1
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Lai YF, Leung L, Timm MJ, Walker GC, Polanyi JC. Abortive reaction leads to selective adsorbate rotation. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 38808590 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Electron-induced dissociation of a fluorocarbon adsorbate CF3 (ad) at 4.6 K is shown by Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM) to form directed energetic F-atom 'projectiles' on Cu(110). The outcome of a collision between these directed projectiles and stationary co-adsorbed allyl 'target' molecules was found through STM to give rotational excitation of the target allyl, clockwise or anti-clockwise, depending on the chosen collision geometry. Molecular dynamics computation linked the collisional excitation of the allyl target to an 'abortive chemical reaction', in which the approach of the F-projectile stretched an H-C bond lifting the allyl above the surface, facilitating isomerization from 'Across' to 'Along' a Cu row.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Lai
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Lydie Leung
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Matthew J Timm
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gilbert C Walker
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - John C Polanyi
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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2
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Cong D, Sun J, Pan Y, Fang X, Yang L, Zhou W, Yu T, Li Z, Liu C, Deng WQ. Hydrogen-Bond-Network Breakdown Boosts Selective CO 2 Photoreduction by Suppressing H 2 Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316991. [PMID: 38520357 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Conventional strategies for highly efficient and selective CO2 photoreduction focus on the design of catalysts and cocatalysts. In this study, we discover that hydrogen bond network breakdown in reaction system can suppress H2 evolution, thereby improving CO2 photoreduction performance. Photosensitive poly(ionic liquid)s are designed as photocatalysts owing to their strong hydrogen bonding with solvents. The hydrogen bond strength is tuned by solvent composition, thereby effectively regulating H2 evolution (from 0 to 12.6 mmol g-1 h-1). No H2 is detected after hydrogen bond network breakdown with trichloromethane or tetrachloromethane as additives. CO production rate and selectivity increase to 35.4 mmol g-1 h-1 and 98.9 % with trichloromethane, compared with 0.6 mmol g-1 h-1 and 26.2 %, respectively, without trichloromethane. Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations confirm that trichloromethane broke the systemic hydrogen bond network and subsequently suppressed H2 evolution. This hydrogen bond network breakdown strategy may be extended to other catalytic reactions involving H2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Cong
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jikai Sun
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yuwei Pan
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xu Fang
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Tie Yu
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wei-Qiao Deng
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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3
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Lin Y, Li J, Liang X, Hu T, Huang Z, Zhu Z, Diao M, Zhao X, Peng Z, Wang Y, Chen Q, Liu J, Wu K. Steering Electron-Induced Surface Reaction via a Molecular Assembly Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10150-10158. [PMID: 38557061 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Electrons not only serve as a "reactant" in redox reactions but also play a role in "catalyzing" some chemical processes. Despite the significance and ubiquitousness of electron-induced chemistry, many related scientific issues still await further exploration, among which is the impact of molecular assembly. In this work, microscopic insights into the vital role of molecular assembly in tweaking the electron-induced surface chemistry are unfolded by combined scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory studies. It is shown that the selective dissociation of a C-Cl bond in 4,4″-dichloro-1,1':3',1''-terphenyl (DCTP) on Cu(111) can be efficiently triggered by an electron injection via the STM tip into the unoccupied molecular orbital. The DCTP molecules are embedded in different assembly structures, including its self-assembly and coassemblies with Br adatoms. The energy threshold for the C-Cl bond cleavage increases as more Br adatoms stay close to the molecule, indicative of the sensitive response of the electron-induced surface reactivity of the C-Cl bond to the subtle change in the molecular assembly. Such a phenomenon is rationalized by the energy shift of the involved unoccupied molecular orbital of DCTP that is embedded in different assemblies. These findings shed new light on the tuning effect of molecular assembly on electron-induced reactions and introduce an efficient approach to precisely steer surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Lin
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liang
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ting Hu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhichao Huang
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengxiao Diao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinwei Zhao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhantao Peng
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Liu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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4
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Farha TD, Kim S, Imayasu M, Miyawaki A, Tsutsui H. Reverse pH-dependent fluorescence protein visualizes pattern of interfacial proton dynamics during hydrogen evolution reaction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17489. [PMID: 37840037 PMCID: PMC10577132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reverse pH-dependent fluorescent protein, including dKeima, is a type of fluorescent protein in which the chromophore protonation state depends inversely on external pH. The dependence is maintained even when immobilized at the metal-solution interface. But, interestingly, its responses to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the interface are not reversed: HER rises the pH of the solution around the cathode, but, highly active HER induces chromophore deprotonation regardless of the reverse pH dependence, reflecting an interface-specific deprotonation effect by HER. Here, we exploit this phenomenon to perform scanning-less, real-time visualization of interfacial proton dynamics during HER at a wide field of view. By using dKeima, the HER-driven deprotonation effect was well discriminated from the solution pH effect. In the electrodes of composite structures with a catalyst, dKeima visualized keen dependence of the proton depletion pattern on the electrode configuration. In addition, propagations of optical signals were observed, which seemingly reflect long-range proton hopping confined to the metal-solution interface. Thus, reverse pH-dependent fluorescent proteins provide a unique tool for spatiotemporal analysis of interfacial proton dynamics, which is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the HER process and ultimately to the safe and efficient production of molecular hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Diba Farha
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Samyoung Kim
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Mieko Imayasu
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tsutsui
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan.
