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Cook A, Beckmann H, Azap R, Ryu S. Acute Stress Modulates Social Approach and Social Maintenance in Adult Zebrafish. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0491-22.2023. [PMID: 37620148 PMCID: PMC10493981 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0491-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress alters social functioning in a complex manner. An important variable determining the final effects of stress is stressor intensity. However, the precise relationship between stressor intensity and social behavior is not well understood. Here, we investigate the effects of varying acute stressor intensity exposure on social behavior using adult zebrafish. We first establish a novel test using adult zebrafish that allows distinguishing fish's drive to approach a social cue and its ability to engage and maintain social interaction within the same behavioral paradigm. Next, we combined this test with a new method to deliver an acute stress stimulus of varying intensities. Our results show that both social approach and social maintenance are reduced in adult zebrafish on acute stress exposure in an intensity-dependent manner. Interestingly, lower stress intensity reduces social maintenance without affecting the social approach, while a higher stress level is required to alter social approach. These results provide evidence for a direct correlation between acute stressor intensity and social functioning and suggest that distinct steps in social behavior are modulated differentially by the acute stress level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Cook
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55116, Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Beckmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55116, Mainz, Germany
- Living Systems Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Rutkay Azap
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soojin Ryu
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55116, Mainz, Germany
- Living Systems Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Markers in Cerebral Microvasculature by Mentally Depressive Stress. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:4206316. [PMID: 36852396 PMCID: PMC9966573 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4206316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is recognized as the leading cause of permanent disability worldwide. Depressive disorders are associated with increased incidence of CVD. The goal of this study was to establish a chronic restraint stress (CRS) model for mice and examine the effect of stress on cerebrovascular inflammation and oxidative stress responses. Methods A total of forty 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the CRS and control groups. In the CRS group (n = 20), mice were placed in a well-ventilated Plexiglas tube for 6 hours per day for 28 consecutive days. On day 29, open field tests (OFT) and sucrose preference tests (SPT) were performed to assess depressive-like behaviors for the two groups (n = 10/group). Macrophage infiltration into the brain tissue upon stress was analyzed by measuring expression of macrophage marker (CD68) with immunofluorescence in both the CRS and control groups (n = 10/group). Cerebral microvasculature was isolated from the CRS and controls (n = 10/group). mRNA and protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the brain vessels were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot (n = 10/group). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) activities were quantified by ELISA to study the oxidative profile of the brain vessels (n = 10/group). Additionally, mRNA and protein expressions of NOX subunits (gp91phox, p47phox, p67phox, and p22phox) in the cerebrovascular endothelium were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot (n = 10/group). Results CRS decreased the total distances (p < 0.05) and the time spent in the center zone in OFT (p < 0.001) and sucrose preference test ratio in SPT (p < 0.01). Positive ratio of CD68+ was increased with CRS in the entire region of the brain (p < 0.001), reflecting increased macrophage infiltration. CRS increased the expression of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in the cerebral microvasculature, including TNF-α (p < 0.001), IL-1β (p < 0.05), IL-6 (p < 0.05), VCAM-1 (p < 0.01), MCP-1 (p < 0.01), ROS (p < 0.001), and H2O2 (p < 0.001). NADPH oxidase (NOX) was activated by CRS (p < 0.01), and mRNA and protein expressions of NOX subunits (gp91phox, p47phox, p67phox, and p22phox) in brain microvasculature were found to be increased. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that CRS induces depressive stress and causes inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in the brain microvasculature.
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Zhang S, Yuan Y, Zhuang W, Xiong T, Xu Y, Zhang J, Tao C, Liang J, Wang Y. Contributing Factors and Induced Outcomes of Psychological Stress Response in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:843055. [PMID: 35812095 PMCID: PMC9257184 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.843055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRemarkable evidence indicates that psychological stress is significantly associated with stroke. However, a uniform recommendation to identify and alleviate poststroke psychological stress responses and improve postmorbid outcomes is not currently available. Thus, this systematic review aimed to summarize the types of poststroke psychological stress, measurement tools, contributing factors, and outcomes.MethodsThis systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, WanFangData, and CQVIP from database inception to November 2021. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included in this research. Quality assessment was performed based on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.ResultsEighteen quantitative, peer-reviewed studies were included for analysis. Selected articles mainly investigated perceived stress and posttraumatic stress disorder after stroke. We classified the contributing factors into four categories: sociodemographic factors, clinical disease factors, psychological factors, and behavioral and lifestyle factors. The postmorbid outcomes were divided into three categories: clinical disease outcomes, psychological outcomes, and behavioral and quality of life outcomes.ConclusionsCompared to common patients, stroke survivors with the following characteristics suffered an increased psychological stress response: younger age, the presence of caregivers, depression, unsuitable coping strategies, etc. Meanwhile, lower quality of life, worse drug compliance, worse functional independence, and more severe mental disorders were significantly associated with increased psychological stress symptoms. Further studies are required to provide more trustworthy and meaningful references for mitigating the damage caused by psychological stress after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Zhuang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianqing Xiong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Tao
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yingge Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yingge Wang
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The anxiogenic effects of adolescent psychological stress in male and female mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 432:113963. [PMID: 35700812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of transition during which there is extensive development of the brain and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, the term adolescence is broad and covers a number of important developmental periods ranging from pre-pubescence to sexual maturity. Using a predator stress model, we investigated the effects of chronic psychological stress on anxiety-like, depression-like, and social behaviours in male and female mice during early adolescence, when mice are pre-pubertal, and late adolescence, when mice are sexually mature. All stressed mice showed hyperactivity and increased anxiety-like behaviours. The anxiogenic effects were generally more pronounced in mice exposed to late, rather than early adolescent stress, but were clearly evident when stress was experienced at either timepoint. Risk assessment behaviours were also affected by the stress treatments, but the direction of these changes were sometimes sex- and age-specific. Surprisingly, mice stressed during adolescence showed no depressive-like behaviours as adults. This study provides evidence that adolescent psychological stress has pronounced long-term anxiogenic effects but that the precise behavioural phenotype differs based on sex and the sub-stage of adolescence during which the individual is exposed.
