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Decaestecker E, Van de Moortel B, Mukherjee S, Gurung A, Stoks R, De Meester L. Hierarchical eco-evo dynamics mediated by the gut microbiome. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:165-174. [PMID: 37863775 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The concept of eco-evolutionary (eco-evo) dynamics, stating that ecological and evolutionary processes occur at similar time scales and influence each other, has contributed to our understanding of responses of populations, communities, and ecosystems to environmental change. Phenotypes, central to these eco-evo processes, can be strongly impacted by the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome shapes eco-evo dynamics in the host community through its effects on the host phenotype. Complex eco-evo feedback loops between the gut microbiome and the host communities might thus be common. Bottom-up dynamics occur when eco-evo interactions shaping the gut microbiome affect host phenotypes with consequences at population, community, and ecosystem levels. Top-down dynamics occur when eco-evo dynamics shaping the host community structure the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Decaestecker
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Facility Life Sciences, KU Leuven, KULAK, Campus Kortrijk, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Broos Van de Moortel
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Facility Life Sciences, KU Leuven, KULAK, Campus Kortrijk, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Shinjini Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aditi Gurung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), D-12587 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Ren L, Song X, Wu C, Li G, Zhang X, Xia X, Xiang C, Han BP, Jeppesen E, Wu QL. Biogeographical and Biodiversity Patterns of Marine Planktonic Bacteria Spanning from the South China Sea across the Gulf of Bengal to the Northern Arabian Sea. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0039823. [PMID: 37098981 PMCID: PMC10269852 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00398-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biogeographical and biodiversity patterns of bacterial communities is essential in unraveling their responses to future environmental changes. However, the relationships between marine planktonic bacterial biodiversity and seawater chlorophyll a are largely understudied. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing to study the biodiversity patterns of marine planktonic bacteria across a broad chlorophyll a gradient spanning from the South China Sea across the Gulf of Bengal to the northern Arabian Sea. We found that the biogeographical patterns of marine planktonic bacteria complied with the scenario of homogeneous selection, with chlorophyll a concentration being the key environmental selecting variable of bacteria taxa. The relative abundance of Prochlorococcus, the SAR11 clade, the SAR116 clade, and the SAR86 clade significantly decreased in habitats with high chlorophyll a concentrations (>0.5 μg/L). Free-living bacteria (FLB) and particle-associated bacteria (PAB) displayed contrasting alpha diversity and chlorophyll a relationships with a positive linear correlation for FLB but a negative correlation for PAB. We further found that PAB had a narrower niche breadth of chlorophyll a than did FLB, with far fewer bacterial taxa being favored at higher chlorophyll a concentrations. Higher chlorophyll a concentrations were linked to the enhanced stochastic drift and reduced beta diversity of PAB but to the weakened homogeneous selection, enhanced dispersal limitation, and increased beta diversity of FLB. Taken together, our findings might broaden our knowledge about the biogeography of marine planktonic bacteria and advance the understanding of bacterial roles in predicting ecosystem functioning under future environmental changes that are derived from eutrophication. IMPORTANCE One of the long-standing interests of biogeography is to explore diversity patterns and uncover their underlying mechanisms. Despite intensive studies on the responses of eukaryotic communities to chlorophyll a concentrations, we know little about how changes in seawater chlorophyll a concentrations affect free-living bacteria (FLB) and particle-associated bacteria (PAB) diversity patterns in natural systems. Our biogeography study demonstrated that marine FLB and PAB displayed contrasting diversity and chlorophyll a relationships and exhibited completely different assembly mechanisms. Our findings broaden our knowledge about the biogeographical and biodiversity patterns of marine planktonic bacteria in nature systems and suggest that PAB and FLB should be considered independently in predicting marine ecosystem functioning under future frequent eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Ren
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Operational Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Operational Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangfeng Wu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Operational Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiufeng Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Operational Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenhui Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Operational Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Ping Han
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Qinglong L. Wu
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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3
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Fandos G, Talluto M, Fiedler W, Robinson RA, Thorup K, Zurell D. Standardised empirical dispersal kernels emphasise the pervasiveness of long-distance dispersal in European birds. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:158-170. [PMID: 36398379 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a key life-history trait for most species and is essential to ensure connectivity and gene flow between populations and facilitate population viability in variable environments. Despite the increasing importance of range shifts due to global change, dispersal has proved difficult to quantify, limiting empirical understanding of this phenotypic trait and wider synthesis. Here, we introduce a statistical framework to estimate standardised dispersal kernels from biased data. Based on this, we compare empirical dispersal kernels for European breeding birds considering age (average dispersal; natal, before first breeding; and breeding dispersal, between subsequent breeding attempts) and sex (females and males) and test whether different dispersal properties are phylogenetically conserved. We standardised and analysed data from an extensive volunteer-based bird ring-recoveries database in Europe (EURING) by accounting for biases related to different censoring thresholds in reporting between countries and to migratory movements. Then, we fitted four widely used probability density functions in a Bayesian framework to compare and provide the best statistical descriptions of the different age and sex-specific dispersal kernels for each bird species. The dispersal movements of the 234 European bird species analysed were statistically best explained by heavy-tailed kernels, meaning that while most individuals disperse over short distances, long-distance dispersal is a prevalent phenomenon in almost all bird species. The phylogenetic signal in both median and long dispersal distances estimated from the best-fitted kernel was low (Pagel's λ < 0.25), while it reached high values (Pagel's λ >0.7) when comparing dispersal distance estimates for fat-tailed dispersal kernels. As expected in birds, natal dispersal was on average 5 km greater than breeding dispersal, but sex-biased dispersal was not detected. Our robust analytical framework allows sound use of widely available mark-recapture data in standardised dispersal estimates. We found strong evidence that long-distance dispersal is common among European breeding bird species and across life stages. The dispersal estimates offer a first guide to selecting appropriate dispersal kernels in range expansion studies and provide new avenues to improve our understanding of the mechanisms and rules underlying dispersal events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Fandos
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew Talluto
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Fiedler
- Department of Biology, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, University of Konstanz, Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Robert A Robinson
- British Trust for Ornithology, Thetford, Norfolk, UK.,European Union for Bird Ringing c/o British Trust for Ornithology, Norfolk, UK
| | - Kasper Thorup
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Damaris Zurell
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Selveshwari S, Khaire KC, Kadam A, Dey S. The effect of migration and variation on populations of Escherichia coli adapting to complex fluctuating environments. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:1500-1507. [PMID: 36177784 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Migration, a critical evolutionary force, can have contrasting effects on adaptation. It can aid as well as impede adaptation. The effects of migration on microbial adaptation have been studied primarily in simple constant environments. Very little is known about the effects of migration on adaptation to complex, fluctuating environments. In our study, we subjected replicate populations of Escherichia coli, adapting to complex and unpredictably fluctuating environments to different proportions of clonal ancestral immigrants. Contrary to the results from simple/constant environments, the presence of clonal immigrants reduced all measured proxies of fitness. However, migration from a source population with a greater variance in fitness resulted in no change in fitness with respect to the no-migration control, except at the highest level of migration. Thus, the presence of variation in the immigrants could counter the adverse effects of migration in complex and unpredictably fluctuating environments. Our study demonstrates that the effects of migration are strongly dependent on the nature of the destination environment and the genetic makeup of immigrants. These results enhance our understanding of the influences of migrating populations, which could help better predict the consequences of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Selveshwari
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaustubh Chandrakant Khaire
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aditee Kadam
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sutirth Dey
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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5
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Self-consistent dispersal puts tight constraints on the spatiotemporal organization of species-rich metacommunities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200390119. [PMID: 35727977 PMCID: PMC9245702 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200390119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal can be critical to the maintenance of ecosystems as it allows local communities to be recolonized after extinction. However, it remains unclear whether the extinction-mitigating effect of dispersal persists when the number of competing species is large. Based on a spatially explicit mathematical description of metacommunities, we show that when many species coexist, each species operates near its extinction threshold, barely surviving due to dispersal. This has general consequences for spatiotemporal abundance patterns. For short-range dispersal, species organize into fractal spatiotemporal extinction patterns characteristic of a directed percolation phase transition. As species approach their extinction threshold, biodiversity is very sensitive to perturbation, suggesting that dispersal within a metacommunity puts tight constraints on the robustness and evolution of species-rich metacommunities. Biodiversity is often attributed to a dynamic equilibrium between the immigration and extinction of species. This equilibrium forms a common basis for studying ecosystem assembly from a static reservoir of migrants—the mainland. Yet, natural ecosystems often consist of many coupled communities (i.e., metacommunities), and migration occurs between these communities. The pool of migrants then depends on what is sustained in the ecosystem, which, in turn, depends on the dynamic migrant pool. This chicken-and-egg problem of survival and dispersal is poorly understood in communities of many competing species, except for the neutral case—the “unified neutral theory of biodiversity.” Employing spatiotemporal simulations and mean-field analyses, we show that self-consistent dispersal puts rather tight constraints on the dynamic migration–extinction equilibrium. When the number of species is large, species are pushed to the edge of their global extinction, even when competition is weak. As a consequence, the overall diversity is highly sensitive to perturbations in demographic parameters, including growth and dispersal rates. When dispersal is short range, the resulting spatiotemporal abundance patterns follow broad scale-free distributions that correspond to a directed percolation phase transition. The qualitative agreement of our results for short-range and long-range dispersal suggests that this self-organization process is a general property of species-rich metacommunities. Our study shows that self-sustaining metacommunities are highly sensitive to environmental change and provides insights into how biodiversity can be rescued and maintained.
