1
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Huai X, Acheampong E, Delles E, Winiarski MJ, Sorolla M, Nassar L, Liang M, Ramette C, Ji H, Scheie A, Calder S, Mourigal M, Tran TT. Noncentrosymmetric Triangular Magnet CaMnTeO 6: Strong Quantum Fluctuations and Role of s 0 versus s 2 Electronic States in Competing Exchange Interactions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313763. [PMID: 38506567 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Noncentrosymmetric triangular magnets offer a unique platform for realizing strong quantum fluctuations. However, designing these quantum materials remains an open challenge attributable to a knowledge gap in the tunability of competing exchange interactions at the atomic level. Here, a new noncentrosymmetric triangular S = 3/2 magnet CaMnTeO6 is created based on careful chemical and physical considerations. The model material displays competing magnetic interactions and features nonlinear optical responses with the capability of generating coherent photons. The incommensurate magnetic ground state of CaMnTeO6 with an unusually large spin rotation angle of 127°(1) indicates that the anisotropic interlayer exchange is strong and competing with the isotropic interlayer Heisenberg interaction. The moment of 1.39(1) µB, extracted from low-temperature heat capacity and neutron diffraction measurements, is only 46% of the expected value of the static moment 3 µB. This reduction indicates the presence of strong quantum fluctuations in the half-integer spin S = 3/2 CaMnTeO6 magnet, which is rare. By comparing the spin-polarized band structure, chemical bonding, and physical properties of AMnTeO6 (A = Ca, Sr, Pb), how quantum-chemical interpretation can illuminate insights into the fundamentals of magnetic exchange interactions, providing a powerful tool for modulating spin dynamics with atomically precise control is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Huai
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | | | - Erich Delles
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Michał J Winiarski
- Applied Physics and Mathematics and Advanced Materials Center, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Maurice Sorolla
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Lila Nassar
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Mingli Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Caleb Ramette
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Huiwen Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Allen Scheie
- MPA-Q, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Stuart Calder
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Martin Mourigal
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Thao T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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2
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Guo L, Hu S, Gu X, Zhang R, Wang K, Yan W, Sun X. Emerging Spintronic Materials and Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301854. [PMID: 37309258 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The explosive growth of the information era has put forward urgent requirements for ultrahigh-speed and extremely efficient computations. In direct contrary to charge-based computations, spintronics aims to use spins as information carriers for data storage, transmission, and decoding, to help fully realize electronic device miniaturization and high integration for next-generation computing technologies. Currently, many novel spintronic materials have been developed with unique properties and multifunctionalities, including organic semiconductors (OSCs), organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs), and 2D materials (2DMs). These materials are useful to fulfill the demand for developing diverse and advanced spintronic devices. Herein, these promising materials are systematically reviewed for advanced spintronic applications. Due to the distinct chemical and physical structures of OSCs, OIHPs, and 2DMs, their spintronic properties (spin transport and spin manipulation) are discussed separately. In addition, some multifunctionalities due to photoelectric and chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) are overviewed, including the spin-filter effect, spin-photovoltaics, spin-light emitting devices, and spin-transistor functions. Subsequently, challenges and future perspectives of using these multifunctional materials for the development of advanced spintronics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shunhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianrong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG9 2RD, UK
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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3
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Yang T, Qin Y, Wu M, Guo L, Gu X, Meng K, Hu S, Zhang C, Zheng R, Zhang R, Sun X. Structural Isomeric Effect on Spin Transport in Molecular Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402001. [PMID: 38597787 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Molecular semiconductor (MSC) is a promising candidate for spintronic applications benefiting from its long spin lifetime caused by light elemental-composition essence and thus weak spin-orbit coupling (SOC). According to current knowledge, the SOC effect, normally dominated by the elemental composition, is the main spin-relaxation causation in MSCs, and thus the molecular structure-induced SOC change is one of the most concerned issues. In theoretical study, molecular isomerism, a most prototype phenomenon, has long been considered to possess little difference on spin transport previously, since elemental compositions of isomers are totally the same. However, here in this study, quite different spin-transport performances are demonstrated in ITIC and its structural isomers BDTIC experimentally, for the first time, though the charge transport and molecular stacking of the two films are very similar. By further experiments of electron-paramagnetic resonance and density-functional-theory calculations, it is revealed that noncovalent-conformational locks (NCLs) formed in BDTIC can lead to enhancement of SOC and thus decrease the spin lifetime. Hence, this study suggests the influences from the structural-isomeric effect must be considered for developing highly efficient spin-transport MSCs, which also provides a reliable theoretical basis for solving the great challenge of quantificational measurement of NCLs in films in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lidan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianrong Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ke Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shunhua Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ruiheng Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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Zhou X, Yang S, Li Q, Bai G, Wang C, Han C. Energy level measurement for organic semiconductors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2768-2779. [PMID: 38189553 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04270g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Along with the miniaturization and versatility of organic optoelectronic devices, it is desired to achieve a profound comprehension of the charge transport mechanism and even the basic device physics. The basis of these studies is the acquisition of relevant information about energy levels. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of five commonly-used techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet electron spectroscopy, inverse photoemission electron spectroscopy, low energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy and hot electron spectroscopy. According to the advantages and disadvantages, working mechanism, and application conditions, researchers will screen out a reliable and suitable characterization method, quickly and accurately. This should be beneficial for the efficient promotion of organic electronics and save valuable time for the related research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Shixing Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Qingxia Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Guoliang Bai
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Zhang C, Ding S, Tian Y, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhao T, Hu F, Hu W, Shen B. The In Situ Optimization of Spinterface in Polymer Spin Valve by Electronic Phase Separated Oxides. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303375. [PMID: 37264712 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the interface between organic semiconductor (OSC) and ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes, that is, the spinterface, offers a promising way to manipulate and optimize the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of the organic spin valve (OSV) devices. However, the non-destructive in situ regulation method of spinterface is seldom reported, limiting its theoretical research and further application in organic spintronics. (La2/3 Pr1/3 )5/8 Ca3/8 MnO3 (LPCMO), a recently developed FM material, exhibits a strong electronic phase separation (EPS) property, and can be employed as an effective in situ spinterface adjuster. Herein, we fabricated a LPCMO-based polymer spin valve with a vertical configuration of LPCMO/poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)/Co, and emphasized the important role of LPCMO/P3HT spinterface in MR regulation. A unique competitive spin-scattering mechanism generated by the EPS characteristics of LPCMO inside the polymer spin valve was discovered by abstracting the anomalous non-monotonic MR value as a function of pre-set magnetic field (Bpre ) and temperature (T). Particularly, a record-high MR ratio of 93% was achieved in polymer spin valves under optimal conditions. These findings highlight the importance of interdisciplinary research between organic spintronics and EPS oxides and offer a novel scenario for multi-level storage via spinterface manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shuaishuai Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- School of Physics & Electronics, Hunan University, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yunzhong Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tongyun Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengxia Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Baogen Shen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
