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Shaver AO, Miller IR, Schaye ES, Moya ND, Collins JB, Wit J, Blanco AH, Shao FM, Andersen EJ, Khan SA, Paredes G, Andersen EC. Quantifying the fitness effects of resistance alleles with and without anthelmintic selection pressure using Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012245. [PMID: 38768235 PMCID: PMC11142691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Albendazole (a benzimidazole) and ivermectin (a macrocyclic lactone) are the two most commonly co-administered anthelmintic drugs in mass-drug administration programs worldwide. Despite emerging resistance, we do not fully understand the mechanisms of resistance to these drugs nor the consequences of delivering them in combination. Albendazole resistance has primarily been attributed to variation in the drug target, a beta-tubulin gene. Ivermectin targets glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls), but it is unknown whether GluCl genes are involved in ivermectin resistance in nature. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we defined the fitness costs associated with loss of the drug target genes singly or in combinations of the genes that encode GluCl subunits. We quantified the loss-of-function effects on three traits: (i) multi-generational competitive fitness, (ii) fecundity, and (iii) development. In competitive fitness and development assays, we found that a deletion of the beta-tubulin gene ben-1 conferred albendazole resistance, but ivermectin resistance required the loss of two GluCl genes (avr-14 and avr-15). The fecundity assays revealed that loss of ben-1 did not provide any fitness benefit in albendazole conditions and that no GluCl deletion mutants were resistant to ivermectin. Next, we searched for evidence of multi-drug resistance across the three traits. Loss of ben-1 did not confer resistance to ivermectin, nor did loss of any single GluCl subunit or combination confer resistance to albendazole. Finally, we assessed the development of 124 C. elegans wild strains across six benzimidazoles and seven macrocyclic lactones to identify evidence of multi-drug resistance between the two drug classes and found a strong phenotypic correlation within a drug class but not across drug classes. Because each gene affects various aspects of nematode physiology, these results suggest that it is necessary to assess multiple fitness traits to evaluate how each gene contributes to anthelmintic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda O. Shaver
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Dept. of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Isabella R. Miller
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Etta S. Schaye
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nicolas D. Moya
- Dept. of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - J. B. Collins
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Dept. of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Janneke Wit
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alyssa H. Blanco
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fiona M. Shao
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Elliot J. Andersen
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sharik A. Khan
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gracie Paredes
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Erik C. Andersen
- Dept. of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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2
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Shaver AO, Miller IR, Schaye ES, Moya ND, Collins J, Wit J, Blanco AH, Shao FM, Andersen EJ, Khan SA, Paredes G, Andersen EC. Quantifying the fitness effects of resistance alleles with and without anthelmintic selection pressure using Caenorhabditis elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.01.578300. [PMID: 38370666 PMCID: PMC10871296 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.578300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Albendazole and ivermectin are the two most commonly co-administered anthelmintic drugs in mass-drug administration programs worldwide. Despite emerging resistance, we do not fully understand the mechanisms of resistance to these drugs nor the consequences of delivering them in combination. Albendazole resistance has primarily been attributed to variation in the drug target, a beta-tubulin gene. Ivermectin targets glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) genes, but it is unknown whether these genes are involved in ivermectin resistance in nature. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we defined the fitness costs associated with loss of the drug target genes singly or in combinations of the genes that encode GluCl subunits. We quantified the loss-of function effects on three traits: (i) multi-generational competitive fitness, (ii) fecundity, and (iii) development. In competitive fitness and development assays, we found that a deletion of the beta-tubulin gene ben-1 conferred albendazole resistance, but ivermectin resistance required loss of two GluCl genes (avr-14 and avr-15) or loss of three GluCl genes (avr-14, avr-15, and glc-1). The fecundity assays revealed that loss of ben-1 did not provide any fitness benefit in albendazole and that no GluCl deletion mutants were resistant to ivermectin. Next, we searched for evidence of multi-drug resistance across the three traits. Loss of ben-1 did not confer resistance to ivermectin, nor did loss of any single GluCl subunit or combination confer resistance to albendazole. Finally, we assessed the development of 124 C. elegans wild strains across six benzimidazoles and seven macrocyclic lactones to identify evidence of multi-drug resistance between the two drug classes and found a strong phenotypic correlation within a drug class but not across drug classes. Because each gene affects various aspects of nematode physiology, these results suggest that it is necessary to assess multiple fitness traits to evaluate how each gene contributes to anthelmintic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda O. Shaver
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Isabella R. Miller
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Etta S. Schaye
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nicolas D. Moya
- Dept. of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - J.B. Collins
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Janneke Wit
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alyssa H. Blanco
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fiona M. Shao
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Elliot J. Andersen
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sharik A. Khan
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gracie Paredes
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Erik C. Andersen
- Dept. of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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3
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Goyache I, Yavorov-Dayliev D, Milagro FI, Aranaz P. Caenorhabditis elegans as a Screening Model for Probiotics with Properties against Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1321. [PMID: 38279322 PMCID: PMC10816037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need to develop new approaches to prevent and treat diseases related to metabolic syndromes, including obesity or type 2 diabetes, that focus on the different factors involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Due to the role of gut microbiota in the regulation of glucose and insulin homeostasis, probiotics with beneficial properties have emerged as an alternative therapeutic tool to ameliorate metabolic diseases-related disturbances, including fat excess or inflammation. In the last few years, different strains of bacteria, mainly lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and species from the genus Bifidobacterium, have emerged as potential probiotics due to their anti-obesogenic and/or anti-diabetic properties. However, in vivo studies are needed to demonstrate the mechanisms involved in these probiotic features. In this context, Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a very powerful simple in vivo model to study the physiological and molecular effects of probiotics with potential applications regarding the different pathologies of metabolic syndrome. This review aims to summarize the main studies describing anti-obesogenic, anti-diabetic, or anti-inflammatory properties of probiotics using C. elegans as an in vivo research model, as well as providing a description of the molecular mechanisms involved in these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Goyache
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (P.A.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Deyan Yavorov-Dayliev
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (P.A.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Genbioma Aplicaciones SL, Polígono Industrial Noain-Esquiroz, Calle S, Nave 4, 31191 Esquíroz, Spain
| | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (P.A.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Aranaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (P.A.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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4
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Lemieux GA, Yoo S, Lin L, Vohra M, Ashrafi K. The steroid hormone ADIOL promotes learning by reducing neural kynurenic acid levels. Genes Dev 2023; 37:998-1016. [PMID: 38092521 PMCID: PMC10760639 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350745.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Reductions in brain kynurenic acid levels, a neuroinhibitory metabolite, improve cognitive function in diverse organisms. Thus, modulation of kynurenic acid levels is thought to have therapeutic potential in a range of brain disorders. Here we report that the steroid 5-androstene 3β, 17β-diol (ADIOL) reduces kynurenic acid levels and promotes associative learning in Caenorhabditis elegans We identify the molecular mechanisms through which ADIOL links peripheral metabolic pathways to neural mechanisms of learning capacity. Moreover, we show that in aged animals, which normally experience rapid cognitive decline, ADIOL improves learning capacity. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the biosynthesis of ADIOL as well as those through which it promotes kynurenic acid reduction are conserved in mammals. Thus, rather than a minor intermediate in the production of sex steroids, ADIOL is an endogenous hormone that potently regulates learning capacity by causing reductions in neural kynurenic acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Lemieux
