1
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Wu R, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Liu R, Zhang Q, Zhang C. Catalytic Gold Nanoparticle Assembly Programmed by DNAzyme Circuits. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307107. [PMID: 38191832 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Assembled gold nanoparticle (AuNP) superstructures can generate unique physicochemical characteristics and be used in various applications, thus becoming an attractive research field. Recently, several DNA-assisted gold nanoparticle assembly methods have been rigorously developed that typically require a non-catalytic equimolar molecular assembly to guarantee the designed assembly. Although efficient and accurate, exploring such non-catalytic nanoparticle assemblies in the complex cellular milieu under low trigger concentrations remains challenging. Therefore, developing a catalytic method that facilitates gold nanoparticle assemblies with relatively low DNA trigger concentrations is desirable. In this report, a catalytic method to program gold nanoparticle assemblies by DNAzyme circuits is presented, where only a small number of DNA triggers are able to induce the production of a large number of the desired nanoparticle assemblies. The feasibility of using logic DNAzyme circuits to control catalytic nanoparticle assemblies is experimentally verified. Additionally, catalytic AuNP assembly systems are established with cascading and feedback functions. The work provides an alternative research direction to enrich the tool library of nanoparticle assembly and their application in biosensing and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranfeng Wu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- School of Computer Science, Key Lab of High Confidence Software Technologies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongpeng Zhang
- School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Rongming Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Computer Science, Key Lab of High Confidence Software Technologies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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2
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Backhaus A, Albrecht J, Alzhanova G, Long A, Arnold W, Lee J, Tse HY, Su TT, Cruz-Gomez S, Lee SSS, Menges F, Parent LR, Ratjen L, Burtness B, Fortner JD, Zimmerman JB. Multiplexable and Scalable Aqueous Synthesis Platform for Oleate-Based, Bilayer-Coated Gold Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309919. [PMID: 38377304 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite gold-based nanomaterials having a unique role in nanomedicine, among other fields, synthesis limitations relating to reaction scale-up and control result in prohibitively high gold nanoparticle costs. In this work, a new preparation procedure for lipid bilayer-coated gold nanoparticles in water is presented, using sodium oleate as reductant and capping agent. The seed-free synthesis not only allows for size precision (8-30 nm) but also remarkable particle concentration (10 mm Au). These reaction efficiencies allow for multiplexing and reaction standardization in 96-well plates using conventional thermocyclers, in addition to simple particle purification via microcentrifugation. Such a multiplexing approach also enables detailed spectroscopic investigation of the nonlinear growth process and dynamic sodium oleate/oleic acid self-assembly. In addition to scalability (at gram-level), resulting gold nanoparticles are stable at physiological pH, in common cell culture media, and are autoclavable. To demonstrate the versatility and applicability of the reported method, a robust ligand exchange with thiolated polyethylene glycol analogues is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Backhaus
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, Rm 530, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Jillian Albrecht
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, Rm 530, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Gaukhar Alzhanova
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, Rm 530, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Avery Long
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, Rm 530, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Wyatt Arnold
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, Rm 530, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Junseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, Rm 530, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ho-Yin Tse
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Tina T Su
- Department of Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Sebastian Cruz-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Seung Soo S Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, Rm 530, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Fabian Menges
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Lucas R Parent
- Innovation Partnership Building, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Lars Ratjen
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Barbara Burtness
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - John D Fortner
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, Rm 530, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Julie B Zimmerman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, Rm 530, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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3
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Cui Y, Xing Y, Hou J, Zhang H, Qiu H. Co-Assembly of Soft and Hard Nanoparticles into Macroscopic Colloidal Composites with Tailored Mechanical Property and Processability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401432. [PMID: 38818686 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal composites, translating the great potential of nanoscale building bricks into macroscopic dimensions, have emerged as an appealing candidate for new materials with applications in optics, energy storage, and biomedicines. However, it remains a key challenge to bridge the size regimes from nanoscopic colloidal particles to macroscale composites possessing mechanical robustness. Herein, a bottom-up approach is demonstrated to manufacture colloidal composites with customized macroscopic forms by virtue of the co-assembly of nanosized soft polymeric micelles and hard inorganic nanoparticles. Upon association, the hairy micellar corona can bind with the hard nanoparticles, linking individual hard constituents together in a soft-hard alternating manner to form a collective entity. This permits the integration of block copolymer micelles with controlled amounts of hard nanoparticles into macroscopic colloidal composites featuring diverse internal microstructures. The resultant composites showed tunable microscale mechanical strength in a range of 90-270 MPa and macroscale mechanical strength in a range of 7-42 MPa for compression and 2-24 MPa for bending. Notably, the incorporation of soft polymeric micelles also imparts time- and temperature-dependent dynamic deformability and versatile capacity to the resulting composites, allowing their application in the low-temperature plastic processing for functional fused silica glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yurui Xing
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jingwen Hou
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongti Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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4
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Nagaoka Y, Schneider J, Jin N, Cai T, Liu Y, Wang Z, Li R, Kim KS, Chen O. Dynamic Transformation of High-Architectural Nanocrystal Superlattices upon Solvent Molecule Exposure. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13093-13104. [PMID: 38690763 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The cluster-based body-centered-cubic superlattice (cBCC SL) represents one of the most complicated structures among reported nanocrystal assemblies, comprised of 72 truncated tetrahedral quantum dots per unit cell. Our previous report revealed that truncated tetrahedral quantum dots within cBCC SLs possessed highly controlled translational and orientational order owing to an unusual energetic landscape based on the balancing of entropic and enthalpic contributions during the assembly process. However, the cBCC SL's structural transformability and mechanical properties, uniquely originating from such complicated nanostructures, have yet to be investigated. Herein, we report that cBCC SLs can undergo dynamic transformation to face-centered-cubic SLs in response to post-assembly molecular exposure. We monitored the dynamic transformation process using in situ synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering, revealing a dynamic transformation involving multiple steps underpinned by interactions between incoming molecules and TTQDs' surface ligands. Furthermore, our mechanistic study demonstrated that the precise configuration of TTQDs' ligand molecules in cBCC SLs was key to their high structural transformability and unique jelly-like soft mechanical properties. While ligand molecular configurations in nanocrystal SLs are often considered minor features, our findings emphasize their significance in controlling weak van der Waals interactions between nanocrystals within assembled SLs, leading to previously unremarked superstructural transformability and unique mechanical properties. Our findings promote a facile route toward further creation of soft materials, nanorobotics, and out-of-equilibrium assemblies based on nanocrystal building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Nagaoka
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Jeremy Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Na Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Tong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Yuzi Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhongwu Wang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kyung-Suk Kim
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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5
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Qi D, Lukić MJ, Lu H, Gebauer D, Bonn M. Role of Water during the Early Stages of Iron Oxyhydroxide Formation by a Bacterial Iron Nucleator. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1048-1055. [PMID: 38253017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the nucleation of iron oxides and the underlying hydrolysis of aqueous iron species is still challenging, and molecular-level insights into the orchestrated response of water, especially at the hydrolysis interface, are lacking. We follow iron(III) hydrolysis in the presence of a synthetic bacterial iron nucleator, which is a magnetosome membrane specific peptide, by using a constant pH titration technique. Three distinct hydrolysis regimes were identified. Interface-selective sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy was used to probe the interfacial reaction and water in direct contact with the peptide. SFG data reveal that iron(III) species react quickly with interfacial peptides while continuously enhancing water alignment into the later stages of hydrolysis. The gradually aligning water molecules are associated with initially promoted (regimes I and II) and later suppressed (regime III) hydrolysis after the saturation of water alignment has occurred until regime II. These interfacial insights are crucial for understanding the early stage of iron oxide biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daizong Qi
- Department of Materials and Textile Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University, Building No. 7, Jiaxing Intelligent Industry & Innovation Park, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Miodrag J Lukić
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Materials and Textile Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University, Building No. 7, Jiaxing Intelligent Industry & Innovation Park, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Denis Gebauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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6
