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Desclos le Peley V, Grateau S, Moreau-Vauzelle C, Raboteau D, Chevallereau C, Requier F, Aupinel P, Richard FJ. Experimental Ecotoxicology Procedures Interfere with Honey Bee Life History. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1320-1331. [PMID: 38661473 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Apis mellifera was used as a model species for ecotoxicological testing. In the present study, we tested the effects of acetone (0.1% in feed), a solvent commonly used to dissolve pesticides, on bees exposed at different developmental stages (larval and/or adult). Moreover, we explored the potential effect of in vitro larval rearing, a commonly used technique for accurately monitoring worker exposure at the larval stage, by combining acetone exposure and treatment conditions (in vitro larval rearing vs. in vivo larval rearing). We then analyzed the life-history traits of the experimental bees using radio frequency identification technology over three sessions (May, June, and August) to assess the potential seasonal dependence of the solvent effects. Our results highlight the substantial influence of in vitro larval rearing on the life cycle of bees, with a 47.7% decrease in life span, a decrease of 0.9 days in the age at first exit, an increase of 57.3% in the loss rate at first exit, and a decrease of 40.6% in foraging tenure. We did not observe any effect of exposure to acetone at the larval stage on the capacities of bees reared in vitro. Conversely, acetone exposure at the adult stage reduced the bee life span by 21.8% to 60%, decreased the age at first exit by 1.12 to 4.34 days, and reduced the foraging tenure by 30% to 37.7%. Interestingly, we found a significant effect of season on acetone exposure, suggesting that interference with the life-history traits of honey bees is dependent on season. These findings suggest improved integration of long-term monitoring for assessing sublethal responses in bees following exposure to chemicals during both the larval and adult stages. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1320-1331. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Desclos le Peley
- Laboratoire Écologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire EBI-Équipe Écologie Évolution Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Stéphane Grateau
- UE 1255 Abeilles, Paysages, Interactions et Systèmes de culture,Station du Magneraud, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Surgères, France
| | - Carole Moreau-Vauzelle
- UE 1255 Abeilles, Paysages, Interactions et Systèmes de culture,Station du Magneraud, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Surgères, France
| | - Daniel Raboteau
- UE 1255 Abeilles, Paysages, Interactions et Systèmes de culture,Station du Magneraud, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Surgères, France
| | - Colombe Chevallereau
- UE 1255 Abeilles, Paysages, Interactions et Systèmes de culture,Station du Magneraud, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Surgères, France
| | - Fabrice Requier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierrick Aupinel
- UE 1255 Abeilles, Paysages, Interactions et Systèmes de culture,Station du Magneraud, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Surgères, France
| | - Freddie-Jeanne Richard
- Laboratoire Écologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire EBI-Équipe Écologie Évolution Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Mamy L, Pesce S, Sanchez W, Aviron S, Bedos C, Berny P, Bertrand C, Betoulle S, Charles S, Chaumot A, Coeurdassier M, Coutellec MA, Crouzet O, Faburé J, Fritsch C, Gonzalez P, Hedde M, Leboulanger C, Margoum C, Mougin C, Munaron D, Nélieu S, Pelosi C, Rault M, Sucré E, Thomas M, Tournebize J, Leenhardt S. Impacts of neonicotinoids on biodiversity: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31032-3. [PMID: 38036909 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, but they have raised numerous concerns regarding their effects on biodiversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to do a critical review of the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air, biota) by neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) and of their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Neonicotinoids are very frequently detected in soils and in freshwater, and they are also found in the air. They have only been recently monitored in coastal and marine environments, but some studies already reported the presence of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in transitional or semi-enclosed ecosystems (lagoons, bays, and estuaries). The contamination of the environment leads to the exposure and to the contamination of non-target organisms and to negative effects on biodiversity. Direct impacts of neonicotinoids are mainly reported on terrestrial invertebrates (e.g., pollinators, natural enemies, earthworms) and vertebrates (e.g., birds) and on aquatic invertebrates (e.g., arthropods). Impacts on aquatic vertebrate populations and communities, as well as on microorganisms, are less documented. In addition to their toxicity to directly exposed organisms, neonicotinoid induce indirect effects via trophic cascades as demonstrated in several species (terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates). However, more data are needed to reach firmer conclusions and to get a clearer picture of such indirect effects. Finally, we identified specific knowledge gaps that need to be filled to better understand the effects of neonicotinoids on terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms, as well as on ecosystem services associated with these biotas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Mamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
| | | | | | | | - Carole Bedos
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe Berny
- UR ICE Vetagro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire, 69280, Marcy‑L'Etoile, France
| | - Colette Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Betoulle
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Normandie Université, ULH, INERIS, SEBIO, 51100, Reims, France
| | | | | | - Michael Coeurdassier
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS-Université de Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Coutellec
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Ifremer, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Crouzet
- OFB, Direction de la Recherche et Appui Scientifique (DRAS), 78610, Auffargis, France
| | - Juliette Faburé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS-Université de Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, Univ. Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Mickael Hedde
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Christian Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Sylvie Nélieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Magali Rault
- Université d'Avignon, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - Elliott Sucré
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34200, Sète, France
- Centre Universitaire de Formation Et de Recherche de Mayotte (CUFR), 97660, Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Marielle Thomas
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54000, Nancy, France
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Gaubert J, Giovenazzo P, Derome N. Individual and social defenses in Apis mellifera: a playground to fight against synergistic stressor interactions. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1172859. [PMID: 37485064 PMCID: PMC10360197 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1172859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The honeybee is an important species for the agri-food and pharmaceutical industries through bee products and crop pollination services. However, honeybee health is a major concern, because beekeepers in many countries are experiencing significant colony losses. This phenomenon has been linked to the exposure of bees to multiple stresses in their environment. Indeed, several biotic and abiotic stressors interact with bees in a synergistic or antagonistic way. Synergistic stressors often act through a disruption of their defense systems (immune response or detoxification). Antagonistic interactions are most often caused by interactions between biotic stressors or disruptive activation of bee defenses. Honeybees have developed behavioral defense strategies and produce antimicrobial compounds to prevent exposure to various pathogens and chemicals. Expanding our knowledge about these processes could be used to develop strategies to shield bees from exposure. This review aims to describe current knowledge about the exposure of honeybees to multiple stresses and the defense mechanisms they have developed to protect themselves. The effect of multi-stress exposure is mainly due to a disruption of the immune response, detoxification, or an excessive defense response by the bee itself. In addition, bees have developed defenses against stressors, some behavioral, others involving the production of antimicrobials, or exploiting beneficial external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Gaubert
- Laboratoire Derome, Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire Giovenazzo, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Giovenazzo
- Laboratoire Derome, Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Derome
