1
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Kosame S, Josline MJ, Lee JH, Ju H. Anomalous spectral shift of localized surface plasmon resonance. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2636-2643. [PMID: 38752138 PMCID: PMC11093275 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01131c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We report the first observation of spectral blue shift of plasmon resonance of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to a negative optical nonlinearity of a local ambient medium, i.e., indigo carmine (IC) solution at around 420 nm wavelength. The blue shift occurred at a larger concentration of AgNPs or at a larger concentration of IC solution, being in obvious contrast to spectral red shift which was widely witnessed in plasmon spectral shift in a linear regime. Plasmon-enhanced local fields could excite the third-order optical nonlinearity for blue shift even under continuous (non-pulsed) light illumination. We also found that the plasmon-excited nonlinearity could allow for differential nonlinear response of the IC solution to be even greater than its differential linear response, though appearing to be somewhat inconsistent with what was generally known in light-matter interaction. The demonstrated properties of such anomalous shift of plasmon spectral peaks and its accompanying properties indicated that plasmon technologies could be exploited not only in linear but also in nonlinear aspects for critical optimization in plasmon-energy harvesting systems such as in surface enhanced spectroscopy/microscopy, biomedical imaging/sensing, laser frequency conversion, ultrashort pulse generation, and all-optical switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikiran Kosame
- Department of Physics, Gachon University Seongnam-si 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Mukkath Joseph Josline
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University Suwon Korea
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University Suwon Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University Suwon Korea
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University Suwon Korea
| | - Heongkyu Ju
- Department of Physics, Gachon University Seongnam-si 13120 Republic of Korea
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2
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Yao J, Wang C, Zhang C, Ma S, Zhou L, Wang T, Wang Q, Xu H, Ding T. Optoelectronic tuning of plasmon resonances via optically modulated hot electrons. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad280. [PMID: 38577663 PMCID: PMC10989291 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Fast optical modulation of nanoplasmonics is fundamental for on-chip integration of all-optical devices. Although various strategies have been proposed for dynamic modulation of surface plasmons, critical issues of device compatibility and extremely low efficiency in the visible spectrum hamper the application of optoplasmonic nanochips. Here we establish an optoplasmonic system based on Au@Cu2-xS hybrid core-shell nanoparticles. The optical excitation of hot electrons and their charge transfer to the semiconductor coating (Cu2-xS) lead to lowered electron density of Au, which results in the red shift of the localized surface plasmon resonance. The hot electrons can also transport through the Cu2-xS layer to the metal substrate, which increases the conductance of the nanogap. As such, the coupled gap plasmon blue-shifts with a magnitude of up to ∼15 nm, depending on the excitation power and the thickness of the coatings, which agrees with numerical simulations. All of this optoelectronic tuning process is highly reversible, controllable and fast with a modulated laser beam, which is highly compatible and sufficiently useful for on-chip integration of nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Song Ma
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ti Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ququan Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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3
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Ning Z, Jiang L, Sun J, Lian Y, Yuan Y, Wang R, Li J, Yang Y. Spatial Writing of Ultrafast All-Optical Switching. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9535-9542. [PMID: 38522086 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Writing spatial information on ultrafast all-optical switching is essential for constructing ultrafast processing units in photonic applications, such as optical communication and computing networks. However, most methods ignore the fabrication and imaging of controllable switching area, limiting its spatial information and the further design in ultrafast devices. Here, we propose a method to spatially write in ultrafast all-optical switching based on MAPbI3 perovskite with nanocone structure and visualize the switching effect in arbitrary designed area. Due to the light confinement effect of nanocone fabrication using a fs laser, the light is strongly absorbed by perovskite and reach saturable absorption. It leads to ultrafast broadband transmittance change with 25 fs switching time and 10% modulation depth in nanocone perovskite area. Our preparation method offers high efficiency, performance, and flexibility for the spatial writing of ultrafast all-optical switching, which is promising for developing ultrafast all-optical networks and the next generation of communication technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Ning
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, P. R. China
| | - Jingya Sun
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, P. R. China
| | - Yiling Lian
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yongjiu Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ruiyang Wang
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiafang Li
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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4
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Kim AS, Goswami A, Taghinejad M, Cai W. Phototransformation of achiral metasurfaces into handedness-selectable transient chiral media. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318713121. [PMID: 38498706 PMCID: PMC10990111 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318713121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chirality is a geometric property describing the lack of mirror symmetry. This unique feature enables photonic spin-selectivity in light-matter interaction, which is of great significance in stereochemistry, drug development, quantum optics, and optical polarization control. The versatile control of optical geometry renders optical metamaterials as an effective platform for engineered chiral properties at prescribed spectral regimes. Unfortunately, geometry-imposed restrictions only allow one circular polarization state of photons to effectively interact with chiral meta-structures. This limitation motivates the idea of discovering alternative techniques for dynamically reconfiguring the chiroptical responses of metamaterials in a fast and facile manner. Here, we demonstrate an approach that enables optical, sub-picosecond conversion of achiral meta-structures to transient chiral media in the visible regime with desired handedness upon the inhomogeneous generation of plasmonic hot electrons. As a proof of concept, we utilize linearly polarized laser pulse to demonstrate near-complete conversion of spin sensitivity in an achiral meta-platform-a functionality yet achieved in a non-mechanical fashion. Owing to the generation, diffusion, and relaxation dynamics of hot electrons, the demonstrated technique for all-optical creation of chirality is inherently fast, opening new avenues for ultrafast spectro-temporal construction of chiral platforms with on-demand spin-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332
| | - Anjan Goswami
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332
| | - Mohammad Taghinejad
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Wenshan Cai
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332
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5
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Masharin MA, Oskolkova T, Isik F, Volkan Demir H, Samusev AK, Makarov SV. Giant Ultrafast All-Optical Modulation Based on Exceptional Points in Exciton-Polariton Perovskite Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3447-3455. [PMID: 38252695 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafast all-optical modulation with optically resonant nanostructures is an essential technology for high-speed signal processing on a compact optical chip. Key challenges that exist in this field are relatively low and slow modulations in the visible range as well as the use of expensive materials. Here we develop an ultrafast all-optical modulator based on MAPbBr3 perovskite metasurface supporting exciton-polariton states with exceptional points. The additional angular and spectral filtering of the modulated light transmitted through the designed metasurface allows us to achieve 2500% optical signal modulation with the shortest modulation time of 440 fs at the pump fluence of ∼40 μJ/cm2. Such a value of the modulation depth is record-high among the existing modulators in the visible range, while the main physical effect behind it is polariton condensation. Scalable and cheap metasurface fabrication via nanoimprint lithography along with the simplicity of perovskite synthesis and deposition make the developed approach promising for real-life applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Masharin
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Laboratory of Bionanophotonic, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Oskolkova
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Furkan Isik
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Anton K Samusev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Sergey V Makarov
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
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6
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Dalal K, Sharma Y. Plasmonic switches based on VO 2as the phase change material. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:142001. [PMID: 38100839 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in the design and development of plasmonic switches based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) is presented. Plasmonic switches are employed in applications such as integrated photonics, plasmonic logic circuits and computing networks for light routing and switching, and are based on the switching of the plasmonic properties under the effect of an external stimulus. In the last few decades, plasmonic switches have seen a significant growth because of their ultra-fast switching speed, wide spectral tunability, ultra-compact size, and low losses. In this review, first, the mechanism of the semiconductor to metal phase transition in VO2is discussed and the reasons for employing VO2over other phase change materials for plasmonic switching are described. Subsequently, an exhaustive review and comparison of the current state-of-the-art plasmonic switches based on VO2proposed in the last decade is carried out. As the phase transition in VO2can be activated by application of temperature, voltage or optical light pulses, this review paper has been categorized into thermally-activated, electrically-activated, and optically-activated plasmonic switches based on VO2operating in the visible, near-infrared, infrared and terahertz frequency regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Dalal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Yashna Sharma
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
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7
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Jiang S, Li Z, Tang J, Huang W, Tan Z, Pan D, Chen X, Nie G. Tailoring linear and nonlinear plasmons of metal/MoS 2/metal nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2058-2065. [PMID: 38126702 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03861k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the linear and nonlinear response of the localized surface plasmons (LSPs) and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in metal and MoS2 nanostructures. The results show that the response of LSPs and SPPs has an important influence on the energy exchange. SPPs with unique non-radiative characteristics can be used as energy recovery tanks to reuse the radiated energy of LSPs and promote the production of hot carriers. The energy exchange through plasmon modes can promote the transfer of hot electrons in the Au grating, the MoS2 layer, and the metal film. The fundamental field induces the increase of the second harmonic wave by introducing the second-order nonlinear source. In addition, the evolution of the lifetime of linear and nonlinear plasmonic modes is also investigated to study the underlying mechanism of the micro process in the plasmonic-photonic interaction. The plasmonic energy exchanging configuration overcomes the challenge by utilizing hot carriers. It is instructive in terms of improving the linear and nonlinear performance of plasmonic opto-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqing Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde 415000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zonglin Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwu Tang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde 415000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen Huang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde 415000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zanxian Tan
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde 415000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dingyu Pan
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde 415000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiyang Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde 415000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guozheng Nie
- School of Microelectronics and Physics, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, People's Republic of China.
