1
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Luo Z, Shehzad A. Advances in Naked Metal Clusters for Catalysis. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300715. [PMID: 38450926 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The properties of sub-nano metal clusters are governed by quantum confinement and their large surface-to-bulk ratios, atomically precise compositions and geometric/electronic structures. Advances in metal clusters lead to new opportunities in diverse aspects of sciences including chemo-sensing, bio-imaging, photochemistry, and catalysis. Naked metal clusters having synergic multiple active sites and coordinative unsaturation and tunable stability/activity enable researchers to design atomically precise metal catalysts with tailored catalysis for different reactions. Here we summarize the progress of ligand-free naked metal clusters for catalytic applications. It is anticipated that this review helps to better understand the chemistry of small metal clusters and facilitates the design and development of new catalysts for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Mass spectrometry in materials synthesis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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3
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Gu Y, Qiu Z, Müllen K. Nanographenes and Graphene Nanoribbons as Multitalents of Present and Future Materials Science. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11499-11524. [PMID: 35671225 PMCID: PMC9264366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As cut-outs from a graphene sheet, nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are ideal cases with which to connect the world of molecules with that of bulk carbon materials. While various top-down approaches have been developed to produce such nanostructures in high yields, in the present perspective, precision structural control is emphasized for the length, width, and edge structures of NGs and GNRs achieved by modern solution and on-surface syntheses. Their structural possibilities have been further extended from "flatland" to the three-dimensional world, where chirality and handedness are the jewels in the crown. In addition to properties exhibited at the molecular level, self-assembly and thin-film structures cannot be neglected, which emphasizes the importance of processing techniques. With the rich toolkit of chemistry in hand, NGs and GNRs can be endowed with versatile properties and functions ranging from stimulated emission to spintronics and from bioimaging to energy storage, thus demonstrating their multitalents in present and future materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Shenzhen
Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and
Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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4
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Jafari M, Dyrdał A. First Principle Study on Electronic and Transport Properties of Finite-Length Nanoribbons and Nanodiscs for Selected Two-Dimensional Materials. Molecules 2022; 27:2228. [PMID: 35408625 PMCID: PMC9000399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the density functional theory, we calculate electronic states of various nanoribbons and nanodiscs formed from selected two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, silicene, and hexagonal boron nitride. The main objective of the analysis is a search for zero-energy states in such systems, which is an important issue as their presence indicates certain topological properties associated with chirality. The analysis is also supported by calculating transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Dyrdał
- Department of Mesoscopic Physics, ISQI, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
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5
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Monolayer and Bilayer Formation of Molecular 2D Networks Assembled at the Liquid/Solid Interfaces by Solution-Based Drop-Cast Method. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247707. [PMID: 34946789 PMCID: PMC8706512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extending self-assembled structures from two-dimensions (2D) to three-dimensions (3D) has been a paradigm in surface supramolecular chemistry and contemporary nanotechnology. Using organic molecules of p-terphenyl-3,5,3′,5′-tetracarboxylic acid (TPTC), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we present a simple route, that is the control of the solute solubility in a sample solution, to achieve the vertical growth of supramolecular self-assemblies, which would otherwise form monolayers at the organic solvent/graphite interface. Presumably, the bilayer formations were based on π-conjugated overlapped molecular dimers that worked as nuclei to induce the yielding of the second layer. We also tested other molecules, including trimesic acid (TMA) and 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)-benzene (BTB), as well as the further application of our methodology, demonstrating the facile preparation of layered assemblies.
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Zhang Q, Wu TC, Kuang G, Xie A, Lin N. Investigation of edge states in artificial graphene nano-flakes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:225003. [PMID: 33607633 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abe819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nano-flakes (GNFs) are predicted to host spin-polarized metallic edge states, which are envisioned for exploration of spintronics at the nanometer scale. To date, experimental realization of GNFs is only in its infancy because of the limitation of precise cutting or synthesizing methods at the nanometer scale. Here, we use low temperature scanning tunneling microscope to manipulate coronene molecules on a Cu(111) surface to build artificial triangular and hexagonal GNFs with either zigzag or armchair type of edges. We observe that an electronic state at the Dirac point emerges only in the GNFs with zigzag edges and localizes at the outmost lattice sites. The experimental results agree well with the tight-binding calculations. Our work renders an experimental confirmation of the predicated edge states of the GNFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Tsz Chun Wu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowen Kuang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - A'yu Xie
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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7
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Yoo HJ, Kim DH, Shin D, Oh Y, Lee S, Lee JY, Choi YJ, Lee SH, Lee KS, Kim Y, Cho K. Recent developments in pre-treatment and analytical techniques for synthetic polymers by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5767-5800. [PMID: 33241791 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A great deal of effort has been expended to develop accurate means of determining the properties of synthetic polymers using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). Many studies have focused on the importance of sample pre-treatment to obtain accurate analysis results. This review discusses the history of synthetic polymer characterization and highlights several applications of MALDI-TOF MS that recognize the importance of pre-treatment technologies. The subject area is of significance in the field of analytical chemistry, especially for users of the MALDI technique. Since the 2000s, many such technologies have been developed that feature improved methods and conditions, including solvent-free systems. In addition, the recent diversification of matrix types and the development of carbon-based matrix materials are described herein together with the current status and future directions of MALDI-TOF MS hardware and software development. We provide a summary of processes used for obtaining the best analytical results with synthetic polymeric materials using MALDI-TOF MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Yoo
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162, Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, Korea.
