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Shah A, Kumar C, Shanmukhaiah C, Rajendran A, Mudaliar S, Idicula-Thomas S, Vundinti BR. Genomic and computational analysis of four novel variants of MPL gene in Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:2683-2693. [PMID: 37438490 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) is a rare, genetic, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe thrombocytopenia, due to inefficient bone marrow megakaryopoiesis eventually leading to aplasia. Majority of the cases are due to homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in MPL gene encoding for thrombopoietin (THPO) receptor protein. CAMT can be diagnosed at early phase of life, with major complication of transfusion dependency and hematopoietic transplantation as only curative treatment. We have investigated the sequence variations in MPL gene of 7 bone marrow failure (BMF) subjects, who presented with clinically diverse phenotypes, through next generation sequencing (NGS). Plasma THPO levels were estimated using ELISA. Insilico sequence and structure-based analyses were performed to understand the structural and functional implications of mutations, identified through NGS. We studied 7 CAMT subjects suspected of BMF, who presented with severe thrombocytopenia followed by pancytopenia, bleeding manifestation and physical anomalies. The plasma THPO levels were significantly elevated (p<0.05) in all the cases. Molecular analysis by NGS identified 9 genomic mutations in MPL gene. These included 7 non-synonymous substitution, 1 nonsense substitution and 1 in-del mutations, of which 4 are novel mutations. Insilico analysis predicted damaging effects on THPO-R and its reduced affinity for THPO for all the identified mutations. CAMT is a rare disorder with diverse clinical phenotypes and diagnosis is challenging. The elevated plasma THPO levels should be considered for the primary diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. However, molecular analysis of MPL gene is important for the diagnosis and management of the disease through genetic counselling. Though the cytokines, THPO-R agonist are used for the treatment of CAMT, HSCT is the only curative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Shah
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13th floor, New Multi-storeyed building, KEM hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Chandrakala Shanmukhaiah
- Department of Haematology, KEM Hospital, 10th Floor, New Multistoried Building, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, India
| | | | - Susan Idicula-Thomas
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Babu Rao Vundinti
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13th floor, New Multi-storeyed building, KEM hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India.
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Sri Preethaa KR, Munisamy SD, Rajendran A, Muthuramalingam A, Natarajan Y, Yusuf Ali AA. Novel ANOVA-Statistic-Reduced Deep Fully Connected Neural Network for the Damage Grade Prediction of Post-Earthquake Buildings. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6439. [PMID: 37514735 PMCID: PMC10385065 DOI: 10.3390/s23146439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Earthquakes are cataclysmic events that can harm structures and human existence. The estimation of seismic damage to buildings remains a challenging task due to several environmental uncertainties. The damage grade categorization of a building takes a significant amount of time and work. The early analysis of the damage rate of concrete building structures is essential for addressing the need to repair and avoid accidents. With this motivation, an ANOVA-Statistic-Reduced Deep Fully Connected Neural Network (ASR-DFCNN) model is proposed that can grade damages accurately by considering significant damage features. A dataset containing 26 attributes from 762,106 damaged buildings was used for the model building. This work focused on analyzing the importance of feature selection and enhancing the accuracy of damage grade categorization. Initially, a dataset without primary feature selection was utilized for damage grade categorization using various machine learning (ML) classifiers, and the performance was recorded. Secondly, ANOVA was applied to the original dataset to eliminate the insignificant attributes for determining the damage grade. The selected features were subjected to 10-component principal component analysis (PCA) to scrutinize the top-ten-ranked significant features that contributed to grading the building damage. The 10-component ANOVA PCA-reduced (ASR) dataset was applied to the classifiers for damage grade prediction. The results showed that the Bagging classifier with the reduced dataset produced the greatest accuracy of 83% among all the classifiers considering an 80:20 ratio of data for the training and testing phases. To enhance the performance of prediction, a deep fully connected convolutional neural network (DFCNN) was implemented with a reduced dataset (ASR). The proposed ASR-DFCNN model was designed with the sequential keras model with four dense layers, with the first three dense layers fitted with the ReLU activation function and the final dense layer fitted with a tanh activation function with a dropout of 0.2. The ASR-DFCNN model was compiled with a NADAM optimizer with the weight decay of L2 regularization. The damage grade categorization performance of the ASR-DFCNN model was compared with that of other ML classifiers using precision, recall, F-Scores, and accuracy values. From the results, it is evident that the ASR-DFCNN model performance was better, with 98% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Sri Preethaa
- Department of Robot and Smart System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641407, India
| | - Shyamala Devi Munisamy
- Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600062, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600062, India
| | - Akila Muthuramalingam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641407, India
| | - Yuvaraj Natarajan
- Department of Robot and Smart System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641407, India
| | - Ahmed Abdi Yusuf Ali
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
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J. R, K. M, Rajendran A. De-noising of salt and pepper noise using deep learning-based alpha-guided grey wolf optimization. Appl Soft Comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2022.109649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sambath Kumar K, Rajendran A. An automatic brain tumor segmentation using modified inception module based U-Net model. IFS 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-211879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Manual segmentation of brain tumor is not only a tedious task that may bring human mistakes. An automatic segmentation gives results faster, and it extends the survival rate with an earlier treatment plan. So, an automatic brain tumor segmentation model, modified inception module based U-Net (IMU-Net) proposed. It takes Magnetic resonance (MR) images from the BRATS 2017 training dataset with four modalities (FLAIR, T1, T1ce, and T2). The concatenation of two series 3×3 kernels, one 5×5, and one 1×1 convolution kernels are utilized to extract the whole tumor (WT), core tumor (CT), and enhance tumor (ET). The modified inception module (IM) collects all the relevant features and provides better segmentation results. The proposed deep learning model contains 40 convolution layers and utilizes intensity normalization and data augmentation operation for further improvement. It achieved the mean dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.90, 0.77, 0.74, and the mean Intersection over Union (IOU) of 0.79, 0.70, 0.70 for WT, CT, and ET during the evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sambath Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A. Rajendran
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Myleripalayam Village, Othakalmandapam, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
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George M, Solanki A, Chavan N, Rajendran A, Raj R, Mohan S, Nemani S, Kanvinde S, Munirathnam D, Rao S, Radhakrishnan N, Lashkari HP, Ghildhiyal RG, Manglani M, Shanmukhaiah C, Bhat S, Ramesh S, Cherian A, Junagade P, Vundinti BR. A comprehensive molecular study identified 12 complementation groups with 56 novel FANC gene variants in Indian Fanconi anemia subjects. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1648-1665. [PMID: 34585473 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal or X-linked genetic disorder characterized by chromosomal breakages, congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure (BMF), and cancer. There has been a discovery of 22 FANC genes known to be involved in the FA pathway. This wide number of pathway components makes molecular diagnosis challenging for FA. We present here the most comprehensive molecular diagnosis of FA subjects from India. We observed a high frequency (4.42 ± 1.5 breaks/metaphase) of chromosomal breakages in 181 FA subjects. The major clinical abnormalities observed were skin pigmentation (70.2%), short stature (46.4%), and skeletal abnormalities (43.1%), along with a few minor clinical abnormalities. The combination of Sanger sequencing and Next Generation Sequencing could molecularly characterize 164 (90.6%) FA patients and identified 12 different complementation groups [FANCA (56.10%), FANCG (16.46%), FANCL (12.80%), FANCD2 (4.88%), FANCJ (2.44%), FANCE (1.22%), FANCF (1.22%), FANCI (1.22%), FANCN (1.22%), FANCC (1.22%), FANCD1 (0.61%) and FANCB (0.61%)]. A total of 56 novel variants were identified in our cohort, including a hotspot variant: a deletion of exon 27 in the FANCA gene and a nonsense variant at c.787 C>T in the FANCG gene. Our comprehensive molecular findings can aid in the stratification of molecular investigation in the diagnosis and management of FA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin George
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avani Solanki
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Niranjan Chavan