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6
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Mondal AK, Pan X, Kwon O, Vardeny ZV. Degradation Analysis of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes through Dispersive Magneto-Electroluminescence Response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9697-9704. [PMID: 36749918 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the stability and degradation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) under working conditions is a significant area of research for developing more effective OLEDs and further improving their performance. However, studies of degradation processes by in situ noninvasive methods have not been adequately developed. In this work, tris-(8-hydroxyquinolino) aluminum (Alq3)-based OLED degradation processes have been analyzed through the investigation of the device dispersive magneto-electroluminescence (MEL(B)) response measured at room temperature. By studying the change in the MEL(B) response during the device degradation under different external stimuli, such as exposing the device to the atmosphere and prolonged illumination by a strong visible light source, we have gained insight into the microscopic spin-dependent phenomena that control the recombination of e-h polaron pairs in the device. We found that the device degradation leads to a shorter e-h polaron lifetime, smaller dispersive parameter, and broader lifetime distribution function that shows increased disorder in the active layer. This study could offer a potential tool that may be beneficial for assessing the degradation of OLED devices based on various active layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Mondal
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130, Samsung-Ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-Si 16678, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Zeev Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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7
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Zhu Y, Jiang Q, Zhang J, Ma Y. Recent Progress of Organic Semiconductor Materials in Spintronics. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201125. [PMID: 36510771 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spintronics, a new discipline focusing on the spin-dependent transport process of electrons, has been developing rapidly. Spin valves are the most significant carriers of spintronics utilizing the spin freedom of electrons. It is expected to pierce "Moore's Law" and become the core component in processors of the next generation. Organic semiconductors advance in their adjustable band gap, weak spin-orbit coupling and hyperfine interaction, excellent film-forming property, having enormous promise for spin valves. Here, the principle of spin valves is introduced, and the history and progress in organic spin injection and transport materials are summarized. Then we analyze the influence of spinterface on device performance and introduce reliable methods of constructing organic spin valves. Finally, the challenges for spin valves are discussed, and the future is proposed. We aim to draw the attention of researchers to organic spin valves and promote further research in spintronics through this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanuo Zhu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qinglin Jiang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
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8
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Sheng FF, Gu JG, Liu KH, Zhang HH. Synthesis of β-Deuterated Amino Acids via Palladium-Catalyzed H/D Exchange. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16084-16089. [PMID: 36395460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite several synthetic approaches that have been developed for α-deuterated amino acids, the synthesis of β-deuterated amino acids has remained a challenge. Herein, we disclose a palladium catalyzed H/D exchange protocol for a β-deuterated N-protected amino amide, which can be converted to a β-deuterated amino acid simply by removal of protecting groups. This protocol is highly efficient, simply manipulated, and appliable for deuterium-labeling of many amino amides. In addition, deuterium labeling of phenylalanine derivatives was also successful when pivalic acid served as an additive to promote the H/D exchange process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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9
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Hu CH, Li Y. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylation of α-Oxo Carboxylic Acids to C1-Deuterated Aldehydes and Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2022; 88:6401-6406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Hu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
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10
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Qian P, Zhang S, Luo F, Wang J, Zhang X, Liu X, Chen X, Wang W, Chen X. Site-selective deuteration at the α-position of enals by an amine and bis(phenylsulfonyl)methane co-catalyzed H/D exchange reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11458-11461. [PMID: 36149351 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04959g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An amine and bis(phenylsulfonyl)methane co-catalyzed hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDE) method via a Michael-retro-Michael pathway for site-selective introduction of deuterium at the α-position of enals using D2O as a deuterium source has been achieved. The mild, operationally simple protocol allows for high yielding and high level deuterium incorporation (up to 99%) for structurally diverse aromatic-derived enals and dienals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Qian
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Luo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Shanghai Neutan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Building 26, No. 555 Huanqiao Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Shanghai Neutan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Building 26, No. 555 Huanqiao Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., P. O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, USA.
| | - Xiaobei Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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11
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Zlobin IS, Nelyubina YV, Novikov VV. Molecular Compounds in Spintronic Devices: An Intricate Marriage of Chemistry and Physics. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12919-12930. [PMID: 35930627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spintronics, a flourishing new field of microelectronics, uses the electron spin for reading and writing information in modern computers and other spintronic devices with a low power consumption and high reliability. In a quest to increase the productivity of such devices, the use of molecular materials as a spacer layer allowed them to perform equally well or even better than conventional all-inorganic heterostructures from metals, alloys, or inorganic semiconductors. In this review, we survey various classes of chemical compounds that have already been tested for this purpose─from organic compounds and coordination complexes to organic-inorganic hybrid materials─since the creation of the first molecule-based spintronic device in 2002. Although each class has its advantages, drawbacks, and applications in molecular spintronics, together they allowed nonchemists to gain insights into spin-related effects and to propose new concepts in the design and fabrication of highly efficient spintronic devices. Other molecular compounds that chemistry could offer in great numbers may soon emerge as suitable spacers or even electrodes in flexible magnetic field sensors, nonvolatile memories, and multifunctional spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Zlobin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilova Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutskiy Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilova Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutskiy Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Valentin V Novikov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilova Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutskiy Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
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12
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Singlet and triplet to doublet energy transfer: improving organic light-emitting diodes with radicals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2744. [PMID: 35585063 PMCID: PMC9117228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) must be engineered to circumvent the efficiency limit imposed by the 3:1 ratio of triplet to singlet exciton formation following electron-hole capture. Here we show the spin nature of luminescent radicals such as TTM-3PCz allows direct energy harvesting from both singlet and triplet excitons through energy transfer, with subsequent rapid and efficient light emission from the doublet excitons. This is demonstrated with a model Thermally-Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) organic semiconductor, 4CzIPN, where reverse intersystem crossing from triplets is characteristically slow (50% emission by 1 µs). The radical:TADF combination shows much faster emission via the doublet channel (80% emission by 100 ns) than the comparable TADF-only system, and sustains higher electroluminescent efficiency with increasing current density than a radical-only device. By unlocking energy transfer channels between singlet, triplet and doublet excitons, further technology opportunities are enabled for optoelectronics using organic radicals. Organic light-emitting diodes must be engineered to circumvent efficiency limits imposed by the ratio of triplet to singlet exciton formation, following electron-hole capture. Here, authors unlock energy transfer channels between singlet, triplet and doublet excitons using thermally activated delayed fluorescence and radical emitters towards more efficient light-emitting devices.