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6
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Yamaguchi R. Intermediate dispersal hypothesis of species diversity: New insights. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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7
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Higher-order effects, continuous species interactions, and trait evolution shape microbial spatial dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2020956119. [PMID: 34969851 PMCID: PMC8740587 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020956119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistently diverse microbial communities are one of biology’s great puzzles. Using a modeling framework that accommodates high mutation rates and a continuum of species traits, we studied microbial communities in which antagonistic interactions occur via the production of, inhibition of, and vulnerability to toxins (e.g., antibiotics). Mutation size and mobility enhanced microbial diversity and temporal persistence to extraordinarily high levels. These findings—including the discovery that the duration of the transient phase in community assembly provides a guide to equilibrial diversity—highlight the potentially critical role that antagonistic interactions play in promoting the diversity of bacterial systems. Such interactions, together with resource-driven interactions and spatial structure, may drive the enigmatic levels of biodiversity seen in microbial systems. The assembly and maintenance of microbial diversity in natural communities, despite the abundance of toxin-based antagonistic interactions, presents major challenges for biological understanding. A common framework for investigating such antagonistic interactions involves cyclic dominance games with pairwise interactions. The incorporation of higher-order interactions in such models permits increased levels of microbial diversity, especially in communities in which antibiotic-producing, sensitive, and resistant strains coexist. However, most such models involve a small number of discrete species, assume a notion of pure cyclic dominance, and focus on low mutation rate regimes, none of which well represent the highly interlinked, quickly evolving, and continuous nature of microbial phenotypic space. Here, we present an alternative vision of spatial dynamics for microbial communities based on antagonistic interactions—one in which a large number of species interact in continuous phenotypic space, are capable of rapid mutation, and engage in both direct and higher-order interactions mediated by production of and resistance to antibiotics. Focusing on toxin production, vulnerability, and inhibition among species, we observe highly divergent patterns of diversity and spatial community dynamics. We find that species interaction constraints (rather than mobility) best predict spatiotemporal disturbance regimes, whereas community formation time, mobility, and mutation size best explain patterns of diversity. We also report an intriguing relationship among community formation time, spatial disturbance regimes, and diversity dynamics. This relationship, which suggests that both higher-order interactions and rapid evolution are critical for the origin and maintenance of microbial diversity, has broad-ranging links to the maintenance of diversity in other systems.
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8
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Guill C, Hülsemann J, Klauschies T. Self-organised pattern formation increases local diversity in metacommunities. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2624-2634. [PMID: 34558161 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Self-organised formation of spatial patterns is known from a variety of different ecosystems, yet little is known about how these patterns affect the diversity of communities. Here, we use a food chain model in which autotroph diversity is described by a continuous distribution of a trait that affects both growth and defence against heterotrophs. On isolated patches, diversity is always lost over time due to stabilising selection, and the local communities settle on one of two alternative stable community states that are characterised by a dominance of either defended or undefended species. In a metacommunity context, dispersal can destabilise these states and complex spatio-temporal patterns in the species' abundances emerge. The resulting biomass-trait feedback increases local diversity by an order of magnitude compared to scenarios without self-organised pattern formation, thereby maintaining the ability of communities to adapt to potential future changes in biotic or abiotic environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Guill
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Janne Hülsemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Toni Klauschies
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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9
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Jeong SY, Kim TG. Effects of dispersal on species distribution, abundance, diversity and interaction in a bacterial biofilm metacommunity. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:459-469. [PMID: 34176204 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dispersal effects on biofilms have not been adequately studied despite their strong potential impacts on biofilm development. We investigated the effects of dispersal on biofilm metacommunity. METHODS AND RESULTS A bacterial consortium was allowed to form biofilms on 12 glass beads attached to disposable plates (compartmentalized or not), and biofilms were scrutinized on days 5, 10 and 15 using quantitative PCR and MiSeq sequencing. Biofilm population density was lesser by 2 orders of magnitude on day 5 when dispersal was allowed (p < 0.05). Then, the population rapidly increased by 4.4 orders with dispersal (p < 0.05) but did not change without dispersal. Community analyses revealed that dispersal increased the species diversity at all sampling times (p < 0.05). Dispersal affected the community structure and increased the homogeneity of local communities (p < 0.05). Distance-decay analysis showed that dispersal reduced the dissimilarity among local communities at all distance levels. Furthermore, dispersal reduced the variability of diversity, population and community structure. Network analysis revealed that dispersal increased the clustering coefficient, network density and connectivity. CONCLUSIONS Dispersal increased the species diversity, population and interaction and reduced the variability of the diversity, population and structure among local communities. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Our results suggest that dispersal can induce the niche complementarity and mass effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
| | - Tae Gwan Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
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10
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Consequences of mutation accumulation for growth performance are more likely to be resource-dependent at higher temperatures. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:109. [PMID: 34092227 PMCID: PMC8180013 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutation accumulation (MA) has profound ecological and evolutionary consequences. One example is that accumulation of conditionally neutral mutations leads to fitness trade-offs among heterogenous habitats which cause population divergence. Here we suggest that temperature, which controls the rates of all biochemical and biophysical processes, should play a crucial role for determining mutational effects. Particularly, warmer temperatures may mitigate the effects of some, not all, deleterious mutations and cause stronger environmental dependence in MA effects. Results We experimentally tested the above hypothesis by measuring the growth performance of ten Escherichia coli genotypes on six carbon resources across ten temperatures, where the ten genotypes were derived from a single ancestral strain and accumulated spontaneous mutations. We analyzed resource dependence of MA consequences for growth yields. The MA genotypes typically showed reduced growth yields relative to the ancestral type; and the magnitude of reduction was smaller at intermediate temperatures. Stronger resource dependence in MA consequences for growth performance was observed at higher temperatures. Specifically, the MA genotypes were more likely to show impaired growth performance on all the six carbon resources when grown at lower temperatures; but suffered growth performance loss only on some, not all the six, carbon substrates at higher temperatures. Conclusions Higher temperatures increase the chance that MA causes conditionally neutral fitness effects while MA is more likely to cause fitness loss regardless of available resources at lower temperatures. This finding has implications for understanding how geographic patterns in population divergence may emerge, and how conservation practices, particularly protection of diverse microhabitats, may mitigate the impacts of global warming. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01846-1.