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Revathi Raj
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sheila Mohan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sandeep Nemani
- Department of Hematology, Usha Hematology Center, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailesh Kanvinde
- Department of Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deendayalan Munirathnam
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudha Rao
- Department of Paediatric Haemato-Oncology and Immunology, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nita Radhakrishnan
- Department of Paediatric Haematology Oncology, Super Specialty Pediatric Hospital & Post Graduate Teaching Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harsha Prasada Lashkari
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Mangalore, India
| | - Radha Gulati Ghildhiyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mamta Manglani
- Department of Hematology, Comprehensive Thalassemia Care Center and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Sunil Bhat
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Blood & Bone Marrow Transplantation, Narayana Health Network Hospitals, Bangalore, India
| | - Sowmyashree Ramesh
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanivilas Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anchu Cherian
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Pritesh Junagade
- Department of stem cell transplantation, Lotus Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Babu Rao Vundinti
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Burela N, Chilukuri S, Nangia S, Patro K, Mp N, Gaikwad U, Sundar S, Thimma R, Rajendran A, Sulaiman A, Sharma D, Panda P, Jalali R. PO-1419 Toxicity outcomes of hypofractionated pencil beam scanning proton beam therapy for spinal Chordomas. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gayathri B, Swetha Ramani CK, Urkavalan K, Pushparani A, Rajendran A. Comparison of the time taken for subarachnoid block using ultrasound-guided method versus landmark technique for cesarean section - A randomized controlled study. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2021; 37:205-209. [PMID: 34349367 PMCID: PMC8289655 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_35_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Spinal anesthesia is the regional technique preferred for cesarean section and is usually administered using the traditional landmark technique. Ultrasonography of the spine appears to be helpful in locating the puncture site and increasing the success rate. The primary objective of this study was to assess the use of ultrasonogram in locating the lumbar interspinous space for spinal anesthesia in laboring parturients brought for elective cesarean section. Material and Methods: Sixty parturients scheduled to undergo elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were included in this prospective randomized controlled trial, after obtaining the institutional ethical clearance. In Group I, 30 patients received spinal anesthesia by landmark technique and in Group II, 30 patients underwent ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) for Microsoft windows. Results: The time taken for spinal in Group I was longer than in Group II (62 ± 18s; 41 ± 11s; P = 0.0001). The number of attempts of needle insertion was significantly less in Group II (group I 1.86 ± 1.04: group II 1.06 ± 0.25). However, the total preparation time (28 8.30 ± 92 vs 804.73 ± 77; P = 0.0001) was more in the ultrasound-guided than in the landmark group. The patients had better satisfaction in group II. Conclusion: Preprocedural ultrasound is a useful tool for successful lumbar puncture in parturients as it minimizes the number of attempts of needle insertion and provides better patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gayathri
- Department of Anaesthesiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C K Swetha Ramani
- Department of Anaesthesiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthika Urkavalan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Pushparani
- Department of Anaesthesiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Rajendran
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Government Dharmapuri Medical College Hospital, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rahiman EA, Rajendran A, Sankhyan N, Singh P, Muralidharan J, Bansal D, Trehan A. Acute neurological complications during acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy: A single-center experience over 10 years. Indian J Cancer 2021; 58:545-552. [PMID: 34380827 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_422_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute neurological complications occur in 3.6-11% of children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This analysis aimed to evaluate the profile of acute neuro-toxicity and its etiology in children with ALL. Methods A retrospective case analysis of central nervous system events in children treated for ALL at our center was performed. Details of events were retrieved from the case records (January 2006-December 2015) and analyzed. Results Ninety (9.5%) neurological events occurred in 923 patients treated for ALL. Phase of therapy were: induction (38), consolidation (5), interim maintenance (5), intensification (15) and maintenance (27). Seizures and neurological deficits were the presenting features in 64 and 40 children, respectively. Events included : neuro-infections in 18, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in 7, epilepsy in 6, intracranial bleed in 5, systemic infection with neurological complication in 4, hydrocephalus and aseptic meningitis in 3 each, methotrexate encephalopathy and metabolic seizures in 2 children each. Seizures and status epilepticus of unknown etiology and neurological deficits of unknown etiology was observed in 26 and 13 children, respectively. Seizures occurred mainly in induction (12) and intensification phase (9). Status epilepticus transpired in maintenance phase in 9/14 patients. Induction phase was complicated by PRES in 7, intracranial bleed in 5 and cerebral sinus venous thrombosis in 1 patient. Neuroimaging was done in 86% of events. There were 18 (20.6%) deaths: neuro-infections (8), status epilepticus (6), systemic infection (2), bleed (1), and unexplained encephalopathy (demyelination)(1). At last follow-up, 53 patients were well and 7 children persist to have a neurological disability. Conclusion Ten percent of children on treatment for ALL suffered an acute neuro-toxicity. Morbidity and high-incidence of neuroinfections are major concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine A Rahiman
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naveen Sankhyan
- Pediatric Neurology unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Chandigarh, India
| | - Paramjeet Singh
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jayashree Muralidharan
- Pediatric Critical Care unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Bansal
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amita Trehan
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Chandigarh, India
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George M, Solanki A, Mohanty P, Dhangar S, Rajendran A, Mohan S, Vundinti BR. Nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) gene polymorphism c.1832C>T (Ser608Leu) associated with nitrosative stress in Fanconi anaemia. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2519-2525. [PMID: 33778919 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) occurs due to genomic instability with predisposition to bone marrow failure, phenotypic abnormalities and cancers. Though mutations in 22 genes leading to DNA repair defect have been identified, the cellular factor such as oxidative stress has also shown to be associated with FA. Nitrosative Stress (NS) is biochemically correlated to many oxidative stress related disorders and the NS as a pathological hallmark in FA has been so far overlooked. We carried out the study first time in Indian patients with FA with an objective to understand the role of NS in the pathogenesis of FA. The study was carried out in 70 FA subjects. The FA subjects were diagnosed by chromosomal breakage analysis. Molecular study was carried out by Next Generation Sequencing and Sanger sequencing. The 3-nitrotyrosine [3-NT] levels were estimated through enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) and the nitric oxide synthase genes- NOS1 (c.-420-34221G>A (rs1879417), c.-420-10205C>T (rs499776), c.4286+720G>C (rs81631)) and NOS2 (c.1823C>T (p. Ser608Leu) (rs2297518)) polymorphism were studied by direct sequencing. Chromosomal breakage analysis revealed a high frequency of chromosomal breaks (Mean chromosomal breakage-4.13 ± 1.5 breaks/metaphase) in 70 FA patients as compared to the control. Molecular studies revealed FANCA (58.34%), FANCG (18.34%) and FANCL (16.6%) complementation groups. The 3-nitrotyrosine [3-NT] levels showed to be significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in FA subjects when compared to the age match controls. Genotyping of the NOS2 gene c.1823C>T (p. Ser608Leu) (rs2297518), showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) association with FA. Elevated level of 3-NT is one of the cause of NS and NOS2 gene polymorphism associated with FA is an important target in the treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin George
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K. E. M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avani Solanki
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K. E. M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Purvi Mohanty
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K. E. M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Somprakash Dhangar
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K. E. M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, India
| | - Sheila Mohan
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Babu Rao Vundinti
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K. E. M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India.