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13
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Pappas WJ, Geng R, Mena A, Baldacchino AJ, Asadpoordarvish A, McCamey DR. Resolving the Spatial Variation and Correlation of Hyperfine Spin Properties in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104186. [PMID: 34919299 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Devices that exploit the quantum properties of materials are widespread, with quantum information processors and quantum sensors showing significant progress. Organic materials offer interesting opportunities for quantum technologies owing to their engineerable spin properties, with spintronic operation and spin resonance magnetic-field sensing demonstrated in research grade devices, as well as proven compatibility with large-scale fabrication techniques. Yet several important challenges remain as moving toward scaling these proof-of-principle quantum devices to larger integrated logic systems or spatially smaller sensing elements, particularly those associated with the variation of quantum properties both within and between devices. Here, spatially resolved magnetoluminescence is used to provide the first 2D map of a hyperfine spin property-the Overhauser field-in traditional organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Intra-device variabilities are found to exceed ≈30% while spatially correlated behavior is exhibited on lengths beyond 7 µm, similar in size to pixels in state-of-the-art active-matrix OLED arrays, which has implications for the reproducibility and integration of organic quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Pappas
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rugang Geng
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Adrian Mena
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander J Baldacchino
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Amir Asadpoordarvish
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dane R McCamey
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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14
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Pytlarczyk M, Herman J, Arakawa Y, Tsuji H, Kula P. Deuterated Liquid Crystals – practical synthesis of deuterium labeled 4-alkyl-4″-isothiocyanato-[1,1ʹ:4ʹ,1″]terphenyls. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Water-involving transfer hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles over a bifunctional MoNi4 electrode. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Nikiforov D, Ehrenfreund E. Magnetic Field Effects of Charge Transfer Excitons in Organic Semiconductor Devices. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nikiforov
- Physics Department and Solid State Institute Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Eitan Ehrenfreund
- Physics Department and Solid State Institute Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
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17
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Stereodefined rhodium-catalysed 1,4-H/D delivery for modular syntheses and deuterium integration. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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18
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Simulation and Theory of Classical Spin Hopping on a Lattice. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry7060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of spin for incoherently hopping carriers is critical to understand in a variety of systems such as organic semiconductors, amorphous semiconductors, and muon-implanted materials. This work specifically examined the spin relaxation of hopping spin/charge carriers through a cubic lattice in the presence of varying degrees of energy disorder when the carrier spin is treated classically and random spin rotations are suffered during the hopping process (to mimic spin–orbit coupling effects) instead of during the wait time period (which would be more appropriate for hyperfine coupling). The problem was studied under a variety of different assumptions regarding the hopping rates and the random local fields. In some cases, analytic solutions for the spin relaxation rate were obtained. In all the models, we found that exponentially distributed energy disorder led to a drastic reduction in spin polarization losses that fell nonexponentially.
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19
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Shumilin AV, Smirnov DS. Nuclear Spin Dynamics, Noise, Squeezing, and Entanglement in Box Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:216804. [PMID: 34114866 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.216804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We obtain a compact analytical solution for the nonlinear equation for the nuclear spin dynamics in the central spin box model in the limit of many nuclear spins. The total nuclear spin component along the external magnetic field is conserved and the two perpendicular components precess or oscillate depending on the electron spin polarization, with the frequency, determined by the nuclear spin polarization. As applications of our solution, we calculate the nuclear spin noise spectrum and describe the effects of nuclear spin squeezing and many body entanglement in the absence of a system excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D S Smirnov
- Ioffe Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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20
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21
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Huang L, Liu W, Zhao LL, Zhang Z, Yan X. Base-Catalyzed H/D Exchange Reaction of Difluoromethylarenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3981-3988. [PMID: 33591190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The budding deuteriodifluoromethyl group (CF2D) is a potentially significant functional group in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we investigated t-BuOK-catalyzed H/D exchange reaction of difluoromethylarenes in DMSO-d6 solution. The method provides excellent deuterium incorporation at the difluoromethyl group. Meanwhile, the effect of a trace amount of D2O in DMSO-d6 solution on the deuteration reaction was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Liang-Liang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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22
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A practical and efficient method for late-stage deuteration of terminal alkynes with silver salt as catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Hu GQ, Bai JW, Li EC, Liu KH, Sheng FF, Zhang HH. Synthesis of Multideuterated (Hetero)aryl Bromides by Ag(I)-Catalyzed H/D Exchange. Org Lett 2021; 23:1554-1560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Bai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - En-Ci Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Fei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
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Jamali S, Mkhitaryan VV, Malissa H, Nahlawi A, Popli H, Grünbaum T, Bange S, Milster S, Stoltzfus DM, Leung AE, Darwish TA, Burn PL, Lupton JM, Boehme C. Floquet spin states in OLEDs. Nat Commun 2021; 12:465. [PMID: 33469009 PMCID: PMC7815916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron and hole spins in organic light-emitting diodes constitute prototypical two-level systems for the exploration of the ultrastrong-drive regime of light-matter interactions. Floquet solutions to the time-dependent Hamiltonian of pairs of electron and hole spins reveal that, under non-perturbative resonant drive, when spin-Rabi frequencies become comparable to the Larmor frequencies, hybrid light-matter states emerge that enable dipole-forbidden multi-quantum transitions at integer and fractional g-factors. To probe these phenomena experimentally, we develop an electrically detected magnetic-resonance experiment supporting oscillating driving fields comparable in amplitude to the static field defining the Zeeman splitting; and an organic semiconductor characterized by minimal local hyperfine fields allowing the non-perturbative light-matter interactions to be resolved. The experimental confirmation of the predicted Floquet states under strong-drive conditions demonstrates the presence of hybrid light-matter spin excitations at room temperature. These dressed states are insensitive to power broadening, display Bloch-Siegert-like shifts, and are suggestive of long spin coherence times, implying potential applicability for quantum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jamali