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11
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Tejo M, Quiñinao C, Rebolledo R, Marquet PA. Coexistence, dispersal and spatial structure in metacommunities: a stochastic model approach. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-020-00496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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O'Connor LMJ, Fugère V, Gonzalez A. Evolutionary Rescue Is Mediated by the History of Selection and Dispersal in Diversifying Metacommunities. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.517434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid evolution can sometimes prevent population extirpation in stressful environments, but the conditions leading to “evolutionary rescue” in metacommunities are unclear. Here we studied the eco-evolutionary response of microbial metacommunities adapting to selection by the antibiotic streptomycin. Our experiment tested how the history of antibiotic selection and contrasting modes of dispersal influenced diversification and subsequent evolutionary rescue in microbial metacommunities undergoing adaptive radiation. We first tracked the change in diversity and density of Pseudomonas fluorescens morphotypes selected on a gradient of antibiotic stress. We then examined the recovery of these metacommunities following abrupt application of a high concentration of streptomycin lethal to the ancestral organisms. We show that dispersal increases diversity within the stressed metacommunities, that exposure to stress alters diversification dynamics, and that community composition, dispersal, and past exposure to stress mediate the speed at which evolutionary rescue occurs, but not the final outcome of recovery in abundance and diversity. These findings extend recent experiments on evolutionary rescue to the case of metacommunities undergoing adaptive diversification, and should motivate new theory on this question. Our findings are also relevant to evolutionary conservation biology and research on antimicrobial resistance.
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13
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Richmond JQ, Ota H, Grismer LL, Fisher RN. Influence of niche breadth and position on the historical biogeography of seafaring scincid lizards. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Niche breadth and position can influence diversification among closely related species or populations, yet limited empirical data exist concerning the predictability of the outcomes. We explored the effects of these factors on the evolution of the Emoia atrocostata species group, an insular radiation of lizards in the western Pacific Ocean and Indo-Australasia composed of both endemic and widespread species that differ in niche occupancy. We used molecular data and phylogeographical diffusion models to estimate the timing and patterns of range expansion, and ancestral reconstruction methods to infer shifts in ecology. We show evidence of multidirectional spread from a centre of origin in western Micronesia, and that the phyletic diversity of the group is derived from a putative habitat specialist that survives in the littoral zone. This species is composed of paraphyletic lineages that represent stages or possible endpoints in the continuum toward speciation. Several descendant species have transitioned to either strand or interior forest habitat, but only on remote islands with depauperate terrestrial faunas. Our results suggest that the atrocostata group might be in the early phases of a Wilsonian taxon cycle and that the capacity to tolerate salt stress has promoted dispersal and colonization of remote oceanic islands. Divergence itself, however, is largely driven by geographical isolation rather than shifts in ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidetoshi Ota
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - L Lee Grismer
- Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverside, CA, USA
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14
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van Houte S, Padfield D, Gómez P, Luján AM, Brockhurst MA, Paterson S, Buckling A. Compost spatial heterogeneity promotes evolutionary diversification of a bacterium. J Evol Biol 2020; 34:246-255. [PMID: 33111439 PMCID: PMC7984246 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spatial resource heterogeneity is expected to be a key driver for the evolution of diversity. However, direct empirical support for this prediction is limited to studies carried out in simplified laboratory environments. Here, we investigate how altering spatial heterogeneity of potting compost-by the addition of water and mixing-affects the evolutionary diversification of a bacterial species, Pseudomonas fluorescens, that is naturally found in the environment. There was a greater propensity of resource specialists to evolve in the unmanipulated compost, while more generalist phenotypes dominated the compost-water mix. Genomic data were consistent with these phenotypic findings. Competition experiments strongly suggest these results are due to diversifying selection as a result of resource heterogeneity, as opposed to other covariables. Overall, our findings corroborate theoretical and in vitro findings, but in semi-natural, more realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Gómez
- ESI and CEC, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Adela M Luján
- ESI and CEC, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | | | - Steve Paterson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Angus Buckling
- ESI and CEC, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
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15
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Evolution of diversity explains the impact of pre-adaptation of a focal species on the structure of a natural microbial community. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2877-2889. [PMID: 32884114 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rapid within-species evolution can alter community structure, yet the mechanisms underpinning this effect remain unknown. Populations that rapidly evolve large amounts of phenotypic diversity are likely to interact with more species and have the largest impact on community structure. However, the evolution of phenotypic diversity is, in turn, influenced by the presence of other species. Here, we investigate how microbial community structure changes as a consequence of rapidly evolved within-species diversity using Pseudomonas fluorescens as a focal species. Evolved P. fluorescens populations showed substantial phenotypic diversification in resource-use (and correlated genomic change) irrespective of whether they were pre-adapted in isolation or in a community context. Manipulating diversity revealed that more diverse P. fluorescens populations had the greatest impact on community structure, by suppressing some bacterial taxa, but facilitating others. These findings suggest that conditions that promote the evolution of high within-population diversity should result in a larger impact on community structure.
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16
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Ecological drivers of global gradients in avian dispersal inferred from wing morphology. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2463. [PMID: 32424113 PMCID: PMC7235233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An organism’s ability to disperse influences many fundamental processes, from speciation and geographical range expansion to community assembly. However, the patterns and underlying drivers of variation in dispersal across species remain unclear, partly because standardised estimates of dispersal ability are rarely available. Here we present a global dataset of avian hand-wing index (HWI), an estimate of wing shape widely adopted as a proxy for dispersal ability in birds. We show that HWI is correlated with geography and ecology across 10,338 (>99%) species, increasing at higher latitudes and with migration, and decreasing with territoriality. After controlling for these effects, the strongest predictor of HWI is temperature variability (seasonality), with secondary effects of diet and habitat type. Finally, we also show that HWI is a strong predictor of geographical range size. Our analyses reveal a prominent latitudinal gradient in HWI shaped by a combination of environmental and behavioural factors, and also provide a global index of avian dispersal ability for use in community ecology, macroecology, and macroevolution. In birds, the hand-wing index is a morphological trait that can be used as a proxy for flight efficiency. Here the authors examine variation of hand-wing index in over 10,000 bird species, finding that it is higher in migratory and non-territorial species, and lower in the tropics.
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17
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Čandek K, Agnarsson I, Binford GJ, Kuntner M. Caribbean golden orbweaving spiders maintain gene flow with North America. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Čandek
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research National Institute of Biology Ljubljana Slovenia
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory Institute of Biology Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts Ljubljana Slovenia
- Department of Biology Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Ingi Agnarsson
- Department of Biology University of Vermont Burlington VT USA
- Department of Entomology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington D.C. USA
| | | | - Matjaž Kuntner
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research National Institute of Biology Ljubljana Slovenia
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory Institute of Biology Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts Ljubljana Slovenia
- Department of Entomology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington D.C. USA
- School of Life Sciences Hubei University Wuhan Hubei China
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18
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The effects of temperature and dispersal on species diversity in natural microbial metacommunities. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18286. [PMID: 31797904 PMCID: PMC6892927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is key for maintaining biodiversity at local- and regional scales in metacommunities. However, little is known about the combined effects of dispersal and climate change on biodiversity. Theory predicts that alpha-diversity is maximized at intermediate dispersal rates, resulting in a hump-shaped diversity-dispersal relationship. This relationship is predicted to flatten when competition increases. We anticipate that this same flattening will occur with increased temperature because, in the rising part of the temperature performance curve, interspecific competition is predicted to increase. We explored this question using aquatic communities of Sarracenia purpurea from early- and late-successional stages, in which we simulated four levels of dispersal and four temperature scenarios. With increased dispersal, the hump shape was observed consistently in late successional communities, but only in higher temperature treatments in early succession. Increased temperature did not flatten the hump-shape relationship, but decreased the level of alpha- and gamma-diversity. Interestingly, higher temperatures negatively impacted small-bodied species. These metacommunity-level extinctions likely relaxed interspecific competition, which could explain the absence of flattening of the diversity-dispersal relationship. Our findings suggest that climate change will cause extinctions both at local- and global- scales and emphasize the importance of intermediate levels of dispersal as an insurance for local diversity.
