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Chen Y, Wang S, Zhang C. The Differentiation Fate of Granulosa Cells and the Regulatory Mechanism in Ovary. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01682-w. [PMID: 39192066 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01682-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Granulosa cells (GCs) are important drives of the reproductive process, not only the supporting cells for nutrition, but also cells with endocrine functions. Their differentiation and development parallel the entire menstruation period and even during pregnancy, making it tightly linked to the fate of the follicle. To elucidate the underlying mechanism is of great significance for related researches. The life course of GCs is briefly divided into five stages, from epithelial cells to pre-granulosa cells, GCs, mural and cumulus cells, lutein cells, and eventually disappear. A wide variety of genes and transcription factors participate in the regulation of different stages, and more importantly, various hormones secreted by the pituitary gland and GCs themselves play a leading role. These endogenous and exogenous signalling molecules interact to form a cross-linked communication network, promoting the development of GCs. Together with oocytes, theca cells and other functional cells in the ovary, GCs drive one of the most vital biological processes in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shimeng Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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2
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Bobzin L, Nickle A, Ko S, Ince M, Bhojwani A, Merrill AE. FGF Signaling Regulates Development of the Anterior Fontanelle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.14.603452. [PMID: 39071418 PMCID: PMC11275813 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.14.603452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The calvarial bones of the infant skull are connected by transient fibrous joints known as sutures and fontanelles, which are essential for reshaping during birth and postnatal growth. Genetic disorders such as Apert, Pfeiffer, Crouzon, and Bent bone dysplasia linked to FGFR2 variants often exhibit multi-suture craniosynostosis and a persistently open anterior fontanelle (AF). This study leverages mouse genetics and single-cell transcriptomics to determine how Fgfr2 regulates closure of the AF closure and its transformation into the frontal suture during postnatal development. We find that cells of the AF, marked by the tendon/ligament factor SCX, are spatially restricted to ecto- or endocranial domains and undergo regionally selective differentiation into ligament, bone, and cartilage. Differentiation of SCX+ AF cells is dependent on FGFR2 signaling in cells of the osteogenic fronts which, when fueled by FGF18 from the ectocranial mesenchyme, express the secreted WNT inhibitor WIF1 to regulate WNT signaling in neighboring AF cells. Upon loss of Fgfr2 , Wif1 expression is lost, and cells of the AF retain a connective tissue-like fate failing to form the posterior frontal suture. This study provides new insights into regional differences in suture development by identifying an FGF-WNT signaling circuit within the AF that links frontal bone advancement with suture joint formation.
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3
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Li Q, Shi J, Yi D, Li X, Gu Z, Yan H, Leng J. The pathogenesis of endometriosis and adenomyosis: insights from single-cell RNA sequencing†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:854-865. [PMID: 38386960 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis and adenomyosis are two similar gynecological diseases that are characterized by ectopic implantation and the growth of the endometrial tissue. Previous studies have reported that they share a common pathophysiology in some respects, such as a similar cellular composition and resistance to the progestogen of lesions, but their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Emerging single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies allow for the dissection of single-cell transcriptome mapping to reveal the etiology of diseases at the level of the individual cell. In this review, we summarized the published findings in research on scRNA-seq regarding the cellular components and molecular profiles of diverse lesions. They show that epithelial cell clusters may be the vital progenitors of endometriosis and adenomyosis. Subclusters of stromal cells, such as endometrial mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts, are also involved in the occurrence of endometriosis and adenomyosis, respectively. Moreover, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages exhibit a deficiency in clearing the ectopic endometrial cells in the immune microenvironment of endometriosis. It seems that the immune responses are activated in adenomyosis. Understanding the immune characteristics of adenomyosis still needs further exploration. Finally, we discuss the application of findings from scRNA-seq for clinical diagnosis and treatment. This review provides fresh insights into the pathogenesis of endometriosis and adenomyosis as well as the therapeutic targets at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyue Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hailan Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Leng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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4
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Anbarci DN, O'Rourke R, Xiang Y, Peters DT, Capel B, McKey J. Bulk and single-cell transcriptome datasets of the mouse fetal and adult rete ovarii and surrounding tissues. Sci Data 2024; 11:383. [PMID: 38615064 PMCID: PMC11016079 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The rete ovarii (RO) is an epithelial structure that arises during development in close proximity to the ovary and persists throughout adulthood. However, the functional significance of the RO remains elusive, and it is absent from recent discussions of female reproductive anatomy. The RO comprises three regions: the intraovarian rete within the ovary, the extraovarian rete in the periovarian tissue, and the connecting rete linking the two. We hypothesize that the RO plays a pivotal role in ovarian homeostasis and responses to physiological changes. To begin to uncover the nature and function of RO cells, we conducted transcriptomic profiling of the RO. This study presents three datasets, and reports our analysis and quality control approaches for bulk, single-cell, and nucleus-level transcriptomics of the fetal and adult RO tissues using the Pax8-rtTA; Tre-H2B-GFP mouse line, where all RO regions express nuclear GFP. The integration and rigorous validation of these datasets will advance our understanding of the RO's roles in ovarian development, female maturation, and adult female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara N Anbarci
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Rebecca O'Rourke
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Derek T Peters
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jennifer McKey
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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5
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Chakravarthi VP, Dilower I, Ghosh S, Borosha S, Mohamadi R, Dahiya V, Vo K, Lee EB, Ratri A, Kumar V, Marsh CA, Fields PE, Rumi MAK. ERβ Regulation of Indian Hedgehog Expression in the First Wave of Ovarian Follicles. Cells 2024; 13:644. [PMID: 38607081 PMCID: PMC11011683 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased activation of ovarian primordial follicles in Erβ knockout (ErβKO) rats becomes evident as early as postnatal day 8.5. To identify the ERβ-regulated genes that may control ovarian primordial follicle activation, we analyzed the transcriptome profiles of ErβKO rat ovaries collected on postnatal days 4.5, 6.5, and 8.5. Compared to wildtype ovaries, ErβKO ovaries displayed dramatic downregulation of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) expression. IHH-regulated genes, including Hhip, Gli1, and Ptch1, were also downregulated in ErβKO ovaries. This was associated with a downregulation of steroidogenic enzymes Cyp11a1, Cyp19a1, and Hsd17b1. The expression of Ihh remained very low in ErβKO ovaries despite the high levels of Gdf9 and Bmp15, which are known upregulators of Ihh expression in the granulosa cells of activated ovarian follicles. Strikingly, the downregulation of the Ihh gene in ErβKO ovaries began to disappear on postnatal day 16.5 and recovered on postnatal day 21.5. In rat ovaries, the first wave of primordial follicles is rapidly activated after their formation, whereas the second wave of primordial follicles remains dormant in the ovarian cortex and slowly starts activating after postnatal day 12.5. We localized the expression of Ihh mRNA in postnatal day 8.5 wildtype rat ovaries but not in the age-matched ErβKO ovaries. In postnatal day 21.5 ErβKO rat ovaries, we detected Ihh mRNA mainly in the activated follicles in the ovaries' peripheral regions. Our findings indicate that the expression of Ihh in the granulosa cells of the activated first wave of ovarian follicles depends on ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Praveen Chakravarthi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (I.D.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (R.M.); (V.D.); (K.V.); (E.B.L.); (A.R.); (V.K.); (P.E.F.)
| | - Iman Dilower
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (I.D.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (R.M.); (V.D.); (K.V.); (E.B.L.); (A.R.); (V.K.); (P.E.F.)
| | - Subhra Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (I.D.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (R.M.); (V.D.); (K.V.); (E.B.L.); (A.R.); (V.K.); (P.E.F.)
| | - Shaon Borosha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (I.D.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (R.M.); (V.D.); (K.V.); (E.B.L.); (A.R.); (V.K.); (P.E.F.)
| | - Ryan Mohamadi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (I.D.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (R.M.); (V.D.); (K.V.); (E.B.L.); (A.R.); (V.K.); (P.E.F.)
| | - Vinesh Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (I.D.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (R.M.); (V.D.); (K.V.); (E.B.L.); (A.R.); (V.K.); (P.E.F.)
| | - Kevin Vo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (I.D.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (R.M.); (V.D.); (K.V.); (E.B.L.); (A.R.); (V.K.); (P.E.F.)
| | - Eun B. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (I.D.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (R.M.); (V.D.); (K.V.); (E.B.L.); (A.R.); (V.K.); (P.E.F.)
| | - Anamika Ratri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (I.D.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (R.M.); (V.D.); (K.V.); (E.B.L.); (A.R.); (V.K.); (P.E.F.)
| | - Vishnu Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (I.D.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (R.M.); (V.D.); (K.V.); (E.B.L.); (A.R.); (V.K.); (P.E.F.)
| | - Courtney A. Marsh
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Patrick E. Fields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (I.D.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (R.M.); (V.D.); (K.V.); (E.B.L.); (A.R.); (V.K.); (P.E.F.)
| | - M. A. Karim Rumi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (I.D.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (R.M.); (V.D.); (K.V.); (E.B.L.); (A.R.); (V.K.); (P.E.F.)