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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5
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Zheng X, Drummer MC, He H, Rayder TM, Niklas J, Weingartz NP, Bolotin IL, Singh V, Kramar BV, Chen LX, Hupp JT, Poluektov OG, Farha OK, Zapol P, Glusac KD. Photoreactive Carbon Dioxide Capture by a Zirconium-Nanographene Metal-Organic Framework. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4334-4341. [PMID: 37133894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of photochemical CO2 reduction to formate by PCN-136, a Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF) that incorporates light-harvesting nanographene ligands, has been investigated using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The catalysis was found to proceed via a "photoreactive capture" mechanism, where Zr-based nodes serve to capture CO2 in the form of Zr-bicarbonates, while the nanographene ligands have a dual role of absorbing light and storing one-electron equivalents for catalysis. We also find that the process occurs via a "two-for-one" route, where a single photon initiates a cascade of electron/hydrogen atom transfers from the sacrificial donor to the CO2-bound MOF. The mechanistic findings obtained here illustrate several advantages of MOF-based architectures in molecular photocatalyst engineering and provide insights on ways to achieve high formate selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Matthew C Drummer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Haiying He
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, United States
| | - Thomas M Rayder
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nicholas P Weingartz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Igor L Bolotin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Varun Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Boris V Kramar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Peter Zapol
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ksenija D Glusac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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6
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Ma X, Shi Y, Liu J, Li X, Cui X, Tan S, Zhao J, Wang B. Hydrogen-Bond Network Promotes Water Splitting on the TiO 2 Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13565-13573. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yongliang Shi
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum Systems, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jianyi Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xuefeng Cui
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Shijing Tan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- ICQD/Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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7
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Guo J, Jiang Y. Submolecular Insights into Interfacial Water by Hydrogen-Sensitive Scanning Probe Microscopy. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1680-1692. [PMID: 35678704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusWater-solid interfaces have attracted extensive attention because of their crucial roles in a wide range of chemical and physical processes, such as ice nucleation and growth, dissolution, corrosion, heterogeneous catalysis, and electrochemistry. To understand these processes, enormous efforts have been made to obtain a molecular-level understanding of the structure and dynamics of water on various solid surfaces. By the use of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), many remarkable structures of H-bonding networks have been directly visualized, significantly advancing our understanding of the delicate competition between water-water and water-solid interactions. Moreover, the detailed dynamics of water molecules, such as diffusion, clustering, dissociation, and intermolecular and intramolecular proton transfer, have been investigated in a well-controlled manner by tip manipulation. However, resolving the submolecular structure of surface water has remained a great challenge for a long time because of the small size and light mass of protons. Discerning the position of hydrogen in water is not only crucial for the accurate determination of the structure of H-bonding networks but also indispensable in probing the proton transfer dynamics and the quantum nature of protons.In this Account, we focus on the recent advances in the H-sensitive SPM technique and its applications in probing the structures, dynamics, and nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) of surface water and ion hydrates at the submolecular level. First, we introduce the development of high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) and qPlus-based atomic force microscopy (qPlus-AFM), which allow access to the degrees of freedom of protons in both real and energy space. qPlus-AFM even allows imaging of interfacial water in a weakly perturbative manner by measuring the high-order electrostatic force between the CO-terminated tip and the polar water molecule, which enables the subtle difference of OH directionality to be discerned. Next we showcase the applications of H-sensitive STM/AFM in addressing several key issues related to water-solid interfaces. The surface wetting behavior and the H-bonding structure of low-dimensional ice on various hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid surfaces are characterized at the atomic scale. Then we discuss the quantitative assessment of NQEs of surface water, including proton tunneling and quantum delocalization. Moreover, the weakly perturbative and H-sensitive SPM technique can be also extended to investigations of water-ion interactions on solid surfaces, revealing the effect of hydration structure on the interfacial ion transport. Finally, we provide an outlook on the further directions and challenges for SPM studies of water-solid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.,Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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8
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Sun Y, Shi H, Yuan H, Li Z, Zhang J, Zhou D, Li Z, Shao X. Unveiling the Atomic Structure and Growth Dynamics of One-Dimensional Water on ZnO(10-10). J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1554-1562. [PMID: 35137584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption and organization state of water on the metal oxide surface is of critical importance for wide fields where interface chemistry dominates. On the technically important ZnO(10-10) surface, we found water assembles into an one-dimensional (1D) chain structure at submonolayer coverage instead of the well-known half-dissociated two-dimensional (2D) island. With a combination of high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we clearly distinguished the single and double water chains, which are composed of dissociated monomers and half-dissociated dimers, respectively. Moreover, we unambiguously determined that single water molecules dissociate spontaneously before agglomerating into ordered phase, which is contrary to the proposition of previous studies. These results have deepened our understandings of the adsorbed water species on the ZnO surface, which may bring new insights into the mechanisms of water-stimulated surface reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuniu Sun
- Department of Chemical Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Chemical Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- HFNL, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiefu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Department of Chemical Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- HFNL, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiang Shao
- Department of Chemical Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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9
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Su HY, Sun K, Gu XK, Wang SS, Zhu J, Li WX, Sun C, Calle-Vallejo F. Finding Key Factors for Efficient Water and Methanol Activation at Metals, Oxides, MXenes, and Metal/Oxide Interfaces. ACS Catal 2022; 12:1237-1246. [PMID: 35096469 PMCID: PMC8788388 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Activating
water
and methanol is crucial in numerous catalytic,
electrocatalytic, and photocatalytic reactions. Despite extensive
research, the optimal active sites for water/methanol activation are
yet to be unequivocally elucidated. Here, we combine transition-state
searches and electronic charge analyses on various structurally different
materials to identify two features of favorable O–H bond cleavage
in H2O, CH3OH, and hydroxyl: (1) low barriers
appear when the charge of H moieties remains approximately constant
during the dissociation process, as observed on metal oxides, MXenes,
and metal/oxide interfaces. Such favorable kinetics is closely related
to adsorbate/substrate hydrogen bonding and is enhanced by nearly
linear O–H–O angles and short O–H distances.
(2) Fast dissociation is observed when the rotation of O–H
bonds is facile, which is favored by weak adsorbate binding and effective
orbital overlap. Interestingly, we find that the two features are
energetically proportional. Finally, we find conspicuous differences
between H2O/CH3OH and OH activation, which hints
toward the use of carefully engineered interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Su
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Keju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, 438 Hebei Avenue, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiang-Kui Gu
- Department of Chemical Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Chemical Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei-Xue Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chenghua Sun
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Physics & Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Leung L, Timm MJ, Polanyi JC. Reversible 1D chain-reaction gives rise to an atomic-scale Newton's cradle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12647-12650. [PMID: 34766176 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05378g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An F-atom with ∼1 eV translational energy was aimed at a line of fluorocarbon adsorbates on Cu(110). Sequential 'knock-on' of F-atom products was observed by STM to propagate along the 1D fluorocarbon line. Hot F-atoms travelling along the line in six successive 'to-and-fro' cycles paralleled the rocking of a macroscopic Newton's cradle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Leung
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Matthew J Timm
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - John C Polanyi
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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11