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Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure selectively impairs neuroligin 1-dependent neurogenesis by suppressing astrocytic FGF2-neuronal FGFR1 axis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:294. [PMID: 35562616 PMCID: PMC9106608 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to maternal stress irreversibly impairs neurogenesis of offspring by inducing life-long effects on interaction between neurons and glia under raging differentiation process, culminating in cognitive and neuropsychiatric abnormalities in adulthood. We identified that prenatal exposure to stress-responsive hormone glucocorticoid impaired neurogenesis and induced abnormal behaviors in ICR mice. Then, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural stem cell (NSC) to investigate how neurogenesis deficits occur. Following glucocorticoid treatment, NSC-derived astrocytes were found to be A1-like neurotoxic astrocytes. Moreover, cortisol-treated astrocytic conditioned media (ACM) then specifically downregulated AMPA receptor-mediated glutamatergic synaptic formation and transmission in differentiating neurons, by inhibiting localization of ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluR)1/2 into synapses. We then revealed that downregulated astrocytic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and nuclear fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) of neurons are key pathogenic factors for reducing glutamatergic synaptogenesis. We further confirmed that cortisol-treated ACM specifically decreased the binding of neuronal FGFR1 to the synaptogenic NLGN1 promoter, but this was reversed by FGFR1 restoration. Upregulation of neuroligin 1, which is important in scaffolding GluR1/2 into the postsynaptic compartment, eventually normalized glutamatergic synaptogenesis and subsequent neurogenesis. Moreover, pretreatment of FGF2 elevated neuroligin 1 expression and trafficking of GluR1/2 into the postsynaptic compartment of mice exposed to prenatal corticosterone, improving spatial memory and depression/anxiety-like behaviors. In conclusion, we identified neuroligin 1 restoration by astrocytic FGF2 and its downstream neuronal nuclear FGFR1 as a critical target for preventing prenatal stress-induced dysfunction in glutamatergic synaptogenesis, which recovered both neurogenesis and hippocampal-related behaviors.
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Henríquez Martínez A, Ávila LC, Pulido MA, Ardila YA, Akle V, Bloch NI. Age-Dependent Effects of Chronic Stress on Zebrafish Behavior and Regeneration. Front Physiol 2022; 13:856778. [PMID: 35574490 PMCID: PMC9106366 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress can have a significant impact on many aspects of an organism’s physiology and behavior. However, the relationship between stress and regeneration, and how this relationship changes with age remains poorly understood. Here, we subjected young and old zebrafish to a chronic stress protocol and evaluated the impact of stress exposure on multiple measures of zebrafish behavior, specifically thigmotaxis (open field test) and scototaxis (light/dark preference test), and on regeneration ability after partial tail amputation. We found evidence that young and older adult fish are differentially impacted by stress. Only young fish showed a significant change in anxiety-like behaviors after being exposed to chronic stress, while their regeneration ability was not affected by the stress protocol. On the other hand, older fish regenerated their caudal fin significantly slower compared to young fish, but their behavior remained unaffected after being exposed to stress. We further investigated the expression of two candidate genes (nlgn1 and sam2) expressed in the central nervous system, and known to be associated with stress and anxiety-like behavior. The expression of stress-related gene candidate sam2 increased in the brain of older individuals exposed to stress. Our results suggest there is a close relationship between chronic stress, regeneration, and behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio), and that the impact of stress is age-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Henríquez Martínez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura C. Ávila
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María A. Pulido
- School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Veronica Akle
- School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natasha I. Bloch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Natasha I. Bloch,
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Neuroligins in neurodevelopmental conditions: how mouse models of de novo mutations can help us link synaptic function to social behavior. Neuronal Signal 2022; 6:NS20210030. [PMID: 35601025 PMCID: PMC9093077 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental conditions (or neurodevelopmental disorders, NDDs) are highly heterogeneous with overlapping characteristics and shared genetic etiology. The large symptom variability and etiological heterogeneity have made it challenging to understand the biological mechanisms underpinning NDDs. To accommodate this individual variability, one approach is to move away from diagnostic criteria and focus on distinct dimensions with relevance to multiple NDDs. This domain approach is well suited to preclinical research, where genetically modified animal models can be used to link genetic variability to neurobiological mechanisms and behavioral traits. Genetic factors associated with NDDs can be grouped functionally into common biological pathways, with one prominent functional group being genes associated with the synapse. These include the neuroligins (Nlgns), a family of postsynaptic transmembrane proteins that are key modulators of synaptic function. Here, we review how research using Nlgn mouse models has provided insight into how synaptic proteins contribute to behavioral traits associated with NDDs. We focus on how mutations in different Nlgns affect social behaviors, as differences in social interaction and communication are a common feature of most NDDs. Importantly, mice carrying distinct mutations in Nlgns share some neurobiological and behavioral phenotypes with other synaptic gene mutations. Comparing the functional implications of mutations in multiple synaptic proteins is a first step towards identifying convergent neurobiological pathways in multiple brain regions and circuits.
