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Liu M, Bakker AS, Narimatsu Y, van Kuppeveld FJM, Clausen H, de Haan CAM, de Vries E. H3N2 influenza A virus gradually adapts to human-type receptor binding and entry specificity after the start of the 1968 pandemic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304992120. [PMID: 37467282 PMCID: PMC10401031 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304992120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To become established upon zoonotic transfer, influenza A viruses (IAV) need to switch binding from "avian-type" α2-3-linked sialic acid receptors (2-3Sia) to "human-type" Siaα2-6-linked sialic acid receptors (2-6Sia). For the 1968 H3N2 pandemic virus, this was accomplished by two canonical amino acid substitutions in its hemagglutinin (HA) although a full specificity shift had not occurred. The receptor repertoire on epithelial cells is highly diverse and simultaneous interaction of a virus particle with a range of low- to very low-affinity receptors results in tight heteromultivalent binding. How this range of affinities determines binding selectivity and virus motility remains largely unknown as the analysis of low-affinity monovalent HA-receptor interactions is technically challenging. Here, a biolayer interferometry assay enabled a comprehensive analysis of receptor-binding kinetics evolution upon host-switching. Virus-binding kinetics of H3N2 virus isolates slowly evolved from 1968 to 1979 from mixed 2-3/2-6Sia specificity to high 2-6Sia specificity, surprisingly followed by a decline in selectivity after 1992. By using genetically tuned HEK293 cells, presenting either a simplified 2-3Sia- or 2-6Sia-specific receptor repertoire, receptor-specific binding was shown to correlate strongly with receptor-specific entry. In conclusion, the slow and continuous evolution of entry and receptor-binding specificity of seasonal H3N2 viruses contrasts with the paradigm that human IAVs need to rapidly acquire and maintain a high specificity for 2-6Sia. Analysis of the kinetic parameters of receptor binding provides a basis for understanding virus-binding specificity, motility, and HA/neuraminidase balance at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Liu
- Virology section, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CLUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A. Sophie Bakker
- Virology section, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CLUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld
- Virology section, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CLUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cornelis A. M. de Haan
- Virology section, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CLUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vries
- Virology section, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CLUtrecht, the Netherlands
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2
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Olajide OM, Osman MK, Robert J, Kessler S, Toews LK, Thamamongood T, Neefjes J, Wrobel AG, Schwemmle M, Ciminski K, Reuther P. Evolutionarily conserved amino acids in MHC-II mediate bat influenza A virus entry into human cells. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002182. [PMID: 37410798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral hemagglutinins of conventional influenza A viruses (IAVs) bind to sialylated glycans on host cell surfaces for attachment and subsequent infection. In contrast, hemagglutinins of bat-derived IAVs target major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) for cell entry. MHC-II proteins from various vertebrate species can facilitate infection with the bat IAV H18N11. Yet, it has been difficult to biochemically determine the H18:MHC-II binding. Here, we followed a different approach and generated MHC-II chimeras from the human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR), which supports H18-mediated entry, and the nonclassical MHC-II molecule HLA-DM, which does not. In this context, viral entry was supported only by a chimera containing the HLA-DR α1, α2, and β1 domains. Subsequent modeling of the H18:HLA-DR interaction identified the α2 domain as central for this interaction. Further mutational analyses revealed highly conserved amino acids within loop 4 (N149) and β-sheet 6 (V190) of the α2 domain as critical for virus entry. This suggests that conserved residues in the α1, α2, and β1 domains of MHC-II mediate H18-binding and virus propagation. The conservation of MHC-II amino acids, which are critical for H18N11 binding, may explain the broad species specificity of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okikiola M Olajide
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Kaukab Osman
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Robert
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kessler
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lina Kathrin Toews
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thiprampai Thamamongood
- Virology and Cell Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antoni G Wrobel
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Reuther
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Liu M, van Kuppeveld FJM, de Haan CAM, de Vries E. Gradual adaptation of animal influenza A viruses to human-type sialic acid receptors. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 60:101314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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4
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Hamming PHE, Overeem NJ, Diestelhorst K, Fiers T, Tieke M, Vos GM, Boons GJPH, van der Vries E, Block S, Huskens J. Receptor Density-Dependent Motility of Influenza Virus Particles on Surface Gradients. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:25066-25076. [PMID: 37167605 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses can move across the surface of host cells while interacting with their glycocalyx. This motility may assist in finding or forming locations for cell entry and thereby promote cellular uptake. Because the binding to and cleavage of cell surface receptors forms the driving force for the process, the surface-bound motility of influenza is expected to be dependent on the receptor density. Surface gradients with gradually varying receptor densities are thus a valuable tool to study binding and motility processes of influenza and can function as a mimic for local receptor density variations at the glycocalyx that may steer the directionality of a virus particle in finding the proper site of uptake. We have tracked individual influenza virus particles moving over surfaces with receptor density gradients. We analyzed the extracted virus tracks first at a general level to verify neuraminidase activity and subsequently with increasing detail to quantify the receptor density-dependent behavior on the level of individual virus particles. While a directional bias was not observed, most likely due to limitations of the steepness of the surface gradient, the surface mobility and the probability of sticking were found to be significantly dependent on receptor density. A combination of high surface mobility and high dissociation probability of influenza was observed at low receptor densities, while the opposite occurred at higher receptor densities. These properties result in an effective mechanism for finding high-receptor density patches, which are believed to be a key feature of potential locations for cell entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Erik Hamming
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nico J Overeem
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Diestelhorst
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tren Fiers
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Malte Tieke
- Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gaël M Vos
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan P H Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Erhard van der Vries
- Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Royal GD, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ Deventer, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Block
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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5
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Dubacheva GV, Curk T, Richter RP. Determinants of Superselectivity─Practical Concepts for Application in Biology and Medicine. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:729-739. [PMID: 36916901 PMCID: PMC10077582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusMultivalent interactions are common in biological systems and are also widely deployed for targeting applications in biomedicine. A unique feature of multivalent binding is "superselectivity". Superselectivity refers to the sharp discrimination of surfaces (e.g., on cells or cell compartments) by their comparative surface densities of a given receptor. This feature is different from the conventional "type" selectivity, which discriminates surfaces by their distinct receptor types. In a broader definition, a probe is superselective if it converts a gradual change in any one interaction parameter into a sharp on/off dependency in probe binding.This Account describes our systematic experimental and theoretical efforts over the past decade to analyze the determinants of superselective binding. It aims to offer chemical biologists, biophysicists, biologists, and biomedical scientists a set of guidelines for the interpretation of multivalent binding data, and design rules for tuning superselective targeting. We first provide a basic introduction that identifies multiple low-affinity interactions and combinatorial entropy as the minimal set of conditions required for superselective recognition. We then introduce the main experimental and theoretical tools and analyze how salient features of the multivalent probes (i.e., their concentration, size, ligand valency, and scaffold type), of the surface receptors (i.e., their affinity for ligands, surface density, and mobility), and of competitors and cofactors (i.e., their concentration and affinity for the ligands and/or receptors) influence the sharpness and the position of the threshold for superselective recognition.Emerging from this work are a set of relatively simple yet quantitative data analysis guidelines and superselectivity design rules that apply to a broad range of probe types and interaction systems. The key finding is the scaling variable xS which faithfully predicts the influence of the surface receptor density, probe ligand valency, receptor-ligand affinity, and competitor/cofactor concentrations and affinities on superselective recognition. The scaling variable is a simple yet versatile tool to quantitatively tune the on/off threshold of superselective probes. We exemplify its application by reviewing and reinterpreting literature data for selected biological and biomedical interaction systems where superselectivity clearly is important.Our guidelines can be deployed to generate a new mechanistic understanding of multivalent recognition events inside and outside cells and the downstream physiological/pathological implications. Moreover, the design rules can be harnessed to develop novel superselective probes for analytical purposes in the life sciences and for diagnostic/therapeutic intervention in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V Dubacheva
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), UMR 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tine Curk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ralf P Richter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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6
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Micallef J, Baker AN, Richards SJ, Soutar DE, Georgiou PG, Walker M, Gibson MI. Polymer-tethered glyconanoparticle colourimetric biosensors for lectin binding: structural and experimental parameters to ensure a robust output. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33080-33090. [PMID: 36425181 PMCID: PMC9672907 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan-lectin interactions play essential roles in biology; as the site of attachment for pathogens, cell-cell communication, and as crucial players in the immune system. Identifying if a new glycan (natural or unnatural) binds a protein partner, or if a new protein (or mutant) binds a glycan remains a non-trivial problem, with few accessible or low-cost tools available. Micro-arrays allow for the interrogation of 100's of glycans but are not widely available in individual laboratories. Biophysical techniques such as isothermal titration calorimetry, surface plasmon resonance spectrometry, biolayer interferometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy all provide detailed understanding of glycan binding but are relatively expensive. Glycosylated plasmonic nanoparticles based on gold cores with polymeric tethers have emerged as biosensors to detect glycan-protein binding, based on colourimetric (red to blue) outputs which can be easily interpreted by a simple UV-visible spectrometer or by eye. Despite the large number of reports there are no standard protocols for each system or recommended start points, to allow a new user to deploy this technology. Here we explore the key parameters of nanoparticle size, polymeric tether length and gold concentration to provide some guidelines for how polymer-tethered glycosylated gold nanoparticles can be used to probe a new glycan/protein interactions, with minimal optimisation barriers. This work aimed to remove the need to explore chemical and nanoparticle space and hence remove a barrier for other users when deploying this system. We show that the concentration of the gold core is crucial to balance strong responses versus false positives and recommend a gold core size and polymer tether length which balances sufficient colloidal stability and output. Whilst subtle differences between glycans/lectins will impact the outcomes, these parameters should enable a lab user to quickly evaluate binding using minimal quantities of the glycan and lectin, to select candidates for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
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7
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Zhao C, Pu J. Influence of Host Sialic Acid Receptors Structure on the Host Specificity of Influenza Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102141. [PMID: 36298694 PMCID: PMC9608321 DOI: 10.3390/v14102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses need to use sialic acid receptors to invade host cells, and the α-2,3 and α-2,6 sialic acids glycosidic bonds linking the terminal sialic acids are generally considered to be the most important factors influencing the cross-species transmission of the influenza viruses. The development of methods to detect the binding of influenza virus HA proteins to sialic acid receptors, as well as the development of glycobiological techniques, has led to a richer understanding of the structure of the sialylated glycan in influenza virus hosts. It was found that, in addition to the sialic acid glycosidic bond, sialic acid variants, length of the sialylated glycan, Gal-GlcNAc-linked glycosidic bond within the sialylated glycan, and sulfation/fucosylation of the GlcNAc within the sialylated glycan all affect the binding properties of influenza viruses to the sialic acid receptors, thus indirectly affecting the host specificity of influenza viruses. This paper will review the sialic acid variants, internal structural differences of sialylated glycan molecules that affect the host specificity of influenza viruses, and distribution characteristics of sialic acid receptors in influenza virus hosts, in order to provide a more reliable theoretical basis for the in-depth investigation of cross-species transmission of influenza viruses and the development of new antiviral drugs.