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8
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Kumar A, Kumar D. Interaction of Nucleic Acid Bases (NABs) with Graphene (GR) and Boron Nitride Graphene (BNG). J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Rehman SRU, Augustine R, Zahid AA, Ahmed R, Tariq M, Hasan A. Reduced Graphene Oxide Incorporated GelMA Hydrogel Promotes Angiogenesis For Wound Healing Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9603-9617. [PMID: 31824154 PMCID: PMC6901121 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s218120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-healing or slow healing chronic wounds are among serious complications of diabetes that eventually result in amputation of limbs and increased morbidities and mortalities. Chronic diabetic wounds show reduced blood vessel formation (lack of angiogenesis), inadequate cell proliferation and poor cell migration near wounds. In this paper, we report the development of a hydrogel-based novel wound dressing material loaded with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to promote cell proliferation, cell migration and angiogenesis for wound healing applications. METHODS Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) based hydrogels loaded with different concentrations of rGO were fabricated by UV crosslinking. Morphological and physical characterizations (porosity, degradation, and swelling) of rGO incorporated GelMA hydrogel was performed. In vitro cell proliferation, cell viability and cell migration potential of the hydrogels were analyzed by MTT assay, live/dead staining, and wound healing scratch assay respectively. Finally, in vivo chicken embryo angiogenesis (CEO) testing was performed to evaluate the angiogenic potential of the prepared hydrogel. RESULTS The experimental results showed that the developed hydrogel possessed enough porosity and exudate-absorbing capacity. The biocompatibility of prepared hydrogel on three different cell lines (3T3 fibroblasts, EA.hy926 endothelial cells, and HaCaT keratinocytes) was confirmed by in vitro cell culture studies (live/dead assay). The GelMA hydrogel containing 0.002% w/w rGO considerably increased the proliferation and migration of cells as evident from MTT assay and wound healing scratch assay. Furthermore, rGO impregnated GelMA hydrogel significantly enhanced the angiogenesis in the chick embryo model. CONCLUSION The positive effect of 0.002% w/w rGO impregnated GelMA hydrogels on angiogenesis, cell migration and cell proliferation suggests that these formulations could be used as a functional wound healing material for the healing of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Raza ur Rehman
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
| | - Alap Ali Zahid
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
| | - Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha2713, Qatar
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10
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Laskin J, Johnson GE, Warneke J, Prabhakaran V. Von isolierten Ionen zu mehrschichtigen funktionellen Materialien durch sanfte Landung von Ionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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11
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Laskin J, Johnson GE, Warneke J, Prabhakaran V. From Isolated Ions to Multilayer Functional Materials Using Ion Soft Landing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16270-16284. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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12
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Warr DA, Perdigão LMA, Pinfold H, Blohm J, Stringer D, Leventis A, Bronstein H, Troisi A, Costantini G. Sequencing conjugated polymers by eye. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaas9543. [PMID: 29922716 PMCID: PMC6003723 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aas9543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The solid-state microstructure of a conjugated polymer is the most important parameter determining its properties and performance in (opto)-electronic devices. A huge amount of research has been dedicated to tuning and understanding how the sequence of monomers, the nature and frequency of defects, the exact backbone conformation, and the assembly and crystallinity of conjugated polymers affect their basic photophysics and charge transporting properties. However, because of the lack of reliable high-resolution analytical techniques, all the structure-property relations proposed in the literature are based either on molecular modeling or on indirect experimental data averaged on polydisperse samples. We show that a combination of electrospray vacuum deposition and high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy allows the imaging of individual conjugated polymers with unprecedented detail, thereby unraveling structural and self-assembly characteristics that have so far been impossible to determine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Warr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Harry Pinfold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jonathan Blohm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David Stringer
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
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13
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Kang B, Lee SK, Jung J, Joe M, Lee SB, Kim J, Lee C, Cho K. Nanopatched Graphene with Molecular Self-Assembly Toward Graphene-Organic Hybrid Soft Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706480. [PMID: 29709083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the mechanical durability of large-area polycrystalline single-atom-thick materials is a necessary step toward the development of practical and reliable soft electronics based on these materials. Here, it is shown that the surface assembly of organosilane by weak epitaxy forms nanometer-thick organic patches on a monolayer graphene surface and dramatically increases the material's resistance to harsh postprocessing environments, thereby increasing the number of ways in which graphene can be processed. The nanopatched graphene with the improved mechanical durability enables stable operation when used as transparent electrodes of wearable strain sensors. Also, the nanopatched graphene applied as an electrode modulates the molecular orientation of deposited organic semiconductor layers, and yields favorable nominal charge injection for organic transistors. These results demonstrate the potential for use of self-assembled organic nanopatches in graphene-based soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boseok Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Soft Electronics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Soft Electronics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jaehyuck Jung
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)and School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Minwoong Joe