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Radhakrishnan V, Ovett J, Rajendran A, Kolluru S, Pai V, Gnanaguru V, Dhanushkodi M, Kalaiyarasi JP, Mehra N, Selvarajan G, Rajan AK, Karunakaran P, Kesana S, Sagar T. COVID19 in children with cancer in low- and middle-income countries: Experience from a cancer center in Chennai, India. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 38:161-167. [PMID: 33150828 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2020.1831113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Crowded outpatient clinics and common wards in many hospitals in low and middle-income countries predispose children, caregivers, and health care workers to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We report on the clinical features and outcomes of 15 children with cancer at our center who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Five out of 15 patients were symptomatic, and one patient required intensive care and respiratory support. All the patients in the study have recovered from the SARS-CoV-2 infection without any sequelae and have resumed their cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatraman Radhakrishnan
- Department of Medical Oncology (Pediatric Oncology Division), Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Jerin Ovett
- Department of Medical Oncology (Pediatric Oncology Division), Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Child Health, Chennai, India
| | - Saikrishna Kolluru
- Department of Medical Oncology (Pediatric Oncology Division), Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Vishwajeeth Pai
- Department of Medical Oncology (Pediatric Oncology Division), Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Vijay Gnanaguru
- Department of Medical Oncology (Pediatric Oncology Division), Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Manikandan Dhanushkodi
- Department of Medical Oncology (Pediatric Oncology Division), Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | | | - Nikita Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology (Pediatric Oncology Division), Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Gangothri Selvarajan
- Department of Medical Oncology (Pediatric Oncology Division), Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Arun Kumar Rajan
- Department of Medical Oncology (Pediatric Oncology Division), Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Parathan Karunakaran
- Department of Medical Oncology (Pediatric Oncology Division), Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Sivasree Kesana
- Department of Medical Oncology (Pediatric Oncology Division), Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Tenali Sagar
- Department of Medical Oncology (Pediatric Oncology Division), Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
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Vignesh P, Rawat A, Kumrah R, Singh A, Gummadi A, Sharma M, Kaur A, Nameirakpam J, Jindal A, Suri D, Gupta A, Khadwal A, Saikia B, Minz RW, Sharma K, Desai M, Taur P, Gowri V, Pandrowala A, Dalvi A, Jodhawat N, Kambli P, Madkaikar MR, Bhattad S, Ramprakash S, Cp R, Jayaram A, Sivasankaran M, Munirathnam D, Balaji S, Rajendran A, Aggarwal A, Singh K, Na F, George B, Mehta A, Lashkari HP, Uppuluri R, Raj R, Bartakke S, Gupta K, Sreedharanunni S, Ogura Y, Kato T, Imai K, Chan KW, Leung D, Ohara O, Nonoyama S, Hershfield M, Lau YL, Singh S. Clinical, Immunological, and Molecular Features of Severe Combined Immune Deficiency: A Multi-Institutional Experience From India. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619146. [PMID: 33628209 PMCID: PMC7897653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) is an inherited defect in lymphocyte development and function that results in life-threatening opportunistic infections in early infancy. Data on SCID from developing countries are scarce. Objective To describe clinical and laboratory features of SCID diagnosed at immunology centers across India. Methods A detailed case proforma in an Excel format was prepared by one of the authors (PV) and was sent to centers in India that care for patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases. We collated clinical, laboratory, and molecular details of patients with clinical profile suggestive of SCID and their outcomes. Twelve (12) centers provided necessary details which were then compiled and analyzed. Diagnosis of SCID/combined immune deficiency (CID) was based on 2018 European Society for Immunodeficiencies working definition for SCID. Results We obtained data on 277 children; 254 were categorized as SCID and 23 as CID. Male-female ratio was 196:81. Median (inter-quartile range) age of onset of clinical symptoms and diagnosis was 2.5 months (1, 5) and 5 months (3.5, 8), respectively. Molecular diagnosis was obtained in 162 patients - IL2RG (36), RAG1 (26), ADA (19), RAG2 (17), JAK3 (15), DCLRE1C (13), IL7RA (9), PNP (3), RFXAP (3), CIITA (2), RFXANK (2), NHEJ1 (2), CD3E (2), CD3D (2), RFX5 (2), ZAP70 (2), STK4 (1), CORO1A (1), STIM1 (1), PRKDC (1), AK2 (1), DOCK2 (1), and SP100 (1). Only 23 children (8.3%) received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Of these, 11 are doing well post-HSCT. Mortality was recorded in 210 children (75.8%). Conclusion We document an exponential rise in number of cases diagnosed to have SCID over the last 10 years, probably as a result of increasing awareness and improvement in diagnostic facilities at various centers in India. We suspect that these numbers are just the tip of the iceberg. Majority of patients with SCID in India are probably not being recognized and diagnosed at present. Newborn screening for SCID is the need of the hour. Easy access to pediatric HSCT services would ensure that these patients are offered HSCT at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandiarajan Vignesh
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Rawat
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajni Kumrah
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anjani Gummadi
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhubala Sharma
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anit Kaur
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Johnson Nameirakpam
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankur Jindal
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepti Suri
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anju Gupta
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Khadwal
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Biman Saikia
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjana Walker Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kaushal Sharma
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mukesh Desai
- Department of Immunology, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasad Taur
- Department of Immunology, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | - Vijaya Gowri
- Department of Immunology, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | - Ambreen Pandrowala
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | - Aparna Dalvi
- ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, Mumbai, India
| | - Neha Jodhawat
- ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Sagar Bhattad
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Aster CMI hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Stalin Ramprakash
- Pediatric Hemat-oncology and BMT Unit, Aster CMI Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Raghuram Cp
- Pediatric Hemat-oncology and BMT Unit, Aster CMI Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | | | | | | | - Sarath Balaji
- Institute of Child Health, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Institute of Child Health, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Komal Singh
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Fouzia Na
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kirti Gupta
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sreejesh Sreedharanunni
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yumi Ogura
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tamaki Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Imai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Community Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koon Wing Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Shigeaki Nonoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yu-Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Surjit Singh
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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12
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Shah A, George M, Dhangar S, Rajendran A, Mohan S, Vundinti BR. Severe telomere shortening in Fanconi anemia complementation group L. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:585-593. [PMID: 33394227 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease with the incidence of 1 in 360,000 and is characterised by bone marrow failure, physical abnormalities, pancytopenia, and high frequency of chromosomal breakage and increased risk of evolving into malignancy. Telomere plays an important role in genomic stability, ageing process and cancers. Telomere shortening has been reported in FA. We studied telomere length in FA subjects and compared with complementation groups. Chromosomal breakage analysis from PHA stimulated, MMC induced peripheral blood culture was carried out in 37 clinically diagnosed FA. Molecular study of FANCA, G, and L was done through Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing. Telomere length was estimated using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Student t-test was applied to test the significance. A high frequency of chromosomal breakage was observed in all the patients compared to healthy controls. We found significantly shorter telomere length in all the three complementation groups compare to age matched healthy controls. Among all complementation groups, FANCL showed severe telomere shortening (P value 0.0001). A negative correlation was observed between telomere length and chromosomal breakage frequency (R = -0.3116). Telomere shortening is not uncommon in FA subjects. However the telomere length shortening is different in complementation groups as FANCL showed severe telomere shortening in FA subjects. Though BM transplantation is essential for the management of the FA subjects, the telomere length can be considered as biological marker to understand the prognosis of the disease as FA subjects primarily treated with androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Shah
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, 13th floor, New Multistoried Building, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Merin George
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, 13th floor, New Multistoried Building, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Somprakash Dhangar
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, 13th floor, New Multistoried Building, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Egmore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheila Mohan
- Pediatric Haematology Department, Apollo Children's Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Babu Rao Vundinti
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, 13th floor, New Multistoried Building, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India.