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Biolayer Interferometry Analysis for a Higher Throughput Quantification of In-Process Samples of a Rotavirus Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101585. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A infection is a global leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis associated with life-threatening diarrheal episodes in infants and young children. The disease burden is being reduced, namely due to a wider access to rotavirus vaccines. However, there is a demand to expand rotavirus vaccination programs, and to achieve this, it is critical to improve high-throughput in-process product quality control and vaccine manufacturing monitoring. Here, we present the development of an analytical method for the quantification of rotavirus particles contained in a licensed vaccine. The binding of rotavirus proteins to distinct glycoconjugate receptors and monoclonal antibodies was evaluated using biolayer interferometry analysis, applied on an Octet platform. The antibody strategy presented the best results with a linear response range within 2.5 × 107–1.0 × 108 particles·mL−1 and limits of detection and quantification of 2.5 × 106 and 7.5 × 106 particles·mL−1, respectively. Method suitability for the quantification of in-process samples was shown using samples from different manufacturing stages and their titers were comparable with the approved CCID(50) method. This cell-free method enables a fast and high-throughput analysis, compatible with time constraints during bioprocess development and it is suitable to be adapted to other viral particle-based drug products.
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9
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Curk T, Dubacheva GV, Brisson AR, Richter RP. Controlling Superselectivity of Multivalent Interactions with Cofactors and Competitors. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17346-17350. [PMID: 36103600 PMCID: PMC9523699 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Moieties that compete
with multivalent interactions or act as cofactors
are common in living systems, but their effect on multivalent binding
remains poorly understood. We derive a theoretical model that shows
how the superselectivity of multivalent interactions is modulated
by the presence of cofactors or competitors. We find that the role
of these participating moieties can be fully captured by a simple
rescaling of the affinity constant of the individual ligand–receptor
bonds. Theoretical predictions are supported by experimental data
of the membrane repair protein annexin A5 binding to anionic lipid
membranes in the presence of Ca2+ cofactors and of the
extracellular matrix polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) binding to CD44
cell surface receptors in the presence of HA oligosaccharide competitors.
The obtained findings should facilitate understanding of multivalent
recognition in biological systems and open new routes for fine-tuning
the selectivity of multivalent nanoprobes in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Curk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Galina V. Dubacheva
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5250, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ralf P. Richter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Immune Escape Adaptive Mutations in Hemagglutinin Are Responsible for the Antigenic Drift of Eurasian Avian-Like H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses. J Virol 2022; 96:e0097122. [PMID: 35916512 PMCID: PMC9400474 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00971-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous antigenic variation of influenza A viruses remains a major hurdle for vaccine selection; however, the molecular determinants and mechanisms of antigenic change remain largely unknown. In this study, two escape mutants were generated by serial passages of the Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus (EA H1N1 SIV) A/swine/Henan/11/2005 (HeN11) in the presence of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, which were designated HeN11-2B6-P5 and HeN11-4C7-P8, respectively. The HeN11-2B6-P5 mutant simultaneously harbored the N190D and I230M substitutions in HA, whereas HeN11-4C7-P8 harbored the M269R substitution in HA (H3 numbering). The effects of each of these substitutions on viral antigenicity were determined by measuring the neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers with mAbs and polyclonal sera raised against the representative viruses. The results indicate that residues 190 and 269 are key determinants of viral antigenic variation. In particular, the N190D mutation had the greatest antigenic impact, as determined by the HI assay. Further studies showed that both HeN11-2B6-P5 and HeN11-4C7-P8 maintained the receptor-binding specificity of the parent virus, although the single mutation N190D decreased the binding affinity for the human-type receptor. The replicative ability in vitro of HeN11-2B6-P5 was increased, whereas that of HeN11-4C7-P8 was decreased. These findings extend our understanding of the antigenic evolution of influenza viruses under immune pressure and provide insights into the functional effects of amino acid substitutions near the receptor-binding site and the interplay among receptor binding, viral replication, and antigenic drift. IMPORTANCE The antigenic changes that occur continually in the evolution of influenza A viruses remain a great challenge for the effective control of disease outbreaks. Here, we identified three amino acid substitutions (at positions 190, 230, and 269) in the HA of EA H1N1 SIVs that determine viral antigenicity and result in escape from neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. All three of these substitutions have emerged in nature. Of note, residues 190 and 230 have synergistic effects on receptor binding and antigenicity. Our findings provide a better understanding of the functional effects of amino acid substitutions in HA and their consequences for the antigenic drift of influenza viruses.
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11
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Liu M, Huang LZX, Smits AA, Büll C, Narimatsu Y, van Kuppeveld FJM, Clausen H, de Haan CAM, de Vries E. Human-type sialic acid receptors contribute to avian influenza A virus binding and entry by hetero-multivalent interactions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4054. [PMID: 35831293 PMCID: PMC9279479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31840-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment of zoonotic viruses, causing pandemics like the Spanish flu and Covid-19, requires adaptation to human receptors. Pandemic influenza A viruses (IAV) that crossed the avian-human species barrier switched from binding avian-type α2-3-linked sialic acid (2-3Sia) to human-type 2-6Sia receptors. Here, we show that this specificity switch is however less dichotomous as generally assumed. Binding and entry specificity were compared using mixed synthetic glycan gradients of 2-3Sia and 2-6Sia and by employing a genetically remodeled Sia repertoire on the surface of a Sia-free cell line and on a sialoglycoprotein secreted from these cells. Expression of a range of (mixed) 2-3Sia and 2-6Sia densities shows that non-binding human-type receptors efficiently enhanced avian IAV binding and entry provided the presence of a low density of high affinity avian-type receptors, and vice versa. Considering the heterogeneity of sialoglycan receptors encountered in vivo, hetero-multivalent binding is physiologically relevant and will impact evolutionary pathways leading to host adaptation. It is believed that human Influenza HA glycoprotein attaches to alpha2-6 linked sialic acids (SA) on cells, while avian viruses bind to alpha2-3 linked sialic acids, therewith contributing to host tropism. Here, Liu et al. show that mixing low-affinity alpha2-3 SA with low amounts of high-affinity alpha2-6 SA increases binding and entry of human viruses and the converse for avian virus. This shows that receptor recognition is not as strict as currently assumed and provides evidence that heteromultivalent interactions between human/avian HA and SA contributes to host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Liu
- Virology group, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liane Z X Huang
- Virology group, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony A Smits
- Virology group, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Virology group, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cornelis A M de Haan
- Virology group, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Erik de Vries
- Virology group, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Xu H, Palpant T, Weinberger C, Shaw DE. Characterizing Receptor Flexibility to Predict Mutations That Lead to Human Adaptation of Influenza Hemagglutinin. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4995-5005. [PMID: 35815857 PMCID: PMC9367001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A key step in the
emergence of human pandemic influenza strains
has been a switch in binding preference of the viral glycoprotein
hemagglutinin (HA) from avian to human sialic acid (SA) receptors.
The conformation of the bound SA varies substantially with HA sequence,
and crystallographic evidence suggests that the bound SA is flexible,
making it difficult to predict which mutations are responsible for
changing HA-binding preference. We performed molecular dynamics (MD)
simulations of SA analogues binding to various HAs and observed a
dynamic equilibrium among structurally diverse receptor conformations,
including conformations that have not been experimentally observed.