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Rusakov DA, Giese KP, Sandi C, Dommett E, Overton PG. Remembering Mike Stewart. Neuropharmacology 2022; 207:108962. [PMID: 35051447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri A Rusakov
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Karl Peter Giese
- Institute of Psychiatry, Physiology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eleanore Dommett
- Institute of Psychiatry, Physiology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Paul G Overton
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK
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Rusakov DA. Obituary for Professor Michael G. Stewart: Life in Neurosciences. Brain Res Bull 2022; 180:147-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Schaack AK, Mocchi M, Przybyl KJ, Redei EE. Immediate stress alters social and object interaction and recognition memory in nearly isogenic rat strains with differing stress reactivity. Stress 2021; 24:911-919. [PMID: 34374625 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1958203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress prior to learning and recall is known to affect both processes depending on the learning paradigm, the sex of the animal, and their reactivity to stress. Male and female animals of the inbred Wistar-Kyoto More Immobile (WMI) and Less Immobile (WLI) strains were tested in the modified novel object and spatial recognition paradigm and in the social interaction-recognition paradigm immediately after a 30 min restraint stress. The WMI strain shows enhanced stress reactivity compared to its near isogenic WLI control and thus, represents a genetically stress-susceptible rodent model. Without stress, there were no strain differences in social or object recognition, but there were sex differences in both types of investigation. Immediate stress generally increased object investigation, but decreased social interaction in all groups, except the WMI males, who exhibited increased aggression toward the juveniles. While stress increased plasma corticosterone and decreased testosterone levels in WLI males as expected, it increased testosterone in the aggressive WMI males, despite elevated levels of corticosterone. Stress generally decreased recognition, except the spatial recognition of WMI females, which paradoxically improved after stress. The strain-specific effects of immediate stress indicate that stress unlocks the vulnerability encoded by the stable genetic differences between WLIs and WMIs to result in the observed phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice K Schaack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madaline Mocchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine J Przybyl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eva E Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Xiao Y, Wang X, Wang S, Li J, Xu X, Wang M, Li G, Shen W. Celastrol Attenuates Learning and Memory Deficits in an Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5574207. [PMID: 34350293 PMCID: PMC8328733 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5574207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with learning, memory, and cognitive deficits. Neuroinflammation and synapse loss are involved in the pathology of AD. Diverse measures have been applied to treat AD, but currently, there is no effective treatment. Celastrol (CEL) is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F that has been shown to enhance cell viability and inhibit amyloid-β production induced by lipopolysaccharides in vitro. In the present study, the protective effect of CEL on Aβ 25-35-induced rat model of AD was assessed. Our results showed that CEL administration at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day improved spatial memory in the Morris water maze. Further biochemical analysis showed that CEL treatment of intrahippocampal Aβ 25-35-microinjected rats attenuated hippocampal NF-κB activity; inhibited proinflammatory markers, namely, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α; and upregulated anti-inflammatory factors, such as IL-4 and IL-10. Furthermore, CEL upregulated hippocampal neurexin-1β, neuroligin-1, CA1, and PSD95 expression levels, which may improve synaptic function. Simultaneously, CEL also increased glucose metabolism in Aβ 25-35-microinjected rats. In conclusion, CEL could exert protective effects against learning and memory decline induced by intrahippocampal Aβ 25-35 through anti-inflammation, promote synaptic development, and maintain hippocampal energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyu Xu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ali H, Marth L, Krueger-Burg D. Neuroligin-2 as a central organizer of inhibitory synapses in health and disease. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/663/eabd8379. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd8379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Postsynaptic organizational protein complexes play central roles both in orchestrating synapse formation and in defining the functional properties of synaptic transmission that together shape the flow of information through neuronal networks. A key component of these organizational protein complexes is the family of synaptic adhesion proteins called neuroligins. Neuroligins form transsynaptic bridges with presynaptic neurexins to regulate various aspects of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Neuroligin-2 (NLGN2) is the only member that acts exclusively at GABAergic inhibitory synapses. Altered expression and mutations in NLGN2 and several of its interacting partners are linked to cognitive and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, autism, and anxiety. Research on NLGN2 has fundamentally shaped our understanding of the molecular architecture of inhibitory synapses. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular functions of mammalian NLGN2 and its role in the neuronal circuitry that regulates behavior in rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ali
