1
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Ruan Y, Li X, Wang X, Zhai G, Lou Q, Jin X, He J, Mei J, Xiao W, Gui J, Yin Z. New insights into the all-testis differentiation in zebrafish with compromised endogenous androgen and estrogen synthesis. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011170. [PMID: 38451917 PMCID: PMC10919652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulatory mechanism of gonadal sex differentiation, which is complex and regulated by multiple factors, remains poorly understood in teleosts. Recently, we have shown that compromised androgen and estrogen synthesis with increased progestin leads to all-male differentiation with proper testis development and spermatogenesis in cytochrome P450 17a1 (cyp17a1)-/- zebrafish. In the present study, the phenotypes of female-biased sex ratio were positively correlated with higher Fanconi anemia complementation group L (fancl) expression in the gonads of doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (dmrt1)-/- and cyp17a1-/-;dmrt1-/- fish. The additional depletion of fancl in cyp17a1-/-;dmrt1-/- zebrafish reversed the gonadal sex differentiation from all-ovary to all-testis (in cyp17a1-/-;dmrt1-/-;fancl-/- fish). Luciferase assay revealed a synergistic inhibitory effect of Dmrt1 and androgen signaling on fancl transcription. Furthermore, an interaction between Fancl and the apoptotic factor Tumour protein p53 (Tp53) was found in vitro. The interaction between Fancl and Tp53 was observed via the WD repeat domain (WDR) and C-terminal domain (CTD) of Fancl and the DNA binding domain (DBD) of Tp53, leading to the K48-linked polyubiquitination degradation of Tp53 activated by the ubiquitin ligase, Fancl. Our results show that testis fate in cyp17a1-/- fish is determined by Dmrt1, which is thought to stabilize Tp53 by inhibiting fancl transcription during the critical stage of sexual fate determination in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Ruan
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Li
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Zhai
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyong Lou
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Jin
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangyan He
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfang Gui
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Hameed AR, Fakhri Ali S, N Almanaa T, Aljasir MA, Alruwetei AM, Sanami S, Ayaz H, Ali I, Ahmad F, Ahmad S. Exploring the hub genes and potential drugs involved in Fanconi anemia using microarray datasets and bioinformatics analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 38149868 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2297008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder that occurs when certain genes responsible for repairing DNA replication and promoting homologous recombination fail to function properly. This leads to severe clinical symptoms and a wide range of cancer-related characteristics. Recent treatment approaches for FA involve hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which helps restore the population of stem cells. A survival study using p-values indicated that specific hub genes play a significant role in diagnosing and predicting the disease. To find potential medications that interact with the identified hub genes, researchers inferred drugs. Among hub genes, TP53 was found to be particularly promising through computational analysis. Further investigation focused on two drugs, Topiramate and Tocofersolan predicted based on drug bank database analysis. Molecular docking strategies were employed to assess the best binding pose of these drugs with TP53. Topiramate showed a binding affinity of -6.5 kcal/mol, while Tocofersolan showed -8.5 kcal/mol against the active residues within the binding pocket. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to observe the stability of each drug's interaction with the TP53 protein over time. Both drugs exhibited stable confirmation with only slight changes in the loop region of the TP53 protein during the simulation intervals. Results also shows that there was a high fluctuation observed during apo-sate simulation time intervals as compared to complex system. Hence, it is suggested that the exploration of structure-based drug design holds promising results to specific target. This could potentially lead to a breakthrough in future experimental approaches for FA treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa R Hameed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, School of Life Sciences, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sama Fakhri Ali
- Department of Anesthesia Techniques, School of Life Sciences, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Taghreed N Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abdullah Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen M Alruwetei
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samira Sanami
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology, West Mishref, Kuwait
| | - Faisal Ahmad
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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3
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Leung W, Baxley RM, Traband E, Chang YC, Rogers CB, Wang L, Durrett W, Bromley KS, Fiedorowicz L, Thakar T, Tella A, Sobeck A, Hendrickson EA, Moldovan GL, Shima N, Bielinsky AK. FANCD2-dependent mitotic DNA synthesis relies on PCNA K164 ubiquitination. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113523. [PMID: 38060446 PMCID: PMC10842461 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) at lysine 164 (K164) activates DNA damage tolerance pathways. Currently, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how PCNA K164 ubiquitination promotes genome stability. To evaluate this, we generated stable cell lines expressing PCNAK164R from the endogenous PCNA locus. Our data reveal that the inability to ubiquitinate K164 causes perturbations in global DNA replication. Persistent replication stress generates under-replicated regions and is exacerbated by the DNA polymerase inhibitor aphidicolin. We show that these phenotypes are due, in part, to impaired Fanconi anemia group D2 protein (FANCD2)-dependent mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS) in PCNAK164R cells. FANCD2 mono-ubiquitination is significantly reduced in PCNAK164R mutants, leading to reduced chromatin association and foci formation, both prerequisites for FANCD2-dependent MiDAS. Furthermore, K164 ubiquitination coordinates direct PCNA/FANCD2 colocalization in mitotic nuclei. Here, we show that PCNA K164 ubiquitination maintains human genome stability by promoting FANCD2-dependent MiDAS to prevent the accumulation of under-replicated DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Leung
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ryan M Baxley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emma Traband
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ya-Chu Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Colette B Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Liangjun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wesley Durrett
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kendall S Bromley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Lidia Fiedorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Tanay Thakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Anika Tella
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alexandra Sobeck
- Institute for Human Genetics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eric A Hendrickson
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Naoko Shima
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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4
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Liu S, Shinohara A, Furukohri A. Fanconi anemia-associated mutation in RAD51 compromises the coordinated action of DNA-binding and ATPase activities. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105424. [PMID: 37924868 PMCID: PMC10716581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease caused by a defect in DNA repair pathway for DNA interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks can potentially impede the progression of the DNA replication fork, consequently leading to DNA double-strand breaks. Heterozygous RAD51-Q242R mutation has been reported to cause FA-like symptoms. However, the molecular defect of RAD51 underlying the disease is largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a biochemical analysis of RAD51-Q242R protein, revealing notable deficiencies in its DNA-dependent ATPase activity and its ATP-dependent regulation of DNA-binding activity. Interestingly, although RAD51-Q242R exhibited the filament instability and lacked the ability to form displacement loop, it efficiently stimulated the formation of displacement loops mediated by wild-type RAD51. These findings facilitate understanding of the biochemical properties of the mutant protein and how RAD51 works in the FA patient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asako Furukohri
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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5
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Li W, Yao M, Liu C, Zhang Z, Wang C, Wang X, Meng K. Research progress of the Fanconi anemia pathway and premature ovarian insufficiency†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:570-585. [PMID: 37669135 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia pathway is a key pathway involved in the repair of deoxyribonucleic acidinterstrand crosslinking damage, which chiefly includes the following four modules: lesion recognition, Fanconi anemia core complex recruitment, FANCD2-FANCI complex monoubiquitination, and downstream events (nucleolytic incision, translesion synthesis, and homologous recombination). Mutations or deletions of multiple Fanconi anemia genes in this pathway can damage the interstrand crosslinking repair pathway and disrupt primordial germ cell development and oocyte meiosis, thereby leading to abnormal follicular development. Premature ovarian insufficiency is a gynecological clinical syndrome characterized by amenorrhea and decreased fertility due to decreased oocyte pool, accelerated follicle atresia, and loss of ovarian function in women <40 years old. Furthermore, in recent years, several studies have detected mutations in the Fanconi anemia gene in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. In addition, some patients with Fanconi anemia exhibit symptoms of premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility. The Fanconi anemia pathway and premature ovarian insufficiency are closely associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Mengmeng Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chuqi Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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6
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Traband EL, Hammerlund SR, Shameem M, Narayan A, Ramana S, Tella A, Sobeck A, Shima N. Mitotic DNA Synthesis in Untransformed Human Cells Preserves Common Fragile Site Stability via a FANCD2-Driven Mechanism That Requires HELQ. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168294. [PMID: 37777152 PMCID: PMC10839910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Faithful genome duplication is a challenging task for dividing mammalian cells, particularly under replication stress where timely resolution of late replication intermediates (LRIs) becomes crucial prior to cell division. In human cancer cells, mitotic DNA repair synthesis (MiDAS) is described as a final mechanism for the resolution of LRIs to avoid lethal chromosome mis-segregation. RAD52-driven MiDAS achieves this mission in part by generating gaps/breaks on metaphase chromosomes, which preferentially occur at common fragile sites (CFS). We previously demonstrated that a MiDAS mechanism also exists in untransformed and primary human cells, which is RAD52 independent but requires FANCD2. However, the properties of this form of MiDAS are not well understood. Here, we report that FANCD2-driven MiDAS in untransformed human cells: 1) requires a prerequisite step of FANCD2 mono-ubiquitination by a subset of Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins, 2) primarily acts to preserve CFS stability but not to prevent chromosome mis-segregation, and 3) depends on HELQ, which potentially functions at an early step. Hence, FANCD2-driven MiDAS in untransformed cells is built to protect CFS stability, whereas RAD52-driven MiDAS in cancer cells is likely adapted to prevent chromosome mis-segregation at the cost of CFS expression. Notably, we also identified a novel form of MiDAS, which surfaces to function when FANCD2 is absent in untransformed cells. Our findings substantiate the complex nature of MiDAS and a link between its deficiencies and the pathogenesis of FA, a human genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Traband
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Medical School, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sarah R Hammerlund
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Medical School, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mohammad Shameem
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ananya Narayan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Medical School, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sanjiv Ramana
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Medical School, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anika Tella
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Medical School, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alexandra Sobeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Naoko Shima
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Medical School, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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7
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Brunner A, Li Q, Fisicaro S, Kourtesakis A, Viiliäinen J, Johansson HJ, Pandey V, Mayank AK, Lehtiö J, Wohlschlegel JA, Spruck C, Rantala JK, Orre LM, Sangfelt O. FBXL12 degrades FANCD2 to regulate replication recovery and promote cancer cell survival under conditions of replication stress. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3720-3739.e8. [PMID: 37591242 PMCID: PMC10592106 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) signaling, a key genomic maintenance pathway, is activated in response to replication stress. Here, we report that phosphorylation of the pivotal pathway protein FANCD2 by CHK1 triggers its FBXL12-dependent proteasomal degradation, facilitating FANCD2 clearance at stalled replication forks. This promotes efficient DNA replication under conditions of CYCLIN E- and drug-induced replication stress. Reconstituting FANCD2-deficient fibroblasts with phosphodegron mutants failed to re-establish fork progression. In the absence of FBXL12, FANCD2 becomes trapped on chromatin, leading to replication stress and excessive DNA damage. In human cancers, FBXL12, CYCLIN E, and FA signaling are positively correlated, and FBXL12 upregulation is linked to reduced survival in patients with high CYCLIN E-expressing breast tumors. Finally, depletion of FBXL12 exacerbated oncogene-induced replication stress and sensitized cancer cells to drug-induced replication stress by WEE1 inhibition. Collectively, our results indicate that FBXL12 constitutes a vulnerability and a potential therapeutic target in CYCLIN E-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrä Brunner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17165, Stockholms län, Sweden.