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19
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Ashby B, Shaw AK, Kokko H. An inordinate fondness for species with intermediate dispersal abilities. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ashby
- Dept of Mathematical Sciences, Univ. of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Allison K. Shaw
- Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Univ. of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Dept of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Univ. of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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20
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Vazquez C, Goede RGM, Korthals GW, Rutgers M, Schouten AJ, Creamer R. The effects of increasing land use intensity on soil nematodes: A turn towards specialism. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Vazquez
- Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Ron G. M. Goede
- Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Gerard W. Korthals
- Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Rutgers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Anton J. Schouten
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Creamer
- Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
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21
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Lefcheck JS, Innes-Gold AA, Brandl SJ, Steneck RS, Torres RE, Rasher DB. Tropical fish diversity enhances coral reef functioning across multiple scales. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav6420. [PMID: 30854434 PMCID: PMC6402845 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav6420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is now a general consensus that biodiversity positively affects ecosystem functioning. This consensus, however, stems largely from small-scale experiments, raising the question of whether diversity effects operate at multiple spatial scales and flow on to affect ecosystem structure in nature. Here, we quantified rates of fish herbivory on algal turf communities across multiple coral reefs spanning >1000 km of coastline in the Dominican Republic. We show that mass-standardized herbivory rates are best predicted by herbivore biomass and herbivore species richness both within (α-diversity) and across sites in the region (β-diversity). Using species-diversity models, we demonstrate that many common grazer species are necessary to maximize the process of herbivory. Last, we link higher herbivory rates to reduced algal turf height and enhanced juvenile coral recruitment throughout the ecosystem. Our results suggest that, in addition to high herbivore biomass, conserving biodiversity at multiple scales is important for sustaining coral reef function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Lefcheck
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, MarineGEO, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ruben E. Torres
- Reef Check Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, DN 10148, Dominican Republic
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22
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De Meester L, Brans KI, Govaert L, Souffreau C, Mukherjee S, Vanvelk H, Korzeniowski K, Kilsdonk L, Decaestecker E, Stoks R, Urban MC. Analysing eco‐evolutionary dynamics—The challenging complexity of the real world. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Kristien I. Brans
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Lynn Govaert
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Caroline Souffreau
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Shinjini Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Héléne Vanvelk
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Konrad Korzeniowski
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Laurens Kilsdonk
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Ellen Decaestecker
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, IRF Life Sciences, KULAK KU Leuven Kortrijk Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory or Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Mark C. Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Risk University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut
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23
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Ávila SP, Melo C, Berning B, Sá N, Quartau R, Rijsdijk KF, Ramalho RS, Cordeiro R, De Sá NC, Pimentel A, Baptista L, Medeiros A, Gil A, Johnson ME. Towards a 'Sea-Level Sensitive' dynamic model: impact of island ontogeny and glacio-eustasy on global patterns of marine island biogeography. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1116-1142. [PMID: 30609249 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic model is presented to enlarge the evolutionary framework of the General Dynamic Model (GDM) and the Glacial Sensitive Model (GSM) of oceanic island biogeography from the terrestrial to the marine realm. The proposed 'Sea-Level Sensitive' dynamic model (SLS) of marine island biogeography integrates historical and ecological biogeography with patterns of glacio-eustasy, merging concepts from areas as diverse as taxonomy, biogeography, marine biology, volcanology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, palaeontology, geochronology and geomorphology. Fundamental to the SLS model is the dynamic variation of the littoral area of volcanic oceanic islands (defined as the area between the intertidal and the 50-m isobath) in response to sea-level oscillations driven by glacial-interglacial cycles. The following questions are considered by means of this revision: (i) what was the impact of (global) glacio-eustatic sea-level oscillations, particularly those of the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial episodes, on the littoral marine fauna and flora of volcanic oceanic islands? (ii) What are the main factors that explain the present littoral marine biodiversity on volcanic oceanic islands? (iii) How can differences in historical and ecological biogeography be reconciled, from a marine point of view? These questions are addressed by compiling the bathymetry of 11 Atlantic archipelagos/islands to obtain quantitative data regarding changes in the littoral area based on Pleistocene sea-level oscillations, from 150 thousand years ago (ka) to the present. Within the framework of a model sensitive to changing sea levels, we discuss the principal factors affecting the geographical range of marine species; the relationships between modes of larval development, dispersal strategies and geographical range; the relationships between times of speciation, modes of larval development, ecological zonation and geographical range; the influence of sea-surface temperatures and latitude on littoral marine species diversity; the effect of eustatic sea-level changes and their impact on the littoral marine biota; island marine species-area relationships; and finally, the physical effects of island ontogeny and its associated submarine topography and marine substrate on littoral biota. Based on the SLS dynamic model, we offer a number of predictions for tropical, subtropical and temperate volcanic oceanic islands on how rates of immigration, colonization, in-situ speciation, local disappearance, and extinction interact and affect the marine biodiversity around islands during glacials and interglacials, thus allowing future testing of the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio P Ávila
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography Working Group of the University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Carlos Melo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography Working Group of the University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Björn Berning
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum, Geowissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Leonding 4060, Austria
| | - Nuno Sá
- Departamento de Ciências Tecnológicas e do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Rui Quartau
- Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Divisão de Geologia Marinha, Instituto Hidrográfico, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kenneth F Rijsdijk
- Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo S Ramalho
- Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal.,Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K
| | - Ricardo Cordeiro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography Working Group of the University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Nuno C De Sá
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Adriano Pimentel
- Centro de Informação e Vigilância Sismovulcânica dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação em Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Lara Baptista
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography Working Group of the University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - António Medeiros
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Artur Gil
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Ce3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Markes E Johnson
- Department of Geosciences, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, U.S.A
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24
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Shanafelt DW, Clobert J, Fenichel EP, Hochberg ME, Kinzig A, Loreau M, Marquet PA, Perrings C. Species dispersal and biodiversity in human-dominated metacommunities. J Theor Biol 2018; 457:199-210. [PMID: 30176249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The concept of the Anthropocene is based on the idea that human impacts are now the primary drivers of changes in the earth's systems, including ecological systems. In many cases, the behavior that causes ecosystem change is itself triggered by ecological factors. Yet most ecological models still treat human impacts as given, and frequently as constant. This undermines our ability to understand the feedbacks between human behavior and ecosystem change. Focusing on the problem of species dispersal, we evaluate the effect of dispersal on biodiversity in a system subject to predation by humans. People are assumed to obtain benefits from (a) the direct consumption of species (provisioning services), (b) the non-consumptive use of species (cultural services), and (c) the buffering effects of the mix of species (regulating services). We find that the effects of dispersal on biodiversity depend jointly on the competitive interactions among species, and on human preferences over species and the services they provide. We find that while biodiversity may be greatest at intermediate levels of dispersal, this depends on structure of preferences across the metacommunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Shanafelt
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis 09200, France.
| | - Jean Clobert
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis 09200, France.
| | - Eli P Fenichel
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Michael E Hochberg
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution du CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, France; Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
| | - Ann Kinzig
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis 09200, France; Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis 09200, France.
| | - Pablo A Marquet
- Departamento de Ecología. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB).
