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Tang C, Wang L, Zang L, Wang Q, Qi D, Dai Z. On-demand biomanufacturing through synthetic biology approach. Mater Today Bio 2022; 18:100518. [PMID: 36636637 PMCID: PMC9830231 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals including protein therapeutics, engineered protein-based vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, are currently the mainstay products of the biotechnology industry. However, the need for specialized equipment and refrigeration during production and distribution poses challenges for the delivery of these technologies to the field and low-resource area. With the development of synthetic biology, multiple studies rewire the cell-free system or living cells to impact the portable, on-site and on-demand manufacturing of biomolecules. Here, we review these efforts and suggest future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwang Tang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Materials Synthetic Biology Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lei Zang
- Materials Synthetic Biology Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Materials Synthetic Biology Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Zhuojun Dai
- Materials Synthetic Biology Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China,Corresponding author.
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2
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Douglas CMW, Aith F, Boon W, de Neiva Borba M, Doganova L, Grunebaum S, Hagendijk R, Lynd L, Mallard A, Mohamed FA, Moors E, Oliveira CC, Paterson F, Scanga V, Soares J, Raberharisoa V, Kleinhout-Vliek T. Social pharmaceutical innovation and alternative forms of research, development and deployment for drugs for rare diseases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:344. [PMID: 36064440 PMCID: PMC9446828 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases are associated with difficulties in addressing unmet medical needs, lack of access to treatment, high prices, evidentiary mismatch, equity, etc. While challenges facing the development of drugs for rare diseases are experienced differently globally (i.e., higher vs. lower and middle income countries), many are also expressed transnationally, which suggests systemic issues. Pharmaceutical innovation is highly regulated and institutionalized, leading to firmly established innovation pathways. While deviating from these innovation pathways is difficult, we take the position that doing so is of critical importance. The reason is that the current model of pharmaceutical innovation alone will not deliver the quantity of products needed to address the unmet needs faced by rare disease patients, nor at a price point that is sustainable for healthcare systems. In light of the problems in rare diseases, we hold that re-thinking innovation is crucial and more room should be provided for alternative innovation pathways. We already observe a significant number and variety of new types of initiatives in the rare diseases field that propose or use alternative pharmaceutical innovation pathways which have in common that they involve a diverse set of societal stakeholders, explicitly address a higher societal goal, or both. Our position is that principles of social innovation can be drawn on in the framing and articulation of such alternative pathways, which we term here social pharmaceutical innovation (SPIN), and that it should be given more room for development. As an interdisciplinary research team in the social sciences, public health and law, the cases of SPIN we investigate are spread transnationally, and include higher income as well as middle income countries. We do this to develop a better understanding of the social pharmaceutical innovation field's breadth and to advance changes ranging from the bedside to system levels. We seek collaborations with those working in such projects (e.g., patients and patient organisations, researchers in rare diseases, industry, and policy makers). We aim to add comparative and evaluative value to social pharmaceutical innovation, and we seek to ignite further interest in these initiatives, thereby actively contributing to them as a part of our work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor M W Douglas
- Department of Science, Technology and Society, 307 Bethune College, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Fernando Aith
- University of São Paulo Public Health School, Health Law Research Center of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wouter Boon
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Universiteit Utrecht, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marina de Neiva Borba
- São Camilo Medical School, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liliana Doganova
- Mines ParisTech, Université PSL in Paris, 60 Boulevard Saint Michel, 75272, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Shir Grunebaum
- Department of Science and Technology Studies, 307 Bethune College, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Rob Hagendijk
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, International School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Amsterdam, Spui 2, 1012 WX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Larry Lynd
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Alexandre Mallard
- Center for Social Innovation, Université PSL in Paris, Mines ParisTech60 Boulevard Saint Michel, 75272, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Faisal Ali Mohamed
- Faculty of Health Policy and Equity, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Ellen Moors
- Innovation and Sustainability, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Universiteit Utrecht, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudio Cordovil Oliveira
- Public Health at the Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP/Fiocruz), Av. Brazil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Florence Paterson
- Mines ParisTech, Université PSL in Paris, 60 Boulevard Saint Michel, 75272, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Vanessa Scanga
- Osgoode Hall Law School of York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Julino Soares
- The Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), School of Public Health at the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vololona Raberharisoa
- Mines ParisTech, Université PSL in Paris, 60 Boulevard Saint Michel, 75272, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Tineke Kleinhout-Vliek