| | - Qiuzhen Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17165, Stockholms län, Sweden
| | - Samuele Fisicaro
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17165, Stockholms län, Sweden
| | - Alexandros Kourtesakis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17165, Stockholms län, Sweden
| | - Johanna Viiliäinen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17165, Stockholms län, Sweden
| | - Henrik J Johansson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna 17165, Stockholms län, Sweden
| | - Vijaya Pandey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Adarsh K Mayank
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna 17165, Stockholms län, Sweden
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Charles Spruck
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla 92037, CA, USA
| | - Juha K Rantala
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, South Yorkshire, UK; Misvik Biology, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Lukas M Orre
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna 17165, Stockholms län, Sweden
| | - Olle Sangfelt
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17165, Stockholms län, Sweden.
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8
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van de Kooij B, van der Wal FJ, Rother MB, Creixell P, Stout M, Wiegant W, Joughin BA, Vornberger J, van Vugt MA, Altmeyer M, Yaffe MB, van Attikum H. The Fanconi anemia core complex promotes CtIP-dependent end-resection to drive homologous recombination at DNA double-strand breaks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.05.556391. [PMID: 37732274 PMCID: PMC10508776 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Homologous Recombination (HR) is a high-fidelity repair mechanism of DNA Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs), which are induced by irradiation, genotoxic chemicals or physiological DNA damaging processes. DSBs are also generated as intermediates during the repair of interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). In this context, the Fanconi anemia (FA) core complex, which is effectively recruited to ICLs, promotes HR-mediated DSB-repair. However, whether the FA core complex also promotes HR at ICL-independent DSBs remains controversial. Here, we identified the FA core complex members FANCL and Ube2T as HR-promoting factors in a CRISPR/Cas9-based screen with cells carrying the DSB-repair reporter DSB-Spectrum. Using isogenic cell-line models, we validated the HR-function of FANCL and Ube2T, and demonstrated a similar function for their ubiquitination-substrate FANCD2. We further show that FANCL and Ube2T are directly recruited to DSBs and are required for the accumulation of FANCD2 at these break sites. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that FANCL ubiquitin ligase activity is required for the accumulation of the nuclease CtIP at DSBs, and consequently for optimal end-resection and Rad51 loading. CtIP overexpression rescues HR in FANCL-deficient cells, validating that FANCL primarily regulates HR by promoting CtIP recruitment. Together, these data demonstrate that the FA core complex and FANCD2 have a dual genome maintenance function by promoting repair of DSBs as well as the repair of ICLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert van de Kooij
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Current address: Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Fenna J. van der Wal
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Magdalena B. Rother
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pau Creixell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Current address: CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Merula Stout
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wouter Wiegant
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Brian A. Joughin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julia Vornberger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel A.T.M. van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Divisions of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma, and Critical Care and Surgical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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9
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Lim JY, Kim E, Douglas CM, Wirianto M, Han C, Ono K, Kim SY, Ji JH, Tran CK, Chen Z, Esser KA, Yoo SH. The circadian E3 ligase FBXL21 regulates myoblast differentiation and sarcomere architecture via MYOZ1 ubiquitination and NFAT signaling. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010574. [PMID: 36574402 PMCID: PMC9829178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous molecular and physiological processes in the skeletal muscle undergo circadian time-dependent oscillations in accordance with daily activity/rest cycles. The circadian regulatory mechanisms underlying these cyclic processes, especially at the post-transcriptional level, are not well defined. Previously, we reported that the circadian E3 ligase FBXL21 mediates rhythmic degradation of the sarcomere protein TCAP in conjunction with GSK-3β, and Psttm mice harboring an Fbxl21 hypomorph allele show reduced muscle fiber diameter and impaired muscle function. To further elucidate the regulatory function of FBXL21 in skeletal muscle, we investigated another sarcomere protein, Myozenin1 (MYOZ1), that we identified as an FBXL21-binding protein from yeast 2-hybrid screening. We show that FBXL21 binding to MYOZ1 led to ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation. GSK-3β co-expression and inhibition were found to accelerate and decelerate FBXL21-mediated MYOZ1 degradation, respectively. Previously, MYOZ1 has been shown to inhibit calcineurin/NFAT signaling important for muscle differentiation. In accordance, Fbxl21 KO and MyoZ1 KO in C2C12 cells impaired and enhanced myogenic differentiation respectively compared with control C2C12 cells, concomitant with distinct effects on NFAT nuclear localization and NFAT target gene expression. Importantly, in Psttm mice, both the levels and diurnal rhythm of NFAT2 nuclear localization were significantly diminished relative to wild-type mice, and circadian expression of NFAT target genes associated with muscle differentiation was also markedly dampened. Furthermore, Psttm mice exhibited significant disruption of sarcomere structure with a considerable excess of MYOZ1 accumulation in the Z-line. Taken together, our study illustrates a pivotal role of FBXL21 in sarcomere structure and muscle differentiation by regulating MYOZ1 degradation and NFAT2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ye Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Collin M. Douglas
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Marvin Wirianto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chorong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kaori Ono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Justin H. Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Celia K. Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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10
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Meek K, Yang YT, Takada M, Parys M, Richter M, Engleberg AI, Thaiwong T, Griffin RL, Schall PZ, Kramer AJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V. Identification of a Hypomorphic FANCG Variant in Bernese Mountain Dogs. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1693. [PMID: 36292578 PMCID: PMC9601343 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bernese mountain dogs (BMDs), have an overall cancer incidence of 50%, half of which is comprised of an otherwise rare tumor, histiocytic sarcoma (HS). While recent studies have identified driver mutations in the MAPK pathway, identification of key predisposing genes has been elusive. Studies have identified several loci to be associated with predisposition to HS in BMDs, including near the MTAP/CDKN2A region, but no causative coding variant has been identified. Here we report the presence of a coding polymorphism in the gene encoding FANCG, near the MTAP/CDKN2A locus. This variant is in a conserved region of the protein and appears to be specific to BMDs. Canine fibroblasts derived from dogs homozygous for this variant are hypersensitive to cisplatin. We show this canine FANCG variant and a previously defined hypomorphic FANCG allele in humans impart similar defects in DNA repair. However, our data also indicate that this variant is neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of HS. Furthermore, BMDs homozygous for this FANCG allele display none of the characteristic phenotypes associated with Fanconi anemia (FA) such as anemia, short stature, infertility, or an earlier age of onset for HS. This is similar to findings in FA deficient mice, which do not develop overt FA without secondary genetic mutations that exacerbate the FA deficit. In sum, our data suggest that dogs with deficits in the FA pathway are, like mice, innately resistant to the development of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryn Meek
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Marilia Takada
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Maciej Parys
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Marlee Richter
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Alexander I. Engleberg
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tuddow Thaiwong
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48190, USA
| | - Rachel L. Griffin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Peter Z. Schall
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Alana J. Kramer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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11