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, People's Republic of China
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8
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Luo B, Wang W, Zhao Y, Zhao Y. Hot-Electron Dynamics Mediated Medical Diagnosis and Therapy. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10808-10833. [PMID: 37603096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance excitation significantly enhances the absorption of light and increases the generation of "hot" electrons, i.e., conducting electrons that are raised from their steady states to excited states. These excited electrons rapidly decay and equilibrate via radiative and nonradiative damping over several hundred femtoseconds. During the hot-electron dynamics, from their generation to the ultimate nonradiative decay, the electromagnetic field enhancement, hot electron density increase, and local heating effect are sequentially induced. Over the past decade, these physical phenomena have attracted considerable attention in the biomedical field, e.g., the rapid and accurate identification of biomolecules, precise synthesis and release of drugs, and elimination of tumors. This review highlights the recent developments in the application of hot-electron dynamics in medical diagnosis and therapy, particularly fully integrated device techniques with good application prospects. In addition, we discuss the latest experimental and theoretical studies of underlying mechanisms. From a practical standpoint, the pioneering modeling analyses and quantitative measurements in the extreme near field are summarized to illustrate the quantification of hot-electron dynamics. Finally, the prospects and remaining challenges associated with biomedical engineering based on hot-electron dynamics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Service Behavior and Structural Safety of Petroleum Pipe and Equipment Materials, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute (TGRI), Xi'an 710077, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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9
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Stefaniuk T, Nicholls LH, Córdova-Castro RM, Nasir ME, Zayats AV. Nonlocality-Enabled Pulse Management in Epsilon-Near-Zero Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2107023. [PMID: 35025119 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort optical pulses are integral to probing various physical, chemical, and biological phenomena and feature in a whole host of applications, not least in data communications. Super- and subluminal pulse propagation and dispersion management (DM) are two of the greatest challenges in producing or counteracting modifications of ultrashort optical pulses when precise control over pulse characteristics is required. Progress in modern photonics toward integrated solutions and applications has intensified this need for greater control of ultrafast pulses in nanoscale dimensions. Metamaterials, with their unique ability to provide designed optical properties, offer a new avenue for temporal pulse engineering. Here an epsilon-near-zero metamaterial is employed, exhibiting strong nonlocal (spatial dispersion) effects, to temporally shape optical pulses. The authors experimentally demonstrate, over a wide bandwidth of tens of THz, the ability to switch from sub to superluminal and further to "backward" pulse propagation (±c/20) in the same metamaterial device by simply controlling the angle of illumination. Both the amplitude and phase of a 10 ps pulse can be controlled through DM in this subwavelength device. Shaping ultrashort optical pulses with metamaterials promises to be advantageous in laser physics, optical communications, imaging, and spectroscopy applications using both integrated and free-standing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Stefaniuk
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Luke H Nicholls
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - R Margoth Córdova-Castro
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Mazhar E Nasir
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
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10
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Moradi M. Thermally tunable Dyakonov surface waves in semiconductor nanowire metamaterials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12353. [PMID: 37524881 PMCID: PMC10390483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of engineered metamaterials has enabled the fabrication of tunable photonic devices capable of manipulating the characteristics of electromagnetic surface waves. Integration of semiconductors in metamaterials is a proven approach for creating thermally tunable metamaterials through temperature control of the semiconductor carrier density. In this paper, an interface consisting of an isotropic dielectric material as a cover and an indium antimonide (InSb) nanowire metamaterial as a substrate, is theoretically introduced to investigate the propagation conditions of Dyakonov surface waves in terahertz (THz) frequencies. Various temperature-dependent properties of Dyakonov surface waves in such a geometry is studied, including allowed THz regions, angular existence domain, dispersion relation, directionality, localization degree and figure of merit. The proposed configuration due to the presence of significant birefringence in InSb nanowire metamaterial, has potential applications in THz sensing, imaging and spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Moradi
- Interdisciplinary Studies Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Liu D, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Qing YM, Wang Y, Huang H, Leung CW, Lei D. Light-Triggered Reversible Tuning of Second-Harmonic Generation in a Photoactive Plasmonic Molecular Nanocavity. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37067172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ultrasmall mode volume and ultralarge local field enhancement of compact plasmonic nanocavities have been widely explored to amplify a variety of optical phenomena at the nanoscale. Other than passively generating near-field enhancements, dynamic tuning of their intensity and associated nonlinear optical processes such as second-harmonic generation (SHG) play vital roles in the field of active nanophotonics. Here we apply a host-guest molecular complex to construct a photoswitchable molecule-sandwiched metallic particle-on-film nanocavity (MPoFN) and demonstrate both light-controlled linear and nonlinear optical tuning. Under alternating illumination of ultraviolet (UV) and visible light, the photoactive plasmonic molecular nanocavity shows reversible switching of both surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and plasmon resonance. Surprisingly, we observe more significant modulation of SHG from this photoactive MPoFN, which can be explained qualitatively by the quantum conductivity theory (QCT). Our study could pave the way for developing miniaturized integrated optical circuits for ultrafast all-optical information processing and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Optoelectronics and Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Ming Qing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaorong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Wah Leung
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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12
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Kim AS, Taghinejad M, Goswami A, Raju L, Lee K, Cai W. Tailored Dispersion of Spectro-Temporal Dynamics in Hot-Carrier Plasmonics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205434. [PMID: 36658727 PMCID: PMC10015883 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast optical switching in plasmonic platforms relies on the third-order Kerr nonlinearity, which is tightly linked to the dynamics of hot carriers in nanostructured metals. Although extensively utilized, a fundamental understanding on the dependence of the switching dynamics upon optical resonances has often been overlooked. Here, all-optical control of resonance bands in a hybrid photonic-plasmonic crystal is employed as an empowering technique for probing the resonance-dependent switching dynamics upon hot carrier formation. Differential optical transmission measurements reveal an enhanced switching performance near the anti-crossing point arising from strong coupling between local and nonlocal resonance modes. Furthermore, entangled with hot-carrier dynamics, the nonlinear correspondence between optical resonances and refractive index change results in tailorable dispersion of recovery speeds which can notably deviate from the characteristic lifetime of hot carriers. The comprehensive understanding provides new protocols for optically characterizing hot-carrier dynamics and optimizing resonance-based all-optical switches for operations across the visible spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Mohammad Taghinejad
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Anjan Goswami
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Lakshmi Raju
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Kyu‐Tae Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Wenshan Cai
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
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13
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Yang H, Dai H, Chen X. Ultra-narrowband filter based on the metal-cladding resonant waveguide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:46861-46869. [PMID: 36558627 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The simple and effective optical filter is the significantly scientific and technical interest in optical signal processing and communication. Especially, the development of microsystem integration is limited in traditional optical filters, due to the complicated structure, small choice, large cost, etc. In this paper, we report an ultra-narrowband filter based on a metal-cladding resonant waveguide. Therein, the ultra-narrowband resonant mode is achieved based on the resonance screening of incident light and cavity modes. According to the experimental data, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) can reach less than 0.1 nm. Furthermore, the resonant peak of FWMH is determined by the thickness of the waveguide, and the resonant wavelength can be selected by changing the incident angle.