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6
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Alsaadi A, Artibani M, Hu Z, Wietek N, Morotti M, Gonzalez LS, Alazzam M, Jiang J, Abdul B, Soleymani Majd H, Blazer LL, Adams J, Silvestri F, Sidhu SS, Brugge JS, Ahmed AA. Single-cell transcriptomics identifies a WNT7A-FZD5 signaling axis that maintains fallopian tube stem cells in patient-derived organoids. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113354. [PMID: 37917586 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of fallopian tube (FT) function in health and disease has been hampered by limited knowledge of FT stem cells and lack of in vitro models of stem cell renewal and differentiation. Using optimized organoid culture conditions to address these limitations, we find that FT stem cell renewal is highly dependent on WNT/β-catenin signaling and engineer endogenous WNT/β-catenin signaling reporter organoids to biomark, isolate, and characterize these cells. Using functional approaches, as well as bulk and single-cell transcriptomics analyses, we show that an endogenous hormonally regulated WNT7A-FZD5 signaling axis is critical for stem cell renewal and that WNT/β-catenin pathway-activated cells form a distinct transcriptomic cluster of FT cells enriched in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and integrin signaling pathways. Overall, we provide a deep characterization of FT stem cells and their molecular requirements for self-renewal, paving the way for mechanistic work investigating the role of stem cells in FT health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkhaliq Alsaadi
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mara Artibani
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Gene Regulatory Networks in Development and Disease Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Gene Regulatory Networks in Development and Disease Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Nina Wietek
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Matteo Morotti
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Laura Santana Gonzalez
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Moiad Alazzam
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Jason Jiang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Beena Abdul
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Hooman Soleymani Majd
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Levi L Blazer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jarret Adams
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed Ashour Ahmed
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
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7
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Sosa E, Mumu SK, Alvarado CC, Wu QY, Roberson I, Espinoza A, Hsu FM, Saito K, Hunt TJ, Faith JE, Lowe MG, DiRusso JA, Clark AT. Reconstituted ovaries self-assemble without an ovarian surface epithelium. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2190-2202. [PMID: 37890483 PMCID: PMC10679655 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) stem cell models of the ovary have the potential to benefit women's reproductive health research. One such model, the reconstituted ovary (rOvary) self-assembles with pluripotent stem cell-derived germ cells creating a 3D ovarian mimic competent to support the differentiation of functional oocytes inside follicles. In this study, we evaluated the cellular composition of the rOvary revealing the capacity to generate multiple follicles surrounded by NR2F2+ stroma cells. However, the rOvary does not develop a surface epithelium, the source of second-wave pre-granulosa cells, or steroidogenic theca. Therefore, the rOvary models represent the self-assembly of activated follicles in a pre-pubertal ovary poised but not yet competent for hormone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Sosa
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sinthia Kabir Mumu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christian C Alvarado
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qiu Ya Wu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Isaias Roberson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alejandro Espinoza
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences - The Collaboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fei-Man Hsu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kaori Saito
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy J Hunt
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jared E Faith
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew G Lowe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan A DiRusso
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amander T Clark
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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8
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Anbarci DN, O’Rourke R, Xiang Y, Peters DT, Capel B, McKey J. Transcriptome analysis of the mouse fetal and adult rete ovarii and surrounding tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.06.565717. [PMID: 37986846 PMCID: PMC10659311 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.06.565717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The rete ovarii (RO) is an epithelial structure that arises during fetal development in close proximity to the ovary and persists throughout adulthood in mice. However, the functional significance of the RO remains elusive, and it has been absent from recent discussions of female reproductive anatomy. The RO comprises three distinct regions: the intraovarian rete (IOR) within the ovary, the extraovarian rete (EOR) in the periovarian tissue, and the connecting rete (CR) linking the EOR and IOR. We hypothesize that the RO plays a pivotal role in maintaining ovarian homeostasis and responding to physiological changes. To uncover the nature and function of RO cells, we conducted transcriptome analysis, encompassing bulk, single-cell, and nucleus-level sequencing of both fetal and adult RO tissues using the Pax8-rtTA; Tre-H2B-GFP mouse line, where all RO regions express nuclear GFP. This study presents three datasets, which highlight RO-specific gene expression signatures and reveal differences in gene expression across the three RO regions during development and in adulthood. The integration and rigorous validation of these datasets will advance our understanding of the RO's roles in ovarian development, female maturation, and adult female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara N. Anbarci
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710
| | - Rebecca O’Rourke
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO 80045
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710
| | - Derek T. Peters
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710
| | - Jennifer McKey
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO 80045
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9
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Ford MJ, Harwalkar K, Kazemdarvish H, Yamanaka N, Yamanaka Y. CD133/Prom1 marks proximal mouse oviduct epithelial progenitors and adult epithelial cells with a low generative capacity. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059963. [PMID: 37605939 PMCID: PMC10508696 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelium lining the oviduct or fallopian tube consists of multiciliated and secretory cells, which support fertilization and preimplantation development, however, its homeostasis remains poorly understood. CD133/Prom1 expression has been used as a marker to identify adult stem cell populations in various organs and often associated with cancer cells that have stem-like properties. Using an antibody targeted to CD133 and a Cre recombinase-based lineage tracing strategy, we found that CD133/Prom1 expression is not associated with a stem/progenitor population in the oviduct but marked predominantly multiciliated cells with a low generative capacity. Additionally, we have shown that CD133 is disparately localised along the oviduct during neonatal development, and that Prom1 expressing secretory cells in the ampulla rapidly transitioned to multiciliated cells and progressively migrated to the ridge of epithelial folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Ford
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Keerthana Harwalkar
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Hengameh Kazemdarvish
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Nobuko Yamanaka
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Yojiro Yamanaka
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1A3, Canada
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10
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Lučić I, Kurtović M, Mlinarić M, Piteša N, Čipak Gašparović A, Sabol M, Milković L. Deciphering Common Traits of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells and Possible Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10683. [PMID: 37445860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) are among the most common and deadly cancers affecting women worldwide. Both are complex diseases with marked heterogeneity. Despite the induction of screening programs that increase the frequency of earlier diagnosis of BC, at a stage when the cancer is more likely to respond to therapy, which does not exist for OC, more than 50% of both cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Initial therapy can put the cancer into remission. However, recurrences occur frequently in both BC and OC, which are highly cancer-subtype dependent. Therapy resistance is mainly attributed to a rare subpopulation of cells, named cancer stem cells (CSC) or tumor-initiating cells, as they are capable of self-renewal, tumor initiation, and regrowth of tumor bulk. In this review, we will discuss the distinctive markers and signaling pathways that characterize CSC, their interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and the strategies they employ to evade immune surveillance. Our focus will be on identifying the common features of breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) and ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSC) and suggesting potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Lučić
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matea Kurtović
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Mlinarić
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Piteša
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Čipak Gašparović
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Sabol
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Milković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Wu GMJ, Chen ACH, Yeung WSB, Lee YL. Current progress on in vitro differentiation of ovarian follicles from pluripotent stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1166351. [PMID: 37325555 PMCID: PMC10267358 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1166351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian female reproduction requires a functional ovary. Competence of the ovary is determined by the quality of its basic unit-ovarian follicles. A normal follicle consists of an oocyte enclosed within ovarian follicular cells. In humans and mice, the ovarian follicles are formed at the foetal and the early neonatal stage respectively, and their renewal at the adult stage is controversial. Extensive research emerges recently to produce ovarian follicles in-vitro from different species. Previous reports demonstrated the differentiation of mouse and human pluripotent stem cells into germline cells, termed primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs). The germ cell-specific gene expressions and epigenetic features including global DNA demethylation and histone modifications of the pluripotent stem cells-derived PGCLCs were extensively characterized. The PGCLCs hold potential for forming ovarian follicles or organoids upon cocultured with ovarian somatic cells. Intriguingly, the oocytes isolated from the organoids could be fertilized in-vitro. Based on the knowledge of in-vivo derived pre-granulosa cells, the generation of these cells from pluripotent stem cells termed foetal ovarian somatic cell-like cells was also reported recently. Despite successful in-vitro folliculogenesis from pluripotent stem cells, the efficiency remains low, mainly due to the lack of information on the interaction between PGCLCs and pre-granulosa cells. The establishment of in-vitro pluripotent stem cell-based models paves the way for understanding the critical signalling pathways and molecules during folliculogenesis. This article aims to review the developmental events during in-vivo follicular development and discuss the current progress of generation of PGCLCs, pre-granulosa and theca cells in-vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genie Min Ju Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andy Chun Hang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, The Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Shu Biu Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, The Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, The Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Kim M, Jo KW, Kim H, Han ME, Oh SO. Genetic heterogeneity of liver cancer stem cells. Anat Cell Biol 2023; 56:94-108. [PMID: 36384888 PMCID: PMC9989795 DOI: 10.5115/acb.22.