of quaternary cadmium (II)-quercetin complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2’-bipyridine ligands. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1806732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, SHEAT College of Pharmacy, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Om Prakash Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Varanasi College of Pharmacy, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Dixit
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Verma
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Saini
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Angaraj Singh
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Upadhyay P, Shukla R, Tiwari KN, Dubey GP, Mishra SK. Neuroprotective effect of Reinwardtia indica against scopolamine induced memory-impairment in rat by attenuating oxidative stress. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:709-725. [PMID: 32026225 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reinwardtia indica belongs to Linaceae family and used as a folk medicine in Asian countries. Traditionally, it has been used in the treatment of paralysis and anti-microbial in wound healing, etc. The current study was undertaken in order to investigate the antioxidant and memory protective effect of the alcoholic (99.90%) (AERI) and hydro-alcoholic (70:30) leaves extract (HAERI) of Reinwardtia indica, against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in animals and also tried to determine the possible mechanism of action. In addition, phytochemical profiling of alcoholic leaves extract was also conducted through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Rats were pretreated with AERI, HAERI (dose 250 and 500 mg/kg) and Donepezil (standard drug) along with scopolamine (1 mg/kg) for a period of 14 days followed by different test like elevated plus maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze to assess learning and memory ability. Acetylcholine levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT & GSH), histopathology of the brain and biochemical test were also performed at the end of the treatment period. The scopolamine treatment resulted in learning and memory deficits which were partially and significantly ameliorated by the AERI at higher dose among other doses of extracts. The AERI at higher dose also counteracted the scopolamine-induced decrease in acetylcholine levels, increase in AChE activity, and decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities. No significant changes observed in the biochemical estimation of all dose of extracts. Histology of brain tissue showed the marked cellular changes in only scopolamine treated group while the standard, AERI and HAERI treated group were showing less damage at hippocampus region of the brain. The phytochemicals found after chemical profiling through GC-MS also supported the activity because of the presence of chemicals already reported for the neuroprotective, memory-enhancing and antioxidant activity, etc. The results demonstrated that the ability of the AERI at higher dose among all doses of extracts has more potential to revert the scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in rats by attenuating the decreased level of acetylcholine and antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rashmi Shukla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - G P Dubey
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Mishra AK, Tiwari KN, Saini R, Kumar P, Mishra SK, Yadav VB, Nath G. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Leaf Extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. and Assessment of Its Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Response. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Singh C, Prakash C, Mishra P, Tiwari KN, Mishra SK, More RS, Kumar V, Singh J. Hepatoprotective efficacy of Premna integrifolia L. leaves against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in mice. Toxicon 2019; 166:88-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sharma A, Tiwari KN. Predicting non-point source of pollution in Maithon reservoir using a semi-distributed hydrological model. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:522. [PMID: 31359154 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-point source (NPS) pollution has been emerged as a major cause for reduced water quality of a lake due to increased human interference and disturbances in the natural condition of the surrounding catchment. The impact is, even more, worsening in the monsoon season when there is increased surface runoff. In the present study, an attempt has been made to predict the seasonal (monsoon) NPS loading in terms of sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorous in Maithon reservoir using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic model. The SWAT model was initially calibrated using monthly runoff and sediment yield data of monsoon period for the year 1998-2005 using observed data of Rajdhanwar station followed by its validation for the observed monthly runoff and sediment data from Giridih and Santrabad for the same duration. The calibrated SWAT model was used to predict the sediment, total nitrogen, and phosphorous influx in the Maithon reservoir. It has been observed that average sediment yield from different micro-watersheds varies from 0.231 to 7.458 ton/ha, while average monthly nitrogen and phosphorous yields vary from 0.224 to 1.377 kg/ha and 0.073 to 0.363 kg/ha, respectively, during the monsoon period. On the other hand, the net monthly average sediment yield and total nitrogen and phosphorous yields in the reservoir were found to be 1.53 M ton, 1834.2 kg, 191.1 kg, respectively. The results indicate there is a substantial influx of nutrients and sediments into the Maithon reservoir. The study not only provides insights on the potential NPS pollutant loading in the reservoir but also enables to identify the hotspot of NPS pollution where immediate mitigation measures have to be taken at priority basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Sharma
- Civil Engineering Department, BRCM College of Engineering and Technology, Bahal, Haryana, 127028, India.