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14
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Wang P, Krasavin AV, Liu L, Jiang Y, Li Z, Guo X, Tong L, Zayats AV. Molecular Plasmonics with Metamaterials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15031-15081. [PMID: 36194441 PMCID: PMC9562285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular plasmonics, the area which deals with the interactions between surface plasmons and molecules, has received enormous interest in fundamental research and found numerous technological applications. Plasmonic metamaterials, which offer rich opportunities to control the light intensity, field polarization, and local density of electromagnetic states on subwavelength scales, provide a versatile platform to enhance and tune light-molecule interactions. A variety of applications, including spontaneous emission enhancement, optical modulation, optical sensing, and photoactuated nanochemistry, have been reported by exploiting molecular interactions with plasmonic metamaterials. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the developments of molecular plasmonics with metamaterials. After a brief introduction to the optical properties of plasmonic metamaterials and relevant fabrication approaches, we discuss light-molecule interactions in plasmonic metamaterials in both weak and strong coupling regimes. We then highlight the exploitation of molecules in metamaterials for applications ranging from emission control and optical modulation to optical sensing. The role of hot carriers generated in metamaterials for nanochemistry is also discussed. Perspectives on the future development of molecular plasmonics with metamaterials conclude the review. The use of molecules in combination with designer metamaterials provides a rich playground both to actively control metamaterials using molecular interactions and, in turn, to use metamaterials to control molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Alexey V Krasavin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Lufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Yunlu Jiang
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
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15
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Cheng OHC, Zhao B, Brawley Z, Son DH, Sheldon MT. Active Tuning of Plasmon Damping via Light Induced Magnetism. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5120-5126. [PMID: 35759697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized optical excitation of plasmonic nanostructures causes coherent circulating motion of their electrons, which in turn gives rise to strong optically induced magnetization, a phenomenon known as the inverse Faraday effect (IFE). In this study we report how the IFE also significantly decreases plasmon damping. By modulating the optical polarization state incident on achiral plasmonic nanostructures from linear to circular, we observe reversible increases of reflectance by up to 8% and simultaneous increases of optical field concentration by 35.7% under 109 W/m2 continuous wave (CW) optical excitation. These signatures of decreased plasmon damping were also monitored in the presence of an external magnetic field (0.2 T). We rationalize the observed decreases in plasmon damping in terms of the Lorentz forces acting on the circulating electron trajectories. Our results outline strategies for actively modulating intrinsic losses in the metal via optomagnetic effects encoded in the polarization state of incident light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Hsu-Cheng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Boqin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zachary Brawley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dong Hee Son
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering, Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew T Sheldon
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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16
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Janaszek B, Szczepański P. Spatial Dispersion in Hypercrystal Distributed Feedback Lasing. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103482. [PMID: 35629507 PMCID: PMC9144457 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This work is a first approach to investigate the role of spatial dispersion in photonic hypercrystals (PHCs). The scope of the presented analysis is focused on exploiting nonlocality, which can be controlled by appropriate design of the structure, to obtain new light generation effects in a distributed feedback (DFB) laser based on PHC, which are not observable under weak spatial dispersion. Here, we use effective medium approximation and our original model of threshold laser generation based on anisotropic transfer matrix method. To unequivocally identify nonlocal generation phenomena, the scope of our analysis includes comparison between local and nonlocal threshold generation spectra, which may be obtained for different geometries of PHC structure. In particular, we have presented that, in the presence of strong spatial dispersion, it is possible to obtain spectrally shifted Bragg wavelengths of TE- and TM-polarization spectra, lowered generation threshold levels for both light polarizations, generation of light of selected light polarization (TE or TM), or simultaneous generation of TE- and TM-polarized waves at different frequencies with controllable spectral separation, instead of single mode operation anticipated with local approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Janaszek
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-234-5982
| | - Paweł Szczepański
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland;
- National Institute of Telecommunications—The State Research Institute, 1 Szachowa Str., 04-894 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Morgan SO, Muravitskaya A, Lowe C, Adawi AM, Bouillard JSG, Horozov TS, Stasiuk GJ, Buzza DMA. Using adsorption kinetics to assemble vertically aligned nanorods at liquid interfaces for metamaterial applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11000-11013. [PMID: 35467675 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05484h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vertically aligned monolayers of metallic nanorods have a wide range of applications as metamaterials or in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. However the fabrication of such structures using current top-down methods or through assembly on solid substrates is either difficult to scale up or have limited possibilities for further modification after assembly. The aim of this paper is to use the adsorption kinetics of cylindrical nanorods at a liquid interface as a novel route for assembling vertically aligned nanorod arrays that overcomes these problems. Specifically, we model the adsorption kinetics of the particle using Langevin dynamics coupled to a finite element model, accurately capturing the deformation of the liquid meniscus and particle friction coefficients during adsorption. We find that the final orientation of the cylindrical nanorod is determined by their initial attack angle when they contact the liquid interface, and that the range of attack angles leading to the end-on state is maximised when nanorods approach the liquid interface from the bulk phase that is more energetically favorable. In the absence of an external field, only a fraction of adsorbing nanorods end up in the end-on state (≲40% even for nanorods approaching from the energetically favourable phase). However, by pre-aligning the metallic nanorods with experimentally achievable electric fields, this fraction can be effectively increased to 100%. Using nanophotonic calculations, we also demonstrate that the resultant vertically aligned structures can be used as epsilon-near-zero and hyperbolic metamaterials. Our kinetic assembly method is applicable to nanorods with a range of diameters, aspect ratios and materials and therefore represents a versatile, low-cost and powerful platform for fabricating vertically aligned nanorods for metamaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Morgan
- Department of Physics & Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - A Muravitskaya
- Department of Physics & Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - C Lowe
- Department of Physics & Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - A M Adawi
- Department of Physics & Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - J-S G Bouillard
- Department of Physics & Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - T S Horozov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - G J Stasiuk
- Imaging Chemistry & Biology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - D M A Buzza
- Department of Physics & Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
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18
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Xiao B, Wang Y, Cai W, Xiao L. Design and prediction of PIT devices through deep learning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:14985-14997. [PMID: 35473231 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene material has excellent performance and unique variable carrier density characteristics, making it an excellent mid-infrared material. And deep learning makes it possible to quickly design mid-infrared band devices with good performance. A graphene nano-ring-symmetric sector-shaped disk array structure based on the PIT principle is proposed here for sensing. The influence of structural parameters and Fermi energy changes are studied. And its FOM (Figure Of Merit) can reach 28.7; the sensitivity is 574 cm-1 / RIU (Refractive Index Unit). At the same time, we designed a six-layer deep learning network that can predict structural parameters and curve predictions. When predicting structural parameters, its MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) converges to 0.5. In curve prediction, MSE (Mean Square Error) converges to 1.2. It shows that predictions can be made very well. This paper proposes a symmetrical sector disk array structure and a 6-layer deep learning network. And the deep neural network designed based on the device data has good prediction accuracy under the premise of ensuring the network is simple. This will lay a good foundation for future sensor design and device acceleration optimization design.