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Beesetti S, Sirasanagandla S, Sakurada SM, Pruett-Miller SM, Sumpter R, Levine B, Potts MB. FANCL supports Parkin-mediated mitophagy in a ubiquitin ligase-independent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166453. [PMID: 35644338 PMCID: PMC9844820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is the most common inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. The FA proteins have functions in genome maintenance and in the cytoplasmic process of selective autophagy, beyond their canonical roles of repairing DNA interstrand cross-links. FA core complex proteins FANCC, FANCF, FANCL, FANCA, FANCD2, BRCA1 and BRCA2, which previously had no known direct functions outside the nucleus, have recently been implicated in mitophagy. Although mutations in FANCL account for only a very small number of cases in FA families, it plays a key role in the FA pathophysiology and might drive carcinogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that FANCL protein is present in mitochondria in the control and Oligomycin and Antimycin (OA)-treated cells and its ubiquitin ligase activity is not required for its localization to mitochondria. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of FANCL in HeLa cells overexpressing parkin results in increased sensitivity to mitochondrial stress and defective clearing of damaged mitochondria upon OA treatment. This defect was reversed by the reintroduction of either wild-type FANCL or FANCL(C307A), a mutant lacking ubiquitin ligase activity. To summarize, FANCL protects from mitochondrial stress and supports Parkin-mediated mitophagy in a ubiquitin ligase-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarna Beesetti
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
| | - Shyam Sirasanagandla
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States; Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Sadie Miki Sakurada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Rhea Sumpter
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States; Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Malia B Potts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
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12
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Sijacki T, Alcón P, Chen ZA, McLaughlin SH, Shakeel S, Rappsilber J, Passmore LA. The DNA-damage kinase ATR activates the FANCD2-FANCI clamp by priming it for ubiquitination. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:881-890. [PMID: 36050501 PMCID: PMC7613635 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA interstrand cross-links are tumor-inducing lesions that block DNA replication and transcription. When cross-links are detected at stalled replication forks, ATR kinase phosphorylates FANCI, which stimulates monoubiquitination of the FANCD2-FANCI clamp by the Fanconi anemia core complex. Monoubiquitinated FANCD2-FANCI is locked onto DNA and recruits nucleases that mediate DNA repair. However, it remains unclear how phosphorylation activates this pathway. Here, we report structures of FANCD2-FANCI complexes containing phosphomimetic FANCI. We observe that, unlike wild-type FANCD2-FANCI, the phosphomimetic complex closes around DNA, independent of the Fanconi anemia core complex. The phosphomimetic mutations do not substantially alter DNA binding but instead destabilize the open state of FANCD2-FANCI and alter its conformational dynamics. Overall, our results demonstrate that phosphorylation primes the FANCD2-FANCI clamp for ubiquitination, showing how multiple posttranslational modifications are coordinated to control DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Alcón
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhuo A Chen
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Bioanalytics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Shabih Shakeel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Bioanalytics, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Zhang J, Wang J, Wu J, Huang J, Lin Z, Lin X. UBE2T regulates FANCI monoubiquitination to promote NSCLC progression by activating EMT. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:139. [PMID: 35703356 PMCID: PMC9245069 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia complementation group I (FANCI) is a critical protein for maintaining DNA stability. However, the exact role of FANCI in tumors remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the role and potential mechanism of action of FANCI in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To quantify the expression levels of FANCI and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) in NSCLC tissues, reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and western blotting were employed. Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and Transwell assays along with flow cytometry analysis and tumor xenograft were used to investigate the biological effects of FANCI in NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. The binding of FANCI with UBE2T was confirmed using a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) protein markers were quantified via western blotting. The results showed that FANCI expression level was higher in NSCLC tumor tissues, compared with adjacent tissues. In A549 and H1299 cells, knockdown of FANCI inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and EMT in vitro. Tumor growth was repressed in vitro, upon downregulation of FANCI expression. UBE2T was observed to directly bind to FANCI and regulate its monoubiquitination. Overexpression of UBE2T reversed the effects induced by FANCI knockdown in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, it was noted that FANCI interacted with WD repeat domain 48 (WDR48). Overexpression of WDR48 reversed the effects of FANCI on cell proliferation, migration and EMT. In conclusion, FANCI was identified to be a putative oncogene in NSCLC, wherein FANCI was monouniubiquitinated by UBE2T to regulate cell growth, migration and EMT through WDR48. The findings suggested that FANCI could be used as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiguang Zhang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jingdong Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jincheng Wu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jianyuan Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxian Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xing Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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14
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Zhu K, Sun S, Guo F, Gao L. Impaired Fanconi anemia pathway causes DNA hypomethylation in human angiosarcomas. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1602-1611. [PMID: 35817884 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcomas (AS) is a rare soft tissue sarcomas with poor treatment options and a dismal prognosis. The abnormal DNA methylation pattern has been determined as the certain clinical relevance with different angiosarcoma subtypes. However, the profound mechanism is not clear. In present study, we studied thirty-six AS with or without chronic lymphedema, and reported that DNA damage was an important factor causing DNA methylation abnormality. Furthermore, we determined that the impaired Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway contributed to severe DNA damage in AS with chronic lymphedema. We also observed that the activated FANCD2 could facilitate DNMT1 recruitment on genomic DNA. Our study uncovers a novel regulatory mechanism of FA pathway on DNA methylation, and is a benefit to advanced understanding the pathogenesis of AS, as well as providing the potential therapeutic targets for AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Zhu
- Department of Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, NO. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
| | - Suofeng Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, NO. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Fengxia Guo
- Department of Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, NO. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, NO. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
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15
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Chihanga T, Vicente-Muñoz S, Ruiz-Torres S, Pal B, Sertorio M, Andreassen PR, Khoury R, Mehta P, Davies SM, Lane AN, Romick-Rosendale LE, Wells SI. Head and Neck Cancer Susceptibility and Metabolism in Fanconi Anemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14082040. [PMID: 35454946 PMCID: PMC9025423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited, generally autosomal recessive syndrome, but it displays X-linked or dominant negative inheritance for certain genes. FA is characterized by a deficiency in DNA damage repair that results in bone marrow failure, and in an increased risk for various epithelial tumors, most commonly squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) and of the esophagus, anogenital tract and skin. Individuals with FA exhibit increased human papilloma virus (HPV) prevalence. Furthermore, a subset of anogenital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in FA harbor HPV sequences and FA-deficient laboratory models reveal molecular crosstalk between HPV and FA proteins. However, a definitive role for HPV in HNSCC development in the FA patient population is unproven. Cellular metabolism plays an integral role in tissue homeostasis, and metabolic deregulation is a known hallmark of cancer progression that supports uncontrolled proliferation, tumor development and metastatic dissemination. The metabolic consequences of FA deficiency in keratinocytes and associated impact on the development of SCC in the FA population is poorly understood. Herein, we review the current literature on the metabolic consequences of FA deficiency and potential effects of resulting metabolic reprogramming on FA cancer phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafadzwa Chihanga
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.C.); (S.R.-T.); (B.P.)
| | - Sara Vicente-Muñoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (S.V.-M.); (L.E.R.-R.)
| | - Sonya Ruiz-Torres
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.C.); (S.R.-T.); (B.P.)
| | - Bidisha Pal
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.C.); (S.R.-T.); (B.P.)
| | - Mathieu Sertorio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Paul R. Andreassen
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Ruby Khoury
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (R.K.); (P.M.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Parinda Mehta
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (R.K.); (P.M.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Stella M. Davies
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (R.K.); (P.M.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Andrew N. Lane
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Lindsey E. Romick-Rosendale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (S.V.-M.); (L.E.R.-R.)