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Shinja Yoo
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Mihir Vohra
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Kaveh Ashrafi
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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5
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Lin Y, Lin C, Cao Y, Chen Y. Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model for the identification of natural antioxidants with anti-aging actions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115594. [PMID: 37776641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants have recently emerged as a highly exciting and significant topic in anti-aging research. Diverse organism models present a viable protocol for future research. Notably, many breakthroughs on natural antioxidants have been achieved in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, an animal model frequently utilized for the study of aging research and anti-aging drugs in vivo. Due to the conservation of signaling pathways on oxidative stress resistance, lifespan regulation, and aging disease between C. elegans and multiple high-level organisms (humans), as well as the low and controllable cost of time and labor, it gradually develops into a trustworthy in vivo model for high-throughput screening and validation of natural antioxidants with anti-aging actions. First, information and models on free radicals and aging are presented in this review. We also describe indexes, detection methods, and molecular mechanisms for studying the in vivo antioxidant and anti-aging effects of natural antioxidants using C. elegans. It includes lifespan, physiological aging processes, oxidative stress levels, antioxidant enzyme activation, and anti-aging pathways. Furthermore, oxidative stress and healthspan improvement induced by natural antioxidants in humans and C. elegans are compared, to understand the potential and limitations of the screening model in preclinical studies. Finally, we emphasize that C. elegans is a useful model for exploring more natural antioxidant resources and uncovering the mechanisms underlying aging-related risk factors and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugui Lin
- Microbiology Laboratory, Zhongshan Bo'ai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan 528400, China; Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chunxiu Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Wang Y, Hua X, Wang D. Exposure to 6-PPD quinone enhances lipid accumulation through activating metabolic sensors of SBP-1 and MDT-15 in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:121937. [PMID: 37307863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been shown that exposure to 6-PPDQ can cause toxicity on environmental organisms, its possible effects on metabolic state remain largely unclear. We here determined the effect of 6-PPDQ exposure on lipid accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. We observed increase in triglyceride content, enhancement in lipid accumulation, and increase in size of lipid droplets in 6-PPDQ (1-10 μg/L) exposed nematodes. This detected lipid accumulation was associated with both increase in fatty acid synthesis reflected by increased expressions of fasn-1 and pod-2 and inhibition in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation indicated by decreased expressions of acs-2, ech-2, acs-1, and ech-3. The observed lipid accumulation in 6-PPDQ (1-10 μg/L) exposed nematodes was also related to the increase in synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acylCoAs reflected by altered expressions of fat-5, fat-6, and fat-7. Exposure to 6-PPDQ (1-10 μg/L) further increased expressions of sbp-1 and mdt-15 encoding two metabolic sensors to initiate the lipid accumulation and to regulate the lipid metabolism. Moreover, the observed increase in triglyceride content, enhancement in lipid accumulation, and alterations in fasn-1, pod-2, acs-2, and fat-5 expressions in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes were obviously inhibited by sbp-1 and mdt-15 RNAi. Our observations demonstrated the risk of 6-PPDQ at environmentally relevant concentration in affecting lipid metabolic state in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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Shaver AO, Wit J, Dilks CM, Crombie TA, Li H, Aroian RV, Andersen EC. Variation in anthelmintic responses are driven by genetic differences among diverse C. elegans wild strains. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011285. [PMID: 37011090 PMCID: PMC10101645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of parasitic nematode infections in humans and livestock relies on a limited arsenal of anthelmintic drugs that have historically reduced parasite burdens. However, anthelmintic resistance (AR) is increasing, and little is known about the molecular and genetic causes of resistance for most drugs. The free-living roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans has proven to be a tractable model to understand AR, where studies have led to the identification of molecular targets of all major anthelmintic drug classes. Here, we used genetically diverse C. elegans strains to perform dose-response analyses across 26 anthelmintic drugs that represent the three major anthelmintic drug classes (benzimidazoles, macrocyclic lactones, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists) in addition to seven other anthelmintic classes. First, we found that C. elegans strains displayed similar anthelmintic responses within drug classes and significant variation across drug classes. Next, we compared the effective concentration estimates to induce a 10% maximal response (EC10) and slope estimates of each dose-response curve of each strain to the laboratory reference strain, which enabled the identification of anthelmintics with population-wide differences to understand how genetics contribute to AR. Because genetically diverse strains displayed differential susceptibilities within and across anthelmintics, we show that C. elegans is a useful model for screening potential nematicides before applications to helminths. Third, we quantified the levels of anthelmintic response variation caused by genetic differences among individuals (heritability) to each drug and observed a significant correlation between exposure closest to the EC10 and the exposure that exhibited the most heritable responses. These results suggest drugs to prioritize in genome-wide association studies, which will enable the identification of AR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda O. Shaver
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Janneke Wit
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Clayton M. Dilks
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Timothy A. Crombie
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hanchen Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Raffi V. Aroian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erik C. Andersen
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
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8
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Application of Caenorhabditis elegans in Lipid Metabolism Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021173. [PMID: 36674689 PMCID: PMC9860639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the development and prevalence of obesity have posed a serious public health risk, which has prompted studies on the regulation of adiposity. With the ease of genetic manipulation, the diversity of the methods for characterizing body fat levels, and the observability of feeding behavior, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is considered an excellent model for exploring energy homeostasis and the regulation of the cellular fat storage. In addition, the homology with mammals in the genes related to the lipid metabolism allows many aspects of lipid modulation by the regulators of the central nervous system to be conserved in this ideal model organism. In recent years, as the complex network of genes that maintain an energy balance has been gradually expanded and refined, the regulatory mechanisms of lipid storage have become clearer. Furthermore, the development of methods and devices to assess the lipid levels has become a powerful tool for studies in lipid droplet biology and the regulation of the nematode lipid metabolism. Herein, based on the rapid progress of C. elegans lipid metabolism-related studies, this review outlined the lipid metabolic processes, the major signaling pathways of fat storage regulation, and the primary experimental methods to assess the lipid content in nematodes. Therefore, this model system holds great promise for facilitating the understanding, management, and therapies of human obesity and other metabolism-related diseases.
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Lactobacillus pentosus MJM60383 Inhibits Lipid Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans Induced by Enterobacter cloacae and Glucose. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010280. [PMID: 36613723 PMCID: PMC9820548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota are known to play an important role in obesity. Enterobacter cloacae, a Gram-negative bacterium, has been considered a pathogenic bacterium related to obesity in the gut. In this study, we established an obesity model of C. elegans by feeding E. cloacae combined with a high glucose diet (HGD), which significantly induced lipid accumulation. An anti-lipid mechanism study revealed that the fatty acid composition and the expression level of fat metabolism-related genes were altered by feeding E. cloacae to C. elegans under HGD conditions. Lactic acid bacteria that showed antagonistic activity against E. cloacae were used to screen anti-obesity candidates in this model. Among them, L. pentosus MJM60383 (MJM60383) showed good antagonistic activity. C. eleans fed with MJM60383 significantly reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride content. The ratio of C18:1Δ9/C18:0 was also changed in C. elegans by feeding MJM60383. In addition, the expression level of genes related to fatty acid synthesis was significantly decreased and the genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation were up-regulated by feeding MJM60383. Moreover, MJM60383 also exhibited a high adhesive ability to Caco-2 cells and colonized the gut of C. elegans. Thus, L. pentosus MJM60383 can be a promising candidate for anti-obesity probiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that uses E. cloacae combined with a high-glucose diet to study the interactions between individual pathogens and probiotics in C. elegans.