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)and School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Seon Baek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Soft Electronics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jinsung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Soft Electronics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Changgu Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)and School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Soft Electronics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
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14
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Warneke J, McBriarty ME, Riechers SL, China S, Engelhard MH, Aprà E, Young RP, Washton NM, Jenne C, Johnson GE, Laskin J. Self-organizing layers from complex molecular anions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1889. [PMID: 29760476 PMCID: PMC5951818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of traditional ionic materials occurs principally via joint accumulation of both anions and cations. Herein, we describe a previously unreported phenomenon by which macroscopic liquid-like thin layers with tunable self-organization properties form through accumulation of stable complex ions of one polarity on surfaces. Using a series of highly stable molecular anions we demonstrate a strong influence of the internal charge distribution of the molecular ions, which is usually shielded by counterions, on the properties of the layers. Detailed characterization reveals that the intrinsically unstable layers of anions on surfaces are stabilized by simultaneous accumulation of neutral molecules from the background environment. Different phases, self-organization mechanisms and optical properties are observed depending on the molecular properties of the deposited anions, the underlying surface and the coadsorbed neutral molecules. This demonstrates rational control of the macroscopic properties (morphology and size of the formed structures) of the newly discovered anion-based layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Warneke
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Martin E McBriarty
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Shawn L Riechers
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Swarup China
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Edoardo Aprà
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Robert P Young
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Nancy M Washton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, Wuppertal, 42119, Germany
| | - Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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15
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Eberle A, Markert T, Trixler F. Revealing the Physicochemical Basis of Organic Solid–Solid Wetting Deposition: Casimir-like Forces, Hydrophobic Collapse, and the Role of the Zeta Potential. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1327-1336. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eberle
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstraße 41, 80333 München, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Markert
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Trixler
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstraße 41, 80333 München, Germany
- TUM
School of Education, Technical University of Munich and Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 München, Germany
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16
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Suzuki Y, Yamada K, Watanabe K, Kochi T, Ie Y, Aso Y, Kakiuchi F. Synthesis of Dibenzo[h,rst]pentaphenes and Dibenzo[fg,qr]pentacenes by the Chemoselective C-O Arylation of Dimethoxyanthraquinones. Org Lett 2017; 19:3791-3794. [PMID: 28703598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A convenient method for the syntheses of dibenzo[h,rst]pentaphenes and dibenzo[fg,qr]pentacenes via the ruthenium-catalyzed chemoselective C-O arylation of 1,4- and 1,5-dimethoxyanthraquinones is described. Dimethoxyanthraquinones reacted selectively with arylboronates at the ortho C-O bonds to give diarylation products. An efficient two-step procedure consisting of a Corey-Chaykofsky reaction and subsequent dehydrative aromatization afforded derivatives of dibenzo[h,rst]pentaphenes and dibenzo[fg,qr]pentacenes. Hole-transporting characteristics were observed for a device with a bottom-contact configuration that was fabricated from one of these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kentaro Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takuya Kochi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Science and Industrial Research (ISIR) Osaka University , 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.,JST , ACT-C, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Science and Industrial Research (ISIR) Osaka University , 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Kakiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.,JST , ACT-C, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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17
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Chowdhury S, Bandyopadhyay A, Dhar N, Jana D. Optical and magnetic properties of free-standing silicene, germanene and T-graphene system. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2016-5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe physics of two-dimensional (2D) materials is always intriguing in their own right. For all of these elemental 2D materials, a generic characteristic feature is that all the atoms of the materials are exposed on the surface, and thus tuning the structure and physical properties by surface treatments becomes very easy and straightforward. The discovery of graphene have fostered intensive research interest in the field of graphene like 2D materials such as silicene and germanene (hexagonal network of silicon and germanium, respectively). In contrast to the planar graphene lattice, the silicene and germanene honeycomb lattice is slightly buckled and composed of two vertically displaced sublattices.The magnetic properties were studied by introducing mono- and di-vacancy (DV), as well as by doping phosphorus and aluminium into the pristine silicene. It is observed that there is no magnetism in the mono-vacancy system, while there is large significant magnetic moment present for the DV system. The optical anisotropy of four differently shaped silicene nanodisks has revealed that diamond-shaped (DS) silicene nanodisk possesses highest static dielectric constant having no zero-energy states. The study of optical properties in silicene nanosheet network doped by aluminium (Al), phosphorus (P) and aluminium-phosphorus (Al-P) atoms has revealed that unlike graphene, no new electron energy loss spectra (EELS) peak occurs irrespective of doping type for parallel polarization. Tetragonal graphene (T-graphene) having non-equivalent (two kinds) bonds and non-honeycomb structure shows Dirac-like fermions and high Fermi velocity. The higher stability, large dipole moment along with high-intensity Raman active modes are observed in N-doped T-graphene. All these theoretical results may shed light on device fabrication in nano-optoelectronic technology and material characterization techniques in T-graphene, doped silicene, and germanene.