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Marth
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dilja Krueger-Burg
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Freire-Cobo C, Wang J. Dietary phytochemicals modulate experience-dependent changes in Neurexin gene expression and alternative splicing in mice after chronic variable stress exposure. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173362. [PMID: 32663544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurexins (NRXNs) are cell-adhesion molecules important in the formation and remodeling of neural circuits. It has been shown that aversive environmental stimuli can affect the expression pattern of Neurexin genes (Nrxns) impacting the regulation of synaptic strength. Accumulated evidence suggests that, after chronic exposure to psychological stress, the triggered changes in gene expression and splicing patterns of Nrxns may be involved in aversive conditioning. Previously, we have demonstrated that a novel treatment using dietary phytochemicals can modulate the response to chronic variable stress (CVS) in mice. Here, we aimed to further investigate the long-term plasticity changes after CVS by focusing on the regulation of NRXNs at synapses. We found that CVS differentially triggers the region-specific gene expression of Nrxns in mice Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) and Hippocampus (HIPP). The prophylactic treatment with the combination of two phytochemicals dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA) and Malvidin-3-O-glucoside (Mal-gluc) differentially modulated the stress-induced effects on Nrxn1 and 3 mRNA expression in these brain areas and promoted the alternative splicing of Nrxn3 in HIPP. Overall, our data supports the prophylactic effect of dietary phytochemicals in the restoration of stress-induced plasticity changes in mouse brain. By intervening in activity-dependent plasticity at synapses, these compounds may attenuate the effects of chronic aversive conditioning. We propose that an early therapeutic intervention may help with disorders of negative affect, such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. Our future studies will address how DHCA/Mal-gluc might serve as a potential complement for current therapies in depression and other mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Freire-Cobo
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
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Revisiting the Stress Concept: Implications for Affective Disorders. J Neurosci 2020; 40:12-21. [PMID: 31896560 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0733-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, the concept of stress has evolved significantly, and our understanding of the underlying neurobiology has expanded dramatically. Rather than consider stress biology to be relevant only under unusual and threatening conditions, we conceive of it as an ongoing, adaptive process of assessing the environment, coping with it, and enabling the individual to anticipate and deal with future challenges. Though much remains to be discovered, the fundamental neurocircuitry that underlies these processes has been broadly delineated, key molecular players have been identified, and the impact of this system on neuroplasticity has been well established. More recently, we have come to appreciate the critical interaction between the brain and the rest of the body as it pertains to stress responsiveness. Importantly, this system can become overloaded due to ongoing environmental demands on the individual, be they physical, physiological, or psychosocial. The impact of this overload is deleterious to brain health, and it results in vulnerability to a range of brain disorders, including major depression and cognitive deficits. Thus, stress biology is one of the best understood systems in affective neuroscience and is an ideal target for addressing the pathophysiology of many brain-related diseases. The story we present began with the discovery of glucocorticoid receptors in hippocampus and has extended to other brain regions in both animal models and the human brain with the further discovery of structural and functional adaptive plasticity in response to stressful and other experiences.
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van der Kooij MA. The impact of chronic stress on energy metabolism. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 107:103525. [PMID: 32629109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is exceptionally demanding in terms of energy metabolism. Approximately 20% of the calories consumed are devoted to our cerebral faculties, with the lion's share provided in the form of glucose. The brain's stringent energy dependency requires a high degree of harmonization between the elements responsible for supplying- and metabolizing energetic substrates. However, chronic stress may jeopardize this homeostatic energy balance by disruption of critical metabolic processes. In agreement, stress-related mental disorders have been linked with perturbations in energy metabolism. Prominent stress-induced metabolic alterations include the actions of hormones, glucose uptake and mitochondrial adjustments. Importantly, fundamental stress-responsive metabolic adjustments in humans and animal models bear a striking resemblance. Here, an overview is provided of key findings, demonstrating the pervasive impact of chronic stress on energy metabolism. Furthermore, I argue that medications, aimed primarily at restoring metabolic homeostasis, may constitute a novel approach to treat mental disorders.