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Sui B, Zhu Y, Jiang X, Wang Y, Zhang N, Lu Z, Yang B, Li Y. Recastable assemblies of carbon dots into mechanically robust macroscopic materials. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6782. [PMID: 37880261 PMCID: PMC10600192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Assembly of nanoparticles into macroscopic materials with mechanical robustness, green processability, and recastable ability is an important and challenging task in materials science and nanotechnology. As an emerging nanoparticle with superior properties, macroscopic materials assembled from carbon dots will inherit their properties and further offer collective properties; however, macroscopic materials assembled from carbon dots solely remain unexplored. Here we report macroscopic films assembled from carbon dots modified by ureido pyrimidinone. These films show tunable fluorescence inherited from carbon dots. More importantly, these films exhibit collective properties including self-healing, re-castability, and superior mechanical properties, with Young's modulus over 490 MPa and breaking strength over 30 MPa. The macroscopic films maintain original mechanical properties after several cycles of recasting. Through scratch healing and welding experiments, these films show good self-healing properties under mild conditions. Moreover, the molecular dynamics simulation reveals that the interplay of interparticle and intraparticle hydrogen bonding controls mechanical properties of macroscopic films. Notably, these films are processed into diverse shapes by an eco-friendly hydrosetting method. The methodology and results in this work shed light on the exploration of functional macroscopic materials assembled from nanoparticles and will accelerate innovative developments of nanomaterials in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Youliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Niboqia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhongyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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7
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Gürsoy E, Vonbun-Feldbauer GB, Meißner RH. Oxidation-State Dynamics and Emerging Patterns in Magnetite. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6800-6807. [PMID: 37479223 PMCID: PMC10405268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite is an important mineral with many interesting applications related to its magnetic, electrical, and thermal properties. Typically studied by electronic structure calculations, these methods are unable to capture the complex ion dynamics at relevant temperatures, time, and length scales. We present a hybrid Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics (MC/MD) method based on iron oxidation-state swapping for accurate atomistic modeling of bulk magnetite, magnetite surfaces, and nanoparticles that captures the complex ionic dynamics. By comparing the oxidation-state patterns with those obtained from density functional theory, we confirmed the accuracy of our approach. Lattice distortions leading to the stabilization of excess charges and a critical surface thickness at which the oxidation states transition from ordered to disordered were observed. This simple yet efficient approach paves the way for elucidating aspects of oxidation-state ordering of inverse spinel structures in general and battery materials in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Gürsoy
- Institute
of Polymers and Composites, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Robert H. Meißner
- Institute
of Polymers and Composites, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute
of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
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8
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Fan Q, Li Z, Wu C, Yin Y. Magnetically Induced Anisotropic Interaction in Colloidal Assembly. PRECISION CHEMISTRY 2023; 1:272-298. [PMID: 37529717 PMCID: PMC10389807 DOI: 10.1021/prechem.3c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The wide accessibility to nanostructures with high uniformity and controllable sizes and morphologies provides great opportunities for creating complex superstructures with unique functionalities. Employing anisotropic nanostructures as the building blocks significantly enriches the superstructural phases, while their orientational control for obtaining long-range orders has remained a significant challenge. One solution is to introduce magnetic components into the anisotropic nanostructures to enable precise control of their orientations and positions in the superstructures by manipulating magnetic interactions. Recognizing the importance of magnetic anisotropy in colloidal assembly, we provide here an overview of magnetic field-guided self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles with typical anisotropic shapes, including rods, cubes, plates, and peanuts. The Review starts with discussing the magnetic energy of nanoparticles, appreciating the vital roles of magneto-crystalline and shape anisotropies in determining the easy magnetization direction of the anisotropic nanostructures. It then introduces superstructures assembled from various magnetic building blocks and summarizes their unique properties and intriguing applications. It concludes with a discussion of remaining challenges and an outlook of future research opportunities that the magnetic assembly strategy may offer for colloidal assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chaolumen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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9
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Xu W, Li S, Ji J, Chen H, Feng Y. Site-specific growth of gold nanoparticles on Bismuth Selenide hexagonal nanoplates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 649:826-831. [PMID: 37390530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly site-specific growth of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on Bismuth Selenide (Bi2Se3) hexagonal nanoplates was achieved by fine-tuning the growth kinetics of Au through controlling the coordination number of the Au ion in MBIA-Au3+ complex. With increasing concentration of MBIA, the increased amount and the coordination number of the MBIA-Au3+ complex results in the decrease of the reduction rate of Au. The slowed growth kinetics of Au allowed the recognition of the sites with different surface energy on the anisotropic Bi2Se3 hexagonal nanoplates. As a result, the site-specific growth of AuNPs at the corner, the edge, and the surface of the Bi2Se3 nanoplates were successfully achieved. This way of growth kinetic control was proven to be effective in constructing well-defined heterostructures with precise site-specificity and high purity of the product. This is helpful for the rational design and controlled synthesis of sophisticated hybrid nanostructures and would eventually promote their applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Xu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Shuaibin Li
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jin Ji
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yuhua Feng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
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10
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Wang Z, Srinivasan S, Dai R, Rana A, Nian Q, Solanki K, Wang RY. Inorganically Connecting Colloidal Nanocrystals Significantly Improves Mechanical Properties. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37257060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and characterizing the mechanical behavior of colloidal nanocrystal (NC) assemblies are important for developing nanocrystalline materials with exceptional mechanical properties for robust electronic, thermoelectric, photovoltaic, and optoelectronic devices. However, the limited ranges of Young's modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness (≲1-10 GPa, ≲50-500 MPa, and ≲10-50 kPa m1/2, respectively) in as-synthesized NC assemblies present challenges for their mechanical stability and therefore their practical applications. In this work, we demonstrate using a combination of nanoindentation measurements and coarse-grained modeling that the mechanical response of assemblies of as-synthesized NCs is governed by the van der Waals interactions of the organic surface ligands. More importantly, we report tremendous ∼60× enhancements in Young's modulus and hardness and an ∼80× enhancement in fracture toughness of CdSe NC assemblies through a simple inorganic Sn2S64- ligand exchange process. Moreover, our observation of softening in nanocrystalline materials with decreasing CdSe NC diameter is consistent with atomistic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyong Wang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Soundarya Srinivasan
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Rui Dai
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Ashish Rana
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Qiong Nian
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Kiran Solanki
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Robert Y Wang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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11
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Dhulipala S, Yee DW, Zhou Z, Sun R, Andrade JE, Macfarlane RJ, Portela CM. Tunable Mechanical Response of Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Superlattices. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37216440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanoparticle superlattices (NPSLs) are an emergent class of self-architected nanocomposite materials that possess promising properties arising from precise nanoparticle ordering. Their multiple coupled properties make them desirable as functional components in devices where mechanical robustness is critical. However, questions remain about NPSL mechanical properties and how shaping them affects their mechanical response. Here, we perform in situ nanomechanical experiments that evidence up to an 11-fold increase in stiffness (∼1.49 to 16.9 GPa) and a 5-fold increase in strength (∼88 to 426 MPa) because of surface stiffening/strengthening from shaping these nanomaterials via focused-ion-beam milling. To predict the mechanical properties of shaped NPSLs, we present discrete element method (DEM) simulations and an analytical core-shell model that capture the FIB-induced stiffening response. This work presents a route for tunable mechanical responses of self-architected NPSLs and provides two frameworks to predict their mechanical response and guide the design of future NPSL-containing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayajulu Dhulipala
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daryl W Yee
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ziran Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Rachel Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - José E Andrade
- Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Robert J Macfarlane
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Carlos M Portela
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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12
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Erik Beck E, Weimer A, Feld A, Vonk V, Noei H, Lott D, Jeromin A, Kulkarni S, Giuntini D, Plunkett A, Domènech B, Schneider GA, Vossmeyer T, Weller H, Keller TF, Stierle A. Solvent controlled 2D structures of bottom-up fabricated nanoparticle superlattices. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4506-4514. [PMID: 36753337 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that oleyl phosphate ligand-stabilized iron oxide nanocubes as building blocks can be assembled into 2D supercrystalline mono- and multilayers on flat YSZ substrates within a few minutes using a simple spin-coating process. As a bottom-up process, the growth takes place in a layer-by-layer mode and therefore by tuning the spin-coating parameters, the exact number of deposited monolayers can be controlled. Furthermore, ex situ scanning electron and atomic force microscopy as well as X-ray reflectivity measurements give evidence that the choice of solvent allows the control of the lattice type of the final supercrystalline monolayers. This observation can be assigned to the different Hansen solubilities of the solvents used for the nanoparticle dispersion because it determines the size and morphology of the ligand shell surrounding the nanoparticle core. Here, by using toluene and chloroform as solvents, it can be controlled whether the resulting monolayers are ordered in a square or hexagonal supercrystalline lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Erik Beck
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Germany.