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Lu R, Chen J, Wang F, Wang L, Liu J, Lin Y. Lysosome Inhibition Reduces Basal and Nutrient-Induced Fat Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cells 2022; 45:649-659. [PMID: 36058890 PMCID: PMC9448645 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-term energy nutritional imbalance fundamentally causes the development of obesity and associated fat accumulation. Lysosomes, as nutrient-sensing and lipophagy centers, critically control cellular lipid catabolism in response to nutrient deprivation. However, whether lysosome activity is directly involved in nutrient-induced fat accumulation remains unclear. In this study, worm fat accumulation was induced by 1 mM glucose or 0.02 mM palmitic acid supplementation. Along with the elevation of fat accumulation, lysosomal number and acidification were also increased, suggesting that lysosome activity might be correlated with nutrient-induced fat deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, treatments with the lysosomal inhibitors chloroquine and leupeptin significantly reduced basal and nutrient-induced fat accumulation in C. elegans. The knockdown of hlh-30, which is a critical gene in lysosomal biogenesis, also resulted in worm fat loss. Finally, the mutation of aak-2, daf-15, and rsks-1 showed that mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1) signaling mediated the effects of lysosomes on basal and nutrient-induced fat accumulation in C. elegans. Overall, this study reveals the previously undescribed role of lysosomes in overnutrition sensing, suggesting a new strategy for controlling body fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Fangbin Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioprocess, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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A new use for old drugs: identifying compounds with an anti-obesity effect using a high through-put semi-automated Caenorhabditis elegans screening platform. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10108. [PMID: 36033279 PMCID: PMC9399480 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most common global health problems for all age groups with obese people at risk of a variety of associated health complications. Consequently, there is a need to develop new therapies that lower body fat without the side effects. However, obesity is a complex and systemic disease, so that in vitro results are not easily translatable to clinical situations. A promising way to circumnavigate these issues is to reposition already approved drugs for new treatments, enabling a more streamlined drug discovery process due to the availability of pre-existing pharmacological and toxicological datasets. Chemical libraries, such as the Prestwick Chemical Library of 1200 FDA approved drugs, are available for this purpose. We have developed a simple semi-automated whole-organism approach to screening the Prestwick Chemical Library for those compounds which reduce fat content using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Our whole-organism approach to high-throughput screening identified 9 “lead” compounds that reduced fat within 2 weeks in the model. Further screening and analysis provided 4 “hit” compounds (Midodrine, Vinpocetine, Fenoprofen and Lamivudine) that showed significant promise as drugs to reduce fat levels. The effects of these candidates were found to further reduce fat content in nematodes where an nhr-49/PPAR mutation resulted in “overweight” worms. Upon unblinding the “hit” compounds, they were found to have recently been shown to have anti-obesity effects in mammalian models too. In developing a whole-animal chemical screen to identify pharmacological agents as potential anti-obesity compounds, we demonstrate how chemical libraries can be rapidly and relatively cheaply profiled for active hits. Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans thus enables drugs to be assessed for applicability in humans and provides a new incentive to explore drug repurposing as a feasible and efficient way to identify new anti-obesity compounds.
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12
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Arampatzis AS, Tsave O, Kirchweger B, Zwirchmayr J, Papageorgiou VP, Rollinger JM, Assimopoulou AN. Expanding the Biological Properties of Alkannins and Shikonins: Their Impact on Adipogenesis and Life Expectancy in Nematodes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909285. [PMID: 35754463 PMCID: PMC9216188 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkannin, shikonin (A/S) and their derivatives are naturally occurring hydroxynaphthoquinones biosynthesized in some species of the Boraginaceae family. These natural compounds have been extensively investigated for their biological properties over the last 40 years, demonstrating a plethora of activities, such as wound healing, regenerative, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study aims to extend the current knowledge by investigating the effects of various A/S compounds on two model systems, namely on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The former constitutes an established in vitro model for investigating anti-obesity and insulin-mimetic properties, while the latter has been widely used as a model organism for studying fat accumulation, lifespan and the anthelmintic potential. A set of chemically well-defined A/S derivatives were screened for their effect on pre-adipocytes to assess cell toxicity, cell morphology, and cell differentiation. The differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes was examined upon treatment with A/S compounds in the presence/absence of insulin, aiming to establish a structure-activity relationship. The majority of A/S compounds induced cell proliferation at sub-micromolar concentrations. The ester derivatives exhibited higher IC50 values, and thus, proved to be less toxic to 3T3-L1 cells. The parent molecules, A and S tested at 1 μM resulted in a truncated differentiation with a reduced number of forming lipids, whereas compounds lacking the side chain hydroxyl group projected higher populations of mature adipocytes. In C. elegans mutant strain SS104, A/S enriched extracts were not able to inhibit the fat accumulation but resulted in a drastic shortage of survival. Thus, the set of A/S compounds were tested at 15 and 60 μg/ml in the wild-type strain N2 for their nematocidal activity, which is of relevance for the discovery of anthelmintic drugs. The most pronounced nematocidal activity was observed for naphthazarin and β,β-dimethyl-acryl-shikonin, followed by isovaleryl-shikonin. The latter 2 A/S esters were identified as the most abundant constituents in the mixture of A/S derivatives isolated from Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch. Taken together, the findings show that the structural variations in the moiety of A/S compounds significantly impact the modulation of their biological activities in both model systems investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios S Arampatzis
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Tsave
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Benjamin Kirchweger
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Zwirchmayr
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vassilios P Papageorgiou
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreana N Assimopoulou
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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Sánchez-Álvarez M, Del Pozo MÁ, Bosch M, Pol A. Insights Into the Biogenesis and Emerging Functions of Lipid Droplets From Unbiased Molecular Profiling Approaches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901321. [PMID: 35756995 PMCID: PMC9213792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are spherical, single sheet phospholipid-bound organelles that store neutral lipids in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. Initially conceived as relatively inert depots for energy and lipid precursors, these highly dynamic structures play active roles in homeostatic functions beyond metabolism, such as proteostasis and protein turnover, innate immunity and defense. A major share of the knowledge behind this paradigm shift has been enabled by the use of systematic molecular profiling approaches, capable of revealing and describing these non-intuitive systems-level relationships. Here, we discuss these advances and some of the challenges they entail, and highlight standing questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Del Pozo
- Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Kassotis CD, Vom Saal FS, Babin PJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Le Mentec H, Blumberg B, Mohajer N, Legrand A, Munic Kos V, Martin-Chouly C, Podechard N, Langouët S, Touma C, Barouki R, Ji Kim M, Audouze K, Choudhury M, Shree N, Bansal A, Howard S, Heindel JJ. Obesity III: Obesogen assays: Limitations, strengths, and new directions. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115014. [PMID: 35393121 PMCID: PMC9050906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of a role for environmental contaminants in disrupting metabolic health in both humans and animals. Despite a growing need for well-understood models for evaluating adipogenic and potential obesogenic contaminants, there has been a reliance on decades-old in vitro models that have not been appropriately managed by cell line providers. There has been a quick rise in available in vitro models in the last ten years, including commercial availability of human mesenchymal stem cell and preadipocyte models; these models require more comprehensive validation but demonstrate real promise in improved translation to human metabolic health. There is also progress in developing three-dimensional and co-culture techniques that allow for the interrogation of a more physiologically relevant state. While diverse rodent models exist for evaluating putative obesogenic and/or adipogenic chemicals in a physiologically relevant context, increasing capabilities have been identified for alternative model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, and medaka in metabolic health testing. These models have several appreciable advantages, including most notably their size, rapid development, large brood sizes, and ease of high-resolution lipid accumulation imaging throughout the organisms. They are anticipated to expand the capabilities of metabolic health research, particularly when coupled with emerging obesogen evaluation techniques as described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
| | - Frederick S Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, United States
| | - Nicole Mohajer
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, United States
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Corinne Martin-Chouly
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Charbel Touma
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Min Ji Kim
- University of Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Nitya Shree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2611, Australia
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
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15
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Workflow for Segmentation of Caenorhabditis elegans from Fluorescence Images for the Quantitation of Lipids. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The small and transparent nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is increasingly employed for phenotypic in vivo chemical screens. The influence of compounds on worm body fat stores can be assayed with Nile red staining and imaging. Segmentation of C. elegans from fluorescence images is hereby a primary task. In this paper, we present an image-processing workflow that includes machine-learning-based segmentation of C. elegans directly from fluorescence images and quantifies their Nile red lipid-derived fluorescence. The segmentation is based on a J48 classifier using pixel entropies and is refined by size-thresholding. The accuracy of segmentation was >90% in our external validation. Binarization with a global threshold set to the brightness of the vehicle control group worms of each experiment allows a robust and reproducible quantification of worm fluorescence. The workflow is available as a script written in the macro language of imageJ, allowing the user additional manual control of classification results and custom specification settings for binarization. Our approach can be easily adapted to the requirements of other fluorescence image-based experiments with C. elegans.