| | - Charles Perrings
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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25
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Biolog Phenotype Microarray Is a Tool for the Identification of Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pump Inducers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01263-18. [PMID: 30126958 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01263-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance efflux pumps frequently present low levels of basal expression. However, antibiotic-resistant mutants that overexpress these resistance determinants are selected during infection. In addition, increased expression of efflux pumps can be induced by environmental signals/cues, which can lead to situations of transient antibiotic resistance. In this study, we have applied a novel high-throughput methodology in order to identify inducers able to trigger the expression of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SmeVWX and SmeYZ efflux pumps. To that end, bioreporters in which the expression of the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is linked to the activity of either smeVWX or smeYZ promoters were developed and used for the screening of potential inducers of the expression of these efflux pumps using Biolog phenotype microarrays. YFP production was also measured by flow cytometry, and the levels of expression of smeV and smeY in the presence of a set of selected compounds were also determined by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The expression of smeVWX was induced by iodoacetate, clioquinol, and selenite, while boric acid, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and lincomycin triggered smeYZ expression. The susceptibility to antibiotics that are known substrates of the efflux pumps decreased in the presence of the inducers. However, the analyzed multidrug efflux systems did not contribute to S. maltophilia resistance to the studied inducers. To sum up, the use of fluorescent bioreporters in combination with Biolog plates is a valuable tool for identifying inducers of the expression of bacterial multidrug resistance efflux pumps, and likely of other bacterial systems whose expression is regulated in response to signals/cues.
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26
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Turunen J, Louhi P, Mykrä H, Aroviita J, Putkonen E, Huusko A, Muotka T. Combined effects of local habitat, anthropogenic stress, and dispersal on stream ecosystems: a mesocosm experiment. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:1606-1615. [PMID: 29874410 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of anthropogenic stressors on community structure and ecosystem functioning can be strongly influenced by local habitat structure and dispersal from source communities. Catchment land uses increase the input of fine sediments into stream channels, clogging the interstitial spaces of benthic habitats. Aquatic macrophytes enhance habitat heterogeneity and mediate important ecosystem functions, being thus a key component of habitat structure in many streams. Therefore, the recovery of macrophytes following in-stream habitat modification may be prerequisite for successful stream restoration. Restoration success is also affected by dispersal of organisms from the source community, with potentially the strongest responses in relatively isolated headwater sites that receive a limited amount of dispersing individuals. We used a factorial design in a set of stream mesocosms to study the independent and combined effects of an anthropogenic stressor (sand sedimentation), local habitat (macrophytes, i.e., moss transplants), and enhanced dispersal (two levels: high vs. low) on organic matter retention, algal accrual rate, leaf decomposition, and macroinvertebrate community structure. Overall, all responses were simple additive effects with no interactions between treatments. Sand reduced algal accumulation, total invertebrate density, and density of a few individual taxa. Mosses reduced algal accrual rate and algae-grazing invertebrates, but enhanced organic matter retention and the number of detritus and filter feeders. Mosses also reduced macroinvertebrate diversity by increasing the dominance by a few taxa. Mosses reduced leaf mass loss, possibly because the organic matter retained by mosses provided an additional food source for leaf-shredding invertebrates and thus reduced shredder aggregation into leaf packs. The effect of mosses on macroinvertebrate communities and ecosystem functioning was distinct irrespective of the level of dispersal, suggesting strong environmental control of community structure. The strong environmental control of macroinvertebrate community composition even under enhanced dispersal suggests that re-establishing key habitat features, such as natural stream vegetation, could aid ecosystem recovery in boreal streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarno Turunen
- Freshwater Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 413, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 8000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pauliina Louhi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 8000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Paavo Havaksen tie 3, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Mykrä
- Freshwater Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 413, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka Aroviita
- Freshwater Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 413, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Emmi Putkonen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 8000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ari Huusko
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 8000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Manamansalontie 90, 88300, Paltamo, Finland
| | - Timo Muotka
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 8000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Natural Environment Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 413, 90014, Oulu, Finland
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27
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Martin AE, Fahrig L. Habitat specialist birds disperse farther and are more migratory than habitat generalist birds. Ecology 2018; 99:2058-2066. [PMID: 29920659 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Some theories predict habitat specialists should be less dispersive and migratory than generalists, while other theories predict the opposite. We evaluated the cross-species relationship between the degree of habitat specialization and dispersal and migration status in 101 bird species breeding in North America and the United Kingdom, using empirical estimates of the degree of habitat specialization from breeding bird surveys and mean dispersal distance estimates from large-scale mark-recapture studies. We found that habitat specialists dispersed farther than habitat generalists, and full migrants had more specialized habitat than partial migrants or resident species. To our knowledge this is the first large-scale, multi-species study to demonstrate a positive relationship between the degree of habitat specialization and dispersal, and it is opposite to the pattern found for invertebrates. This finding is particularly interesting because it suggests that trade-offs between the degree of habitat specialization and dispersal ability are not conserved across taxonomic groups. This cautions against extrapolation of trait co-occurrence from one species group to another. In particular, it suggests that efforts aimed at conserving the most habitat-specialist temperate-breeding birds will not lead to conservation of the most dispersal-limited species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Martin
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory (GLEL), Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory (GLEL), Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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28
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De Kort H, Baguette M, Prunier JG, Tessier M, Monsimet J, Turlure C, Stevens V. Genetic costructure in a meta-community under threat of habitat fragmentation. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:2193-2203. [PMID: 29603463 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation increasingly threatens the services provided by natural communities and ecosystem worldwide. An understanding of the eco-evolutionary processes underlying fragmentation-compromised communities in natural settings is lacking, yet critical to realistic and sustainable conservation. Through integrating the multivariate genetic, biotic and abiotic facets of a natural community module experiencing various degrees of habitat fragmentation, we provide unique insights into the processes underlying community functioning in real, natural conditions. The focal community module comprises a parasitic butterfly of conservation concern and its two obligatory host species, a plant and an ant. We show that both historical dispersal and ongoing habitat fragmentation shape population genetic diversity of the butterfly Phengaris alcon and its most limited host species (the plant Gentiana pneumonanthe). Genetic structure of each species was strongly driven by geographical structure, altitude and landscape connectivity. Strikingly, however, was the strong degree of genetic costructure among the three species that could not be explained by the spatial variables under study. This finding suggests that factors other than spatial configuration, including co-evolutionary dynamics and shared dispersal pathways, cause parallel genetic structure among interacting species. While the exact contribution of co-evolution and shared dispersal routes on the genetic variation within and among communities deserves further attention, our findings demonstrate a considerable degree of genetic parallelism in natural meta-communities. The significant effect of landscape connectivity on the genetic diversity and structure of the butterfly also suggests that habitat fragmentation may threaten the functioning of the community module on the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne De Kort
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR 5321 SETE), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Moulis, France
| | - Michel Baguette
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR 5321 SETE), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Moulis, France.,Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme G Prunier
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR 5321 SETE), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Moulis, France
| | | | - Jérémy Monsimet
- Parc Naturel Régional des Marais du Cotentin et du Bessin, Carentan-les-Marais, France
| | - Camille Turlure
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Virginie Stevens
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR 5321 SETE), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Moulis, France
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29
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Abstract
Continuous cultures in chemostats have proven their value in microbiology, microbial ecology, systems biology and bioprocess engineering, among others. In these systems, microbial growth and ecosystem performance can be quantified under stable and defined environmental conditions. This is essential when linking microbial diversity to ecosystem function. Here, a new system to test this link in anaerobic, methanogenic microbial communities is introduced. Rigorously replicated experiments or a suitable experimental design typically require operating several chemostats in parallel. However, this is labor intensive, especially when measuring biogas production. Commercial solutions for multiplying reactors performing continuous anaerobic digestion exist but are expensive and use comparably large reactor volumes, requiring the preparation of substantial amounts of media. Here, a flexible system of Lab-scale Automated and Multiplexed Anaerobic Chemostat system (LAMACs) with a working volume of 200 mL is introduced. Sterile feeding, biomass wasting and pressure monitoring are automated. One module containing six reactors fits the typical dimensions of a lab bench. Thanks to automation, time required for reactor operation and maintenance are reduced compared to traditional lab-scale systems. Several modules can be used together, and so far the parallel operation of 30 reactors was demonstrated. The chemostats are autoclavable. Parameters like reactor volume, flow rates and operating temperature can be freely set. The robustness of the system was tested in a two-month long experiment in which three inocula in four replicates, i.e., twelve continuous digesters were monitored. Statistically significant differences in the biogas production between inocula were observed. In anaerobic digestion, biogas production and consequently pressure development in a closed environment is a proxy for ecosystem performance. The precision of the pressure measurement is thus crucial. The measured maximum and minimum rates of gas production could be determined at the same precision. The LAMACs is a tool that enables us to put in practice the often-demanded need for replication and rigorous testing in microbial ecology as well as bioprocess engineering.