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19
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Xin J, Liang Y, Gao J, Wang Y, Song Y, Zhang X. Ultrafast changes in effective permittivity of hyperbolic metamaterials and related multi-resonance-induced ultrafast process excited by femtosecond pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:11549-11562. [PMID: 35473097 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) exhibit rich optical nonlinear responses for the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) and anisotropy. In this study, we extract the time-dependent change in the effective permittivity of an Ag nanorod array under femtosecond pulses pumping around its ENZ wavelength. The transmittance and transient absorption spectra measured by s- and p-polarizations are used in the extraction process. We experimentally confirm the existence of an ultrafast recovery process with a relaxation time of 0.24 ps in the transient absorption spectra. The calculation based on the extracted nonlinear effective permittivity indicates that the ultrafast signal originates from the superposition of two slower recovery processes, with relaxation times of 0.74 ps and 1.19 ps, respectively. The results indicate that when the responses of two nonlinear processes have different signs and recovery speeds, their superposition may cause faster signal recovery in the combined process than in the two individual processes.
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20
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Takeuci T, Yabana K. Numerical scheme for a nonlinear optical response of a metallic nanostructure: quantum hydrodynamic theory solved by adopting an effective Schrödinger equation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:11572-11587. [PMID: 35473099 DOI: 10.1364/oe.455639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum hydrodynamic theory (QHT) can describe some of the characteristic features of quantum electron dynamics that appear in metallic nanostructures, such as spatial nonlocality, electron spill-out, and quantum tunneling. Furthermore, numerical simulations based on QHT are more efficient than fully quantum mechanical approaches, as exemplified by time-dependent density functional theory using a jellium model. However, QHT involves kinetic energy functionals, the practical implementation of which typically induces significant numerical instabilities, particularly in nonlinear optical phenomena. To mitigate this problem, we develop a numerical solution to QHT that is quite stable, even in a nonlinear regime. The key to our approach is to rewrite the dynamical equation of QHT using the effective Schrödinger equation. We apply the new method to the linear and nonlinear responses of a metallic nanoparticle and compare the results with fully quantum mechanical calculations. The results demonstrate the numerical stability of our method, as well as the reliability and limitations of QHT.
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21
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Yao J, Yin H, Zhang M, Liu X. Formation of nanomaterial internal cavity based on process similar to bread-baking. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Xin J, Zong J, Gao J, Wang Y, Song Y, Zhang X. Extraction and control of permittivity of hyperbolic metamaterials with optical nonlocality. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:18572-18586. [PMID: 34154111 DOI: 10.1364/oe.426746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanorod arrays exhibit hyperbolic dispersion and optical nonlocality under certain conditions. Therefore, their optical behaviors can hardly be expressed by incident-angle-independent effective permittivity. Here we extract effective permittivity of silver nanorod arrays with diameters of 4 nm, 12 nm, and 20 nm by polarized transmission method in the visible range. The incident angles are chosen from 20° to 60° to study the influence of optical nonlocality on permittivity. We demonstrate how the diameter of the nanorods can control the effective permittivity beyond the effective medium theory. The results suggest that the effective permittivity gradually loses its accuracy as the diameter increases due to the optical nonlocality. Our experiment verifies that ultrathin nanorod arrays can resist the fluctuations caused by changes in incident angle. We also extract k-dependent effective permittivity of nanorods with larger diameters.
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23
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Noskov RE, Machnev A, Shishkin II, Novoselova MV, Gayer AV, Ezhov AA, Shirshin EA, German SV, Rukhlenko ID, Fleming S, Khlebtsov BN, Gorin DA, Ginzburg P. Golden Vaterite as a Mesoscopic Metamaterial for Biophotonic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008484. [PMID: 33984163 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesoscopic photonic systems with tailored optical responses have great potential to open new frontiers in implantable biomedical devices. However, biocompatibility is typically a problem, as engineering of optical properties often calls for using toxic compounds and chemicals, unsuitable for in vivo applications. Here, a unique approach to biofriendly delivery of optical resonances is demonstrated. It is shown that the controllable infusion of gold nanoseeds into polycrystalline sub-micrometer vaterite spherulites gives rise to a variety of electric and magnetic Mie resonances, producing a tuneable mesoscopic optical metamaterial. The 3D reconstruction of the spherulites demonstrates the capability of controllable gold loading with volumetric filling factors exceeding 28%. Owing to the biocompatibility of the constitutive elements, "golden vaterite" paves the way to introduce designer-made Mie resonances to cutting-edge biophotonic applications. This concept is exemplified by showing efficient laser heating of gold-filled vaterite spherulites at red and near-infrared wavelengths, highly desirable in photothermal therapy, and photoacoustic tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman E Noskov
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Andrey Machnev
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Ivan I Shishkin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Marina V Novoselova
- Center of Photonics & Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobelya Str 3, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Alexey V Gayer
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander A Ezhov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Quantum Technologies Centre, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Shirshin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare", I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8-2, Moscow, 119048, Russia
| | - Sergei V German
- Center of Photonics & Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobelya Str 3, Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, 108840, Russia
| | - Ivan D Rukhlenko
- School of Physics, Institute of Photonics and Optical Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Information Optical Technologies Centre, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Simon Fleming
- School of Physics, Institute of Photonics and Optical Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Boris N Khlebtsov
- Lab of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov, 410049, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Gorin
- Center of Photonics & Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobelya Str 3, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center of Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
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24
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Mazzanti A, Pogna EAA, Ghirardini L, Celebrano M, Schirato A, Marino G, Lemaítre A, Finazzi M, De Angelis C, Leo G, Cerullo G, Della Valle G. All‐Optical Modulation with Dielectric Nanoantennas: Multiresonant Control and Ultrafast Spatial Inhomogeneities. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Eva Arianna Aurelia Pogna
- Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
- NEST Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore 56127 Pisa Italy
| | - Lavinia Ghirardini
- Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Michele Celebrano
- Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Andrea Schirato
- Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 I-16163 Genova Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marino
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques Universitè de Paris-CNRS F-75013 Paris France
| | - Aristide Lemaítre
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies CNRS & Université Paris-Saclay Palaiseau France
| | - Marco Finazzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Costantino De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione Université di Brescia Via Branze 38 I-25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Giuseppe Leo
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques Universitè de Paris-CNRS F-75013 Paris France
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Giuseppe Della Valle
- Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
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25
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Schirato A, Mazzanti A, Proietti Zaccaria R, Nordlander P, Alabastri A, Della Valle G. All-Optically Reconfigurable Plasmonic Metagrating for Ultrafast Diffraction Management. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1345-1351. [PMID: 33497229 PMCID: PMC7883391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hot-electron dynamics taking place in nanostructured materials upon irradiation with fs-laser pulses has been the subject of intensive research, leading to the emerging field of ultrafast nanophotonics. However, the most common description of nonlinear interaction with ultrashort laser pulses assumes a homogeneous spatial distribution for the photogenerated carriers. Here we theoretically show that the inhomogeneous evolution of the hot carriers at the nanoscale can disclose unprecedented opportunities for ultrafast diffraction management. In particular, we design a highly symmetric plasmonic metagrating capable of a transient symmetry breaking driven by hot electrons. The subsequent power imbalance between symmetrical diffraction orders is calculated to exceed 20% under moderate (∼2 mJ/cm2) laser fluence. Our theoretical investigation also indicates that the recovery time of the symmetric configuration can be controlled by tuning the geometry of the metaatom, and can be as fast as 2 ps for electrically connected configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schirato
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Remo Proietti Zaccaria
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Cixi
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo
Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United
States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Alessandro Alabastri
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United