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16
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Ly VT, Baudin PV, Pansodtee P, Jung EA, Voitiuk K, Rosen YM, Willsey HR, Mantalas GL, Seiler ST, Selberg JA, Cordero SA, Ross JM, Rolandi M, Pollen AA, Nowakowski TJ, Haussler D, Mostajo-Radji MA, Salama SR, Teodorescu M. Picroscope: low-cost system for simultaneous longitudinal biological imaging. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1261. [PMID: 34737378 PMCID: PMC8569150 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous longitudinal imaging across multiple conditions and replicates has been crucial for scientific studies aiming to understand biological processes and disease. Yet, imaging systems capable of accomplishing these tasks are economically unattainable for most academic and teaching laboratories around the world. Here, we propose the Picroscope, which is the first low-cost system for simultaneous longitudinal biological imaging made primarily using off-the-shelf and 3D-printed materials. The Picroscope is compatible with standard 24-well cell culture plates and captures 3D z-stack image data. The Picroscope can be controlled remotely, allowing for automatic imaging with minimal intervention from the investigator. Here, we use this system in a range of applications. We gathered longitudinal whole organism image data for frogs, zebrafish, and planaria worms. We also gathered image data inside an incubator to observe 2D monolayers and 3D mammalian tissue culture models. Using this tool, we can measure the behavior of entire organisms or individual cells over long-time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria T Ly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
| | - Pierre V Baudin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Pattawong Pansodtee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Erik A Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Kateryna Voitiuk
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Yohei M Rosen
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Helen Rankin Willsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Gary L Mantalas
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Spencer T Seiler
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - John A Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Sergio A Cordero
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Jayden M Ross
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Alex A Pollen
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - David Haussler
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Mohammed A Mostajo-Radji
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Sofie R Salama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
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17
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Ondua M, Mfotie Njoya E, Abdalla MA, McGaw LJ. Investigation of anthelmintic activity of the acetone extract and constituents of Typha capensis against animal parasitic Haemonchus contortus and free-living Caenorhabditis elegans. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3437-3449. [PMID: 34424423 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine in vitro anthelmintic activity of plant extracts of eleven plant species used traditionally in South Africa to treat various disorders including symptoms related to nematode infections, and to isolate bioactive compounds from the most active plant extract. Crude plant extracts were tested on different life-cycle stages of Haemonchus contortus. The cytotoxicity of the most active extracts, fractions and compounds was evaluated on Vero cells and the most potent extract, fractions and compounds were tested for their ability to kill the parasitic H. contortus and the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Typha capensis acetone extract had the strongest egg hatching inhibitory effect with an EC50 of 184.94 μg/mL, and this extract also halted larval development of H. contortus with an EC50 of 83.30 μg/mL compared to the positive control (albendazole) with an EC50 of 2.66 μg/mL. Typha capensis crude extract and its butanol fraction had promising anthelmintic activity against both parasitic H. contortus and free-living C. elegans. Two compounds isolated from T. capensis, namely, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside and isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, had antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 3.16 μg/mL and 0.96 μg/mL respectively, and good anthelmintic activity against H. contortus with IC50 values of 55.61 μg/mL and 145.17 μg/mL respectively. Identification of bioactive compounds from the T. capensis crude extract supports development of this extract as a complementary or alternative treatment against haemonchosis. However, further research is necessary to confirm the anthelmintic efficacy of the plant, including in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moise Ondua
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. BOX 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Emmanuel Mfotie Njoya
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Muna Ali Abdalla
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, 13314, Khartoum North, Sudan.,Institut Für Pflanzenernährung Und Bodenkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
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18
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He J, Wu Z, Chen L, Dai Q, Hao H, Su P, Ke C, Feng D. Adenosine Triggers Larval Settlement and Metamorphosis in the Mussel Mytilopsis sallei through the ADK-AMPK-FoxO Pathway. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1390-1400. [PMID: 34254778 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Settlement and metamorphosis of planktonic larvae into benthic adults are critical components of a diverse range of marine invertebrate-mediated processes such as the formation of mussel beds and coral reefs, the recruitment of marine shellfisheries, and the initiation of macrobiofouling. Although larval settlement and metamorphosis induced by natural chemical cues is widespread among marine invertebrates, the mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here, we identified that the molecular target of adenosine (an inducer of larval settlement and metamorphosis from conspecific adults in the invasive biofouling mussel Mytilopsis sallei) is adenosine kinase (ADK). The results of transcriptomic analyses, pharmacological assays, temporal and spatial gene expression analyses, and siRNA interference, suggest that ATP-dependent phosphorylation of adenosine catalyzed by ADK activates the downstream AMPK-FoxO signaling pathway, inducing larval settlement and metamorphosis in M. sallei. This study not only reveals the role of the ADK-AMPK-FoxO pathway in larval settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrates but it also deepens our understanding of the functions and evolution of adenosine signaling, a process that is widespread in biology and important in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhiwen Wu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Liying Chen
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qi Dai
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Huanhuan Hao
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Pei Su
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Danqing Feng
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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19
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Bai J, Farias-Pereira R, Zhang Y, Jang M, Park Y, Kim KH. C. elegans ACAT regulates lipolysis and its related lifespan in fasting through modulation of the genes in lipolysis and insulin/IGF-1 signaling. Biofactors 2020; 46:754-765. [PMID: 32639091 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Overly active acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs) are known to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, cancer cell proliferation and de novo lipogenesis. However, the role of ACAT in systemic lipid metabolism and its consequence of aging is unknown. Using avasimibe, a clinically proven ACAT inhibitor, and mboa-1 mutant strain, a homologous to mammalian ACAT, herein, we found that Ava treatment and mboa-1 mutant exhibited a decreased fat accumulation during feeding and increased lipolysis with extended lifespan of C. elegans during fasting. Our study highlights the essential role of ACAT inhibitor and mboa-1 in fat mobilization and the survival of C. elegans in fasting through the modulation of the genes involved in lipolysis and insulin/IGF-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miran Jang
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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20
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Chutshela A, Masamba P, Oyinloye BE, Kappo AP. Molecular Context of ADP-ribosylation in Schistosomes for Drug Discovery and Vaccine Development. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 18:473-484. [PMID: 32767945 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200806170654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Schistosome infection is regarded as one of the most important and neglected tropical diseases associated with poor sanitation. Like other living organisms, schistosomes employ multiple biological processes, of which some are regulated by a post-translational modification called Adenosine Diphosphate-ribosylation (ADP-ribosylation), catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases. ADP-ribosylation is the addition of ADP-ribose moieties from Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) to various targets, which include proteins and nucleotides. It is crucial in biological processes such as DNA repair, apoptosis, carbohydrate metabolism and catabolism. In the absence of a vaccine against schistosomiasis, this becomes a promising pathway in the identification of drug targets against various forms of this infection. The tegument of the worm is an encouraging immunogenic target for anti-schistosomal vaccine development. Vaccinology, molecular modeling and target-based drug discovery strategies have been used for years in drug discovery and for vaccine development. In this paper, we outline ADP-ribosylation and other different approaches to drug discovery and vaccine development against schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandla Chutshela
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Priscilla Masamba
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | | | - Abidemi Paul Kappo
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
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21
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Zwirchmayr J, Kirchweger B, Lehner T, Tahir A, Pretsch D, Rollinger JM. A robust and miniaturized screening platform to study natural products affecting metabolism and survival in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12323. [PMID: 32704017 PMCID: PMC7378205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study a robust, whole organism screening based on Caenorhabditis elegans is presented for the discovery of natural products (NP) with beneficial effects against obesity and age-related diseases. Several parameters of the elaborated workflow were optimized to be adapted for probing multicomponent mixtures combining knowledge from traditional medicine and NP chemistry by generating optimized small-scale extracts considering scarcity of the natural source, solubility issues, and potential assay interferences. The established miniaturized assay protocol allows for in vivo probing of small amounts of even complex samples (~ 1 mg) to test their ability to increase the nematodes' survival time and the suppression of fat accumulation assessed by Nile red staining as hall marks of "healthy aging". The workflow was applied on 24 herbal and fungal materials traditionally used against symptoms of the metabolic syndrome and revealed promising results for the extracts of Gardenia jasminoides fruits and the sclerotia from Inonotus obliquus. Tested at 100 µg/mL they were able to significantly reduce the Nile red fluorescence and extend the 50% survival rate (DT50) compared to the control groups. This phenotype-directed in vivo approach opens up new horizons for the selection of natural starting materials and the investigation of their active principles as fast drug discovery tool with predictive value for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zwirchmayr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Kirchweger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Lehner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ammar Tahir