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - V V Mkhitaryan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - H Malissa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - A Nahlawi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - H Popli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - T Grünbaum
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Bange
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Milster
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - D M Stoltzfus
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - A E Leung
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
- Scientific Activities Division, European Spallation Source ERIC, Lund, 224 84, Sweden
| | - T A Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - P L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - J M Lupton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - C Boehme
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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25
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Engel EA. Identification of synthesisable crystalline phases of water – a prototype for the challenges of computational materials design. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01260b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We discuss the identification of experimentally realisable crystalline phases of water to outline and contextualise some of the diverse building blocks of a computational materials design process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A. Engel
- TCM Group
- Cavendish Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0HE
- UK
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26
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Liu X, Popli H, Kwon O, Malissa H, Pan X, Park B, Choi B, Kim S, Ehrenfreund E, Boehme C, Vardeny ZV. Isotope Effect in the Magneto-Optoelectronic Response of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Donor-Acceptor Exciplexes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004421. [PMID: 33119173 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The isotope effect is studied in the magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) and pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance of organic light-emitting diodes based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from donor-acceptor exciplexes that are either protonated (H) or deuterated (D). It is found that at ambient temperature, the exchange of H to D has no effect on the spin-dependent current and MEL responses in the devices. However, at cryogenic temperatures, where the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) from triplet to singlet exciplex diminishes, a pronounced isotope effect is observed. These results show that the RISC process is not governed by the hyperfine interaction as thought previously, but proceeds through spin-mixing in the triplet exciplex. The observations are corroborated by electrically detected transient spin nutation experiments that show relatively long dephasing time at ambient temperature, and interpreted in the context of a model that involves exchange and hyperfine interactions in the spin triplet exciplex. These findings deepen the understanding of the RISC process in TADF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Henna Popli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130, Samsung-Ro, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans Malissa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Bumwoo Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130, Samsung-Ro, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungki Choi
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130, Samsung-Ro, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghan Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130, Samsung-Ro, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Eitan Ehrenfreund
- Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Christoph Boehme
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Z Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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27
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Zhang Y, Guo L, Zhu X, Sun X. The Application of Organic Semiconductor Materials in Spintronics. Front Chem 2020; 8:589207. [PMID: 33195092 PMCID: PMC7642617 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.589207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
π-Conjugated semiconductors, primarily composed of elements with low atomic number, are regarded as promising spin-transport materials due to the weak spin-orbit coupling interaction and hence long spin relaxation time. Moreover, a large number of additional functions of organic semiconductors (OSCs), such as the abundant photo-electric properties, flexibility, and tailorability, endow the organic spintronic devices more unique properties and functionalities. Particularly, the integration of the photo-electric functionality and excellent spin transport property of OSCs in a single spintronic device has even shown great potential for the realization of spin manipulation in OSCs. In this review, the application of OSCs in spintronic study will be succinctly discussed. As the most important and extensive application, the long-distance spin transport property of OSCs will be discussed first. Subsequently, several multifunctional spintronic devices based on OSCs will be summarized. After that, the organic-based magnets used for the electrodes of spintronic devices will be introduced. Finally, according to the latest progress, spin manipulation in OSCs via novel spintronic devices together with other prospects and challenges will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Weng Z, Gillin WP, Kreouzis T. Fitting the magnetoresponses of the OLED using polaron pair model to obtain spin-pair dynamics and local hyperfine fields. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16806. [PMID: 33033322 PMCID: PMC7544898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays a sign reversal magnetic field effect (MFE) when the applied magnetic field range is reduced to the sub-milliTesla range and the Polaron Pair Model has been successful in explaining the ultra-small MFE. Here, we obtained high resolution (~ 1 µT) magnetoconductance (MC) and magnetoelectroluminescence (MEL) of a tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminium-based (Alq3) OLED within the magnetic field range of ± 500 µT with the earth magnetic field components cancelled. A clear "W" shaped MC with a dip position of ± 250 µT and a monotonic MEL were observed. We demonstrate a fitting technique using the polaron pair model to the experimentally obtained MC and MEL. The fitting process extracts physically significant parameters within a working OLED: the local hyperfine fields for electron and hole in Alq3: Bhf1 = (0.63 ± 0.01) mT (electron), Bhf2 = (0.24 ± 0.01) mT (hole); the separation rates for singlet and triplet polaron pairs: kS,s = (44.59 ± 0.01) MHz, kT,s = (43.97 ± 0.01) MHz, and the recombination rate for singlet polaron pair kS,r = (88 ± 6) MHz. The yielded parameters are highly reproducible across different OLEDs and are in broad agreement with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and reported experimental observations. This demonstrates the feasibility of this fitting technique to approach any working OLED for obtaining significant microscopic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Weng
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - William P Gillin
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Theo Kreouzis
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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29
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Liu C, Han S, Li M, Chong X, Zhang B. Electrocatalytic Deuteration of Halides with D 2 O as the Deuterium Source over a Copper Nanowire Arrays Cathode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18527-18531. [PMID: 32662240 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Precise deuterium incorporation with controllable deuterated sites is extremely desirable. Here, a facile and efficient electrocatalytic deuterodehalogenation of halides using D2 O as the deuteration reagent and copper nanowire arrays (Cu NWAs) electrochemically formed in situ as the cathode was demonstrated. A cross-coupling of carbon and deuterium free radicals might be involved for this ipso-selective deuteration. This method exhibited excellent chemoselectivity and high compatibility with the easily reducible functional groups (C=C, C≡C, C=O, C=N, C≡N). The C-H to C-D transformations were achieved with high yields and deuterium ratios through a one-pot halogenation-deuterodehalogenation process. Efficient deuteration of less-active bromide substrates, specific deuterium incorporation into top-selling pharmaceuticals, and oxidant-free paired anodic synthesis of high-value chemicals with low energy input highlighted the potential practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuibo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuyan Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaodan Chong