States
| | - Giuseppe Della Valle
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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26
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Zhang D, Cui H, Zhu C, Lv K, Zhang H, Liu X, Qiu J. Nanoscale Engineering of Optical nonlinearity Based on a Metal Nitride/Oxide Heterostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1253-1260. [PMID: 33356088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The abilities to modulate linear and nonlinear optical response of materials in the nanoscale are of central importance in the design and fabrication of photonic devices for applications like optical modulators. Here, based on a simple transition metal oxide/nitride (TiO2/TiN) system, we show that it is possible to tune the optical properties by controlling the nanoscale architecture. Through controlled oxidation of the plasmonic TiN nanoparticle surfaces, we observe a continuous change of linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties with the increase of the thickness of the oxide layer in the TiN/TiO2 heterogeneous architecture. The NLO response is manifested by the strong saturable absorption with a structurally tunable negative NLO absorption coefficient. The variation in the NLO absorption coefficient by up to 7-fold can be connected to the relative change in the volume fraction of the metallic core and the dielectric shell. We demonstrate further that the optimized TiN-TiO2 heterostructures can be used to drive an optical switch for pulse laser generation in the 1.5 μm wavelength region. Our results delineate a topochemical process for optimization of the NLO properties of common plasmonic materials for photonic applications based on simple materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hao Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chenyang Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kefan Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Cavigli L, Khlebtsov BN, Centi S, Khlebtsov NG, Pini R, Ratto F. Photostability of Contrast Agents for Photoacoustics: The Case of Gold Nanorods. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:E116. [PMID: 33419130 PMCID: PMC7825532 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic particles as gold nanorods have emerged as powerful contrast agents for critical applications as the photoacoustic imaging and photothermal ablation of cancer. However, their unique efficiency of photothermal conversion may turn into a practical disadvantage, and expose them to the risk of overheating and irreversible photodamage. Here, we outline the main ideas behind the technology of photoacoustic imaging and the use of relevant contrast agents, with a main focus on gold nanorods. We delve into the processes of premelting and reshaping of gold nanorods under illumination with optical pulses of a typical duration in the order of few ns, and we present different approaches to mitigate this issue. We undertake a retrospective classification of such approaches according to their underlying, often implicit, principles as: constraining the initial shape; or speeding up their thermal coupling to the environment by lowering their interfacial thermal resistance; or redistributing the input energy among more particles. We discuss advantages, disadvantages and contexts of practical interest where one solution may be more appropriate than the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cavigli
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara, IFAC-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.C.); (R.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Boris N. Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, 410049 Saratov, Russia; (B.N.K.); (N.G.K.)
| | - Sonia Centi
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara, IFAC-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.C.); (R.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Nikolai G. Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, 410049 Saratov, Russia; (B.N.K.); (N.G.K.)
- Saratov State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, 410026 Saratov, Russia
| | - Roberto Pini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara, IFAC-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.C.); (R.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Fulvio Ratto
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara, IFAC-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.C.); (R.P.); (F.R.)
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28
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Extremely large third-order nonlinear optical effects caused by electron transport in quantum plasmonic metasurfaces with subnanometer gaps. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21270. [PMID: 33277512 PMCID: PMC7718924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a third-order nonlinear optical responses in quantum plasmonic metasurfaces composed of metallic nano-objects with subnanometer gaps were investigated using time-dependent density functional theory, a fully quantum mechanical approach. At gap distances of ≥ 0.6 nm, the third-order nonlinearities monotonically increased as the gap distance decreased, owing to enhancement of the induced charge densities at the gaps between nano-objects. Particularly, when the third harmonic generation overlapped with the plasmon resonance, a large third-order nonlinearity was achieved. At smaller gap distances down to 0.1 nm, we observed the appearance of extremely large third-order nonlinearity without the assistance of the plasmon resonance. At a gap distance of 0.1 nm, the observed third-order nonlinearity was approximately three orders of magnitude larger than that seen at longer gap distances. The extremely large third-order nonlinearities were found to originate from electron transport by quantum tunneling and/or overbarrier currents through the subnanometer gaps.
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29
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Nanostructured Color Filters: A Review of Recent Developments. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081554. [PMID: 32784749 PMCID: PMC7466596 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Color plays an important role in human life: without it life would be dull and monochromatic. Printing color with distinct characteristics, like hue, brightness and saturation, and high resolution, are the main characteristic of image sensing devices. A flexible design of color filter is also desired for angle insensitivity and independence of direction of polarization of incident light. Furthermore, it is important that the designed filter be compatible with the image sensing devices in terms of technology and size. Therefore, color filter requires special care in its design, operation and integration. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of nanostructured color filter designs described to date and evaluate them in terms of their performance.
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Coupling magnetic and plasmonic anisotropy in hybrid nanorods for mechanochromic responses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2883. [PMID: 32513996 PMCID: PMC7280256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochromic response is of great importance in designing bionic robot systems and colorimetric devices. Unfortunately, compared to mimicking motions of natural creatures, fabricating mechanochromic systems with programmable colorimetric responses remains challenging. Herein, we report the development of unconventional mechanochromic films based on hybrid nanorods integrated with magnetic and plasmonic anisotropy. Magnetic-plasmonic hybrid nanorods have been synthesized through a unique space-confined seed-mediated process, which represents an open platform for preparing next-generation complex nanostructures. By coupling magnetic and plasmonic anisotropy, the plasmonic excitation of the hybrid nanorods could be collectively regulated using magnetic fields. It facilitates convenient incorporation of the hybrid nanorods into polymer films with a well-controlled orientation and enables sensitive colorimetric changes in response to linear and angular motions. The combination of unique synthesis and convenient magnetic alignment provides an advanced approach for designing programmable mechanochromic devices with the desired precision, flexibility, and scalability.
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31
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Near-field transmission matrix microscopy for mapping high-order eigenmodes of subwavelength nanostructures. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2575. [PMID: 32444615 PMCID: PMC7244505 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As nanoscale photonic devices are densely integrated, multiple near-field optical eigenmodes take part in their functionalization. Inevitably, these eigenmodes are highly multiplexed in their spectra and superposed in their spatial distributions, making it extremely difficult for conventional near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) to address individual eigenmodes. Here, we develop a near-field transmission matrix microscopy for mapping the high-order eigenmodes of nanostructures, which are invisible with conventional NSOM. At an excitation wavelength where multiple modes are superposed, we measure the near-field amplitude and phase maps for various far-field illumination angles, from which we construct a fully phase-referenced far- to near-field transmission matrix. By performing the singular value decomposition, we extract orthogonal near-field eigenmodes such as anti-symmetric mode and quadruple mode of multiple nano-slits whose gap size (50 nm) is smaller than the probe aperture (150 nm). Analytic model and numerical mode analysis validated the experimentally observed modes. Nanoscale integrated photonic devices have complicated combinations of optical eigenmodes. Here, the authors develop a far- to near-field transmission matrix microscopy that enables measuring higher-order modes of nanostructures beyond the capabilities of conventional near-field microscopy.
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32
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Janaszek B, Szczepański P. Effect of nonlocality in spatially uniform anisotropic metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:15447-15458. [PMID: 32403572 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate an effect of spatial dispersion in anisotropic metamaterials of regular periodic geometry. We indicate conditions under which a local and nonlocal approach are convergent, as well as the areas of particularly strong nonlocality. Our analysis also reveals that new resonance transitions altering the topology of an iso-frequency surface arise in the presence of spatial dispersion. For the first time, we demonstrate that nonlocality can serve as a new mechanism for tailoring effective dispersion of an anisotropic metamaterial, which opens new venues for novel applications requiring strong direction discrimination of the incident radiation.