Using one such novel conformation, we predicted—and experimentally
confirmed—a set of mutations that substantially increased an
HA’s affinity for a human SA analogue. This prediction could
not have been inferred from the existing crystal structures, suggesting
that MD-generated HA–SA conformational ensembles could help
researchers predict human-adaptive mutations, aiding surveillance
of emerging pandemic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Xu
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Timothy Palpant
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Cody Weinberger
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - David E Shaw
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, New York 10036, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
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13
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Emergence, Evolution, and Biological Characteristics of H10N4 and H10N8 Avian Influenza Viruses in Migratory Wild Birds Detected in Eastern China in 2020. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0080722. [PMID: 35389243 PMCID: PMC9045299 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00807-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
H10Nx influenza viruses have caused increasing public concern due to their occasional infection of humans. However, the genesis and biological characteristics of H10 viruses in migratory wild birds are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted active surveillance to monitor circulation of avian influenza viruses in eastern China and isolated five H10N4 and two H10N8 viruses from migratory birds in 2020. Genetic analysis indicated that the hemagglutinin (HA) genes of the seven H10 viruses were clustered into the North American lineage and established as a novel Eurasian branch in wild birds in South Korea, Bangladesh, and China. The neuraminidase (NA) genes of the H10N4 and H10N8 viruses originated from the circulating HxN4 and H5N8 viruses in migratory birds in Eurasia. We further revealed that some of the novel H10N4 and H10N8 viruses acquired the ability to bind human-like receptors. Animal studies indicated that these H10 viruses can replicate in mice, chickens, and ducks. Importantly, we found that the H10N4 and H10N8 viruses can transmit efficiently among chickens and ducks but induce lower HA inhibition (HI) antibody titers in ducks. These findings emphasized that annual surveillance in migratory waterfowl should be strengthened to monitor the introduction of wild-bird H10N4 and H10N8 reassortants into poultry. IMPORTANCE The emerging avian influenza reassortants and mutants in birds pose an increasing threat to poultry and public health. H10 avian influenza viruses are widely prevalent in wild birds, poultry, seals, and minks and pose an increasing threat to human health. The occasional human infections with H10N8 and H10N3 viruses in China have significantly increased public concern about the potential pandemic risk posed by H10 viruses. In this study, we found that the North American H10 viruses have been successfully introduced to Asia by migratory birds and further reassorted with other subtypes to generate novel H10N4 and H10N8 viruses in eastern China. These emerging H10 reassortants have a high potential to threaten the poultry industry and human health due to their efficient replication and transmission in chickens, ducks, and mice.
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14
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Qi X, Qiu H, Hao S, Zhu F, Huang Y, Xu K, Yu H, Wang D, Zhou L, Dai Q, Zhou Y, Wang S, Huang H, Yu S, Huo X, Chen K, Liu J, Hu J, Wu M, Bao C. Human Infection with an Avian-Origin Influenza A (H10N3) Virus. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:1087-1088. [PMID: 35294820 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Qi
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shixuan Hao
- Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingzi Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyan Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Daowei Wang
- Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- China Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Qigang Dai
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shenjiao Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Haodi Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyue Yu
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Xiang Huo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianli Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Changjun Bao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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15
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Abstract
Avian influenza viruses pose a continuous threat to both poultry and human health, with significant economic impact. The ability of viruses to reassort and jump the species barrier into mammalian hosts generates a constant pandemic threat. H10Nx avian viruses have been shown to replicate in mammalian species without prior adaptation and have caused significant human infection and fatalities. They are able to rapidly reassort with circulating poultry strains and go undetected due to their low pathogenicity in chickens. Novel detections of both human reassortant strains and increasing endemicity of H10Nx poultry infections highlight the increasing need for heightened surveillance and greater understanding of the distribution, tropism, and infection capabilities of these viruses. In this minireview, we highlight the gap in the current understanding of this subtype and its prevalence across a vast range of host species and geographical locations.
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16
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Gamblin SJ, Vachieri SG, Xiong X, Zhang J, Martin SR, Skehel JJ. Hemagglutinin Structure and Activities. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a038638. [PMID: 32513673 PMCID: PMC8485738 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hemagglutinins (HAs) are the receptor-binding and membrane fusion glycoproteins of influenza viruses. They recognize sialic acid-containing, cell-surface glycoconjugates as receptors but have limited affinity for them, and, as a consequence, virus attachment to cells requires their interaction with several virus HAs. Receptor-bound virus is transferred into endosomes where membrane fusion by HAs is activated at pH between 5 and 6.5, depending on the strain of virus. Fusion activity requires extensive rearrangements in HA conformation that include extrusion of a buried "fusion peptide" to connect with the endosomal membrane, form a bridge to the virus membrane, and eventually bring both membranes close together. In this review, we give an overview of the structures of the 16 genetically and antigenically distinct subtypes of influenza A HA in relation to these two functions in virus replication and in relation to recognition of HA by antibodies that neutralize infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Gamblin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien G Vachieri
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zhang
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Martin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - John J Skehel
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
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17
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Mattox DE, Bailey-Kellogg C. Comprehensive analysis of lectin-glycan interactions reveals determinants of lectin specificity. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009470. [PMID: 34613971 PMCID: PMC8523061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin-glycan interactions facilitate inter- and intracellular communication in many processes including protein trafficking, host-pathogen recognition, and tumorigenesis promotion. Specific recognition of glycans by lectins is also the basis for a wide range of applications in areas including glycobiology research, cancer screening, and antiviral therapeutics. To provide a better understanding of the determinants of lectin-glycan interaction specificity and support such applications, this study comprehensively investigates specificity-conferring features of all available lectin-glycan complex structures. Systematic characterization, comparison, and predictive modeling of a set of 221 complementary physicochemical and geometric features representing these interactions highlighted specificity-conferring features with potential mechanistic insight. Univariable comparative analyses with weighted Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests revealed strong statistical associations between binding site features and specificity that are conserved across unrelated lectin binding sites. Multivariable modeling with random forests demonstrated the utility of these features for predicting the identity of bound glycans based on generalized patterns learned from non-homologous lectins. These analyses revealed global determinants of lectin specificity, such as sialic acid glycan recognition in deep, concave binding sites enriched for positively charged residues, in contrast to high mannose glycan recognition in fairly shallow but well-defined pockets enriched for non-polar residues. Focused fine specificity analysis of hemagglutinin interactions with human-like and avian-like glycans uncovered features representing both known and novel mutations related to shifts in influenza tropism from avian to human tissues. As the approach presented here relies on co-crystallized lectin-glycan pairs for studying specificity, it is limited in its inferences by the quantity, quality, and diversity of the structural data available. Regardless, the systematic characterization of lectin binding sites presented here provides a novel approach to studying lectin specificity and is a step towards confidently predicting new lectin-glycan interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Mattox
- Program in Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Chris Bailey-Kellogg
- Program in Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
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18
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Overeem NJ, Hamming PH(E, Tieke M, van der Vries E, Huskens J. Multivalent Affinity Profiling: Direct Visualization of the Superselective Binding of Influenza Viruses. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8525-8536. [PMID: 33978406 PMCID: PMC8158855 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) interacts with the glycocalyx of host cells through its surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Quantitative biophysical measurements of these interactions may help to understand these interactions at the molecular level with the long-term aim to predict influenza infectivity and answer other biological questions. We developed a method, called multivalent affinity profiling (MAP), to measure virus binding profiles on receptor density gradients to determine the threshold receptor density, which is a quantitative measure of virus avidity toward a receptor. Here, we show that imaging of IAVs on receptor density gradients allows the direct visualization and efficient assessment of their superselective binding. We show how the multivalent binding of IAVs can be quantitatively assessed using MAP if the receptor density gradients are prepared around the threshold receptor density without crowding at the higher densities. The threshold receptor density increases strongly with increasing flow rate, showing that the superselective binding of IAV is influenced by shear force. This method of visualization and quantitative assessment of superselective binding allows not only comparative studies of IAV-receptor interactions, but also more fundamental studies of how superselectivity arises and is influenced by experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico J. Overeem
- Department
of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - P. H. (Erik) Hamming
- Department
of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Malte Tieke
- Division
of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erhard van der Vries
- Division
of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Royal
GD, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ, Deventer, The Netherlands
- Department
of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Department
of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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19
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Herfst S, Zhang J, Richard M, McBride R, Lexmond P, Bestebroer TM, Spronken MIJ, de Meulder D, van den Brand JM, Rosu ME, Martin SR, Gamblin SJ, Xiong X, Peng W, Bodewes R, van der Vries E, Osterhaus ADME, Paulson JC, Skehel JJ, Fouchier RAM. Hemagglutinin Traits Determine Transmission of Avian A/H10N7 Influenza Virus between Mammals. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 28:602-613.e7. [PMID: 33031770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In 2014, an outbreak of avian A/H10N7 influenza virus occurred among seals along North-European coastal waters, significantly impacting seal populations. Here, we examine the cross-species transmission and mammalian adaptation of this influenza A virus, revealing changes in the hemagglutinin surface protein that increase stability and receptor binding. The seal A/H10N7 virus was aerosol or respiratory droplet transmissible between ferrets. Compared with avian H10 hemagglutinin, seal H10 hemagglutinin showed stronger binding to the human-type sialic acid receptor, with preferential binding to α2,6-linked sialic acids on long extended branches. In X-ray structures, changes in the 220-loop of the receptor-binding pocket caused similar interactions with human receptor as seen for pandemic strains. Two substitutions made seal H10 hemagglutinin more stable than avian H10 hemagglutinin and similar to human hemagglutinin. Consequently, identification of avian-origin influenza viruses across mammals appears critical to detect influenza A viruses posing a major threat to humans and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jie Zhang
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mathilde Richard
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ryan McBride
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Microbiology, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pascal Lexmond
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo M Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique I J Spronken
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis de Meulder
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M van den Brand
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miruna E Rosu
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen R Martin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Steve J Gamblin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Wenjie Peng
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Microbiology, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rogier Bodewes
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erhard van der Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Research Centre for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Microbiology, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John J Skehel
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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20