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a serious problem in the control of tumor progression because it can cause chemoresistance and metastasis. Heterogeneity can be generated by various mechanisms, including genetic evolution of cancer cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs), and niche heterogeneity. Because the genetic heterogeneity of CSCs has been poorly characterized, the genetic mutation status of CSCs was examined using Exome-Seq and RNA-Seq data of liver cancer. Here we show that different surface markers for liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) showed a unique propensity for genetic mutations. Cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133)-positive cells showed frequent mutations in the IRF2, BAP1, and ERBB3 genes. However, leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5-positive cells showed frequent mutations in the CTNNB1, RELN, and ROBO1 genes. In addition, some genetic mutations were frequently observed irrespective of the surface markers for LCSCs. BAP1 mutations was frequently observed in CD133-, CD24-, CD13-, CD90-, epithelial cell adhesion molecule-, or keratin 19-positive LCSCs. ASXL2, ERBB3, IRF2, TLX3, CPS1, and NFATC2 mutations were observed in more than three types of LCSCs, suggesting that common mechanisms for the development of these LCSCs. The present study provides genetic heterogeneity depending on the surface markers for LCSCs. The genetic heterogeneity of LCSCs should be considered in the development of LCSC-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kwang-Woo Jo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Myoung-Eun Han
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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13
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Russo A, Cain BP, Jackson-Bey T, Lopez Carrero A, Miglo J, MacLaughlan S, Isenberg BC, Coppeta J, Burdette JE. Increased Local Testosterone Levels Alter Human Fallopian Tube mRNA Profile and Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072062. [PMID: 37046723 PMCID: PMC10093055 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) plays a critical role in reproduction and can be the site where High Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (HGSOC) originates. Tumorigenic oviductal cells, which are the murine equivalent of human fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (FTSEC), enhance testosterone secretion by the ovary when co-cultured with the ovary, suggesting that testosterone is part of the signaling axis between the ovary and FTSEC. Furthermore, testosterone promotes proliferation of oviductal cells. Oral contraceptives, tubal ligation, and salpingectomy, which are all protective against developing ovarian cancer, also decrease circulating levels of androgen. In the current study, we investigated the effect of increased testosterone on FTE and found that testosterone upregulates wingless-type MMTV integration family, member 4 (WNT4) and induces migration and invasion of immortalized human fallopian tube cells. We profiled primary human fallopian tissues grown in the microfluidic system SOLO-microfluidic platform –(MFP) by RNA sequencing and found that p53 and its downstream target genes, such as paired box gene 2 (PAX2), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDK1A or p21), and cluster of differentiation 82 (CD82 or KAI1) were downregulated in response to testosterone treatment. A microfluidic platform, the PREDICT-Multi Organ System (PREDICT-MOS) was engineered to support insert technology that allowed for the study of cancer cell migration and invasion through Matrigel. Using this system, we found that testosterone enhanced FTE migration and invasion, which was reversed by the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, bicalutamide. Testosterone also enhanced FTSEC adhesion to the ovarian stroma using murine ovaries. Overall, these results indicate that primary human fallopian tube tissue and immortalized FTSEC respond to testosterone to shift expression of genes that regulate invasion, while leveraging a new strategy to study migration in the presence of dynamic fluid flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Russo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Brian P. Cain
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tia Jackson-Bey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Alfredo Lopez Carrero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jane Miglo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Shannon MacLaughlan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | | | | | - Joanna E. Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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14
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Qin G, Park ES, Chen X, Han S, Xiang D, Ren F, Liu G, Chen H, Yuan GC, Li Z. Distinct niche structures and intrinsic programs of fallopian tube and ovarian surface epithelial cells. iScience 2022; 26:105861. [PMID: 36624845 PMCID: PMC9823228 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) can originate from either fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) or ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells, but with different latencies and disease outcomes. To address the basis of these differences, we performed single cell RNA-sequencing of mouse cells isolated from the distal half of fallopian tube (FT) and surface layer of ovary. We find at the molecular level, FTE secretory stem/progenitor cells and OSE cells resemble mammary luminal progenitors and basal cells, respectively. An FT stromal subpopulation, enriched with Pdgfra + and Esr1 + cells, expresses multiple secreted factor (e.g., IGF1) and Hedgehog pathway genes and may serve as a niche for FTE cells. In contrast, Lgr5 + OSE cells express similar genes largely by themselves, raising a possibility that they serve as their own niche. The differences in intrinsic expression programs and niche organizations of FTE and OSE cells may contribute to their different courses toward the development of EOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyu Qin
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eun-Sil Park
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sen Han
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fang Ren
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huidong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Corresponding author
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15
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Bridges K, Yao HHC, Nicol B. Loss of Runx1 Induces Granulosa Cell Defects and Development of Ovarian Tumors in the Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214442. [PMID: 36430923 PMCID: PMC9697285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations of the RUNX1 gene are associated with a variety of malignancies, including female-related cancers. The role of RUNX1 as either a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene is tissue-dependent and varies based on the cancer type. Both the amplification and deletion of the RUNX1 gene have been associated with ovarian cancer in humans. In this study, we investigated the effects of Runx1 loss on ovarian pathogenesis in mice. A conditional loss of Runx1 in the somatic cells of the ovary led to an increased prevalence of ovarian tumors in aged mice. By the age of 15 months, 27% of Runx1 knockout (KO) females developed ovarian tumors that presented characteristics of granulosa cell tumors. While ovaries from young adult mice did not display tumors, they all contained abnormal follicle-like lesions. The granulosa cells composing these follicle-like lesions were quiescent, displayed defects in differentiation and were organized in a rosette-like pattern. The RNA-sequencing analysis further revealed differentially expressed genes in Runx1 KO ovaries, including genes involved in metaplasia, ovarian cancer, epithelial cell development, tight junctions, cell-cell adhesion, and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Together, this study showed that Runx1 is required for normal granulosa cell differentiation and prevention of ovarian tumor development in mice.
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16
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Imaimatsu K, Uchida A, Hiramatsu R, Kanai Y. Gonadal Sex Differentiation and Ovarian Organogenesis along the Cortical-Medullary Axis in Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13373. [PMID: 36362161 PMCID: PMC9655463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In most mammals, the sex of the gonads is based on the fate of the supporting cell lineages, which arises from the proliferation of coelomic epithelium (CE) that surfaces on the bipotential genital ridge in both XY and XX embryos. Recent genetic studies and single-cell transcriptome analyses in mice have revealed the cellular and molecular events in the two-wave proliferation of the CE that produce the supporting cells. This proliferation contributes to the formation of the primary sex cords in the medullary region of both the testis and the ovary at the early phase of gonadal sex differentiation, as well as to that of the secondary sex cords in the cortical region of the ovary at the perinatal stage. To support gametogenesis, the testis forms seminiferous tubules in the medullary region, whereas the ovary forms follicles mainly in the cortical region. The medullary region in the ovary exhibits morphological and functional diversity among mammalian species that ranges from ovary-like to testis-like characteristics. This review focuses on the mechanism of gonadal sex differentiation along the cortical-medullary axis and compares the features of the cortical and medullary regions of the ovary in mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Imaimatsu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Aya Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- RIKEN BioResouce Research Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hiramatsu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Yoshiakira Kanai
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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17
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Hao X, Zhang S, Li P, Huang J, Yuan Z, Tan J. Amniotic membrane extract-enriched hydrogel augments the therapeutic effect of menstrual blood-derived stromal cells in a rat model of intrauterine adhesion. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213165. [PMID: 36341744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that transplantation of menstrual blood-derived stromal cells (MenSCs) is a safe and effective therapy for treating intrauterine adhesions (IUA). However, improving the colonization and therapeutic efficiency of MenSCs is still needed before full clinical application. Here, we established an amniotic membrane extract (AME)-enriched RGD hydrogel, and evaluated the therapeutic effect of this adjuvant combined with MenSCs transplantation in an IUA rat model. Our results indicated that AME promoted the proliferation and secretion of MenSCs in vitro, up-regulated the expression of apoptosis-suppressing gene BCL2 and down-regulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes Caspase-3 and Caspase-8. The AME-enriched hydrogel was biocompatible, and improved the survival of MenSCs in vitro and in vivo. It also promoted the retention of MenSCs in IUA uterus and augmented the effects of MenSCs on improving uterus morphology, endometrial proliferation, endometrial receptivity and fibrosis suppression. In addition, co-transplantation of MenSCs with AME-enriched hydrogel markedly down-regulated the expressions of inflammation-related genes IL10 and TGFβ while up-regulated the IL4/IFN-γ ratio in the IUA endometrium, and improved the expressions of cell proliferation-related antigen, gland-regeneration-related marker leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), angiogenesis-related marker platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM1), endometrial receptivity related genes ITGα5 and ITGβ3. Our study suggested that AME and MenSCs had a synergistic effect. Co-transplantation of MenSCs with AME-enriched hydrogel provided a promising approach for stem cell-based IUA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Hao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Siwen Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - John Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, TheWell Bioscience, North Brunswick, New Jersey, 08902 United States
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 117004, China
| | - Jichun Tan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110022, China.