- Laboratoire Derome, Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire Giovenazzo, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Kenna D, Graystock P, Gill RJ. Toxic temperatures: Bee behaviours exhibit divergent pesticide toxicity relationships with warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2981-2998. [PMID: 36944569 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and agricultural intensification are exposing insect pollinators to temperature extremes and increasing pesticide usage. Yet, we lack good quantification of how temperature modulates the sublethal effects of pesticides on behaviours vital for fitness and pollination performance. Consequently, we are uncertain if warming decreases or increases the severity of different pesticide impacts, and whether separate behaviours vary in the direction of response. Quantifying these interactive effects is vital in forecasting pesticide risk across climate regions and informing pesticide application strategies and pollinator conservation. This multi-stressor study investigated the responses of six functional behaviours of bumblebees when exposed to either a neonicotinoid (imidacloprid) or a sulfoximine (sulfoxaflor) across a standardised low, mid, and high temperature. We found the neonicotinoid had a significant effect on five of the six behaviours, with a greater effect at the lower temperature(s) when measuring responsiveness, the likelihood of movement, walking rate, and food consumption rate. In contrast, the neonicotinoid had a greater impact on flight distance at the higher temperature. Our findings show that different organismal functions can exhibit divergent thermal responses, with some pesticide-affected behaviours showing greater impact as temperatures dropped, and others as temperatures rose. We must therefore account for environmental context when determining pesticide risk. Moreover, we found evidence of synergistic effects, with just a 3°C increase causing a sudden drop in flight performance, despite seeing no effect of pesticide at the two lower temperatures. Our findings highlight the importance of multi-stressor studies to quantify threats to insects, which will help to improve dynamic evaluations of population tipping points and spatiotemporal risks to biodiversity across different climate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kenna
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Berkshire, UK
| | - Peter Graystock
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Berkshire, UK
| | - Richard J Gill
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Berkshire, UK
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Devkota K, Egan PA, Dos Santos CF, Blochtein B. Beekeeping Livelihood Development in Nepal: Value-Added Opportunities and Professional Support Needs. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:706-714. [PMID: 35526117 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Beekeeping contributes to poverty reduction in many developing countries, and in addition, provides pollination services for sustainable crop production. In Nepal, management practices associated with beekeeping are poorly characterized, and so the potential for this sector to further contribute to livelihood development remains unclear. This study sought to examine and identify factors associated with production efficiency and financial profitability of beekeeping with the aim of enhancing economic gains for Nepali beekeepers. Our study included a sample of 150 respondents from more than twenty commercial beekeeping districts across the Terai and mountainous regions of Nepal. Profitability of beekeeping with the European honeybee (Apis mellifera) Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and the Asian honeybee Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was quantified and disaggregated according to several variables, including hive-derived products produced, marketing strategy employed, number of beehives managed, and postharvest management practices. Our results showed that the different types of management practices adopted (such as number of beehives kept, colony multiplication, supplementary feeding, month of honey harvesting, and marketing approach) significantly influenced the productivity and economic profitability of beekeeping. Our results also revealed that professional supports, such as the availability of subsidies and training, were key factors to enhance productivity. As a whole, this study provides insight into the biological factors and management practices associated with higher economic returns from beekeeping. This work can help guide policymakers and professional support agencies to expand commercial beekeeping for sustainable livelihood development in Nepal and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Devkota
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural and Forestry University, Rampur, PO Box 13712, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - P A Egan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural and Forestry University, Rampur, PO Box 13712, Chitwan, Nepal
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 102, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - C F Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - B Blochtein
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Rundlöf M, Stuligross C, Lindh A, Malfi RL, Burns K, Mola JM, Cibotti S, Williams NM. Flower plantings support wild bee reproduction and may also mitigate pesticide exposure effects. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Landscape Ecotoxicology Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Clara Stuligross
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis CA USA
- Graduate Group in Ecology University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Arvid Lindh
- Department of Biology, Landscape Ecotoxicology Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Rosemary L. Malfi
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Katherine Burns
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis CA USA
| | - John M. Mola
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis CA USA
- Graduate Group in Ecology University of California Davis CA USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Staci Cibotti
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Neal M. Williams
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis CA USA
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Aulsebrook LC, Wong BBM, Hall MD. Warmer temperatures limit the effects of antidepressant pollution on life-history traits. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212701. [PMID: 35135347 PMCID: PMC8825998 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical pollutants pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Yet, few studies have considered the interaction between pharmaceuticals and other chronic stressors contemporaneously, even though the environmental challenges confronting animals in the wild seldom, if ever, occur in isolation. Thermal stress is one such environmental challenge that may modify the threat of pharmaceutical pollutants. Accordingly, we investigated how fluoxetine (Prozac), a common psychotherapeutic and widespread pollutant, interacts with temperature to affect life-history traits in the water flea, Daphnia magna. We chronically exposed two genotypes of Daphnia to two ecological relevant concentrations of fluoxetine (30 ng l-1 and 300 ng l-1) and a concentration representing levels used in acute toxicity tests (3000 ng l-1) and quantified the change in phenotypic trajectories at two temperatures (20°C and 25°C). Across multiple life-history traits, we found that fluoxetine exposure impacted the fecundity, body size and intrinsic growth rate of Daphnia in a non-monotonic manner at 20°C, and often in genotypic-specific ways. At 25°C, however, the life-history phenotypes of individuals converged under the widely varying levels of fluoxetine, irrespective of genotype. Our study underscores the importance of considering the complexity of interactions that can occur in the wild when assessing the effects of chemical pollutants on life-history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda C Aulsebrook
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew D Hall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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Xiao J, He Q, Liu Q, Wang Z, Yin F, Chai Y, Yang Q, Jiang X, Liao M, Yu L, Jiang W, Cao H. Analysis of honey bee exposure to multiple pesticide residues in the hive environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150292. [PMID: 34536857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the loss of honeybees in hives could have a greater impact on colony health than those of their foraging bees, it is imperative to know beehives' pesticide exposure via oral ingestion of contaminated in-hive matrices. Here, a 4-year monitoring survey of 64 pesticide residues in pollen, nectar and related beehive matrices (beebread and honey) from China's main honey producing areas was carried out using a modified version of the QuEChERS multi-residue method. The results showed that 93.6% of pollen, 81.5% of nectar, 96.6% of beebread, and 49.3% of honey containing at least one target pesticide were detected either at or above the method detection limits (MDLs), respectively, with up to 19 pesticides found per sample. Carbendazim was the most frequently detected pesticide (present in >85% of the samples), and pyrethroids were also abundant (median concentration = 134.3-279.0 μg/kg). The transfer of pesticides from the environment into the beehive was shown, but the pesticide transference ratio may be affected by complex factors. Although the overall risk to colony health from pesticides appears to be at an acceptable level, the hazard quotient/hazard index (HQ/HI) value revealed that pyrethroids were clearly the most influential contributor, accounting for up to 45% of HI. Collectively, these empirical findings provide further insights into the extent of contamination caused by agricultural pesticide use on honeybee colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Xiao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Qibao He
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Qiongqiong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Fang Yin
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yuhao Chai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Xingchuan Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Linsheng Yu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Wayne Jiang
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 48824 East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Haiqun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China.