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Timm MJ, Leung L, Polanyi JC. Direct Observation of Knock-on in Surface Reactions at Zero Impact Parameter. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12644-12649. [PMID: 34370480 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reaction dynamics examines molecular motions in reactive collisions. The aiming of reagents at one another has been achieved at selected miss distances (impact parameters, b) by using the corrugations on crystalline surfaces as collimator. Prior experimental work and ab initio calculation showed single atoms aimed at chemisorbed molecules with b = 0 gave knock-on of atomic reaction products through a linear transition state. Here we report a study of b = 0 collision between directed CF2 and stationary chemisorbed CF3. Experiments and ab initio calculations again show linear reaction with a linear transition state, despite the additional degrees of freedom for CF2. The directed motion of CF2 is conserved through this linear transition state. Conservation of directionality is evidenced experimentally by the observation of a knock-on chain reaction along a line of chemisorbed CF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Timm
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Lydie Leung
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - John C Polanyi
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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12
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Timm MJ, Leung L, Anggara K, Polanyi JC. Direct observation of knock-on reaction with umbrella inversion arising from zero-impact-parameter collision at a surface. Commun Chem 2021; 4:14. [PMID: 36697691 PMCID: PMC9814886 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Surface-Aligned-Reactions (SAR), the degrees of freedom of chemical reactions are restricted and therefore the reaction outcome is selected. Using the inherent corrugation of a Cu(110) substrate the adsorbate molecules can be positioned and aligned and the impact parameter, the collision miss-distance, can be chosen. Here, substitution reaction for a zero impact parameter collision gives an outcome which resembles the classic Newton's cradle in which an incident mass 'knocks-on' the same mass in the collision partner, here F + CF3 → (CF3)' + (F)' at a copper surface. The mechanism of knock-on was shown by Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy to involve reversal of the CF3 umbrella as in Walden inversion, with ejection of (F)' product along the continuation of the F-reagent direction of motion, in collinear reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Timm
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Lydie Leung
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kelvin Anggara
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - John C. Polanyi
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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13
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Liu J, Gao Y, Wang T, Xue Q, Hua M, Wang Y, Huang L, Lin N. Collective Spin Manipulation in Antiferroelastic Spin-Crossover Metallo-Supramolecular Chains. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11283-11293. [PMID: 32790285 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coupled spin-crossover complexes in supramolecular systems feature rich spin phases that can exhibit collective behaviors. Here, we report on a molecular-level exploration of the spin phase and collective spin-crossover dynamics in metallo-supramolecular chains. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, we identify an antiferroelastic phase in the metal-organic chains, where the Ni atoms coordinated by deprotonated tetrahydroxybenzene linkers on Au(111) are at a low-spin (S = 0) or a high-spin (S = 1) state alternately along the chains. We demonstrate that the spin phase is stabilized by the combined effects of intrachain interactions and substrate commensurability. The stability of the antiferroelastic structure drives the collective spin-state switching of multiple Ni atoms in the same chain in response to electron/hole tunneling to a Ni atom via a domino-like magnetostructural relaxation process. These results provide insights into the magnetostructural dynamics of the supramolecular structures, offering a route toward their spintronic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Quantum State of Matter, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Gao
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Muqing Hua
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Division of Quantum State of Matter, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Comtet J, Grosjean B, Glushkov E, Avsar A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Vuilleumier R, Bocquet ML, Radenovic A. Direct observation of water-mediated single-proton transport between hBN surface defects. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:598-604. [PMID: 32451503 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous proton transport at interfaces is ubiquitous and crucial for a number of fields, ranging from cellular transport and signalling, to catalysis and membrane science. However, due to their light mass, small size and high chemical reactivity, uncovering the surface transport of single protons at room temperature and in an aqueous environment has so far remained out-of-reach of conventional atomic-scale surface science techniques, such as scanning tunnelling microscopy. Here, we use single-molecule localization microscopy to resolve optically the transport of individual excess protons at the interface of hexagonal boron nitride crystals and aqueous solutions at room temperature. Single excess proton trajectories are revealed by the successive protonation and activation of optically active defects at the surface of the crystal. Our observations demonstrate, at the single-molecule scale, that the solid/water interface provides a preferential pathway for lateral proton transport, with broad implications for molecular charge transport at liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Comtet
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Benoit Grosjean
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Evgenii Glushkov
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmet Avsar
- Electrical Engineering Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Rodolphe Vuilleumier
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bocquet
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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15
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Demir F, Dean K, Kirczenow G. Systematic study of low energy geometries of copper nano-junctions exposed to water and to species that can result from dissociation of water. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:355201. [PMID: 32126533 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab7c13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A detailed computational analysis has been performed, considering copper atomic contacts that are exposed directly to water molecules, hydroxyl groups, and monatomic as well as molecular hydrogen and oxygen species. The optimized physical bonding structure, electrical conductance and inelastic tunneling spectra (IETS) have been determined theoretically for moderately large structures by performing appropriateab initioand semi-empirical calculations. By considering the aforementioned properties, it has been possible to determine that some of the molecular bridging structures may be regarded as being highly-probable outcomes, resulting from the exposure of copper electrodes to the atomic/molecular contaminants. We specifically identify the conductance properties of a variety of configurations including examples with very high and very low conductance values. This is done in order to identify junction geometries that may be realized experimentally and their conductance and IETS signatures. By reporting geometries with very high and very low conductance values here, we intend to provide a wider perspective view than previous studies of copper-molecular junctions that have focused on high conductance structures. In addition, we explore the properties of metal junctions with multiple molecules, a class of systems for which little theoretical work has been available in the molecular electronics literature. We find that water molecules surrounding the junction can influence the bonding geometry of the molecules within the junction and consequently can affect strongly the calculated conductances of such junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firuz Demir
- Science Department, Spokane Community College, Spokane, WA, United States of America
| | - Kevin Dean
- Physics Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - George Kirczenow
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C, V5A 1S6, Canada
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16
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Wu R, Bao DL, Yan L, Wang Y, Ren J, Zhang YF, Huan Q, Zhang YY, Du S, Pantelides ST, Gao HJ. Direct Visualization of Hydrogen-Transfer Intermediate States by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1536-1541. [PMID: 32011142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen atoms bonded within molecular cavities often undergo tunneling or thermal-transfer processes that play major roles in diverse physical phenomena. Such transfers may or may not entail intermediate states. The existence of such fleeting states is typically determined by indirect means, while their direct visualization has not been achieved, largely because their concentrations under equilibrium conditions are negligible. Here we use density-functional-theory calculations and scanning-tunneling-microscopy (STM) image simulations to predict that, under specially designed nonequilibrium conditions of voltage-enhanced high transfer rates, the cis-intermediate of the two-hydrogen transfer process in metal-free naphthalocyanine molecules adsorbed on Ag(111) surfaces would be visualizable in a composite image of double-C morphology. As guided by the theoretical predictions, at adjusted scanning temperature and bias, STM experiments achieve a direct visualization of the cis-intermediate. This work demonstrates a practical way to directly visualize elusive intermediates, which enhances understanding of the quantum dynamics of hydrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongting Wu
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - De-Liang Bao
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Linghao Yan
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yeliang Wang
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Junhai Ren
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yan-Fang Zhang
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Qing Huan
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
- Key Laboratory for Vacuum Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Key Laboratory for Vacuum Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , China
| | - Sokrates T Pantelides
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Key Laboratory for Vacuum Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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17