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33
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Gorokhov GV, Bychanok DS, Kuzhir PP, Gorodetskiy DV, Kurenya AG, Sedelnikova OV, Bulusheva LG, Okotrub AV. Creation of metasurface from vertically aligned carbon nanotubes as versatile platform for ultra-light THz components. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:255703. [PMID: 32160609 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7efa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here a simple and reproducible method for obtaining terahertz metasurfaces formed from multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is presented. The metasurfaces were obtained from a vertically aligned array of MWCNTs using a laser engraving technique followed by polymer covering. The structures under study demonstrate frequency-selective reflection in terahertz range following the Huygens-Fresnel formalism. For a normal incidence of the electromagnetic wave, the model for numerical calculation of backscattering from the metasurfaces was proposed. Lightweight and compact MWCNT-based metasurfaces are capable to replace conventional pyramidal absorbers and could serve as a versatile platform for scalable cost-efficient production of ultra-light electromagnetic components for THz applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Gorokhov
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 11 Bobruiskaya str., 220030, Minsk, Belarus. Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9, Vilnius LT-10222, Lithuania
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34
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Gerislioglu B, Dong L, Ahmadivand A, Hu H, Nordlander P, Halas NJ. Monolithic Metal Dimer-on-Film Structure: New Plasmonic Properties Introduced by the Underlying Metal. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2087-2093. [PMID: 31990568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dimers, two closely spaced metallic nanostructures, are one of the primary nanoscale geometries in plasmonics, supporting high local field enhancements in their interparticle junction under excitation of their hybridized "bonding" plasmon. However, when a dimer is fabricated on a metallic substrate, its characteristics are changed profoundly. Here we examine the properties of a Au dimer on a Au substrate. This structure supports a bright "bonding" dimer plasmon, screened by the metal, and a lower energy magnetic charge transfer plasmon. Changing the dielectric environment of the dimer-on-film structure reveals a broad family of higher-order hybrid plasmons in the visible region of the spectrum. Both of the localized surface plasmons resonances (LSPR) of the individual dimer-on-film structures as well as their collective surface lattice resonances (SLR) show a highly sensitive refractive index sensing response. Implementation of such all-metal magnetic-resonant nanostructures offers a promising route to achieve higher-performance LSPR- and SLR-based plasmonic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huatian Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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35
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Dai H, Yuan L, Yin C, Cao Z, Chen X. Direct Visualizing the Spin Hall Effect of Light via Ultrahigh-Order Modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:053902. [PMID: 32083931 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.053902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report an experiment showing the submillimeter Imbert-Fedorov shift from the ultrastrong spin-orbital angular momentum coupling, which is a photonic version of the spin Hall effect, by measuring the reflection of light from the surface of a birefringent symmetrical metal cladding planar waveguide. The light incidents at a near-normal incident angle and excites resonant ultrahigh-order modes inside the waveguide. A 0.16-mm displacement of separated reflected light spots corresponding to two polarization states is distinguishable by human eyes. In our experiment, we demonstrate the control of polarizations of light and the direct observation of the spin Hall effect of light, which opens an important avenue towards potential applications for optical sensing and quantum information processing, where the spin nature of photons exhibits key features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailang Dai
- The State Key Laboratory on Fiber Optic Local Area Communication Networks and Advanced Optical Communication Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Luqi Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory on Fiber Optic Local Area Communication Networks and Advanced Optical Communication Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cheng Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Power Transmission and Distribution Equipment Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China
| | - Zhuangqi Cao
- The State Key Laboratory on Fiber Optic Local Area Communication Networks and Advanced Optical Communication Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- The State Key Laboratory on Fiber Optic Local Area Communication Networks and Advanced Optical Communication Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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36
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Ge B, Larson S, Tu H, Zhao Y, Fei Y. Generalized ellipsometry characterization of Ag nanorod arrays prepared by oblique angle deposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:075705. [PMID: 31675750 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab53ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanorods arrays (AgNRs) prepared by oblique angle deposition were characterized by the generalized ellipsometry method in the spectral range from 370 to 950 nm. Three structure models were used to fit the ellipsometry data, the uniaxial model, the biaxial orthorhombic model, and the biaxial monoclinic model. Unlike the uniaxial model reported in most literature, the biaxial models are found to give better fitting results. The optical properties along the three principle axes are different: along long axis it displays predominantly metallic behavior; along one short axis it approaches to a lossless dielectric while along the other it behaves as an absorbance dielectric. The AgNRs also demonstrate epsilon-near-zero property with the real part of dielectric constant along the rod being very close to zero at wavelength of 416 nm, which is expected to be tuned with changing of the vapor incident angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilin Ge
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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37
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Ren M, Cai W, Xu J. Tailorable Dynamics in Nonlinear Optical Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1806317. [PMID: 31215095 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Controlling light with light is essential for all-optical switching, data processing in optical communications and computing. Until now, all-optical control of light has relied almost exclusively on nonlinear optical interactions in materials. Achieving giant nonlinearities under low light intensity is essential for weak-light nonlinear optics. In the past decades, such weak-light nonlinear phenomena have been demonstrated in photorefractive and photochromic materials. However, their bulky size and slow speed have hindered practical applications. Metasurfaces, which enhance light-matter interactions at the nanoscale, provide a new framework with tailorable nonlinearities for weak-light nonlinear dynamics. Current advances in nonlinear metasurfaces are introduced, with a special emphasis on all-optical light controls. The tuning of the nonlinearity values using metasurfaces, including enhancement and sign reversal is presented. The tailoring of the transient behaviors of nonlinearities in metasurfaces to achieve femtosecond switching speed is also discussed. Furthermore, the impact of quantum effects from the metasurface on the nonlinearities is introduced. Finally, an outlook on the future development of this energetic field is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jingjun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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38
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Maslovski SI, Mariji H. Envelope Dyadic Green's Function for Uniaxial Metamaterials. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19980. [PMID: 31882577 PMCID: PMC6934698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce the concept of the envelope dyadic Green's function (EDGF) and present a formalism to study the propagation of electromagnetic fields with slowly varying amplitude (EMFSVA) in dispersive anisotropic media with two dyadic constitutive parameters: the dielectric permittivity and the magnetic permeability. We find the matrix elements of the EDGFs by applying the formalism for uniaxial anisotropic metamaterials. We present the relations for the velocity of the EMFSVA envelopes which agree with the known definition of the group velocity in dispersive media. We consider examples of propagation of the EMFSVA passing through active and passive media with the Lorentz and the Drude type dispersions, demonstrating beam focusing in hyperbolic media and superluminal propagation in media with inverted population. The results of this paper are applicable to the propagation of modulated electromagnetic fields and slowly varying amplitude fluctuations of such fields through frequency dispersive and dissipative (or active) anisotropic metamaterials. The developed approach can be also used for the analysis of metamaterial-based waveguides, filters, and delay lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav I Maslovski
- Instituto de Telecomunicações e Departamento de Eletrónica, Telecomunicações e Informática, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Hodjat Mariji
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, DEEC FCTUC Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290, Coimbra, Portugal
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39
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Liu K, Wuenschell J, Bera S, Tang R, Ohodnicki PR, Du H. Nanostructured sapphire optical fiber embedded with Au nanorods for high-temperature plasmonics in harsh environments. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:38125-38133. [PMID: 31878584 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.038125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sensors for harsh environments must exhibit robust sensing response and considerable thermal and chemical stability. We report the exploration of a novel all-alumina nanostructured sapphire optical fiber (NSOF) embedded with Au nanorods (Au NRs) for plasmonics-based sensing at high temperatures. Temperature dependence of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Au NRs was studied in conjunction with numerical calculations using the Drude model. It was found that LSPR of Au NRs changes markedly with temperature, red shifting and increasing in transmission amplitude as the temperature increases. Furthermore, this variation is highly localized through tunneling by overlapping the near-field of thin cladding and sapphire optical fiber. The NSOF embedded with Au NRs has the potential for sensing in advanced energy generation systems.