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30
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Herrerías-Azcué F, Pérez-Muñuzuri V, Galla T. Stirring does not make populations well mixed. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4068. [PMID: 29511246 PMCID: PMC5840425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In evolutionary dynamics, the notion of a ‘well-mixed’ population is usually associated with all-to-all interactions at all times. This assumption simplifies the mathematics of evolutionary processes, and makes analytical solutions possible. At the same time the term ‘well-mixed’ suggests that this situation can be achieved by physically stirring the population. Using simulations of populations in chaotic flows, we show that in most cases this is not true: conventional well-mixed theories do not predict fixation probabilities correctly, regardless of how fast or thorough the stirring is. We propose a new analytical description in the fast-flow limit. This approach is valid for processes with global and local selection, and accurately predicts the suppression of selection as competition becomes more local. It provides a modelling tool for biological or social systems with individuals in motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Herrerías-Azcué
- Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Vicente Pérez-Muñuzuri
- Group of Nonlinear Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Tobias Galla
- Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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31
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Tan J, Slattery MR, Yang X, Jiang L. Phylogenetic context determines the role of competition in adaptive radiation. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.0241. [PMID: 27335414 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding ecological mechanisms regulating the evolution of biodiversity is of much interest to ecologists and evolutionary biologists. Adaptive radiation constitutes an important evolutionary process that generates biodiversity. Competition has long been thought to influence adaptive radiation, but the directionality of its effect and associated mechanisms remain ambiguous. Here, we report a rigorous experimental test of the role of competition on adaptive radiation using the rapidly evolving bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 interacting with multiple bacterial species that differed in their phylogenetic distance to the diversifying bacterium. We showed that the inhibitive effect of competitors on the adaptive radiation of P. fluorescens decreased as their phylogenetic distance increased. To explain this phylogenetic dependency of adaptive radiation, we linked the phylogenetic distance between P. fluorescens and its competitors to their niche and competitive fitness differences. Competitive fitness differences, which showed weak phylogenetic signal, reduced P. fluorescens abundance and thus diversification, whereas phylogenetically conserved niche differences promoted diversification. These results demonstrate the context dependency of competitive effects on adaptive radiation, and highlight the importance of past evolutionary history for ongoing evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tan
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Matthew R Slattery
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Xian Yang
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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32
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Isbell F, Gonzalez A, Loreau M, Cowles J, Díaz S, Hector A, Mace GM, Wardle DA, O'Connor MI, Duffy JE, Turnbull LA, Thompson PL, Larigauderie A. Linking the influence and dependence of people on biodiversity across scales. Nature 2017; 546:65-72. [PMID: 28569811 DOI: 10.1038/nature22899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity enhances many of nature's benefits to people, including the regulation of climate and the production of wood in forests, livestock forage in grasslands and fish in aquatic ecosystems. Yet people are now driving the sixth mass extinction event in Earth's history. Human dependence and influence on biodiversity have mainly been studied separately and at contrasting scales of space and time, but new multiscale knowledge is beginning to link these relationships. Biodiversity loss substantially diminishes several ecosystem services by altering ecosystem functioning and stability, especially at the large temporal and spatial scales that are most relevant for policy and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Jane Cowles
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET) and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andy Hector
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Georgina M Mace
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David A Wardle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.,Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mary I O'Connor
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - J Emmett Duffy
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, Washington DC 20013-7012, USA
| | | | - Patrick L Thompson
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Anne Larigauderie
- Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Secretariat, United Nations Campus, Bonn 53113, Germany
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33
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Berga M, Zha Y, Székely AJ, Langenheder S. Functional and Compositional Stability of Bacterial Metacommunities in Response to Salinity Changes. Front Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28642735 PMCID: PMC5463035 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances and environmental change are important factors determining the diversity, composition, and functioning of communities. However, knowledge about how natural bacterial communities are affected by such perturbations is still sparse. We performed a whole ecosystem manipulation experiment with freshwater rock pools where we applied salinity disturbances of different intensities. The aim was to test how the compositional and functional resistance and resilience of bacterial communities, alpha- and beta-diversity and the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic community assembly processes changed along a disturbance intensity gradient. We found that bacterial communities were functionally resistant to all salinity levels (3, 6, and 12 psu) and compositionally resistant to a salinity increase to 3 psu and resilient to increases of 6 and 12 psu. Increasing salinities had no effect on local richness and evenness, beta-diversity and the proportion of deterministically vs. stochastically assembled communities. Our results show a high functional and compositional stability of bacterial communities to salinity changes of different intensities both at local and regional scales, which possibly reflects long-term adaptation to environmental conditions in the study system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Berga
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden.,Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research WarnemündeRostock, Germany
| | - Yinghua Zha
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna J Székely
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
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34
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Troussellier M, Escalas A, Bouvier T, Mouillot D. Sustaining Rare Marine Microorganisms: Macroorganisms As Repositories and Dispersal Agents of Microbial Diversity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:947. [PMID: 28611749 PMCID: PMC5447324 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent analyses revealed that most of the biodiversity observed in marine microbial communities is represented by organisms with low abundance but, nonetheless essential for ecosystem dynamics and processes across both temporal and spatial scales. Surprisingly, few studies have considered the effect of macroorganism–microbe interactions on the ecology and distribution dynamics of rare microbial taxa. In this review, we synthesize several lines of evidence that these relationships cannot be neglected any longer. First, we provide empirical support that the microbiota of macroorganisms represents a significant part of marine bacterial biodiversity and that host-microbe interactions benefit to certain microbial populations which are part of the rare biosphere (i.e., opportunistic copiotrophic organisms). Second, we reveal the major role that macroorganisms may have on the dispersal and the geographic distribution of microbes. Third, we introduce an innovative and integrated view of the interactions between microbes and macroorganisms, namely sustaining the rares, which suggests that macroorganisms favor the maintenance of marine microbial diversity and are involved in the regulation of its richness and dynamics. Finally, we show how this hypothesis complements existing theories in microbial ecology and offers new perspectives about the importance of macroorganisms for the microbial biosphere, particularly the rare members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Troussellier
- MARBEC, UMR IRD-CNRS-UM-IFREMER 9190, Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Arthur Escalas
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, NormanOK, United States
| | - Thierry Bouvier
- MARBEC, UMR IRD-CNRS-UM-IFREMER 9190, Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, UMR IRD-CNRS-UM-IFREMER 9190, Université MontpellierMontpellier, France.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, TownsvilleQLD, Australia
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35
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Tan J, Yang X, Jiang L. Species ecological similarity modulates the importance of colonization history for adaptive radiation. Evolution 2017; 71:1719-1727. [PMID: 28444894 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive radiation is an important evolutionary process, through which a single ancestral lineage rapidly gives rise to multiple newly formed lineages that specialize in different niches. In the first-arrival hypothesis, David Lack emphasized the importance of species colonization history for adaptive radiation, suggesting that the earlier arrival of a diversifying species would allow it to radiate to a greater extent. Here, we report on the first rigorous experimental test of this hypothesis, using the rapidly evolving bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 and six different bacterial competitors. We show that the earlier arrival of P. fluorescens facilitated its diversification. Nevertheless, significant effects of colonization history, which led to alternative diversification trajectories, were observed only when the competitors shared similar niche and competitive fitness with P. fluorescens. These results highlight the important role of species colonization history, modified by their ecological differences, for adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332
| | - Xian Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332
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36
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Le Provost G, Gross N, Börger L, Deraison H, Roncoroni M, Badenhausser I. Trait‐matching and mass effect determine the functional response of herbivore communities to land‐use intensification. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtane Le Provost
- Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle UMR 7372 CNRS – Université de La Rochelle F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- INRA USC 1339 (Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle – CNRS) F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre CNRS F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
| | - Nicolas Gross
- Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle UMR 7372 CNRS – Université de La Rochelle F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- INRA USC 1339 (Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle – CNRS) F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre CNRS F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación Departamento de Ciencias Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología Universidad Rey Juan Carlos C/ Tulipán s/n 28933 Móstoles Spain
| | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences College of Science Swansea University Singleton Park SwanseaSA2 8PP UK
| | - Hélène Deraison
- Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle UMR 7372 CNRS – Université de La Rochelle F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- INRA USC 1339 (Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle – CNRS) F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre CNRS F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
| | - Marilyn Roncoroni
- Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle UMR 7372 CNRS – Université de La Rochelle F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- INRA USC 1339 (Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle – CNRS) F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre CNRS F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
| | - Isabelle Badenhausser
- Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle UMR 7372 CNRS – Université de La Rochelle F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- INRA USC 1339 (Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle – CNRS) F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre CNRS F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
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37
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Yang T, Wei Z, Friman V, Xu Y, Shen Q, Kowalchuk GA, Jousset A. Resource availability modulates biodiversity‐invasion relationships by altering competitive interactions. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2984-2991. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjie Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based FertilizersJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University210095Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Institute for Environmental Biology, Ecology & BiodiversityUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Zhong Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based FertilizersJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University210095Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yangchun Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based FertilizersJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University210095Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based FertilizersJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University210095Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - George A. Kowalchuk
- Institute for Environmental Biology, Ecology & BiodiversityUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Jousset
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based FertilizersJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University210095Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Institute for Environmental Biology, Ecology & BiodiversityUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
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38
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Massol F, Altermatt F, Gounand I, Gravel D, Leibold MA, Mouquet N. How life-history traits affect ecosystem properties: effects of dispersal in meta-ecosystems. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François Massol
- CNRS, Univ. de Lille, UMR 8198 Evo-Eco-Paleo, SPICI group; FR-59000 Lille France
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Dübendorf, Switzerland, and: Dept of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Univ. of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Gounand
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Dübendorf, Switzerland, and: Dept of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Univ. of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Dépt de biologie; Univ. de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada, and: Québec Center for Biodiversity Science; Quebec Canada
| | - Mathew A. Leibold
- Dept of Integrative Biology; Univ. of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
| | - Nicolas Mouquet
- 7 UMR MARBEC (MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation); Univ. de Montpellier; Montpellier France
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39
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Species-rich networks and eco-evolutionary synthesis at the metacommunity level. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:24. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-016-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Mohd MH, Murray R, Plank MJ, Godsoe W. Effects of dispersal and stochasticity on the presence–absence of multiple species. Ecol Modell 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Wang J, Cheng Y, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Von Gadow K. Relationships between tree biomass productivity and local species diversity. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes of BeijingBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yanxia Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes of BeijingBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes of BeijingBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yazhou Zhao
- College of Landscape ArchitectureBeijing University of Agriculture Beijing 102206 China
| | - Xiuhai Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes of BeijingBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Klaus Von Gadow
- Faculty of Forestry and Forest EcologyGeorg‐August‐University Göttingen Göttingen D‐37077 Germany
- Department of Forest and Wood ScienceUniversity of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch 7600 South Africa
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42
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Effects of dispersal and selection on stochastic assembly in microbial communities. ISME JOURNAL 2016; 11:176-185. [PMID: 27494293 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stochastic processes can play an important role in microbial community assembly. Dispersal limitation is one process that can increase stochasticity and obscure relationships between environmental variables and microbial community composition, but the relationship between dispersal, selection and stochasticity has not been described in a comprehensive way. We examine how dispersal and its interactions with drift and selection alter the consistency with which microbial communities assemble using a realistic, individual-based model of microbial decomposers. Communities were assembled under different environmental conditions and dispersal rates in repeated simulations, and we examined the compositional difference among replicate communities colonizing the same type of leaf litter ('within-group distance'), as well as between-group deterministic selection. Dispersal rates below 25% turnover per year resulted in high within-group distance among communities and no significant environmental effects. As dispersal limitation was alleviated, both within- and between-group distance decreased, but despite this homogenization, deterministic environmental effects remained significant. In addition to direct effects of dispersal rate, stochasticity of community composition was influenced by an interaction between dispersal and selection strength. Specifically, communities experiencing stronger selection (less favorable litter chemistries) were more stochastic, possibly because lower biomass and richness intensified drift or priority effects. Overall, we show that dispersal rate can significantly alter patterns of community composition. Partitioning the effects of dispersal, selection and drift based on static patterns of microbial composition will be difficult, if not impossible. Experiments will be required to tease apart these complex interactions between assembly processes shaping microbial communities.
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43
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Johnson PTJ, Wood CL, Joseph MB, Preston DL, Haas SE, Springer YP. Habitat heterogeneity drives the host-diversity-begets-parasite-diversity relationship: evidence from experimental and field studies. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:752-61. [PMID: 27147106 PMCID: PMC4902763 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite a century of research into the factors that generate and maintain biodiversity, we know remarkably little about the drivers of parasite diversity. To identify the mechanisms governing parasite diversity, we combined surveys of 8100 amphibian hosts with an outdoor experiment that tested theory developed for free-living species. Our analyses revealed that parasite diversity increased consistently with host diversity due to habitat (i.e. host) heterogeneity, with secondary contributions from parasite colonisation and host abundance. Results of the experiment, in which host diversity was manipulated while parasite colonisation and host abundance were fixed, further reinforced this conclusion. Finally, the coefficient of host diversity on parasite diversity increased with spatial grain, which was driven by differences in their species-area curves: while host richness quickly saturated, parasite richness continued to increase with neighbourhood size. These results offer mechanistic insights into drivers of parasite diversity and provide a hierarchical framework for multi-scale disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter T. J. Johnson
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Chelsea L. Wood
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Michigan Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maxwell B. Joseph
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Daniel L. Preston
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Sarah E. Haas
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Yuri P. Springer
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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44
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Zha Y, Berga M, Comte J, Langenheder S. Effects of Dispersal and Initial Diversity on the Composition and Functional Performance of Bacterial Communities. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155239. [PMID: 27182596 PMCID: PMC4868275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural communities are open systems and consequently dispersal can play an important role for the diversity, composition and functioning of communities at the local scale. It is, however, still unclear how effects of dispersal differ depending on the initial diversity of local communities. Here we implemented an experiment where we manipulated the initial diversity of natural freshwater bacterioplankton communities using a dilution-to-extinction approach as well as dispersal from a regional species pool. The aim was further to test whether dispersal effects on bacterial abundance and functional parameters (average community growth rates, respiration rates, substrate utilisation ability) differ in dependence of the initial diversity of the communities. First of all, we found that both initial diversity and dispersal rates had an effect on the recruitment of taxa from a regional source, which was higher in communities with low initial diversity and at higher rates of dispersal. Higher initial diversity and dispersal also promoted higher levels of richness and evenness in local communities and affected, both, separately or interactively, the functional performance of communities. Our study therefore suggests that dispersal can influence the diversity, composition and functioning of bacterial communities and that this effect may be enhanced if the initial diversity of communities is depleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Zha