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An integrated host-microbiome response to atrazine exposure mediates toxicity in Drosophila. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1324. [PMID: 34819611 PMCID: PMC8613235 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome produces vitamins, nutrients, and neurotransmitters, and helps to modulate the host immune system-and also plays a major role in the metabolism of many exogenous compounds, including drugs and chemical toxicants. However, the extent to which specific microbial species or communities modulate hazard upon exposure to chemicals remains largely opaque. Focusing on the effects of collateral dietary exposure to the widely used herbicide atrazine, we applied integrated omics and phenotypic screening to assess the role of the gut microbiome in modulating host resilience in Drosophila melanogaster. Transcriptional and metabolic responses to these compounds are sex-specific and depend strongly on the presence of the commensal microbiome. Sequencing the genomes of all abundant microbes in the fly gut revealed an enzymatic pathway responsible for atrazine detoxification unique to Acetobacter tropicalis. We find that Acetobacter tropicalis alone, in gnotobiotic animals, is sufficient to rescue increased atrazine toxicity to wild-type, conventionally reared levels. This work points toward the derivation of biotic strategies to improve host resilience to environmental chemical exposures, and illustrates the power of integrative omics to identify pathways responsible for adverse health outcomes.
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10
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Kenna D, Pawar S, Gill RJ. Thermal flight performance reveals impact of warming on bumblebee foraging potential. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kenna
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College LondonSilwood Park Campus Ascot UK
| | - Samraat Pawar
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College LondonSilwood Park Campus Ascot UK
| | - Richard J. Gill
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College LondonSilwood Park Campus Ascot UK
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11
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Barascou L, Brunet JL, Belzunces L, Decourtye A, Henry M, Fourrier J, Le Conte Y, Alaux C. Pesticide risk assessment in honeybees: Toward the use of behavioral and reproductive performances as assessment endpoints. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130134. [PMID: 33690036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The growing gap between new evidence of pesticide toxicity in honeybees and conventional toxicological assays recommended by regulatory test guidelines emphasizes the need to complement current lethal endpoints with sublethal endpoints. In this context, behavioral and reproductive performances have received growing interest since the 2000s, likely due to their ecological relevance and/or the emergence of new technologies. We review the biological interests and methodological measurements of these predominantly studied endpoints and discuss their possible use in the pesticide risk assessment procedure based on their standardization level, simplicity and ecological relevance. It appears that homing flights and reproduction have great potential for pesticide risk assessment, mainly due to their ecological relevance. If exploratory research studies in ecotoxicology have paved the way toward a better understanding of pesticide toxicity in honeybees, the next objective will then be to translate the most relevant behavioral and reproductive endpoints into regulatory test methods. This will require more comparative studies and improving their ecological relevance. This latter goal may be facilitated by the use of population dynamics models for scaling up the consequences of adverse behavioral and reproductive effects from individuals to colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Barascou
- INRAE, Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France; UMT PrADE, Avignon, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Brunet
- INRAE, Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France; UMT PrADE, Avignon, France
| | - Luc Belzunces
- INRAE, Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France; UMT PrADE, Avignon, France
| | - Axel Decourtye
- UMT PrADE, Avignon, France; ITSAP-Institut de L'abeille, Avignon, France
| | - Mickael Henry
- INRAE, Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France; UMT PrADE, Avignon, France
| | - Julie Fourrier
- UMT PrADE, Avignon, France; ITSAP-Institut de L'abeille, Avignon, France
| | - Yves Le Conte
- INRAE, Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France; UMT PrADE, Avignon, France
| | - Cedric Alaux
- INRAE, Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France; UMT PrADE, Avignon, France.
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12
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New bioassay cage methodology for in vitro studies on Varroa destructor and Apis mellifera. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250594. [PMID: 33901245 PMCID: PMC8075223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman, is an ectoparasitic mite of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., that has been considered a major cause of colony losses. Synthetic miticides have been developed and registered to manage this ectoparasite, however, resistance to registered pyrethroid and organophosphate Varroacides have already been reported in Canada. To test toxicity of miticides, current contact-based bioassay methods are designed to evaluate mites and bees separately, however, these methods are unlikely to give an accurate depiction of how miticides interact at the colony level. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a bioassay cage for testing the toxicity of miticides on honey bees and Varroa mites simultaneously using amitraz as a reference chemical. A 800 mL polypropylene plastic cage holding 100-150 bees was designed and officially named "Apiarium". A comparison of the effects of three subsequent dilutions of amitraz was conducted on: Varroa mites placed in glass vials, honey bees in glass Mason jars, and Varroa-infested bees in Apiariums. Our results indicated cumulative Varroa mortality was dose-dependent in the Apiarium after 4 h and 24 h assessments. Apiarium and glass vial treatments at 24 h also had high mite mortality and a positive polynomial regression between Varroa mortality and amitraz dose rates. Moreover, chemical application in the Apiarium was less toxic for bees compared to the Mason jar method. Considering these results, the Apiarium bioassay provides a simple, cheap and reliable method for simultaneous chemical screening on V. destructor and A. mellifera. Furthermore, as mites and bees are tested together, the Apiarium simulates a colony-like environment that provides a necessary bridge between laboratory bioassay testing and full field experimentation. The versatility of the Apiarium allows researchers to test a multitude of different honey bee bioassay experiments including miticide screening, delivery methods for chemical products, or development of new mite resistance-testing methodology.
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13
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Sublethal concentrations of clothianidin affect honey bee colony growth and hive CO 2 concentration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4364. [PMID: 33623125 PMCID: PMC7902615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of agricultural pesticide exposure upon honey bee colonies is of increasing interest to beekeepers and researchers, and the impact of neonicotinoid pesticides in particular has come under intense scrutiny. To explore potential colony-level effects of a neonicotinoid pesticide at field-relevant concentrations, honey bee colonies were fed 5- and 20-ppb concentrations of clothianidin in sugar syrup while control colonies were fed unadulterated syrup. Two experiments were conducted in successive years at the same site in southern Arizona, and one in the high rainfall environment of Mississippi. Across all three experiments, adult bee masses were about 21% lower among colonies fed 20-ppb clothianidin than the untreated control group, but no effects of treatment on brood production were observed. Average daily hive weight losses per day in the 5-ppb clothianidin colonies were about 39% lower post-treatment than in the 20-ppb clothianidin colonies, indicating lower consumption and/or better foraging, but the dry weights of newly-emerged adult bees were on average 6–7% lower in the 5-ppb group compared to the other groups, suggesting a nutritional problem in the 5-ppb group. Internal hive CO2 concentration was higher on average in colonies fed 20-ppb clothianidin, which could have resulted from greater CO2 production and/or reduced ventilating activity. Hive temperature average and daily variability were not affected by clothianidin exposure but did differ significantly among trials. Clothianidin was found to be, like imidacloprid, highly stable in honey in the hive environment over several months.