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.C.); (S.R.-T.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-513-636-5986
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16
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Shen F, Geng Y, Zhang L, Luo L, Yan G, Hou R, Yue B, Zhang X. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Alternative Splicing Changes in the Immune-Related Genes of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), in Response to the Canine Distemper Vaccine. Zoolog Sci 2022; 39:275-285. [DOI: 10.2108/zs210078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Shen
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Yang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Li Luo
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Guoqiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rong Hou
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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17
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Payliss BJ, Patel A, Sheppard AC, Wyatt HDM. Exploring the Structures and Functions of Macromolecular SLX4-Nuclease Complexes in Genome Stability. Front Genet 2021; 12:784167. [PMID: 34804132 PMCID: PMC8599992 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.784167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms depend on the ability of cells to accurately duplicate and segregate DNA into progeny. However, DNA is frequently damaged by factors in the environment and from within cells. One of the most dangerous lesions is a DNA double-strand break. Unrepaired breaks are a major driving force for genome instability. Cells contain sophisticated DNA repair networks to counteract the harmful effects of genotoxic agents, thus safeguarding genome integrity. Homologous recombination is a high-fidelity, template-dependent DNA repair pathway essential for the accurate repair of DNA nicks, gaps and double-strand breaks. Accurate homologous recombination depends on the ability of cells to remove branched DNA structures that form during repair, which is achieved through the opposing actions of helicases and structure-selective endonucleases. This review focuses on a structure-selective endonuclease called SLX1-SLX4 and the macromolecular endonuclease complexes that assemble on the SLX4 scaffold. First, we discuss recent developments that illuminate the structure and biochemical properties of this somewhat atypical structure-selective endonuclease. We then summarize the multifaceted roles that are fulfilled by human SLX1-SLX4 and its associated endonucleases in homologous recombination and genome stability. Finally, we discuss recent work on SLX4-binding proteins that may represent integral components of these macromolecular nuclease complexes, emphasizing the structure and function of a protein called SLX4IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Payliss
- Department of Biochemistry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ayushi Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anneka C Sheppard
- Department of Biochemistry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haley D M Wyatt
- Department of Biochemistry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Canada Research Chairs Program, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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George M, Solanki A, Chavan N, Rajendran A, Raj R, Mohan S, Nemani S, Kanvinde S, Munirathnam D, Rao S, Radhakrishnan N, Lashkari HP, Ghildhiyal RG, Manglani M, Shanmukhaiah C, Bhat S, Ramesh S, Cherian A, Junagade P, Vundinti BR. A comprehensive molecular study identified 12 complementation groups with 56 novel FANC gene variants in Indian Fanconi anemia subjects. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1648-1665. [PMID: 34585473 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal or X-linked genetic disorder characterized by chromosomal breakages, congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure (BMF), and cancer. There has been a discovery of 22 FANC genes known to be involved in the FA pathway. This wide number of pathway components makes molecular diagnosis challenging for FA. We present here the most comprehensive molecular diagnosis of FA subjects from India. We observed a high frequency (4.42 ± 1.5 breaks/metaphase) of chromosomal breakages in 181 FA subjects. The major clinical abnormalities observed were skin pigmentation (70.2%), short stature (46.4%), and skeletal abnormalities (43.1%), along with a few minor clinical abnormalities. The combination of Sanger sequencing and Next Generation Sequencing could molecularly characterize 164 (90.6%) FA patients and identified 12 different complementation groups [FANCA (56.10%), FANCG (16.46%), FANCL (12.80%), FANCD2 (4.88%), FANCJ (2.44%), FANCE (1.22%), FANCF (1.22%), FANCI (1.22%), FANCN (1.22%), FANCC (1.22%), FANCD1 (0.61%) and FANCB (0.61%)]. A total of 56 novel variants were identified in our cohort, including a hotspot variant: a deletion of exon 27 in the FANCA gene and a nonsense variant at c.787 C>T in the FANCG gene. Our comprehensive molecular findings can aid in the stratification of molecular investigation in the diagnosis and management of FA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin George
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avani Solanki
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Niranjan Chavan
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Revathi Raj
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sheila Mohan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sandeep Nemani
- Department of Hematology, Usha Hematology Center, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailesh Kanvinde
- Department of Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deendayalan Munirathnam
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudha Rao
- Department of Paediatric Haemato-Oncology and Immunology, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nita Radhakrishnan
- Department of Paediatric Haematology Oncology, Super Specialty Pediatric Hospital & Post Graduate Teaching Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harsha Prasada Lashkari
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Mangalore, India
| | - Radha Gulati Ghildhiyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mamta Manglani
- Department of Hematology, Comprehensive Thalassemia Care Center and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Sunil Bhat
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Blood & Bone Marrow Transplantation, Narayana Health Network Hospitals, Bangalore, India
| | - Sowmyashree Ramesh
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanivilas Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anchu Cherian
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Pritesh Junagade
- Department of stem cell transplantation, Lotus Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Babu Rao Vundinti
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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19
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Raghunandan M, Yeo JE, Walter R, Saito K, Harvey AJ, Ittershagen S, Lee EA, Yang J, Hoatlin ME, Bielinsky AK, Hendrickson EA, Schärer O, Sobeck A. Functional cross talk between the Fanconi anemia and ATRX/DAXX histone chaperone pathways promotes replication fork recovery. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1083-1095. [PMID: 31628488 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a chromosome instability syndrome characterized by increased cancer predisposition. Specifically, the FA pathway functions to protect genome stability during DNA replication. The central FA pathway protein, FANCD2, locates to stalled replication forks and recruits homologous recombination (HR) factors such as CtBP interacting protein (CtIP) to promote replication fork restart while suppressing new origin firing. Here, we identify alpha-thalassemia retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) as a novel physical and functional interaction partner of FANCD2. ATRX is a chromatin remodeler that forms a complex with Death domain-associated protein 6 (DAXX) to deposit the histone variant H3.3 into specific genomic regions. Intriguingly, ATRX was recently implicated in replication fork recovery; however, the underlying mechanism(s) remained incompletely understood. Our findings demonstrate that ATRX forms a constitutive protein complex with FANCD2 and protects FANCD2 from proteasomal degradation. ATRX and FANCD2 localize to stalled replication forks where they cooperate to recruit CtIP and promote MRE11 exonuclease-dependent fork restart while suppressing the firing of new replication origins. Remarkably, replication restart requires the concerted histone H3 chaperone activities of ATRX/DAXX and FANCD2, demonstrating that coordinated histone H3 variant deposition is a crucial event during the reinitiation of replicative DNA synthesis. Lastly, ATRX also cooperates with FANCD2 to promote the HR-dependent repair of directly induced DNA double-stranded breaks. We propose that ATRX is a novel functional partner of FANCD2 to promote histone deposition-dependent HR mechanisms in S-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Raghunandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jung Eun Yeo
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryan Walter
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kai Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stacie Ittershagen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Eun-A Lee
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yang
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Maureen E Hoatlin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Anja K Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric A Hendrickson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Orlando Schärer
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexandra Sobeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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20
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Lemonidis K, Arkinson C, Rennie ML, Walden H. Mechanism, specificity, and function of FANCD2-FANCI ubiquitination and deubiquitination. FEBS J 2021; 289:4811-4829. [PMID: 34137174 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in any of the currently 22 known FA genes. The products of these genes, along with other FA-associated proteins, participate in a biochemical pathway, known as the FA pathway. This pathway is responsible for the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL) and the maintenance of genomic stability in response to replication stress. At the center of the pathway is the monoubiquitination of two FA proteins, FANCD2 and FANCI, on two specific lysine residues. This is achieved by the combined action of the UBE2T ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and a large multicomponent E3 ligase, known as the FA-core complex. This E2-E3 pair specifically targets the FANCI-FANCD2 heterodimer (ID2 complex) for ubiquitination on DNA. Deubiquitination of both FANCD2 and FANCI, which is also critical for ICL repair, is achieved by the USP1-UAF1 complex. Recent work suggests that FANCD2 ubiquitination transforms the ID2 complex into a sliding DNA clamp. Further, ID2 ubiquitination on FANCI does not alter the closed ID2 conformation observed upon FANCD2 ubiquitination and the associated ID2Ub complex with high DNA affinity. However, the resulting dimonoubiquitinated complex is highly resistant to USP1-UAF1 deubiquitination. This review will provide an update on recent work focusing on how specificity in FANCD2 ubiquitination and deubiquitination is achieved. Recent findings shedding light to the mechanisms, molecular functions, and biological roles of FANCI/FANCD2 ubiquitination and deubiquitination will be also discussed. ENZYMES: UBA1 (6.2.1.45), UBE2T (2.3.2.23), FANCL (2.3.2.27), USP1 (3.4.19.12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimon Lemonidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Connor Arkinson
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Martin L Rennie
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen Walden
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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21
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Sharp MF, Bythell-Douglas R, Deans AJ, Crismani W. The Fanconi anemia ubiquitin E3 ligase complex as an anti-cancer target. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2278-2289. [PMID: 33984284 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Agents that induce DNA damage can cure some cancers. However, the side effects of chemotherapy are severe because of the indiscriminate action of DNA-damaging agents on both healthy and cancerous cells. DNA repair pathway inhibition provides a less toxic and targeted alternative to chemotherapy. A compelling DNA repair target is the Fanconi anemia (FA) E3 ligase core complex due to its critical-and likely singular-role in the efficient removal of specific DNA lesions. FA pathway inactivation has been demonstrated to specifically kill some types of cancer cells without the addition of exogenous DNA damage, including cells that lack BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, or functionally related genes. In this perspective, we discuss the genetic and biochemical evidence in support of the FA core complex as a compelling drug target for cancer therapy. In particular, we discuss the genetic, biochemical, and structural data that could rapidly advance our capacity to identify and implement the use of FA core complex inhibitors in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Sharp
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Rohan Bythell-Douglas