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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30
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Electrocatalytic Deuteration of Halides with D
2
O as the Deuterium Source over a Copper Nanowire Arrays Cathode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Milster S, Grünbaum T, Bange S, Kurrmann S, Kraus H, Stoltzfus DM, Leung AE, Darwish TA, Burn PL, Boehme C, Lupton JM. Perdeuterated Conjugated Polymers for Ultralow-Frequency Magnetic Resonance of OLEDs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9388-9392. [PMID: 32167645 PMCID: PMC7317727 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The formation of excitons in OLEDs is spin dependent and can be controlled by electron-paramagnetic resonance, affecting device resistance and electroluminescence yield. We explore electrically detected magnetic resonance in the regime of very low magnetic fields (<1 mT). A pronounced feature emerges at zero field in addition to the conventional spin- 1 / 2 Zeeman resonance for which the Larmor frequency matches that of the incident radiation. By comparing a conventional π-conjugated polymer as the active material to a perdeuterated analogue, we demonstrate the interplay between the zero-field feature and local hyperfine fields. The zero-field peak results from a quasistatic magnetic-field effect of the RF radiation for periods comparable to the carrier-pair lifetime. Zeeman resonances are resolved down to 3.2 MHz, approximately twice the Larmor frequency of an electron in Earth's field. However, since reducing hyperfine fields sharpens the Zeeman peak at the cost of an increased zero-field peak, we suggest that this result may constitute a fundamental low-field limit of magnetic resonance in carrier-pair-based systems. OLEDs offer an alternative solid-state platform to investigate the radical-pair mechanism of magnetic-field effects in photochemical reactions, allowing models of biological magnetoreception to be tested by measuring spin decoherence directly in the time domain by pulsed experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Milster
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Grünbaum
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bange
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kurrmann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Kraus
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dani M Stoltzfus
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Anna E Leung
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Tamim A Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Christoph Boehme
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - John M Lupton
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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32
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Milster S, Grünbaum T, Bange S, Kurrmann S, Kraus H, Stoltzfus DM, Leung AE, Darwish TA, Burn PL, Boehme C, Lupton JM. Perdeuterated Conjugated Polymers for Ultralow‐Frequency Magnetic Resonance of OLEDs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Milster
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Tobias Grünbaum
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Bange
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Simon Kurrmann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Hermann Kraus
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Dani M. Stoltzfus
- Centre for Organic Photonics & ElectronicsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Anna E. Leung
- National Deuteration FacilityAustralian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO) Locked Bag 2001 Kirrawee DC NSW 2232 Australia
| | - Tamim A. Darwish
- National Deuteration FacilityAustralian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO) Locked Bag 2001 Kirrawee DC NSW 2232 Australia
| | - Paul L. Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & ElectronicsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Christoph Boehme
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Utah 115 South 1400 East Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - John M. Lupton
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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33
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Pham MT, Amerling E, Luong HM, Pham HT, Larsen GK, Whittaker-Brooks L, Nguyen TD. Origin of Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling in 2D and 3D Lead Iodide Perovskites. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4964. [PMID: 32188917 PMCID: PMC7080819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied spin dynamics of charge carriers in the superlattice-like Ruddlesden-Popper hybrid lead iodide perovskite semiconductors, 2D (BA)2(MA)Pb2I7 (with MA = CH3NH3, and BA = CH3(CH2)3NH3), and 3D MAPbI3 using the magnetic field effect (MFE) on conductivity and electroluminescence in their light emitting diodes (LEDs) at cryogenic temperatures. The semiconductors with distinct structural/bulk inversion symmetry breaking, when combined with colossal intrinsic spin-orbit coupling (SOC), theoretically give rise to giant Rashba-type SOC. We found that the magneto-conductance (MC) magnitude increases monotonically with the emission intensity and saturates at ≈0.05% and 0.11% for the MAPbI3 and (BA)2(MA)Pb2I7, respectively. The magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) response with similar line shapes as the MC response has a significantly larger magnitude, and essentially stays constant at ≈0.22% and ≈0.20% for MAPbI3 and (BA)2(MA)Pb2I7, respectively. The sign and magnitude of the MC and MEL responses can be quantitatively explained in the framework of the Δg-based excitonic model using rate equations. Remarkably, the width of the MEL response in those materials linearly increases with increasing the applied electric field, where the Rashba coefficient in (BA)2(MA)Pb2I7 is estimated to be about 7 times larger than that in MAPbI3. Our studies might have significant impact on future development of electrically-controlled spin logic devices via Rashba-like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh T Pham
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Eric Amerling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Hoang M Luong
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Huy T Pham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Ha Dong, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - George K Larsen
- National Security Directorate, Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, 29808, USA
| | | | - Tho D Nguyen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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34
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Schweicher G, Garbay G, Jouclas R, Vibert F, Devaux F, Geerts YH. Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead-End or Bright Future? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905909. [PMID: 31965662 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic electronics has been prolific in the last couple of years, leading to the design and synthesis of several molecular semiconductors presenting a mobility in excess of 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 . However, it is also started to recently falter, as a result of doubtful mobility extractions and reduced industrial interest. This critical review addresses the community of chemists and materials scientists to share with it a critical analysis of the best performing molecular semiconductors and of the inherent charge transport physics that takes place in them. The goal is to inspire chemists and materials scientists and to give them hope that the field of molecular semiconductors for logic operations is not engaged into a dead end. To the contrary, it offers plenty of research opportunities in materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Guillaume Garbay
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Rémy Jouclas
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - François Vibert
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Félix Devaux
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Yves H Geerts