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Tan S, Feng H, Zheng Q, Cui X, Zhao J, Luo Y, Yang J, Wang B, Hou JG. Interfacial Hydrogen-Bonding Dynamics in Surface-Facilitated Dehydrogenation of Water on TiO 2(110). J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:826-834. [PMID: 31842546 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular-level understanding of the dehydrogenation of interfacial water molecules on metal oxides and their interactive nature relies on the ability to track the motion of light and small hydrogen atoms, which is known to be difficult. Here, we report precise measurements of the surface-facilitated water dehydrogenation process at terminal Ti sites of TiO2(110) using scanning tunneling microscopy. Our measured hydrogen-bond dynamics of H2O and D2O reveal that the vibrational and electronic excitations dominate the sequential transfer of two H (D) atoms from a H2O (D2O) molecule to adjacent surface oxygen sites, manifesting the active participation of the oxide surface in the dehydrogenation processes. Our results show that, at the stoichiometric Ti5c sites, individual H2O molecules are energetically less stable than the dissociative form, where a barrier is expected to be as small as approximately 70-120 meV on the basis of our experimental and theoretical results. Moreover, our results reveal that interfacial hydrogen bonds can effectively assist H atom transfer and exchange across the surface. The revealed quantitative hydrogen-bond dynamics provide a new atomistic mechanism for water interactions on metal oxides in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics (CAS) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Hao Feng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics (CAS) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Qijing Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics (CAS) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Xuefeng Cui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics (CAS) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics (CAS) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics (CAS) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics (CAS) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics (CAS) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - J G Hou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics (CAS) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
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18
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Torimoto M, Ogo S, Hisai Y, Nakano N, Takahashi A, Ma Q, Seo JG, Tsuneki H, Norby T, Sekine Y. Support effects on catalysis of low temperature methane steam reforming. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26418-26424. [PMID: 35519772 PMCID: PMC9055425 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04717a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperature (<500 K) methane steam reforming in an electric field was investigated over various catalysts. To elucidate the factors governing catalytic activity, activity tests and various characterization methods were conducted over various oxides including CeO2, Nb2O5, and Ta2O5 as supports. Activities of Pd catalysts loaded on these oxides showed the order of CeO2 > Nb2O5 > Ta2O5. Surface proton conductivity has a key role for the activation of methane in an electric field. Proton hopping ability on the oxide surface was estimated using electrochemical impedance measurements. Proton transport ability on the oxide surface at 473 K was in the order of CeO2 > Nb2O5 > Ta2O5. The OH group amounts on the oxide surface were evaluated by measuring pyridine adsorption with and without H2O pretreatment. Results indicate that the surface OH group concentrations on the oxide surface were in the order of CeO2 > Nb2O5 > Ta2O5. These results demonstrate that the surface concentrations of OH groups are related to the proton hopping ability on the oxide surface. The concentrations reflect the catalytic activity of low-temperature methane steam reforming in the electric field. Low temperature (<500 K) methane steam reforming in an electric field was investigated over various catalysts.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Torimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Waseda University
- Shinjuku
- Japan
| | - Shuhei Ogo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Waseda University
- Shinjuku
- Japan
| | - Yudai Hisai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Waseda University
- Shinjuku
- Japan
| | - Naoya Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Waseda University
- Shinjuku
- Japan
| | - Ayako Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Waseda University
- Shinjuku
- Japan
| | - Quanbao Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- FERMiO
- Oslo
- Norway
| | - Jeong Gil Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 04763
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hideaki Tsuneki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Waseda University
- Shinjuku
- Japan
| | - Truls Norby
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- FERMiO
- Oslo
- Norway
| | - Yasushi Sekine
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Waseda University
- Shinjuku
- Japan
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19
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Park BW, Lee DU, Jung D, Yang WS, Oanh Vu TK, Shin TJ, Baik J, Hwang CC, Kim EK, Seok SI. Long-Term Chemical Aging of Hybrid Halide Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5604-5611. [PMID: 31306574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Because the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) could exceed 24%, extensive research has been focused on improving their long-term stability for commercialization in the near future. In a previous study, we reported that the addition of a number of ionized iodide (triiodide: I3-) ions during perovskite film formation significantly improved the efficiency of PSCs by reducing deep-level defects in the perovskite layer. Understanding the relationship between the concentration of these defects and the long-term chemical aging of PSCs is important not only for obtaining fundamental insight into the perovskite materials but also for studying the long-term chemical stability of PSCs. Herein we aim to identify the origin of the natural decay in PCE during long-term chemical aging of PSCs in the dark based on formamidinium lead triiodide by comparing the performance of control and low-defect (LD) devices. After aging for 200 days, the change in the PCE of the LD devices (1.3%) was found to be half that of the control devices (2.6%). We investigated this difference using grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, deep-level transient spectroscopy, scanning photoelectron microscopy, and high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy. The addition of I3- was found to reduce the amounts of hydroxide and Ox in the halide perovskites (HPs), affecting the migration of defects and the structural transformation of the HPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Wook Park
- Perovtronics Research Center, Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Lee
- NAND Product Engineering Group , SK hynix Inc. , Icheon 17336 , Republic of Korea
| | - Daesung Jung
- Beamline Research Division , Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang , 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Seok Yang
- Perovtronics Research Center, Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Kim Oanh Vu
- Department of Physics and Quantum Function Research Laboratory , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Baik
- Beamline Research Division , Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang , 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Cuk Hwang
- Beamline Research Division , Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang , 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyu Kim
- Department of Physics and Quantum Function Research Laboratory , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Il Seok
- Perovtronics Research Center, Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
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20
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Daru J, Gupta PK, Marx D. Restricting Solvation to Two Dimensions: Soft Landing of Microsolvated Ions on Inert Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:831-835. [PMID: 30707837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to scrutinize dimensional restriction effects on finite hydrogen-bonded networks, we deposit ion-doped water clusters by computational soft landing on a chemically inert supported xenon surface. In stark contrast to the much studied metal or metal oxide surfaces, the rare gas surface interacts only rather weakly and nondirectionally with these networks. Surprisingly, the strongly bound Na+-doped networks undergo very significant plastic deformations, whereas the weakly bound Cl- counterparts barely change upon surface deposition. This counterintuitive finding is traced back to the significantly less favorable water-water interactions enforced by the cation, which results in an easier adaption to geometric restrictions, whereas H-bonding stabilizes the anionic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Daru
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Prashant Kumar Gupta
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Dominik Marx
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
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21
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Anggara K, Leung L, Timm MJ, Hu Z, Polanyi JC. Electron-induced molecular dissociation at a surface leads to reactive collisions at selected impact parameters. Faraday Discuss 2019; 214:89-103. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00137e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A collimated beam of ‘projectiles’ strikes a chemisorbed ‘target’ thereby selecting the impact parameter, achieving an elusive goal of reaction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Anggara
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Lydie Leung
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Matthew J. Timm
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Zhixin Hu
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - John C. Polanyi
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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22
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Anggara K, Leung L, Timm MJ, Hu Z, Polanyi JC. Approaching the forbidden fruit of reaction dynamics: Aiming reagent at selected impact parameters. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau2821. [PMID: 30310869 PMCID: PMC6173530 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Collision geometry is central to reaction dynamics. An important variable in collision geometry is the miss-distance between molecules, known as the "impact parameter." This is averaged in gas-phase molecular beam studies. By aligning molecules on a surface prior to electron-induced dissociation, we select impact parameters in subsequent inelastic collisions. Surface-collimated "projectile" molecules, difluorocarbene (CF2), were aimed at stationary "target" molecules characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), with the observed scattering interpreted by computational molecular dynamics. Selection of impact parameters showed that head-on collisions favored bimolecular reaction, whereas glancing collisions led only to momentum transfer. These collimated projectiles could be aimed at the wide variety of adsorbed targets identifiable by STM, with the selected impact parameter assisting in the identification of the collision geometry required for reaction.