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mercè Berga
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jérôme Comte
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
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45
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Abstract
We consider a simple food web with commensal relationship, where organisms utilize both external resources and resources produced by other organisms. We show that in such a community with no competition, there is at most one possible equilibrium for each fixed set of surviving species, and develop a natural condition that determines which species survive based on available resource. Our main result shows that among all possible communities described by equilibria, the one which is stable has the largest number of surviving species and largest combined biomass and hence maximizes utilization of available resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Gedeon
- Department of Mathematics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
| | - Patrick Murphy
- Department of Mathematics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
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46
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Hesse E, Best A, Boots M, Hall AR, Buckling A. Spatial heterogeneity lowers rather than increases host-parasite specialization. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1682-90. [PMID: 26135011 PMCID: PMC4973826 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic environmental heterogeneity can promote the evolution of diverse resource specialists, which in turn may increase the degree of host-parasite specialization. We coevolved Pseudomonas fluorescens and lytic phage ϕ2 in spatially structured populations, each consisting of two interconnected subpopulations evolving in the same or different nutrient media (homogeneous and heterogeneous environments, respectively). Counter to the normal expectation, host-parasite specialization was significantly lower in heterogeneous compared with homogeneous environments. This result could not be explained by dispersal homogenizing populations, as this would have resulted in the heterogeneous treatments having levels of specialization equal to or greater than that of the homogeneous environments. We argue that selection for costly generalists is greatest when the coevolving species are exposed to diverse environmental conditions and that this can provide an explanation for our results. A simple coevolutionary model of this process suggests that this can be a general mechanism by which environmental heterogeneity can reduce rather than increase host-parasite specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hesse
- ESI, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - A Best
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Boots
- CLES, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | | | - A Buckling
- ESI, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
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47
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Hao YQ, Brockhurst MA, Petchey OL, Zhang QG. Evolutionary rescue can be impeded by temporary environmental amelioration. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:892-8. [PMID: 26119065 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid evolutionary adaptation has the potential to rescue from extinction populations experiencing environmental changes. Little is known, however, about the impact of short-term environmental fluctuations during long-term environmental deterioration, an intrinsic property of realistic environmental changes. Temporary environmental amelioration arising from such fluctuations could either facilitate evolutionary rescue by allowing population recovery (a positive demographic effect) or impede it by relaxing selection for beneficial mutations required for future survival (a negative population genetic effect). We address this uncertainty in an experiment with populations of a bacteriophage virus that evolved under deteriorating conditions (gradually increasing temperature). Periodic environmental amelioration (short periods of reduced temperature) caused demographic recovery during the early phase of the experiment, but ultimately reduced the frequency of evolutionary rescue. These experimental results suggest that environmental fluctuations could reduce the potential of evolutionary rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Hao
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | | | - Owen L Petchey
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Quan-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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48
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Berga M, Östman Ö, Lindström ES, Langenheder S. Combined effects of zooplankton grazing and dispersal on the diversity and assembly mechanisms of bacterial metacommunities. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:2275-87. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Berga
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Örjan Östman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Eva S. Lindström
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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49
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Warren BH, Simberloff D, Ricklefs RE, Aguilée R, Condamine FL, Gravel D, Morlon H, Mouquet N, Rosindell J, Casquet J, Conti E, Cornuault J, Fernández-Palacios JM, Hengl T, Norder SJ, Rijsdijk KF, Sanmartín I, Strasberg D, Triantis KA, Valente LM, Whittaker RJ, Gillespie RG, Emerson BC, Thébaud C. Islands as model systems in ecology and evolution: prospects fifty years after MacArthur-Wilson. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:200-17. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben H. Warren
- Institute of Systematic Botany; University of Zurich; Zollikerstrasse 107 8008 Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996 USA
- UMR PVBMT; Université de La Réunion-CIRAD; 7 chemin de l'IRAT Ligne Paradis 97410 Saint Pierre Réunion France
| | - Daniel Simberloff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Robert E. Ricklefs
- Department of Biology; University of Missouri at St. Louis; 8001 Natural Bridge Road St. Louis MO 63121 USA
| | - Robin Aguilée
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique; UMR 5174 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENFA; 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Fabien L. Condamine
- CNRS; UMR 7641 Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées (Ecole Polytechnique); Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de Biologie; Université du Québec à Rimouski 300; Allée des Ursulines; Rimouski QC G5L 3A1 Canada
| | - Hélène Morlon
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS); UMR CNRS 8197; 46 rue d'Ulm 75005 Paris France
| | - Nicolas Mouquet
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution; UMR 5554; CNRS; Univ. Montpellier 2; CC 065 Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - James Rosindell
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; Silwood Park Campus Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK
| | - Juliane Casquet
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique; UMR 5174 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENFA; 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Elena Conti
- Institute of Systematic Botany; University of Zurich; Zollikerstrasse 107 8008 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Josselin Cornuault
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique; UMR 5174 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENFA; 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - José María Fernández-Palacios
- Island Ecology and Biogeography Group; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC); Universidad de La Laguna; Tenerife Canary Islands Spain
| | - Tomislav Hengl
- ISRIC-World Soil Information; 6700 AJ Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Sietze J. Norder
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics; Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth F. Rijsdijk
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics; Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Sanmartín
- Real Jardín Botánico; RJB-CSIC; Plaza de Murillo 2 28014 Madrid Spain
| | - Dominique Strasberg
- UMR PVBMT; Université de La Réunion-CIRAD; 7 chemin de l'IRAT Ligne Paradis 97410 Saint Pierre Réunion France
| | - Kostas A. Triantis
- Department of Ecology and Taxonomy; Faculty of Biology; National and Kapodistrian University; Athens 15784 Greece
- Oxford University Centre for the Environment; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY UK
| | - Luis M. Valente
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Robert J. Whittaker
- Oxford University Centre for the Environment; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY UK
| | - Rosemary G. Gillespie
- Division of Organisms and Environment; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Brent C. Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group; Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC); C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 La Laguna 38206 Tenerife Canary Islands Spain
| | - Christophe Thébaud
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique; UMR 5174 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENFA; 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
- CESAB / FRB; Domaine du Petit Arbois; Av Louis Philibert Aix-en-Provence 13100 France
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50
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Severin I, Lindström ES, Östman Ö. Relationships between bacterial community composition, functional trait composition and functioning are context dependent--but what is the context? PLoS One 2014; 9:e112409. [PMID: 25380200 PMCID: PMC4224428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial communities are immensely diverse and drive many fundamental ecosystem processes. However, the role of bacterial community composition (BCC) for functioning is still unclear. Here we evaluate the relative importance of BCC (from 454-sequencing), functional traits (from Biolog Ecoplates) and environmental conditions for per cell biomass production (BPC; 3H-leucine incorporation) in six data sets of natural freshwater bacterial communities. BCC explained significant variation of BPC in all six data sets and most variation in four. BCC measures based on 16S rRNA (active bacteria) did not consistently explain more variation in BPC than measures based on the 16S rRNA-gene (total community), and adding phylogenetic information did not, in general, increase the explanatory power of BCC. In contrast to our hypothesis, the importance of BCC for BPC was not related to the anticipated dispersal rates in and out of communities. Functional traits, most notably the ability to use cyclic and aromatic compounds, as well as local environmental conditions, i.e. stoichiometric relationships of nutrients, explained some variation in all six data sets. In general there were weak associations between variation in BCC and variation in the functional traits contributing to productivity. This indicates that additional traits may be important for productivity as well. By comparing several data sets obtained in a similar way we conclude that no single measure of BCC was obviously better than another in explaining BPC. We identified some key functional traits for productivity, but although there was a coupling between BCC, functional traits and productivity, the strength of the coupling seems context dependent. However, the exact context is still unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Severin
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Eva S. Lindström
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Örjan Östman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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