- Geosciences, Innovation Studies, Innovation and Sustainability Institute, Universiteit Utrecht, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Algorri M, Abernathy MJ, Cauchon NS, Christian TR, Lamm CF, Moore CMV. Re-Envisioning Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Increasing Agility for Global Patient Access. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:593-607. [PMID: 34478754 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The traditional paradigm for pharmaceutical manufacturing is focused primarily upon centralized facilities that enable mass production and distribution. While this system reliably maintains high product quality and reproducibility, its rigidity imposes limitations upon new manufacturing innovations that could improve efficiency and support supply chain resiliency. Agile manufacturing methodologies, which leverage flexibility through portability and decentralization, allow manufacturers to respond to patient needs on demand and present a potential solution to enable timely access to critical medicines. Agile approaches are particularly applicable to the production of small-batch, personalized therapies, which must be customized for each individual patient close to the point-of-care. However, despite significant progress in the advancement of agile-enabling technologies across several different industries, there are substantial global regulatory challenges that encumber the adoption of agile manufacturing techniques in the pharmaceutical industry. This review provides an overview of regulatory barriers as well as emerging opportunities to facilitate the use of agile manufacturing for the production of pharmaceutical products. Future-oriented approaches for incorporating agile methodologies within the global regulatory framework are also proposed. Collaboration between regulators and manufacturers to cohesively navigate the regulatory waters is ultimately needed to best serve patients in the rapidly-changing healthcare environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquerita Algorri
- Department of Global Regulatory Affairs and Strategy-CMC, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
| | - Michael J Abernathy
- Department of Global Regulatory Affairs and Strategy-CMC, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
| | - Nina S Cauchon
- Department of Global Regulatory Affairs and Strategy-CMC, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
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4
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Kelley B, Renshaw T, Kamarck M. Process and operations strategies to enable global access to antibody therapies. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3139. [PMID: 33686779 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Few monoclonal antibodies are currently approved for treating infectious diseases, but multiple products are in development against a broad range of infectious diseases, including Ebola, influenza, hepatitis B, HIV, dengue, and COVID-19. The maturity of mAb technologies now allow us to identify and advance neutralizing mAb products to the clinic at "pandemic pace", as the pipeline of mAbs targeting SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated. Ensuring global access to these products for passive immunization, however, will require both low manufacturing cost and multi-ton production capacity-particularly for those infectious diseases where the geographic burden falls mostly in low- and middle-income countries or those with pandemic potential. Analysis of process economics and manufacturing technologies for antibody and other parenteral protein therapeutics demonstrates the importance of economies of scale to reducing the cost of goods for drug substance manufacturing. There are major benefits to convergence on a standardized platform process for antibody production that is portable to most existing very large-scale facilities, carries low risk for complications during process transfer and scale-up, and has a predictable timeline and probability of technical and regulatory success. In the case of an infectious disease with pandemic potential which could be treated with an antibody, such as COVID-19 or influenza, these advantages are paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kelley
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Todd Renshaw
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, USA
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5
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Estimation of manufacturing development costs of cell-based therapies: a feasibility study. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:730-739. [PMID: 33593688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies (CBTs) provide opportunities to treat rare and high-burden diseases. Manufacturing development of these innovative products is said to be complex and costly. However, little research is available providing insight into resource use and cost drivers. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the feasibility of estimating the cost of manufacturing development of two cell-based therapy case studies using a CBT cost framework specifically designed for small-scale cell-based therapies. METHODS A retrospective costing study was conducted in which the cost of developing an adoptive immunotherapy of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and a pluripotent stem cell (PSC) master cell bank was estimated. Manufacturing development was defined as products advancing from technology readiness level 3 to 6. The study was conducted in a Scottish facility. Development steps were recreated via developer focus groups. Data were collected from facility administrative and financial records and developer interviews. RESULTS Application of the manufacturing cost framework to retrospectively estimate the manufacturing design cost of two case studies in one Scottish facility appeared feasible. Manufacturing development cost was estimated at £1,201,016 for CTLs and £494,456 for PSCs. Most costs were accrued in the facility domain (56% and 51%), followed by personnel (20% and 32%), materials (19% and 15%) and equipment (4% and 2%). CONCLUSIONS Based on this study, it seems feasible to retrospectively estimate resources consumed in manufacturing development of cell-based therapies. This fosters inclusion of cost in the formulation and dissemination of best practices to facilitate early and sustainable patient access and inform future cost-conscious manufacturing design decisions.