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23
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Matsuno T, Fujita M, Fukunaga K, Sato S, Isobe H. Concyclic CH-π arrays for single-axis rotations of a bowl in a tube. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3779. [PMID: 30224711 PMCID: PMC6141547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrogen bond is undoubtedly one of the most important non-covalent interactions. Among the several types of the hydrogen bonds, the CH-π interaction is a relatively new notion that is being recognised in chemistry and biology. Although the CH-π hydrogen bond and conventional hydrogen bonds share common features such as directionality, this weak interaction has played a secondary role in molecular recognition. In this study, we have devised a host-guest complex that is assembled solely by the CH-π hydrogen bonds. Multivalent interactions of a bowl-shaped hydrocarbon with its peripheral hydrogen atoms are made possible via CH-π hydrogen bonds by adopting a tubular hydrocarbon as a host for their enthalpy-driven complexation. Concyclic arrays of weak hydrogen bonds further allow dynamic rotational motions of the guest in the host. Solid-state analysis with crystallographic and spectroscopic methods reveal a single-axis rotation of the bowl in the tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujita
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kengo Fukunaga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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24
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Dong A, Yan L, Sun L, Yan S, Shan X, Guo Y, Meng S, Lu X. Identifying Few-Molecule Water Clusters with High Precision on Au(111) Surface. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6452-6457. [PMID: 29812905 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the nature of a hydrogen-bond network in water structures is one of the imperative objectives of science. With the use of a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope, water clusters on a Au(111) surface were directly imaged with molecular resolution by a functionalized tip. The internal structures of the water clusters as well as the geometry variations with the increase of size were identified. In contrast to a buckled water hexamer predicted by previous theoretical calculations, our results present deterministic evidence for a flat configuration of water hexamers on Au(111), corroborated by density functional theory calculations with properly implemented van der Waals corrections. The consistency between the experimental observations and improved theoretical calculations not only renders the internal structures of absorbed water clusters unambiguously, but also directly manifests the crucial role of van der Waals interactions in constructing water-solid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anning Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lihuan Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai , 201210 , China
| | - Xinyan Shan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
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25
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The effect of hydration number on the interfacial transport of sodium ions. Nature 2018; 557:701-705. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Liu S, Baugh D, Motobayashi K, Zhao X, Levchenko SV, Gawinkowski S, Waluk J, Grill L, Persson M, Kumagai T. Anharmonicity in a double hydrogen transfer reaction studied in a single porphycene molecule on a Cu(110) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12112-12119. [PMID: 29676424 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anharmonicity plays a crucial role in hydrogen transfer reactions in hydrogen-bonding systems, which leads to a peculiar spectral line shape of the hydrogen stretching mode as well as highly complex intra/intermolecular vibrational energy relaxation. Single-molecule study with a well-defined model is necessary to elucidate a fundamental mechanism. Recent low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) experiments revealed that the cis↔cis tautomerization in a single porphycene molecule on Cu(110) at 5 K can be induced by vibrational excitation via an inelastic electron tunnelling process and the N-H(D) stretching mode couples with the tautomerization coordinate [Kumagai et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 111, 246101]. Here we discuss a pronounced anharmonicity of the N-H stretching mode observed in the STM action spectra and the conductance spectra. Density functional theory calculations find a strong intermode coupling of the N-H stretching with an in-plane bending mode within porphycene on Cu(110).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Shiotari A, Okuyama H, Hatta S, Aruga T, Hamada I. Atomic-scale study of the formation of sodium-water complexes on Cu(110). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12210-12216. [PMID: 29687136 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01237g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We observed individual sodium (Na) atoms and their complexes with water molecules on Cu(110) with scanning tunneling microscopy at 6 K. We induced the reaction of a Na adatom with one or two water molecules, which yielded two kinds of Na-water complexes. Density functional theory calculations were performed to study the structure of the complexes, which revealed that the water molecules are bonded to a Na atom along the [11[combining macron]0] direction via an oxygen atom with the hydrogen atoms pointing toward the Cu atoms of the surface. The 1 : 1 Na-water complex is stablized by 225 meV upon bond formation, and the ligand water moves back and forth around the Na atom. The complex can accommodate another water molecule to yield a 1 : 2 Na-water complex with an energy gain of 214 meV. The atomic-scale identification of the alkali-water complexes would give fundamental insights into the hydration process of alkali cations and their specific adsorption onto metal electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Shiotari
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan.
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28
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Weakly perturbative imaging of interfacial water with submolecular resolution by atomic force microscopy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:122. [PMID: 29317638 PMCID: PMC5760619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning probe microscopy has been extensively applied to probe interfacial water in many interdisciplinary fields but the disturbance of the probes on the hydrogen-bonding structure of water has remained an intractable problem. Here, we report submolecular-resolution imaging of the water clusters on a NaCl(001) surface within the nearly noninvasive region by a qPlus-based noncontact atomic force microscopy. Comparison with theoretical simulations reveals that the key lies in probing the weak high-order electrostatic force between the quadrupole-like CO-terminated tip and the polar water molecules at large tip–water distances. This interaction allows the imaging and structural determination of the weakly bonded water clusters and even of their metastable states with negligible disturbance. This work may open an avenue for studying the intrinsic structure and dynamics of ice or water on surfaces, ion hydration, and biological water with atomic precision. Scanning probe microscopy has been extensively applied to probe interfacial water but the probes tend to disturb the structure of water easily. Here, the authors report submolecular-resolution imaging of water clusters within the nearly non-invasive region by qPlus noncontact atomic force microscopy.