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Zhao W, Hu Y, Sun Q, Li S, Gao Z, Lin M, Ding Z, Sun J, Li C. Chronic restraint stress increases social interaction in C57BL/6J mice monitoring through MiceProfiler analysis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2402-2414. [PMID: 32478467 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The social deficit is a prevailing symptom in stress-induced depression. Although social interaction behavior has been widely studied in humans and rodents, it is imprecise to record the social behavior between two free-moving mice via perusal. In the present study, we applied an approach to analyze the social behavior in mice using a software named "MiceProfiler." C57BL/6J mice were stressed via chronic restraint stress (CRS) and housed in three populations of different sizes as follows: single, three in a cage, and six in a cage. The MiceProfiler was used to analyze the video of behavioral repertoire and, the result showed that stressed and single housed mice exhibited more social interaction both in the contact time and contact activities. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of CRS on social behavior when the mice were housed in larger populations size (three or six in a cage) and found that, the CRS procedure promoted social interaction. However, the larger population size resulted in the less total contact time, less time of head-tail, and moving in an opposite way. Besides, the CRS mice showed less social avoidance while the mice from a larger population presented less active contact. And the CRS mice also exhibited a higher social hierarchy compared with the control. Our data indicated that mild restraint stress might increase the intercommunication between mice. Collectively, our findings provided a new evidence for social behavior study and the MiceProfiler could be a new tool to measure the social behaviors of rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanlai Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiyun Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Shangzhi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zijie Gao
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Minjuan Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoxi Ding
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuangang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Lewis AS, Picciotto MR. Regulation of aggressive behaviors by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: Animal models, human genetics, and clinical studies. Neuropharmacology 2020; 167:107929. [PMID: 32058178 PMCID: PMC7080580 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are frequently complicated by aggressive behaviors. For some individuals, existing behavioral and psychopharmacological treatments are ineffective or confer significant side effects, necessitating development of new ways to treat patients with severe aggression. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are a large and diverse family of ligand-gated ion channels expressed throughout the brain that influence behaviors highly relevant for neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention, mood, and impulsivity. Nicotine and other drugs targeting nAChRs can reduce aggression in animal models of offensive, defensive, and predatory aggression, as well as in human laboratory studies. Human genetic studies have suggested a relationship between the CHRNA7 gene encoding the alpha-7 nAChR and aggressive behavior, although these effects are heterogeneous and strongly influenced by genetic background and environment. Here we review animal, human genetic, and clinical studies supporting a consistent role of nicotine and nAChR signaling in modulation of aggressive behaviors. We integrate findings from recent studies of aggression neuroscience, discuss the circuitry that may be involved in these effects of nAChRs, and identify multiple key questions that must be answered prior to safe and effective translation for human patients. This article is part of the special issue on 'Contemporary Advances in Nicotine Neuropharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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18
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LPA 1 receptor and chronic stress: Effects on behaviour and the genes involved in the hippocampal excitatory/inhibitory balance. Neuropharmacology 2020; 164:107896. [PMID: 31811875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The LPA1 receptor, one of the six characterized G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6) through which lysophosphatidic acid acts, is likely involved in promoting normal emotional behaviours. Current data suggest that the LPA-LPA1-receptor pathway may be involved in mediating the negative consequences of stress on hippocampal function. However, to date, there is no available information regarding the mechanisms whereby the LPA1 receptor mediates this adaptation. To gain further insight into how the LPA-LPA1 pathway may prevent the negative consequences of chronic stress, we assessed the effects of the continuous delivery of LPA on depressive-like behaviours induced by a chronic restraint stress protocol. Because a proper excitatory/inhibitory balance seems to be key for controlling the stress response system, the gene expression of molecular markers of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission was also determined. In addition, the hippocampal expression of mineralocorticoid receptor genes and glucocorticoid receptor genes and proteins as well as plasma corticosterone levels were determined. Contrary to our expectations, the continuous delivery of LPA in chronically stressed animals potentiated rather than inhibited some (e.g., anhedonia, reduced latency to the first immobility period), though not all, behavioural effects of stress. Furthermore, this treatment led to an alteration in the genes coding for proteins involved in the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the ventral hippocampus and to changes in corticosterone levels. In conclusion, the results of this study reinforce the assumption that LPA is involved in emotional regulation, mainly through the LPA1 receptor, and regulates the effects of stress on hippocampal gene expression and hippocampus-dependent behaviour.