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13
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Dongerdiye R, Jagadeesh S, Suresh B, Rajendran A, Devendra R, Warang P, Kedar PS. Novel pathogenic variant c.2714C>A (p. Thr905Lys) in the HK1 gene causing severe haemolytic anaemia with developmental delay in an Indian family. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:620-624. [PMID: 33361148 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1, Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP): D-hexose-6-phosphotransferase) is a crucial regulatory enzyme of the glycolytic pathway (Embden-Meyerhof pathway). Hexokinase deficiency is associated with chronic non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia (HA) with some exceptional cases showing psychomotor/mental retardation and fetus death. The proband is a four-and-half-year-old female child born of a four-degree consanguineous marriage hailing from South India with autosomal recessive congenital HA associated with developmental delay. She was well till 3 months of her age post an episode of diarrhoea when she was noted to be severely anaemic and requiring regular transfusions. The common causes of HA, haemoglobinopathies, red cell membranopathies and common red cell enzymopathies (G6PD, GPI, PK and P5N) were ruled out. Targeted analysis of whole exome sequencing (WES) using an insilico gene panel for hereditary anaemia was performed to identify pathogenic variants in the patient. Next-generation sequencing revealed a novel homozygous variant in hexokinase gene c.2714C>A (p. Thr905Lys) in exon-18. The pathogenic nature of the variant p. Thr905Lys in the HK1 gene was confirmed collectively by biochemical and molecular studies. Insilico analysis (PolyPhen-2, Provean, Mutation Taster) predicted the variant to be severe disease causing. Multiple sequence alignment demonstrated the conservation of p. Thr905 across the species. The impact of the mutation on the protein structure was studied by PyMOL and Swiss Protein databank viewer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Dongerdiye
- Hematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujatha Jagadeesh
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genetic Counseling Department, MediScan Systems, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Beena Suresh
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genetic Counseling Department, MediScan Systems, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rati Devendra
- Hematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Warang
- Hematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prabhakar S Kedar
- Hematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Rajendran A, Pannick S, Thomas-Gibson S, Oke S, Anele C, Sevdalis N, Haycock A. Systematic literature review of learning curves for colorectal polyp resection techniques in lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:1085-1100. [PMID: 31925890 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The performance of therapeutic procedures in lower gastrointestinal endoscopy (LGI) can be challenging and carries an increased risk of adverse events. There is increasing demand for the training of endoscopists in these procedures, but limited guidelines exist concerning procedural competency. The aim of this study was to assess the learning curves for LGI polypectomy, colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHOD A systematic review of electronic databases between 1946 and September 2019 was performed. Citations were included if they reported learning curve data. Outcome measures that defined the success of procedural competency were also recorded. RESULTS A total of 34 out of 598 studies met the inclusion criteria of which 28 were related to ESD, three to polypectomy and three to EMR. Outcome measures for polypectomy competency (en bloc resection, delayed bleeding and independent polypectomy rate) were achieved after completion of between 250 and 400 polypectomies and after 300 colonoscopies. EMR outcome measures, including complete resection and recurrence, were achieved variably between 50 and 300 procedures. Outcome measures for ESD included efficiency (resection rates and procedural speed) and safety (adverse events). En bloc resection rates of over 80% and R0 resection rates of over 70% were achieved at 20-40 cases and procedural speed increased after 30 ESD cases. Competency in safety metrics was variably achieved at 20-200 cases. CONCLUSION There is a paucity of data on learning curves in LGI polypectomy, EMR and ESD. Despite limited evidence, we have identified relevant outcome measures and threshold numbers for the most common LGI polyp resection techniques for potential inclusion in training programmes/credentialing guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajendran
- The Wolfson Unit for Endoscopy, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Centre for Implementation Science, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK.,Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Uxbridge, UK
| | - S Pannick
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - S Thomas-Gibson
- The Wolfson Unit for Endoscopy, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - S Oke
- Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Uxbridge, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - C Anele
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - N Sevdalis
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Haycock
- The Wolfson Unit for Endoscopy, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
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15
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Solanki A, Rajendran A, Mohan S, Raj R, Vundinti BR. Mitochondrial DNA variations and mitochondrial dysfunction in Fanconi anemia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227603. [PMID: 31940411 PMCID: PMC6961948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In-vitro studies with different Fanconi anemia (FA) cell lines and FANC gene silenced cell lines indicating involvement of mitochondria function in pathogenesis of FA have been reported. However, in-vivo studies have not been studied so far to understand the role of mitochondrial markers in pathogenesis of FA. We have carried out a systematic set of biomarker studies for elucidating involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in disease pathogenesis for Indian FA patients. We report changes in the mtDNA number in 59% of FA patients studied, a high frequency of mtDNA variations (37.5% of non-synonymous variations and 62.5% synonymous variations) and downregulation of mtDNA complex-I and complex-III encoding genes of OXPHOS (p<0.05) as strong biomarkers for impairment of mitochondrial functions in FA. Deregulation of expression of mitophagy genes (ATG; p>0.05, Beclin-1; p>0.05, and MAP1-LC3, p<0.05) has also been observed, suggesting inability of FA cells to clear off impaired mitochondria. We hypothesize that accumulation of such impaired mitochondria in FA cells therefore may be the principal cause for bone marrow failure (BMF) and a plausible effect of inefficient clearance of impaired mitochondria in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani Solanki
- Department of Cytogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Egmore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheila Mohan
- Pediatric Haematology Department, Apollo Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Revathy Raj
- Pediatric Haematology Department, Apollo Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Babu Rao Vundinti
- Department of Cytogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
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16
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Donovan FX, Solanki A, Mori M, Chavan N, George M, Selvaa KC, Okuno Y, Muramastsu H, Yoshida K, Shimamoto A, Takaori-Kondo A, Yabe H, Ogawa S, Kojima S, Yabe M, Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa R, Smogorzewska A, Mohan S, Rajendran A, Auerbach AD, Takata M, Chandrasekharappa SC, Vundinti BR. A founder variant in the South Asian population leads to a high prevalence of FANCL Fanconi anemia cases in India. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:122-128. [PMID: 31513304 PMCID: PMC7362330 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, predisposition to cancer, and congenital abnormalities. FA is caused by pathogenic variants in any of 22 genes involved in the DNA repair pathway responsible for removing interstrand crosslinks. FANCL, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is an integral component of the pathway, but patients affected by disease-causing FANCL variants are rare, with only nine cases reported worldwide. We report here a FANCL founder variant, anticipated to be synonymous, c.1092G>A;p.K364=, but demonstrated to induce aberrant splicing, c.1021_1092del;p.W341_K364del, that accounts for the onset of FA in 13 cases from South Asia, 12 from India and one from Pakistan. We comprehensively illustrate the pathogenic nature of the variant, provide evidence for a founder effect, and propose including this variant in genetic screening of suspected FA patients in India and Pakistan, as well as those with ancestry from these regions of South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank X. Donovan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Avani Solanki
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13 Floor, New Multistoreyed Building, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai – 400 012. Maharashtra, India