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18
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Xia A, Udagawa T, Quiñones PM, Atkinson PJ, Applegate BE, Cheng AG, Oghalai JS. The impact of targeted ablation of one row of outer hair cells and Deiters' cells on cochlear amplification. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:1365-1373. [PMID: 36259670 PMCID: PMC9678430 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00501.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cochlea contains three rows of outer hair cells (OHCs) that amplify the basilar membrane traveling wave with high gain and exquisite tuning. The pattern of OHC loss caused by typical methods of producing hearing loss in animal models (noise, ototoxic exposure, or aging) is variable and not consistent along the length of the cochlea. Thus, it is difficult to use these approaches to understand how forces from multiple OHCs summate to create normal cochlear amplification. Here, we selectively removed the third row of OHCs and Deiters' cells in adult mice and measured cochlear amplification. In the mature cochlear epithelia, expression of the Wnt target gene Lgr5 is restricted to the third row of Deiters' cells, the supporting cells directly underneath the OHCs. Diphtheria toxin administration to Lgr5DTR-EGFP/+ mice selectively ablated the third row of Deiters' cells and the third row of OHCs. Basilar membrane vibration in vivo demonstrated disproportionately lower reduction in cochlear amplification by about 13.5 dB. On a linear scale, this means that the 33% reduction in OHC number led to a 79% reduction in gain. Thus, these experimental data describe the impact of reducing the force of cochlear amplification by a specific amount. Furthermore, these data argue that because OHC forces progressively and sequentially amplify the traveling wave as it travels to its peak, the loss of even a relatively small number of OHCs, when evenly distributed longitudinally, will cause a substantial reduction in cochlear amplification.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Normal cochlear physiology involves force production from three rows of outer hair cells to amplify and tune the traveling wave. Here, we used a genetic approach to target and ablate the third row of outer hair cells in the mouse cochlea and found it reduced cochlear amplification by 79%. This means that the loss of even a relatively small number of OHCs, when evenly distributed, causes a substantial reduction in cochlear amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Tomokatsu Udagawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patricia M Quiñones
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick J Atkinson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Brian E Applegate
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Denney Research Center (DRB) 140, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - John S Oghalai
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Denney Research Center (DRB) 140, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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19
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Li SY, Bhandary B, Gu X, DeFalco T. Perivascular cells support folliculogenesis in the developing ovary. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2213026119. [PMID: 36194632 PMCID: PMC9564831 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213026119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Supporting cells of the ovary, termed granulosa cells, are essential for ovarian differentiation and oogenesis by providing a nurturing environment for oocyte maintenance and maturation. Granulosa cells are specified in the fetal and perinatal ovary, and sufficient numbers of granulosa cells are critical for the establishment of follicles and the oocyte reserve. Identifying the cellular source from which granulosa cells and their progenitors are derived is an integral part of efforts to understand basic ovarian biology and the etiology of female infertility. In particular, the contribution of mesenchymal cells, especially perivascular cells, to ovarian development is poorly understood but is likely to be a source of new information regarding ovarian function. Here we have identified a cell population in the fetal ovary, which is a Nestin-expressing perivascular cell type. Using lineage tracing and ex vivo organ culture methods, we determined that perivascular cells are multipotent progenitors that contribute to granulosa, thecal, and pericyte cell lineages in the ovary. Maintenance of these progenitors is dependent on ovarian vasculature, likely reliant on endothelial-mesenchymal Notch signaling interactions. Depletion of Nestin+ progenitors resulted in a disruption of granulosa cell specification and in an increased number of germ cell cysts that fail to break down, leading to polyovular ovarian follicles. These findings highlight a cell population in the ovary and uncover a key role for vasculature in ovarian differentiation, which may lead to insights into the origins of female gonad dysgenesis and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yun Li
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Bidur Bhandary
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Xiaowei Gu
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
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20
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McKey J, Anbarci DN, Bunce C, Ontiveros AE, Behringer RR, Capel B. Integration of mouse ovary morphogenesis with developmental dynamics of the oviduct, ovarian ligaments, and rete ovarii. eLife 2022; 11:e81088. [PMID: 36165446 PMCID: PMC9621696 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphogenetic events during the development of the fetal ovary are crucial to the establishment of female fertility. However, the effects of structural rearrangements of the ovary and surrounding reproductive tissues on ovary morphogenesis remain largely uncharacterized. Using tissue clearing and lightsheet microscopy, we found that ovary folding correlated with regionalization into cortex and medulla. Relocation of the oviduct to the ventral aspect of the ovary led to ovary encapsulation, and mutual attachment of the ovary and oviduct to the cranial suspensory ligament likely triggered ovary folding. During this process, the rete ovarii (RO) elaborated into a convoluted tubular structure extending from the ovary into the ovarian capsule. Using genetic mouse models in which the oviduct and RO are perturbed, we found the oviduct is required for ovary encapsulation. This study reveals novel relationships among the ovary and surrounding tissues and paves the way for functional investigation of the relationship between architecture and differentiation of the mammalian ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McKey
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Dilara N Anbarci
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Corey Bunce
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Alejandra E Ontiveros
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Richard R Behringer
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
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21
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Colozza G, Park SY, Koo BK. Clone wars: From molecules to cell competition in intestinal stem cell homeostasis and disease. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1367-1378. [PMID: 36117218 PMCID: PMC9534868 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine is among the fastest self-renewing tissues in adult mammals. This rapid turnover is fueled by the intestinal stem cells residing in the intestinal crypt. Wnt signaling plays a pivotal role in regulating intestinal stem cell renewal and differentiation, and the dysregulation of this pathway leads to cancer formation. Several studies demonstrate that intestinal stem cells follow neutral drift dynamics, as they divide symmetrically to generate other equipotent stem cells. Competition for niche space and extrinsic signals in the intestinal crypt is the governing mechanism that regulates stemness versus cell differentiation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood, and it is not yet clear how this process changes during disease. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms that regulate stem cell homeostasis in the small intestine, focusing on Wnt signaling and its regulation by RNF43 and ZNRF3, key inhibitors of the Wnt pathway. Furthermore, we summarize the evidence supporting the current model of intestinal stem cell regulation, highlighting the principles of neutral drift at the basis of intestinal stem cell homeostasis. Finally, we discuss recent studies showing how cancer cells bypass this mechanism to gain a competitive advantage against neighboring normal cells. Stem cells in the gut rapidly renew themselves through processes that cancer cells co-opt to trigger tumor development. Gabriele Colozza from the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology in Vienna, Austria, and colleagues review how a network of critical molecular signals and competition for limited space help to regulate the dynamics of stem cells in the intestines. The correct balance between self-renewal and differentiation is tightly controlled by the so-called Wnt signaling pathway and its inhibitors. Competition between dividing cells in the intestinal crypts, the locations between finger-like protrusions in the gut where stem cells are found, provides another protective mechanism against runaway stem cell growth. However, intestinal cancer cells, thanks to their activating mutations, bypass these safeguards to gain a survival advantage. Drugs that target these ‘super-competitive’ behaviors could therefore help combat tumor proliferation.
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22
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The programmed death of fetal oocytes and the correlated surveillance mechanisms. REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/rd9.0000000000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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23
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Endometrial stem/progenitor cells: Properties, origins, and functions. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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24
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Liu M, Hummitzsch K, Bastian NA, Hartanti MD, Wan Q, Irving-Rodgers HF, Anderson RA, Rodgers RJ. Isolation, culture, and characterisation of bovine ovarian fetal fibroblasts and gonadal ridge epithelial-like cells and comparison to their adult counterparts. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268467. [PMID: 35802560 PMCID: PMC9269465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During ovarian development, gonadal ridge epithelial-like (GREL) cells arise from the epithelial cells of the ventral surface of the mesonephros. They ultimately develop into follicular granulosa cells or into ovarian surface epithelial cells. Stromal fibroblasts arise from the mesonephros and penetrate the ovary. We developed methods for isolating and culturing fetal ovarian GREL cells and ovarian fibroblasts by expansion of colonies without passage. In culture, these two cell types were morphologically different. We examined the expression profile of 34 genes by qRT-PCR, of which 24 genes had previously been studied in whole fetal ovaries. Expression of nine of the 10 newly-examined genes in fetal ovaries correlated with gestational age (MUC1, PKP2, CCNE1 and CCNE2 negatively; STAR, COL4A1, GJA1, LAMB2 and HSD17B1 positively). Comparison between GREL cells and fetal fibroblasts revealed higher expression of KRT19, PKP2, OCLN, MUC1, ESR1 and LGR5 and lower expression of GJA1, FOXL2, NR2F2, FBN1, COL1A1, NR5A1, CCND2, CCNE1 and ALDH1A1. Expression of CCND2, CCNE1, CCNE2, ESR2 and TGFBR1 was higher in the fetal fibroblasts than in adult fibroblasts; FBN1 was lower. Expression of OCLN, MUC1, LAMB2, NR5A1, ESR1, ESR2, and TGFBR3 was lower in GREL cells than ovarian surface epithelial cells. Expression of KRT19, DSG2, PKP2, OCLN, MUC1, FBN1, COL1A1, COL3A1, STAR and TGFBR2 was higher and GJA1, CTNNB1, LAMB2, NR5A1, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, CYP19A1, HSD17B1, FOXL2, ESR1, ESR2, TGFBR3 and CCND2 was lower in GREL cells compared to granulosa cells. TGFβ1 altered the expression of COL1A1, COL3A1 and FBN1 in fetal fibroblasts and epidermal growth factor altered the expression of FBN1 and COL1A1. In summary, the two major somatic cell types of the developing ovary have distinct gene expression profiles. They, especially GREL cells, also differ from the cells they ultimately differentiate in to. The regulation of cell fate determination, particularly of the bi-potential GREL cells, remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghe Liu
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katja Hummitzsch
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nicole A. Bastian
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Monica D. Hartanti
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Qianhui Wan
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Helen F. Irving-Rodgers
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard A. Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond J. Rodgers
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- * E-mail:
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25
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Differential epithelial and stromal LGR5 expression in ovarian carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11200. [PMID: 35778589 PMCID: PMC9249864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lgr5 has been identified as a marker of the stem/progenitor cells in the murine ovary and oviduct by lineage tracing. However, little is known regarding LGR5 expression or its functional significance in human ovary tissues. Here, using RNA in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry, we thoroughly investigated LGR5 expression in normal human ovaries, fallopian tubes and various ovarian tumors. We discovered that LGR5 expression is negligible in the human ovary surface epithelium, whereas ovarian stromal cells normally express low levels of LGR5. Remarkably, fallopian tube epithelium, inclusion cysts and serous cystadenomas with a Müllerian phenotype expressed high levels of LGR5, and LGR5 expression was restricted to PAX8+/FOXJ1- secretory cells of the tubal epithelium. Strong stromal LGR5 expression without epithelial LGR5 expression was consistently observed in the path from serous cystadenoma to serous borderline tumor to low grade serous carcinoma (LGSC). Unlike LGSC, high grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), clear cell carcinoma, endometrioid carcinomas displayed various epithelial-stromal LGR5 expression. Notably, high levels of LGR5 expression were observed in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma, which slightly declined in invasive HGSC. LGR5 expression was significantly associated with improved progression-free survival in HGSC patients. Moreover, in vitro assays demonstrated that LGR5 expression suppressed tumor proliferation and migratory capabilities. Taken together, these findings indicate a tumor-suppressive role for LGR5 in the progression of HGSC.