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40
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Second Harmonic Generation for Moisture Monitoring in Dimethoxyethane at a Gold-Solvent Interface Using Plasmonic Structures. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121788. [PMID: 31888197 PMCID: PMC6955981 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) is forbidden from most bulk metals because metals are characterized by centrosymmetric symmetry. Adsorption or desorption of molecules at the metal interface can break the symmetry and lead to SHG responses. Yet, the response is relatively low, and minute changes occurring at the interface, especially at solid/liquid interfaces, like in battery electrodes are difficult to assess. Herein, we use a plasmonic structure milled in a gold electrode to increase the overall SHG signal from the interface and gain information about small changes occurring at the interface. Using a specific homebuilt cell, we monitor changes at the liquid/electrode interface. Specifically, traces of water in dimethoxyethane (DME) have been detected following changes in the SHG responses from the plasmonic structures. We propose that by plasmonic structures this technique can be used for assessing minute changes occurring at solid/liquid interfaces such as battery electrodes.
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41
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Wang P, Nasir ME, Krasavin AV, Dickson W, Jiang Y, Zayats AV. Plasmonic Metamaterials for Nanochemistry and Sensing. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:3018-3028. [PMID: 31680511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures were initially developed for sensing and nanophotonic applications but, recently, have shown great promise in chemistry, optoelectronics, and nonlinear optics. While smooth plasmonic films, supporting surface plasmon polaritons, and individual nanostructures, featuring localized surface plasmons, are easy to fabricate and use, the assemblies of nanostructures in optical antennas and metamaterials provide many additional advantages related to the engineering of the mode structure (and thus, optical resonances in the given spectral range), field enhancement, and local density of optical states required to control electronic and photonic interactions. Focusing on two of the many applications of plasmonic metamaterials, in this Account, we review our work on the sensing and nanochemistry applications of metamaterials based on the assemblies of plasmonic nanorods under optical, as well as electronic interrogation. Sensors are widely employed in modern technology for the detection of events or changes in their local environment. Compared to their electronic counterparts, optical sensors offer a combination of high sensitivity, fast response, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and provide additional options for signal retrieval, such as optical intensity, spectrum, phase, and polarization. Owing to the ability to confine and enhance electromagnetic fields on subwavelength scales, plasmonics has been attracting increasing attention for the development of optical sensors with advantages including both nanometer-scale spatial resolution and single-molecule sensitivity. Inherent hot-electron generation in plasmonic nanostructures under illumination or during electron tunneling in the electrically biased nanostructures provides further opportunities for sensing and stimulation of chemical reactions, which would otherwise not be energetically possible. We first provide a brief introduction to a metamaterial sensing platform based on arrays of strongly coupled plasmonic nanorods. Several prototypical sensing examples based on this versatile metamaterial platform are presented. Record-high refractive index sensitivity of gold nanorod arrays in biosensing based on the functionalization of the nanorod surface for selective absorption arises because of the modification of the electromagnetic coupling between the nanorods in the array. The capabilities of nanorod metamaterials for ultrasound and hydrogen sensing were demonstrated by precision coating of the nanorods with functional materials to create core-shell nanostructures. The extension of this metamaterial platform to nanotube and nanocavity arrays, and metaparticles provides additional flexibility and removes restrictions on the illumination configurations for the optical interrogation. We then discuss a nanochemical platform based on the electrically driven metamaterials to stimulate and detect chemical reactions in the tunnel junctions constructed with the nanorods by exploiting elastic tunneling for the activation of chemical reactions via generated hot-electrons and inelastic tunneling for the excitation of plasmons facilitating optical monitoring of the process. This represents a new paradigm merging electronics, plasmonics, photonics and chemistry at the nanoscale, and creates opportunities for a variety of practical applications, such as hot-electron-driven nanoreactors and high-sensitivity sensors, as well as nanoscale light sources and modulators. With a combination of merits, such as the ability to simultaneously support both localized and propagating modes, nanoporous texture, rapid and facile functionalization, and low cost and scalability, plasmonic nanorod metamaterials provide an attractive and versatile platform for the development of optical sensors and nanochemical platforms using hot-electrons with high performance for applications in fundamental research and chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mazhar E. Nasir
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Alexey V. Krasavin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Wayne Dickson
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Yunlu Jiang
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Anatoly V. Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
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42
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Wei R, Tian X, Luo H, Liu M, Yang Z, Luo Z, Zhu H, Guo H, Li J, Qiu J. Heavily Doped Semiconductor Colloidal Nanocrystals as Ultra-Broadband Switches for Near-Infrared and Mid-Infrared Pulse Lasers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40416-40423. [PMID: 31592628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavily self-doped semiconductors can be designed to be used in advanced photonics due to both fabrication and functional advantages. Ultrafast response, strong optical nonlinearity, broadband wavelength range, and accessibility of integration are major challenges for ultrafast all-optical photonics to operate in the infrared wavelength range. Here, solution-processed Cu1.8Se semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) demonstrate an ultrafast response (about 360-520 fs), strong optical nonlinearity (as large as -1.4 × 103 cm GW-1), and broadband (from 800 to 3000 nm) nonlinear optical absorption in the near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelength ranges. The ultrafast response and larger optical nonlinearity may be triggered by the plasma ground-state bleaching in the strong surface electromagnetic filed. Stable Q-switched lasers in Er-doped fiber laser, Tm-doped fiber laser, and Ho/Pr-codoped ZBLAN fiber laser are operated, respectively. These findings indicate that Cu1.8Se NCs are prospective nonlinear materials for ultrafast response and broadband pulse laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfei Wei
- Department of Physics , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , Zhejiang , P. R. China
| | - Xiangling Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and School of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Wushan Road 381 , Guangzhou 510641 , P. R. China
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore
| | - Hongyu Luo
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , South China Normal University , No. 378, West Waihuan Road , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | | | - Zhichao Luo
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , South China Normal University , No. 378, West Waihuan Road , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | | | - Hai Guo
- Department of Physics , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , Zhejiang , P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and School of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Wushan Road 381 , Guangzhou 510641 , P. R. China
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Liu K, Ohodnicki PR, Kong X, Lee SS, Du H. Plasmonic Au nanorods stabilized within anodic aluminum oxide pore channels against high-temperature treatment. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:405704. [PMID: 31207594 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2a3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Au nanorods (Au NRs) are promising candidates for sensing applications due to their tunable localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength. At temperatures above 250 °C, however, these structures are morphologically unstable and tend to evaporate. We herein report a novel refractory plasmonic nanocomposite system comprising Au NRs entrapped in anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) scaffolds that are stable up to 800 °C. Au NRs were synthesized in the cylindrical pores of sapphire-supported AAO via in situ electroless deposition on catalytic Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) anchored on the pore walls. The morphological characteristics and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) functionality of Au NRs before and after heat treatment were evaluated using SEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Compared to unconfined Au NRs that evolved into spherical particles at temperatures below 250 °C and subsequently evaporated from the substrate surface, the morphology of Au NRs in AAO was preserved upon heat treatment at temperatures up to 800 °C. Furthermore, by tuning the AAO scaffolds thickness and pore diameter, the aspect ratio (AR) of the entrapped Au NRs was varied from 2.4 to 7.8. The SERS sensitivity of Au NRs in AAO was found to increase with decreasing AR when the incident light was parallel to the rod longitudinal axis, in close agreement with the calculated fourth power of the local electromagnetic field using the finite-difference time domain method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States of America
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44
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Wang Y, Zhang X. Ultrafast optical switching based on mutually enhanced resonance modes in gold nanowire gratings. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17807-17814. [PMID: 31552993 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report an efficient ultrafast optical switching device consisting of periodically arranged gold nanowires, which were produced by the multistage deposition of colloidal gold nanoparticles into deep grooves, so that they are as high as 220 nm and continuous as long as 20 mm. Due to the large thickness of the gold nanowires, two resonance modes became efficient and mutually enhanced: the waveguide resonance mode and the Bragg microcavity resonance mode. These resonance modes are based on the same diffraction conditions and have a completely overlapped spectroscopic response. Thus, a sharp resonance mode with a large amplitude and a steep rising edge is observed in the optical extinction spectrum at normal incidence. Strong optical excitation induced a red shift of the resonance spectrum and resulted in an enhanced optical transmission spectrum with a narrow bandwidth and a high response speed. Such an optical switching device with new physics has potential applications in optical logic circuits and integrated optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology and College of Applied Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
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45
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Raygoza-Sánchez KY, Rocha-Mendoza I, Segovia P, Krasavin AV, Marino G, Cesca T, Michieli N, Mattei G, Zayats AV, Rangel-Rojo R. Polarization dependence of second harmonic generation from plasmonic nanoprism arrays. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11514. [PMID: 31395922 PMCID: PMC6687713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The second order nonlinear optical response of gold nanoprisms arrays is investigated by means of second harmonic generation (SHG) experiments and simulations. The polarization dependence of the nonlinear response exhibits a 6-fold symmetry, attributed to the local field enhancement through the excitation of the surface plasmon resonances in bow-tie nanoantennas forming the arrays. Experiments show that for polarization of the input light producing excitation of the plasmonic resonances in the bow-tie nanoantennas, the SHG signal is enhanced; this despite the fact that the linear absorption spectrum is not dependent on polarization. The results are confirmed by electrodynamic simulations which demonstrate that SHG is also determined by the local field distribution in the nanoarrays. Moreover, the maximum of SHG intensity is observed at slightly off-resonance excitation, as implemented in the experiments, showing a close relation between the polarization dependence and the structure of the material, additionally revealing the importance of the presence of non-normal electric field components as under focused beam and oblique illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Raygoza-Sánchez
- Maestría y Posgrado en Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular 3917, 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico.,Optics Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - I Rocha-Mendoza
- Optics Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - P Segovia
- Researcher of Cátedras CONACYT Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - A V Krasavin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - G Marino
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - T Cesca
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - N Michieli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - G Mattei
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - A V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - R Rangel-Rojo
- Optics Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico.