| | - Minako Mori
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Centre, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Niranjan Chavan
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13 Floor, New Multistoreyed Building, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai – 400 012. Maharashtra, India
| | - Merin George
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13 Floor, New Multistoreyed Building, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai – 400 012. Maharashtra, India
| | - Kumar C Selvaa
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Level 6, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, Plot No. 50, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400 614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramastsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Shimamoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo Onoda, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yabe
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miharu Yabe
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ramanagouda Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Agata Smogorzewska
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for children, Chennai, India
| | - Arleen D Auerbach
- Human Genetics and Hematology Program, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Centre, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Settara C. Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Babu Rao Vundinti
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13 Floor, New Multistoreyed Building, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai – 400 012. Maharashtra, India
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17
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Satheesh D, Rajendran A, Chithra K, Saravanan R. Synthesis of some new protic N1-Benzyl/Butyl-2-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-3-ium salts with 3,5-Diaminobenzoate, 3,5-Dinitrobenzoate, (E)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate and 2-Carboxy-5-nitrobenzoate as organic anions. Results in Chemistry 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2020.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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Krishnamurthy G, Menon A, Kannan K, Prakash S, Rajendran A, Philips D. Coronary artery disease and mesenteric artery stenosis - Two sides of the same coin? - Long term prospective analysis. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2019; 8:245-251. [PMID: 31890451 PMCID: PMC6929593 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2019.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) patients might have concomitant mesenteric artery stenosis (MAS). Identification of risk factors predicting mesenteric artery involvement might guide screening high risk individuals. A dilemma of intervention in radiologically severe MAS exists. This prospective study included CAD patients undergoing a coronary angiogram. A concomitant mesenteric angiogram was performed to diagnose MAS. Clinically relevant MAS (CR-MAS) was defined as i) presence of classical mesenteric angina with any degree of MAS or ii) severe stenosis (> 70%) involving two or more vessels. Risk factors for CR-MAS were studied and followed up prospectively. One hundred and three patients were included in the study. Left anterior descending artery was the most common involved coronary artery and was affected in 73% (n = 76). Mesenteric angiogram revealed 42.7% (n = 44) to have MAS. CR-MAS was present in 21 patients (20.4%). Involvement of celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery was 22, 39 and 15 respectively. Multivariate analysis showed mesenteric angina (p < 0.01), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.01) and peripheral artery disease (p < 0.01) to be independent predictors of CR-MAS. At a median follow-up of 36 months (range 29-48 months), there was no acute mesenteric ischemia. In patients with CR-MAS, 16 (76.2%) had symptomatic improvement and 5 (23.8%) had stable symptoms. Three patients underwent angioplasty of superior mesenteric artery for persistent symptoms. Chronic CAD patients had a high prevalence of MAS. Mesenteric angina, diabetes mellitus and peripheral artery disease are independent predictors of CR-MAS. Intervention for MAS should be dictated by symptoms and not radiological severity. Lifestyle modification and medication for atherosclerotic ischemic heart disease probably prevents acute mesenteric ischemia in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Krishnamurthy
- Department of General Surgery, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
- Address correspondence to:Dr. Gautham Krishnamurthy, Department of General Surgery, Stanley Medical College, No. 1, Old Jail Road, Old Washermanpet, Chennai 600001, India. E-mail:
| | - Aravind Menon
- Department of General Surgery, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Kumaresan Kannan
- Department of Cardiology, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Suhasini Prakash
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - A Rajendran
- Department of General Surgery, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Darwin Philips
- Department of General Surgery, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sahu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - A A Sherif
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - M P Syed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - A Rajendran
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - A K Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - R Davaro
- Department of Infectious diseases, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, USA
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20
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Mahajan A, Gupta H, Jain S, Dang N, Sehgal K, Verma N, Mudaliar S, Singh M, Singh A, Kakkar S, Garg K, Jain P, Radhakrishnan N, Chandra J, Digra S, Rajendran A, Bagai P. Improving Access to Minimal Residual Disease Assessment: Lessons Learnt! Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2019.08.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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21
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Anele CC, Adegbola SO, Askari A, Rajendran A, Clark SK, Latchford A, Faiz OD. Risk of metachronous colorectal cancer following colectomy in Lynch syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2017; 19:528-536. [PMID: 28407411 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Lynch syndrome (LS) accounts for 2-4% of all colorectal cancer (CRC) cases, and is associated with an increased risk of developing metachronous colorectal cancer (mCRC). The role of extended colectomy in LS CRC is controversial. There are limited studies comparing the risk of mCRC following segmental colectomy and extended colectomy. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the risk of developing mCRC following segmental and extended colectomy for LS CRC and endoscopic compliance. METHOD A systematic review of major databases was performed using predefined terms. All original articles published in English comparing the risk of mCRC in LS patients after segmental and extended colectomy from 1950 to January 2016 were included. RESULTS The search retrieved 324 studies. Six studies involving 871 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 705 (80.9%) underwent segmental colectomy and 166 (19.1%) extended colectomy. Average follow-up was 91.2 months. The mCRC rate was 22.8% and 6% in the segmental and extended colectomy groups, respectively. The segmental group were over four times more likely to develop mCRC (OR 4.02, 95% CI: 2.01-8.04, P < 0.0001). mCRC occurred in patients after segmental colectomy despite 1-2-yearly postoperative endoscopic surveillance. CONCLUSION This result suggests that extended colectomy reduces the risk of mCRC by over four-fold compared with segmental colectomy. mCRC occurred in the segmental group despite postoperative endoscopic surveillance. This needs to be borne in mind when deciding on the appropriate surgical management of LS patients with CRC. We recommend that extended colectomy should be considered for patients with confirmed LS CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Anele
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Middlesex, UK
| | - S O Adegbola
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Middlesex, UK
| | - A Askari
- Surgical Epidemiology Trials and Outcomes Centre, St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Middlesex, UK
| | - A Rajendran
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Middlesex, UK
| | - S K Clark
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Middlesex, UK
| | - A Latchford
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Middlesex, UK
| | - O D Faiz
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Middlesex, UK
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22