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6
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Yu YB, Briggs KT, Taraban MB, Brinson RG, Marino JP. Grand Challenges in Pharmaceutical Research Series: Ridding the Cold Chain for Biologics. Pharm Res 2021; 38:3-7. [PMID: 33555493 PMCID: PMC7869771 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03008-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biologics are complex pharmaceuticals that include formulated proteins, plasma products, vaccines, cell and gene therapy products, and biological tissues. These products are fragile and typically require cold chain for their delivery and storage. Delivering biologics, while maintaining the cold chain, whether standard (2°C to 8°C) or deepfreeze (as cold as -70°C), requires extensive infrastructure that is expensive to build and maintain. This poses a huge challenge to equitable healthcare delivery, especially during a global pandemic. Even when the infrastructure is in place, breaches of the cold chain are common. Such breaches may damage the product, making therapeutics and vaccines ineffective or even harmful. Rather than strengthening the cold chain through building more infrastructure and imposing more stringent guidelines, we suggest that money and effort are best spent on making the cold chain unnecessary for biologics delivery and storage. To meet this grand challenge in pharmaceutical research, we highlight areas where innovations are needed in the design, formulation and biomanufacturing of biologics, including point-of-care manufacturing and inspection. These technological innovations would rely on fundamental advances in our understanding of biomolecules and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bruce Yu
- Bio- and Nano-Technology Center, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA. .,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA.
| | - Katharine T Briggs
- Bio- and Nano-Technology Center, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Marc B Taraban
- Bio- and Nano-Technology Center, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Robert G Brinson
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - John P Marino
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
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7
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Benítez-Mateos AI, Zeballos N, Comino N, Moreno de Redrojo L, Randelovic T, López-Gallego F. Microcompartmentalized Cell-Free Protein Synthesis in Hydrogel μ-Channels. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2971-2978. [PMID: 33170665 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rapid demand for protein-based molecules has stimulated much research on cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS); however, there are still many challenges in terms of cost-efficiency, process intensification, and sustainability. Herein, we describe the microcompartmentalization of CFPS of superfolded green fluorescent protein (sGFP) in alginate hydrogels, which were casted into a μ-channel device. CFPS was optimized for the microcompartmentalized environment and characterized in terms of synthesis yield. To extend the scope of this technology, the use of other biocompatible materials (collagen, laponite, and agarose) was explored. In addition, the diffusion of sGFP from the hydrogel microenvironment to the bulk was demonstrated, opening a promising opportunity for concurrent synthesis and delivery of proteins. Finally, we provide an application for this system: the CFPS of enzymes. The present design of the hydrogel μ-channel device may enhance the potential application of microcompartmentalized CFPS in biosensing, bioprototyping, and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Benítez-Mateos
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, CICbiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182. Edificio empresarial “C”, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicoll Zeballos
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, CICbiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182. Edificio empresarial “C”, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Natalia Comino
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, CICbiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182. Edificio empresarial “C”, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Lucía Moreno de Redrojo
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teodora Randelovic
- Tissue MicroEnvironment (TME) Lab, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IISA), Avda. San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Escuillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, CICbiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182. Edificio empresarial “C”, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- ARAID, Aragon Foundation for Science, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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8
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Nelson JAD, Barnett RJ, Hunt JP, Foutz I, Welton M, Bundy BC. Hydrofoam and oxygen headspace bioreactors improve cell-free therapeutic protein production yields through enhanced oxygen transport. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3079. [PMID: 32920987 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics are powerful tools in the fight against diabetes, cancers, growth disorders, and many other debilitating diseases. However, availability is limited due to cost and complications of production from living organisms. To make life-saving protein therapeutics more available to the world, the possibility of magistral or point-of-care protein therapeutic production has gained focus. The recent invention and optimization of lyophilized "cell-free" protein synthesis reagents and its demonstrated ability to produce highly active versions of FDA-approved cancer therapeutics have increased its potential for low-cost, single-batch, magistral medicine. Here we present for the first time the concept of increased oxygen mass transfer in small-batch, cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reactions through air-water foams. These "hydrofoam" reactions increased CFPS yields by up to 100%. Contrary to traditional protein synthesis using living organisms, where foam bubbles cause cell-lysis and production losses, hydrofoam CFPS reactions are "cell-free" and better tolerate foaming. Simulation and