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Overeem NJ, van der Vries E, Huskens J. A Dynamic, Supramolecular View on the Multivalent Interaction between Influenza Virus and Host Cell. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007214. [PMID: 33682339 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how influenza viruses traverse the mucus and recognize host cells is critical for evaluating their zoonotic potential, and for prevention and treatment of the disease. The surface of the influenza A virus is covered with the receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin and the receptor-cleaving enzyme neuraminidase, which jointly control the interactions between the virus and the host cell. These proteins are organized in closely spaced trimers and tetramers to facilitate multivalent interactions with sialic acid-terminated glycans. This review shows that the individually weak multivalent interactions of influenza viruses allow superselective binding, virus-induced recruitment of receptors, and the formation of dynamic complexes that facilitate molecular walking. Techniques to measure the avidity and receptor specificity of influenza viruses are reviewed, and the pivotal role of multivalent interactions with their emergent properties in crossing the mucus and entering host cells is discussed. A model is proposed for the initiation of cell entry through virus-induced receptor clustering. The multivalent interactions of influenza viruses are maintained in a dynamic regime by a functional balance between binding and cleaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico J Overeem
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Erhard van der Vries
- Royal GD, Arnsbergstraat 7, Deventer, 7418 EZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
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21
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Overeem NJ, Hamming PHE, Grant OC, Di Iorio D, Tieke M, Bertolino MC, Li Z, Vos G, de Vries RP, Woods RJ, Tito NB, Boons GJPH, van der Vries E, Huskens J. Hierarchical Multivalent Effects Control Influenza Host Specificity. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2311-2318. [PMID: 33376792 PMCID: PMC7760459 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how emerging influenza viruses recognize host cells is critical in evaluating their zoonotic potential, pathogenicity, and transmissibility between humans. The surface of the influenza virus is covered with hemagglutinin (HA) proteins that can form multiple interactions with sialic acid-terminated glycans on the host cell surface. This multivalent binding affects the selectivity of the virus in ways that cannot be predicted from the individual receptor-ligand interactions alone. Here, we show that the intrinsic structural and energetic differences between the interactions of avian- or human-type receptors with influenza HA translate from individual site affinity and orientation through receptor length and density on the surface into virus avidity and specificity. We introduce a method to measure virus avidity using receptor density gradients. We found that influenza viruses attached stably to a surface at receptor densities that correspond to a minimum number of approximately 8 HA-glycan interactions, but more interactions were required if the receptors were short and human-type. Thus, the avidity and specificity of influenza viruses for a host cell depend not on the sialic acid linkage alone but on a combination of linkage and the length and density of receptors on the cell surface. Our findings suggest that threshold receptor densities play a key role in virus tropism, which is a predicting factor for both their virulence and zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico J. Overeem
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - P. H. Erik Hamming
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver C. Grant
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States
| | - Daniele Di Iorio
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Malte Tieke
- Division
of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Candelaria Bertolino
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Zeshi Li
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gaël Vos
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P. de Vries
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J. Woods
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States
- E-mail:
| | - Nicholas B. Tito
- Electric
Ant Lab, Science Park
106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan P. H. Boons
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Bijvoet Center
for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Erhard van der Vries
- Division
of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Royal
GD, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ Deventer, The Netherlands
- Department
of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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22
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Tang L, Tang W, Ming L, Gu J, Qian K, Li X, Wang T, He G. Characterization of Avian Influenza Virus H10-H12 Subtypes Isolated from Wild Birds in Shanghai, China from 2016 to 2019. Viruses 2020; 12:E1085. [PMID: 32992999 PMCID: PMC7600165 DOI: 10.3390/v12101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
H10, H11 and H12 (H10-H12) subtypes of the avian influenza virus (AIV) are associated with waterfowl. Although these subtypes of AIV are infrequently detected in nature, they can undergo reassortment with other AIV subtypes. Few H10-H12 subtypes of AIV have been isolated from wild birds in China. In this study, 12 AIV isolates of H10-H12 subtypes were identified via routine surveillance of wild birds in Shanghai, China from 2016 to 2019, including two H10, three H11 and seven H12 isolates. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the genomic segments of the 12 isolates are highly diverse. These 12 isolates are closely related to those in the Eurasian lineage and share a high degree of sequence identity with those from wild birds and domestic ducks in countries in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, including Japan, Korea, Bangladesh, Vietnam and China. However, parts of the genomic segments of two H12N2 isolates (NH112319-H12N2 and NH101807-H12N2) belong to the North American lineage, suggesting intercontinental reassortment among H12 AIVs in Eurasia and North American. To better understand the ecological and phylodynamic features of H10-H12 subtypes in wild birds, a large-scale surveillance of AIVs in wild birds is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tang
- Laboratory of Wildlife Epidemic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200063, China; (L.T.); (W.T.); (L.M.); (X.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Wangjun Tang
- Laboratory of Wildlife Epidemic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200063, China; (L.T.); (W.T.); (L.M.); (X.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Le Ming
- Laboratory of Wildlife Epidemic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200063, China; (L.T.); (W.T.); (L.M.); (X.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Jianming Gu
- Pudong District Forestry Station of Shanghai, Shanghai 200120, China; (J.G.); (K.Q.)
| | - Kai Qian
- Pudong District Forestry Station of Shanghai, Shanghai 200120, China; (J.G.); (K.Q.)
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Laboratory of Wildlife Epidemic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200063, China; (L.T.); (W.T.); (L.M.); (X.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Tianhou Wang
- Laboratory of Wildlife Epidemic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200063, China; (L.T.); (W.T.); (L.M.); (X.L.); (T.W.)
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Guimei He
- Laboratory of Wildlife Epidemic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200063, China; (L.T.); (W.T.); (L.M.); (X.L.); (T.W.)
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200063, China
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23
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Richards SJ, Baker AN, Walker M, Gibson MI. Polymer-Stabilized Sialylated Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Optimization, and Differential Binding to Influenza Hemagglutinins. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1604-1612. [PMID: 32191036 PMCID: PMC7173702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During influenza infection, hemagglutinins (HAs) on the viral surface bind to sialic acids on the host cell's surface. While all HAs bind sialic acids, human influenza targets terminal α2,6 sialic acids and avian influenza targets α2,3 sialic acids. For interspecies transmission (zoonosis), HA must mutate to adapt to these differences. Here, multivalent gold nanoparticles bearing either α2,6- or α2,3-sialyllactosamine have been developed to interrogate a panel of HAs from pathogenic human, low pathogenic avian, and other species' influenza. This method exploits the benefits of multivalent glycan presentation compared to monovalent presentation to increase affinity and investigate how multivalency affects selectivity. Using a library-orientated approach, parameters including polymer coating and core diameter were optimized for maximal binding and specificity were probed using galactosylated particles and a panel of biophysical techniques [ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and biolayer interferometry]. The optimized particles were then functionalized with sialyllactosamine and their binding analyzed against a panel of HAs derived from pathogenic influenza strains including low pathogenic avian strains. This showed significant specificity crossover, which is not observed in monovalent formats, with binding of avian HAs to human sialic acids and vice versa in agreement with alternate assay formats. These results demonstrate that precise multivalent presentation is essential to dissect the interactions of HAs and may aid the discovery of tools for disease and zoonosis transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Walker
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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24
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Guan M, Hall JS, Zhang X, Dusek RJ, Olivier AK, Liu L, Li L, Krauss S, Danner A, Li T, Rutvisuttinunt W, Lin X, Hallgrimsson GT, Ragnarsdottir SB, Vignisson SR, TeSlaa J, Nashold SW, Jarman R, Wan XF. Aerosol Transmission of Gull-Origin Iceland Subtype H10N7 Influenza A Virus in Ferrets. J Virol 2019; 93:e00282-19. [PMID: 30996092 PMCID: PMC6580963 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00282-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtype H10 influenza A viruses (IAVs) have been recovered from domestic poultry and various aquatic bird species, and sporadic transmission of these IAVs from avian species to mammals (i.e., human, seal, and mink) are well documented. In 2015, we isolated four H10N7 viruses from gulls in Iceland. Genomic analyses showed four gene segments in the viruses were genetically associated with H10 IAVs that caused influenza outbreaks and deaths among European seals in 2014. Antigenic characterization suggested minimal antigenic variation among these H10N7 isolates and other archived H10 viruses recovered from human, seal, mink, and various avian species in Asia, Europe, and North America. Glycan binding preference analyses suggested that, similar to other avian-origin H10 IAVs, these gull-origin H10N7 IAVs bound to both avian-like alpha 2,3-linked sialic acids and human-like alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids. However, when the gull-origin viruses were compared with another Eurasian avian-origin H10N8 IAV, which caused human infections, the gull-origin virus showed significantly higher binding affinity to human-like glycan receptors. Results from a ferret experiment demonstrated that a gull-origin H10N7 IAV replicated well in turbinate, trachea, and lung, but replication was most efficient in turbinate and trachea. This gull-origin H10N7 virus can be transmitted between ferrets through the direct contact and aerosol routes, without prior adaptation. Gulls share their habitat with other birds and mammals and have frequent contact with humans; therefore, gull-origin H10N7 IAVs could pose a risk to public health. Surveillance and monitoring of these IAVs at the wild bird-human interface should be continued.IMPORTANCE Subtype H10 avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) have caused sporadic human infections and enzootic outbreaks among seals. In the fall of 2015, H10N7 viruses were recovered from gulls in Iceland, and genomic analyses showed that the viruses were genetically related with IAVs that caused outbreaks among seals in Europe a year earlier. These gull-origin viruses showed high binding affinity to human-like glycan receptors. Transmission studies in ferrets demonstrated that the gull-origin IAV could infect ferrets, and that the virus could be transmitted between ferrets through direct contact and aerosol droplets. This study demonstrated that avian H10 IAV can infect mammals and be transmitted among them without adaptation. Thus, avian H10 IAV is a candidate for influenza pandemic preparedness and should be monitored in wildlife and at the animal-human interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Guan
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Hall
- United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Robert J Dusek
- United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alicia K Olivier
- Department of Population and Pathobiology Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Scott Krauss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Angela Danner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Wiriya Rutvisuttinunt
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Lin
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Josh TeSlaa
- United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sean W Nashold
- United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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25
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mRNA vaccines against H10N8 and H7N9 influenza viruses of pandemic potential are immunogenic and well tolerated in healthy adults in phase 1 randomized clinical trials. Vaccine 2019; 37:3326-3334. [PMID: 31079849 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated safety and immunogenicity of the first mRNA vaccines against potentially pandemic avian H10N8 and H7N9 influenza viruses. METHODS Two randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 1 clinical trials enrolled participants between December 2015 and August 2017 at single centers in Germany (H10N8) and USA (H7N9). Healthy adults (ages 18-64 years for H10N8 study; 18-49 years for H7N9 study) participated. Participants received vaccine or placebo in a 2-dose vaccination series 3 weeks apart. H10N8 intramuscular (IM) dose levels of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 400 µg and intradermal dose levels of 25 and 50 µg were evaluated. H7N9 IM 10-, 25-, and 50-µg dose levels were evaluated; 2-dose series 6 months apart was also evaluated. Primary endpoints were safety (adverse events) and tolerability. Secondary immunogenicity outcomes included humoral (hemagglutination inhibition [HAI], microneutralization [MN] assays) and cell-mediated responses (ELISPOT assay). RESULTS H10N8 and H7N9 mRNA IM vaccines demonstrated favorable safety and reactogenicity profiles. No vaccine-related serious adverse event was reported. For H10N8 (N = 201), 100-µg IM dose induced HAI titers ≥ 1:40 in 100% and MN titers ≥ 1:20 in 87.0% of participants. The 25-µg intradermal dose induced HAI titers > 1:40 in 64.7% of participants compared to 34.5% of participants receiving the IM dose. For H7N9 (N = 156), IM doses of 10, 25, and 50 µg achieved HAI titers ≥ 1:40 in 36.0%, 96.3%, and 89.7% of participants, respectively. MN titers ≥ 1:20 were achieved by 100% in the 10- and 25-µg groups and 96.6% in the 50-µg group. Seroconversion rates were 78.3% (HAI) and 87.0% (MN) for H10N8 (100 µg IM) and 96.3% (HAI) and 100% (MN) in H7N9 (50 µg). Significant cell-mediated responses were not detected in either study. CONCLUSIONS The first mRNA vaccines against H10N8 and H7N9 influenza viruses were well tolerated and elicited robust humoral immune responses. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03076385 and NCT03345043.