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Patel K, Rajendran A, Faiz O, Rutter MD, Rutter C, Jover R, Koutroubakis I, Januszewicz W, Ferlitsch M, Dekker E, MacIntosh D, Ng SC, Kitiyakara T, Pohl H, Thomas-Gibson S. An international survey of polypectomy training and assessment. Endosc Int Open 2017; 5:E190-E197. [PMID: 28299354 PMCID: PMC5348296 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-119949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Colonic polypectomy is acknowledged to be a technically challenging part of colonoscopy. Training in polypectomy is recognized to be often inconsistent. This study aimed to ascertain worldwide practice in polypectomy training. Patients and methods An electronic survey was distributed to endoscopic trainees and trainers in 19 countries asking about their experiences of receiving and delivering training. Participants were also asked about whether formal polypectomy training guidance existed in their country. Results Data were obtained from 610 colonoscopists. Of these responses, 348 (57.0 %) were from trainers and 262 (43.0 %) from trainees; 6.6 % of trainers assessed competency once per year or less often. Just over half (53.1 %) of trainees had ever had their polypectomy technique formally assessed by any trainer. Approximately half the trainees surveyed (51.1 %) stated that the principles of polypectomy had only ever been taught to them intermittently. Of those trainees with the most colonoscopy experience, who had performed over 500 procedures, 48.2 % had had training on removing large polyps of over 10 mm; 46.2 % (121 respondents) of trainees surveyed held no record of the polypectomies they had performed. Only four of the 19 countries surveyed had specific guidelines on polypectomy training. Conclusions A significant number of competent colonoscopists have never been taught how to perform polypectomy. Training guidelines worldwide generally give little direction as to how trainees should acquire polypectomy skills. The learning curve for polypectomy needs to be defined to provide reliable guidance on how to train colonoscopists in this skill.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Patel
- Wolfson Unit for Endoscopy, St Mark’s Hospital, London, UK,Imperial College, London, UK,Corresponding author Kinesh Patel St Mark’s Hospital – Wolfson Unit for EndoscopyWatford RoadLondon HA1 3UJUK+44-20-30041010
| | - A. Rajendran
- Wolfson Unit for Endoscopy, St Mark’s Hospital, London, UK,King’s College London, London, UK
| | - O. Faiz
- Wolfson Unit for Endoscopy, St Mark’s Hospital, London, UK,Imperial College, London, UK
| | - M. D. Rutter
- North Tees & Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees, UK,Durham University, Durham, Co. Durham, UK
| | - C. Rutter
- British Society of Gastroenterology, UK
| | - R. Jover
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - W. Januszewicz
- The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - E. Dekker
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - D. MacIntosh
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - S. C. Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - T. Kitiyakara
- Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - H. Pohl
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - S. Thomas-Gibson
- Wolfson Unit for Endoscopy, St Mark’s Hospital, London, UK,Imperial College, London, UK
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Latha SM, Scott JX, Kumar S, Kumar SM, Subramanian L, Rajendran A. Parent's Perspectives on the End-of-life Care of their Child with Cancer: Indian Perspective. Indian J Palliat Care 2016; 22:317-25. [PMID: 27559262 PMCID: PMC4973494 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1075.185047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Parents report that end-of-life decisions are the most difficult treatment-related decisions that they face during their child cancer experience. Research from the parent's perspective of the quality of end-of-life care of their cancer children is scarce, particularly in developing countries like India. Aims: This study aimed to identify the symptoms (medical/social/emotional) that most concerned parents at the end-of-life care of their cancer child and to identify the strategies parents found to be helpful during this period. Settings and Design: We wanted to conduct this to focus on the parents perspectives on their cancer child's end-of-life care and to address the issues that could contribute to the comfort of the families witnessing their child's suffering. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hemato Oncology Unit. Parents who lost their child to cancer, treated in our institution were interviewed with a validated prepared questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS statistical software package. Results: Toward death, dullness (30%), irritability (30%), and withdrawn from surroundings (10%) were the most common symptoms encountered. About 30% of the children had fear to be alone. About 50% of the children had the fear of death. Pain, fatigue, loss of appetite were the main distressful symptoms that these children suffered from parents’ perspective. Though the parents accepted that the child was treated for these symptoms, the symptom relief was seldom successful. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study was that at the end of their child's life, parents value obtaining adequate information and communication, being physically present with the child, preferred adequate pain management, social support, and empathic relationships by the health staff members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Magatha Latha
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Julius Xavier Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh M Kumar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lalitha Subramanian
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Karthikeyan Child Development Unit, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D plays an important role in regulating various homeostatic mechanisms and has yet untapped potential in cancer prevention and prognosis. Only a few studies have been done worldwide in relating the Vitamin D levels in pediatric cancer patients to the general population but none so far in an Indian setting to the best of our knowledge. OBJECTIVE To compare the Vitamin D levels in a group of children with cancer to that of the general pediatric population and to note differences in the prevalence of Vitamin D insufficiency and make inferences arising from demographic and therapeutic variations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vitamin D levels were found by immuno-chemilumino-metric assay in 102 children (51 cases and 51 controls) over a 6 months period. RESULTS In comparing the Vitamin D levels of children with cancer and controls from a healthy population we found an increased incidence of Vitamin D insufficiency in cancer children (80.39%) when compared to controls (50.98%) and a much lower mean Vitamin D value in cancer children (22.8 ng/ml) when compared to controls (33 ng/dl). It was also found that cancer children above 6 years had a greater chance for developing Vitamin D insufficiency (P = 0.038) as did children suffering from hematological malignancies (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION Our study showed an increased prevalence of Vitamin D insufficiency in children with cancer and hence we suggest routine measurement of Vitamin D levels in children with cancer and subsequent supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Mohan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gem Mohan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Julius Xavier Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatraman Paramasivam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manipriya Ravindran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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Chandrashekara S, Rajendran A, Bai Jaganath A, Krishnamurthy R. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, pain perception, and disease activity score may serve as important predictive markers for sustained remission in rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatismo 2015; 67:109-15. [PMID: 26876190 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2015.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of new treatment strategies based on current recommendations has enabled a greater number of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to achieve remission. However, there are no definite predictors of sustained remission. Moreover, the absence of clear consensus on the time of withdrawal or reduction of treatment further adds to the treatment burden. This pilot study was intended to evaluate the prognostic potential of various RA-related parameters. All the enrolled subjects (n=124) were clinically evaluated on the basis of various parameters including age, gender, duration of illness before the initiation of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, tender and swollen joints (28 joints), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin percentage, lymphocyte count, total white-blood cell counts, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Student's t-test and discriminant function analysis were performed. The specificity of all parameters and their best possible cut-off to predict relapse were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A significant difference in terms of pain perception, NLR, tendency to have a significant tender joint count and absolute lymphocyte counts was identified between the patients in sustained remission and those in relapse. The ROC analysis indicated that NLR was consistent in predicting remission. CRP, ESR, and/or disease activity score may not be very effective in differentiating patients with sustainable remission/low disease activity. NLR along with patient's perception of pain may assist in predicting sustained remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chandrashekara
- ChanRe Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Basaweswaranagar, Bangalore.