| | - K N Tiwari
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, India Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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Singh C, Kumar J, Kumar P, Chauhan BS, Tiwari KN, Mishra SK, Srikrishna S, Saini R, Nath G, Singh J. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Premna integrifolia (L.) rich in polyphenols and evaluation of their antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1577699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar Singh
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brijesh Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S. Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Saini
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jasmeet Singh
- Faculty of Ayurveda, Department of Dravyagun, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Upadhyay P, Mishra SK, Mishra AK, Kumar P, Pandey N, Tiwari KN, Tilak R, Purohit S, Dubey G. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of a novel Himalayan plant Reinwardtia indica dumort: Scientifically unexplored. Microb Pathog 2019; 127:326-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Singh C, Prakash C, Tiwari KN, Mishra SK, Kumar V. Premna integrifolia ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity by modulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:634-643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Mishra SK, Yadav B, Upadhyay P, Kumar P, Singh C, Dixit J, Tiwari KN. LC-ESI MS/MS Profiling, Antioxidant and Anti Epileptic Activity of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2018.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Singh S, Mishra AK, Lata S, Tiwari KN. Aggravation of cyclophosphamide-induced reproductive toxicity in mice by aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos (L.). BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000300177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Verma JP, Tiwari KN, Yadav J, Mishra AK. Development of Microbial Consortia for Growth Attributes and Protein Content in Micropropagated Bacopa monnieri (L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-016-0743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Singh S, Lata S, Tiwari KN. Antioxidant potential of Phyllanthus fraternus Webster on cyclophosphamide induced changes in sperm characteristics and testicular oxidative damage in mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2015; 53:647-656. [PMID: 26665295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophasphamide (CPA) is used to treat various types of cancer. It is a cytotoxic alkylating agent widely used in chemotherapeutic regimen. However, the clinical efficacy of CPA is marred by its side effects. In clinical applications of CPA, it becomes necessary to prevent the oxidative stress and reproductive toxicity induced thereby in normal cells. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus fraternus (AEPF) on CPA (200 mg/kg body wt., i.p.) induced changes in sperm characteristics and testicular oxidative damage in male mice. The CPA treated group showed significant decrease in gonadosomatic index (GSI), epididymal sperm count, sperm motility and sperm viability compared to control group, while the CPA + AEPF treated group had significant increase with respect to these variables compared to the CPA-treated group. The elevated levels of lipid peroxidation by CPA were effectively reduced with AEPF. It also exhibited protective action against the CPA induced depletion of antioxidants like catalase and superoxide dismutase. DNA damage was measured by comet assay, biomonitoring with comet assay elicited significant increase in genotoxicity. Genotoxicity caused by CPA was counteracted by aqueous extract of Phyllanthus fraternus. Administration of the plant extract along with CPA restored the histopathological architecture of testis. Thus, the aqueous extract of P. fraternus by virtue of its antioxidant potential can be used as an effective agent to reduce CPA-induced oxidative stress in male mice.