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Tison L, Duer A, Púčiková V, Greggers U, Menzel R. Detrimental effects of clothianidin on foraging and dance communication in honey bees. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241134. [PMID: 33119662 PMCID: PMC7595294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing losses of pollinators are of significant international concern because of the essential role they have in our ecosystem, agriculture, and economy. Both chemical and non-chemical stressors have been implicated as possible contributors to their decline, but the increasing use of neonicotinoid insecticides has recently emerged as particularly concerning. In this study, honey bees were exposed orally to sublethal doses of the neonicotinoid clothianidin in the field in order to assess its effects on the foraging behavior, homing success, and dance communication. The foraging span and foraging activity at the contaminated feeder decreased significantly due to chronic exposure at field-realistic concentrations. Electrostatic field of dancing bees was measured and it was revealed that the number of waggle runs, the fanning time and the number of stop signals were significantly lower in the exposed colony. No difference was found in the homing success and the flight duration between control and treated bees released at a novel location within the explored area. However, a negative effect of the ambient temperature, and an influence of the location of the trained feeder was found. Finally, the residues of clothianidin accumulated in the abdomens of exposed foraging bees over time. These results show the adverse effects of a chronic exposure to sublethal doses of clothianidin on foraging and dance communication in honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Tison
- Institute of Biology-Neurobiology, Free University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aron Duer
- Institute of Biology-Neurobiology, Free University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanda Púčiková
- Institute of Biology-Neurobiology, Free University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Greggers
- Institute of Biology-Neurobiology, Free University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Randolf Menzel
- Institute of Biology-Neurobiology, Free University, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Gervais A, Fournier V, Bélisle M. Agricultural landscape composition affects the development and life expectancy of colonies of
Bombus impatiens. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gervais
- Centre de recherche et d’innovation sur les végétaux (CRIV) et Département de phytologie Université Laval 2480 Boulevard Hochelaga Quebec City Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - V. Fournier
- Centre de recherche et d’innovation sur les végétaux (CRIV) et Département de phytologie Université Laval 2480 Boulevard Hochelaga Quebec City Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - M. Bélisle
- Centre d’étude de la forêt (CEF) et Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
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16
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Gervais A, Courtois È, Fournier V, Bélisle M. Landscape composition and local floral resources influence foraging behavior but not the size of Bombus impatiens Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae) workers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234498. [PMID: 32584843 PMCID: PMC7316238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bumble bee communities are strongly disrupted worldwide through the population decline of many species; a phenomenon that has been generally attributed to landscape modification, pesticide use, pathogens, and climate change. The mechanisms by which these causes act on bumble bee colonies are, however, likely to be complex and to involve many levels of organization spanning from the community down to the least understood individual level. Here, we assessed how the morphology, weight and foraging behavior of individual workers are affected by their surrounding landscape. We hypothesized that colonies established in landscapes showing high cover of intensive crops and low cover of flowering crops, as well as low amounts of local floral resources, would produce smaller workers, which would perform fewer foraging trips and collect pollen loads less constant in species composition. We tested these predictions with 80 colonies of commercially reared Bombus impatiens Cresson placed in 20 landscapes spanning a gradient of agricultural intensification in southern Québec, Canada. We estimated weekly rate at which workers entered and exited colonies and captured eight workers per colony over a period of 14 weeks during the spring and summer of 2016. Captured workers had their wing, thorax, head, tibia, and dry weight measured, as well as their pollen load extracted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. We did not detect any effect of landscape habitat composition on worker morphology or body weight, but found that foraging activity decreased with intensive crops. Moreover, higher diversity of local floral resources led to lower pollen constancy in intensively cultivated landscapes. Finally, we found a negative correlation between the size of workers and the diversity of their pollen load. Our results provide additional evidence that conservation actions regarding pollinators in arable landscapes should be made at the landscape rather than at the farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Gervais
- Département de Phytologie, Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation sur les Végétaux (CRIV), Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Ève Courtois
- Département de Biologie, Centre d’Étude de la Forêt (CEF), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Fournier
- Département de Phytologie, Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation sur les Végétaux (CRIV), Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marc Bélisle
- Département de Biologie, Centre d’Étude de la Forêt (CEF), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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17
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Requier F, Henry M, Decourtye A, Brun F, Aupinel P, Rebaudo F, Bretagnolle V. Measuring ontogenetic shifts in central-place foragers: A case study with honeybees. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1860-1871. [PMID: 32419193 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Measuring time-activity budgets over the complete individual life span is now possible for many animals with the recent advances of life-long individual monitoring devices. Although analyses of changes in the patterns of time-activity budgets have revealed ontogenetic shifts in birds or mammals, no such technique has been applied to date on insects. We tested an automated breakpoint-based procedure to detect, assess and quantify shifts in the temporal pattern of the flight activities in honeybees. We assumed that the learning and foraging stages of honeybees will differ in several respects, to detect the age at onset of foraging (AOF). Using an extensive dataset covering the life-long monitoring of 1,167 individuals, we compared the AOF outputs with the more conventional approaches based on arbitrary thresholds. We further evaluated the robustness of the different methods comparing the foraging time-activity budget allocations between the presumed foragers and confirmed foragers. We revealed a clear-cut learning-foraging ontogenetic shift that differs in duration, frequency and time of occurrence of flights. Although AOF appeared to be highly plastic among bees, the breakpoint-based procedure seems better capable to detect it than arbitrary threshold-based methods that are unable to deal with inter-individual variation. We developed the aof r-package including a broad range of examples with both simulated and empirical datasets to illustrate the simplicity of use of the procedure. This simple procedure is generic enough to be derived from any individual life-long monitoring devices recording the time-activity budgets, and could propose new ecological applications of bio-logging to detect ontogenetic shifts in the behaviour of central-place foragers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Requier
- UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mickaël Henry
- UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, INRAE, Avignon, France.,UMT PrADE, Avignon, France
| | - Axel Decourtye
- UMT PrADE, Avignon, France.,ACTA, Avignon, France.,ITSAP-Institut de l'abeille, Avignon, France
| | | | - Pierrick Aupinel
- UE 1255 APIS 'Abeilles paysages interactions et systèmes de culture', INRAE, Surgères, France