experimental results suggest that oxygen transfer is limiting in even small volume batch CFPS reactors and that the hydrofoam format improved oxygen transfer. This is further supported by CFPS reactions achieving higher yields when oxygen gas replaces air in the headspace of batch reactions. Improving CFPS yields with hydrofoam reduces the overall cost of biotherapeutic production, increasing availability to the developing world. Beyond protein therapeutic production, hydrofoam CFPS could also be used to enhance other CFPS applications including biosensing, biomanufacturing, and biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew D Nelson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - R Jordan Barnett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - J Porter Hunt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Isaac Foutz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Meagan Welton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Bradley C Bundy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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9
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Doevendans E, Schellekens H. Protein Quality Testing in the Era of Personalized Medicine. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2962-2968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Schork NJ, Goetz LH, Lowey J, Trent J. Strategies for Testing Intervention Matching Schemes in Cancer. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 108:542-552. [PMID: 32535886 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Personalized medicine, or the tailoring of health interventions to an individual's nuanced and often unique genetic, biochemical, physiological, behavioral, and/or exposure profile, is seen by many as a biological necessity given the great heterogeneity of pathogenic processes underlying most diseases. However, testing and ultimately proving the benefit of strategies or algorithms connecting the mechanisms of action of specific interventions to patient pathophysiological profiles (referred to here as "intervention matching schemes" (IMS)) is complex for many reasons. We argue that IMS are likely to be pervasive, if not ubiquitous, in future health care, but raise important questions about their broad deployment and the contexts within which their utility can be proven. For example, one could question the need to, the efficiency associated with, and the reliability of, strategies for comparing competing or perhaps complementary IMS. We briefly summarize some of the more salient issues surrounding the vetting of IMS in cancer contexts and argue that IMS are at the foundation of many modern clinical trials and intervention strategies, such as basket, umbrella, and adaptive trials. In addition, IMS are at the heart of proposed "rapid learning systems" in hospitals, and implicit in cell replacement strategies, such as cytotoxic T-cell therapies targeting patient-specific neo-antigen profiles. We also consider the need for sensitivity to issues surrounding the deployment of IMS and comment on directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Schork
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Department of Population Sciences, The City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Laura H Goetz
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, The City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - James Lowey
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jeffrey Trent
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, The City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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11
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Chrousos GP, Mentis AFA. Medical misinformation in mass and social media: An urgent call for action, especially during epidemics. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13227. [PMID: 32294232 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios-Fotios A Mentis
- Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.,Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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12
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Aldosari MH, den Hartog M, Ganizada H, Evers MJW, Mastrobattista E, Schellekens H. Feasibility Study for Bedside Production of Recombinant Human Acid α-Glucosidase: Technical and Financial Considerations. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:467-479. [PMID: 32065100 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200217113049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The high cost of orphan drugs limits their access by many patients, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Many orphan drugs are off-patent without alternative generic or biosimilar versions available. Production of these drugs at the point-of-care, when feasible, could be a cost-effective alternative. METHODS The financial feasibility of this approach was estimated by setting up a small-scale production of recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase (rhGAA). The commercial version of rhGAA is Myozyme™, and Lumizyme™ in the United States, which is used to treat Pompe disease. The rhGAA was produced in CHO-K1 mammalian cells and purified using multiple purification steps to obtain a protein profile comparable to Myozyme™. RESULTS The established small-scale production of rhGAA was used to obtain a realistic cost estimation for the magistral production of this biological drug. The treatment cost of rhGAA using bedside production was estimated at $3,484/gram, which is 71% lower than the commercial price of Myozyme ™. CONCLUSION This study shows that bedside production might be a cost-effective approach to increase the access of patients to particular life-saving drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Aldosari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Hubertina Ganizada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn J W Evers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Huub Schellekens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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13