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Upadhyay R, Kashyap SP, Singh CS, Tiwari KN, Singh K, Singh M. Ex situ conservation of Phyllanthus fraternus Webster and evaluation of genetic fidelity in regenerates using DNA-based molecular marker. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:2195-208. [PMID: 25172059 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Germplasm storage of Phyllanthus fraternus by using synseed technology has been optimized. Synseeds were prepared from nodal segments taken from in vitro-grown plantlets. An encapsulation matrix of 3 % sodium alginate and 100 mM calcium chloride with polymerization duration up to 15 min was found most suitable for synseed formation. Maximum plantlet conversion (92.5 ± 2.5 %) was obtained on a growth regulator-free ½-strength solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Multiple shoot proliferation was optimum on a ½ MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Shoots were subjected to rooting on MS media containing 1 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and acclimatized successfully. Encapsulated nodal segments can be stored for up to 90 days with a survival frequency of 47.33 %. The clonal fidelity of synseed-derived plantlets was also assessed and compared with that of the mother plant using rapid amplified polymorphic DNA and inter-simple sequence repeat analysis. No changes in molecular profiles were observed among the synseed-derived plantlets and mother plant, which confirms the genetic stability of regenerates. This synseed production protocol could be useful for in vitro multiplication, short-term storage, and exchange of germplasm of this important antiviral and hepatoprotective plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Upadhyay
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India,
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Upadhyay R, Chaurasia JK, Tiwari KN, Singh K. Comparative antioxidant study of stem and stem induced callus of Phyllanthus fraternus webster-an important antiviral and hepatoprotective plant. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:2153-64. [PMID: 24026414 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus fraternus is widely used in the cure of various liver diseases and possess antiviral properties especially against hepatitis virus. In the present study, evaluation of the antioxidant activity of stem and calli induced from stem has been done by different assays. Extraction was done by standard method in water and ethanol. Total antioxidant capacity was measured by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging method. Lipid peroxidation was measured in terms of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) by using egg yolk homogenates as lipid-rich media, and superoxide radical scavenging activity was measured using riboflavin-light-nitro blue tetrazolium assay. Reducing power was determined on the basis of Fe(3+)-Fe(2+) transformation in the presence of the extract. In addition to the antioxidant activity, polyphenolic compounds like total phenolics and flavonoids were also measured by spectroscopic method. Results showed that the ethanolic extract of stem is more potent in antioxidant activity than its aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of calli. A significant correlation between antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content and reducing potential was observed, indicating that phenolic compounds and reducers present in extract are major contributors to the antioxidant potential. Thus, this plant extract could be used as a potent natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Upadhyay
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India,
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Verma J, Yadav J, Tiwari KN. Application of Rhizobium sp. BHURC01 and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobactria on Nodulation, Plant Biomass and Yields of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijar.2010.148.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Singh VK, Tiwari KN, Mohan B, Mala C, Rana UVS, Ichhpujani RL. Humoral response to rabies vaccines in pet dogs. J Commun Dis 2007; 39:109-111. [PMID: 18338690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Humoral immune response was studied in dogs vaccinated with different tissue culture vaccines commonly used for immunization of dogs in India. The results revealed that after single dose of vaccination only 56% dogs developed protective titer (> or = 1:8). The response of the three vaccines used in the study was not similar, highlighting the need to maintain post marketing surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Singh
- Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Town Hall, Chandnichoke, Delhi
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Tiwari V, Tiwari KN, Singh BD. Shoot bud regeneration from different explants of Bacopa monniera (L.) Wettst. by trimethoprim and bavistin. Plant Cell Rep 2006; 25:629-35. [PMID: 16482428 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-006-0126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Revised: 01/08/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A mass in vitro propagation system devoid of growth regulators for Bacopa monniera (L.) Wettst., a traditional Indian medicinal plant, has been developed. Direct shoot bud regeneration was induced by culturing internode and leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with an antibiotic (trimethoprim) or a fungicide (bavistin). Bavistin showed a marked cytokinin-like activity, as evident from high number of shoot buds induced in node, internode and leaf explants. Optimum adventitious shoot buds induction occurred at 300 mg/l bavistin from internode explants. In vitro regenerated shoots were elongated and rooted before transferred to field with 85% survival. The regeneration protocol developed in this study illustrates the usefulness of additives for mass propagation and germplasm conservation of B. monniera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Tiwari
- Faculty of Sciences, School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
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Moukha-chafiq O, Tiwari KN, Secrist JA. Synthesis of some 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-3'-C-ethynyl and 3'-C-vinyl-beta-D-lyxofuranosyl nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2005; 24:713-5. [PMID: 16248021 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
1-(2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-drabinofuranosyl) uracil (5) and 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine (6) were synthesized as reported earlier. Both of these compounds were converted into 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-3'-C-ethynyl and 3'-C-vinyl-beta-D-lyxofuranosyl nuclearsides (16-19) by a multistep sequence. All these new nucleosides were evaluated against seven human tumor cell lines in vitro.