| | - François Rebaudo
- UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS & La Rochelle University, UMR 7372, Beauvoir sur Niort, France.,LTSER Zone Atelier 'Plaine & Val de Sèvre', CNRS, Villiers-en-Bois, France
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18
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Yang Y, Ma S, Liu F, Wang Q, Wang X, Hou C, Wu Y, Gao J, Zhang L, Liu Y, Diao Q, Dai P. Acute and chronic toxicity of acetamiprid, carbaryl, cypermethrin and deltamethrin to Apis mellifera larvae reared in vitro. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:978-985. [PMID: 31486576 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of exposing Apis mellifera larvae to common insecticides were tested in the laboratory. RESULTS The acute toxicity values of the four insecticides that we tested ranged from high toxicity to low toxicity: deltamethrin > cypermethrin > carbaryl > acetamiprid. The NOAEC (no observed adverse effect concentration) values of the chronic toxicity tests for each compound are 5 mg L-1 for acetamiprid, 2 mg L-1 for carbaryl, 1 mg L-1 for cypermethrin, and 0.2 mg L-1 for deltamethrin. CONCLUSION According to the risk quotient (RQ) values of acute and chronic toxicity that we obtained, the risk is acceptable at exposure rates that have been identified in the field. Overall, our results are valuable for evaluating the acute and chronic toxicities of these insecticides to developing honey bees. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Bee Academy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangxi Institute of Apicultural Research, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing of Apicultural Station, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyun Diao
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingli Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Monchanin C, Henry M, Decourtye A, Dalmon A, Fortini D, Bœuf E, Dubuisson L, Aupinel P, Chevallereau C, Petit J, Fourrier J. Hazard of a neonicotinoid insecticide on the homing flight of the honeybee depends on climatic conditions and Varroa infestation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:360-368. [PMID: 30826706 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The paradigm for all toxicological bioassays in the risk assessment of pesticide registration reflects the principle that experimental conditions should be controlled to avoid any other factors that may affect the endpoint measures. As honeybee colonies can be frequently exposed to bio-aggressors in real conditions, often concomitantly with pesticides, co-exposure to pesticide/bio-aggressors is becoming a concern for regulatory authorities. We investigated the effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam on the homing performances of foragers emerging from colonies differentiated by health status (infestation with Varroa destructor mites, microsporidian parasite Nosema spp. and Deformed Wing Virus). We designed a homing test that has been recently identified to fill a regulatory gap in the field evaluations of sublethal doses of pesticides before their registration. We also assessed the effect of temperature as an environmental factor. Our results showed that the Varroa mite exacerbates homing failure (HF) caused by the insecticide, whereas high temperatures reduce insecticide-induced HF. Through an analytical Effective Dose (ED) approach, predictive modeling results showed that, for instance, ED level of an uninfested colony, can be divided by 3.3 when the colony is infested by 5 Varroa mites per 100 bees and at a temperature of 24 °C. Our results suggest that the health status of honeybee colonies and climatic context should be targeted for a thorough risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Monchanin
- ACTA, Site Agroparc, F 84914, Avignon, France; ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille, Site Agroparc, F 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Mickaël Henry
- UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Site Agroparc, F 84914, Avignon, France; INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, F 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Axel Decourtye
- ACTA, Site Agroparc, F 84914, Avignon, France; ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille, Site Agroparc, F 84914, Avignon, France; UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Site Agroparc, F 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Anne Dalmon
- UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Site Agroparc, F 84914, Avignon, France; INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, F 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Dominique Fortini
- INRA, Unité expérimentale Abeilles, paysages, interactions et systèmes de culture, F 17700, Surgères, France
| | - Elodie Bœuf
- UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Site Agroparc, F 84914, Avignon, France; INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, F 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Ludovic Dubuisson
- ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille, Site Agroparc, F 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Pierrick Aupinel
- INRA, Unité expérimentale Abeilles, paysages, interactions et systèmes de culture, F 17700, Surgères, France
| | - Colombe Chevallereau
- INRA, Unité expérimentale Abeilles, paysages, interactions et systèmes de culture, F 17700, Surgères, France
| | - Julie Petit
- ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille, Site Agroparc, F 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Julie Fourrier
- ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille, Site Agroparc, F 84914, Avignon, France; UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Site Agroparc, F 84914, Avignon, France.
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20
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Bretagnolle V, Berthet E, Gross N, Gauffre B, Plumejeaud C, Houte S, Badenhausser I, Monceau K, Allier F, Monestiez P, Gaba S. Towards sustainable and multifunctional agriculture in farmland landscapes: Lessons from the integrative approach of a French LTSER platform. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:822-834. [PMID: 29426207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is currently facing unprecedented challenges: ensuring food, fiber and energy production in the face of global change, maintaining the economic performance of farmers and preserving natural resources such as biodiversity and associated key ecosystem services for sustainable agriculture. Addressing these challenges requires innovative landscape scale farming systems that account for changing economic and environmental targets. These novel agricultural systems need to be recognized, accepted and promoted by all stakeholders, including local residents, and supported by public policies. Agroecosystems should be considered as socio-ecological systems and alternative farming systems should be based on ecological principles while taking societal needs into account. This requires an in-depth knowledge of the multiple interactions between sociological and ecological dynamics. Long Term Socio-Ecological Research platforms (LTSER) are ideal for acquiring this knowledge as they (i) are not constrained by traditional disciplinary boundaries, (ii) operate at a large spatial scale involving all stakeholders, and (iii) use systemic approaches to investigate biodiversity and ecosystem services. This study presents the socio-ecological research strategy from the LTSER "Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre" (ZA PVS), a large study area where data has been sampled since 1994. Its global aim is to identify effective solutions for agricultural development and the conservation of biodiversity in farmlands. Three main objectives are targeted by the ZAPVS. The first objective is intensive monitoring of landscape features, the main taxa present and agricultural practices. The second objective is the experimental investigation, in real fields with local farmers, of important ecosystem functions and services, in relation to pesticide use, crop production and farming socio-economic value. The third aim is to involve stakeholders through participatory research, citizen science and the dissemination of scientific results. This paper underlines the relevance of LTSERs for addressing agricultural challenges, while acknowledging that there are some yet unsolved key challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bretagnolle
- CEBC, UMR 7372, CNRS, & Université de la Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France; LTSER "Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre", CNRS, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France.