| | - Agnes Weimer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Germany
| | - Artur Feld
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vedran Vonk
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Germany.
| | - Heshmat Noei
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Germany.
| | | | - Arno Jeromin
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Germany.
| | - Satishkumar Kulkarni
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Germany.
| | - Diletta Giuntini
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Germany
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Plunkett
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Germany
| | - Berta Domènech
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Germany
- ams-OSRAM International GmbH, ams OSRAM Group, Leibnizstr. 4, 93055 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Germany
| | | | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Keller
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Germany.
- Physics Department, Universität Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, Universität Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Taplick M, Ruhmlieb C, Kipp T, Mews A. Two-Dimensional Superstructures from the Gas Phase: Directed Assembly of Copper-Sulfide Nanoplatelets. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1313-1319. [PMID: 36758116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel plasma-assisted approach for the deposition of free-standing two-dimensional superstructures via directed assembly of copper-sulfide nanoplatelets in the gas phase. For this, the copper-organic complex bis-[bis(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamato)-copper(II)] is thermally evaporated and transported into a capacitively coupled rf plasma to form two-dimensional nanoplatelets upon fragmentation. On a substrate, the highly anisotropic platelets are attached in a directed edge-to-edge configuration. We found that a high substrate temperature of 400 °C is necessary for the 2D vertical growth of copper sulfide. Using plasma reinforces the directional assembly and leads to nanowalls which are several micrometers high with the thickness of a single nanoplatelet. The morphology and crystallographic composition of the emerging superstructures were extensively investigated via scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as electron diffraction. The data reveal the (010) plane to be the preferred axis for the arrangement of the nanoplatelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Taplick
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Ruhmlieb
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kipp
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alf Mews
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Wang S, Lu S, Tian X, Liu W, Si Y, Yang Y, Qiu H, Zhang H, Li J. A General Approach to Stabilize Nanocrystal Superlattices by Covalently Bonded Ligands. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2792-2801. [PMID: 36651568 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled inorganic nanocrystal (NC) superlattices are powerful material platforms with diverse structures and emergent functionalities. However, their applications suffer from the low structural stability against solvents and other stimuli, due to the weak interparticle interactions. Existing strategies to stabilize NC superlattices typically require the design and incorporation of special ligands prior to self-assembly and are only applicable to superlattices of certain NCs, ligands, and structures. Here we report a general method to stabilize superlattices of various NC compositions and structures via strong, covalently bonded ligands. The core is the use of light-triggered, nitrene-based cross-linkers that do not interfere the self-assembly process while nonspecifically and effectively bonding the native ligands of NCs. The stabilized 2D and 3D superlattices of metal, semiconductor, and magnetic NCs retain their structures when being exposed to solvents of different polarities (from toluene to water) and show high thermal stability and mechanical rigidity. This can further stabilize binary NC superlattices, beyond those achievable in previous methods. Stabilized superlattices show robust and reproducible functionalities, for instance, when serving as reusable substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. These results create more possibilities in exploiting the impressive library of NC superlattices in a broad scope of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wangyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yilong Si
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hengwei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Jansen M, Tisdale WA, Wood V. Nanocrystal phononics. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:161-169. [PMID: 36702886 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals are successfully used as nanoscale building blocks for creating hierarchical solids with structures that range from amorphous networks to sophisticated periodic superlattices. Recently, it has been observed that these superlattices exhibit collective vibrations, which stem from the correlated motion of the nanocrystals, with their surface-bound ligands acting as molecular linkers. In this Perspective, we describe the work so far on collective vibrations in nanocrystal solids and their as-of-yet untapped potential for phononic applications. With the ability to engineer vibrations in the hypersonic regime through the choice of nanocrystal and linker composition, as well as by controlling their size, shape and chemical interactions, such superstructures offer new opportunities for phononic crystals, acoustic metamaterials and optomechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Jansen
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Qiang Y, Turner KT, Lee D. Role of Polymer–Nanoparticle Interactions on the Fracture Toughness of Polymer-Infiltrated Nanoparticle Films. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Qiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kevin T. Turner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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17
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Wang Y, Gu Z, Peng W, Shi G, Zhang X, Cui Z, Fu P, Qiao X, He Y, Liu M, Pang X. Silver Nanocrystal Array with Precise Control via Star-like Copolymer Nanoreactors. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10823-10829. [PMID: 36382898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanocrystal arrays had attracted much attention due to the unique plasmonic effect of their ordered nanostructure and the synergy among adjacent nanocrystals. Conventional preparation methods had several limitations, such as high cost, harsh preparation conditions, and complicated influencing factors, which could not be employed to fabricate the nanocrystal arrays in highly controlled fashion. To solve these issues, we reported ordered arrays of different Ag nanocrystals with precise control prepared by utilizing amphiphilic star-like poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-polystyrene diblock copolymers as nanoreactors synthesized by sequential atom transfer radical polymerization. Moreover, this unimolecular nanoreactor method based on star-like copolymers with stable and predesigned nanostructures was proved to be a universal approach to prepare other nanocrystal arrays. This strategy had low cost, simple process flow, wide applicability, and structural stability that could fabricate nanocrystal array with precise control and continuously prepare more complex nanostructure units in a large scale to meet different functions and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zongheng Gu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenhua Peng
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ge Shi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhe Cui
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiao
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Materials Engineering, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Materials, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie He
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Minying Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinchang Pang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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18
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He J, Pang W, Gu B, Lin X, Ye J. The stiffness-dependent tumor cell internalization of liquid metal nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16902-16917. [PMID: 36342434 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04293b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The properties of nanoparticle (NP) carriers, such as size, shape and surface state, have been proven to dramatically affect their uptake by tumor cells, thereby influencing and determining the effect of nanomedicine on tumor theranostics. However, the effect of the stiffness of NPs on their cellular internalization remains unclear, especially for circumstances involving active or passive NP targeting. In this work, we constructed eutectic gallium indium liquid metal NPs with the same particle size, shape and surface charge properties but distinct stiffness via tailoring the surface oxidation and silica coating. It has been found that the softer NPs would be endocytosed much slower than their stiffer counterparts in the presence of specific ligand-receptor interaction. Interestingly, once the interaction is eliminated, softer NPs are internalized faster than the stiffer ones. Based on experimental observations and theoretical verification, we demonstrate that this phenomenon is mainly caused by varying degrees of deformation of soft NPs induced by ligand-receptor interactions. Such a finding of the stiffness effect of NPs implies great potential for fundamental biomedical applications, such as the rational design of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China.
| | - Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China.
| | - Bobo Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China.
| | - Xubo Lin
- Institute of Single Cell Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China.