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Deans
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Wayne Crismani
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
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22
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Panday A, Willis NA, Elango R, Menghi F, Duffey EE, Liu ET, Scully R. FANCM regulates repair pathway choice at stalled replication forks. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2428-2444.e6. [PMID: 33882298 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Repair pathway "choice" at stalled mammalian replication forks is an important determinant of genome stability; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. FANCM encodes a multi-domain scaffolding and motor protein that interacts with several distinct repair protein complexes at stalled forks. Here, we use defined mutations engineered within endogenous Fancm in mouse embryonic stem cells to study how Fancm regulates stalled fork repair. We find that distinct FANCM repair functions are enacted by molecularly separable scaffolding domains. These findings define FANCM as a key mediator of repair pathway choice at stalled replication forks and reveal its molecular mechanism. Notably, mutations that inactivate FANCM ATPase function disable all its repair functions and "trap" FANCM at stalled forks. We find that Brca1 hypomorphic mutants are synthetic lethal with Fancm null or Fancm ATPase-defective mutants. The ATPase function of FANCM may therefore represent a promising "druggable" target for therapy of BRCA1-linked cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Panday
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nicholas A Willis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rajula Elango
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Francesca Menghi
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Erin E Duffey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Edison T Liu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ralph Scully
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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23
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Schultz-Rogers L, Lach FP, Rickman KA, Ferrer A, Mangaonkar AA, Schwab TL, Schmitz CT, Clark KJ, Dsouza NR, Zimmermann MT, Litzow M, Jacobi N, Klee EW, Smogorzewska A, Patnaik MM. A homozygous missense variant in UBE2T is associated with a mild Fanconi anemia phenotype. Haematologica 2021; 106:1188-1192. [PMID: 32646888 PMCID: PMC8018101 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.259275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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24
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Characterization of FANCL variants observed in patient cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224375. [PMID: 32420600 PMCID: PMC7273913 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by developmental defects, bone marrow failure and high predisposition to cancer. The FA DNA repair pathway is required in humans to coordinate repair of DNA interstrand cross-links. The central event in the activation of the pathway is the monoubiquitination of FANCD2 and FANCI by the E2-E3 pair, Ube2T-FANCL, with the central UBC-RWD (URD) domain of FANCL recognizing the substrates. Whole genome sequencing studies of cancer cells from patients identified point mutations in the FANCL URD domain. We analysed 17 such variants of FANCL, including known substrate binding mutants (W212A, W214A and L248A, F252A, L254A, I265A), a FA mutation (R221C) and 14 cancer-associated mutations (F110S, I136V, L149V, L154S, A192G, E215Q, E217K, R221W, T224K, M247V, F252L, N270K, V287G, E289Q) through recombinant expression analysis, thermal shift assay, interaction with FANCD2, in vitro ubiquitination activity, and cellular sensitivity to an interstrand cross-linking agent. We find that the FANCL mutations I136V, L154S, W212A and L214A, R221W, R221C, and V287G are destabilizing, with N270K and E289Q destabilizing the C-terminal helices of the URD domain. The hydrophobic patch mutant (L248A, F252A, L254A, I265A), along with mutations E217K, T224K, and M247V, cause defects in the catalytic function of FANCL. This highlights the C-terminal lobe of the FANCL URD domain as important for the activity and function of FANCL. These mutations which affect the fold and activity of FANCL may contribute to tumorigenesis in these non-FA cancer patients, and this implicates FA genes in general cancer progression.
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25
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MiRNA-200C expression in Fanconi anemia pathway functionally deficient lung cancers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4420. [PMID: 33627769 PMCID: PMC7904768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway is essential for human cells to maintain genomic integrity following DNA damage. This pathway is involved in repairing damaged DNA through homologous recombination. Cancers with a defective FA pathway are expected to be more sensitive to cross-link based therapy or PARP inhibitors. To evaluate downstream effectors of the FA pathway, we studied the expression of 734 different micro RNAs (miRNA) using NanoString nCounter miRNA array in two FA defective lung cancer cells and matched control cells, along with two lung tumors and matched non-tumor tissue samples that were deficient in the FA pathway. Selected miRNA expression was validated with real-time PCR analysis. Among 734 different miRNAs, a cluster of microRNAs were found to be up-regulated including an important cancer related micro RNA, miR-200C. MiRNA-200C has been reported as a negative regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibits cell migration and invasion by promoting the upregulation of E-cadherin through targeting ZEB1 and ZEB2 transcription factors. miRNA-200C was increased in the FA defective lung cancers as compared to controls. AmpliSeq analysis showed significant reduction in ZEB1 and ZEB2 mRNA expression. Our findings indicate the miRNA-200C potentially play a very important role in FA pathway downstream regulation.
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26
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The Classification of VACTERL Association into 3 Groups According to the Limb Defect. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3360. [PMID: 33680640 PMCID: PMC7929542 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The VACTERL association (VA) is defined as the nonrandom co-occurrence of 6 anomalies: vertebral anomalies (V), Anal atresia (A), Cardiac defects (C), Tracheo-esophageal fistula (TE), Renal defects (R), and Limb anomalies (L). The current communication presents an argument that patients with VA should be classified into three district groups based on their limb defects: VACTERL1: patients with normal limbs; VACTERL2: patients with limb anomalies other than radial ray defects of the upper limbs; and VACTERL3: patients with radial ray defects of the upper limbs. The author will demonstrate that the rationale behind the L1-3 classification in patients in VA is based on the embryogenesis of the 6 affected anatomical areas in VA. The pathogenesis of VACTERL1 is secondary to perturbations of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) interactions. SHH signaling is known to have a major role in the normal development of the vertebrae, ano-rectal area, heart, tracheo-esophageal area, and kidney. However, SHH is not involved in the development of the radial ray; hence, patients present with no limb defects. The pathogenesis of VACTERL2 is variable depending on the type of gene mutation. The pathogenesis of VACTERL3 is related to errors in a group of proteins (namely, the proteins of the TBX5-SALL4-SALL1 loop and the FGF8-FGF10 loop/ pathway). These proteins are essential for the normal development of the radial ray and they interact in the development of the other anatomical areas of VA including the heart and kidney. Hence, VACTERL3 patients present with radial ray deficiency.
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27
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Chen Z, Chen J. Mass spectrometry-based protein‒protein interaction techniques and their applications in studies of DNA damage repair. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:1-20. [PMID: 33448183 PMCID: PMC7818012 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are major functional units that are tightly connected to form complex and dynamic networks. These networks enable cells and organisms to operate properly and respond efficiently to environmental cues. Over the past decades, many biochemical methods have been developed to search for protein-binding partners in order to understand how protein networks are constructed and connected. At the same time, rapid development in proteomics and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques makes it possible to identify interacting proteins and build comprehensive protein‒protein interaction networks. The resulting interactomes and networks have proven informative in the investigation of biological functions, such as in the field of DNA damage repair. In recent years, a number of proteins involved in DNA damage response and DNA repair pathways have been uncovered with MS-based protein‒protein interaction studies. As the technologies for enriching associated proteins and MS become more sophisticated, the studies of protein‒protein interactions are entering a new era. In this review, we summarize the strategies and recent developments for exploring protein‒protein interaction. In addition, we discuss the application of these tools in the investigation of protein‒protein interaction networks involved in DNA damage response and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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28
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Shen X, Wang R, Kim MJ, Hu Q, Hsu CC, Yao J, Klages-Mundt N, Tian Y, Lynn E, Brewer TF, Zhang Y, Arun B, Gan B, Andreeff M, Takeda S, Chen J, Park JI, Shi X, Chang CJ, Jung SY, Qin J, Li L. A Surge of DNA Damage Links Transcriptional Reprogramming and Hematopoietic Deficit in Fanconi Anemia. Mol Cell 2021; 80:1013-1024.e6. [PMID: 33338401 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impaired DNA crosslink repair leads to Fanconi anemia (FA), characterized by a unique manifestation of bone marrow failure and pancytopenia among diseases caused by DNA damage response defects. As a germline disorder, why the hematopoietic hierarchy is specifically affected is not fully understood. We find that reprogramming transcription during hematopoietic differentiation results in an overload of genotoxic stress, which causes aborted differentiation and depletion of FA mutant progenitor cells. DNA damage onset most likely arises from formaldehyde, an obligate by-product of oxidative protein demethylation during transcription regulation. Our results demonstrate that rapid and extensive transcription reprogramming associated with hematopoietic differentiation poses a major threat to genome stability and cell viability in the absence of the FA pathway. The connection between differentiation and DNA damage accumulation reveals a novel mechanism of genome scarring and is critical to exploring therapies to counteract the aplastic anemia for the treatment of FA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Moon Jong Kim
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qianghua Hu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Chao Hsu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular Oncology, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Naeh Klages-Mundt
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanyan Tian
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erica Lynn
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas F Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Banu Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Biology, Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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29
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DNA polymerase ι compensates for Fanconi anemia pathway deficiency by countering DNA replication stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:33436-33445. [PMID: 33376220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008821117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is caused by defects in cellular responses to DNA crosslinking damage and replication stress. Given the constant occurrence of endogenous DNA damage and replication fork stress, it is unclear why complete deletion of FA genes does not have a major impact on cell proliferation and germ-line FA patients are able to progress through development well into their adulthood. To identify potential cellular mechanisms that compensate for the FA deficiency, we performed dropout screens in FA mutant cells with a whole genome guide RNA library. This uncovered a comprehensive genome-wide profile of FA pathway synthetic lethality, including POLI and CDK4 As little is known of the cellular function of DNA polymerase iota (Pol ι), we focused on its role in the loss-of-function FA knockout mutants. Loss of both FA pathway function and Pol ι leads to synthetic defects in cell proliferation and cell survival, and an increase in DNA damage accumulation. Furthermore, FA-deficient cells depend on the function of Pol ι to resume replication upon replication fork stalling. Our results reveal a critical role for Pol ι in DNA repair and replication fork restart and suggest Pol ι as a target for therapeutic intervention in malignancies carrying an FA gene mutation.