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26
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Zhang Y, Xu C, Zhang H, Liu GD, Xue C, Cao Y. Targeting Hemagglutinin: Approaches for Broad Protection against the Influenza A Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050405. [PMID: 31052339 PMCID: PMC6563292 DOI: 10.3390/v11050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are dynamically epidemic and genetically diverse. Due to the antigenic drift and shift of the virus, seasonal vaccines are required to be reformulated annually to match with current circulating strains. However, the mismatch between vaccinal strains and circulating strains occurs frequently, resulting in the low efficacy of seasonal vaccines. Therefore, several “universal” vaccine candidates based on the structure and function of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein have been developed to meet the requirement of a broad protection against homo-/heterosubtypic challenges. Here, we review recent novel constructs and discuss several important findings regarding the broad protective efficacy of HA-based universal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Cong Xu
- Research Center of Agricultural of Dongguan City, Dongguan 523086, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - George Dacai Liu
- Firstline Biopharmaceuticals Corporation, 12,050 167th PL NE, Redmond, WA 98052, USA.
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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27
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Di Iorio D, Verheijden ML, van der Vries E, Jonkheijm P, Huskens J. Weak Multivalent Binding of Influenza Hemagglutinin Nanoparticles at a Sialoglycan-Functionalized Supported Lipid Bilayer. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3413-3423. [PMID: 30844236 PMCID: PMC6439437 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of the multivalent interactions of influenza viruses binding at interfaces may provide ways to tackle key biological questions regarding influenza virulence and zoonoses. Yet, the deconvolution of the contributions of molecular and interfacial parameters, such as valency, interaction area, and receptor density, to the binding of whole viruses is hindered by difficulties in the direct determination of these parameters. We report here a chemical platform technology to study the binding of multivalent recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) nanoparticles at artificial sialoglycan cell receptor-presenting interfaces in which all these parameters can be derived, thus allowing the desired full and quantitative binding analysis. SiO2 substrates were functionalized with supported lipid bilayers containing a targeted and tunable fraction of a biotinylated lipid, followed by the adsorption of streptavidin and biotinylated polyvalent 2,3- or 2,6-sialyl lactosamine (SLN). rHA nanoparticles were used as a virus mimic to provide a good prediction of the number of interactions involved in binding. Low nanomolar affinities and selectivities for binding at the 2,6-SLN platforms were observed for rHA particles from three different virus variants. When fitting the data to a multivalency model, the nanomolar overall affinity appears to be achieved by 6-9 HA-sugar molecular interaction pairs, which individually present a rapid association/dissociation behavior. This dynamic behavior may be an essential biological attribute in the functioning of the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Di Iorio
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mark L. Verheijden
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Erhard van der Vries
- Virology
Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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28
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Wille M, Latorre-Margalef N, Tolf C, Halpin R, Wentworth D, Fouchier RAM, Raghwani J, Pybus OG, Olsen B, Waldenström J. Where do all the subtypes go? Temporal dynamics of H8-H12 influenza A viruses in waterfowl. Virus Evol 2018; 4:vey025. [PMID: 30151242 PMCID: PMC6101617 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is ubiquitous in waterfowl. In the northern hemisphere IAV prevalence is highest during the autumn and coincides with a peak in viral subtype diversity. Although haemagglutinin subtypes H1-H12 are associated with waterfowl hosts, subtypes H8-H12 are detected very infrequently. To better understand the role of waterfowl in the maintenance of these rare subtypes, we sequenced H8-H12 viruses isolated from Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) from 2002 to 2009. These rare viruses exhibited varying ecological and phylodynamic features. The Eurasian clades of H8 and H12 phylogenies were dominated by waterfowl sequences; mostly viruses sequenced in this study. H11, once believed to be a subtype that infected charadriiformes (shorebirds), exhibited patterns more typical of common virus subtypes. Finally, subtypes H9 and H10, which have maintained lineages in poultry, showed markedly different patterns: H10 was associated with all possible NA subtypes and this drove HA lineage diversity within years. Rare viruses belonging to subtypes H8-H12 were highly reassorted, indicating that these rare subtypes are part of the broader IAV pool. Our results suggest that waterfowl play a role in the maintenance of these rare subtypes, but we recommend additional sampling of non-traditional hosts to better understand the reservoirs of these rare viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wille
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Neus Latorre-Margalef
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Conny Tolf
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Halpin
- Department of Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David Wentworth
- Department of Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jayna Raghwani
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Oliver G Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Björn Olsen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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29
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Fushinobu S. Conformations of the type-1 lacto-N-biose I unit in protein complex structures. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:473-479. [PMID: 30084396 PMCID: PMC6096478 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18006568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The lacto-N-biose I (Galβ1-3GlcNAc; LNB) disaccharide is present as a core unit of type-1 blood group antigens of animal glycoconjugates and milk oligosaccharides. Type-1 antigens often serve as cell-surface receptors for infection by pathogens. LNB in human milk oligosaccharides functions as a prebiotic for bifidobacteria and plays a key role in the symbiotic relationship of commensal gut microbes in infants. Protein Data Bank (PDB) entries exhibiting the LNB unit were investigated using the GlycoMapsDB web tool. There are currently 159 β-LNB and nine α-LNB moieties represented in ligands in the database. β-LNB and α-LNB moieties occur in 74 and six PDB entries, respectively, as NCS copies. The protein and enzyme structures are from various organisms including humans (galectins), viruses (haemagglutinin and capsid proteins), a pathogenic fungus, a parasitic nematode and protist, pathogenic bacteria (adhesins) and a symbiotic bacterium (a solute-binding protein of an ABC transporter). The conformations of LNB-containing glycans in enzymes vary significantly according to their mechanism of substrate recognition and catalysis. Analysis of glycosidic bond conformations indicated that the binding modes are significantly different in proteins adapted for modified or unmodified glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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30
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A detection and quantification label-free tool to speed up downstream processing of model mucins. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190974. [PMID: 29315346 PMCID: PMC5760085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucins are high-molecular weight glycoproteins (0.25-20 MDa) containing one or more domains that are heavily O-glycosylated. Their implications as targets for cancer treatment have increased the interest in these glycoproteins, mainly in the fields of vaccines and antibodies. However, mucins present high heterogeneity, posing challenges that affect purification processes and quality control analysis. In that sense, it is necessary to develop and improve downstream processes and analytical methods to characterize these products. Here a tool based on biolayer interferometry analysis to improve mucin's detection and quantification in a fast, simple and label free-way is presented. Taking advantage of lectin recognition of mucins' carbohydrate structures, several lectins were evaluated and immobilized on streptavidin biosensors. Different assay conditions were optimized and the most suitable lectin, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), was selected. Bovine Submaxillary Gland and human MUC5B mucins were used as proof of concept and were successfully detected and quantified at different stages of purification. High sensitivity levels were achieved with LOD and LOQ of 3.8 μg mL-1 and 11.7 μg mL-1 for BSM, and 0.2 μg mL-1 and 0.6 μg mL-1 for MUC5B. AAL binding specificity was also confirmed with fucose competition assays. Our method represents an advance on mucins detection and quantification since the existing methods present several disadvantages for process development. Hereafter, it can be applied to the optimization of new or already established downstream processes for mucins' purification.