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
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19
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Adsorption of oleic acid on magnetite facets. Commun Chem 2022; 5:134. [PMID: 36697717 PMCID: PMC9814498 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The microscopic understanding of the atomic structure and interaction at carboxylic acid/oxide interfaces is an important step towards tailoring the mechanical properties of nanocomposite materials assembled from metal oxide nanoparticles functionalized by organic molecules. We have studied the adsorption of oleic acid (C17H33COOH) on the most prominent magnetite (001) and (111) crystal facets at room temperature using low energy electron diffraction, surface X-ray diffraction and infrared vibrational spectroscopy complemented with molecular dynamics simulations used to infer specific hydrogen bonding motifs between oleic acid and oleate. Our experimental and theoretical results give evidence that oleic acid adsorbs dissociatively on both facets at lower coverages. At higher coverages, the more pronounced molecular adsorption causes hydrogen bond formation between the carboxylic groups, leading to a more upright orientation of the molecules on the (111) facet in conjunction with the formation of a denser layer, as compared to the (001) facet. This is evidenced by the C=O double bond infrared line shape, in depth molecular dynamics bond angle orientation and hydrogen bond analysis, as well as X-ray reflectivity layer electron density profile determination. Such a higher density can explain the higher mechanical strength of nanocomposite materials based on magnetite nanoparticles with larger (111) facets.
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20
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Plunkett A, Kampferbeck M, Bor B, Sazama U, Krekeler T, Bekaert L, Noei H, Giuntini D, Fröba M, Stierle A, Weller H, Vossmeyer T, Schneider GA, Domènech B. Strengthening Engineered Nanocrystal Three-Dimensional Superlattices via Ligand Conformation and Reactivity. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11692-11707. [PMID: 35760395 PMCID: PMC9413410 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystal assembly into ordered structures provides mesostructural functional materials with a precise control that starts at the atomic scale. However, the lack of understanding on the self-assembly itself plus the poor structural integrity of the resulting supercrystalline materials still limits their application into engineered materials and devices. Surface functionalization of the nanobuilding blocks with organic ligands can be used not only as a means to control the interparticle interactions during self-assembly but also as a reactive platform to further strengthen the final material via ligand cross-linking. Here, we explore the influence of the ligands on superlattice formation and during cross-linking via thermal annealing. We elucidate the effect of the surface functionalization on the nanostructure during self-assembly and show how the ligand-promoted superlattice changes subsequently alter the cross-linking behavior. By gaining further insights on the chemical species derived from the thermally activated cross-linking and its effect in the overall mechanical response, we identify an oxidative radical polymerization as the main mechanism responsible for the ligand cross-linking. In the cascade of reactions occurring during the surface-ligands polymerization, the nanocrystal core material plays a catalytic role, being strongly affected by the anchoring group of the surface ligands. Ultimately, we demonstrate how the found mechanistic insights can be used to adjust the mechanical and nanostructural properties of the obtained nanocomposites. These results enable engineering supercrystalline nanocomposites with improved cohesion while preserving their characteristic nanostructure, which is required to achieve the collective properties for broad functional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Plunkett
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kampferbeck
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Büsra Bor
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uta Sazama
- Institute
of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University
of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron
Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lieven Bekaert
- Research
Group of Electrochemical and Surface Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heshmat Noei
- Center
for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diletta Giuntini
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Fröba
- Institute
of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University
of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Center
for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbreich
Physik, University of Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer-CAN, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerold A. Schneider
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Berta Domènech
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Jenewein C, Schupp SM, Ni B, Schmidt-Mende L, Cölfen H. Tuning the Electronic Properties of Mesocrystals. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jenewein
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Stefan M. Schupp
- Department of Physics University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Lukas Schmidt-Mende
- Department of Physics University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
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22
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Wang J, Liu Y, Bleyer G, Goerlitzer ESA, Englisch S, Przybilla T, Mbah CF, Engel M, Spiecker E, Imaz I, Maspoch D, Vogel N. Coloration in Supraparticles Assembled from Polyhedral Metal-Organic Framework Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117455. [PMID: 35129874 PMCID: PMC9307011 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Supraparticles are spherical colloidal crystals prepared by confined self‐assembly processes. A particularly appealing property of these microscale structures is the structural color arising from interference of light with their building blocks. Here, we assemble supraparticles with high structural order that exhibit coloration from uniform, polyhedral metal–organic framework (MOF) particles. We analyse the structural coloration as a function of the size of these anisotropic building blocks and their internal structure. We attribute the angle‐dependent coloration of the MOF supraparticles to the presence of ordered, onion‐like layers at the outermost regions. Surprisingly, even though different shapes of the MOF particles have different propensities to form these onion layers, all supraparticle dispersions show well‐visible macroscopic coloration, indicating that local ordering is sufficient to generate interference effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC & The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gudrun Bleyer
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric S A Goerlitzer
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silvan Englisch
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN), Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Przybilla
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN), Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chrameh Fru Mbah
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN), Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Inhar Imaz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC & The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC & The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Green AM, Ofosu CK, Kang J, Anslyn EV, Truskett TM, Milliron DJ. Assembling Inorganic Nanocrystal Gels. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1457-1466. [PMID: 35124960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanocrystal gels retain distinct properties of individual nanocrystals while offering tunable, network-structure-dependent characteristics. We review different mechanisms for assembling gels from colloidal nanocrystals including (1) controlled destabilization, (2) direct bridging, (3) depletion, as well as linking mediated by (4) coordination bonding or (5) dynamic covalent bonding, and we highlight how each impacts gel properties. These approaches use nanocrystal surface chemistry or the addition of small molecules to mediate inter-nanocrystal attractions. Each method offers advantages in terms of gel stability, reversibility, or tunability and presents new opportunities for the design of reconfigurable materials and fueled assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Green
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78 712, United States
| | - Charles K Ofosu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78 712, United States
| | - Jiho Kang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78 712, United States
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78 712, United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78 712, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78 712, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78 712, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78 712, United States
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24
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Wang J, Liu Y, Bleyer G, Goerlitzer ESA, Englisch S, Przybilla T, Mbah CF, Engel M, Spiecker E, Imaz I, Maspoch D, Vogel N. Coloration in Supraparticles Assembled from Polyhedral Metal‐Organic Framework Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- Institute of Particle Technology Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) CSIC & The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Gudrun Bleyer
- Institute of Particle Technology Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Eric S. A. Goerlitzer
- Institute of Particle Technology Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Silvan Englisch
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Thomas Przybilla
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Chrameh Fru Mbah
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Inhar Imaz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) CSIC & The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) CSIC & The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
- ICREA Pg. Lluis Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
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25
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Lee MS, Yee DW, Ye M, Macfarlane RJ. Nanoparticle Assembly as a Materials Development Tool. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3330-3346. [PMID: 35171596 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle assembly is a complex and versatile method of generating new materials, capable of using thousands of different combinations of particle size, shape, composition, and ligand chemistry to generate a library of unique structures. Here, a history of particle self-assembly as a strategy for materials discovery is presented, focusing on key advances in both synthesis and measurement of emergent properties to describe the current state of the field. Several key challenges for further advancement of nanoparticle assembly are also outlined, establishing a roadmap of critical research areas to enable the next generation of nanoparticle-based materials synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 13-5056 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daryl W Yee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 13-5056 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 13-5056 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert J Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 13-5056 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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26
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Lapkin D, Kirsch C, Hiller J, Andrienko D, Assalauova D, Braun K, Carnis J, Kim YY, Mandal M, Maier A, Meixner AJ, Mukharamova N, Scheele M, Schreiber F, Sprung M, Wahl J, Westendorf S, Zaluzhnyy IA, Vartanyants IA. Spatially resolved fluorescence of caesium lead halide perovskite supercrystals reveals quasi-atomic behavior of nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:892. [PMID: 35173165 PMCID: PMC8850480 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We correlate spatially resolved fluorescence (-lifetime) measurements with X-ray nanodiffraction to reveal surface defects in supercrystals of self-assembled cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals and study their effect on the fluorescence properties. Upon comparison with density functional modeling, we show that a loss in structural coherence, an increasing atomic misalignment between adjacent nanocrystals, and growing compressive strain near the surface of the supercrystal are responsible for the observed fluorescence blueshift and decreased fluorescence lifetimes. Such surface defect-related optical properties extend the frequently assumed analogy between atoms and nanocrystals as so-called quasi-atoms. Our results emphasize the importance of minimizing strain during the self-assembly of perovskite nanocrystals into supercrystals for lighting application such as superfluorescent emitters. By utilizing spatially resolved fluorescence (-lifetime) measurements and high precision X-ray nanodiffraction, the authors correlate the influence of structural misalignment and fluorescence (-lifetime) properties of all-inorganic CsPbX3 (X– = Br–, Cl–) perovskite superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Lapkin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Kirsch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Hiller
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dameli Assalauova
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jerome Carnis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Young Yong Kim
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mukunda Mandal
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andre Maier
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Scheele
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Wahl
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Westendorf
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivan A Zaluzhnyy
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivan A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany. .,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409, Moscow, Russia.