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26
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Rajendran A, Mansiya C. Physico-chemical analysis of ground water samples of coastal areas of south Chennai in the post-Tsunami scenario. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 121:218-222. [PMID: 25863773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of changes in ground water quality on the east coast of chennai due to the December 26, 2004 tsunami and other subsequent disturbances is a matter of great concern. The post-Tsunami has caused considerable plant, animal, material and ecological changes in the entire stretch of chennai coastal area. Being very close to sea and frequently subjected to coastal erosion, water quality has been a concern in this coastal strip, and especially after the recent tsunami this strip seems to be more vulnerable. In the present investigation, ten ground water samples were collected from various parts of south chennai coastal area. Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Dissolved oxygen (DO), total solids; turbidity and fecal coliform were analyzed. The overall Water quality index (WQI) values for all the samples were found to be in the range of 68.81-74.38 which reveals a fact that the quality of all the samples is only medium to good and could be used for drinking and other domestic uses only after proper treatment. The long term adverse impacts of tsunami on ground water quality of coastal areas and the relationships that exist and among various parameters are carefully analyzed. Local residents and corporation authorities have been made aware of the quality of their drinking water and the methods to conserve the water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, Sir Theagaraya College, Chennai 21, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - C Mansiya
- Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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27
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Rajendran R, Suman FR, Rajendran A, Scott JX. Co-Incidence or Co-Existence? Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in HbE-alpha Thalassaemia: A Case Report with Review of Literature. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:XD01-XD02. [PMID: 26672845 PMCID: PMC4668511 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/14711.6796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Haemoglobin E (HbE) is a Haemoglobin variant that commonly occurs in many places in Asia. As β thalassaemia and α thalassaemia also occur in the same regions, the co-inheritance of these conditions leads to various phenotypic forms. HbE α thalassaemia is less common and of a milder phenotype than HbE β thalassaemia. Though malignancies are one of the complications in thalassaemia, occurrence of leukaemia is a rare event. Here we present a case of a two-year-old male child co-presenting with pre B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with MLL rearrangement and HbE alpha thalassaemia. The child is on remission 12 months post-therapy with standard ALL high risk protocol with no minimal residual disease (MRD). Haematological and oncological conditions coexisting at presentation is a challenge to therapy. This case is described for its rarity. Informed consent has been obtained from the parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rithika Rajendran
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Febe Renjitha Suman
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Julius Xavier Scott
- Professor, Department of Paediatric Hematology Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, India
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Karmegaraj B, Latha M S, Manipriya R, Vijayakumar S, Rajendran A, Maljetty V, Samikannu R, Scott JX. Periorbital chloroma mimicking raccoon eyes in a child with acute myeloid leukaemia. Arch Dis Child 2014; 99:1025. [PMID: 24861047 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-306149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaganesh Karmegaraj
- Division of Pediatrics, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sneha Latha M
- Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravindran Manipriya
- Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowmya Vijayakumar
- Division of Pediatrics, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatadesikalu Maljetty
- Division of Pediatrics, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Samikannu
- Division of Pediatrics, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Julius Xavier Scott
- Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bansal D, Rajendran A, Singhi S. Newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia: update on diagnosis and management. Indian J Pediatr 2014; 81:1033-41. [PMID: 24091868 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-013-1217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) continues to intrigue pediatricians and hematologists alike. Patients can have a dramatic presentation with wide-spread bleeds over a few days. There is an aura and fear of intra-cranial hemorrhage that drives the physician to recommend and the patient's family to accept drug treatment. Difference of opinion among physicians in the recommendations for treatment is not uncommon, even though recent evidence-based guidelines recommend a conservative, observation-based approach for the majority of patients with newly diagnosed childhood ITP. It is important to note that a specific 'platelet cut-off count', is no longer suggested as an indication by itself to recommend drug therapy. The manuscript is an update on newly diagnosed ITP in children. Recent changes in definitions and recommendations for treatment are highlighted. Pros and cons of 1st line drugs, including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and anti-D are listed. Adjunctive therapies for the management of epistaxis and menorrhagia are described. Role of splenic artery embolization and emergency splenectomy in the backdrop of severe thrombocytopenia is discussed. Realistic case scenarios, common errors and frequently asked questions are included for a practical and easy reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Bansal
- Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Jamaludeen A, Neelamegam P, Rajendran A. Determination of calcium in wine using reconfigurable PSoC based spectrophotometer. J Anal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481403006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Latha MS, Rajendran A, Pasupathy U, Scott JX. Acute transient parotitis in a child with primitive neuroectodermal tumor after a standard dose etoposide. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2014; 35:124. [PMID: 25006307 PMCID: PMC4080655 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.133744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Magatha Sneha Latha
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umapathy Pasupathy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Julius Xavier Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rajendran A, Bansal D, Singhi SC. Tumor lysis syndrome: authors' reply. Indian J Pediatr 2013; 80:979. [PMID: 23696152 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-013-1058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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Rajendran A, Dhanasekaran R. Enhanced Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm for Normal and Pathological Brain Tissue Segmentation on Magnetic Resonance Brain Image. Arab J Sci Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-013-0559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thomas B, Rajendran A, Kabeer KAA, Sivalingam R. Chasmophytic grasses of Velliangiri Hills in the southern Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. J Threat Taxa 2012. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.o3107.3462-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Kumar KP, Sreeraj V, Thomas B, Manudev K, Rajendran A. Validation and documentation of rare endemic and threatened (RET) plants from Nilgiri, Kanuvai and Madukkarai forests of southern Western Ghats, India. J Threat Taxa 2012. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.o3145.3436-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Rajendran A, Karthikeyan C. The Inhibitive Effect of Extract of Flowers of Cassia Auriculata in 2 M HCl on the Corrosion of Aluminium and Mild Steel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5923/j.plant.20120201.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Rajendran A, Trehan A, Ahluwalia J, Marwaha RK. Severe systemic infection masking underlying childhood leukemia. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2012; 29:167-70. [PMID: 24426366 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-012-0166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe childhood infections can occasionally be accompanied by bone marrow suppression. It is unusual for infection induced marrow aplasia to evolve into acute leukemia. We share our experience in managing four children with severe sepsis and pancytopenia which in due course evolved into acute leukemia. This report emphasizes that sepsis related pancytopenia can be a harbinger of evolving hematopoietic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Rajendran
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Amita Trehan
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Jasmina Ahluwalia
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ram Kumar Marwaha
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
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Abstract
Delusional parasitosis is an uncommon psychotic illness. Patients often report to dermatologists and physicians for treatment and are brought to psychiatric attention only for associated psychological distress. One such case is discussed in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Prakash
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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40
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Parthipan M, Aravindhan V, Rajendran A. Medico-botanical study of Yercaud hills in the eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. Anc Sci Life 2011; 30:104-9. [PMID: 22557438 PMCID: PMC3336263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study reports medicinal plant survey was conceded in Yercaud hills ranges of Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. The study primarily based on field surveys conducted throughout the hills, where dwellers provided information on plant species used as medicine, plant parts used to prepare the remedies and ailments to which the remedies were prescribed. The study resulted about 48- plant species belonging to 45- genera and 29- families of medicinal plants related to folk medicine used by the local people. Among them the most common plants viz., Asparagus racemosus Willd., Cissus quadrangularis L., Gymnema sylvestre R. Br., Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br., Justisia adhatoda L., Ocimum sanctum L., Phyllanthes amarus Schum. & Thonn., Piper nigrum L., Solanum nigrum L., Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers, Tridax procumbens L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe which are used in their daily life to cure various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Parthipan
- Department of Botany, School of life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641046, India
| | - V Aravindhan
- Department of Botany, School of life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641046, India
| | - A Rajendran
- Department of Botany, School of life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641046, India,Corresponding author
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41
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Venu G, Rajendran A, Venkatachalaiah G, Gower DJ. The Karyology of Uraeotyphlus gansi, and Its Implications for the Systematics and Evolution of Uraeotyphlidae (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Cytogenet Genome Res 2010; 132:182-7. [PMID: 21088379 DOI: 10.1159/000321816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gross karyotype of the uraeotyphlid caecilian Uraeotyphlus gansi is described as comprising 2n = 42 and fundamental number = 58. These are the first karyotype data for any species of malabaricus-group Uraeotyphlus, and the diploid number is the same as those ichthyophiids thus far studied and differs from the oxyurus-group Uraeotyphlus (2n = 36). These data support the recognition of two species groups within Uraeotyphlus, the monophyly of the oxyurus group, and the understanding that the ancestral diatriatan was more ichthyophiid- than uraeotyphlid-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Venu
- Centre for Applied Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India
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42
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Kumarasamy P, Vignesh S, Arthur Jam R, Muthukumar K, Rajendran A. Enumeration and Identification of Pathogenic Pollution Indicators in Cauvery River, South India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2009.540.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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44
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Sivakumari V, Dhinakaran J, Rajendran A. Screening and productivity of penicillin antibiotic from Penicillium sp. J Environ Sci Eng 2009; 51:247-248. [PMID: 21117415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper highlights the antagonism effect of Penicillium isolates, which were screened against the test organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Penicillium sp. Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum isolates were used for penicillin biosynthesis. The antibacterial activities of fermented crude penicillin extract were assayed by disc diffusion method. Maximum antibacterial activity was observed in Gram positive organisms (Staphylococcus aureus) when compared with Gram negative organisms. The isolated Penicillium chrysogenum can be used for large-scale penicillin antibiotic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sivakumari
- Department of Environmental and Herbal Sciences, Thanjavur 613 010, Tamil Nadu, India.