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Adiga R, Andar A, Borhani S, Burgenson D, Deldari S, Frey D, Ge X, Gopalakrishnan M, Gurramkonda C, Gutierrez E, Jackson IL, Kostov Y, Liu Y, Moreira A, Newman D, Piegols J, Punshon-Smith B, Rao G, Tolosa L, Tolosa M, Vujaskovic Z, Wagner C, Wong L, Zodda A. Manufacturing biological medicines on demand: Safety and efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in a mouse model of total body irradiation. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2970. [PMID: 31989790 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics, also known as biologics, are currently manufactured at centralized facilities according to rigorous protocols. The manufacturing process takes months and the delivery of the biological products needs a cold chain. This makes it less responsive to rapid changes in demand. Here, we report on technology application for on-demand biologics manufacturing (Bio-MOD) that can produce safe and effective biologics from cell-free systems at the point of care without the current challenges of long-term storage and cold-chain delivery. The objective of the current study is to establish proof-of-concept safety and efficacy of Bio-MOD-manufactured granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a mouse model of total body irradiation at a dose estimated to induce 30% lethality within the first 30 days postexposure. To illustrate on-demand Bio-MOD production feasibility, histidine-tagged G-CSF was manufactured daily under good manufacturing practice-like conditions prior to administration over a 16-day period. Bio-MOD-manufactured G-CSF improved 30-day survival when compared with saline alone (p = .073). In addition to accelerating recovery from neutropenia, the platelet and hemoglobin nadirs were significantly higher in G-CSF-treated animals compared with saline-treated animals (p < .05). The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of consistently manufacturing safe and effective on-demand biologics suitable for real-time release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Adiga
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Abhay Andar
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shayan Borhani
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Burgenson
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sevda Deldari
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas Frey
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xudong Ge
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mathangi Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chandrasekhar Gurramkonda
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erick Gutierrez
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Isabel L Jackson
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yordan Kostov
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Antonio Moreira
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Diana Newman
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph Piegols
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Benjamin Punshon-Smith
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leah Tolosa
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mike Tolosa
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chelsea Wagner
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lynn Wong
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Zodda
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Singh A, Myklebust NN, Furevik SMV, Haugse R, Herfindal L. Immunoliposomes in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Therapy: An Overview of Possible Targets and Obstacles. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5278-5292. [PMID: 31099318 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190517114450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) is the neoplastic transformation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) and relapsed disease is a major challenge in the treatment. Despite technological advances in the field of medicine and our heightened knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of AML, the initial therapy of "7+3" Cytarabine and Daunorubicin has remained mainly unchanged since 1973. AML is a disease of the elderly, and increased morbidity in this patient group does not allow the full use of the treatment and drug-resistant relapse is common. Nanocarriers are drug-delivery systems that can be used to transport drugs to the bone marrow and target Leukemic Stem Cells (LSC), conferring less side-effects compared to the free-drug alternative. Nanocarriers also can be used to favour the transport of drugs that otherwise would not have been used clinically due to toxicity and poor efficacy. Liposomes are a type of nanocarrier that can be used as a dedicated drug delivery system, which can also have active ligands on the surface in order to interact with antigens on the target cells or tissues. In addition to using small molecules, it is possible to attach antibodies to the liposome surface, generating so-called immunoliposomes. By using immunoliposomes as a drug-delivery system, it is possible to minimize the toxic side effects caused by the chemotherapeutic drug on healthy organs, and at the same time direct the drugs towards the remaining AML blasts and stem cells. This article aims to explore the possibilities of using immunoliposomes as a drug carrier in AML therapy. Emphasis will be on possible target molecules on the AML cells, leukaemic stem cells, as well as bone marrow constituents relevant to AML therapy. Further, some conditions and precautions that must be met for immunoliposomes to be used in AML therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Singh
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Sarah Marie Vie Furevik
- Hospital pharmacies enterprise, Western Norway, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Haugse
- Hospital pharmacies enterprise, Western Norway, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Herfindal
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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15
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In-Hospital Production of Medicines: Preparing for Disruption. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 38:1045-1047. [PMID: 31679825 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In-hospital production of affordable medicines holds potential to address problems of drug accessibility. However, expanding the scope of magistral preparation to include high-cost drugs and complex biologicals gives rise to new challenges. We discuss ethical and regulatory complexities faced by Dutch initiatives defying the current pharmaceutical system through magistral preparation.