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19
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Jager A, Amiri H, Bielczyk N, van Heukelum S, Heerschap A, Aschrafi A, Poelmans G, Buitelaar JK, Kozicz T, Glennon JC. Cortical control of aggression: GABA signalling in the anterior cingulate cortex. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 30:5-16. [PMID: 29274996 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reduced top-down control by cortical areas is assumed to underlie pathological forms of aggression. While the precise underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive, it seems that balancing the excitatory and inhibitory tones of cortical brain areas has a role in aggression control. The molecular mechanisms underpinning aggression control were examined in the BALB/cJ mouse model. First, these mice were extensively phenotyped for aggression and anxiety in comparison to BALB/cByJ controls. Microarray data was then used to construct a molecular landscape, based on the mRNAs that were differentially expressed in the brains of BALB/cJ mice. Subsequently, we provided corroborating evidence for the key findings from the landscape through 1H-magnetic resonance imaging and quantitative polymerase chain reactions, specifically in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The molecular landscape predicted that altered GABA signalling may underlie the observed increased aggression and anxiety in BALB/cJ mice. This was supported by a 40% reduction of 1H-MRS GABA levels and a 20-fold increase of the GABA-degrading enzyme Abat in the ventral ACC. As a possible compensation, Kcc2, a potassium-chloride channel involved in GABA-A receptor signalling, was found increased. Moreover, we observed aggressive behaviour that could be linked to altered expression of neuroligin-2, a membrane-bound cell adhesion protein that mediates synaptogenesis of mainly inhibitory synapses. In conclusion, Abat and Kcc2 seem to be involved in modulating aggressive and anxious behaviours observed in BALB/cJ mice through affecting GABA signalling in the ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Jager
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Houshang Amiri
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Bielczyk
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina van Heukelum
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Armaz Aschrafi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Geert Poelmans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Lee W, Fu J, Bouwman N, Farago P, Curley JP. Temporal microstructure of dyadic social behavior during relationship formation in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220596. [PMID: 31821344 PMCID: PMC6903754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Socially competent animals must learn to modify their behavior in response to their social partner in a contextually appropriate manner. Dominant-subordinate relationships are a particularly salient social context for mice. Here we observe and analyze the microstructure of social and non-social behaviors as 21 pairs of outbred CD-1 male mice (Mus Musculus) establish dominant-subordinate relationships during daily 20-minute interactions for five consecutive days in a neutral environment. Firstly, using a Kleinberg burst detection algorithm, we demonstrate aggressive and subordinate interactions occur in bursting patterns followed by quiescent periods rather than being uniformly distributed across social interactions. Secondly, we identify three phases of dominant-subordinate relationship development (pre-, middle-, and post-resolution) by utilizing two statistical methods to identify stability in aggressive and subordinate behavior across these bursts. Thirdly, using First Order Markov Chains we find that dominant and subordinate mice show distinct behavioral transitions, especially between tail rattling and other aggressive/subordinate behaviors. Further, dominant animals engaged in more digging and allogrooming behavior and were more likely to transition from sniffing their partner's body to head, whereas subordinates were more likely to transition from head sniffing to side-by-side contact. Lastly, we utilized a novel method (Forward Spike Time Tiling Coefficient) to assess how individuals respond to the behaviors of their partner. We found that subordinates decrease their tail rattling and aggressive behavior in response to aggressive but not subordinate behavior exhibited by dominants and that tail rattling in particular may function to deescalate aggressive behavior in pairs. Our findings demonstrate that CD-1 male mice rapidly establish dominance relationships and modify their social and non-social behaviors according to their current social status. The methods that we detail also provide useful tools for other researchers wishing to evaluate the temporal dynamics of rodent social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Lee
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jiayi Fu
- Department of Statistics Graduate Program, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Statistics Master’s Program, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Neal Bouwman
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Pam Farago
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - James P. Curley
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Integrative Animal Behavior, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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21
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Verma V, Paul A, Amrapali Vishwanath A, Vaidya B, Clement JP. Understanding intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders from common mouse models: synapses to behaviour. Open Biol 2019; 9:180265. [PMID: 31185809 PMCID: PMC6597757 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal brain development is highly dependent on the timely coordinated actions of genetic and environmental processes, and an aberration can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of co-occurring NDDs that affect between 3% and 5% of the world population, thus presenting a great challenge to society. This problem calls for the need to understand the pathobiology of these disorders and to design new therapeutic strategies. One approach towards this has been the development of multiple analogous mouse models. This review discusses studies conducted in the mouse models of five major monogenic causes of ID and ASDs: Fmr1, Syngap1, Mecp2, Shank2/3 and Neuroligins/Neurnexins. These studies reveal that, despite having a diverse molecular origin, the effects of these mutations converge onto similar or related aetiological pathways, consequently giving rise to the typical phenotype of cognitive, social and emotional deficits that are characteristic of ID and ASDs. This convergence, therefore, highlights common pathological nodes that can be targeted for therapy. Other than conventional therapeutic strategies such as non-pharmacological corrective methods and symptomatic alleviation, multiple studies in mouse models have successfully proved the possibility of pharmacological and genetic therapy enabling functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Verma
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bengaluru 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhik Paul
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bengaluru 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjali Amrapali Vishwanath