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Tiwari KN, Fowler AS, Secrist JA. Synthesis and biological activity of 2'-deoxy-4'-thio-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2005; 24:911-4. [PMID: 16248060 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200059266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of 4-aminopyrazolo [3, 4-d]pyrimidine with the appropriate thio sugar gave a 3:1 ratio of alpha,beta blocked 4-amino-1-(2-deoxy-4-thio-D-erythropentofuranosyl)-1H pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine nucleosides. The mixture was deblocked, both the anomers were separated, and the beta-anomer was readily deaminated by adenosine deaminase. The nucleosides have been characterized, and their anomeric configurations have been determined by proton NMR. All three nucleosides were evaluated against a panel of human tumor cell lines for cytotoxicity in vitro. The details of a convenient and high yielding synthesis of these nucleosides are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Tiwari
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Fowler AS, Tiwari KN, Campbell SR, Secrist JA. Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of 4'-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine monophosphate and triphosphate. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2005; 24:533-7. [PMID: 16247985 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200061797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
N4-Acetyl-1-(2, 3-di-O-acetyl-4-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl) cytosine (2) was synthesized in three steps from 1-(4-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl) cytosine (1). The reaction of this partially blocked 4'-thio-ara-C derivative 2 with 2-chloro-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorin-4-one gave the 5-phosphitylate derivative 3, which on reaction with pyrophosphate gave the 5'-nucleosidylcyclotriphosphite 4. Product 4 was then oxidized with iodine/pyridine/water and deblocked with concentrated ammonium hydroxide to provide the desired 4'-thio-ara-C-5'-triphosphate 5. This triphosphate 5 was converted to 4'-thio-ara-C -5'-monophosphate 6 by treatment with snake venom phosphodiesterase I. The details of the synthesis, purification, and characterization of both nucleotides are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Fowler
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Sharma RS, Joshi PL, Tiwari KN, Katyal R, Gill KS. Outbreak of dengue in national capital territory of Delhi, India during 2003. J Vector Ecol 2005; 30:337-8. [PMID: 16599174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R S Sharma
- National Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme, Delhi - 110 054, India
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Fixen PE, Jin J, Tiwari KN, Stauffer MD. Capitalizing on multi-element interactions through balanced nutrition--a pathway to improve nitrogen use efficiency in China, India and North America. Sci China C Life Sci 2005; 48 Spec No:780-90. [PMID: 16512201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A viable option for increasing nitrogen (N) use efficiency and mitigation of negative impacts of N on the environment is to capitalize on multi-element interactions through implementation of nutrient management programs that provide balanced nutrition. Numerous studies have demonstrated the immediate efficacy of this approach in the developing regions like China and India as well as developed countries in North America. Based on 241 site-years of experiments in these countries, the first-year N recovery efficiency (RE) for the conventional or check treatments averaged 21% while the balanced treatments averaged 54% RE, for an average increase of 33% in RE due to balanced nutrition. Effective policies to promote adoption are most likely those that enable site-specific approaches to nutrient management decisions rather than sweeping, nation-wide incentives supporting one nutrient over another. Local farmers, advisers and officials need to be empowered with tools and information to help them define necessary changes in practices to create more balanced nutrient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Fixen
- Potash & Phosphate Institute, Brookings, SD 57006, USA.