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26
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Wang C, Gao Y, Liang W, Lu Y, Zhang K, Wu D, Zhuang Z, Li K, Qiao Z, Xi H, Chen L. Rspondin-1 contributes to the progression and stemness of gastric cancer by LGR5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 627:91-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Targeted ablation of Lgr5-expressing intestinal stem cells in diphtheria toxin receptor-based mouse and organoid models. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101411. [PMID: 35620071 PMCID: PMC9127205 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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28
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Han L, Wei X, Liu C, Volpe G, Zhuang Z, Zou X, Wang Z, Pan T, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Fan P, Guo P, Lai Y, Lei Y, Liu X, Yu F, Shangguan S, Lai G, Deng Q, Liu Y, Wu L, Shi Q, Yu H, Huang Y, Cheng M, Xu J, Liu Y, Wang M, Wang C, Zhang Y, Xie D, Yang Y, Yu Y, Zheng H, Wei Y, Huang F, Lei J, Huang W, Zhu Z, Lu H, Wang B, Wei X, Chen F, Yang T, Du W, Chen J, Xu S, An J, Ward C, Wang Z, Pei Z, Wong CW, Liu X, Zhang H, Liu M, Qin B, Schambach A, Isern J, Feng L, Liu Y, Guo X, Liu Z, Sun Q, Maxwell PH, Barker N, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Gu Y, Mulder J, Uhlen M, Tan T, Liu S, Yang H, Wang J, Hou Y, Xu X, Esteban MA, Liu L. Cell transcriptomic atlas of the non-human primate Macaca fascicularis. Nature 2022; 604:723-731. [PMID: 35418686 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studying tissue composition and function in non-human primates (NHPs) is crucial to understand the nature of our own species. Here we present a large-scale cell transcriptomic atlas that encompasses over 1 million cells from 45 tissues of the adult NHP Macaca fascicularis. This dataset provides a vast annotated resource to study a species phylogenetically close to humans. To demonstrate the utility of the atlas, we have reconstructed the cell-cell interaction networks that drive Wnt signalling across the body, mapped the distribution of receptors and co-receptors for viruses causing human infectious diseases, and intersected our data with human genetic disease orthologues to establish potential clinical associations. Our M. fascicularis cell atlas constitutes an essential reference for future studies in humans and NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Giacomo Volpe
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Zhenkun Zhuang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Taotao Pan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengcheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiwei Lai
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuncheng Shangguan
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Lai
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuting Deng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Shi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hao Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunting Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengnan Cheng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangshan Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chunqing Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Xie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhi Yang
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yeya Yu
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Wei
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fubaoqian Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Lei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Waidong Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haorong Lu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengzhen Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wensi Du
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shibo Xu
- Institute for Stem Cells and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan An
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Carl Ward
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongren Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baoming Qin
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell Fate, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, USA
| | - Joan Isern
- Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cells and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Hubei Topgene Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick H Maxwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Barker
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), ICREA and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jan Mulder
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Hou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China. .,BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China. .,Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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29
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Ulrich ND, Shen YC, Ma Q, Yang K, Hannum DF, Jones A, Machlin J, Randolph JF, Smith YR, Schon SB, Shikanov A, Marsh EE, Lieberman R, Gurczynski SJ, Moore BB, Li JZ, Hammoud S. Cellular heterogeneity of human fallopian tubes in normal and hydrosalpinx disease states identified using scRNA-seq. Dev Cell 2022; 57:914-929.e7. [PMID: 35320732 PMCID: PMC9007916 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fallopian tube (FT) homeostasis requires dynamic regulation of heterogeneous cell populations and is disrupted in infertility and ovarian cancer. Here, we applied single-cell RNA-seq to profile 59,738 FT cells from four healthy, pre-menopausal subjects. The resulting cell atlas contains 12 major cell types representing epithelial, stromal, and immune compartments. Re-clustering of epithelial cells identified four ciliated and six non-ciliated secretory epithelial subtypes, two of which represent potential progenitor pools: one leading to mature secretory cells and the other contributing to either ciliated cells or one of the stromal cell types. To understand how FT cell numbers and states change in a disease state, we analyzed 17,798 cells from two hydrosalpinx samples and observed shifts in epithelial and stromal populations and cell-type-specific changes in extracellular matrix and TGF-β signaling; this underscores fibrosis pathophysiology. This resource is expected to facilitate future studies aimed at expanding understanding of fallopian tube homeostasis in normal development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Ulrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Shen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Qianyi Ma
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D Ford Hannum
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jordan Machlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John F Randolph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yolanda R Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samantha B Schon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ariella Shikanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erica E Marsh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard Lieberman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen J Gurczynski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Sue Hammoud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Oncogenic Events Dictate the Types and Locations of Gynecological Malignancies Originating from Krt8+ Mesothelial and Müllerian-Derived Epithelial Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030841. [PMID: 35159108 PMCID: PMC8834519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian and uterine cancers are the most common gynecological malignancies in women. The early detection, prevention, and treatment of these gynecological cancers can benefit from a better understanding of how tumor-initiating cells in them are formed from their corresponding target cell populations in the female reproductive system. To study this, we utilized a genetic approach in mice to introduce driver mutations commonly found in these cancers to Keratin 8 positive (K8+) mesothelial and epithelial cells in the ovary, fallopian tube, and uterus. We found that p53-loss appears to preferentially affect K8+ epithelial cells, leading to the development of uterine and ovarian malignancies, whereas PTEN-loss may preferentially affect mesothelial cells, leading to the development of ovarian endometrioid malignancies or adenoma on the fallopian tube surface. Collectively, our data suggest that oncogenic driver mutations may dominantly determine the locations and types of gynecological malignancies developed from K8+ mesothelial and epithelial cells in the female reproductive system. Abstract Ovarian and uterine cancers are the most prevalent types of gynecological malignancies originating from mesothelial and/or Müllerian-derived epithelial cells. Recent genomic studies have identified common mutations in them that affect signaling pathways such as p53, PTEN/PI3K, RAS, and WNT pathways. However, how these mutations and their corresponding deregulated pathways affect gynecological cancer development from their cells-of-origin remains largely elusive. To address this, we performed the intrabursal injection of Cre-expressing adenovirus under the control of Krt8 promoter (Ad-K8-Cre) to mice carrying combinations of various conditional alleles for cancer genes. We found that Ad-K8-Cre specifically targeted mesothelial cells, including ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells (mainly the LGR5+ subset of OSE cells) and mesothelial cells lining the fallopian tube (FT) serosa; the injected Ad-K8-Cre also targeted Müllerian-derived epithelial cells, including FT epithelial cells and uterine endometrial epithelial cells. The loss of p53 may preferentially affect Müllerian-derived epithelial cells, leading to the development of uterine and ovarian malignancies, whereas PTEN-loss may preferentially affect mesothelial cells, leading to the development of ovarian endometrioid malignancies (upon KRAS-activation or APC-loss) or adenoma on the FT surface (upon DICER-loss). Overall, our data suggest that different Krt8+ mesothelial and epithelial cell types in the female reproductive system may have different sensitivities toward oncogenic mutations and, as a result, oncogenic events may dominantly determine the locations and types of the gynecological malignancies developed from them.