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bengaluru 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhupesh Vaidya
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bengaluru 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - James P Clement
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bengaluru 560 064, Karnataka, India
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Tse YC, Lopez J, Moquin A, Wong SMA, Maysinger D, Wong TP. The susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress is related to low hippocampal extrasynaptic NMDA receptor function. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1310-1318. [PMID: 30723288 PMCID: PMC6785155 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have been highly implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. While NMDARs can be found inside and outside glutamate synapses, it remains unclear if NMDARs at synaptic (sNMDAR) and extrasynaptic locations (exNMDAR) play different roles in the formation of depression-related behaviors. Using chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), an animal model for anxiety- and depression-related behaviors, we found that mice susceptible to CSDS exhibited low hippocampal exNMDAR function. Raising exNMDAR function by enhancing the release of glutamate from astrocytic cystine-glutamate antiporters or targeting extrasynaptic receptors with agonist-coated gold nanoparticles that cannot enter the synaptic cleft prevented social avoidance behavior in stressed mice. Interestingly, ketamine, which is a fast-acting antidepressant, exhibited stronger blockade to sNMDARs than to exNMDARs. These findings suggest that the susceptibility and resilience of mice toward CSDS is related to low and high exNMDAR function in the hippocampus, respectively. Enhancing exNMDAR function could be a novel treatment approach for mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Chung Tse
- 0000 0001 2353 5268grid.412078.8Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Joëlle Lopez
- 0000 0001 2353 5268grid.412078.8Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Alexandre Moquin
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Shui-Ming Alice Wong
- 0000 0001 2353 5268grid.412078.8Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Tak Pan Wong
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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23
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Pervolaraki E, Tyson AL, Pibiri F, Poulter SL, Reichelt AC, Rodgers RJ, Clapcote SJ, Lever C, Andreae LC, Dachtler J. The within-subject application of diffusion tensor MRI and CLARITY reveals brain structural changes in Nrxn2 deletion mice. Mol Autism 2019; 10:8. [PMID: 30858964 PMCID: PMC6394023 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Of the many genetic mutations known to increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder, a large proportion cluster upon synaptic proteins. One such family of presynaptic proteins are the neurexins (NRXN), and recent genetic and mouse evidence has suggested a causative role for NRXN2 in generating altered social behaviours. Autism has been conceptualised as a disorder of atypical connectivity, yet how single-gene mutations affect such connectivity remains under-explored. To attempt to address this, we have developed a quantitative analysis of microstructure and structural connectivity leveraging diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) with high-resolution 3D imaging in optically cleared (CLARITY) brain tissue in the same mouse, applied here to the Nrxn2α knockout (KO) model. Methods Fixed brains of Nrxn2α KO mice underwent DTI using 9.4 T MRI, and diffusion properties of socially relevant brain regions were quantified. The same tissue was then subjected to CLARITY to immunolabel axons and cell bodies, which were also quantified. Results DTI revealed increases in fractional anisotropy in the amygdala (including the basolateral nuclei), the anterior cingulate cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex and the hippocampus. Axial diffusivity of the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex was significantly increased in Nrxn2α KO mice, as were tracts between the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex. Using CLARITY, we find significantly altered axonal orientation in the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, which was unrelated to cell density. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that deleting a single neurexin gene (Nrxn2α) induces atypical structural connectivity within socially relevant brain regions. More generally, our combined within-subject DTI and CLARITY approach presents a new, more sensitive method of revealing hitherto undetectable differences in the autistic brain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13229-019-0261-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam L Tyson
- 2Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL UK.,3MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL UK.,4Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Francesca Pibiri
- 5Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Steven L Poulter
- 5Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Amy C Reichelt
- 6Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - R John Rodgers
- 7School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Steven J Clapcote
- 1School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Colin Lever
- 5Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Laura C Andreae
- 2Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL UK.,3MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - James Dachtler
- 1School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK.,5Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
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Ketamine differentially restores diverse alterations of neuroligins in brain regions in a rat model of neuropathic pain-induced depression. Neuroreport 2019; 29:863-869. [PMID: 29742620 PMCID: PMC5999384 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Depression is present in a large proportion of patients suffering from chronic pain, and yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Neuroligins (NLs), as a family of cell-adhesion proteins, are involved in synaptic formation and have been linked to various neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we studied the alterations in NL1 and NL2 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and the hippocampus in a rat model of neuropathic pain-induced depression, and whether ketamine, a rapid and robust antidepressant, could restore these abnormalities. In the present study, we found that spared nerve injury induced significant mechanical allodynia and subsequent depressive-like symptoms, along with decreased NL1 and increased NL2 in the mPFC, decreased NL1 in the ACC, and decreased NL2 in the hippocampus. In addition, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was reduced in these brain regions. It is noteworthy that ketamine (10 mg/kg) relieved neuropathic pain-induced depressive behaviors and restored alterations of BDNF and NLs in the mPFC and the hippocampus at 24 h and 72 h after the administration of ketamine, but only restored BDNF in the ACC. In conclusion, NLs showed diverse changes in different brain regions in the rat model of neuropathic pain-induced depression, which could be reversed differentially by the administration of ketamine.