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Pretsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Xue W, Li X, Ma G, Zhang H, Chen Y, Kirchmair J, Xia J, Wu S. N-thiadiazole-4-hydroxy-2-quinolone-3-carboxamides bearing heteroaromatic rings as novel antibacterial agents: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and target identification. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:112022. [PMID: 31901744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the occurrence of antibiotic resistance, bacterial infectious diseases have become a serious threat to public health. To overcome antibiotic resistance, novel antibiotics are urgently needed. N-thiadiazole-4-hydroxy-2-quinolone-3-carboxamides are a potential new class of antibacterial agents, as one of its derivatives was identified as an antibacterial agent against S. aureus. However, no potency-directed structural optimization has been performed. In this study, we designed and synthesized 37 derivatives, and evaluated their antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC29213, which led to the identification of ten potent antibacterial agents with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values below 1 μg/mL. Next, we performed bacterial growth inhibition assays against a panel of drug-resistant clinical isolates, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and cytotoxicity assays with HepG2 and HUVEC cells. One of the tested compounds named 1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-N-(5-(thiazol-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide (g37) showed 2 to 128-times improvement compared with vancomycin in term of antibacterial potency against the tested strains (MICs: 0.25-1 μg/mL vs. 1-64 μg/mL) and an optimal selective toxicity (HepG2/MRSA, 110.6 to 221.2; HUVEC/MRSA, 77.6-155.2). Further, comprehensive evaluation indicated that g37 did not induce resistance development of MRSA over 20 passages, and it has been confirmed as a bactericidal, metabolically stable, orally active antibacterial agent. More importantly, we have identified the S. aureus DNA gyrase B as its potential target and proposed a potential binding mode by molecular docking. Taken together, the present work reports the most potent derivative of this chemical series (g37) and uncovers its potential target, which lays a solid foundation for further lead optimization facilitated by the structure-based drug design technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xueyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guixing Ma
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and SUSTech-HKU Joint Laboratories for Matrix Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and SUSTech-HKU Joint Laboratories for Matrix Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ya Chen
- Center for Bioinformatics (ZBH), Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kirchmair
- Center for Bioinformatics (ZBH), Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Computational Biology Unit (CBU), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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23
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Zhang X, Li W, Tang Y, Lin C, Cao Y, Chen Y. Mechanism of Pentagalloyl Glucose in Alleviating Fat Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:14110-14120. [PMID: 31789033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) has been studied for its valuable biological activities. However, the functional role of PGG in lipid metabolism in vivo is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of PGG on lipid metabolism and its underlying mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans. PGG decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species at 800 μM and remarkably increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. PGG decreased significantly fat accumulation in wild-type worms (39.7 ± 5.7% in the normal group and 19.9 ± 4.5% in the high-fat group by Oil red O; 21.2 ± 2.7% in the high-fat group by Nile red; p < 0.001), but fat reduction by PGG was eliminated in the skn-1 mutant. The amount and size of lipid droplets in the ZXW618 mutant were decreased by PGG. The proportions of unsaturated fatty acids in both conditions were increased by PGG. In addition, the expression levels of fat metabolism genes were significantly changed in both conditions by PGG, which include mdt-15, pod-2, elo-2, fat-6, and fat-7 genes modulated fat synthesis; aak-2 and nhr-49 genes participated in fat consumption; and tub-1 gene regulated fat storage. However, fat-5 and acs-2 were downregulated in high-fat worms only, and vit-2 and lipl-4 were downregulated in normal worms only. Our study provided new insights into the role of PGG in alleviating fat accumulation and its underlying mechanism of action in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , Guangdong , China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , Guangdong , China
| | - Yunzhou Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , Guangdong , China
| | - Chunxiu Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , Guangdong , China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , Guangdong , China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , Guangdong , China
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Soares FGN, Göethel G, Kagami LP, das Neves GM, Sauer E, Birriel E, Varela J, Gonçalves IL, Von Poser G, González M, Kawano DF, Paula FR, de Melo EB, Garcia SC, Cerecetto H, Eifler-Lima VL. Novel coumarins active against Trypanosoma cruzi and toxicity assessment using the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:76. [PMID: 31852548 PMCID: PMC6921407 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease (CD) is a tropical parasitic disease. Although the number of people infected is very high, the only drugs available to treat CD, nifurtimox (Nfx) and benznidazole, are highly toxic, particularly in the chronic stage of the disease. Coumarins are a large class of compounds that display a wide range of interesting biological properties, such as antiparasitic. Hence, the aim of this work is to find a good antitrypanosomal drug with less toxicity. The use of simple organism models has become increasingly attractive for planning and simplifying efficient drug discovery. Within these models, Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a convenient and versatile tool with significant advantages for the toxicological potential identification for new compounds. METHODS Trypanocidal activity: Forty-two 4-methylamino-coumarins were assayed against the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tulahuen 2 strain) by inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50). Toxicity assays: Lethal dose 50% (LD50) and Body Area were determined by Caenorhabditis elegans N2 strain (wild type) after acute exposure. Structure-activity relationship: A classificatory model was built using 3D descriptors. RESULTS Two of these coumarins demonstrated near equipotency to Nifurtimox (IC50 = 5.0 ± 1 μM), with values of: 11 h (LaSOM 266), (IC50 = 6.4 ± 1 μM) and 11 g (LaSOM 231), (IC50 = 8.2 ± 2.3 μM). In C. elegans it was possible to observe that Nfx showed greater toxicity in both the LD50 assay and the evaluation of the development of worms. It is possible to observe that the efficacy between Nfx and the synthesized compounds (11 h and 11 g) are similar. On the other hand, the toxicity of Nfx is approximately three times higher than that of the compounds. Results from the QSAR-3D study indicate that the volume and hydrophobicity of the substituents have a significant impact on the trypanocidal activities for derivatives that cause more than 50% of inhibition. These results show that the C. elegans model is efficient for screening potentially toxic compounds. CONCLUSION Two coumarins (11 h and 11 g) showed activity against T. cruzi epimastigote similar to Nifurtimox, however with lower toxicity in both LD50 and development of C. elegans assays. These two compounds may be a feasible starting point for the development of new trypanocidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Gomes Nascimento Soares
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Göethel
- Laboratório Toxicologia/LATOX, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano Porto Kagami
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Machado das Neves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Sauer
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Estefania Birriel
- Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Javier Varela
- Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Itamar Luís Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilsane Von Poser
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mercedes González
- Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Fábio Kawano
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fávero Reisdorfer Paula
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Borges de Melo
- Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratório Toxicologia/LATOX, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Vera Lucia Eifler-Lima
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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25
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Moret N, Clark NA, Hafner M, Wang Y, Lounkine E, Medvedovic M, Wang J, Gray N, Jenkins J, Sorger PK. Cheminformatics Tools for Analyzing and Designing Optimized Small-Molecule Collections and Libraries. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:765-777.e3. [PMID: 30956147 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Libraries of well-annotated small molecules have many uses in chemical genetics, drug discovery, and therapeutic repurposing. Multiple libraries are available, but few data-driven approaches exist to compare them and design new libraries. We describe an approach to scoring and creating libraries based on binding selectivity, target coverage, and induced cellular phenotypes as well as chemical structure, stage of clinical development, and user preference. The approach, available via the online tool http://www.smallmoleculesuite.org, assembles sets of compounds with the lowest possible off-target overlap. Analysis of six kinase inhibitor libraries using our approach reveals dramatic differences among them and led us to design a new LSP-OptimalKinase library that outperforms existing collections in target coverage and compact size. We also describe a mechanism of action library that optimally covers 1,852 targets in the liganded genome. Our tools facilitate creation, analysis, and updates of both private and public compound collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Moret
- HMS LINCS and Druggable Genome Centers, Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Warren Alpert 444, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas A Clark
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Marc Hafner
- HMS LINCS and Druggable Genome Centers, Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Warren Alpert 444, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc., 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eugen Lounkine
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc., 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Avenue, Longwood Center 2209, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathanael Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Avenue, Longwood Center 2209, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy Jenkins