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Chhabra M, Ichhpujani RL, Bhardwaj M, Tiwari KN, Panda RC, Lal S. Safety and immunogenicity of the intradermal Thai red cross (2-2-2-0-1-1) post exposure vaccination regimen in the Indian population using purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine. Indian J Med Microbiol 2005; 23:24-8. [PMID: 15928417 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the immunogenicity of the WHO recommended "2-2-2-0-1-1" post-exposure rabies vaccination regimen in Indian subjects to determine the feasibility of replacing crude sheep brain nerve tissue rabies vaccine with modern tissue culture rabies vaccine at major anti-rabies treatment centers throughout India. METHODS Purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCECV) was administered in the dosage of 0.1 mL per site to 53 Indian subjects. RESULTS All subjects produced rabies antibodies above 0.5 IU/mL by day 14 post-vaccination. Only minor adverse reactions including swelling (6.6%), erythema (5.4%) and pain (1.4%) were observed for which no treatment was required. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that PCECV is safe and highly immunogenic in Indian subjects when administered intradermally as 0.1 mL/site using the "2-2-2-0-1-1" post-exposure regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Chhabra
- National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Sham Nath Marg, New Delhi 110 054, India.
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Shortnacy-Fowler AT, Tiwari KN, Montgomery JA, Secrist JA. Synthesis and biological activity of 4'-C-hydroxymethyl-2'-fluro-D-arabinofuranosylpurine nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:1583-98. [PMID: 11554547 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100105249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4'-C-hydroxymethyl-2'-fluoro-D-arabinofuranosylpurine nucleosides was prepared and evaluated for cytotoxicity. The details of a convenient synthesis of the carbohydrate precursor 4-C-hydroxymethyl-3,5-di-O-benzoyl-2-fluoro-alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl bromide (13) are presented. Proof of the structure and configuration at all chiral centers of the sugars and the nucleosides were obtained by proton NMR. All five target nucleosides were evaluated for cytotoxicity in human tumor cell lines. The 4'-C-hydroxymethyl clofarabine analogue (16beta) showed slight cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells.
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Tiwari KN, Messini L, Montgomery JA, Secrist JA. Synthesis and biological activity of 4'-thio-L-xylofuranosyl nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:743-6. [PMID: 11563106 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4'-thio-L-xylofuranosyl nucleosides were prepared and evaluated as potential anticancer and antiviral agents. The details of a convenient and high-yielding synthesis of the carbohydrate precursor 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-4-thio-L-xylofuranose (6) are presented. Proof of structure and configuration at all chiral centers of the nucleosides was obtained by proton and carbon NMR. All target compounds were evaluated in a series of human cancer cell lines in culture and as antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Tiwari
- Southern Research Institute, P.O. Box 55305, Birmingham, Alabama 35255-5305, USA
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Shortnacy-Fowler AT, Tiwari KN, Montgomery JA, Secrist JA. Synthesis and biological activity of 4'-C-hydroxymethyl-2'-fluoro-D-arabinofuranosylpurine nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:747-50. [PMID: 11563107 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4'-C-hydroxymethyl-2'-fluoro-D-arabinofuranosylpurine nucleosides was prepared and evaluated for cytotoxicity in human tumor cell lines. A convenient synthesis of the carbohydrate precursor 4-C-hydroxymethyl-3,5-di-O-benzoyl-2-fluoro-alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl bromide (13) was developed. Coupling of 13 with the sodium salt of 2,6-dichloropurine led to five target purine nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Shortnacy-Fowler
- Southern Research Institute, P.O. Box 55305, Birmingham, Alabama 35255-5305, USA
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Abstract
Because of the excellent in vivo activity of 4'-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (T-araC) against a variety of human solid tumors, we have studied its metabolism in CEM cells to determine how the biochemical pharmacology of this compound differs from that of beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (araC). Although there were many quantitative differences in the metabolism of T-araC and araC, the basic mechanism of action of T-araC was similar to that of araC: it was phosphorylated to T-araC-5'-triphosphate (T-araCTP) and inhibited DNA synthesis. The major differences between these two compounds were: (i) T-araC was phosphorylated to active metabolites at 1% the rate of araC; (ii) T-araCTP was 10- to 20-fold more potent as an inhibitor of DNA synthesis than was the 5'-triphosphate of araC (araCTP); (iii) the half-life of T-araCTP was twice that of araCTP; (iv) the catalytic efficiency of T-araC with cytidine deaminase was 10% that of araC; and (v) the 5'-monophosphate of araC was a better substrate for deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate deaminase than was the 5'-monophosphate of T-araC. Of these differences in the metabolism of these two compounds, we propose that the prolonged retention of T-araCTP is a major factor contributing to the activity of T-araC against solid tumors. The data in this study represent another example of how relatively small structural changes in nucleoside analogs can profoundly affect the biochemical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Parker