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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35
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Groesbeck M, Liu H, Kavand M, Lafalce E, Wang J, Pan X, Tennahewa TH, Popli H, Malissa H, Boehme C, Vardeny ZV. Separation of Spin and Charge Transport in Pristine π-Conjugated Polymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:067702. [PMID: 32109121 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.067702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have experimentally tested whether spin-transport and charge-transport in pristine π-conjugated polymer films at room temperature occur via the same electronic processes. We have obtained the spin diffusion coefficient of several π-conjugated polymer films from the spin diffusion length measured by the technique of inverse spin Hall effect and the spin relaxation time measured by pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The charge diffusion coefficient was obtained from the time-of-flight mobility measurements on the same films. We found that the spin diffusion coefficient is larger than the charge diffusion coefficient by about 1-2 orders of magnitude and conclude that spin and charge transports in disordered polymer films occur through different electronic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Groesbeck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Haoliang Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Marzieh Kavand
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Evan Lafalce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jingying Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | | | - Henna Popli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Hans Malissa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Christoph Boehme
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Z Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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36
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Nikiforov D, Khachatryan B, Tessler N, Ehrenfreund E. Effects of fast back-fusion of charge transfer excimers on magneto-photocurrent in organic light emitting diodes. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:034707. [PMID: 31968974 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the magnetic field dependence of the magneto-photocurrent (MPC) in organic light emitting diodes made of homo-polymer organic layers and compare it to the measured magneto-conductance (MC) in the same diodes. We find that the response MPC(B) is very different from MC(B) in at least two respects. (a) The low field (B < 50 mT) response of MPC(B) is narrower by a factor of ∼5 from that of MC(B). (b) At high fields (B > 4 T), MPC(B) has a stronger dependence on B, d(MPC)/dB ∼ 5d(MC)/dB. We attribute these differences to a unique feature of charge transfer excimers that are responsible for MPC: sub-ns fast fusion back to singlet excitons and slow (ns to μs) dissociation to free charges. In contrast, MC(B) is determined by long lived (>10 ns) polaron pairs having singlet and triplet dissociation rates of the same order.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nikiforov
- Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - B Khachatryan
- Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - N Tessler
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - E Ehrenfreund
- Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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37
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Li T, Xu L, Xiao X, Chen F, Cao L, Wu W, Tong W, Zhang F. Enhanced Spin Transport of Conjugated Polymer in the Semiconductor/Insulating Polymer Blend. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:2708-2716. [PMID: 31894693 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are of high potential in the development of spintronic devices. In this paper, we report systematic studies on spin transport properties of a semiconducting polymer PBDTTT-C-T in the permalloy/polymer/Pt trilayer using the spin pumping method. Pure spin current with long spin relaxation time is observed via the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) measurements. Furthermore, spin current is also found to propagate through the blend film consisting of a small amount of PBDTTT-C-T in an insulating matrix. The polymer blend exhibits a remarkably enhanced spin relaxation length (56 nm) and carrier mobility compared to pristine PBDTTT-C-T. From film microstructural characterizations, we propose that the enhanced spin/carrier transport properties are attributed to the formation of interlinked nanonetwork comprising of the PBDTTT-C-T chain bundles in the inert matrix to afford efficient intrachain charge conduction pathway. Temperature- dependent ISHE measurements support the spin-orbit coupling dominated spin relaxation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Liqiang Xu
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Xuhua Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Feng Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
| | - Liang Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Wei Tong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
| | - Fapei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
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38
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Li F, Ding J, Yu W, Guan X, Wang P, Wu D, Wu T. Light-Enhanced Spin Diffusion in Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films and Single Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3205-3213. [PMID: 31859473 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organolead trihalide perovskites have attracted substantial interest with regard to applications in charge-based photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices because of their low processing costs and remarkable light absorption and charge transport properties. Although spin is an intrinsic quantum descriptor of a particle and spintronics has been a central research theme in condensed matter physics, few studies have explored the spin degree of freedom in the emerging hybrid perovskites. Here, we report the characterization of a spin valve that uses hybrid perovskite films as the spin-transporting medium between two ferromagnetic electrodes. Because of the light-responsive nature of the hybrid perovskite, a high magnetoresistance of 97% and a large spin-diffusion length of 81 nm were achieved at 10 K under light illumination in polycrystalline films. Furthermore, by using thin perovskite single crystals, we discovered that the spin-diffusion length was able to reach 1 μm at low temperatures. Our results indicate that the spin relaxation is not significant as previously expected in such lead-containing materials and demonstrate the potential of low-temperature-processed hybrid perovskites as new active materials in spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Materials Science and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
- College of Physical Science and Technology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Ding
- Materials Science and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Weili Yu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Changchun 130033 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Peng Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics , Nanjing University , 22 Hankou Road , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics , Nanjing University , 22 Hankou Road , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
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39
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Hu GQ, Li EC, Zhang HH, Huang W. Ag(i)-Mediated hydrogen isotope exchange of mono-fluorinated (hetero)arenes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6627-6633. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach to install deuterium into mono-fluorinated (hetero)arenes by a Ag2CO3/Sphos-mediated HIE protocol with D2O as the deuterium source has been disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - En-Ci Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
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40