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31
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Schneider EK, Li J, Velkov T. A Portrait of the Sialyl Glycan Receptor Specificity of the H10 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin-A Picture of an Avian Virus on the Verge of Becoming a Pandemic? Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5040051. [PMID: 29236069 PMCID: PMC5748617 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pandemic influenza is a constant global threat to human health. In particular, the pandemic potential of novel avian influenza viruses such as the H10N7 and H10N8 avian strains, which recently managed to cross the species barrier from birds to humans, are always of great concern as we are unlikely to have any prior immunity. Human and avian isolates of H10 influenza display the ability to rapidly adapt to replication in mammalian hosts. Fortunately, so far there is no evidence of efficient human-to-human transmission of any avian influenza virus. This review examines all of the available clinical and biological data for H10 influenza viruses with an emphasis on hemagglutinin as it is a major viral antigen that determines host range and immunity. The available glycan binding data on the influenza H10 hemagglutinin are discussed in a structure-recognition perspective. Importantly, this review raises the question of whether the emerging novel avian H10 influenza viruses truly represents a threat to global health that warrants close monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Schneider
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Tony Velkov
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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32
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Wang J, Yang HS, Deng B, Shi MJ, Li XD, Nian QG, Song WJ, Bing F, Li QF. Establishment and evaluation of a theater influenza monitoring platform. Mil Med Res 2017; 4:35. [PMID: 29502518 PMCID: PMC5694910 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-017-0144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease with a high incidence rate in the Chinese army, which directly disturbs military training and affects soldiers' health. Influenza surveillance systems are widely used around the world and play an important role in influenza epidemic prevention and control. METHODS As a theater centers for disease prevention and control, we established an influenza monitoring platform (IMP) in 2014 to strengthen the monitoring of influenza-like illness and influenza virus infection. In this study, we introduced the constitution, influenza virus detection, and quality control for an IMP. The monitoring effect was also evaluated by comparing the monitoring data with data from national influenza surveillance systems. The experiences and problems associated with the platform also were summarized. RESULTS A theater IMP was established based on 3 levels of medical units, including monitoring sites, testing laboratories and a checking laboratory. A series of measures were taken to guarantee the quality of monitoring, such as technical training, a unified process, sufficient supervision and timely communication. The platform has run smoothly for 3 monitoring years to date. In the 2014-2015 and 2016-2017 monitoring years, sample amount coincided with that obtained from the National Influenza Surveillance program. In the 2015-2016 monitoring year, due to the strict prevention and control measures, an influenza epidemic peak was avoided in monitoring units, and the monitoring data did not coincide with that of the National Influenza Surveillance program. Several problems, including insufficient attention, unreasonable administrative intervention or subordination relationships, and the necessity of detection in monitoring sites were still observed. CONCLUSIONS A theater IMP was established rationally and played a deserved role in the prevention and control of influenza. However, several problems remain to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing Military Region, 66th Heishitou Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100042, China
| | - Hui-Suo Yang
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing Military Region, 66th Heishitou Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100042, China
| | - Bing Deng
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing Military Region, 66th Heishitou Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100042, China
| | - Meng-Jing Shi
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing Military Region, 66th Heishitou Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100042, China
| | - Xiang-Da Li
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing Military Region, 66th Heishitou Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100042, China
| | - Qing-Gong Nian
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing Military Region, 66th Heishitou Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100042, China
| | - Wen-Jing Song
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing Military Region, 66th Heishitou Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100042, China
| | - Feng Bing
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing Military Region, 66th Heishitou Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100042, China
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing Military Region, 66th Heishitou Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100042, China.
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33
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Evaluation of the Biological Properties and Cross-Reactive Antibody Response to H10 Influenza Viruses in Ferrets. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00895-17. [PMID: 28701401 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00895-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of avian origin H10N7 influenza among seals in northern Europe and two fatal human infections with an avian H10N8 virus in China have demonstrated that H10 viruses can spread between mammals and cause severe disease in humans. To gain insight into the potential for H10 viruses to cross the species barrier and to identify a candidate vaccine strain, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo properties and antibody response in ferrets to 20 diverse H10 viruses. H10 virus infection of ferrets caused variable weight loss, and all 20 viruses replicated throughout the respiratory tract; however, replication in the lungs was highly variable. In glycan-binding assays, the H10 viruses preferentially bound "avian-like" α2,3-linked sialic acids. Importantly, several isolates also displayed strong binding to long-chain "human-like" α2,6-linked sialic acids and exhibited comparable or elevated neuraminidase activity relative to human H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 viruses. In hemagglutination inhibition assays, 12 antisera cross-reacted with ≥14 of 20 H10 viruses, and 7 viruses induced neutralizing activity against ≥15 of the 20 viruses. By combining data on weight loss, viral replication, and the cross-reactive antibody response, we identified A/mallard/Portugal/79906/2009 (H10N7) as a suitable virus for vaccine development. Collectively, our findings suggest that H10 viruses may continue to sporadically infect humans and other mammals, underscoring the importance of developing an H10 vaccine for pandemic preparedness.IMPORTANCE Avian origin H10 influenza viruses sporadically infect humans and other mammals; however, little is known about viruses of this subtype. Thus, we characterized the biological properties of 20 H10 viruses in vitro and in ferrets. Infection caused mild to moderate weight loss (5 to 15%), with robust viral replication in the nasal tissues and variable replication in the lung. H10 viruses preferentially bind "avian-like" sialic acids, although several isolates also displayed binding to "human-like" sialic acid receptors. This is consistent with the ability of H10 viruses to cross the species barrier and warrants selection of an H10 vaccine strain. By evaluating the cross-reactive antibody response to the H10 viruses and combining this analysis with viral replication and weight loss findings, we identified A/mallard/Portugal/79906/2009 (H10N7) as a suitable H10 vaccine strain.
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Carvalho SB, Moleirinho MG, Wheatley D, Welsh J, Gantier R, Alves PM, Peixoto C, Carrondo MJT. Universal label-free in-process quantification of influenza virus-like particles. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28514082 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are becoming established as vaccines, in particular for influenza pandemics, increasing the interest in the development of VLPs manufacturing bioprocess. However, for complex VLPs, the analytical tools used for quantification are not yet able to keep up with the bioprocess progress. Currently, quantification for Influenza relies on traditional methods: hemagglutination assay or Single Radial Immunodiffusion. These analytical technologies are time-consuming, cumbersome, and not supportive of efficient downstream process development and monitoring. Hereby we report a label-free tool that uses Biolayer interferometry (BLI) technology applied on an Octet platform to quantify Influenza VLPs at all stages of bioprocess. Human (α2,6-linked sialic acid) and avian (α2,3-linked sialic acid) biotinylated receptors associated with streptavidin biosensors were used, to quantify hemagglutinin content in several mono- and multivalent Influenza VLPs. The applied method was able to quantify hemagglutinin from crude samples up to final bioprocessing VLP product. BLI technology confirmed its value as a high throughput analytical tool with high sensitivity and improved detection limits compared to traditional methods. This simple and fast method allowed for real-time results, which are crucial for in-line monitoring of downstream processing, improving process development, control and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B Carvalho
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mafalda G Moleirinho
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
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35
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Ji Y, White YJ, Hadden JA, Grant OC, Woods RJ. New insights into influenza A specificity: an evolution of paradigms. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2017; 44:219-231. [PMID: 28675835 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular origin of influenza receptor specificity is complicated by the paucity of quantitative affinity measurements, and the qualitative and variable nature of glycan array data. Further obstacles arise from the varied impact of viral glycosylation and the relatively narrow spectrum of biologically relevant receptors present on glycan arrays. A survey of receptor conformational properties is presented, leading to the conclusion that conformational entropy plays a key role in defining specificity, as does the newly reported ability of biantennary receptors that terminate in Siaα2-6Gal sequences to form bidentate interactions to two binding sites in a hemagglutinin trimer. Bidentate binding provides a functional explanation for the observation that Siaα2-6 receptors adopt an open-umbrella topology when bound to hemagglutinins from human-infective viruses, and calls for a reassessment of virus avidity and tissue tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Yohanna Jb White
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Jodi A Hadden
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Oliver C Grant
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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36
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Zhang X, Xu G, Wang C, Jiang M, Gao W, Wang M, Sun H, Sun Y, Chang KC, Liu J, Pu J. Enhanced pathogenicity and neurotropism of mouse-adapted H10N7 influenza virus are mediated by novel PB2 and NA mutations. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1185-1195. [PMID: 28597818 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The H10 subtype of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulates globally in wild birds and poultry, and this subtype has been shown to be increasingly prevalent in China. Among the various H10 viruses, H10N7 AIVs have caused repeated mammal and human infections. To investigate their genetic adaptation in mammals, we generated a mouse-adapted avian H10N7 variant (A/mallard/Beijing/27/2011-MA; BJ27-MA) which exhibited increased virulence in mice compared to wild-type virus and acquired neurotropism. Sequencing showed the absence of the widely recognized mammalian adaptation markers of E627K and D701N in PB2 in the mouse-adapted strain; instead, five amino acid mutations were identified: E158G and M631L in PB2; G218E in haemagglutinin (H3 numbering); and K110E and S453I in neuraminidase (NA). The neurovirulence of the BJ27-MA virus necessitated the combined presence of the PB2 and NA mutations. Mutations M631L and E158G of PB2 and K110E of NA were required to mediate increased virus replication and severity of infection in mice and mammalian cells. PB2-M631L was functionally the most dominant mutation in that it strongly upregulated viral polymerase activity and played a critical role in the enhancement of virus replication and disease severity in mice. K110E mutation in NA, on the other hand, significantly promoted NA enzymatic activity. These results indicate that the novel mutations in PB2 and NA genes are critical for the adaptation of H10N7 AIV in mice, and they could serve as molecular signatures of virus transmission to mammalian hosts, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guanlong Xu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Weihua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Honglei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kin-Chow Chang