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Eberle A, Nosek A, Büttner J, Markert T, Trixler F. Growing low-dimensional supramolecular crystals directly from 3D particles. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02348g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chowdhury S, Jana D. A theoretical review on electronic, magnetic and optical properties of silicene. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:126501. [PMID: 27753431 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/12/126501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the success of graphene, various two dimensional (2D) structures in free standing (FS) (hypothetical) form and on different substrates have been proposed recently. Silicene, a silicon counterpart of graphene, is predicted to possess massless Dirac fermions and to exhibit an experimentally accessible quantum spin Hall effect. Since the effective spin-orbit interaction is quite significant compared to graphene, buckling in silicene opens a gap of 1.55 meV at the Dirac point. This band gap can be further tailored by applying in plane stress, an external electric field, chemical functionalization and defects. In this topical theoretical review, we would like to explore the electronic, magnetic and optical properties, including Raman spectroscopy of various important derivatives of monolayer and bilayer silicene (BLS) with different adatoms (doping). The magnetic properties can be tailored by chemical functionalization, such as hydrogenation and introducing vacancy into the pristine planar silicene. Apart from some universal features of optical absorption present in all these 2D materials, the study on reflectivity modulation with doping (Al and P) concentration in silicene has indicated the emergence of some strong peaks having the robust characteristic of a doped reflective surface for both polarizations of the electromagnetic (EM) field. Besides this, attempts will be made to understand the electronic properties of silicene from some simple tight-binding Hamiltonian. We also point out the importance of shape dependence and optical anisotropy properties in silicene nanodisks and establish that a zigzag trigonal possesses the maximum magnetic moment. We also suggest future directions to be explored to make the synthesis of silicene and its various derivatives viable for verification of theoretical predictions. Although this is a fairly new route, the results obtained so far from experimental and theoretical studies in understanding silicene have shown enough significant promising features to open a new direction in the silicon industry, silicon based nano-structures in spintronics and in opto-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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Rauschenbach S, Ternes M, Harnau L, Kern K. Mass Spectrometry as a Preparative Tool for the Surface Science of Large Molecules. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:473-98. [PMID: 27089378 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Measuring and understanding the complexity that arises when nanostructures interact with their environment are one of the major current challenges of nanoscale science and technology. High-resolution microscopy methods such as scanning probe microscopy have the capacity to investigate nanoscale systems with ultimate precision, for which, however, atomic scale precise preparation methods of surface science are a necessity. Preparative mass spectrometry (pMS), defined as the controlled deposition of m/z filtered ion beams, with soft ionization sources links the world of large, biological molecules and surface science, enabling atomic scale chemical control of molecular deposition in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). Here we explore the application of high-resolution scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy to the characterization of structure and properties of large molecules. We introduce the fundamental principles of the combined experiments electrospray ion beam deposition and scanning tunneling microscopy. Examples for the deposition and investigation of single particles, for layer and film growth, and for the investigation of electronic properties of individual nonvolatile molecules show that state-of-the-art pMS technology provides a platform analog to thermal evaporation in conventional molecular beam epitaxy. Additionally, it offers additional, unique features due to the use of charged polyatomic particles. This new field is an enormous sandbox for novel molecular materials research and demands the development of advanced molecular ion beam technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Ternes
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | | | - Klaus Kern
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Johnson GE, Laskin J. Understanding ligand effects in gold clusters using mass spectrometry. Analyst 2016; 141:3573-89. [PMID: 27221357 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00263c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent research on the influence of phosphine ligands on the size, stability, and reactivity of gold clusters synthesized in solution. Sub-nanometer clusters exhibit size- and composition-dependent properties that are unique from those of larger nanoparticles. The highly tunable properties of clusters and their high surface-to-volume ratio make them promising candidates for a variety of technological applications. However, because "each-atom-counts" toward defining cluster properties it is critically important to develop robust synthesis methods to efficiently prepare clusters of predetermined size. For decades phosphines have been known to direct the size-selected synthesis of gold clusters. Despite the preparation of numerous species it is still not understood how different functional groups at phosphine centers affect the size and properties of gold clusters. Using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) it is possible to characterize the effect of ligand substitution on the distribution of clusters formed in solution at defined reaction conditions. In addition, ligand exchange reactions on preformed clusters may be monitored using ESI-MS. Collision induced dissociation (CID) may also be employed to obtain qualitative insight into the fragmentation of mixed ligand clusters and the relative binding energies of differently substituted phosphines. Quantitative ligand binding energies and cluster stability may be determined employing surface induced dissociation (SID) in a custom-built Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS). Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) based modeling of the SID data allows dissociation energies and entropy values to be extracted. The charge reduction and reactivity of atomically precise gold clusters, including partially ligated species generated in the gas-phase by in source CID, on well-defined surfaces may be explored using ion soft landing (SL) in a custom-built instrument combined with in situ time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Jointly, this multipronged experimental approach allows characterization of the full spectrum of relevant phenomena including cluster synthesis, ligand exchange, thermochemistry, surface immobilization, and reactivity. The fundamental insights obtained from this work will facilitate the directed synthesis of gold clusters with predetermined size and properties for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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Johnson GE, Gunaratne D, Laskin J. Soft- and reactive landing of ions onto surfaces: Concepts and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:439-479. [PMID: 25880894 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soft- and reactive landing of mass-selected ions is gaining attention as a promising approach for the precisely-controlled preparation of materials on surfaces that are not amenable to deposition using conventional methods. A broad range of ionization sources and mass filters are available that make ion soft-landing a versatile tool for surface modification using beams of hyperthermal (<100 eV) ions. The ability to select the mass-to-charge ratio of the ion, its kinetic energy and charge state, along with precise control of the size, shape, and position of the ion beam on the deposition target distinguishes ion soft landing from other surface modification techniques. Soft- and reactive landing have been used to prepare interfaces for practical applications as well as precisely-defined model surfaces for fundamental investigations in chemistry, physics, and materials science. For instance, soft- and reactive landing have been applied to study the surface chemistry of ions isolated in the gas-phase, prepare arrays of proteins for high-throughput biological screening, produce novel carbon-based and polymer materials, enrich the secondary structure of peptides and the chirality of organic molecules, immobilize electrochemically-active proteins and organometallics on electrodes, create thin films of complex molecules, and immobilize catalytically active organometallics as well as ligated metal clusters. In addition, soft landing has enabled investigation of the size-dependent behavior of bare metal clusters in the critical subnanometer size regime where chemical and physical properties do not scale predictably with size. The morphology, aggregation, and immobilization of larger bare metal nanoparticles, which are directly relevant to the design of catalysts as well as improved memory and electronic devices, have also been studied using ion soft landing. This review article begins in section 1 with a brief introduction to the existing applications of ion soft- and reactive landing. Section 2 provides an overview of the ionization sources and mass filters that have been used to date for soft landing of mass-selected ions. A discussion of the competing processes that occur during ion deposition as well as the types of ions and surfaces that have been investigated follows in section 3. Section 4 discusses the physical phenomena that occur during and after ion soft landing, including retention and reduction of ionic charge along with factors that impact the efficiency of ion deposition. The influence of soft landing on the secondary structure and biological activity of complex ions is addressed in section 5. Lastly, an overview of the structure and mobility as well as the catalytic, optical, magnetic, and redox properties of bare ionic clusters and nanoparticles deposited onto surfaces is presented in section 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
| | - Don Gunaratne
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
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23
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Schön JC, Oligschleger C, Cortes J. Prediction and clarification of structures of (bio)molecules on surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2015-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The design of future materials for biotechnological applications via deposition of molecules on surfaces will require not only exquisite control of the deposition procedure, but of equal importance will be our ability to predict the shapes and stability of individual molecules on various surfaces. Furthermore, one will need to be able to predict the structure patterns generated during the self-organization of whole layers of (bio)molecules on the surface. In this review, we present an overview over the current state of the art regarding the prediction and clarification of structures of biomolecules on surfaces using theoretical and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Christian Schön
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstr. 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christina Oligschleger
- University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg , Von-Liebigstr. 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
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Hou J, Zheng Q, Badu-Tawiah AK, Xiong C, Guan C, Chen S, Nie Z, Wang D, Wan L. Electrospray soft-landing for the construction of non-covalent molecular nanostructures using charged droplets under ambient conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13660-13663. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06195h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An ambient electrospray soft-landing apparatus was designed to create surface-confined networks on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite through ion/surface interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Qingna Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructures and Nano-technology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | | | - Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Cuizhong Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructures and Nano-technology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Suming Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructures and Nano-technology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Lijun Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructures and Nano-technology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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25