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29
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Setvin M, Shi X, Hulva J, Simschitz T, Parkinson GS, Schmid M, Di Valentin C, Selloni A, Diebold U. Methanol on Anatase TiO 2 (101): Mechanistic Insights into Photocatalysis. ACS Catal 2017; 7:7081-7091. [PMID: 29034122 PMCID: PMC5634753 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The photoactivity of methanol adsorbed on the anatase TiO2 (101) surface was studied by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Isolated methanol molecules adsorbed at the anatase (101) surface show a negligible photoactivity. Two ways of methanol activation were found. First, methoxy groups formed by reaction of methanol with coadsorbed O2 molecules or terminal OH groups are photoactive, and they turn into formaldehyde upon UV illumination. The methoxy species show an unusual C 1s core-level shift of 1.4 eV compared to methanol; their chemical assignment was verified by DFT calculations with inclusion of final-state effects. The second way of methanol activation opens at methanol coverages above 0.5 monolayer (ML), and methyl formate is produced in this reaction pathway. The adsorption of methanol in the coverage regime from 0 to 2 ML is described in detail; it is key for understanding the photocatalytic behavior at high coverages. There, a hydrogen-bonding network is established in the adsorbed methanol layer, and consequently, methanol dissociation becomes energetically more favorable. DFT calculations show that dissociation of the methanol molecule is always the key requirement for hole transfer from the substrate to the adsorbed methanol. We show that the hydrogen-bonding network established in the methanol layer dramatically changes the kinetics of proton transfer during the photoreaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Setvin
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick
Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jan Hulva
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Simschitz
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gareth S. Parkinson
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schmid
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristiana Di Valentin
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, Via
Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Annabella Selloni
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick
Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ulrike Diebold
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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30
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Kawai S, Nishiuchi T, Kodama T, Spijker P, Pawlak R, Meier T, Tracey J, Kubo T, Meyer E, Foster AS. Direct quantitative measurement of the C═O⋅⋅⋅H-C bond by atomic force microscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1603258. [PMID: 28508080 PMCID: PMC5429039 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1603258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen atom-the smallest and most abundant atom-is of utmost importance in physics and chemistry. Although many analysis methods have been applied to its study, direct observation of hydrogen atoms in a single molecule remains largely unexplored. We use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to resolve the outermost hydrogen atoms of propellane molecules via very weak C═O⋅⋅⋅H-C hydrogen bonding just before the onset of Pauli repulsion. The direct measurement of the interaction with a hydrogen atom paves the way for the identification of three-dimensional molecules such as DNAs and polymers, building the capabilities of AFM toward quantitative probing of local chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kawai
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takuya Kodama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Peter Spijker
- Centre of Excellence in Computational Nanoscience, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Meier
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Tracey
- Centre of Excellence in Computational Nanoscience, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adam S. Foster
- Centre of Excellence in Computational Nanoscience, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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31
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Guo J, Bian K, Lin Z, Jiang Y. Perspective: Structure and dynamics of water at surfaces probed by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2017; 145:160901. [PMID: 27802647 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The detailed and precise understanding of water-solid interaction largely relies on the development of atomic-scale experimental techniques, among which scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has proven to be a noteworthy example. In this perspective, we review the recent advances of STM techniques in imaging, spectroscopy, and manipulation of water molecules. We discuss how those newly developed techniques are applied to probe the structure and dynamics of water at solid surfaces with single-molecule and even submolecular resolution, paying particular attention to the ability of accessing the degree of freedom of hydrogen. In the end, we present an outlook on the directions of future STM studies of water-solid interfaces as well as the challenges faced by this field. Some new scanning probe techniques beyond STM are also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Bian
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeren Lin
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- F. McBride
- Department of Chemistry, Surface Science Research Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - A. Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Surface Science Research Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
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33
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Ultrahigh-resolution imaging of water networks by atomic force microscopy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14313. [PMID: 28155856 PMCID: PMC5296746 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Local defects in water layers growing on metal surfaces have a key influence on the wetting process at the surfaces; however, such minor structures are undetectable by macroscopic methods. Here, we demonstrate ultrahigh-resolution imaging of single water layers on a copper(110) surface by using non-contact atomic force microscopy (AFM) with molecular functionalized tips at 4.8 K. AFM with a probe tip terminated by carbon monoxide predominantly images oxygen atoms, whereas the contribution of hydrogen atoms is modest. Oxygen skeletons in the AFM images reveal that the water networks containing local defects and edges are composed of pentagonal and hexagonal rings. The results reinforce the applicability of AFM to characterize atomic structures of weakly bonded molecular assemblies. The structure of water in the first layer on surfaces is essential to our understanding of various phenomena, such as surface wettability and heterogeneous catalysis. Here, the authors use atomic force microscopy with a CO-functionalized tip to image water defects on copper surface at atomic resolution.
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34
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Fita P, Grill L, Listkowski A, Piwoński H, Gawinkowski S, Pszona M, Sepioł J, Mengesha E, Kumagai T, Waluk J. Spectroscopic and microscopic investigations of tautomerization in porphycenes: condensed phases, supersonic jets, and single molecule studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4921-4937. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07955e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tautomerization of porphycene, coherent in supersonic jets and a rate process in solutions, can be controlled for single molecules on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Fita
- Institute of Experimental Physics
- Faculty of Physics
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - L. Grill
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - A. Listkowski
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- College of Science
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University
- 01-815 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - H. Piwoński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - S. Gawinkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - M. Pszona
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - J. Sepioł
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - E. Mengesha
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - T. Kumagai
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - J. Waluk
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- College of Science
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University
- 01-815 Warsaw
- Poland
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35
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Björneholm O, Hansen MH, Hodgson A, Liu LM, Limmer DT, Michaelides A, Pedevilla P, Rossmeisl J, Shen H, Tocci G, Tyrode E, Walz MM, Werner J, Bluhm H. Water at Interfaces. Chem Rev 2016; 116:7698-726. [PMID: 27232062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interfaces of neat water and aqueous solutions play a prominent role in many technological processes and in the environment. Examples of aqueous interfaces are ultrathin water films that cover most hydrophilic surfaces under ambient relative humidities, the liquid/solid interface which drives many electrochemical reactions, and the liquid/vapor interface, which governs the uptake and release of trace gases by the oceans and cloud droplets. In this article we review some of the recent experimental and theoretical advances in our knowledge of the properties of aqueous interfaces and discuss open questions and gaps in our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olle Björneholm
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University , Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin H Hansen
- Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Li-Min Liu
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Chemistry, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.,Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing, 100193, China
| | - David T Limmer
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Chemistry, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Pedevilla
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Chemistry, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Huaze Shen
- International Center for Quantum Materials and School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gabriele Tocci
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Chemistry, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.,Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics, Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, Institutes of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Tyrode
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie-Madeleine Walz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University , Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josephina Werner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University , Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hendrik Bluhm
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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36
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Li Y, Demir F, Kaneko S, Fujii S, Nishino T, Saffarzadeh A, Kirczenow G, Kiguchi M. Electrical conductance and structure of copper atomic junctions in the presence of water molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:32436-42. [PMID: 26588589 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05227k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated Cu atomic contacts in the presence of H2O both experimentally and theoretically. The conductance measurements showed the formation of H2O/Cu junctions with a fixed conductance value of around 0.1 G0 (G0 = 2e(2)/h). These structures were found to be stable and could be stretched over 0.5 nm, indicating the formation of an atomic or molecular chain. In agreement with the experimental findings, theoretical calculations revealed that the conductance of H2O/Cu junctions decreases in stages as the junction is stretched, with the formation of a H2O/Cu atomic chain with a conductance of ca. 0.1 G0 prior to junction rupture. Conversely, in the absence of H2O, the conductance of the Cu junction remains close to 1 G0 prior to the junction rupture and abrupt conductance drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Firuz Demir
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6.