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16
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Versatile biomanufacturing through stimulus-responsive cell-material feedback. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:1017-1024. [PMID: 31527836 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Small-scale production of biologics has great potential for enhancing the accessibility of biomanufacturing. By exploiting cell-material feedback, we have designed a concise platform to achieve versatile production, analysis and purification of diverse proteins and protein complexes. The core of our technology is a microbial swarmbot, which consists of a stimulus-sensitive polymeric microcapsule encapsulating engineered bacteria. By sensing the confinement, the bacteria undergo programmed partial lysis at a high local density. Conversely, the encapsulating material shrinks responding to the changing chemical environment caused by cell growth, squeezing out the protein products released by bacterial lysis. This platform is then integrated with downstream modules to enable quantification of enzymatic kinetics, purification of diverse proteins, quantitative control of protein interactions and assembly of functional protein complexes and multienzyme metabolic pathways. Our work demonstrates the use of the cell-material feedback to engineer a modular and flexible platform with sophisticated yet well-defined programmed functions.
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17
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Gomez‐Marquez J, Hamad‐Schifferli K. Distributed Biological Foundries for Global Health. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900184. [PMID: 31420954 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Historically, many industries such as manufacturing have undergone a trend away from centralized, large-scale production toward a more distributed form. Currently, this same trend is witnessed in biological manufacturing and bioprocessing, with the rise of biological foundries where one can synthesize, grow, isolate, and purify a broad range of biologics. The adoption of distributed practices for biological processing has significant implications for healthcare, diagnostics, and therapies. This essay discusses the many diverse factors that have facilitated this growth, ranging from the establishment of available biological components, or "parts," low-cost programmable hardware, and others. Currently existing examples of distributed biological foundries are also identified, separating the discussion into those that are accessible only by elite users and the more recent emerging foundries that are more accessible to the general population. Taking lessons from other fields, it is argued that this trend toward distributed biological manufacturing is inevitable, so adapting to this trend is important for the progress of creating new therapeutics, sensors, diagnostics, and reagents for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Gomez‐Marquez
- Little Devices LabMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Kimberly Hamad‐Schifferli
- Department of EngineeringSchool for the EnvironmentUniversity of Massachusetts Boston 100 Morrissey Blvd. Boston MA 02125 USA
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18
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Crommelin DJA, Mastrobattista E, Hawe A, Hoogendoorn KH, Jiskoot W. Shifting Paradigms Revisited: Biotechnology and the Pharmaceutical Sciences. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:30-43. [PMID: 31449815 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In 2003, Crommelin et al. published an article titled: "Shifting paradigms: biopharmaceuticals versus low molecular weight drugs" (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(03)00376-4). In the present commentary, 16 years later, we discuss pharmaceutically relevant aspects of the evolution of biologics since then. First, we discuss the increasing repertoire of biologics, in particular, the rapidly growing monoclonal antibody family and the advent of advanced therapy medicinal products. Next, we discuss trends in formulation and characterization as well as summarize our current insights into immunogenicity of biologics. We spend a separate section on new product(ion) paradigms for biologics, such as cell-free production systems, production of advanced therapy medicinal products, and downscaled production approaches. Furthermore, we share our views on issues related to reaching the patient, including routes and techniques of administration, alternative development models for affordable biologics, biosimilars, and handling of biologics. In the concluding section, we outline outstanding issues and make some suggestions for resolving those.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan J A Crommelin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Karin H Hoogendoorn
- Leiden University Medical Center, Hospital Pharmacy, Interdivisional GMP Facility, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Coriolis Pharma, Martinsried, Germany; Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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19
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Vaca González CP, Arteaga L, Delgado López NE. Magistral drug production in Colombia and other middle-income countries. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:216-217. [DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Abstract
The development of high-throughput, data-intensive biomedical research assays and technologies has created a need for researchers to develop strategies for analyzing, integrating, and interpreting the massive amounts of data they generate. Although a wide variety of statistical methods have been designed to accommodate 'big data,' experiences with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques suggest that they might be particularly appropriate. In addition, the results of the application of these assays reveal a great heterogeneity in the pathophysiologic factors and processes that contribute to disease, suggesting that there is a need to tailor, or 'personalize,' medicines to the nuanced and often unique features possessed by individual patients. Given how important data-intensive assays are to revealing appropriate intervention targets and strategies for treating an individual with a disease, AI can play an important role in the development of personalized medicines. We describe many areas where AI can play such a role and argue that AI's ability to advance personalized medicine will depend critically on not only the refinement of relevant assays, but also on ways of storing, aggregating, accessing, and ultimately integrating, the data they produce. We also point out the limitations of many AI techniques in developing personalized medicines as well as consider areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Schork