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Chakraborty D, Chattaraj PK. Interaction of BN- and BP-doped graphene nanoflakes with some representative neutral molecules and anions. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1059511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mukherjee S, Sriram P, Barui AK, Nethi SK, Veeriah V, Chatterjee S, Suresh KI, Patra CR. Graphene Oxides Show Angiogenic Properties. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1722-32. [PMID: 26033847 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a process resulting in the formation of new capillaries from the pre-existing vasculature plays vital role for the development of therapeutic approaches for cancer, atherosclerosis, wound healing, and cardiovascular diseases. In this report, the synthesis, characterization, and angiogenic properties of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been demonstrated, observed through several in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assays. The results here demonstrate that the intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species as well as activation of phospho-eNOS and phospho-Akt might be the plausible mechanisms for GO and rGO induced angiogenesis. The results altogether suggest the possibilities for the development of alternative angiogenic therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular related diseases where angiogenesis plays a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Mukherjee
- Biomaterials Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road Tarnaka Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Pavithra Sriram
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road Tarnaka Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
| | - Ayan Kumar Barui
- Biomaterials Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road Tarnaka Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Biomaterials Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road Tarnaka Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Vimal Veeriah
- Vascular Biology Lab; Life Sciences Division; AU-KBC Research CentreAnna University; Chennai Tamil Nadu 600044 India
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Vascular Biology Lab; Life Sciences Division; AU-KBC Research CentreAnna University; Chennai Tamil Nadu 600044 India
- Department of Biotechnology; Anna University; 600025 Chennai India
| | - Kattimuttathu Ittara Suresh
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road Tarnaka Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
| | - Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Biomaterials Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road Tarnaka Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi 110001 India
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Abbas AN, Liu B, Narita A, Dössel LF, Yang B, Zhang W, Tang J, Wang KL, Räder HJ, Feng X, Müllen K, Zhou C. Vapor-Phase Transport Deposition, Characterization, and Applications of Large Nanographenes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4453-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja513207e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad N. Abbas
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, University of Jeddah, Abdullah Sulayman
St, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bilu Liu
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute of Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas F. Dössel
- Max Planck Institute of Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bo Yang
- Max Planck Institute of Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wen Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jianshi Tang
- Device
Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kang L. Wang
- Device
Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hans Joachim Räder
- Max Planck Institute of Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute of Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute of Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Chongwu Zhou
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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28
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Nasser Abdelhamid H, Wu BS, Wu HF. Graphene coated silica applied for high ionization matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: A novel approach for environmental and biomolecule analysis. Talanta 2014; 126:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Müllen K. Evolution of graphene molecules: structural and functional complexity as driving forces behind nanoscience. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6531-6541. [PMID: 25012545 DOI: 10.1021/nn503283d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of nanoscience is based on the ability of the fields of chemistry and physics to share competencies through mutually beneficial collaborations. With this in mind, in this Perspective, I describe three classes of compounds: rylene dyes, polyphenylene dendrimers, as well as nanographene molecules and graphene nanoribbons, which have provided a superb platform to nurture these relationships. The synthesis of these complex structures is demanding but also rewarding because they stimulate unique investigations at the single-molecule level by scanning tunneling microscopy and single-molecule spectroscopy. There are close functional and structural relationships between the molecules chosen. In particular, rylenes and nanographenes can be regarded as honeycomb-type, discoid species composed of fused benzene rings. The benzene ring can thus be regarded as a universal modular building block. Polyphenylene dendrimers serve, first, as a scaffold for dyes en route to multichromophoric systems and, second, as chemical precursors for graphene synthesis. Through chemical design, it is possible to tune the properties of these systems at the single-molecule level and to achieve nanoscale control over their self-assembly to form multifunctional (nano)materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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30