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Alireza Saffarzadeh
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6. and Department of Physics, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697 Tehran, Iran
| | - George Kirczenow
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6.
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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37
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Shiotari A, Okuyama H, Hatta S, Aruga T, Hamada I. Adsorption and reaction of H2S on Cu(110) studied using scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:4541-6. [PMID: 26796760 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07726e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), the adsorption and reaction of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its fragments (SH and S) on Cu(110) are investigated at 5 K. H2S adsorbs molecularly on the surface on top of a Cu atom. With voltage pulses of STM, it is possible to induce sequential dehydrogenation of H2S to SH and S. We found two kinds of adsorption structures of SH. The short-bridge site is the most stable site for SH, while the long-bridge site is the second. Density functional theory calculations show that the S-H axis is inclined from the surface normal for both species. The reaction of H2S with OH and O was directly observed to yield SH and S, respectively, providing a molecular-level insight into catalyst poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Shiotari
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Okuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Hatta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Aruga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Ikutaro Hamada
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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38
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Kunkel DA, Hooper J, Bradley B, Schlueter L, Rasmussen T, Costa P, Beniwal S, Ducharme S, Zurek E, Enders A. 2D Cocrystallization from H-Bonded Organic Ferroelectrics. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:435-440. [PMID: 26750982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2D H-bonded cocrystals from the room-temperature ferroelectric organics croconic acid (CA) and 3-hydroxyphenalenone (3-HPLN) is demonstrated through self-assembly on a substrate under ultrahigh vacuum. 2D cocrystal polymorphs of varied stoichiometry were identified with scanning tunneling microscopy, and one of the observed structural building blocks consists of two CA and two 3-HPLN molecules. Computational analysis with density functional theory confirmed that the experimental (CA)2(3-HPLN)2 tetramers are lower in energy than single-component structures due to the ability of the tetramers to pack efficiently in two dimensions, the promotion of favorable electrostatic interactions between tetramers, and the optimal number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The structures investigated, especially the experimentally found tetrameric building blocks, are not polar. However, it is demonstrated computationally that cocrystallization can, in principle, result in heterogeneous structures with dipole moments that exceed those of homogeneous structures and that 2D structures with select stoichiometries could favor metastable polar structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna A Kunkel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - James Hooper
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Benjamin Bradley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Lisa Schlueter
- Department of Physics, California State University at San Bernardino , San Bernardino, California 92407, United States
| | - Tom Rasmussen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Paulo Costa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Sumit Beniwal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Stephen Ducharme
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0298, United States
| | - Eva Zurek
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Axel Enders
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0298, United States
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi OKUYAMA
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University,Kitashirakawa-Oiwakemachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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40
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Jiang Z, Wang H, Sanvito S, Hou S. Revisiting the inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of single hydrogen atom adsorbed on the Cu(100) surface. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:234709. [PMID: 26696072 DOI: 10.1063/1.4938087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) of a single hydrogen atom on the Cu(100) surface in a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) configuration has been investigated by employing the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism combined with density functional theory. The electron-vibration interaction is treated at the level of lowest order expansion. Our calculations show that the single peak observed in the previous STM-IETS experiments is dominated by the perpendicular mode of the adsorbed H atom, while the parallel one only makes a negligible contribution even when the STM tip is laterally displaced from the top position of the H atom. This propensity of the IETS is deeply rooted in the symmetry of the vibrational modes and the characteristics of the conduction channel of the Cu-H-Cu tunneling junction, which is mainly composed of the 4s and 4pz atomic orbitals of the Cu apex atom and the 1s orbital of the adsorbed H atom. These findings are helpful for deepening our understanding of the propensity rules for IETS and promoting IETS as a more popular spectroscopic tool for molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoling Jiang
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Stefano Sanvito
- School of Physics, AMBER and CRANN Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shimin Hou
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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41
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Abstract
The adsorption and reactions of water on surfaces has attracted great interest, as water is involved in many physical and chemical processes at interfaces. On metal surfaces, the adsorption energy of water is comparable to the hydrogen bond strength in water. Therefore, the delicate balance between the water-water and the water-metal interaction strength determines the stability of water structures. In such systems, kinetic effects play an important role and many metastable states can form with long lifetimes, such that the most stable state may not reached. This has led to difficulties in the theoretical prediction of water structures as well as to some controversial results. The direct imaging using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in ultrahigh vacuum at low temperatures offers a reliable means of understanding the local structure and reaction of water molecules, in particular when interpreted in conjunction with density functional theory calculations. In this Account, a selection of recent STM results on the water adsorption and dissociation on close-packed metal surfaces is reviewed, with a particular focus on Ru(0001). The Ru(0001) surface is one where water adsorbs intact in a metastable state at low temperatures and where partially dissociated layers are formed at temperatures above ∼150 K. First, we will describe the structure of intact water clusters starting with the monomer up to the monolayer. We show that icelike wetting layers do not occur on close-packed metal surfaces but instead hydrogen bonded layers in the form of a mixture of pentagonal, hexagonal, and heptagonal molecular rings are observed. Second, we will discuss the dissociation mechanism of water on Ru(0001). We demonstrate that water adsorption changes from dissociative to molecular as a function of the oxygen preadsorbed on Ru. Finally, we briefly review recent STM experiments on bulk ice (Ih and Ic) and water adsorption on insulating thin films. We conclude with an outlook illustrating the manipulation capabilities of STM in respect to probe the proton and hydrogen dynamics in water clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Maier
- Department
of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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42
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Inami E, Hamada I, Ueda K, Abe M, Morita S, Sugimoto Y. Room-temperature-concerted switch made of a binary atom cluster. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6231. [PMID: 25656414 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-atom/molecule manipulation for fabricating an atomic-scale switching device is a promising technology for nanoelectronics. So far, scanning probe microscopy studies have demonstrated several atomic-scale switches, mostly in cryogenic environments. Although a high-performance switch at room temperature is essential for practical applications, this remains a challenging obstacle to overcome. Here we report a room-temperature switch composed of a binary atom cluster on the semiconductor surface. Distinctly different types of manipulation techniques enable the construction of an atomically defined binary cluster and the electronic switching of the conformations, either unidirectionally or bidirectionally. The switching process involves a complex rearrangement of multiple atoms in concerted manner. Such a feature is strikingly different from any switches mediated by single-atom/molecule processes that have been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Inami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikutaro Hamada
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ueda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Abe
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Seizo Morita
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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43
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Modeling the metastable dynamics of correlated structures. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8005. [PMID: 25623327 PMCID: PMC4306916 DOI: 10.1038/srep08005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastable quantum dynamics of an asymmetric triangular cluster that is coupled to a reservoir is investigated. The dynamics is governed by bath-mediated transitions, which in part require a thermal activation process. The decay rate is controlled by tuning the excitation spectrum of the frustrated cluster. We use the master equation approach and construct transition operators in terms of many-body states. We analyze dynamics of observables and reveal metastability of an excited state and of a magnetically polarized ground state.