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Lim J, Ramesh A, Shioda T, Leon Parada K, Luderer U. Sex Differences in Embryonic Gonad Transcriptomes and Benzo[a]pyrene Metabolite Levels After Transplacental Exposure. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqab228. [PMID: 34734245 PMCID: PMC8633617 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are generated during incomplete combustion of organic materials. Prior research has demonstrated that BaP is a prenatal ovarian toxicant and carcinogen. However, the metabolic pathways active in the embryo and its developing gonads and the mechanisms by which prenatal exposure to BaP predisposes to ovarian tumors later in life remain to be fully elucidated. To address these data gaps, we orally dosed pregnant female mice with BaP from embryonic day (E) 6.5 to E11.5 (0, 0.2, or 2 mg/kg/day) for metabolite measurement or E9.5 to E11.5 (0 or 3.33 mg/kg/day) for embryonic gonad RNA sequencing. Embryos were harvested at E13.5 for both experiments. The sum of BaP metabolite concentrations increased significantly with dose in the embryos and placentas, and concentrations were significantly higher in female than male embryos and in embryos than placentas. RNA sequencing revealed that enzymes involved in metabolic activation of BaP are expressed at moderate to high levels in embryonic gonads and that greater transcriptomic changes occurred in the ovaries in response to BaP than in the testes. We identified 490 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with false discovery rate P-values < 0.05 when comparing BaP-exposed to control ovaries but no statistically significant DEGs between BaP-exposed and control testes. Genes related to monocyte/macrophage recruitment and activity, prolactin family genes, and several keratin genes were among the most upregulated genes in the BaP-exposed ovaries. Results show that developing ovaries are more sensitive than testes to prenatal BaP exposure, which may be related to higher concentrations of BaP metabolites in female embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aramandla Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Massachusetts General Center for Cancer Research and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen Leon Parada
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ulrike Luderer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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32
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Leemans B, Bromfield EG, Stout TAE, Vos M, Van Der Ham H, Van Beek R, Van Soom A, Gadella BM, Henning H. Developing a reproducible protocol for culturing functional confluent monolayers of differentiated equine oviduct epithelial cells. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:710-729. [PMID: 34962550 PMCID: PMC9040661 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the development of two methods for obtaining confluent monolayers of polarized, differentiated equine oviduct epithelial cells (EOEC) in Transwell inserts and microfluidic chips. EOECs from the ampulla were isolated post-mortem and seeded either (1) directly onto a microporous membrane as differentiated EOECs (direct seeding protocol) or (2) first cultured to a confluent de-differentiated monolayer in conventional wells, then trypsinized and seeded onto a microporous membrane (re-differentiation protocol). Maintenance or induction of EOEC differentiation in these systems was achieved by air-liquid interface introduction. Monolayers cultured via both protocols were characterized by columnar, cytokeratin 19-positive EOECs in Transwell inserts. However, only the re-differentiation protocol could be transferred successfully to the microfluidic chips. Integrity of the monolayers was confirmed by transepithelial resistance measurements, tracer flux and the demonstration of an intimate network of tight junctions. Using the direct protocol, 28% of EOECs showed secondary cilia at the apical surface in a diffuse pattern. In contrast, re-differentiated polarized EOECs rarely showed secondary cilia in either culture system (>90% of the monolayers showed <1% ciliated EOECs). Occasionally (5-10%), re-differentiated monolayers with 11-27% EOECs with secondary cilia in a diffuse pattern were obtained. Additionally, nuclear progesterone receptor expression was found to be inhibited by simulated luteal phase hormone concentrations, and sperm binding to cilia was higher for re-differentiated EOEC monolayers exposed to estrogen-progesterone concentrations mimicking the follicular rather than luteal phase. Overall, a functional equine oviduct model was established with close morphological resemblance to in vivo oviduct epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Leemans
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.,Departments of Clinical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Tom A E Stout
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Mabel Vos
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Van Der Ham
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Ramada Van Beek
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Bart M Gadella
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.,Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Heiko Henning
- Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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33
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Tempest N, Hill CJ, Maclean A, Marston K, Powell SG, Al-Lamee H, Hapangama DK. Novel microarchitecture of human endometrial glands: implications in endometrial regeneration and pathologies. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 28:153-171. [PMID: 34875046 PMCID: PMC8888994 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human endometrium remains a poorly understood tissue of the female reproductive tract. The superficial endometrial functionalis, the site of embryo implantation, is repeatedly shed with menstruation, and the stem cell-rich deeper basalis is postulated to be responsible for the regeneration of the functionalis. Two recent manuscripts have demonstrated the 3D architecture of endometrial glands. These manuscripts have challenged and replaced the prevailing concept that these glands end in blind pouches in the basalis layer that contain stem cells in crypts, as in the intestinal mucosa, providing a new paradigm for endometrial glandular anatomy. This necessitates re-evaluation of the available evidence on human endometrial regeneration in both health and disease in the context of this previously unknown endometrial glandular arrangement. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this review is to determine if the recently discovered glandular arrangement provides plausible explanations for previously unanswered questions related to human endometrial biology. Specifically, it will focus on re-appraising the theories related to endometrial regeneration, location of stem/progenitor cells and endometrial pathologies in the context of this recently unravelled endometrial glandular organization. SEARCH METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted from inception to April 2021 using multiple databases, including PubMed/Web of Science/EMBASE/Scopus, to select studies using keywords applied to endometrial glandular anatomy and regeneration, and the references included in selected publications were also screened. All relevant publications were included. OUTCOMES The human endometrial glands have a unique and complex architecture; branched basalis glands proceed in a horizontal course adjacent to the myometrium, as opposed to the non-branching, vertically coiled functionalis glands, which run parallel to each other as is observed in intestinal crypts. This complex network of mycelium-like, interconnected basalis glands is demonstrated to contain endometrial epithelial stem cells giving rise to single, non-branching functionalis glands. Several previous studies that have tried to confirm the existence of epithelial stem cells have used methodologies that prevent sampling of the stem cell-rich basalis. More recent findings have provided insight into the efficient regeneration of the human endometrium, which is preferentially evolved in humans and menstruating upper-order primates. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The unique physiological organization of the human endometrial glandular element, its relevance to stem cell activity and scarless endometrial regeneration will inform reproductive biologists and clinicians to direct their future research to determine disease-specific alterations in glandular anatomy in a variety of endometrial pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tempest
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Women's Health Research, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK.,Hewitt Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher J Hill
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Women's Health Research, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alison Maclean
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Women's Health Research, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kathleen Marston
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Women's Health Research, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon G Powell
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Women's Health Research, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hannan Al-Lamee
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Women's Health Research, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK.,Hewitt Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dharani K Hapangama
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Women's Health Research, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
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A tumour-resident Lgr5 + stem-cell-like pool drives the establishment and progression of advanced gastric cancers. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:1299-1313. [PMID: 34857912 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is among the most prevalent and deadliest of cancers globally. To derive mechanistic insight into the pathways governing this disease, we generated a Claudin18-IRES-CreERT2 allele to selectively drive conditional dysregulation of the Wnt, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and Trp53 pathways within the gastric epithelium. This resulted in highly reproducible metastatic, chromosomal-instable-type gastric cancer. In parallel, we developed orthotopic cancer organoid transplantation models to evaluate tumour-resident Lgr5+ populations as functional cancer stem cells via in vivo ablation. We show that Cldn18 tumours accurately recapitulate advanced human gastric cancer in terms of disease morphology, aberrant gene expression, molecular markers and sites of distant metastases. Importantly, we establish that tumour-resident Lgr5+ stem-like cells are critical to the initiation and maintenance of tumour burden and are obligatory for the establishment of metastases. These models will be invaluable for deriving clinically relevant mechanistic insights into cancer progression and as preclinical models for evaluating therapeutic targets.
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35
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Lin Y, Wei Y, Jiang M, Tang X, Huang F, Yang X. Organoid culture of mouse fallopian tube epithelial stem cells with a thermo-reversible gelation polymer. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101622. [PMID: 34454367 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) thermo-reversible gelation polymer (TGP) culture system was established for organoid culture of mouse fallopian tube (FT) epithelial stem cells (FTESCs) without cell isolation. FT tissues from 6- to 8-week-old ICR mice were digested with collagenase, and whole FT cells (FTCs) were inoculated into the TGP. After 6 days of culture, many spheres in the TGP formed. Some cells in the spheres were positive for 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), a marker of cell proliferation. Furthermore, all the spheres that formed in the TGP were also labelled for EpCAM and LGR5. Some cells in the spheres were stained for PAX8, a secretory cell marker, and fewer cells were labelled with TUBB4, a ciliated cell marker. These results indicate that the 3D TGP culture system is a useful tool for organoid culture of FTESCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- YunXiu Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, PR China.
| | - YuZhen Wei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, PR China.
| | - MingZhu Jiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, PR China.
| | - Xuan Tang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, PR China.
| | - Feng Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, PR China.
| | - XinZhi Yang
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, PR China.