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30
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Sun S, He H, Ma Y, Xu J, Chen G, Sun Y, Xiong X. Inactivation of ribosomal protein S27-like impairs DNA interstrand cross-link repair by destabilization of FANCD2 and FANCI. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:852. [PMID: 33051438 PMCID: PMC7555897 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S27-like (RPS27L), an evolutionarily conserved ribosomal protein and a direct p53 target, plays an important role in maintenance of genome integrity. We have previously reported that RPS27L regulates radiation sensitivity via the MDM2-p53 and MDM2-MRN-ATM axes. Whether and how RPS27L modulates DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair is unknown. Here we identified that RPS27L binds to FANCD2 and FANCI, two Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins functioning in ICL repair pathway. Upon RPS27L knockdown, the levels of FANCD2 and FANCI are reduced due to accelerated degradation via p62-mediated autophagy-lysosome pathway, which is abrogated by chloroquine (CQ) treatment or Beclin 1 knockdown. Biologically, RPS27L knockdown suppresses FANCD2 foci formation and impairs ICL repair upon exposure to ICL-inducing agent mitomycin C (MMC) in lung cancer cells. This effect of MMC sensitization can be partially reversed by CQ treatment. Together, our study shows that RPS27L positively regulates ICL repair by binding with FANCD2 and FANCI to prevent their degradation via autophagy-lysosome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Sun
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Hengqian He
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Guoan Chen
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiufang Xiong
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
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31
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Ye M, Chen Y. Zebrafish as an emerging model to study gonad development. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2373-2380. [PMID: 32994895 PMCID: PMC7498840 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a popular model organism in developmental biology and pharmacogenetics due to its attribute of pathway conservation. Coupled with the availability of robust genetic and transgenic tools, transparent embryos and rapid larval development, studies of zebrafish allow detailed cellular analysis of many dynamic processes. In recent decades, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the process of gonad development have been the subject of intense research using zebrafish models. In this mini-review, we give a brief overview of these studies, and highlight the essential genes involved in sex determination and gonad development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Ye
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Shao X, Joergensen AM, Howlett NG, Lisby M, Oestergaard VH. A distinct role for recombination repair factors in an early cellular response to transcription-replication conflicts. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:5467-5484. [PMID: 32329774 PMCID: PMC7261159 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription-replication (T-R) conflicts are profound threats to genome integrity. However, whilst much is known about the existence of T-R conflicts, our understanding of the genetic and temporal nature of how cells respond to them is poorly established. Here, we address this by characterizing the early cellular response to transient T-R conflicts (TRe). This response specifically requires the DNA recombination repair proteins BLM and BRCA2 as well as a non-canonical monoubiquitylation-independent function of FANCD2. A hallmark of the TRe response is the rapid co-localization of these three DNA repair factors at sites of T-R collisions. We find that the TRe response relies on basal activity of the ATR kinase, yet it does not lead to hyperactivation of this key checkpoint protein. Furthermore, specific abrogation of the TRe response leads to DNA damage in mitosis, and promotes chromosome instability and cell death. Collectively our findings identify a new role for these well-established tumor suppressor proteins at an early stage of the cellular response to conflicts between DNA transcription and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shao
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | | | - Niall G Howlett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Michael Lisby
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Vibe H Oestergaard
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
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33
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Montanuy H, Camps-Fajol C, Carreras-Puigvert J, Häggblad M, Lundgren B, Aza-Carmona M, Helleday T, Minguillón J, Surrallés J. High content drug screening for Fanconi anemia therapeutics. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:170. [PMID: 32605631 PMCID: PMC7325660 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fanconi anemia is a rare disease clinically characterized by malformations, bone marrow failure and an increased risk of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The only therapies available are hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for bone marrow failure or leukemia, and surgical resection for solid tumors. Therefore, there is still an urgent need for new therapeutic options. With this aim, we developed a novel high-content cell-based screening assay to identify drugs with therapeutic potential in FA. RESULTS A TALEN-mediated FANCA-deficient U2OS cell line was stably transfected with YFP-FANCD2 fusion protein. These cells were unable to form fluorescent foci or to monoubiquitinate endogenous or exogenous FANCD2 upon DNA damage and were more sensitive to mitomycin C when compared to the parental wild type counterpart. FANCA correction by retroviral infection restored the cell line's ability to form FANCD2 foci and ubiquitinate FANCD2. The feasibility of this cell-based system was interrogated in a high content screening of 3802 compounds, including a Prestwick library of 1200 FDA-approved drugs. The potential hits identified were then individually tested for their ability to rescue FANCD2 foci and monoubiquitination, and chromosomal stability in the absence of FANCA. CONCLUSIONS While, unfortunately, none of the compounds tested were able to restore cellular FANCA-deficiency, our study shows the potential capacity to screen large compound libraries in the context of Fanconi anemia therapeutics in an optimized and cost-effective platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Montanuy
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Camps-Fajol
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB-Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Carreras-Puigvert
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB-Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades raras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Häggblad
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Currently at Division of Genome Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundgren
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, SciLifelab, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE, Sweden
| | - Miriam Aza-Carmona
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics and Skeletal dysplasia multidisciplinary Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jordi Minguillón
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades raras, Barcelona, Spain.,Genetics Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB-Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades raras, Barcelona, Spain. .,Genetics Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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34
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Rennie ML, Lemonidis K, Arkinson C, Chaugule VK, Clarke M, Streetley J, Spagnolo L, Walden H. Differential functions of FANCI and FANCD2 ubiquitination stabilize ID2 complex on DNA. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50133. [PMID: 32510829 PMCID: PMC7332966 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway is a dedicated pathway for the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks and is additionally activated in response to other forms of replication stress. A key step in the FA pathway is the monoubiquitination of each of the two subunits (FANCI and FANCD2) of the ID2 complex on specific lysine residues. However, the molecular function of these modifications has been unknown for nearly two decades. Here, we find that ubiquitination of FANCD2 acts to increase ID2's affinity for double‐stranded DNA via promoting a large‐scale conformational change in the complex. The resulting complex encircles DNA, by forming a secondary “Arm” ID2 interface. Ubiquitination of FANCI, on the other hand, largely protects the ubiquitin on FANCD2 from USP1‐UAF1 deubiquitination, with key hydrophobic residues of FANCI's ubiquitin being important for this protection. In effect, both of these post‐translational modifications function to stabilize a conformation in which the ID2 complex encircles DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Rennie
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kimon Lemonidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Connor Arkinson
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Viduth K Chaugule
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mairi Clarke
- Scottish Centre for Macromolecular Imaging, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - James Streetley
- Scottish Centre for Macromolecular Imaging, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura Spagnolo
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen Walden
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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35
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The FANC/BRCA Pathway Releases Replication Blockades by Eliminating DNA Interstrand Cross-Links. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050585. [PMID: 32466131 PMCID: PMC7288313 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) represent a major barrier blocking DNA replication fork progression. ICL accumulation results in growth arrest and cell death—particularly in cell populations undergoing high replicative activity, such as cancer and leukemic cells. For this reason, agents able to induce DNA ICLs are widely used as chemotherapeutic drugs. However, ICLs are also generated in cells as byproducts of normal metabolic activities. Therefore, every cell must be capable of rescuing lCL-stalled replication forks while maintaining the genetic stability of the daughter cells in order to survive, replicate DNA and segregate chromosomes at mitosis. Inactivation of the Fanconi anemia/breast cancer-associated (FANC/BRCA) pathway by inherited mutations leads to Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare developmental, cancer-predisposing and chromosome-fragility syndrome. FANC/BRCA is the key hub for a complex and wide network of proteins that—upon rescuing ICL-stalled DNA replication forks—allows cell survival. Understanding how cells cope with ICLs is mandatory to ameliorate ICL-based anticancer therapies and provide the molecular basis to prevent or bypass cancer drug resistance. Here, we review our state-of-the-art understanding of the mechanisms involved in ICL resolution during DNA synthesis, with a major focus on how the FANC/BRCA pathway ensures DNA strand opening and prevents genomic instability.