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
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Tiwari KN, Shortnacy-Fowler AT, Cappellacci L, Waud WR, Parker WB, Montgomery JA, Secrist JA. Synthesis and structure activity relationships of 5-substituted-4'-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosines. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2000; 19:2005-17. [PMID: 11200287 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008045474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Four 5-substituted (chloro, fluoro, bromo, methyl) 1-(4-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosines and their alpha anomers were synthesized by a facile route in high yields. All of these nucleosides were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a panel of human tumor cell lines in vitro. Only 5-fluoro-1-(4-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine was found to be highly cytotoxic in all the cell lines and was further evaluated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Tiwari
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35255-5305, USA
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Tiwari KN, Shortnacy-Fowler AT, Cappellacci L, Parker WB, Waud WR, Montgomery JA, Secrist JA. Synthesis of 4'-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (4'-thio-ara-C) and comparison of its anticancer activity with that of ara-C. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2000; 19:329-40. [PMID: 10772718 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008033012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
4'-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine was synthesized by a facile route in high yields. It was evaluated for antitumor activity against a panel of human tumors, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Tiwari
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35255-5305, USA
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Cappellacci L, Tiwari KN, Montgomery JA, Secrist JA. Synthesis and biological activity of 5-azacytosine nucleosides derived from 4-thio-2-deoxy-L-threo-pentofuranose and 4-thio-2-deoxy-D-erythro-pentofuranose. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:613-4. [PMID: 10432653 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1-O-Acetyl-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-toluoyl-4-thio-D-erythro-pentofuranose and 2-deoxy-1,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-4-thio-L-threo-pentofuranose were coupled with 5-azacytosine to obtain alpha and beta anomers of nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cappellacci
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35255-5305, USA
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Messini L, Tiwari KN, Montgomery JA, Secrist JA. Synthesis and biological activity of 4'-thio-2'-deoxy purine nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:683-5. [PMID: 10432665 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Coupling of 1-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-toluoyl-4-thio-D-ribofuranose with 6-chloropurine and 2,6-dichloropurine gave a mixture of 9 alpha and 9 beta anomers as major products. These anomers were separated and converted to 2'-deoxy-4'-thio analogues of adenosine, inosine, guanosine, 2-amino-adenosine, and 2-chloro adenosine as well as their alpha-anomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Messini
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35255-5305, USA
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Secrist JA, Tiwari KN, Shortnacy-Fowler AT, Messini L, Riordan JM, Montgomery JA, Meyers SC, Ealick SE. Synthesis and biological activity of certain 4'-thio-D-arabinofuranosylpurine nucleosides. J Med Chem 1998; 41:3865-71. [PMID: 9748361 DOI: 10.1021/jm980195+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of 4'-thio-D-arabinofuranosylpurine nucleosides was prepared and evaluated as potential anticancer agents. The details of a convenient and high-yielding synthesis of the carbohydrate precursor 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-4-thio-D-arabinofuranose (6) are presented. Proof of structure and configuration at all chiral centers of the nucleosides was obtained through an X-ray crystal structure of 9alpha as well as through NOE experiments on 9beta and 9alpha. All six target compounds were evaluated in a series of human cancer cell lines in culture. Two target compounds, beta anomers with diaminopurine (12) and guanine (16) as the bases, had significant cytotoxicity. One of these compounds (12) was selected for animal studies but was found to have no selectivity at the maximum tolerated dose in the murine colon 36 tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Secrist
- Section of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Biotechnology Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14855, USA
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