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36
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Juárez-Mercado AP, Chávez-Genaro R, Fiordelisio T, González-Gallardo A, Díaz-Muñoz M, Vázquez-Cuevas FG. Functional expression of P2Y2 receptors in mouse ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:758-770. [PMID: 34694051 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) is a cell monolayer surrounding the ovary; it is involved in the regulation of the ovulatory process and the genesis of ovarian carcinoma. However, intercellular messengers regulating signaling events, like proliferation in the OSE, have not been completely described. Purines have emerged as novel intercellular messengers in the ovary, in which expression of purinergic receptors has been reported in different cell types. In the present work, we described the functional expression of P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R), a purinergic receptor widely associated with cell proliferation, in the OSE. The expression of P2Y2R by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, and its functionality by Ca2+ recording was demonstrated in primary cultured OSE. Functional expression of P2Y2R was also exhibited in situ, by recording of intracellular Ca2+ release and detection of ERK phosphorylation after injection of a selective agonist into the ovarian bursa. Furthermore, P2Y2R activation with UTPγS, in situ, induced cell proliferation at 24 h, whereas continuous stimulation of P2Y2R during a complete estrous cycle significantly modified the size distribution of the follicular population. This is the first evidence of the functional expression of purinergic P2Y2R in the OSE and opens new perspectives on the roles played by purines in ovarian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patricia Juárez-Mercado
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Rebeca Chávez-Genaro
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Tatiana Fiordelisio
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, México
| | - Adriana González-Gallardo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Francisco G Vázquez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
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Tan X, Zhang L, Li T, Zhan J, Qiao K, Wu H, Sun S, Huang M, Zhang F, Zhang M, Li C, Li R, Pan H. Lgr4 Regulates Oviductal Epithelial Secretion Through the WNT Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:666303. [PMID: 34631693 PMCID: PMC8497904 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.666303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway plays a crucial role in oviduct/fallopian development. However, the specific physiological processes regulated by the WNT pathway in the fallopian/oviduct function remain obscure. Benefiting from the Lgr4 knockout mouse model, we report the regulation of oviduct epithelial secretion by LGR4. Specifically, the loss of Lgr4 altered the mouse oviduct size and weight, severely reduced the number of oviductal epithelial cells, and ultimately impaired the epithelial secretion. These alterations were mediated by a failure of CTNNB1 protein accumulation in the oviductal epithelial cytoplasm, by the modulation of WNT pathways, and subsequently by a profound change of the gene expression profile of epithelial cells. In addition, selective activation of the WNT pathway triggered the expression of steroidogenic genes, like Cyp11a1 and 3β-Hsd1, through the activation of the transcriptional factor NR5A2 in an oviduct primary cell culture system. As demonstrated, the LGR4 protein modulates a WNT-NR5A2 signaling cascade facilitating epithelial secretory cell maturation and steroidogenesis to safeguard oviduct development and function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tan
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Zhan
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haili Wu
- Shanghai Endangered Species Conservation and Research Centre, Shanghai Zoo, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenfei Sun
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meina Huang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangxi Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meixing Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changwei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases With Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Runsheng Li
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjie Pan
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mirzaei S, Abadi AJ, Gholami MH, Hashemi F, Zabolian A, Hushmandi K, Zarrabi A, Entezari M, Aref AR, Khan H, Ashrafizadeh M, Samarghandian S. The involvement of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in doxorubicin resistance: Possible molecular targets. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174344. [PMID: 34270987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Considering the fact that cancer cells can switch among various molecular pathways and mechanisms to ensure their progression, chemotherapy is no longer effective enough in cancer therapy. As an anti-tumor agent, doxorubicin (DOX) is derived from Streptomyces peucetius and can induce cytotoxicity by binding to topoisomerase enzymes to suppress DNA replication, leading to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, efficacy of DOX in suppressing cancer progression is restricted by development of drug resistance. Cancer cells elevate their metastasis in triggering DOX resistance. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism participates in transforming epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells that have fibroblast-like features. The EMT diminishes intercellular adhesion and enhances migration of cells that are necessary for carcinogenesis. Various oncogenic molecular pathways stimulate EMT in cancer. EMT can induce DOX resistance, and in this way, upstream mediators such as ZEB proteins, microRNAs, Twist1 and TGF-β play a significant role. Identification of molecular pathways involved in EMT regulation and DOX resistance has resulted in using gene therapy such as microRNA transfection and siRNA in overcoming chemoresistance. Furthermore, curcumin and formononetin, owing to their cytotoxicity against cancer cells, can suppress EMT in mediating DOX sensitivity. For promoting efficacy in DOX sensitivity, nanoparticles have been developed for boosting ability in EMT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Jalal Abadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Lee HJ, Myung JK, Kim HS, Lee DH, Go HS, Choi JH, Koh HM, Lee SJ, Jang B. Expression of LGR5 in mammary myoepithelial cells and in triple-negative breast cancers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17750. [PMID: 34493772 PMCID: PMC8423726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage tracing in mice indicates that LGR5 is an adult stem cell marker in multiple organs, such as the intestine, stomach, hair follicles, ovary, and mammary glands. Despite many studies exploring the presence of LGR5 cells in human tissues, little is known about its expression profile in either human mammary tissue or pathological lesions. In this study we aim to investigate LGR5 expression in normal, benign, and malignant lesions of the human breast using RNA in situ hybridization. LGR5 expression has not been observed in normal lactiferous ducts and terminal duct lobular units, whereas LGR5-positive cells have been specifically observed in the basal myoepithelium of ducts in the regenerative tissues, ductal carcinoma in situ, and in ducts surrounded by invasive cancer cells. These findings suggest LGR5 marks facultative stem cells that are involved in post injury regeneration instead of homeostatic stem cells. LGR5 positivity was found in 3% (9 of 278 cases) of invasive breast cancers (BC), and it showed positive associations with higher histologic grades (P = 0.001) and T stages (P < 0.001), while having negative correlations with estrogen receptor (P < 0.001) and progesterone receptor (P < 0.001) expression. Remarkably, all LGR5-positive BC, except one, belong to triple-negative BC (TNBC), representing 24% (9 of 38 cases) of all of them. LGR5 histoscores have no correlations with EGFR, CK5/6, Ki-67, or P53 expression. Additionally, no β-catenin nuclear localization was observed in LGR5-positive BC, indicating that canonical Wnt pathway activation is less likely involved in LGR5 expression in BC. Our results demonstrate that LGR5 expression is induced in regenerative conditions in the myoepithelium of human mammary ducts and that its expression is only observed in TNBC subtype among all invasive BC. Further studies regarding the functional and prognostic impact of LGR5 in TNBC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine and Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Myung
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Dong Hui Lee
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University Hospital, Aran 13 gil 15, Jeju city, Jeju, 63241, Korea
| | - Hyun Su Go
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyuck Choi
- Department of Surgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Min Koh
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bogun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University Hospital, Aran 13 gil 15, Jeju city, Jeju, 63241, Korea.
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40
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Ford MJ, Harwalkar K, Pacis AS, Maunsell H, Wang YC, Badescu D, Teng K, Yamanaka N, Bouchard M, Ragoussis J, Yamanaka Y. Oviduct epithelial cells constitute two developmentally distinct lineages that are spatially separated along the distal-proximal axis. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109677. [PMID: 34496237 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to technical advances in single-cell biology, the appreciation of cellular heterogeneity has increased, which has aided our understanding of organ function, homeostasis, and disease progression. The oviduct (also known as the fallopian tube) is the distalmost portion of the female reproductive tract. It is essential for reproduction and the proposed origin of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). In mammals, the oviduct is morphologically segmented along the ovary-uterus axis into four evolutionally conserved regions. It is unclear, however, if there is a diversification of epithelial cell characteristics between these regions. In this study, we identify transcriptionally distinct populations of secretory and multiciliated cells restricted to the distal and proximal regions of the oviduct. We demonstrate that distal and proximal populations are distinct lineages specified early in Müllerian duct development and are maintained separately. These results aid our understanding of epithelial development, homeostasis, and initiation of disease from the oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Ford
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Keerthana Harwalkar
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alain S Pacis
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics (C3G), Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A4, Canada
| | - Helen Maunsell
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Yu Chang Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A OC7, Canada; McGill University and Genome Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 1A4, Canada
| | - Dunarel Badescu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A OC7, Canada; McGill University and Genome Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 1A4, Canada
| | - Katie Teng
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Nobuko Yamanaka
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Maxime Bouchard
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A OC7, Canada; McGill University and Genome Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 1A4, Canada; Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Yojiro Yamanaka
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
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41
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Soygur B, Laird DJ. Ovary Development: Insights From a Three-Dimensional Imaging Revolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:698315. [PMID: 34381780 PMCID: PMC8351467 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovary is an indispensable unit of female reproduction and health. However, the study of ovarian function in mammals is hindered by unique challenges, which include the desynchronized development of oocytes, irregular distribution and vast size discrepancy of follicles, and dynamic tissue remodeling during each hormonal cycle. Overcoming the limitations of traditional histology, recent advances in optical tissue clearing and three-dimensional (3D) visualization offer an advanced platform to explore the architecture of intact organs at a single cell level and reveal new relationships and levels of organization. Here we summarize the development and function of ovarian compartments that have been delineated by conventional two-dimensional (2D) methods and the limits of what can be learned by these approaches. We compare types of optical tissue clearing, 3D analysis technologies, and their application to the mammalian ovary. We discuss how 3D modeling of the ovary has extended our knowledge and propose future directions to unravel ovarian structure toward therapeutic applications for ovarian disease and extending female reproductive lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana J. Laird
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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42
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Changes in Stem Cell Regulation and Epithelial Organisation during Carcinogenesis and Disease Progression in Gynaecological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133349. [PMID: 34283069 PMCID: PMC8268501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent advances in our understanding of the stem cell potential in adult tissues have far-reaching implications for cancer research, and this creates new opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here we outline changes in stem cell biology that characterize main gynaecological malignancies, ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer, and focus on specific differences between them. We highlight the importance of the local niche environment as a driver of malignant transformation in addition to mutations in key cancer-driving genes. Patient-derived organoids capture in vitro main aspects of cancer tissue architecture and stemness regulatory mechanisms, thus providing a valuable new platform for a personalized approach in the treatment of gynecological malignancies. This review summarizes the main achievement and formulates remaining open questions in this fast-evolving research field. Abstract Gynaecological malignancies represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with vastly different aetiology, risk factors, molecular drivers, and disease outcomes. From HPV-driven cervical cancer where early screening and molecular diagnostics efficiently reduced the number of advanced-stage diagnosis, prevalent and relatively well-treated endometrial cancers, to highly aggressive and mostly lethal high-grade serous ovarian cancer, malignancies of the female genital tract have unique presentations and distinct cell biology features. Recent discoveries of stem cell regulatory mechanisms, development of organoid cultures, and NGS analysis have provided valuable insights into the basic biology of these cancers that could help advance new-targeted therapeutic approaches. This review revisits new findings on stemness and differentiation, considering main challenges and open questions. We focus on the role of stem cell niche and tumour microenvironment in early and metastatic stages of the disease progression and highlight the potential of patient-derived organoid models to study key events in tumour evolution, the appearance of resistance mechanisms, and as screening tools to enable personalisation of drug treatments.