| | - Elsa Berthet
- UMR SADAPT, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Gross
- CEBC, UMR 7372, CNRS, & Université de la Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France; USC 1339, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, INRA, Villiers en Bois, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Bertrand Gauffre
- CEBC, UMR 7372, CNRS, & Université de la Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France; USC 1339, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, INRA, Villiers en Bois, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Christine Plumejeaud
- UMR LIENSs 7266 Université de la Rochelle et CNRS, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Sylvie Houte
- CEBC, UMR 7372, CNRS, & Université de la Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France
| | - Isabelle Badenhausser
- CEBC, UMR 7372, CNRS, & Université de la Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France; USC 1339, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, INRA, Villiers en Bois, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Karine Monceau
- CEBC, UMR 7372, CNRS, & Université de la Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France
| | - Fabrice Allier
- ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille, Domaine Saint-Paul, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon, France; UMT PrADE, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon, France
| | - Pascal Monestiez
- CEBC, UMR 7372, CNRS, & Université de la Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France; USC 1339, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, INRA, Villiers en Bois, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France; BioSP, INRA, 84914 Avignon, France
| | - Sabrina Gaba
- LTSER "Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre", CNRS, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France; Agroécologie, AgroSup, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, 21065 Dijon, France
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21
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Benuszak J, Laurent M, Chauzat MP. The exposure of honey bees (Apis mellifera; Hymenoptera: Apidae) to pesticides: Room for improvement in research. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 587-588:423-438. [PMID: 28256316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Losses of honey bees have been repeatedly reported from many places worldwide. The widespread use of synthetic pesticides has led to concerns regarding their environmental fate and their effects on pollinators. Based on a standardised review, we report the use of a wide variety of honey bee matrices and sampling methods in the scientific papers studying pesticide exposure. Matrices such as beeswax and beebread were very little analysed despite their capacities for long-term pesticide storage. Moreover, bioavailability and transfer between in-hive matrices were poorly understood and explored. Many pesticides were studied but interactions between molecules or with other stressors were lacking. Sampling methods, targeted matrices and units of measure should have been, to some extent, standardised between publications to ease comparison and cross checking. Data on honey bee exposure to pesticides would have also benefit from the use of commercial formulations in experiments instead of active ingredients, with a special assessment of co-formulants (quantitative exposure and effects). Finally, the air matrix within the colony must be explored in order to complete current knowledge on honey bee pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Benuszak
- Unit of Coordination and Support to Surveillance, ANSES, Scientific Affairs Department for Laboratories, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marion Laurent
- Unit of Honeybee Pathology, ANSES, European Union and National Reference Laboratory for Honeybee Health, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Chauzat
- Unit of Coordination and Support to Surveillance, ANSES, Scientific Affairs Department for Laboratories, Maisons-Alfort, France; Unit of Honeybee Pathology, ANSES, European Union and National Reference Laboratory for Honeybee Health, Sophia Antipolis, France.
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22
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Jacques A, Laurent M, Ribière-Chabert M, Saussac M, Bougeard S, Budge GE, Hendrikx P, Chauzat MP. A pan-European epidemiological study reveals honey bee colony survival depends on beekeeper education and disease control. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172591. [PMID: 28278255 PMCID: PMC5344352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of honey bee population decline has spurred many national efforts to understand the extent of the problem and to identify causative or associated factors. However, our collective understanding of the factors has been hampered by a lack of joined up trans-national effort. Moreover, the impacts of beekeeper knowledge and beekeeping management practices have often been overlooked, despite honey bees being a managed pollinator. Here, we established a standardised active monitoring network for 5 798 apiaries over two consecutive years to quantify honey bee colony mortality across 17 European countries. Our data demonstrate that overwinter losses ranged between 2% and 32%, and that high summer losses were likely to follow high winter losses. Multivariate Poisson regression models revealed that hobbyist beekeepers with small apiaries and little experience in beekeeping had double the winter mortality rate when compared to professional beekeepers. Furthermore, honey bees kept by professional beekeepers never showed signs of disease, unlike apiaries from hobbyist beekeepers that had symptoms of bacterial infection and heavy Varroa infestation. Our data highlight beekeeper background and apicultural practices as major drivers of honey bee colony losses. The benefits of conducting trans-national monitoring schemes and improving beekeeper training are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Jacques
- Unit of coordination and support to surveillance, ANSES, Scientific Affairs Department for Laboratories, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Unit of Honey bee Pathology, ANSES, European Union and National Reference Laboratory for Honey bee Health, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marion Laurent
- Unit of Honey bee Pathology, ANSES, European Union and National Reference Laboratory for Honey bee Health, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | - Magali Ribière-Chabert
- Unit of Honey bee Pathology, ANSES, European Union and National Reference Laboratory for Honey bee Health, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Mathilde Saussac
- Unit of coordination and support to surveillance, ANSES, Scientific Affairs Department for Laboratories, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Giles E. Budge
- Fera, Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom
- Institute for Agri-Food Research and Innovation, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Hendrikx
- Unit of coordination and support to surveillance, ANSES, Scientific Affairs Department for Laboratories, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Chauzat
- Unit of coordination and support to surveillance, ANSES, Scientific Affairs Department for Laboratories, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Unit of Honey bee Pathology, ANSES, European Union and National Reference Laboratory for Honey bee Health, Sophia Antipolis, France
- * E-mail:
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23
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Stanley DA, Russell AL, Morrison SJ, Rogers C, Raine NE. Investigating the impacts of field-realistic exposure to a neonicotinoid pesticide on bumblebee foraging, homing ability and colony growth. J Appl Ecol 2016; 53:1440-1449. [PMID: 27867216 PMCID: PMC5103171 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to forage and return home is essential to the success of bees as both foragers and pollinators. Pesticide exposure may cause behavioural changes that interfere with these processes, with consequences for colony persistence and delivery of pollination services.We investigated the impact of chronic exposure (5-43 days) to field-realistic levels of a neonicotinoid insecticide (2·4 ppb thiamethoxam) on foraging ability, homing success and colony size using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology in free-flying bumblebee colonies.Individual foragers from pesticide-exposed colonies carried out longer foraging bouts than untreated controls (68 vs. 55 min). Pesticide-exposed bees also brought back pollen less frequently than controls indicating reduced foraging performance.A higher proportion of bees from pesticide-exposed colonies returned when released 1 km from their nests; this is potentially related to increased orientation experience during longer foraging bouts. We measured no impact of pesticide exposure on homing ability for bees released from 2 km, or when data were analysed overall.Despite a trend for control colonies to produce more new workers earlier, we found no overall impacts of pesticide exposure on whole colony size. Synthesis and applications. This study shows that field-realistic neonicotinoid exposure can have impacts on both foraging ability and homing success of bumblebees, with implications for the success of bumblebee colonies in agricultural landscapes and their ability to deliver crucial pollination services. Pesticide risk assessments should include bee species other than honeybees and assess a range of behaviours to elucidate the impact of sublethal effects. This has relevance for reviews of neonicotinoid risk assessment and usage policy world-wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara A. Stanley
- School of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamTW20 0EXUK
- Botany and Plant ScienceSchool of Natural Sciences and Ryan InstituteNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
| | - Avery L. Russell
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Entomology and Insect ScienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA
| | | | - Catherine Rogers
- School of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamTW20 0EXUK
| | - Nigel E. Raine
- School of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamTW20 0EXUK
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONN1G 2W1Canada
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24
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Abstract
Toxicants and other, non-chemical environmental stressors contribute to the global biodiversity crisis. Examples include the loss of bees and the reduction of aquatic biodiversity. Although non-compliance with regulations might be contributing, the widespread existence of these impacts suggests that for example the current approach of pesticide risk assessment fails to protect biodiversity when multiple stressors concurrently affect organisms. To quantify such multiple stress effects, we analysed all applicable aquatic studies and found that the presence of environmental stressors increases individual sensitivity to toxicants (pesticides, trace metals) by a factor of up to 100. To predict this dependence, we developed the “Stress Addition Model” (SAM). With the SAM, we assume that each individual has a general stress capacity towards all types of specific stress that should not be exhausted. Experimental stress levels are transferred into general stress levels of the SAM using the stress-related mortality as a common link. These general stress levels of independent stressors are additive, with the sum determining the total stress exerted on a population. With this approach, we provide a tool that quantitatively predicts the highly synergistic direct effects of independent stressor combinations.