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Juan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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37
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Li MH, Zong H, Leroueil PR, Choi SK, Baker JR. Ligand Characteristics Important to Avidity Interactions of Multivalent Nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1649-1657. [PMID: 28398751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent interactions involve the engagement of multiple ligand-receptor pairs and are important in synthetic biology as design paradigms for targeted nanoparticles (NPs). However, little is known about the specific ligand parameters important to multivalent interactions. We employed a series of oligonucleotides as ligands conjugated to dendrimers as nanoparticles, and used complementary oligonucleotides on a functionalized SPR surface to measure binding. We compared the effect of ligand affinity to ligand number on the avidity characteristics of functionalized NPs. Changing the ligand affinity, either by changing the temperature of the system or by substitution noncomplementary base pairs into the oligonucleotides, had little effect on multivalent interaction; the overall avidity, number of ligands required for avidity per particle, and the number of particles showing avidity did not significantly change. We then made NP conjugates with the same oligonucleotide using an efficient copper-free click chemistry that resulted in essentially all of the NPs in the population exceeding the threshold ligand value. The particles exceeding the threshold ligand number again demonstrated high avidity interactions. This work validates the concept of a threshold ligand valence and suggests that the number of ligands per nanoparticle is the defining factor in achieving high avidity interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, and §Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hong Zong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, and §Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Pascale R Leroueil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, and §Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Seok Ki Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, and §Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, and §Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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38
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Variability in H9N2 haemagglutinin receptor-binding preference and the pH of fusion. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e11. [PMID: 28325922 PMCID: PMC5378918 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza viruses are primarily a disease of poultry; however, they occasionally infect humans and are considered a potential pandemic threat. Little work has been performed to assess the intrinsic biochemical properties related to zoonotic potential of H9N2 viruses. The objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate H9N2 haemagglutinins (HAs) using two well-known correlates for human adaption: receptor-binding avidity and pH of fusion. Receptor binding was characterized using bio-layer interferometry to measure virus binding to human and avian-like receptor analogues and the pH of fusion was assayed by syncytium formation in virus-infected cells at different pHs. We characterized contemporary H9N2 viruses of the zoonotic G1 lineage, as well as representative viruses of the zoonotic BJ94 lineage. We found that most contemporary H9N2 viruses show a preference for sulphated avian-like receptor analogues. However, the 'Eastern' G1 H9N2 viruses displayed a consistent preference in binding to a human-like receptor analogue. We demonstrate that the presence of leucine at position 226 of the HA receptor-binding site correlated poorly with the ability to bind a human-like sialic acid receptor. H9N2 HAs also display variability in their pH of fusion, ranging between pH 5.4 and 5.85 which is similar to that of the first wave of human H1N1pdm09 viruses but lower than the pH of fusion seen in zoonotic H5N1 and H7N9 viruses. Our results suggest possible molecular mechanisms that may underlie the relatively high prevalence of human zoonotic infection by particular H9N2 virus lineages.
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39
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Kuah LF, Tang LH, Sutton T, Lim JH, Sin WL, Lamirande E, Subbarao K, Lau YF. Induction of protective immunity against influenza A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346/2013 (H10N8) in mice. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:155-165. [PMID: 27983474 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections with A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346/2013 (H10N8) virus have raised concerns about its pandemic potential. In order to develop a vaccine against this virus, the immunogenicity of its haemagglutinin protein was evaluated in mice. Using both whole-virion and recombinant subunit protein vaccines, we showed that two doses of either vaccine elicited neutralizing antibody responses. The protective efficacy of the vaccine-induced responses was assessed using a reverse-genetics-derived H10 reassortant virus on the A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) backbone. The reassortant virus replicated efficiently in the respiratory tract of unvaccinated mice whereas vaccinated mice were completely protected from challenge, with no detectable viral load in the lower respiratory tract. Finally, the serum neutralizing antibody responses elicited by the H10 vaccines also exhibited cross-neutralizing activity against three heterologous wild-type H10 viruses. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that different vaccine platforms presenting the H10 haemagglutinin protein induce protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Kuah
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Laboratory, DMERI, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Lay-Hoon Tang
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Laboratory, DMERI, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Troy Sutton
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jie-Hui Lim
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Laboratory, DMERI, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Wan-Ling Sin
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Elaine Lamirande
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuk-Fai Lau
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Laboratory, DMERI, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore.,Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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40
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Jia Y, Yang J, Wang Z, Du Y, Cui J, Wang L, Guo F, Yang M, Han S, Zhu Q. Genetic properties and pathogenicity of a novel reassortant H10N5 influenza virus from wild birds. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1349-1353. [PMID: 28116526 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the genome of a H10N5 influenza virus from wild birds. This virus was identified as a novel reassortant virus with internal genes from multiple subtypes and of distinct origins. After sequential passage in mice, mouse-adapted viruses bearing mutations PB2-E627K and HA-G218E were generated. These viruses caused dramatic body weight loss and death, and also replicated in mouse brain, suggesting that the pathogenicity of low pathogenic H10N5 in chickens can be enhanced after passage in mammals. Our data imply that H10N5 viruses might be a potential risk to human health therefore it is important to undertake continued surveillance and biosecurity evaluation of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yane Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jiayun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhengxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yingying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Fengfeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Maijuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Shufang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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41
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Mazzocco G, Lazniewski M, Migdał P, Szczepińska T, Radomski JP, Plewczynski D. 3DFlu: database of sequence and structural variability of the influenza hemagglutinin at population scale. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2016; 2016:baw130. [PMID: 27694207 PMCID: PMC5045858 DOI: 10.1093/database/baw130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The influenza virus type A (IVA) is an important pathogen which is able to cause annual epidemics and even pandemics. This fact is the consequence of the antigenic shifts and drifts capabilities of IVA, caused by the high mutation rate and the reassortment capabilities of the virus. The hemagglutinin (HA) protein constitutes the main IVA antigen and has a crucial role in the infection mechanism, being responsible for the recognition of host-specific sialic acid derivatives. Despite the relative abundance of HA sequence and serological studies, comparative structure-based analysis of HA are less investigated. The 3DFlu database contains well annotated HA representatives: 1192 models and 263 crystallographic structures. The relations between these proteins are defined using different metrics and are visualized as a network in the provided web interface. Moreover structural and sequence comparison of the proteins can be explored. Metadata information (e.g. protein identifier, IVA strain, year and location of infection) can enhance the exploration of the presented data. With our database researchers gain a useful tool for the exploration of high quality HA models, viewing and comparing changes in the HA viral subtypes at several information levels (sequence, structure, ESP). The complete and integrated view of those relations might be useful to determine the efficiency of transmission, pathogenicity and for the investigation of evolutionary tendencies of the influenza virus. Database URL: http://nucleus3d.cent.uw.edu.pl/influenza
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mazzocco
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Lazniewski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Migdał
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jan P Radomski
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modeling, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Plewczynski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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42
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Novel avian influenza A (H5N6) viruses isolated in migratory waterfowl before the first human case reported in China, 2014. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29888. [PMID: 27431568 PMCID: PMC4949417 DOI: 10.1038/srep29888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In May 2014, China formally confirmed the first human infection with the novel H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) in Sichuan Province. Before the first human case was reported, surveillance of AIVs in wild birds resulted in the detection of three H5N6 viruses in faecal samples from migratory waterfowl in Chenhu wetlands, Hubei Province, China. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that these three novel viruses were closely related to the H5N6 virus that has caused human infections in China since 2014. A Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of all eight segments suggests multiple reassortment events in the evolution of these viruses. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) originated from the H5N2 and H6N6 AIVs, respectively, whereas all six internal genes were derived from avian H5N1 viruses. The reassortant may have occurred in eastern China during 2012–2013. A phylogeographic analysis of the HA and NA genes traced the viruses to southern China, from where they spread to other areas via eastern China. A receptor-binding test showed that H5N6 viruses from migratory waterfowl had human-type receptor-binding activity, suggesting a potential for transmission to humans. These data suggest that migratory waterfowl may play a role in the dissemination of novel H5N6 viruses.