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43
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Mechanisms of High-Grade Serous Carcinogenesis in the Fallopian Tube and Ovary: Current Hypotheses, Etiologic Factors, and Molecular Alterations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094409. [PMID: 33922503 PMCID: PMC8122889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases. They include fallopian-tube-epithelium (FTE)-derived and ovarian-surface-epithelium (OSE)-derived tumors. The risk/protective factors suggest that the etiology of HGSCs is multifactorial. Inflammation caused by ovulation and retrograde bleeding may play a major role. HGSCs are among the most genetically altered cancers, and TP53 mutations are ubiquitous. Key driving events other than TP53 mutations include homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, such as BRCA 1/2 dysfunction, and activation of the CCNE1 pathway. HR deficiency and the CCNE1 amplification appear to be mutually exclusive. Intratumor heterogeneity resulting from genomic instability can be observed at the early stage of tumorigenesis. In this review, I discuss current carcinogenic hypotheses, sites of origin, etiologic factors, and molecular alterations of HGSCs.
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44
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Frost ER, Taylor G, Baker MA, Lovell-Badge R, Sutherland JM. Establishing and maintaining fertility: the importance of cell cycle arrest. Genes Dev 2021; 35:619-634. [PMID: 33888561 PMCID: PMC8091977 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348151.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this review, Frost et al. summarize the current knowledge on the Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in mouse gonad development and highlight new roles for cell cycle inhibitors in controlling and maintaining female fertility. Development of the ovary or testis is required to establish reproductive competence. Gonad development relies on key cell fate decisions that occur early in embryonic development and are actively maintained. During gonad development, both germ cells and somatic cells proliferate extensively, a process facilitated by cell cycle regulation. This review focuses on the Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) in mouse gonad development. We particularly highlight recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies that show the heterogeneity of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. This diversity highlights new roles for cell cycle inhibitors in controlling and maintaining female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Frost
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.,Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Güneş Taylor
- Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Baker
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Robin Lovell-Badge
- Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jessie M Sutherland
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
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45
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Jain S, Annett SL, Morgan MP, Robson T. The Cancer Stem Cell Niche in Ovarian Cancer and Its Impact on Immune Surveillance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4091. [PMID: 33920983 PMCID: PMC8071330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is an aggressive gynaecological cancer with extremely poor prognosis, due to late diagnosis as well as the development of chemoresistance after first-line therapy. Research advances have found stem-like cells present in ovarian tumours, which exist in a dynamic niche and persist through therapy. The stem cell niche interacts extensively with the immune and non-immune components of the tumour microenvironment. Significant pathways associated with the cancer stem cell niche have been identified which interfere with the immune component of the tumour microenvironment, leading to immune surveillance evasion, dysfunction and suppression. This review aims to summarise current evidence-based knowledge on the cancer stem cell niche within the ovarian cancer tumour microenvironment and its effect on immune surveillance. Furthermore, the review seeks to understand the clinical consequences of this dynamic interaction by highlighting current therapies which target these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (S.J.); (S.L.A.); (M.P.M.)
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46
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Fukuda K, Muraoka M, Kato Y, Saga Y. Decoding the transcriptome of pre-granulosa cells during the formation of primordial follicles in the mouse†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:179-191. [PMID: 33847353 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial follicles, a finite reservoir of eggs in mammalian ovaries, are composed of a single oocyte and its supporting somatic cells, termed granulosa cells. Although their formation may require reciprocal interplay between oocytes and pre-granulosa cells, precursors of granulosa cells, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. We addressed this issue by decoding the transcriptome of pre-granulosa cells during the formation of primordial follicles. We found that marked gene expression changes, including extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, and several signaling pathways, occur along with primordial follicle formation. Importantly, differentiation of Lgr5-EGFP-positive pre-granulosa cells to FOXL2-positive granulosa cells was delayed in mutant ovaries of the germ cell-specific genes Nanos3 and Figla, accompanied by perturbed gene expression in mutant pre-granulosa cells. These results suggest that proper development of oocytes is required for the differentiation of pre-granulosa cells. Our data provide a valuable resource for understanding the gene regulatory networks involved in the formation of primordial follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurumi Fukuda
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muraoka
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kato
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Russo A, Colina JA, Moy J, Baligod S, Czarnecki AA, Varughese P, Lantvit DD, Dean MJ, Burdette JE. Silencing PTEN in the fallopian tube promotes enrichment of cancer stem cell-like function through loss of PAX2. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:375. [PMID: 33828085 PMCID: PMC8027874 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy that is primarily detected at the metastatic stage. Most HGSOC originates from the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) and metastasizes to the ovary before invading the peritoneum; therefore, it is crucial to study disease initiation and progression using FTE-derived models. We previously demonstrated that loss of PTEN from the FTE leads to ovarian cancer. In the present study, loss of PTEN in FTE led to the enrichment of cancer stem cell markers such as LGR5, WNT4, ALDH1, CD44. Interestingly, loss of the transcription factor PAX2, which is a common and early alteration in HGSOC, played a pivotal role in the expression of cancer stem-like cells (CSC) markers and cell function. In addition, loss of PTEN led to the generation of two distinct subpopulations of cells with different CSC marker expression, tumorigenicity, and chemoresistance profiles. Taken together, these data suggest that loss of PTEN induces reprogramming of the FTE cells into a more stem-like phenotype due to loss of PAX2 and provides a model to study early events during the FTE-driven ovarian cancer tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Russo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - Jose A Colina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Junlone Moy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Seth Baligod
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Austin A Czarnecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Peter Varughese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Daniel D Lantvit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Matthew J Dean
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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48
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Chumduri C, Turco MY. Organoids of the female reproductive tract. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:531-553. [PMID: 33580825 PMCID: PMC8026429 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Healthy functioning of the female reproductive tract (FRT) depends on balanced and dynamic regulation by hormones during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and childbirth. The mucosal epithelial lining of different regions of the FRT-ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina-facilitates the selective transport of gametes and successful transfer of the zygote to the uterus where it implants and pregnancy takes place. It also prevents pathogen entry. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) organoid systems from the FRT now provide crucial experimental models that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity and physiological, anatomical and functional properties of the organ in vitro. In this review, we summarise the state of the art on organoids generated from different regions of the FRT. We discuss the potential applications of these powerful in vitro models to study normal physiology, fertility, infections, diseases, drug discovery and personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindrilla Chumduri
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Margherita Y Turco
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Cambridge, UK.
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49
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Cai H, Liu B, Wang H, Sun G, Feng L, Chen Z, Zhou J, Zhang J, Zhang T, He M, Yang T, Guo Q, Teng Z, Xin Q, Zhou B, Zhang H, Xia G, Wang C. SP1 governs primordial folliculogenesis by regulating pregranulosa cell development in mice. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:230-244. [PMID: 31282930 PMCID: PMC7181717 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishment of the primordial follicle (PF) pool is pivotal for the female reproductive lifespan; however, the mechanism of primordial folliculogenesis is poorly understood. Here, the transcription factor SP1 was shown to be essential for PF formation in mice. Our results showed that SP1 is present in both oocytes and somatic cells during PF formation in the ovary. Knockdown of Sp1 expression, especially in pregranulosa cells, significantly suppressed nest breakdown, oocyte apoptosis, and PF formation, suggesting that SP1 expressed by somatic cells functions in the process of primordial folliculogenesis. We further demonstrated that SP1 governs the recruitment and maintenance of Forkhead box L2-positive (FOXL2+) pregranulosa cells using an Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreERT2 (Lgr5-KI) reporter mouse model and a FOXL2+ cell-specific knockdown model. At the molecular level, SP1 functioned mainly through manipulation of NOTCH2 expression by binding directly to the promoter of the Notch2 gene. Finally, consistent with the critical role of granulosa cells in follicle survival in vitro, massive loss of oocytes in Sp1 knockdown ovaries was evidenced before puberty after the ovaries were transplanted under the renal capsules. Conclusively, our results reveal that SP1 controls the establishment of the ovarian reserve by regulating pregranulosa cell development in the mammalian ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huarong Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guanghong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lizhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meina He
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qirui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiliang Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, College of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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50
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Han J, Lin K, Zhang X, Yan L, Chen Y, Chen H, Liu J, Liu J, Wu Y. PTEN-mediated AKT/β-catenin signaling enhances the proliferation and expansion of Lgr5+ hepatocytes. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:861-868. [PMID: 33767594 PMCID: PMC7975694 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.56091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Compelling evidence suggests that Lgr5+ hepatocytes repair liver damage by promoting the regeneration of hepatocytes and ductal cells in the case of liver injury. The PTEN-mediated AKT/β-catenin signaling plays a key role in the regulation of innate immune regulation in the liver. However, the signaling pathways that control Lgr5+ hepatocyte proliferation in the liver remain unclear. Methods: In order to assess the involvement of PTEN-mediated AKT/β-catenin signaling in the expansion of Lgr5+ hepatocytes upon liver injuries, the Lgr5-CreER; Rosa-mTmG lineage tracing system was used to target Lgr5+ hepatocytes. Results: The tracing of Lgr5+ hepatocytes showed that PTEN deletion and β-catenin activation significantly promoted the proliferation of Lgr5+ hepatocytes. In converse, the simultaneous inhibition of PTEN and β-catenin limited Lgr5+ hepatocyte proliferation in the liver. Our findings provide an insight into understanding how PTEN-mediated AKT/β-catenin signaling regulates the proliferation of Lgr5+ hepatocytes. Conclusion: The outcomes can improve the application potential of Lgr5+ hepatocytes in the treatment of liver injury diseases and provide a new treatment option for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Han
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China.,The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijun Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuezheng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingchen Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China.,The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China.,The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518054, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China.,The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China
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