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36
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Sharp MF, Murphy VJ, Twest SV, Tan W, Lui J, Simpson KJ, Deans AJ, Crismani W. Methodology for the identification of small molecule inhibitors of the Fanconi Anaemia ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7959. [PMID: 32409752 PMCID: PMC7224301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA inter-strand crosslinks (ICLs) threaten genomic stability by creating a physical barrier to DNA replication and transcription. ICLs can be caused by endogenous reactive metabolites or from chemotherapeutics. ICL repair in humans depends heavily on the Fanconi Anaemia (FA) pathway. A key signalling step of the FA pathway is the mono-ubiquitination of Fanconi Anaemia Complementation Group D2 (FANCD2), which is achieved by the multi-subunit E3 ligase complex. FANCD2 mono-ubiquitination leads to the recruitment of DNA repair proteins to the site of the ICL. The loss of FANCD2 mono-ubiquitination is a common clinical feature of FA patient cells. Therefore, molecules that restore FANCD2 mono-ubiquitination could lead to a potential drug for the management of FA. On the other hand, in some cancers, FANCD2 mono-ubiquitination has been shown to be essential for cell survival. Therefore, inhibition of FANCD2 mono-ubiquitination represents a possible therapeutic strategy for cancer specific killing. We transferred an 11-protein FANCD2 mono-ubiquitination assay to a high-throughput format. We screened 9,067 compounds for both activation and inhibition of the E3 ligase complex. The use of orthogonal assays revealed that candidate compounds acted via non-specific mechanisms. However, our high-throughput biochemical assays demonstrate the feasibility of using sophisticated and robust biochemistry to screen for small molecules that modulate a key step in the FA pathway. The future identification of FA pathway modulators is anticipated to guide future medicinal chemistry projects with drug leads for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Sharp
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Vince J Murphy
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Sylvie Van Twest
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Winnie Tan
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia.,Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's Health), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jennii Lui
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew J Deans
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia.,Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's Health), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Wayne Crismani
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia. .,Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's Health), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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37
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Sewduth RN, Baietti MF, Sablina AA. Cracking the Monoubiquitin Code of Genetic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093036. [PMID: 32344852 PMCID: PMC7246618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a versatile and dynamic post-translational modification in which single ubiquitin molecules or polyubiquitin chains are attached to target proteins, giving rise to mono- or poly-ubiquitination, respectively. The majority of research in the ubiquitin field focused on degradative polyubiquitination, whereas more recent studies uncovered the role of single ubiquitin modification in important physiological processes. Monoubiquitination can modulate the stability, subcellular localization, binding properties, and activity of the target proteins. Understanding the function of monoubiquitination in normal physiology and pathology has important therapeutic implications, as alterations in the monoubiquitin pathway are found in a broad range of genetic diseases. This review highlights a link between monoubiquitin signaling and the pathogenesis of genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Nayan Sewduth
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.N.S.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Francesca Baietti
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.N.S.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna A. Sablina
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.N.S.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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38
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Abstract
Exposure to arsenic in contaminated drinking water is an emerging public health problem that impacts more than 200 million people worldwide. Accumulating lines of evidence from epidemiological studies revealed that chronic exposure to arsenic can result in various human diseases including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Arsenic is also classified as a Group I human carcinogen. In this review, we survey extensively different modes of action for arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, with focus being placed on arsenic-mediated impairment of DNA repair pathways. Inorganic arsenic can be bioactivated by methylation, and the ensuing products are highly genotoxic. Bioactivation of arsenicals also elicits the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), which can directly damage DNA and modify cysteine residues in proteins. Results from recent studies suggest zinc finger proteins as crucial molecular targets for direct binding to As3+ or for modifications by arsenic-induced ROS/RNS, which may constitute a common mechanism underlying arsenic-induced perturbations of DNA repair.
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39
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Samarakkody AS, Shin NY, Cantor AB. Role of RUNX Family Transcription Factors in DNA Damage Response. Mol Cells 2020; 43:99-106. [PMID: 32024352 PMCID: PMC7057837 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly exposed to endogenous and exogenous stresses that can result in DNA damage. In response, they have evolved complex pathways to maintain genomic integrity. RUNX family transcription factors (RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3 in mammals) are master regulators of development and differentiation, and are frequently dysregulated in cancer. A growing body of research also implicates RUNX proteins as regulators of the DNA damage response, often acting in conjunction with the p53 and Fanconi anemia pathways. In this review, we discuss the functional role and mechanisms involved in RUNX factor mediated response to DNA damage and other cellular stresses. We highlight the impact of these new findings on our understanding of cancer predisposition associated with RUNX factor dysregulation and their implications for designing novel approaches to prevent cancer formation in affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Sanoji Samarakkody
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 025, USA
| | - Nah-Young Shin
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 025, USA
| | - Alan B. Cantor
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 025, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 0138, USA
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40
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Yang Y, Guo T, Liu R, Ke H, Xu W, Zhao S, Qin Y. FANCL
gene mutations in premature ovarian insufficiency. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1033-1041. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive GeneticsShandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ting Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive GeneticsShandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ran Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive GeneticsShandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Hanni Ke
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive GeneticsShandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive GeneticsShandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive GeneticsShandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive GeneticsShandong University Jinan Shandong China
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41
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Rikitake M, Fujikane R, Obayashi Y, Oka K, Ozaki M, Hidaka M. MLH1-mediated recruitment of FAN1 to chromatin for the induction of apoptosis triggered by O 6 -methylguanine. Genes Cells 2020; 25:175-186. [PMID: 31955481 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
O6 -Methylguanines (O6 -meG), which are produced in DNA by the action of alkylating agents, are mutagenic and cytotoxic, and induce apoptosis in a mismatch repair (MMR) protein-dependent manner. To understand the molecular mechanism of O6 -meG-induced apoptosis, we performed functional analyses of FANCD2 and FANCI-associated nuclease 1 (FAN1), which was identified as an interacting partner of MLH1. Immunoprecipitation analyses showed that FAN1 interacted with both MLH1 and MSH2 after treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), indicating the formation of a FAN1-MMR complex. In comparison with control cells, FAN1-knockdown cells were more resistant to MNU, and the appearances of a sub-G1 population and caspase-9 activation were suppressed. FAN1 formed nuclear foci in an MLH1-dependent manner after MNU treatment, and some were colocalized with both MLH1 foci and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) created at damaged sites. Under the same condition, FANCD2 also formed nuclear foci, although it was dispensable for the formation of FAN1 foci and ssDNA. MNU-induced formation of ssDNA was dramatically suppressed in FAN1-knockdown cells. We therefore propose that FAN1 is loaded on chromatin through the interaction with MLH1 and produces ssDNA by its exonuclease activity, which contributes to the activation of the DNA damage response followed by the induction of apoptosis triggered by O6 -meG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Rikitake
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujikane
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.,Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Obayashi
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Oka
- Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Ozaki
- Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masumi Hidaka
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.,Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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42
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Donovan FX, Solanki A, Mori M, Chavan N, George M, Selvaa KC, Okuno Y, Muramastsu H, Yoshida K, Shimamoto A, Takaori-Kondo A, Yabe H, Ogawa S, Kojima S, Yabe M, Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa R, Smogorzewska A, Mohan S, Rajendran A, Auerbach AD, Takata M, Chandrasekharappa SC, Vundinti BR. A founder variant in the South Asian population leads to a high prevalence of FANCL Fanconi anemia cases in India. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:122-128. [PMID: 31513304 PMCID: PMC7362330 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, predisposition to cancer, and congenital abnormalities. FA is caused by pathogenic variants in any of 22 genes involved in the DNA repair pathway responsible for removing interstrand crosslinks. FANCL, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is an integral component of the pathway, but patients affected by disease-causing FANCL variants are rare, with only nine cases reported worldwide. We report here a FANCL founder variant, anticipated to be synonymous, c.1092G>A;p.K364=, but demonstrated to induce aberrant splicing, c.1021_1092del;p.W341_K364del, that accounts for the onset of FA in 13 cases from South Asia, 12 from India and one from Pakistan. We comprehensively illustrate the pathogenic nature of the variant, provide evidence for a founder effect, and propose including this variant in genetic screening of suspected FA patients in India and Pakistan, as well as those with ancestry from these regions of South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank X. Donovan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Avani Solanki
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13 Floor, New Multistoreyed Building, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai – 400 012. Maharashtra, India
| | - Minako Mori
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Centre, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Niranjan Chavan
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13 Floor, New Multistoreyed Building, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai – 400 012. Maharashtra, India
| | - Merin George
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13 Floor, New Multistoreyed Building, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai – 400 012. Maharashtra, India
| | - Kumar C Selvaa
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Level 6, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, Plot No. 50, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400 614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramastsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Shimamoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo Onoda, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yabe
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miharu Yabe
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ramanagouda Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Agata Smogorzewska
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for children, Chennai, India
| | - Arleen D Auerbach
- Human Genetics and Hematology Program, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Centre, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Settara C. Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Babu Rao Vundinti
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13 Floor, New Multistoreyed Building, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai – 400 012. Maharashtra, India