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27
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Liu J, Zheng X, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM. Self-Assembly and Regrowth of Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Optoelectronic Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:262-274. [PMID: 35037453 PMCID: PMC8811956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Over the past decade, the impressive development
of metal halide
perovskites (MHPs) has made them leading candidates for applications
in photovoltaics (PVs), X-ray scintillators, and light-emitting diodes
(LEDs). Constructing MHP nanocrystals (NCs) with promising optoelectronic
properties using a low-cost approach is critical to realizing their
commercial potential. Self-assembly and regrowth techniques provide
a simple and powerful “bottom-up” platform for controlling
the structure, shape, and dimensionality of MHP NCs. The soft ionic
nature of MHP NCs, in conjunction with their low formation energy,
rapid anion exchange, and ease of ion migration, enables the rearrangement
of their overall appearance via self-assembly or regrowth. Because
of their low formation energy and highly dynamic surface ligands,
MHP NCs have a higher propensity to regrow than conventional hard-lattice
NCs. Moreover, their self-assembly and regrowth can be achieved simultaneously.
The self-assembly of NCs into close-packed, long-range-ordered mesostructures
provides a platform for modulating their electronic properties (e.g.,
conductivity and carrier mobility). Moreover, assembled MHP NCs exhibit
collective properties (e.g., superfluorescence, renormalized emission,
longer phase coherence times, and long exciton diffusion lengths)
that can translate into dramatic improvements in device performance.
Further regrowth into fused MHP nanostructures with the removal of
ligand barriers between NCs could facilitate charge carrier transport,
eliminate surface point defects, and enhance stability against moisture,
light, and electron-beam irradiation. However, the synthesis strategies,
diversity and complexity of structures, and optoelectronic applications
that emanate from the self-assembly and regrowth of MHPs have not
yet received much attention. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding
of the design principles of self-assembled and fused MHP nanostructures
will fuel further advances in their optoelectronic applications. In this Account, we review the latest developments in the self-assembly
and regrowth of MHP NCs. We begin with a survey of the mechanisms,
driving forces, and techniques for controlling MHP NC self-assembly.
We then explore the phase transition of fused MHP nanostructures at
the atomic level, delving into the mechanisms of facet-directed connections
and the kinetics of their shape-modulation behavior, which have been
elucidated with the aid of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
(HRTEM) and first-principles density functional theory calculations
of surface energies. We further outline the applications of assembled
and fused nanostructures. Finally, we conclude with a perspective
on current challenges and future directions in the field of MHP NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Liu
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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28
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Wang J, Kang E, Sultan U, Merle B, Inayat A, Graczykowski B, Fytas G, Vogel N. Influence of Surfactant-Mediated Interparticle Contacts on the Mechanical Stability of Supraparticles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:23445-23456. [PMID: 34737841 PMCID: PMC8558861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal supraparticles are micron-scale spherical assemblies of uniform primary particles, which exhibit emergent properties of a colloidal crystal, yet exist as a dispersible powder. A prerequisite to utilize these emergent functionalities is that the supraparticles maintain their mechanical integrity upon the mechanical impacts that are likely to occur during processing. Understanding how the internal structure relates to the resultant mechanical properties of a supraparticle is therefore of general interest. Here, we take the example of supraparticles templated from water/fluorinated oil emulsions in droplet-based microfluidics and explore the effect of surfactants on their mechanical properties. Stable emulsions can be generated by nonionic block copolymers consisting of a hydrophilic and fluorophilic block and anionic fluorosurfactants widely available under the brand name Krytox. The supraparticles formed in the presence of both types of surfactants appear structurally similar, but differ greatly in their mechanical properties. While the nonionic surfactant induces superior mechanical stability and ductile fracture behavior, the anionic Krytox surfactant leads to weak supraparticles with brittle fracture. We complement this macroscopic picture with Brillouin light spectroscopy that is very sensitive to the interparticle contacts for subnanometer-thick adsorbed layers atop of the nanoparticle. While the anionic Krytox does not significantly affect the interparticle bonds, the amphiphilic nonionic surfactant drastically strengthens these bonds to the point that individual particle vibrations are not resolved in the experimental spectrum. Our results demonstrate that seemingly subtle changes in the physicochemical properties of supraparticles can drastically impact the resultant mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eunsoo Kang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Umair Sultan
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benoit Merle
- Materials
Science and Engineering I and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured
Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Inayat
- Institute
of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - George Fytas
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- E-mail:
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29
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Wang J, Schwenger J, Ströbel A, Feldner P, Herre P, Romeis S, Peukert W, Merle B, Vogel N. Mechanics of colloidal supraparticles under compression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj0954. [PMID: 34644116 PMCID: PMC11095630 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal supraparticles are finite, spherical assemblies of many primary particles. To take advantage of their emergent functionalities, such supraparticles must retain their structural integrity. Here, we investigate their size-dependent mechanical properties via nanoindentation. We find that the deformation resistance inversely scales with the primary particle diameter, while the work of deformation is dependent on the supraparticle diameter. We adopt the Griffith theory to such particulate systems to provide a predictive scaling to relate the fracture stress to the geometry of supraparticles. The interplay between primary particle material and cohesive interparticle forces dictates the mechanical properties of supraparticles. We find that enhanced stability, associated with ductile fracture, can be achieved if supraparticles are engineered to dissipate more energy via deformation of primary particles than breaking of interparticle bonds. Our work provides a coherent framework to analyze, predict, and design the mechanical properties of colloidal supraparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Schwenger
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströbel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Feldner
- Materials Science & Engineering I and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Herre
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Romeis
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benoit Merle
- Materials Science & Engineering I and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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30
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Ji Z, Freund R, Diercks CS, Hirschle P, Yaghi OM, Wuttke S. From Molecules to Frameworks to Superframework Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103808. [PMID: 34499785 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Building chemical structures of complexity and functionality approaching the level of biological systems is an ongoing challenge. A general synthetic strategy is proposed by which progressive levels of complexity are achieved through the building block approach whereby molecularly defined constructs at one level serve as constituent units of the next level, all being linked through strong bonds-"augmented reticular chemistry". Specifically, current knowledge of linking metal complexes and organic molecules into reticular frameworks is applied here to linking the crystals of these frameworks into supercrystals (superframeworks). This strategy allows for the molecular control exercised on the molecular regime to be translated into higher augmentation levels to produce systems capable of dynamics and complex functionality far exceeding current materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ji
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ralph Freund
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 11, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian S Diercks
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Patrick Hirschle
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 11, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Omar M Yaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Joint UAEU-UC Berkeley Laboratories for Materials Innovations, UAE University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 11, 81377, Munich, Germany
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
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31
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Macfarlane RJ. From Nano to Macro: Thinking Bigger in Nanoparticle Assembly. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7432-7434. [PMID: 34478312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 13-5056 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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32
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Kampferbeck M, Klauke LR, Weller H, Vossmeyer T. Little Adjustments Significantly Simplify the Gram-Scale Synthesis of High-Quality Iron Oxide Nanocubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9851-9857. [PMID: 34343009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a facile one-step protocol for the gram-scale synthesis of iron oxide nanocubes with adjustable sizes ranging from 13 to 20 nm and with size distributions between 7 and 12%. As X-ray diffraction indicated the initial formation of the wüstite phase, a formation mechanism of the nanocubes based on the wüstite crystal structure is proposed. When exposed to ambient conditions, the nanoparticles rapidly oxidize to magnetite/maghemite with a remaining wüstite core. The cubic morphology is attributed to the thermodynamic stability of the exposed {100} facets and the control over the growth rate via the use of a sodium oleate/oleic acid mixed ligand system. In contrast to previously reported procedures, the described synthetic approach does not require the initial preparation and isolation of iron oleate. Therefore, the amount of work and the consumption of hazardous solvents are significantly reduced. Thus, the method presented is much more efficient and environmentally more friendly while maintaining excellent control over the particles' shape, size, and size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kampferbeck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