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25
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Henry M, Cerrutti N, Aupinel P, Decourtye A, Gayrard M, Odoux JF, Pissard A, Rüger C, Bretagnolle V. Reconciling laboratory and field assessments of neonicotinoid toxicity to honeybees. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2015.2110. [PMID: 26582026 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
European governments have banned the use of three common neonicotinoid pesticides due to insufficiently identified risks to bees. This policy decision is controversial given the absence of clear consistency between toxicity assessments of those substances in the laboratory and in the field. Although laboratory trials report deleterious effects in honeybees at trace levels, field surveys reveal no decrease in the performance of honeybee colonies in the vicinity of treated fields. Here we provide the missing link, showing that individual honeybees near thiamethoxam-treated fields do indeed disappear at a faster rate, but the impact of this is buffered by the colonies' demographic regulation response. Although we could ascertain the exposure pathway of thiamethoxam residues from treated flowers to honeybee dietary nectar, we uncovered an unexpected pervasive co-occurrence of similar concentrations of imidacloprid, another neonicotinoid normally restricted to non-entomophilous crops in the study country. Thus, its origin and transfer pathways through the succession of annual crops need be elucidated to conveniently appraise the risks of combined neonicotinoid exposures. This study reconciles the conflicting laboratory and field toxicity assessments of neonicotinoids on honeybees and further highlights the difficulty in actually detecting non-intentional effects on the field through conventional risk assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Henry
- INRA, UR406 Abeilles et Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France
| | - Nicolas Cerrutti
- UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France Terres Inovia, Centre de Grignon, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France
| | | | - Axel Decourtye
- UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France Association de Coordination Technique Agricole, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France
| | - Mélanie Gayrard
- Terres Inovia, Centre de Grignon, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France
| | | | - Aurélien Pissard
- Association de Coordination Technique Agricole, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France
| | - Charlotte Rüger
- Terres Inovia, Centre de Grignon, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France LTER 'Zone Atelier Plaine and Val de Sèvre', Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
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26
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dos Santos CF, Acosta AL, Dorneles AL, dos Santos PDS, Blochtein B. Queens become workers: pesticides alter caste differentiation in bees. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31605. [PMID: 27530246 PMCID: PMC4987680 DOI: 10.1038/srep31605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bees are important for the world biodiversity and economy because they provide key pollination services in forests and crops. However, pesticide use in crops has adversely affected (decreased) queen production because of increased mortality among larvae. Here, we demonstrated that in vitro-reared queens of a neotropical social bee species (Plebeia droryana) also showed high larval mortality after exposure to an organophosphate pesticide (chlorpyrifos) via larval food. Moreover, most of the surviving larvae that were destined to develop into queens became workers more likely because they ate less food than expected without pesticide skewing thus caste differentiation in this bee species. This adverse effect has not been previously reported for any other social insects, such as honeybees or bumblebees. Queens are essential for breeding and colony growth. Therefore, if our data are applicable to other pantropical social bee species across the globe, it is likely that these bees are at a serious risk of failure to form new colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F. dos Santos
- Departamento de Biodiversidade e Ecologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André L. Acosta
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, Travessa 14, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Computação - BioComp. Escola Politécnica, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Trav. 3, n. 380, 05508-010 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa L. Dorneles
- Departamento de Biodiversidade e Ecologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrick D. S. dos Santos
- Departamento de Biodiversidade e Ecologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Betina Blochtein
- Departamento de Biodiversidade e Ecologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto do Meio Ambiente, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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27
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Démares FJ, Crous KL, Pirk CWW, Nicolson SW, Human H. Sucrose Sensitivity of Honey Bees Is Differently Affected by Dietary Protein and a Neonicotinoid Pesticide. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156584. [PMID: 27272274 PMCID: PMC4896446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a decade, declines in honey bee colonies have raised worldwide concerns. Several potentially contributing factors have been investigated, e.g. parasites, diseases, and pesticides. Neonicotinoid pesticides have received much attention due to their intensive use in crop protection, and their adverse effects on many levels of honey bee physiology led the European Union to ban these compounds. Due to their neuronal target, a receptor expressed throughout the insect nervous system, studies have focused mainly on neuroscience and behaviour. Through the Geometric Framework of nutrition, we investigated effects of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam on survival, food consumption and sucrose sensitivity of honey bees (Apis mellifera). Thiamethoxam did not affect protein and carbohydrate intake, but decreased responses to high concentrations of sucrose. Interestingly, when bees ate fixed unbalanced diets, dietary protein facilitated better sucrose detection. Both thiamethoxam and dietary protein influenced survival. These findings suggest that, in the presence of a pesticide and unbalanced food, honey bee health may be severely challenged. Consequences for foraging efficiency and colony activity, cornerstones of honey bee health, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien J. Démares
- Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kendall L. Crous
- Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christian W. W. Pirk
- Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Susan W. Nicolson
- Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hannelie Human
- Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
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28
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Berenbaum MR. Does the Honey Bee "Risk Cup" Runneth Over? Estimating Aggregate Exposures for Assessing Pesticide Risks to Honey Bees in Agroecosystems. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:13-20. [PMID: 25885594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are uniquely vulnerable to nontarget pesticide impacts because, as ubiquitous managed pollinators, they are deliberately transported into areas where crops are grown with pesticides. Moreover, attributes making them excellent managed pollinators, including large long-lived colonies and complex behavior, also make them challenging subjects for toxicity bioassays. For over 150 years, improvements in formulation and delivery of pesticides, increasing their environmental and temporal presence, have had unintended consequences for honey bees. Since 1996, the Environmental Protection Agency has used "aggregate risk"--exposure risks to all possible sources--to set tolerances; once a "risk cup" is filled, no new pesticide or use can be approved unless risks are reduced elsewhere. The EPA now recommends a modeling approach for aggregating all exposure risks for bees, with differential lifestage sensitivity and exposure probabilities. Thus, the honey bee is the first insect with its own "risk cup"--a technological innovation that may not have unintended consequences for this beleaguered beneficial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- May R Berenbaum
- Department of Entomology, 320 Morrill Hall, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 505 South Goodwin, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3795, United States
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29
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A Locomotor Deficit Induced by Sublethal Doses of Pyrethroid and Neonicotinoid Insecticides in the Honeybee Apis mellifera. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144879. [PMID: 26659095 PMCID: PMC4682844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of pesticides used in agriculture towards non-targeted organisms and especially pollinators has recently drawn the attention from a broad scientific community. Increased honeybee mortality observed worldwide certainly contributes to this interest. The potential role of several neurotoxic insecticides in triggering or potentiating honeybee mortality was considered, in particular phenylpyrazoles and neonicotinoids, given that they are widely used and highly toxic for insects. Along with their ability to kill insects at lethal doses, they can compromise survival at sublethal doses by producing subtle deleterious effects. In this study, we compared the bee's locomotor ability, which is crucial for many tasks within the hive (e.g. cleaning brood cells, feeding larvae…), before and after an acute sublethal exposure to one insecticide belonging to the two insecticide classes, fipronil and thiamethoxam. Additionally, we examined the locomotor ability after exposure to pyrethroids, an older chemical insecticide class still widely used and known to be highly toxic to bees as well. Our study focused on young bees (day 1 after emergence) since (i) few studies are available on locomotion at this stage and (ii) in recent years, pesticides have been reported to accumulate in different hive matrices, where young bees undergo their early development. At sublethal doses (SLD48h, i.e. causing no mortality at 48 h), three pyrethroids, namely cypermethrin (2.5 ng/bee), tetramethrin (70 ng/bee), tau-fluvalinate (33 ng/bee) and the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam (3.8 ng/bee) caused a locomotor deficit in honeybees. While the SLD48h of fipronil (a phenylpyrazole, 0.5 ng/bee) had no measurable effect on locomotion, we observed high mortality several days after exposure, an effect that was not observed with the other insecticides. Although locomotor deficits observed in the sublethal range of pyrethroids and thiamethoxam would suggest deleterious effects in the field, the case of fipronil demonstrates that toxicity evaluation requires information on multiple endpoints (e.g. long term survival) to fully address pesticides risks for honeybees. Pyrethroid-induced locomotor deficits are discussed in light of recent advances regarding their mode of action on honeybee ion channels and current structure-function studies.