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc., 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- HMS LINCS and Druggable Genome Centers, Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Warren Alpert 444, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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26
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Shen P, Zhang R, McClements DJ, Park Y. Nanoemulsion-based delivery systems for testing nutraceutical efficacy using Caenorhabditis elegans: Demonstration of curcumin bioaccumulation and body-fat reduction. Food Res Int 2019; 120:157-166. [PMID: 31000226 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans shares many similarities with that of humans and so it is widely used as a model in pharmaceutical and nutritional studies. C. elegans has a small mouth and therefore very fine lipid particles are required to orally deliver hydrophobic nutraceuticals. In this study, a nanoemulsion-based delivery system was developed to deliver curcumin to C. elegans. Nanoemulsion were fabricated with different mean particle diameters (d32 = 150 nm and 300 nm), lipid types (Medium chain triglyceride, corn, and fish oil), and emulsifier types (Tween 80 and whey protein). The auto-fluorescence intensity of curcumin was used as an indicator of curcumin accumulation in C. elegans. The structure and composition of nanoemulsions had a significant influence on curcumin bioaccumulation in C. elegans. Curcumin bioaccumulation increased with increasing droplet size, was found to be higher in nanoemulsion containing corn oil compared with those containing fish oil or MCT, and was higher for droplets coated by whey protein than by Tween 80. The nematodes treated with curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions showed significantly reduced fat accumulation compared to the control group. This study could provide useful information to widen the application of C. elegans in research involving lipophilic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Shen
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ruojie Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Laboratory for Environmental Health NanoScience, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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27
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Wang J, He J. Swertiamarin decreases lipid accumulation dependent on 3-ketoacyl-coA thiolase. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108668. [PMID: 30784937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds are important resources for drug discovery. Using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) models, we screened active natural compounds with lipid lowering effects. Swertiamarin was found as a potent candidate to reduce lipid content in C. elegans. Using RNAi screening, we were able to demonstrate that kat-1 (ketoacyl thiolase-1) is necessary for the lipid lowering effect of swertiamarin. Furthermore, the activity of swertiamarin was verified in high fat diet induced obese mice. Consistent with the results in C. elegans, swertiamarin ameliorated high fat diet induced lipid deposition and hyperlipidemia. These results indicate that swertiamarin exerts lipid-lowering effects through kat-1 regulation and could serve as a possible therapeutic option to improve hyperlipidemia induced comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Wang
- Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiantai He
- Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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28
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Yue Y, Shen P, Chang AL, Qi W, Kim KH, Kim D, Park Y. trans-Trismethoxy resveratrol decreased fat accumulation dependent on fat-6 and fat-7 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Funct 2019; 10:4966-4974. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00778d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
trans-Trismethoxy resveratrol reduced fat accumulation via the regulation of FAT-6 and FAT-7, stearoyl-CoA desaturases homologs, in Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Peiyi Shen
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Amanda L. Chang
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Weipeng Qi
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
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29
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Chow YL, Sato F. Transgenerational lipid-reducing activity of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genes Cells 2018; 24:70-81. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yit-Lai Chow
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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30
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Shen P, Yue Y, Zheng J, Park Y. Caenorhabditis elegans: A Convenient In Vivo Model for Assessing the Impact of Food Bioactive Compounds on Obesity, Aging, and Alzheimer's Disease. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2018; 9:1-22. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030117-012709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Shen
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | | | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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31
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Nie Y, Littleton B, Kavanagh T, Abbate V, Bansal SS, Richards D, Hylands P, Stürzenbaum SR. Proanthocyanidin trimer gallate modulates lipid deposition and fatty acid desaturation in
Caenorhabditis elegans. FASEB J 2017; 31:4891-4902. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700438r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nie
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences DivisionFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine
| | - Brad Littleton
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of Natural and Mathematical SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas Kavanagh
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of Natural and Mathematical SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine
| | | | - David Richards
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of Natural and Mathematical SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter Hylands
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine
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32
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Shen P, Yue Y, Park Y. A living model for obesity and aging research:Caenorhabditis elegans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:741-754. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1220914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Shen
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Shen P, Yue Y, Kim KH, Park Y. Piceatannol Reduces Fat Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Med Food 2017; 20:887-894. [PMID: 28514198 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess fat accumulation and abnormal metabolism are involved in numerous diseases and thus the research on identification of compounds that can regulate energy homeostasis could significantly facilitate the current effort to prevent and/or treat metabolic disorders. Piceatannol, one of the natural stilbenes, was previously found to decrease lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, its role in fat metabolism in vivo is not known. Thus, Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model was used in the current study to determine the effect of piceatannol on fat accumulation and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that 50 and 100 μM piceatannol significantly reduced fat accumulation of wild-type worms grown in normal and high-glucose conditions without altering the growth rate, worm length, pumping rate, or moving speed. The current study further indicated that piceatannol decreased the expression of sbp-1 (encodes an ortholog of mammalian sterol regulatory element-binding protein) and its target gene fasn-1 (encodes an ortholog of fatty acid synthase) as well as increased the expression of hosl-1 (encodes an ortholog of hormone-sensitive lipase) in glucose-treated worms. These data suggested that piceatannol reduced fat accumulation in C. elegans by suppression of genes involved in lipid synthesis and possibly through stimulation of lipolysis. Given that piceatannol exerts similar effects in both C. elegans and 3T3-L1 cells, our finding could provide a mechanistic insight into the role of piceatannol in lipid metabolism in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Shen
- 1 Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yiren Yue
- 1 Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- 2 Department of Food Science, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana, USA .,3 Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- 1 Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Lee J, Yue Y, Park Y, Lee SH. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Suppresses Adipogenesis Using AMPKα-Dependent Mechanism in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Caenorhabditis elegans. J Med Food 2017; 20:646-652. [PMID: 28459610 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
3,3'-diindolylmethane is a major in vivo metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, a bioactive compound found in cruciferous vegetables. Although 3,3'-diindolylmethane has been implicated to possess antitumorigenic and anti-inflammatory properties, the effect of 3,3'-diindolylmethane on adipogenesis has not been explored previously. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine if 3,3'-diindolylmethane affects adipogenesis using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Caenorhabditis elegans. Treatment of 3,3'-diindolylmethane significantly reduced fat accumulation without affecting viability in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3,3'-diindolylmethane suppressed expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), and perilipin. In addition, 3,3'-diindolylmethane activated AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), which subsequently inactivated acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), resulting in reduced fat accumulation. These observations were further confirmed in C. elegans as treatment with 3,3'-diindolylmethane significantly reduced body fat accumulation, which was partly associated with aak-1, but not aak-2, orthologs of AMPKα catalytic subunits α1 and α2, respectively. The current results demonstrate that 3,3'-diindolylmethane, a biologically active metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, may prevent adipogenesis through the AMPKα-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Yiren Yue
- 2 Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- 2 Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland, USA
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35
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Shen P, Hsieh TH, Yue Y, Sun Q, Clark JM, Park Y. Deltamethrin increases the fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 101:149-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Determination of cellular neutral lipid levels in yeast is important for both the biotechnology industry and biomedical research. However, many of the currently available methods are labor intensive and time consuming. Here we describe a rapid and repeatable method for the detection of neutral lipids, which can be utilized in both oleaginous and non-oleaginous yeast species. The method utilizes the fluorescent dye, Nile red, which enables neutral lipid levels to either be visualized via microscopy or quantified using a 96-well plate assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Ann Rostron
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Clare Louise Lawrence
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK.