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Kwong G, Li J, Fan Z, Deng X, Tang G. All-carbon sp-sp2 hybrid structures: geometrical properties, current rectification, and current amplification. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2575. [PMID: 23999318 PMCID: PMC3759849 DOI: 10.1038/srep02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
All-carbon sp-sp(2) hybrid structures comprised of a zigzag-edged trigonal graphene (ZTG)and carbon chains are proposed and constructed as nanojunctions. It has been found that such simple hybrid structures possess very intriguing propertiesapp:addword:intriguing. The high-performance rectifying behaviors similar to macroscopic p-n junction diodes, such as a nearly linear positive-bias I-V curve (metallic behavior), a very small leakage current under negative bias (insulating behavior), a rather low threshold voltage, and a large bias region contributed to a rectification, can be predicted. And also, a transistor can be built by such a hybrid structure, which can show an extremely high current amplification. This is because a sp-hybrid carbon chain has a special electronic structure which can limit the electronic resonant tunneling of the ZTG to a unique and favorable situation. These results suggest that these hybrid structures might promise importantly potential applications for developing nano-scale integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
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31
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Johnson GE, Gunaratne KDD, Laskin J. In situ SIMS and IR spectroscopy of well-defined surfaces prepared by soft landing of mass-selected ions. J Vis Exp 2014:51344. [PMID: 24961913 PMCID: PMC4195338 DOI: 10.3791/51344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft landing of mass-selected ions onto surfaces is a powerful approach for the highly-controlled preparation of materials that are inaccessible using conventional synthesis techniques. Coupling soft landing with in situ characterization using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) enables analysis of well-defined surfaces under clean vacuum conditions. The capabilities of three soft-landing instruments constructed in our laboratory are illustrated for the representative system of surface-bound organometallics prepared by soft landing of mass-selected ruthenium tris(bipyridine) dications, [Ru(bpy)3](2+) (bpy = bipyridine), onto carboxylic acid terminated self-assembled monolayer surfaces on gold (COOH-SAMs). In situ time-of-flight (TOF)-SIMS provides insight into the reactivity of the soft-landed ions. In addition, the kinetics of charge reduction, neutralization and desorption occurring on the COOH-SAM both during and after ion soft landing are studied using in situ Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR)-SIMS measurements. In situ IRRAS experiments provide insight into how the structure of organic ligands surrounding metal centers is perturbed through immobilization of organometallic ions on COOH-SAM surfaces by soft landing. Collectively, the three instruments provide complementary information about the chemical composition, reactivity and structure of well-defined species supported on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
| | | | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory;
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32
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Vo TH, Shekhirev M, Kunkel DA, Morton MD, Berglund E, Kong L, Wilson PM, Dowben PA, Enders A, Sinitskii A. Large-scale solution synthesis of narrow graphene nanoribbons. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3189. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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33
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Tan Z, Ohara S, Abe H, Naito M. Synthesis and processing of graphene hydrogels for electronics applications. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Graphene as a Target for Polymer Synthesis. HIERARCHICAL MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES: 60 YEARS AFTER THE STAUDINGER NOBEL PRIZE II 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Cyriac J, Pradeep T, Kang H, Souda R, Cooks RG. Low-Energy Ionic Collisions at Molecular Solids. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5356-411. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Cyriac
- DST Unit of
Nanoscience, Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - T. Pradeep
- DST Unit of
Nanoscience, Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - H. Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747,
Republic of Korea
| | - R. Souda
- International
Center for Materials
Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - R. G. Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
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36
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Chen L, Hernandez Y, Feng X, Müllen K. Die chemische Synthese von Nanographen, Graphen-Nanobändern und Graphen-Schichten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Chen L, Hernandez Y, Feng X, Müllen K. From Nanographene and Graphene Nanoribbons to Graphene Sheets: Chemical Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7640-54. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 645] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Rauschenbach S, Rinke G, Malinowski N, Weitz RT, Dinnebier R, Thontasen N, Deng Z, Lutz T, de Almeida Rollo PM, Costantini G, Harnau L, Kern K. Crystalline inverted membranes grown on surfaces by electrospray ion beam deposition in vacuum. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:2761-2767. [PMID: 22517313 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline inverted membranes of the nonvolatile surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate are found on solid surfaces after electrospray ion beam deposition (ES-IBD) of large SDS clusters in vacuum. This demonstrates the equivalence of ES-IBD to conventional molecular beam epitaxy.