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30
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Similar Comparative Low and High Doses of Deltamethrin and Acetamiprid Differently Impair the Retrieval of the Proboscis Extension Reflex in the Forager Honey Bee (Apis mellifera). INSECTS 2015; 6:805-14. [PMID: 26466901 PMCID: PMC4693171 DOI: 10.3390/insects6040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of low (10 ng/bee) and high (100 ng/bee) doses of acetamiprid and deltamethrin insecticides on multi-trial learning and retrieval were evaluated in the honey bee Apis mellifera. After oral application, acetamiprid and deltamethrin at the concentrations used were not able to impair learning sessions. When the retention tests were performed 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h after learning, we found a significant difference between bees after learning sessions when drugs were applied 24 h before learning. Deltamethrin-treated bees were found to be more sensitive at 10 ng/bee and 100 ng/bee doses compared to acetamiprid-treated bees, only with amounts of 100 ng/bee and at 6 h and 24 h delays. When insecticides were applied during learning sessions, none of the tested insecticides was able to impair learning performance at 10 ng/bee or 100 ng/bee but retention performance was altered 24 h after learning sessions. Acetamiprid was the only one to impair retrieval at 10 ng/bee, whereas at 100 ng/bee an impairment of retrieval was found with both insecticides. The present results therefore suggest that acetamiprid and deltamethrin are able to impair retrieval performance in the honey bee Apis mellifera.
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31
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Lundin O, Rundlöf M, Smith HG, Fries I, Bommarco R. Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Their Impacts on Bees: A Systematic Review of Research Approaches and Identification of Knowledge Gaps. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136928. [PMID: 26313444 PMCID: PMC4552548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that the widespread use of neonicotinoid insecticides threatens bees, but research on this topic has been surrounded by controversy. In order to synthesize which research approaches have been used to examine the effect of neonicotinoids on bees and to identify knowledge gaps, we systematically reviewed research on this subject that was available on the Web of Science and PubMed in June 2015. Most of the 216 primary research studies were conducted in Europe or North America (82%), involved the neonicotinoid imidacloprid (78%), and concerned the western honey bee Apis mellifera (75%). Thus, little seems to be known about neonicotinoids and bees in areas outside Europe and North America. Furthermore, because there is considerable variation in ecological traits among bee taxa, studies on honey bees are not likely to fully predict impacts of neonicotinoids on other species. Studies on crops were dominated by seed-treated maize, oilseed rape (canola) and sunflower, whereas less is known about potential side effects on bees from the use of other application methods on insect pollinated fruit and vegetable crops, or on lawns and ornamental plants. Laboratory approaches were most common, and we suggest that their capability to infer real-world consequences are improved when combined with information from field studies about realistic exposures to neonicotinoids. Studies using field approaches often examined only bee exposure to neonicotinoids and more field studies are needed that measure impacts of exposure. Most studies measured effects on individual bees. We suggest that effects on the individual bee should be linked to both mechanisms at the sub-individual level and also to the consequences for the colony and wider bee populations. As bees are increasingly facing multiple interacting pressures future research needs to clarify the role of neonicotinoids in relative to other drivers of bee declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Lundin
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- University of California, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Davis, California 95616, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Lund University, Department of Biology, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Lund University, Department of Biology, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Lund University, Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Fries
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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32
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Fryday S, Tiede K, Stein J. Scientific services to support EFSA systematic reviews: Lot 5 Systematic literature review on the neonicotinoids (namely active substances clothianidin, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid) and the risks to bees (Tender specifications RC/EFSA/PRAS/2013/03). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2015.en-756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Moffat C, Pacheco JG, Sharp S, Samson AJ, Bollan KA, Huang J, Buckland ST, Connolly CN. Chronic exposure to neonicotinoids increases neuronal vulnerability to mitochondrial dysfunction in the bumblebee (Bombus terrestris). FASEB J 2015; 29:2112-9. [PMID: 25634958 PMCID: PMC4415021 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-267179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The global decline in the abundance and diversity of insect pollinators could result from habitat loss, disease, and pesticide exposure. The contribution of the neonicotinoid insecticides (e.g., clothianidin and imidacloprid) to this decline is controversial, and key to understanding their risk is whether the astonishingly low levels found in the nectar and pollen of plants is sufficient to deliver neuroactive levels to their site of action: the bee brain. Here we show that bumblebees (Bombus terrestris audax) fed field levels [10 nM, 2.1 ppb (w/w)] of neonicotinoid accumulate between 4 and 10 nM in their brains within 3 days. Acute (minutes) exposure of cultured neurons to 10 nM clothianidin, but not imidacloprid, causes a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-dependent rapid mitochondrial depolarization. However, a chronic (2 days) exposure to 1 nM imidacloprid leads to a receptor-dependent increased sensitivity to a normally innocuous level of acetylcholine, which now also causes rapid mitochondrial depolarization in neurons. Finally, colonies exposed to this level of imidacloprid show deficits in colony growth and nest condition compared with untreated colonies. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the poor navigation and foraging observed in neonicotinoid treated bumblebee colonies.—Moffat, C., Pacheco, J. G., Sharp, S., Samson, A. J., Bollan, K. A., Huang, J., Buckland, S. T., Connolly, C. N. Chronic exposure to neonicotinoids increases neuronal vulnerability to mitochondrial dysfunction in the bumblebee (Bombus terrestris).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Moffat
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Joao Goncalves Pacheco
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Sharp
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Samson
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Bollan
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Huang
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T Buckland
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher N Connolly
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
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