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Grünbaum T, Milster S, Kraus H, Ratzke W, Kurrmann S, Zeller V, Bange S, Boehme C, Lupton JM. OLEDs as models for bird magnetoception: detecting electron spin resonance in geomagnetic fields. Faraday Discuss 2019; 221:92-109. [PMID: 31553007 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Certain species of living creatures are known to orientate themselves in the geomagnetic field. Given the small magnitude of approximately 48 μT, the underlying quantum mechanical phenomena are expected to exhibit coherence times in the microsecond regime. In this contribution, we show the sensitivity of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to magnetic fields far below Earth's magnetic field, suggesting that coherence times of the spins of charge-carrier pairs in these devices can be similarly long. By electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments, a lower bound for the coherence time can be assessed directly. Moreover, this technique offers the possibility to determine the distribution of hyperfine fields within the organic semiconductor layer. We extend this technique to a material system exhibiting both fluorescence and phosphorescence, demonstrating stable anticorrelation between optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectra in the singlet (fluorescence) and triplet (phosphorescence) channels. The experiments demonstrate the extreme sensitivity of OLEDs to both static as well as dynamic magnetic fields and suggest that coherent spin precession processes of coulombically bound electron-spin pairs may play a crucial role in the magnetoreceptive ability of living creatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Grünbaum
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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41
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Yuan P, Guo X, Qiao X, Ma D. Correlated magnetic field effects on carriers and excitons in single-carrier exciplex-based organic photodiodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:26413-26419. [PMID: 31774087 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic field effects in nonmagnetic organic semiconductors (OMFEs) are attracting increasing attention because of the fingerprint characteristics of their line shapes when they are used to analyze the dynamic processes of organic photodiodes. However, the origin and correlation of OMFEs on carriers and excitons are currently still major challenges for researchers. In this study, we strategically designed exciplex-based single-carrier devices to effectively separate carriers and excitons and investigate their OMFEs and relationships. It is found that the obvious positive magneto-conductance (MC) with illumination is not only related to the formation of charge transfer state (CT) excitons, but is also caused by the secondary recombination process between dissociated carriers from the photo-generated excitons and the injected carriers. Moreover, a negative MC appears under dark conditions, reflecting the intrinsic magnetic field effects on carrier transport. The relationships of the OMFEs with the excitons and carriers were further studied by measuring the incident-wavelength dependent photo-induced MC and the magneto-photoluminescence (MPL) of the exciplex films. The two films show similar amplitude-dependent curves, which are contributed by their donor-acceptor absorption properties. Moreover, the strong triplet-polaron annihilation (TPA) processes exhibited in this device afford different amplitude-dependent photo-induced MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisen Yuan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
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42
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Wang M, Huang YH, Lin KS, Yeh TH, Duan J, Ko TY, Liu SW, Wong KT, Hu B. Revealing the Cooperative Relationship between Spin, Energy, and Polarization Parameters toward Developing High-Efficiency Exciplex Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904114. [PMID: 31566271 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies to reveal the cooperative relationship between spin, energy, and polarization through intermolecular charge-transfer dipoles to harvest nonradiative triplets into radiative singlets in exciplex light-emitting diodes are reported. Magneto-photoluminescence studies reveal that the triplet-to-singlet conversion in exciplexes involves an artificially generated spin-orbital coupling (SOC). The photoinduced electron parametric resonance measurements indicate that the intermolecular charge-transfer occurs with forming electric dipoles (D+• →A-• ), providing the ionic polarization to generate SOC in exciplexes. By having different singlet-triplet energy differences (ΔEST ) in 9,9'-diphenyl-9H,9'H-3,3'-bicarbazole (BCzPh):3',3'″,3'″″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(([1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carbonitrile)) (CN-T2T) (ΔEST = 30 meV) and BCzPh:bis-4,6-(3,5-di-3-pyridylphenyl)-2-methyl-pyrimidine (B3PYMPM) (ΔEST = 130 meV) exciplexes, the SOC generated by the intermolecular charge-transfer states shows large and small values (reflected by different internal magnetic parameters: 274 vs 17 mT) with high and low external quantum efficiency maximum, EQEmax (21.05% vs 4.89%), respectively. To further explore the cooperative relationship of spin, energy, and polarization parameters, different photoluminescence wavelengths are selected to concurrently change SOC, ΔEST , and polarization while monitoring delayed fluorescence. When the electron clouds become more deformed at a longer emitting wavelength due to reduced dipole (D+• →A-• ) size, enhanced SOC, increased orbital polarization, and decreased ΔEST can simultaneously occur to cooperatively operate the triplet-to-singlet conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaosheng Wang
- Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Siang Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Yeh
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Jiashun Duan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tzu-Yu Ko
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Wei Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bin Hu
- Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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43
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Tian Q, Xie S. Spin Injection and Transport in Organic Materials. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10090596. [PMID: 31510018 PMCID: PMC6780273 DOI: 10.3390/mi10090596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review introduces some important spin phenomena of organic molecules and solids and their devices: Organic spin injection and transport, organic spin valves, organic magnetic field effects, organic excited ferromagnetism, organic spin currents, etc. We summarize the experimental and theoretical progress of organic spintronics in recent years and give prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Tian
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Shijie Xie
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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44
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Liu W, Zhao LL, Melaimi M, Cao L, Xu X, Bouffard J, Bertrand G, Yan X. Mesoionic Carbene (MIC)-Catalyzed H/D Exchange at Formyl Groups. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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45
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Yang W, Shi Q, Miao T, Li Q, Cai P, Liu H, Lin H, Bai Y, Zhu Y, Yu Y, Deng L, Wang W, Yin L, Sun D, Zhang XG, Shen J. Achieving large and nonvolatile tunable magnetoresistance in organic spin valves using electronic phase separated manganites. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3877. [PMID: 31462635 PMCID: PMC6713754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailoring molecular spinterface between novel magnetic materials and organic semiconductors offers promise to achieve high spin injection efficiency. Yet it has been challenging to achieve simultaneously a high and nonvolatile control of magnetoresistance effect in organic spintronic devices. To date, the largest magnetoresistance (~300% at T = 10 K) has been reached in tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3)-based organic spin valves (OSVs) using La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 as a magnetic electrode. Here we demonstrate that one type of perovskite manganites, i.e., a (La2/3Pr1/3)5/8Ca3/8MnO3 thin film with pronounced electronic phase separation (EPS), can be used in Alq3-based OSVs to achieve a large magnetoresistance (MR) up to 440% at T = 10 K and a typical electrical Hanle effect as the Hallmark of the spin injection. The contactless magnetic field-controlled EPS enables us to achieve a nonvolatile tunable MR response persisting up to 120 K. Our study suggests a new route to design high performance multifunctional OSV devices using electronic phase separated manganites. Organic materials hold great potential of for spintronic applications. Here the authors show electronic phase dependent magnetoresistance (MR) effect in LPCMO/Alq3/Co junctions with large MR up to 440% at 10 K as well as electrical Hanle effect as the Hallmark of the spin injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanxuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Nanoelectronics Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Nanoelectronics Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Dali Sun