- Department of Quantitative Medicine, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- The City of Hope/TGen IMPACT Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
- The University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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21
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Crowell LE, Lu AE, Love KR, Stockdale A, Timmick SM, Wu D, Wang Y(A, Doherty W, Bonnyman A, Vecchiarello N, Goodwine C, Bradbury L, Brady JR, Clark JJ, Colant NA, Cvetkovic A, Dalvie NC, Liu D, Liu Y, Mascarenhas CA, Matthews CB, Mozdzierz NJ, Shah KA, Wu SL, Hancock WS, Braatz RD, Cramer SM, Love JC. On-demand manufacturing of clinical-quality biopharmaceuticals. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:nbt.4262. [PMID: 30272677 PMCID: PMC6443493 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional manufacturing of protein biopharmaceuticals in centralized, large-scale, single-product facilities is not well-suited to the agile production of drugs for small patient populations or individuals. Previous solutions for small-scale manufacturing are limited in both process reproducibility and product quality, owing to their complicated means of protein expression and purification. We describe an automated, benchtop, multiproduct manufacturing system, called Integrated Scalable Cyto-Technology (InSCyT), for the end-to-end production of hundreds to thousands of doses of clinical-quality protein biologics in about 3 d. Unlike previous systems, InSCyT includes fully integrated modules for sustained production, efficient purification without the use of affinity tags, and formulation to a final dosage form of recombinant biopharmaceuticals. We demonstrate that InSCyT can accelerate process development from sequence to purified drug in 12 weeks. We used integrated design to produce human growth hormone, interferon α-2b and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with highly similar processes on this system and show that their purity and potency are comparable to those of marketed reference products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Crowell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Amos E. Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Kerry R. Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan Stockdale
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven M. Timmick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York,
USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York,
USA
- GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu (Annie) Wang
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Doherty
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra Bonnyman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Vecchiarello
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York,
USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York,
USA
| | - Chaz Goodwine
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York,
USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York,
USA
| | | | - Joseph R. Brady
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - John J. Clark
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noelle A. Colant
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, England
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovic
- Pall Life Sciences, Westborough, Massachusetts, USA
- Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil C. Dalvie
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Diana Liu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Craig A. Mascarenhas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Catherine B. Matthews
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Nicholas J. Mozdzierz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Kartik A. Shah
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - William S. Hancock
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard D. Braatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Steven M. Cramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York,
USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York,
USA
| | - J. Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
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22
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Burgenson D, Gurramkonda C, Pilli M, Ge X, Andar A, Kostov Y, Tolosa L, Rao G. Rapid recombinant protein expression in cell-free extracts from human blood. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9569. [PMID: 29934577 PMCID: PMC6014972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several groups have recently reported on the utility of cell-free expression systems to make therapeutic proteins, most of them employing CHO or E. coli cell-free extracts. Here, we propose an alternative that uses human blood derived leukocyte cell extracts for the expression of recombinant proteins. We demonstrate expression of nano luciferase (Nluc), Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and Erythropoietin (EPO) in cell-free leukocyte extracts within two hours. Human blood is readily available from donors and blood banks and leukocyte rich fractions are easy to obtain. The method described here demonstrates the ability to rapidly express recombinant proteins from human cell extracts that could provide the research community with a facile technology to make their target protein. Eventually, we envision that any recombinant protein can be produced from patient-supplied leukocytes, which can then be injected back into the patient. This approach could lead to an alternative model for personalized medicines and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Burgenson
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Gurramkonda
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Manohar Pilli
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xudong Ge
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abhay Andar
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yordan Kostov
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah Tolosa
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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23