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44
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Motobayashi K, Árnadóttir L, Matsumoto C, Stuve EM, Jónsson H, Kim Y, Kawai M. Adsorption of water dimer on platinum(111): identification of the -OH···Pt hydrogen bond. ACS NANO 2014; 8:11583-11590. [PMID: 25337794 DOI: 10.1021/nn504824z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental structure of an isolated water dimer on Pt(111) was determined by means of a spectroscopic method using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Two water molecules on adjacent atop sites form a dimer through a hydrogen bond, and they rotate even at a substrate temperature of 5 K. Action spectroscopy using STM (STM-AS) for water dimer hopping allows us to obtain the vibrational spectrum of a single water dimer on Pt(111). Comparisons between the experiments and theory show that one of the OH groups of the acceptor water molecule points toward the surface to form an -OH···Pt hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Motobayashi
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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45
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Atom manipulation on an insulating surface at room temperature. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4403. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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46
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Motobayashi K, Kim Y, Arafune R, Ohara M, Ueba H, Kawai M. Dissociation pathways of a single dimethyl disulfide on Cu(111): Reaction induced by simultaneous excitation of two vibrational modes. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:194705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4875537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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47
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Oshima M, Tani A, Sugahara T, Kitano K, Ohgaki K. Reactions of HOCO radicals through hydrogen-atom hopping utilizing clathrate hydrates as an observational matrix. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:3792-7. [PMID: 24430533 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54680b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The carboxyl (HOCO) radical, which is an important species in atmospheric chemistry and combustion, is an intermediate in the reaction: CO + OH → CO2 + H and serves as a hydrogen donor to the reaction partners. The cis-HOCO radical, one of the ground-state HOCO radicals, is supposed to be decomposed into CO2 and the hydrogen atom by a tunneling effect. In order to prove the hypothesis, we performed electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements to investigate the decay mechanisms of the ground-state HOCO and DOCO radicals in gamma-ray-irradiated CO2 hydrates, which may hold the radicals stably. The ground-state HOCO and DOCO radicals decayed according to a second-order decay model and transformed into formic acid and CO2. The ratio of the decay rate constants of HOCO and DOCO radicals shows a good agreement with that in the kinetic isotope effect for the hydrogen and deuterium abstraction reactions. These results indicate that they react with another HOCO radical in the adjacent hydrate cage without the tunneling effect. This implies that the ground-state HOCO radicals are not decomposed by the tunneling effect but are decayed through reactions with some atoms, molecules, and/or radicals even in the gas phase. In addition, the hydrogen-atom hopping through the temporary hydrogen bonds between the HOCO radical and CO2 results in a seeming diffusion of the HOCO radicals in the CO2 hydrate; this would be an important concept for the studies of the radical diffusions and the supply of hydrogen atoms in gas, liquid, and solid phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Oshima
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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48
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Enami S, Colussi AJ. Ion-Specific Long-Range Correlations on Interfacial Water Driven by Hydrogen Bond Fluctuations. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:1861-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp411385u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- The Hakubi
Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8302, Japan
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Agustín J. Colussi
- Linde Center for Global Environmental
Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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49
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Guo J, Meng X, Chen J, Peng J, Sheng J, Li XZ, Xu L, Shi JR, Wang E, Jiang Y. Real-space imaging of interfacial water with submolecular resolution. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:184-189. [PMID: 24390380 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Water/solid interfaces are vital to our daily lives and are also a central theme across an incredibly wide range of scientific disciplines. Resolving the internal structure, that is, the O-H directionality, of water molecules adsorbed on solid surfaces has been one of the key issues of water science yet it remains challenging. Using a low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscope, we report submolecular-resolution imaging of individual water monomers and tetramers on NaCl(001) films supported by a Au(111) substrate at 5 K. The frontier molecular orbitals of adsorbed water were directly visualized, which allowed discrimination of the orientation of the monomers and the hydrogen-bond directionality of the tetramers in real space. Comparison with ab initio density functional theory calculations reveals that the ability to access the orbital structures of water stems from the electronic decoupling effect provided by the NaCl films and the precisely tunable tip-water coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China [3]
| | - Xiangzhi Meng
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China [3]
| | - Ji Chen
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China [3]
| | - Jinbo Peng
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Jiming Sheng
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Xu
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Ren Shi
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Enge Wang
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
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50
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Kumagai T, Hanke F, Gawinkowski S, Sharp J, Kotsis K, Waluk J, Persson M, Grill L. Thermally and vibrationally induced tautomerization of single porphycene molecules on a Cu(110) surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:246101. [PMID: 24483678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.246101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the direct observation of intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer reactions (tautomerization) within a single porphycene molecule on a Cu(110) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy. It is found that the tautomerization can be induced via inelastic electron tunneling at 5 K. By measuring the bias-dependent tautomerization rate of isotope-substituted molecules, we can assign the scanning tunneling microscopy-induced tautomerization to the excitation of specific molecular vibrations. Furthermore, these vibrations appear as characteristic features in the dI/dV spectra measured over individual molecules. The vibrational modes that are associated with the tautomerization are identified by density functional theory calculations. At higher temperatures above ∼75 K, tautomerization is induced thermally and an activation barrier of about 168 meV is determined from an Arrhenius plot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kumagai
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Hanke
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Sylwester Gawinkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - John Sharp
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Kotsis
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mats Persson
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom and Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Leonhard Grill
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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