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37
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Zhang D, Robinson K, Mihai DM, Washington I. Sequestration of ubiquitous dietary derived pigments enables mitochondrial light sensing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34320. [PMID: 27731322 PMCID: PMC5059631 DOI: 10.1038/srep34320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals alter their physiological states in response to their environment. We show that the introduction of a chlorophyll metabolite, a light-absorbing pigment widely consumed in human diets, to Caenorhabditis elegans results in animals whose fat mass can be modulated by exposure to light, despite the worm consuming the same amount of food. In the presence of the chlorophyll metabolite, exposing the worms to light increased adenosine triphosphate, reduced oxidative damage, and increased median life spans, without an effect on animal reproduction. Mice fed a dietary metabolite of chlorophyll and exposed to light, over several months, showed reductions in systemic inflammation as measured by plasma α-macroglobulin. We propose that dietary chlorophyll metabolites can enable mitochondria to use light as an environmental cue, by absorbing light and transferring the energy to mitochondrial coenzyme Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Columbia University Medical Center, Ophthalmology, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kiera Robinson
- Columbia University Medical Center, Ophthalmology, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Doina M Mihai
- Columbia University Medical Center, Ophthalmology, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ilyas Washington
- Columbia University Medical Center, Ophthalmology, New York, NY 10032, USA
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38
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Lemieux GA, Ashrafi K. Investigating Connections between Metabolism, Longevity, and Behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:586-596. [PMID: 27289335 PMCID: PMC4958586 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An overview of Caenorhabditis elegans as an experimental organism for studying energy balance is presented. Some of the unresolved questions that complicate the interpretation of lipid measurements from C. elegans are highlighted. We review studies that show that both lipid synthesis and lipid breakdown pathways are activated and needed for the longevity of hermaphrodites that lack their germlines. These findings illustrate the heterogeneity of triglyceride-rich lipid particles in C. elegans and reveal specific lipid signals that promote longevity. Finally, we provide a brief overview of feeding behavioral responses of C. elegans to varying nutritional conditions and highlight an unanticipated metabolic pathway that allows the incorporation of experience in feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaveh Ashrafi
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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39
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Jordão R, Garreta E, Campos B, Lemos MFL, Soares AMVM, Tauler R, Barata C. Compounds altering fat storage in Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 545-546:127-136. [PMID: 26747981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of lipid disruptive effects in invertebrates is limited by our poor knowledge of the lipid metabolic pathways. A recent study showed that tributyltin activated the ecdysteroid, juvenile hormone and retinoic X receptor signaling pathways, and disrupted the dynamics of neutral lipids in the crustacean Daphnia magna impairing the transfer of triacylglycerols to eggs and hence promoting their accumulation in post-spawning females. Tributyltin disruptive effects correlated with lower fitness for offspring and adults. The present study aims to addresses effects of existing compounds on storage lipids in post-spawning females and their health effects. D. magna individuals were exposed 12 chemicals that included vertebrate obesogens (tributyltin, triphenyltin, bisphenol A, nonylphenol, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), other contaminants known to affect arthropods (pyriproxyfen, fenarimol, methoprene, emamectin benzoate and fluoxetine), as well as the natural hormones methyl farnesoate and 20-hydroxyecdysone. Reproductive effects were also assessed. Quantitative changes in storage lipids accumulated in lipid droplets were studied using Nile red staining, which showed a close relationship with whole organism levels of triacylglycerols. Ten compounds altered storage lipids in a concentration related manner enhancing (tributyltin, bisphenol A, methyl farnesoate, pyriproxyfen and 20-hydroxyecdysone) or decreasing (nonylphenol, fenarimol, emamectin benzoate, methoprene and fluoxetine) their levels in post-spawning females. Eight compounds that altered lipid levels also had detrimental effects on growth and/or reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Jordão
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Environmental and Marine studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Elba Garreta
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno Campos
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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40
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Lee D, Jeong DE, Son HG, Yamaoka Y, Kim H, Seo K, Khan AA, Roh TY, Moon DW, Lee Y, Lee SJV. SREBP and MDT-15 protect C. elegans from glucose-induced accelerated aging by preventing accumulation of saturated fat. Genes Dev 2015; 29:2490-503. [PMID: 26637528 PMCID: PMC4691952 DOI: 10.1101/gad.266304.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-rich diets shorten the life spans of various organisms. However, the metabolic processes involved in this phenomenon remain unknown. Here, we show that sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) and mediator-15 (MDT-15) prevent the life-shortening effects of a glucose-rich diet by regulating fat-converting processes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Up-regulation of the SREBP/MDT-15 transcription factor complex was necessary and sufficient for alleviating the life-shortening effect of a glucose-rich diet. Glucose feeding induced key enzymes that convert saturated fatty acids (SFAs) to unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), which are regulated by SREBP and MDT-15. Furthermore, SREBP/MDT-15 reduced the levels of SFAs and moderated glucose toxicity on life span. Our study may help to develop strategies against elevated blood glucose and free fatty acids, which cause glucolipotoxicity in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Dae-Eun Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Heehwa G Son
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Yasuyo Yamaoka
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Keunhee Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Abdul Aziz Khan
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Tae-Young Roh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Moon
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae V Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea; Information Technology Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
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41
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Vonnegut CL, Shonkwiler AM, Khalifa MM, Zakharov LN, Johnson DW, Haley MM. Facile Synthesis and Properties of 2-λ(5)-Phosphaquinolines and 2-λ(5)-Phosphaquinolin-2-ones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13318-22. [PMID: 26361244 PMCID: PMC4624000 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of 2-ethynylanilines with P(OPh)3 gives either 2,2-diphenoxy-2-λ(5)-phosphaquinolines or 2-phenoxy-2-λ(5)-phosphaquinolin-2-ones under transition-metal-free conditions. This reaction offers access to an underexplored heterocycle, which opens up the study of the fundamental nature of the N=P(V) double bond and its potential for delocalization within a cyclic π-electron system. This heterocycle can serve as a carbostyril mimic, with application as a bioisostere for pharmaceuticals based on the 2-quinolinone scaffold. It also holds promise as a new fluorophore, since initial screening reveals quantum yields upwards of 40%, Stokes shifts of 50-150 nm, and emission wavelengths of 380-540 nm. The phosphaquinolin-2-ones possess one of the strongest solution-state dimerization constants for a D-A system (130 M(-1)) owing to the close proximity of a strong acceptor (P=O) and a strong donor (phosphonamidate N-H), which suggests that they might hold promise as new hydrogen-bonding hosts for optoelectronic sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris L Vonnegut
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253 (USA)
| | - Airlia M Shonkwiler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253 (USA)
| | - Muhammad M Khalifa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253 (USA)
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR-Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1443 (USA)
| | - Darren W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253 (USA).
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253 (USA).
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42
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Whole-organism screening for modulators of fasting metabolism using transgenic zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1263:157-65. [PMID: 25618343 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2269-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Organismal energy homeostasis is maintained by complex interorgan communications making the discovery of novel drugs against metabolic diseases challenging using traditional high-throughput approaches in vitro. Here, we describe a method that rapidly identifies small molecules with an impact on organismal energy balance in vivo. Specifically, we developed a whole-organism screen for modulators of fasting metabolism using transgenic bioluminescence-reporter zebrafish for the gluconeogenic gene phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxykinase 1 (pck1).