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Chaugule VK, Arkinson C, Rennie ML, Kämäräinen O, Toth R, Walden H. Allosteric mechanism for site-specific ubiquitination of FANCD2. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 16:291-301. [PMID: 31873223 PMCID: PMC7035956 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage repair is implemented by proteins that are coordinated by specialised molecular signals. One such signal in the Fanconi Anemia (FA) DNA-interstrand crosslink repair pathway is the site-specific monoubiquitination of FANCD2 and FANCI. The signal is mediated by a multi-protein FA core complex (FA-CC) however, the mechanics for precise ubiquitination remain elusive. We show that FANCL, the RING-bearing module in FA-CC, allosterically activates its cognate E2 Ube2T to drive site-specific FANCD2 ubiquitination. Unlike typical RING E3 ligases, FANCL catalyses ubiquitination by rewiring Ube2T’s intra-residue network to influence the active site. Consequently, a basic triad unique to Ube2T engages a structured acidic patch near the target lysine on FANCD2. This three-dimensional complementarity, between the E2 active site and substrate surface, induced by FANCL is central to site-specific monoubiquitination in the FA pathway. Furthermore, the allosteric network of Ube2T can be engineered to enhance FANCL catalysed FANCD2-FANCI di-monoubiquitination without compromising site-specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viduth K Chaugule
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. .,MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Connor Arkinson
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Martin L Rennie
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Outi Kämäräinen
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel Toth
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Helen Walden
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. .,MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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Taylor AMR, Rothblum-Oviatt C, Ellis NA, Hickson ID, Meyer S, Crawford TO, Smogorzewska A, Pietrucha B, Weemaes C, Stewart GS. Chromosome instability syndromes. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:64. [PMID: 31537806 PMCID: PMC10617425 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA), ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) and Bloom syndrome (BS) are clinically distinct, chromosome instability (or breakage) disorders. Each disorder has its own pattern of chromosomal damage, with cells from these patients being hypersensitive to particular genotoxic drugs, indicating that the underlying defect in each case is likely to be different. In addition, each syndrome shows a predisposition to cancer. Study of the molecular and genetic basis of these disorders has revealed mechanisms of recognition and repair of DNA double-strand breaks, DNA interstrand crosslinks and DNA damage during DNA replication. Specialist clinics for each disorder have provided the concentration of expertise needed to tackle their characteristic clinical problems and improve outcomes. Although some treatments of the consequences of a disorder may be possible, for example, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in FA and NBS, future early intervention to prevent complications of disease will depend on a greater understanding of the roles of the affected DNA repair pathways in development. An important realization has been the predisposition to cancer in carriers of some of these gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Malcolm R Taylor
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | - Nathan A Ellis
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ian D Hickson
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, and Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital and The Christie NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas O Crawford
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Agata Smogorzewska
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Pietrucha
- Department of Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Corry Weemaes
- Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Immunology), Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Ge Z, Leighton JS, Wang Y, Peng X, Chen Z, Chen H, Sun Y, Yao F, Li J, Zhang H, Liu J, Shriver CD, Hu H, Piwnica-Worms H, Ma L, Liang H. Integrated Genomic Analysis of the Ubiquitin Pathway across Cancer Types. Cell Rep 2019; 23:213-226.e3. [PMID: 29617661 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is a dynamic and reversible process of adding single ubiquitin molecules or various ubiquitin chains to target proteins. Here, using multidimensional omic data of 9,125 tumor samples across 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we perform comprehensive molecular characterization of 929 ubiquitin-related genes and 95 deubiquitinase genes. Among them, we systematically identify top somatic driver candidates, including mutated FBXW7 with cancer-type-specific patterns and amplified MDM2 showing a mutually exclusive pattern with BRAF mutations. Ubiquitin pathway genes tend to be upregulated in cancer mediated by diverse mechanisms. By integrating pan-cancer multiomic data, we identify a group of tumor samples that exhibit worse prognosis. These samples are consistently associated with the upregulation of cell-cycle and DNA repair pathways, characterized by mutated TP53, MYC/TERT amplification, and APC/PTEN deletion. Our analysis highlights the importance of the ubiquitin pathway in cancer development and lays a foundation for developing relevant therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Ge
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jake S Leighton
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xinxin Peng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fan Yao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | - Craig D Shriver
- Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University/Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Hai Hu
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | | | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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46
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Lopez-Martinez D, Kupculak M, Yang D, Yoshikawa Y, Liang CC, Wu R, Gygi SP, Cohn MA. Phosphorylation of FANCD2 Inhibits the FANCD2/FANCI Complex and Suppresses the Fanconi Anemia Pathway in the Absence of DNA Damage. Cell Rep 2019; 27:2990-3005.e5. [PMID: 31167143 PMCID: PMC6581795 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) of the DNA helix are a deleterious form of DNA damage. ICLs can be repaired by the Fanconi anemia pathway. At the center of the pathway is the FANCD2/FANCI complex, recruitment of which to DNA is a critical step for repair. After recruitment, monoubiquitination of both FANCD2 and FANCI leads to their retention on chromatin, ensuring subsequent repair. However, regulation of recruitment is poorly understood. Here, we report a cluster of phosphosites on FANCD2 whose phosphorylation by CK2 inhibits both FANCD2 recruitment to ICLs and its monoubiquitination in vitro and in vivo. We have found that phosphorylated FANCD2 possesses reduced DNA binding activity, explaining the previous observations. Thus, we describe a regulatory mechanism operating as a molecular switch, where in the absence of DNA damage, the FANCD2/FANCI complex is prevented from loading onto DNA, effectively suppressing the FA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marian Kupculak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | - Chih-Chao Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Ronghu Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01125, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01125, USA
| | - Martin A Cohn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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47
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Collado-Torres L, Burke EE, Peterson A, Shin J, Straub RE, Rajpurohit A, Semick SA, Ulrich WS, Price AJ, Valencia C, Tao R, Deep-Soboslay A, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Weinberger DR, Jaffe AE. Regional Heterogeneity in Gene Expression, Regulation, and Coherence in the Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus across Development and Schizophrenia. Neuron 2019; 103:203-216.e8. [PMID: 31174959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus formation, although prominently implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis, has been overlooked in large-scale genomics efforts in the schizophrenic brain. We performed RNA-seq in hippocampi and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFCs) from 551 individuals (286 with schizophrenia). We identified substantial regional differences in gene expression and found widespread developmental differences that were independent of cellular composition. We identified 48 and 245 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with schizophrenia within the hippocampus and DLPFC, with little overlap between the brain regions. 124 of 163 (76.6%) of schizophrenia GWAS risk loci contained eQTLs in any region. Transcriptome-wide association studies in each region identified many novel schizophrenia risk features that were brain region-specific. Last, we identified potential molecular correlates of in vivo evidence of altered prefrontal-hippocampal functional coherence in schizophrenia. These results underscore the complexity and regional heterogeneity of the transcriptional correlates of schizophrenia and offer new insights into potentially causative biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Collado-Torres
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily E Burke
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amy Peterson
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - JooHeon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard E Straub
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anandita Rajpurohit
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stephen A Semick
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - William S Ulrich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Amanda J Price
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cristian Valencia
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amy Deep-Soboslay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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48
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF), congenital defects, inability to repair DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs), and cancer predisposition. FA presents two seemingly opposite characteristics: (a) massive cell death of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment due to extensive genomic instability, leading to BMF, and (b) uncontrolled cell proliferation leading to FA-associated malignancies. The canonical function of the FA proteins is to collaborate with several other DNA repair proteins to eliminate clastogenic (chromosome-breaking) effects of DNA ICLs. Recent discoveries reveal that the FA pathway functions in a critical tumor-suppressor network to preserve genomic integrity by stabilizing replication forks, mitigating replication stress, and regulating cytokinesis. Homozygous germline mutations (biallelic) in 22 FANC genes cause FA, whereas heterozygous germline mutations in some of the FANC genes (monoallelic), such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, do not cause FA but significantly increase cancer susceptibility sporadically in the general population. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the functions of the FA pathway in the maintenance of genomic stability, and we present an overview of the prevalence and clinical relevance of somatic mutations in FA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshi Niraj
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
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49
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Savage SA, Walsh MF. Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, and Cancer Surveillance in Fanconi Anemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2019; 32:657-668. [PMID: 30047418 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a DNA repair disorder associated with a high risk of cancer and bone marrow failure. Patients with FA may present with certain dysmorphic features, such as radial ray abnormalities, short stature, typical facies, bone marrow failure, or certain solid malignancies. Some patients may be recognized due to exquisite sensitivity after exposure to cancer therapy. FA is diagnosed by increased chromosomal breakage after exposure to clastogenic agents. It follows autosomal recessive and X-linked inheritance depending on the underlying genomic alterations. Recognizing patients with FA is important for therapeutic decisions, genetic counseling, and optimal clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E456, MSC 9772, Bethesda, MD 20892-9772, USA
| | - Michael F Walsh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumor, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 222 70th Street Room 412, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 222 70th Street Room 412, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 222 70th Street Room 412, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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50
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Luo E, Liu H, Zhao Q, Shi B, Chen Q. Dental-craniofacial manifestation and treatment of rare diseases. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:9. [PMID: 30783081 PMCID: PMC6381182 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases are usually genetic, chronic and incurable disorders with a relatively low incidence. Developments in the diagnosis and management of rare diseases have been relatively slow due to a lack of sufficient profit motivation and market to attract research by companies. However, due to the attention of government and society as well as economic development, rare diseases have been gradually become an increasing concern. As several dental-craniofacial manifestations are associated with rare diseases, we summarize them in this study to help dentists and oral maxillofacial surgeons provide an early diagnosis and subsequent management for patients with these rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiucheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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