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43
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Nagy A, Lee J, Mena I, Henningson J, Li Y, Ma J, Duff M, Li Y, Lang Y, Yang J, Abdallah F, Richt J, Ali A, García-Sastre A, Ma W. Recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing H9 HA protects chickens against heterologous avian influenza H9N2 virus challenge. Vaccine 2016; 34:2537-45. [PMID: 27102817 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In order to produce an efficient poultry H9 avian influenza vaccine that provides cross-protection against multiple H9 lineages, two Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota vaccine strain recombinant viruses were generated using reverse genetics. The recombinant NDV-H9Con virus expresses a consensus-H9 hemagglutinin (HA) that is designed based on available H9N2 sequences from Chinese and Middle Eastern isolates. The recombinant NDV-H9Chi virus expresses a chimeric-H9 HA in which the H9 ectodomain of A/Guinea Fowl/Hong Kong/WF10/99 was fused with the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domain of the fusion protein (F) of NDV. Both recombinant viruses expressed the inserted HA stably and grew to high titers. An efficacy study in chickens showed that both recombinant viruses were able to provide protection against challenge with a heterologous H9N2 virus. In contrast to the NDV-H9Chi virus, the NDV-H9Con virus induced a higher hemagglutination inhibition titer against both NDV and H9 viruses in immunized birds, and efficiently inhibited virus shedding through the respiratory route. Moreover, sera collected from birds immunized with either NDV-H9Con or NDV-H9Chi were able to cross-neutralize two different lineages of H9N2 viruses, indicating that NDV-H9Con and NDV-H9Chi are promising vaccine candidates that could provide cross-protection among different H9N2 lineage viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Nagy
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jinhwa Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ignacio Mena
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Henningson
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Michael Duff
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yonghai Li
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yuekun Lang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jianmei Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Department of Avian Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fatma Abdallah
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Juergen Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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Ramos I, Mansour M, Wohlbold TJ, Ermler ME, Hirsh A, Runstadler JA, Fernandez-Sesma A, Krammer F. Hemagglutinin Receptor Binding of a Human Isolate of Influenza A(H10N8) Virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:1197-201. [PMID: 26079843 PMCID: PMC4480385 DOI: 10.3201/eid2107.141755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Three cases of influenza A(H10N8) virus infection in humans have been reported; 2 of these infected persons died. Characterization of the receptor binding pattern of H10 hemagglutinin from avian and human isolates showed that both interact weakly with human-like receptors and maintain strong affinity for avian-like receptors.
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45
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Xiao C, Ma W, Sun N, Huang L, Li Y, Zeng Z, Wen Y, Zhang Z, Li H, Li Q, Yu Y, Zheng Y, Liu S, Hu P, Zhang X, Ning Z, Qi W, Liao M. PB2-588 V promotes the mammalian adaptation of H10N8, H7N9 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19474. [PMID: 26782141 PMCID: PMC4726052 DOI: 10.1038/srep19474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections with avian influenza H7N9 or H10N8 viruses have been reported in China, raising concerns that they might cause human epidemics and pandemics. However, how these viruses adapt to mammalian hosts is unclear. Here we show that besides the commonly recognized viral polymerase subunit PB2 residue 627 K, other residues including 87E, 292 V, 340 K, 588 V, 648 V, and 676 M in PB2 also play critical roles in mammalian adaptation of the H10N8 virus. The avian-origin H10N8, H7N9, and H9N2 viruses harboring PB2-588 V exhibited higher polymerase activity, more efficient replication in mammalian and avian cells, and higher virulence in mice when compared to viruses with PB2-588 A. Analyses of available PB2 sequences showed that the proportion of avian H9N2 or human H7N9 influenza isolates bearing PB2-588 V has increased significantly since 2013. Taken together, our results suggest that the substitution PB2-A588V may be a new strategy for an avian influenza virus to adapt mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Xiao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Na Sun
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyong Zeng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Wen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaoyue Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanan Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuandi Yu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Shukai Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingsheng Hu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyong Ning
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
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46
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Abstract
Influenza viruses of animals can cross species and infect humans. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhang et al. (2015) and Tzarum et al. (2015) describe crystal structures and receptor-binding properties of hemagglutinins of avian-origin H10N8 and H6N1 influenza viruses. Human infections with these viruses are not associated with a switch favoring human receptor binding.
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47
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Zhang H, de Vries RP, Tzarum N, Zhu X, Yu W, McBride R, Paulson JC, Wilson IA. A human-infecting H10N8 influenza virus retains a strong preference for avian-type receptors. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 17:377-384. [PMID: 25766296 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent avian-origin H10N8 influenza A viruses that have infected humans pose a potential pandemic threat. Alterations in the viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), typically are required for influenza A viruses to cross the species barrier for adaptation to a new host, but whether H10N8 contains adaptations supporting human infection remains incompletely understood. We investigated whether H10N8 HA can bind human receptors. Sialoside glycan microarray analysis showed that the H10 HA retains a strong preference for avian receptor analogs and negligible binding to human receptor analogs. Crystal structures of H10 HA with avian and human receptor analogs revealed the basis for preferential recognition of avian-like receptors. Furthermore, introduction of mutations into the H10 receptor-binding site (RBS) known to convert other HA subtypes from avian to human receptor specificity failed to switch preference to human receptors. Collectively, these findings suggest that the current H10N8 human isolates are poorly adapted for efficient human-to-human transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chemical Physiology, and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Netanel Tzarum
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wenli Yu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan McBride
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chemical Physiology, and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chemical Physiology, and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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48
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Structure and receptor binding of the hemagglutinin from a human H6N1 influenza virus. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 17:369-376. [PMID: 25766295 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses that cause infection and are transmissible in humans involve changes in the receptor binding site (RBS) of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) that alter receptor preference from α2-3-linked (avian-like) to α2-6-linked (human-like) sialosides. A human case of avian-origin H6N1 influenza virus was recently reported, but the molecular mechanisms contributing to it crossing the species barrier are unknown. We find that, although the H6 HA RBS contains D190V and G228S substitutions that potentially promote human receptor binding, recombinant H6 HA preferentially binds α2-3-linked sialosides, indicating no adaptation to human receptors. Crystal structures of H6 HA with avian and human receptor analogs reveal that H6 HA preferentially interacts with avian receptor analogs. This binding mechanism differs from other HA subtypes due to a unique combination of RBS residues, highlighting additional variation in HA-receptor interactions and the challenges in predicting which influenza strains and subtypes can infect humans and cause pandemics.
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49
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Genetics, Receptor Binding, Replication, and Mammalian Transmission of H4 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Live Poultry Markets in China. J Virol 2015; 90:1455-69. [PMID: 26581996 PMCID: PMC4719592 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02692-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
H4 avian influenza virus (AIV) is one of the most prevalent influenza virus subtypes in the world. However, whether H4 AIVs pose a threat to public health remains largely unclear. Here, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships, receptor binding properties, replication, and transmissibility in mammals of H4 AIVs isolated from live poultry markets in China between 2009 and 2012. Genomic sequence analysis of 36 representative H4 viruses revealed 32 different genotypes, indicating that these viruses are undergoing complex and frequent reassortment events. All 32 viruses tested could replicate in the respiratory organs of infected mice without prior adaptation. Receptor binding analysis demonstrated that the H4 AIVs bound to α-2,6-linked glycans, although they retained the binding preference for α-2,3-linked glycans. When we tested the direct-contact transmission of 10 H4 viruses in guinea pigs, we found that three viruses did not transmit to any of the contact animals, one virus transmitted to one of three contact animals, and six viruses transmitted to all three contact animals. When we further tested the respiratory droplet transmissibility of four of the viruses that transmitted efficiently via direct contact, we found that three of them could transmit to one or two of the five exposed animals. Our study demonstrates that the current circulating H4 AIVs can infect, replicate in, and transmit to mammalian hosts, thereby posing a potential threat to human health. These findings emphasize the continual need for enhanced surveillance of H4 AIVs. IMPORTANCE Numerous surveillance studies have documented the wide distribution of H4 AIVs throughout the world, yet the biological properties of H4 viruses have not been well studied. In this study, we found that multiple genotypes of H4 viruses are cocirculating in the live poultry markets of China and that H4 viruses can replicate in mice, possess human-type receptor binding specificity, and transmit between guinea pigs via direct contact. Strikingly, some H4 strains also can transmit via respiratory droplet, albeit with limited efficiency. These results clearly show the potential threat posed by H4 viruses to public health.
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50
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Hemagglutinin Stalk- and Neuraminidase-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Protect against Lethal H10N8 Influenza Virus Infection in Mice. J Virol 2015; 90:851-61. [PMID: 26512088 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02275-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Between November 2013 and February 2014, China reported three human cases of H10N8 influenza virus infection in the Jiangxi province, two of which were fatal. Using hybridoma technology, we isolated a panel of H10- and N8-directed monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and further characterized the binding reactivity of these antibodies (via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) to a range of purified virus and recombinant protein substrates. The H10-directed MAbs displayed functional hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralization activity, and the N8-directed antibodies displayed functional neuraminidase inhibition (NI) activity against H10N8. Surprisingly, the HI-reactive H10 antibodies, as well as a previously generated, group 2 hemagglutinin (HA) stalk-reactive antibody, demonstrated NI activity against H10N8 and an H10N7 strain; this phenomenon was absent when virus was treated with detergent, suggesting the anti-HA antibodies inhibited neuraminidase enzymatic activity through steric hindrance. We tested the prophylactic efficacy of one representative H10-reactive, N8-reactive, and group 2 HA stalk-reactive antibody in vivo using a BALB/c challenge model. All three antibodies were protective at a high dose (5 mg/kg). At a low dose (0.5 mg/kg), only the anti-N8 antibody prevented weight loss. Together, these data suggest that antibody targets other than the globular head domain of the HA may be efficacious in preventing influenza virus-induced morbidity and mortality. IMPORTANCE Avian H10N8 and H10N7 viruses have recently crossed the species barrier, causing morbidity and mortality in humans and other mammals. Although these reports are likely isolated incidents, it is possible that more cases may emerge in future winter seasons, similar to H7N9. Furthermore, regular transmission of avian influenza viruses to humans increases the risk of adaptive mutations and reassortment events, which may result in a novel virus with pandemic potential. Currently, no specific therapeutics or vaccines are available against the H10N8 influenza virus subtype. We generated a panel of H10- and N8-reactive MAbs. Although these antibodies may practically be developed into therapeutic agents, characterizing the protective potential of MAbs that have targets other than the HA globular head domain will provide insight into novel antibody-mediated mechanisms of protection and help to better understand correlates of protection for influenza A virus infection.
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