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43
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Vonnegut CL, Shonkwiler AM, Khalifa MM, Zakharov LN, Johnson DW, Haley MM. Facile Synthesis and Properties of 2‐λ
5
‐Phosphaquinolines and 2‐λ
5
‐Phosphaquinolin‐2‐ones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris L. Vonnegut
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403‐1253 (USA)
| | - Airlia M. Shonkwiler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403‐1253 (USA)
| | - Muhammad M. Khalifa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403‐1253 (USA)
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- CAMCOR—Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403‐1443 (USA)
| | - Darren W. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403‐1253 (USA)
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403‐1253 (USA)
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44
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Wase N, Tu B, Black PN, DiRusso CC. Phenotypic screening identifies Brefeldin A/Ascotoxin as an inducer of lipid storage in the algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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45
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Zhang X, Tian Y, Zhang H, Kavishwar A, Lynes M, Brownell AL, Sun H, Tseng YH, Moore A, Ran C. Curcumin analogues as selective fluorescence imaging probes for brown adipose tissue and monitoring browning. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13116. [PMID: 26269357 PMCID: PMC4534785 DOI: 10.1038/srep13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) can be promising new approaches to counter metabolic disorder diseases in humans. Imaging probes that could consistently monitor BAT mass and browning of WAT are highly desirable. In the course of our imaging probe screening, we found that BAT could be imaged with curcumin analogues in mice. However, the poor BAT selectivity over WAT and short emissions of the lead probes promoted further lead optimization. Limited uptake mechanism studies suggested that CD36/FAT (fatty acid transporter) probably contributed to the facilitated uptake of the probes. By increasing the stereo-hindrance of the lead compound, we designed CRANAD-29 to extend the emission and increase the facilitated uptake, thus increasing its BAT selectivity. Our data demonstrated that CRANAD-29 had significantly improved selectivity for BAT over WAT, and could be used for imaging BAT mass change in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model, as well as for monitoring BAT activation under cold exposure. In addition, CRANAD-29 could be used for monitoring the browning of subcutaneous WAT (sWAT) induced by β3-adrenoceptor agonist CL-316, 243.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zhang
- 1] Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA [2] School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China [3] Department of pharmacy, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanli Tian
- 1] Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA [2] Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Amol Kavishwar
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew Lynes
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Anna-Liisa Brownell
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hongbin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Anna Moore
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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46
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Burns AR, Luciani GM, Musso G, Bagg R, Yeo M, Zhang Y, Rajendran L, Glavin J, Hunter R, Redman E, Stasiuk S, Schertzberg M, Angus McQuibban G, Caffrey CR, Cutler SR, Tyers M, Giaever G, Nislow C, Fraser AG, MacRae CA, Gilleard J, Roy PJ. Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model for anthelmintic discovery. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7485. [PMID: 26108372 PMCID: PMC4491176 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes infect one quarter of the world's population and impact all humans through widespread infection of crops and livestock. Resistance to current anthelmintics has prompted the search for new drugs. Traditional screens that rely on parasitic worms are costly and labour intensive and target-based approaches have failed to yield novel anthelmintics. Here, we present our screen of 67,012 compounds to identify those that kill the non-parasitic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We then rescreen our hits in two parasitic nematode species and two vertebrate models (HEK293 cells and zebrafish), and identify 30 structurally distinct anthelmintic lead molecules. Genetic screens of 19 million C. elegans mutants reveal those nematicides for which the generation of resistance is and is not likely. We identify the target of one lead with nematode specificity and nanomolar potency as complex II of the electron transport chain. This work establishes C. elegans as an effective and cost-efficient model system for anthelmintic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Burns
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Genna M. Luciani
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Gabriel Musso
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Rachel Bagg
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - May Yeo
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Luckshika Rajendran
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - John Glavin
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Robert Hunter
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Elizabeth Redman
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4Z6
| | - Susan Stasiuk
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4Z6
| | - Michael Schertzberg
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - G. Angus McQuibban
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Sean R. Cutler
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Mike Tyers
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Guri Giaever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Corey Nislow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Andy G. Fraser
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Calum A. MacRae
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - John Gilleard
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4Z6
| | - Peter J. Roy
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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47
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Lemieux GA, Ashrafi K. Insights and challenges in using C. elegans for investigation of fat metabolism. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 50:69-84. [PMID: 25228063 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.959890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
C. elegans provides a genetically tractable system for deciphering the homeostatic mechanisms that underlie fat regulation in intact organisms. Here, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the C. elegans fat field with particular attention to studies of C. elegans lipid droplets, the complex links between lipases, autophagy, and lifespan, and analyses of key transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that coordinate lipid homeostasis. These studies demonstrate the ancient origins of mammalian and C. elegans fat regulatory pathways and highlight how C. elegans is being used to identify and analyze novel lipid pathways that are then shown to function similarly in mammals. Despite its many advantages, study of fat regulation in C. elegans is currently faced with a number of conceptual and methodological challenges. We critically evaluate some of the assumptions in the field and highlight issues that we believe should be taken into consideration when interpreting lipid content data in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Lemieux
- Department of Physiology, University of California , San Francisco, CA , USA
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48
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Abstract
When energy supply is low, organisms respond by slowing aging and increasing resistance to diverse age-related pathologies. Targeting the mechanisms underpinning this response may therefore treat multiple disorders through a single intervention. Here, we discuss AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as an integrator and mediator of several pathways and processes linking energetics to longevity. Activated by low energy, AMPK is both prolongevity and druggable, but its role in some pathologies may not be beneficial. As such, activating AMPK may modulate multiple longevity pathways to promote healthy aging, but unlocking its full potential may require selective targeting toward substrates involved in longevity assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William B Mair
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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49
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Cunningham KA, Bouagnon AD, Barros AG, Lin L, Malard L, Romano-Silva MA, Ashrafi K. Loss of a neural AMP-activated kinase mimics the effects of elevated serotonin on fat, movement, and hormonal secretions. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004394. [PMID: 24921650 PMCID: PMC4055570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved master regulator of metabolism and a therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes. As an energy sensor, AMPK activity is responsive to both metabolic inputs, for instance the ratio of AMP to ATP, and numerous hormonal cues. As in mammals, each of two genes, aak-1 and aak-2, encode for the catalytic subunit of AMPK in C. elegans. Here we show that in C. elegans loss of aak-2 mimics the effects of elevated serotonin signaling on fat reduction, slowed movement, and promoting exit from dauer arrest. Reconstitution of aak-2 in only the nervous system restored wild type fat levels and movement rate to aak-2 mutants and reconstitution in only the ASI neurons was sufficient to significantly restore dauer maintenance to the mutant animals. As in elevated serotonin signaling, inactivation of AAK-2 in the ASI neurons caused enhanced secretion of dense core vesicles from these neurons. The ASI neurons are the site of production of the DAF-7 TGF-β ligand and the DAF-28 insulin, both of which are secreted by dense core vesicles and play critical roles in whether animals stay in dauer or undergo reproductive development. These findings show that elevated levels of serotonin promote enhanced secretions of systemic regulators of pro-growth and differentiation pathways through inactivation of AAK-2. As such, AMPK is not only a recipient of hormonal signals but can also be an upstream regulator. Our data suggest that some of the physiological phenotypes previously attributed to peripheral AAK-2 activity on metabolic targets may instead be due to the role of this kinase in neural serotonin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Cunningham
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Aude D. Bouagnon
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alexandre G. Barros
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Leandro Malard
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kaveh Ashrafi
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Riu A, McCollum CW, Pinto CL, Grimaldi M, Hillenweck A, Perdu E, Zalko D, Bernard L, Laudet V, Balaguer P, Bondesson M, Gustafsson JA. Halogenated bisphenol-A analogs act as obesogens in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). Toxicol Sci 2014; 139:48-58. [PMID: 24591153 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has increased dramatically over the past decades, reaching epidemic proportions. The reasons are likely multifactorial. One of the suggested causes is the accelerated exposure to obesity-inducing chemicals (obesogens). However, out of the tens of thousands of industrial chemicals humans are exposed to, very few have been tested for their obesogenic potential, mostly due to the limited availability of appropriate in vivo screening models. In this study, we investigated whether two commonly used flame retardants, the halogenated bisphenol-A (BPA) analogs tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) and tetrachlorobisphenol-A (TCBPA), could act as obesogens using zebrafish larvae as an in vivo animal model. The effect of embryonic exposure to these chemicals on lipid accumulation was analyzed by Oil Red-O staining, and correlated to their capacity to activate human and zebrafish peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in zebrafish and in reporter cell lines. Then, the metabolic fate of TBBPA and TCBPA in zebrafish larvae was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) . TBBPA and TCBPA were readily taken up by the fish embryo and both compounds were biotransformed to sulfate-conjugated metabolites. Both halogenated-BPAs, as well as TBBPA-sulfate induced lipid accumulation in zebrafish larvae. TBBPA and TCBPA also induced late-onset weight gain in juvenile zebrafish. These effects correlated to their capacity to act as zebrafish PPARγ agonists. Screening of chemicals for inherent obesogenic capacities through the zebrafish lipid accumulation model could facilitate prioritizing chemicals for further investigations in rodents, and ultimately, help protect humans from exposure to environmental obesogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Riu
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
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