| | - Lea R Klauke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
- Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
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33
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Creutzburg M, Sellschopp K, Tober S, Grånäs E, Vonk V, Mayr-Schmölzer W, Müller S, Noei H, Vonbun-Feldbauer GB, Stierle A. Heterogeneous Adsorption and Local Ordering of Formate on a Magnetite Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3847-3852. [PMID: 33852797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel heterogeneous adsorption mechanism of formic acid on the magnetite (111) surface. Our experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations give evidence for dissociative adsorption of formic acid in quasibidentate and chelating geometries. The latter is induced by the presence of iron vacancies at the surface, making oxygen atoms accessible for hydrogen atoms from dissociated formic acid. DFT calculations predict that both adsorption geometries are energetically favorable under our experimental conditions. The calculations prove that the locally observed (√3 × √3)R 30° superstructure consists of three formate molecules in a triangular arrangement, adsorbed predominantly in a chelating geometry. The results show how defects can stabilize alternative adsorption geometries, which is a crucial ingredient for a detailed atomistic understanding of reaction barriers on magnetite and other oxide surfaces, as well as for the stability of carboxylic acid based nanocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Creutzburg
- DESY NanoLab, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sellschopp
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Tober
- DESY NanoLab, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elin Grånäs
- DESY NanoLab, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vedran Vonk
- DESY NanoLab, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wernfried Mayr-Schmölzer
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heshmat Noei
- DESY NanoLab, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gregor B Vonbun-Feldbauer
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- DESY NanoLab, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
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34
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Sato T, Kobayashi Y, Michioka T, Arai N. Self-assembly of polymer-tethered nanoparticles with uniform and Janus surfaces in nanotubes. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:4047-4058. [PMID: 33725068 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00009h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a coarse-grained molecular simulation was performed to investigate the morphologies and phase diagrams of self-assembled polymer-tethered nanoparticles (NPs) confined in nanotubes (NTs). Unlike ordinary NPs, polymer-tethered NPs have two distinct characteristic lengths, which are key factors that determine their self-assembly. Herein, two distinct types of NT walls and three types of polymer-tethered NPs were considered: hydrophilic and hydrophobic walls, and hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and Janus surfaces. First, the qualitative phase diagrams of the axial pressure, Pz, versus the ratio of the NT radius to the NP radius, L, were derived. The results revealed that diverse self-assembled morphologies, which are not formed in non-tethered NPs, were observed in the polymer-tethered NPs. For example, three types of ordered structures with different structural characteristic lengths, depending on Pz, were obtained. In addition, the effect of the chemical nature of the polymer-tethered NP surface on the self-assembled morphology confined in NTs was investigated. Clusters of water molecules were formed, particularly in the hydrophobic polymer-tethered NPs, and these clusters caused the structural distortion of the NP. Moreover, in the polymer-tethered NPs with the Janus amphiphilic surface, the hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer tethered NPs assembled in the axial direction to form an ordered structure, and a double-helix structure was formed at L = 3.0 in the hydrophobic NT. The results of these simulations indicate that the self-assembly behaviours of polymer-tethered NPs can be qualitatively predicted based on the chemical nature of the NT walls and the surface design of the polymer-tethered NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Sato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yusei Kobayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Takenobu Michioka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Arai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
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35
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Giuntini D, Davydok A, Blankenburg M, Domènech B, Bor B, Li M, Scheider I, Krywka C, Müller M, Schneider GA. Deformation Behavior of Cross-Linked Supercrystalline Nanocomposites: An in Situ SAXS/WAXS Study during Uniaxial Compression. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2891-2897. [PMID: 33749275 PMCID: PMC8155193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-expanding functional applications of supercrystalline nanocomposites (a relatively new category of materials consisting of organically functionalized nanoparticles arranged into periodic structures), it becomes necessary to ensure their structural stability and understand their deformation and failure mechanisms. Inducing the cross-linking of the functionalizing organic ligands, for instance, leads to a remarkable enhancement of the nanocomposites' mechanical properties. It is however still unknown how the cross-linked organic phase redistributes applied loads, how the supercrystalline lattice accommodates the imposed deformations, and thus in general what phenomena govern the overall material's mechanical response. This work elucidates these aspects for cross-linked supercrystalline nanocomposites through an in situ small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering study combined with uniaxial pressing. Because of this loading condition, it emerges that the cross-linked ligands effectively carry and distribute loads homogeneously throughout the nanocomposites, while the superlattice deforms via rotation, slip, and local defects generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Giuntini
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anton Davydok
- Institute
of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Malte Blankenburg
- Institute
of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Berta Domènech
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Büsra Bor
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mingjing Li
- Institute
of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Ingo Scheider
- Institute
of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Christina Krywka
- Institute
of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Institute
of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Gerold A. Schneider
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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36
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Håkonsen V, Singh G, De Toro JA, Normile PS, Wahlström E, He J, Zhang Z. Reconfigurable Mechanical Anisotropy in Self-Assembled Magnetic Superstructures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002683. [PMID: 33898170 PMCID: PMC8061348 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of mechanical properties in self-assembled superstructures of magnetic nanoparticles is a new emerging aspect of their remarkable collective behavior. However, how magnetic interactions modulate mechanical properties is, to date, not fully understood. Through a comprehensive Monte Carlo investigation, this study demonstrates how the mechanical properties of self-assembled magnetic nanocubes can be controlled intrinsically by the nanoparticle magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MA), as well as by the superstructure shape anisotropy, without any need for changes in structural design (i.e., nanoparticle size, shape, and packing arrangement). A low MA-to-dipolar energy ratio, as found in iron oxide and permalloy systems, favors isotropic mechanical superstructure stabilization, whereas a high ratio yields magnetically blocked nanoparticle macrospins which can give rise to metastable superferromagnetism, as expected in cobalt ferrite simple cubic supercrystals. Such full parallel alignment of the particle moments is shown to induce mechanical anisotropy, where the superior high-strength axis can be remotely reconfigured by means of an applied magnetic field. The new concepts developed here pave the way for the experimental realization of smart magneto-micromechanical systems (based, e.g., on the permanent super-magnetostriction effect illustrated here) and inspire new design rules for applied functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verner Håkonsen
- NTNU Nanomechanical LabDepartment of Structural EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW2008Australia
- Sydney Nano InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW2008Australia
| | - José A. De Toro
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física AplicadaUniversidad de Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad Real13071Spain
| | - Peter S. Normile
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física AplicadaUniversidad de Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad Real13071Spain
| | - Erik Wahlström
- Center for Quantum SpintronicsDepartment of PhysicsNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway
| | - Jianying He
- NTNU Nanomechanical LabDepartment of Structural EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- NTNU Nanomechanical LabDepartment of Structural EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway
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37
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Macroscopic materials assembled from nanoparticle superlattices. Nature 2021; 591:586-591. [PMID: 33762767 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle assembly has been proposed as an ideal means to program the hierarchical organization of a material by using a selection of nanoscale components to build the entire material from the bottom up. Multiscale structural control is highly desirable because chemical composition, nanoscale ordering, microstructure and macroscopic form all affect physical properties1,2. However, the chemical interactions that typically dictate nanoparticle ordering3-5 do not inherently provide any means to manipulate structure at larger length scales6-9. Nanoparticle-based materials development therefore requires processing strategies to tailor micro- and macrostructure without sacrificing their self-assembled nanoscale arrangements. Here we demonstrate methods to rapidly assemble gram-scale quantities of faceted nanoparticle superlattice crystallites that can be further shaped into macroscopic objects in a manner analogous to the sintering of bulk solids. The key advance of this method is that the chemical interactions that govern nanoparticle assembly remain active during the subsequent processing steps, which enables the local nanoscale ordering of the particles to be preserved as the macroscopic materials are formed. The nano- and microstructure of the bulk solids can be tuned as a function of the size, chemical makeup and crystallographic symmetry of the superlattice crystallites, and the micro- and macrostructures can be controlled via subsequent processing steps. This work therefore provides a versatile method to simultaneously control structural organization across the molecular to macroscopic length scales.