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Benítez-Mateos AI, Llarena I, Sánchez-Iglesias A, López-Gallego F. Expanding One-Pot Cell-Free Protein Synthesis and Immobilization for On-Demand Manufacturing of Biomaterials. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:875-884. [PMID: 29473413 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of protein-based biomaterials is an arduous and time-consuming procedure with multiple steps. In this work, we describe a portable toolkit that integrates both cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) and protein immobilization in one pot just by mixing DNA, solid materials, and a CFPS system. We have constructed a modular set of plasmids that fuse the N-terminus of superfolded green fluorescent protein (sGFP) with different peptide tags (poly(6X)Cys, poly(6X)His, and poly(6X)Lys), which drive the immobilization of the protein on the tailored material (agarose beads with different functionalities, gold nanorods, and silica nanoparticles). This system also enables the incorporation of azide-based amino acids into the nascent protein for its selective immobilization through copper-free click reactions. Finally, this technology has been expanded to the synthesis and immobilization of enzymes and antibody-binding proteins for the fabrication of functional biomaterials. This synthetic biological platform has emerged as a versatile tool for on-demand fabrication of therapeutic, diagnostic, and sensing biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Benítez-Mateos
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, Edificio empresarial “C”, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Irantzu Llarena
- Optical Spectroscopy Platform, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, Edificio empresarial “C”, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Iglesias
- Colloidal Nanofabrication Platform, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, Edificio empresarial “C”, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, Edificio empresarial “C”, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
- ARAID, Aragon I+D Foundation, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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24
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Ramsay RR, Popovic-Nikolic MR, Nikolic K, Uliassi E, Bolognesi ML. A perspective on multi-target drug discovery and design for complex diseases. Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:3. [PMID: 29340951 PMCID: PMC5770353 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of infection, of neurodegeneration (such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases), and of malignancy (cancers) have complex and varied causative factors. Modern drug discovery has the power to identify potential modulators for multiple targets from millions of compounds. Computational approaches allow the determination of the association of each compound with its target before chemical synthesis and biological testing is done. These approaches depend on the prior identification of clinically and biologically validated targets. This Perspective will focus on the molecular and computational approaches that underpin drug design by medicinal chemists to promote understanding and collaboration with clinical scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona R Ramsay
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Marija R Popovic-Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Elisa Uliassi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-Bologna University, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-Bologna University, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Mu Q, Yu J, McConnachie LA, Kraft JC, Gao Y, Gulati GK, Ho RJY. Translation of combination nanodrugs into nanomedicines: lessons learned and future outlook. J Drug Target 2018; 26:435-447. [PMID: 29285948 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1419363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The concept of nanomedicine is not new. For instance, some nanocrystals and colloidal drug molecules are marketed that improve pharmacokinetic characteristics of single-agent therapeutics. For the past two decades, the number of research publications on single-agent nanoformulations has grown exponentially. However, formulations advancing to pre-clinical and clinical evaluations that lead to therapeutic products has been limited. Chronic diseases such as cancer and HIV/AIDS require drug combinations, not single agents, for durable therapeutic responses. Therefore, development and clinical translation of drug combination nanoformulations could play a significant role in improving human health. Successful translation of promising concepts into pre-clinical and clinical studies requires early considerations of the physical compatibility, pharmacological synergy, as well as pharmaceutical characteristics (e.g. stability, scalability and pharmacokinetics). With this approach and robust manufacturing processes in place, some drug-combination nanoparticles have progressed to non-human primate and human studies. In this article, we discuss the rationale and role of drug-combination nanoparticles, the pre-clinical and clinical research progress made to date and the key challenges for successful clinical translation. Finally, we offer insight to accelerate clinical translation through leveraging robust nanoplatform technologies to enable implementation of personalised and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Mu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Jesse Yu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Lisa A McConnachie
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - John C Kraft
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Yu Gao
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Gaurav K Gulati
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Rodney J Y Ho
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,c Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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Dooms M, Carvalho M. Compounded medication for patients with rare diseases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:1. [PMID: 29301541 PMCID: PMC5753439 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When there is no authorized on- or in absence even no off-label treatment for patients with rare diseases, pharmacists have to compound medicinal products to meet the patients special needs. However it is important that there is evidence in the medical and/or pharmaceutical literature for such compounded medications. POSITION STATEMENT Pharmaceutical compounding must be performed in the best possible circumstances by certified practitioners (pharmacists) using validated standard operating procedures (standardized formulations) in order to obtain medicinal products of the highest quality to assure patient safety. More than 60 compounding procedures were identified in 17 on-line pharmaceutical compounding reference sources worldwide but more operating procedures still need to be validated. All ingredients used in the preparation of the compounded medication must be accompanied by a certificate of analysis and full records of the pharmaceutical production process need to be kept for full traceability and accountability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dooms
- University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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