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45
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Neelamegam P, Jamaludeen A, Rajendran A, Raghunathan R. Measurement of urinary calcium using AT89C51RD2 microcontroller. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:044704. [PMID: 19405683 DOI: 10.1063/1.3115211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A simple and inexpensive absorption technique for determination of calcium ion in urine samples is developed, comprising a light emitting diode (650 nm) as the light source and photodiode as the detector with AT89C51RD2 microcontroller. The design of the system and details of interface, calibration, and procedure of operation are explained in this paper. Software is developed to monitor sample processing and to display the results in liquid crystal display screen. With 15 microl sample volume, a linear output is obtained in the range of 2.5-7.5 mM calcium with a detection limit of 0.06 mM. Interferences from other cations such as monovalent ion and divalent ion are investigated in the expected range, which are normally present in clinical samples, and absorption changes over the pH range of 3-12 are also determined. This system has been demonstrated successfully for the successive assay of calcium in urine samples, with the results comparing well to those achieved and in good agreement with values obtained with the current clinical spectrophotometric method at 95% of confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Neelamegam
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 402, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rajendran A, Thangavelu V. Evaluation of Various Unstructured Kinetic Models for the Production of Protease byBacillus sphaericusMTTC511. Eng Life Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200700033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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48
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Shukla D, Chakraborty S, Rajendran A. Combined pharmacotherapy and thermotherapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy with anterior segment neovascularisation. Eye (Lond) 2008; 22:600-2. [PMID: 18219334 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6703106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Shukla D, Kolluru CM, Rajendran A, Deshpande N, Kim R. Evolution and management of diabetic tractional papillopathy: an optical coherence tomographic study. Eye (Lond) 2006; 21:569-71. [PMID: 17159975 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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50
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Arun S, Rajendran A, Subramanian P. Subcellular/tissue distribution and responses to oil exposure of the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase system and glutathione S-transferase in freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium malcolmsonii, M. lamarrei lamarrei). Ecotoxicology 2006; 15:341-6. [PMID: 16673162 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-006-0074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular fractions (mitochondrial, cytosolic and microsomal) prepared from the tissues (hepatopancreas, muscle and gill) of freshwater prawns Macrobrachium malcolmsonii and Macrobrachium lamarrei lamarrei were scrutinized to investigate the presence of mixed function oxygenase (MFO) and conjugating enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, GST). Cytochrome P450 (CYP) and other components (cytochrome b(5); NADPH-cytochrome c (CYP) reductase and NADH-cytochrome c-reductase activities) of the MFO system were predominantly present in the hepatic microsomal fraction of M. malcolmsonii and M. lamarrei lamarrei. The results are in agreement with the notion that monooxygenase system is mainly membrane bound in the endoplasmic reticulum, and that the hepatopancreas is the major metabolic tissue for production of biotransformation enzymes in crustaceans. Further, the prawns were exposed to two sublethal (0.9 ppt (parts per thousand) and 2.3 ppt) concentrations of oil effluent. At the end of 30th day, hydrocarbons and detoxifying enzymes were analysed in the hepatopancreas. The accumulations of hydrocarbon in the tissues gradually increased when exposed to sublethal concentrations of oil effluent and were associated with significantly enhanced levels of cytochrome P450 (180.6+/-6.34 pmol mg(-1) protein (P<0.05 versus control, 136.5+/-7.1 pmol mg(-1) protein) for 2.3 ppt and 305.6+/-8.5 pmol mg(-1) protein (P<0.001 versus control, 132.3+/-6.8 pmol mg(-1) protein] for 0.9 ppt of oil exposed M. malcolmsonii; 150+/-6.5 pmol mg(-1 )protein (P<0.01 versus control, 84.6+/-5.2 pmol mg(-1) protein) for 2.3 ppt and 175+/-5.5 pmol mg(-1) protein (P<0.01 versus control, 87.6+/-5.4 pmol mg(-1) protein) for 0.9 ppt of oil exposed M. lamarrei lamarrei), NADPH cytochrome c-reductase activity (14.7+/-0.6 nmol min(-1 )mg(-1) protein (P<0.05 versus control, 6.8+/-0.55 nmol min(-1 )mg(-1) protein) for 2.3 ppt and 12.1+/-0.45 nmol min(-1 )mg(-1) protein (P<0.01 versus control, 6.9+/-0.42 nmol min(-1 )mg(-1) protein) for 0.9 ppt of oil exposed M. malcolmsonii; 12.5+/-0.31 nmol min(-1 )mg(-1) protein (P<0.001 versus control, 4.6+/-0.45 nmol min(-1 )mg(-1) protein) for 2.3 ppt and 9.6+/-0.32 nmol min(-1 )mg(-1) protein (P<0.01 versus control, 4.9+/-0.41 nmol min(-1 )mg(-1) protein) for 0.9 ppt of oil exposed M. lamarrei lamarrei) and cytochrome b(5 )(124.8+/-3.73 pmol mg(-1) protein (P<0.01 versus control, 76.8+/-4.2 pmol mg(-1) protein) for 2.3 ppt and 115.3+/-3.86 pmol mg(-1) protein (P<0.01 versus control, 76.4+/-4.25 pmol mg(-1 )protein) for 0.9 ppt of oil exposed M. malcolmsonii and 110+/-3.11 pmol mg(-1) protein (P<0.01 versus control, 63.7+/-3.24 pmol mg(-1 )protein) for 2.3 ppt and 95.3+/-2.63 pmol mg(-1) protein (P<0.01 versus control, 61.4+/-2.82 pmol mg(-1) protein) for 0.9 ppt of oil exposed M. lamarrei lamarrei). The enhanced levels of biotransformation enzymes in oil-exposed prawns demonstrate a well-established detoxifying mechanism in crustaceans, and the response offers the possibility of use as a biomarker for the early detection of oil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arun
- Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 006, Tamil Nadu, India.
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