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38
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Dey J, Lee SJ, Kim J, Lim SH, Ha JM, Lee MJ, Choi SM. Spontaneous Formation of Highly Stable Nanoparticle Supercrystals Driven by a Covalent Bonding Interaction. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:258-264. [PMID: 33372784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle supercrystals (NPSCs) are of great interest as materials with emergent properties. Different types of intermolecular forces, such as van der Waals interaction and hydrogen bonding, are present in the NPSCs fabricated to date. However, the limited structural stability of such NPSCs that results from the weakness of these intermolecular forces is a challenge. Here, we report a spontaneous formation of NPSCs driven by covalent bonding interactions, a type of intramolecular force much stronger than the above-mentioned intermolecular forces. A model solution-phase anhydride reaction is used to form covalent bonds between molecules grafted on the surface of gold nanoparticles, resulting in three-dimensional NPSCs. The NPSCs are very stable in different solvents, in dried conditions, and at temperatures as high as 160 °C. In addition to this, the large library of covalent-bond-forming reactions available and the low cost of reactants make the covalent bonding approach highly versatile and economical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahar Dey
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jo Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwhan Kim
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Lim
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Ha
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jae Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Choi
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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39
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Giuntini D, Zhao S, Krekeler T, Li M, Blankenburg M, Bor B, Schaan G, Domènech B, Müller M, Scheider I, Ritter M, Schneider GA. Defects and plasticity in ultrastrong supercrystalline nanocomposites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabb6063. [PMID: 33523985 PMCID: PMC7793591 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Supercrystalline nanocomposites are nanoarchitected materials with a growing range of applications but unexplored in their structural behavior. They typically consist of organically functionalized inorganic nanoparticles arranged into periodic structures analogous to crystalline lattices, including superlattice imperfections induced by processing or mechanical loading. Although featuring a variety of promising functional properties, their lack of mechanical robustness and unknown deformation mechanisms hamper their implementation into devices. We show that supercrystalline materials react to indentation with the same deformation patterns encountered in single crystals. Supercrystals accommodate plastic deformation in the form of pile-ups, dislocations, and slip bands. These phenomena occur, at least partially, also after cross-linking of the organic ligands, which leads to a multifold strengthening of the nanocomposites. The classic shear theories of crystalline materials are found to describe well the behavior of supercrystalline nanocomposites, which result to feature an elastoplastic behavior, accompanied by compaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Giuntini
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - S Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, USA
| | - T Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Li
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - M Blankenburg
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - B Bor
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Schaan
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Domènech
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - I Scheider
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - M Ritter
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
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40
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Plunkett A, Eldridge C, Schneider GA, Domènech B. Controlling the Large-Scale Fabrication of Supraparticles. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11263-11272. [PMID: 33211501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the nanoscale interactions of colloidal building blocks is a key step for the transition from single nanoparticles to tailor-made, architected morphologies and their further integration into functional materials. Solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly within emulsion droplets emerges as a fast, versatile, and low-cost approach to obtain spherical, complex structures, such as supraparticles. Nevertheless, some process-structure relationships able to describe the effects of emulsion conditions on the synthesis outcomes still remain to be understood. Here, we explore the effect of different physicochemical parameters of emulsion-templated self-assembly (ETSA) on supraparticles' formation. Supraparticle size, size dispersity, microporosity, and sample homogeneity are rationalized based on the used surfactant formulation, stabilization mechanism, and viscosity of the emulsion. We further demonstrate the significance of the parameters found by optimizing a transferable, large-scale (gram-size) ETSA setup for the controlled synthesis of spherical supraparticles in a range of defined sizes (from 0.1-10 μm). Ultimately, our results provide new key synthetic parameters able to control the process, promoting the development of supraparticle-based, functional nanomaterials for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Plunkett
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | - Catriona Eldridge
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | - Berta Domènech
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany
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41
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Bor B, Heilmann L, Domènech B, Kampferbeck M, Vossmeyer T, Weller H, Schneider GA, Giuntini D. Mapping the Mechanical Properties of Hierarchical Supercrystalline Ceramic-Organic Nanocomposites. Molecules 2020; 25:E4790. [PMID: 33086563 PMCID: PMC7587535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiscale ceramic-organic supercrystalline nanocomposites with two levels of hierarchy have been developed via self-assembly with tailored content of the organic phase. These nanocomposites consist of organically functionalized ceramic nanoparticles forming supercrystalline micron-sized grains, which are in turn embedded in an organic-rich matrix. By applying an additional heat treatment step at mild temperatures (250-350 °C), the mechanical properties of the hierarchical nanocomposites are here enhanced. The heat treatment leads to partial removal and crosslinking of the organic phase, minimizing the volume occupied by the nanocomposites' soft phase and triggering the formation of covalent bonds through the organic ligands interfacing the ceramic nanoparticles. Elastic modulus and hardness up to 45 and 2.5 GPa are attained, while the hierarchical microstructure is preserved. The presence of an organic phase between the supercrystalline grains provides a toughening effect, by curbing indentation-induced cracks. A mapping of the nanocomposites' mechanical properties reveals the presence of multiple microstructural features and how they evolve with heat treatment temperature. A comparison with non-hierarchical, homogeneous supercrystalline nanocomposites with lower organic content confirms how the hierarchy-inducing organic excess results in toughening, while maintaining the beneficial effects of crosslinking on the materials' stiffness and hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büsra Bor
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; (B.B.); (L.H.); (B.D.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Lydia Heilmann
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; (B.B.); (L.H.); (B.D.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Berta Domènech
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; (B.B.); (L.H.); (B.D.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Michael Kampferbeck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (T.V.); (H.W.)
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (T.V.); (H.W.)
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (T.V.); (H.W.)
| | - Gerold A. Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; (B.B.); (L.H.); (B.D.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Diletta Giuntini
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; (B.B.); (L.H.); (B.D.); (G.A.S.)