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39
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Cyriac J, Wleklinski M, Li G, Gao L, Cooks RG. In situ Raman spectroscopy of surfaces modified by ion soft landing. Analyst 2012; 137:1363-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an16163j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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40
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Yan L, Zheng YB, Zhao F, Li S, Gao X, Xu B, Weiss PS, Zhao Y. Chemistry and physics of a single atomic layer: strategies and challenges for functionalization of graphene and graphene-based materials. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 41:97-114. [PMID: 22086617 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15193b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphene has attracted great interest for its superior physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties that enable a wide range of applications from electronics to nanoelectromechanical systems. Functionalization is among the significant vectors that drive graphene towards technological applications. While the physical properties of graphene have been at the center of attention, we still lack the knowledge framework for targeted graphene functionalization. In this critical review, we describe some of the important chemical and physical processes for graphene functionalization. We also identify six major challenges in graphene research and give perspectives and practical strategies for both fundamental studies and applications of graphene (315 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
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42
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Mavrinskaya N, Räder HJ, Müllen K. Nonlinear behavior during semi-quantitative analysis of thin organic layers by laser desorption mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:2196-2200. [PMID: 21710599 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the surface coverage and thickness of an organic thin film is particularly important in organic electronics and optoelectronics. For surface coverage down to the submonolayer level there is still a need for characterization methods which are easily applicable. In the present work we report on the evaluation of laser desorption mass spectrometry (LD-MS) for its use in thickness determination of organic thin films. Whereas LD-MS is well established as a soft ionization method for small molecules, its capability for use in quantitative analysis is nearly unexplored. We carried out experiments with two different molecules, 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane and hexabenzocoronene, in a series of experiments with increasing surface coverage. The obtained data were analyzed by plotting the LD signal intensities versus the relative layer thickness and they reveal a nonlinear behavior, which can be classified into regions of different desorption/ionization efficiencies. Visualization by atomic force microscopy reveals that the first efficiency change corresponds to the transition between incomplete and complete coverage of the metal surface by analyte molecules. A second transition is observed at high layer thickness where the signal intensity stays constant, independent of further thickness increments, and this is attributed to the limited penetration depth of the laser beam. The intermediate region between the two transitions shows a linear behavior and can thus be used for semi-quantitative thickness measurements. The efficiency change observed at the point of complete surface coverage is particularly useful for thin layer preparation of organic field effect transistors, where complete surface coverage is a minimum requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mavrinskaya
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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43
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Cyriac J, Li G, Cooks RG. Vibrational Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry for Characterization of Soft Landed Polyatomic Molecules. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5114-21. [PMID: 21634371 DOI: 10.1021/ac200118f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Cyriac
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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44
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Lee S, Huang M, Chen C, Wang C, Liu R. Diode‐Like
I
–
V
Characteristics of a Nonplanar Polyaromatic Compound: a Spectroscopic Study of Isolated and Stacked Dibenzo[
g,p
]chrysene. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:1181-7. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shern‐Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2363‐6359
| | - Min‐Jie Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2363‐6359
| | - Chun‐hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2363‐6359
| | - Cheng‐I Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 (Taiwan)
| | - Rai‐Shung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 (Taiwan)
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Johnson GE, Hu Q, Laskin J. Soft landing of complex molecules on surfaces. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2011; 4:83-104. [PMID: 21370985 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061010-114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Soft and reactive landing of mass-selected ions onto surfaces has become a topic of substantial interest due to its promising potential for the highly controlled preparation of materials. For example, there are possible applications in the production of peptide and protein microarrays for use in high-throughput screening, protein separation and conformational enrichment of peptides, redox protein characterization, thin-film production, and the preparation of catalysts through deposition of clusters and organometallic complexes. Soft landing overcomes many of the limitations associated with conventional thin-film production techniques and offers unprecedented selectivity and specificity of preparation of deposited species. This review discusses the fundamental aspects of soft and reactive landing of mass-selected ions on surfaces that pertain to applications of these techniques in biomaterials, molecular electronics, catalysis, and interfacial chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Fundamental Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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46
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Zhang Y, Tan M, Li H, Zheng Y, Gao S, Zhang H, Ying JY. Mesoscopic organic nanosheets peeled from stacked 2D covalent frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:7365-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12235e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Hoheisel T, Schrettl S, Szilluweit R, Frauenrath H. Nanostrukturierte Kohlenstoffmaterialien aus molekularen Vorstufen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200907180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Hoheisel T, Schrettl S, Szilluweit R, Frauenrath H. Nanostructured Carbonaceous Materials from Molecular Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6496-515. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200907180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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49
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Johnson GE, Lysonski M, Laskin J. In Situ Reactivity and TOF-SIMS Analysis of Surfaces Prepared by Soft and Reactive Landing of Mass-Selected Ions. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5718-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100734g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant E. Johnson
- Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Michael Lysonski
- Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Julia Laskin
- Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352
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50
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Trimpin S. A perspective on MALDI alternatives-total solvent-free analysis and electron transfer dissociation of highly charged ions by laserspray ionization. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2010; 45:471-485. [PMID: 20446310 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Progress in research is hindered by analytical limitations, especially in biological areas in which sensitivity and dynamic range are critical to success. Inherent difficulties of characterization associated with complexity arising from heterogeneity of various materials including topologies (isomeric composition) and insolubility also limit progress. For this reason, we are developing methods for total solvent-free analysis by mass spectrometry consisting of solvent-free ionization followed by solvent-free gas-phase separation. We also recently constructed a novel matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) source that provides a simple, practical and sensitive way of producing highly charged ions by laserspray ionization (LSI) or singly charged ions commonly observed with MALDI by choice of matrix or matrix preparation. This is the first ionization source with such freedom-an extremely powerful analytical 'switch'. Multiply charged LSI ions allow molecules exceeding the mass-to-charge range of the instrument to be observed and permit for the first time electron transfer dissociation fragment ion analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Trimpin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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