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46
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Tian X, Luo H, Wei R, Liu M, Yang Z, Luo Z, Zhu H, Li J, Qiu J. Ultrafast and broadband optical nonlinearity in aluminum doped zinc oxide colloidal nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13988-13995. [PMID: 31309966 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04337c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavily doped oxide semiconductors can be tailored for widespread application in near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelength ranges because of both functional and fabrication advantages. Here, the ultrafast and broadband nonlinear saturable absorption of Al-doped zinc oxide nanocrystals (AZO NCs) is investigated by using the Z-scan technique and the pump-probe technique. The nonlinear absorption coefficient is as high as -1.90 × 103 cm GW-1 in the wide infrared (IR) wavelength range (from 800 to 3000 nm). Furthermore, a maximum optically induced refractive index of -1.85 × 10-1 cm2 GW-1 in the dielectric region and 2.09 × 10-1 cm2 GW-1 in the metallic region leads to an ultrafast nonlinear optical response (less than 350 femtoseconds). Mode-locked fiber lasers at 1064 nm and 1550 nm as well as Q-switched fiber lasers near 2000 nm and 3000 nm prove the use of employing AZO NCs as a broadband and ultrafast nonlinear optical device, which provides a valuable strategy and intuition for the development of nanomaterial-based photonic and optoelectronic devices in the NIR and mid-IR wavelength ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, PR China.
| | - Hongyu Luo
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, PR China.
| | - Rongfei Wei
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, PR China.
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zhaoliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Zhichao Luo
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, PR China.
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, PR China. and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China
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47
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Designer photonic dynamics by using non-uniform electron temperature distribution for on-demand all-optical switching times. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2967. [PMID: 31273210 PMCID: PMC6609632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
While free electrons in metals respond to ultrafast excitation with refractive index changes on femtosecond time scales, typical relaxation mechanisms occur over several picoseconds, governed by electron-phonon energy exchange rates. Here, we propose tailoring these intrinsic rates by engineering a non-uniform electron temperature distribution through nanostructuring, thus, introducing an additional electron temperature relaxation channel. We experimentally demonstrate a sub-300 fs switching time due to the wavelength dependence of the induced hot electron distribution in the nanostructure. The speed of switching is determined by the rate of redistribution of the inhomogeneous electron temperature and not just the rate of heat exchange between electrons and phonons. This effect depends on both the spatial overlap between control and signal fields in the metamaterial and hot-electron diffusion effects. Thus, switching rates can be controlled in nanostructured systems by designing geometrical parameters and selecting wavelengths, which determine the control and signal mode distributions. Here, the authors engineer a non-uniform electron temperature distribution through nanostructuring and demonstrate a sub-300 fs switching time. This can assist in the design of nanostructures for nonlinear optics, hot carrier extraction and photocatalysis
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48
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Zhang J, Zhang X. Ultrafast plasmon polaritons doubly resonant on a single silver nanoshell. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:17061-17068. [PMID: 31252923 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) were observed in a silver nanoshell grating, which was produced by depositing a roughly sinusoidal dielectric grating with a continuous layer of silver. Two SPP modes were observed to propagate along the top and bottom surfaces of the silver nanoshell, modulating the reflection spectra in the space above and below the silver nanoshell, respectively. These two SPP modes are located independently at a shorter and a longer wavelength, exciting the asymmetric and symmetric oscillation of the plasmonic electrons, respectively. The asymmetric mode was excited by the diffraction anomaly along the silver/air interface, whereas, the symmetric by the waveguide mode within the ITO grating layer, which was defined by the high reflection at the ITO/silver interface and the total reflection at the ITO/substrate interface. Different optical switching performance with different lifetimes was measured for the two resonance modes.
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49
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Li Z, Yin Y. Stimuli-Responsive Optical Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807061. [PMID: 30773717 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Responsive optical nanomaterials that can sense and translate various external stimuli into optical signals, in the forms of observable changes in appearance and variations in spectral line shapes, are among the most active research topics in nanooptics. They are intensively exploited within the regimes of the four classic optical phenomena-diffraction in photonic crystals, absorption of plasmonic nanostructures, as well as color-switching systems, refraction of assembled birefringent nanostructures, and emission of photoluminescent nanomaterials and molecules. Herein, a comprehensive review of these research activities regarding the fundamental principles and practical strategies is provided. Starting with an overview of their substantial developments during the latest three decades, each subtopic discussion is led with fundamental theories that delineate the correlation between nanostructures and optical properties and the delicate research strategies are elaborated with specific attention focused on working principles and optical performances. The unique advantages and inherent limitations of each responsive optical nanoscale platform are summarized, accompanied by empirical criteria that should be met and perspectives on research opportunities where the developments of next-generation responsive optical nanomaterials might be directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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50
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Photon acceleration and tunable broadband harmonics generation in nonlinear time-dependent metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1345. [PMID: 30902994 PMCID: PMC6430811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-dependent nonlinear media, such as rapidly generated plasmas produced via laser ionization of gases, can increase the energy of individual laser photons and generate tunable high-order harmonic pulses. This phenomenon, known as photon acceleration, has traditionally required extreme-intensity laser pulses and macroscopic propagation lengths. Here, we report on a novel nonlinear material—an ultrathin semiconductor metasurface—that exhibits efficient photon acceleration at low intensities. We observe a signature nonlinear manifestation of photon acceleration: third-harmonic generation of near-infrared photons with tunable frequencies reaching up to ≈3.1ω. A simple time-dependent coupled-mode theory, found to be in good agreement with experimental results, is utilized to predict a new path towards nonlinear radiation sources that combine resonant upconversion with broadband operation. Photon acceleration, which can be used to generate tunable high harmonic radiation, typically requires high-intensity lasers and long propagation distances. Here, Shcherbakov et al. show efficient photon acceleration at low power input power from a semiconductor metasurface, less than a micron thin.
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