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43
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Tang Y, Gomez L, Lesage A, Marino E, Kodger TE, Meijer JM, Kolpakov P, Meng J, Zheng K, Gregorkiewicz T, Schall P. Highly Stable Perovskite Supercrystals via Oil-in-Oil Templating. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5997-6004. [PMID: 32701303 PMCID: PMC7431010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic perovskites display an enticing foreground for their wide range of optoelectronic applications. Recently, supercrystals (SCs) of inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have been reported to possess highly ordered structure as well as novel collective optical properties, opening new opportunities for efficient films. Here, we report the large-scale assembly control of spherical, cubic, and hexagonal SCs of inorganic perovskite NCs through templating by oil-in-oil emulsions. We show that an interplay between the roundness of the cubic NCs and the tension of the confining droplet surface sets the superstructure morphology, and we exploit this interplay to design dense hyperlattices of SCs. The SC films show strongly enhanced stability for at least two months without obvious structural degradation and minor optical changes. Our results on the controlled large-scale assembly of perovskite NC superstructures provide new prospects for the bottom-up production of optoelectronic devices based on the microfluidic production of mesoscopic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Tang
- Institute
of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leyre Gomez
- Institute
of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC, BIST, and CIBER-BBN, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnon Lesage
- Institute
of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Marino
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, 19104-6323 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Thomas E. Kodger
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University
& Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janne-Mieke Meijer
- Institute
of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Kolpakov
- Institute
of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Meng
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens
Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens
Lyngby, Denmark
- Department
of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tom Gregorkiewicz
- Institute
of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Schall
- Institute
of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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44
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Deng K, Luo Z, Tan L, Quan Z. Self-assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles into functional superstructures. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6002-6038. [PMID: 32692337 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) into superstructures offers a flexible and promising pathway to manipulate the nanometer-sized particles and thus make full use of their unique properties. This bottom-up strategy builds a bridge between the NP regime and a new class of transformative materials across multiple length scales for technological applications. In this field, anisotropic NPs with size- and shape-dependent physical properties as self-assembly building blocks have long fascinated scientists. Self-assembly of anisotropic NPs not only opens up exciting opportunities to engineer a variety of intriguing and complex superlattice architectures, but also provides access to discover emergent collective properties that stem from their ordered arrangement. Thus, this has stimulated enormous research interests in both fundamental science and technological applications. This present review comprehensively summarizes the latest advances in this area, and highlights their rich packing behaviors from the viewpoint of NP shape. We provide the basics of the experimental techniques to produce NP superstructures and structural characterization tools, and detail the delicate assembled structures. Then the current understanding of the assembly dynamics is discussed with the assistance of in situ studies, followed by emergent collective properties from these NP assemblies. Finally, we end this article with the remaining challenges and outlook, hoping to encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zhishan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zewei Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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45
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Lavorato GC, Rubert AA, Xing Y, Das R, Robles J, Litterst FJ, Baggio-Saitovitch E, Phan MH, Srikanth H, Vericat C, Fonticelli MH. Shell-mediated control of surface chemistry of highly stoichiometric magnetite nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13626-13636. [PMID: 32558841 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are one of the most studied nanomaterials for different nanotechnological and biomedical applications. However, Fe3O4 nanomaterials gradually oxidize to maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) under conventional environmental conditions leading to changes in their functional properties that determine their performance in many applications. Here we propose a novel strategy to control the surface chemistry of monodisperse 12 nm magnetite nanoparticles by means of a 3 nm-thick Zn-ferrite epitaxial coating in core/shell nanostructures. We have carried out a combined Mössbauer spectroscopy, dc magnetometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy study on iron oxide and Fe3O4/Zn0.6Fe2.4O4 core/shell nanoparticles aged under ambient conditions for 6 months. Our results reveal that while the aged iron oxide nanoparticles consist of a mixture of γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, the Zn-ferrite-coating preserves a highly stoichiometric Fe3O4 core. Therefore, the aged core/shell nanoparticles present a sharp Verwey transition, an increased saturation magnetization and the possibility of tuning the effective anisotropy through exchange-coupling at the core/shell interface. The inhibition of the oxidation of the Fe3O4 cores can be accounted for in terms of the chemical nature of the shell layer and an epitaxial crystal symmetry matching between the core and the shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C Lavorato
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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46
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Wang Z, Singaravelu ASS, Dai R, Nian Q, Chawla N, Wang RY. Ligand Crosslinking Boosts Thermal Transport in Colloidal Nanocrystal Solids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9556-9563. [PMID: 32107835 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing interest in colloidal nanocrystal solids for electronic and photonic devices necessitates that their thermal-transport properties be well understood because heat dissipation frequently limits performance in these devices. Unfortunately, colloidal nanocrystal solids generally possess very low thermal conductivities. This very low thermal conductivity primarily results from the weak van der Waals interaction between the ligands of adjacent nanocrystals. We overcome this thermal-transport bottleneck by crosslinking the ligands to exchange a weak van der Waals interaction with a strong covalent bond. We obtain thermal conductivities of up to 1.7 Wm-1 K-1 that exceed prior reported values by a factor of 4. This improvement is significant because the entire range of prior reported values themselves only span a factor of 4 (i.e., 0.1-0.4 Wm-1 K-1 ). We complement our thermal-conductivity measurements with mechanical nanoindentation measurements that demonstrate ligand crosslinking increases Young's modulus and sound velocity. This increase in sound velocity is a key bridge between mechanical and thermal properties because sound velocity and thermal conductivity are linearly proportional according to kinetic theory. Control experiments with non-crosslinkable ligands, as well as transport modeling, further confirm that ligand crosslinking boosts thermal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyong Wang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Arun Sundar S Singaravelu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Rui Dai
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Qiong Nian
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Nikhilesh Chawla
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Robert Y Wang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
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47
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Winslow SW, Swan JW, Tisdale WA. The Importance of Unbound Ligand in Nanocrystal Superlattice Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9675-9685. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W. Winslow
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - James W. Swan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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48
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Arndt B, Lechner BAJ, Bourgund A, Grånäs E, Creutzburg M, Krausert K, Hulva J, Parkinson GS, Schmid M, Vonk V, Esch F, Stierle A. Order-disorder phase transition of the subsurface cation vacancy reconstruction on Fe 3O 4(001). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8336-8343. [PMID: 32255111 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00690d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present surface X-ray diffraction and fast scanning tunneling microscopy results to elucidate the nature of the surface phase transition on magnetite (001) from a reconstructed to a non-reconstructed surface around 720 K. In situ surface X-ray diffraction at a temperature above the phase transition, at which long-range order is lost, gives evidence that the subsurface cation vacancy reconstruction still exists as a local structural motif, in line with the characteristics of a 2D second-order phase transition. Fast scanning tunneling microscopy results across the phase transition underpin the hypothesis that the reconstruction lifting is initiated by surplus Fe ions occupying subsurface octahedral vacancies. The reversible near-surface iron enrichment and reduction of the surface to stoichiometric composition is further confirmed by in situ low-energy ion scattering, as well as ultraviolet and X-ray photoemission results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Arndt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. and University of Hamburg, Physics Department, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara A J Lechner
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Alexander Bourgund
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Elin Grånäs
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marcus Creutzburg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. and University of Hamburg, Physics Department, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Krausert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. and University of Hamburg, Physics Department, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Hulva
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Schmid
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vedran Vonk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Friedrich Esch
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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Clancy AJ, Anthony DB, De Luca F. Metal Mimics: Lightweight, Strong, and Tough Nanocomposites and Nanomaterial Assemblies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15955-15975. [PMID: 32191431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ideal structural material would have high strength and stiffness with a tough ductile failure, all with a low density. Historically, no such material exists, and materials engineers have had to sacrifice a desired property during materials selection, with metals (high density), fiber composites (brittle failure), and polymers (low stiffness) having fundamental limitations on at least one front. The ongoing revolution of nanomaterials provides a potential route to build on the potential of fiber-reinforced composites, matching their strength while integrating toughening behaviors akin to metal deformations, all while using low-weight constituents. Here, the challenges, approaches, and recent developments of nanomaterials for structural applications are discussed, with an emphasis on improving toughening mechanisms, which is often the neglected factor in a field that chases strength and stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Clancy
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - David B Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - François De Luca
- Advanced Materials Characterisation group, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, U.K
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50
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Wang Z, Singaravelu ASS, Dai R, Nian Q, Chawla N, Wang RY. Ligand Crosslinking Boosts Thermal Transport in Colloidal Nanocrystal Solids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyong Wang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
| | | | - Rui Dai
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
| | - Qiong Nian
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
| | - Nikhilesh Chawla
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
| | - Robert Y. Wang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
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