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - X-G Zhang
- Department of Physics and the Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China. .,Institute for Nanoelectronics Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
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46
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Liu X, Chanana A, Liu H, Wang J, Kwon O, Choi B, Kim S, Vardeny ZV. Magneto-Electroluminescence Study of Fringe Field in "Magnetic" Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30072-30078. [PMID: 31339685 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) represents the electroluminescence intensity change upon application of an external magnetic field. We show that the MEL field response in "magnetic" organic light-emitting diodes, where one electrode is ferromagnetic (FM), is a powerful technique for measuring the induced fringe field, B⃗F, from the FM electrode in the organic layer. We found that the in-plane fringe field, B⃗F∥, from 3 nm Co and Ni80Fe20 FM electrodes is proportional to the applied field, B⃗∥. The fringe field of the 3 nm Ni80Fe20 film was also investigated for an applied out-of-plane magnetic field, B⃗⊥. We found that the out-of-plane fringe field has two components: a component that is parallel or antiparallel to B⃗⊥ and remains unchanged with the distance, d, from the FM electrode and the other component that is highly inhomogeneous, parallel to the surface, and steeply decreases with d. We show that the obtained B⃗F is independent of the underlying mechanism for the MEL(B) response and thus may be considered universal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ohyun Kwon
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. , 130, Samsung-Ro , Youngtong-Gu, Suwon-Si 16678 , Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungki Choi
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. , 130, Samsung-Ro , Youngtong-Gu, Suwon-Si 16678 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghan Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. , 130, Samsung-Ro , Youngtong-Gu, Suwon-Si 16678 , Republic of Korea
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47
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Li D, Wang X, Lin Z, Zheng Y, Jiang Q, Zheng N, Zhang W, Jin KJ, Yu G. Tuning Charge Carrier and Spin Transport Properties via Structural Modification of Polymer Semiconductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30089-30097. [PMID: 31342737 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Targeted design of organic semiconductors in organic spintronics is relatively limited. Therefore, four conjugated polymers with analogous structures based on isoindigo (IID) units were designed and synthesized to investigate the structure-property relationships in spin and charge carrier transport. Structural design strategies include introduction of pyridinic nitrogen atoms into IID units to change electronic structures and alteration of different branching points of alkyl chains to adjust the aggregation structure. By fabricating polymer field-effect transistors (PFETs) and organic spin valves (OSVs), all of the polymers exhibited good ambipolar field-effect properties (all of the mobilities exceeding 0.3 cm2 V-1 s-1) and relatively high magnetoresistance (MR) values (maximum up to 25%). Most importantly, it is found that the introduction of pyridinic nitrogen into the IID units can improve MR values of OSVs and electron mobilities of PFETs, whereas the extension of alkyl chain branching points can reduce MR values of the conjugated polymers. This work is the first attempt to thoroughly study the structure-property relationship in the OSVs, combined with molecular design of the conjugated polymers, which provides a guideline for molecular engineering, especially for organic spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , P. R. China
| | - Zuzhang Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yuanhui Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qianqing Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Naihang Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Kui-Juan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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48
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Li EC, Hu GQ, Zhu YX, Zhang HH, Shen K, Hang XC, Zhang C, Huang W. Ag2CO3-Catalyzed H/D Exchange of Five-Membered Heteroarenes at Ambient Temperature. Org Lett 2019; 21:6745-6749. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- En-Ci Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Kang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
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49
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Zhu M, Yuan X, Ni G. Magneto-Electroluminescence in ITO/MEH-PPV:PEO:LiCF 3SO 3/Al Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E546. [PMID: 31426537 PMCID: PMC6723417 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic field effects (MFE) have been extensively studied in organic light emitting diodes because of their potential application in organic spintronics devices. However, only a few studies on MFE in organic light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEC) have been reported. In this paper, magnetic field effects on the electroluminescence of an LEC device with the structure of ITO/MEH-PPV:PEO:LiCF3SO3/Al were studied at various temperatures. The luminance-current-voltage curves of the device shows the typical bi-polar characteristics of LECs; positive magnetic electroluminescence (MEL) was observed with a value of about 2.5% (B = 42 mT, 250 K), showing a Lorentzian line shape. With a decrease in temperature, the MEL value and the threshold voltage increased accordingly, below the possible mechanism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingpeng Zhu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xueting Yuan
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gang Ni
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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50
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Hu Y, Tang X, Pan R, Deng J, Zhu H, Xiong Z. Spin-pair state-induced exceptional magnetic field responses from a thermally activated delayed fluorescence-assisted fluorescent material doping system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17673-17686. [PMID: 31364625 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01201j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(3,6-diphenylcarbazol-9-yl)-1,4-dicyanobenzene (4CzTPN-Ph) and the conventional fluorescent dopant 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-tert-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidin-4-yl-vinyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB) were used to co-dope the host material 4,4'-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP) for the fabrication of TADF-assisted fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Some exceptional magnetic field effect (MFE) curves with abundant structures and four tunable components within a low magnetic field range (≤50 mT) were obtained, in sharp contrast to the maximum of two components observed in typical OLEDs. These MFE components were easily tuned by the injection current, dopant concentration, working temperature, and dopant energy gap, leading to a wide variety of MFE curve line shapes. The experimental results are attributed to the spin-pair state inter-conversions occurring in the device, including intersystem crossing (ISC) of CBP polaron pairs, ISC of 4CzTPN-Ph polaron pairs, reverse ISC (RISC) of 4CzTPN-Ph excitons, RISC of DCJTB polaron pairs, DCJTB triplet fusion, and DCJTB triplet-charge annihilation. Moreover, the exciton energy transfer processes among the host material and the guest dopants had a pronounced impact on the formation of these four components. This work gives a deeper understanding of the microscopic mechanisms of TADF-based co-doped systems for the further development of organic magnetic field effects in the extensive field of OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqian Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
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