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25
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Ghosal S, Sandi C, van der Kooij MA. Neuropharmacology of the mesolimbic system and associated circuits on social hierarchies. Neuropharmacology 2019; 159:107498. [PMID: 30660627 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most socially living species are organized hierarchically, primarily based on individual differences in social dominance. Dominant individuals typically gain privileged access to important resources, such as food, mating partners and territories, whereas submissive conspecifics are often devoid of such benefits. The benefits associated with a high social status provide a strong incentive to become dominant. Importantly, motivational- and reward-related processes are regulated, to a large extent, by the mesolimbic system. Consequently, several studies point to a key role for the mesolimbic system in social hierarchy formation. This review summarizes the growing body of literature that implicates the mesolimbic system, and associated neural circuits, on social hierarchies. In particular, we discuss the neurochemical and pharmacological studies that have highlighted the contributions of the mesolimbic system and associated circuits including dopamine signaling through the D1 or D2 receptors, GABAergic neurotransmission, the androgen receptor system, and mitochondria and bioenergetics. Given that low social status has been linked to the emergence of anxiety- and depressive-like disorders, a greater understanding of the neurochemistry underlying social dominance could be of tremendous benefit for the development of pharmacological treatments to dysfunctions in social behaviors. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The neuropharmacology of social behavior: from bench to bedside'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosal
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - M A van der Kooij
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; German Resilience Center, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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26
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Van Zandt M, Weiss E, Almyasheva A, Lipior S, Maisel S, Naegele JR. Adeno-associated viral overexpression of neuroligin 2 in the mouse hippocampus enhances GABAergic synapses and impairs hippocampal-dependent behaviors. Behav Brain Res 2018; 362:7-20. [PMID: 30605713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The cell adhesion molecule neuroligin2 (NLGN2) regulates GABAergic synapse development, but its role in neural circuit function in the adult hippocampus is unclear. We investigated GABAergic synapses and hippocampus-dependent behaviors following viral-vector-mediated overexpression of NLGN2. Transducing hippocampal neurons with AAV-NLGN2 increased neuronal expression of NLGN2 and membrane localization of GABAergic postsynaptic proteins gephyrin and GABAARγ2, and presynaptic vesicular GABA transporter protein (VGAT) suggesting trans-synaptic enhancement of GABAergic synapses. In contrast, glutamatergic postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) and presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) protein were unaltered. Moreover, AAV-NLGN2 significantly increased parvalbumin immunoreactive (PV+) synaptic boutons co-localized with postsynaptic gephyrin+ puncta. Furthermore, these changes were demonstrated to lead to cognitive impairments as shown in a battery of hippocampal-dependent mnemonic tasks and social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van Zandt
- Wesleyan University, Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Middletown, CT, United States
| | - E Weiss
- Wesleyan University, Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Middletown, CT, United States
| | - A Almyasheva
- Wesleyan University, Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Middletown, CT, United States
| | - S Lipior
- Wesleyan University, Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Middletown, CT, United States
| | - S Maisel
- Wesleyan University, Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Middletown, CT, United States
| | - J R Naegele
- Wesleyan University, Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Middletown, CT, United States.
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Zain MA, Pandy V, Majeed ABA, Wong WF, Mohamed Z. Chronic restraint stress impairs sociability but not social recognition and spatial memoryin C57BL/6J mice. Exp Anim 2018; 68:113-124. [PMID: 30393276 PMCID: PMC6389516 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress has been associated with impairment of memory, learning, and social
cognition. In animal studies, chronic stress has been shown to impair rodent sociability
behaviour which mimics social withdrawal as observed in depression patients. The effect of
chronic stress on social recognition, however, is uncertain. Moreover, with reference to
spatial learning and memory, the effect of chronic stress is dependent on the type of
behavioural task: an appetitively or aversively motivated tasks. The effect of chronic
stress was consistent in impairing spatial learning and memory in the appetitive task;
however, the effect was inconsistent in an aversive task like the Morris water maze. Thus,
we aimed to investigate the effect of chronic restraint stress on sociability and social
recognition by using a modified protocol of the three-chamber paradigm and the effect of
chronic restraint stress on spatial learning and memory by using the Morris water maze
test in young adult C57BL/6J male mice. The present report also describes a modified
protocol of the three-chamber paradigm. Our modification is based on measurement of
sniffing behaviour, which is a direct social interaction that represents sociability. We
used the chronic restraint stress paradigm for 6 h/day for 21 days to induce
depression-like symptoms in male C57BL/6J mice which were validated by forced-swim test.
We observed that the stressed group had impairments in their sociability behaviour but
that social recognition was not affected. Furthermore, we confirmed that chronic stress
produced no significant impairment in spatial learning and memory of the mice in the water
maze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aizat Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Vijayapandi Pandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chalapathi Nagar, LAM, Guntur, 522034, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Core, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
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28
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Dos Santos EB, Rodrigues RAP, Fhon JRS, Haas VJ. Changes and predictors of psychological stress among elderly stroke survivors 6 months after hospital discharge. Stress Health 2018; 34:359-366. [PMID: 29266751 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the changes in psychological stress and identify its basal predictors among elderly stroke survivors after 6 months following discharge from hospital to home directly, rather than to a rehabilitation facility. The sample comprised 50 elderly stroke survivors. Data were collected at 2 weeks (T1), at 3 months (T2), and at 6 months (T3) after hospital discharge. The following instruments were applied: Perceived Stress Scale-10 items (PSS-10), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, Functional Independence Measure, and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 items. Study records indicated that the age of the study participants ranged from 60 to 87 years old (mean = 70.3; standard deviation = 7.6). The number of male and female participants was similar. The PSS-10 score decreased almost 6 points between T1 (mean = 15.1) and T3 (mean = 9.7; p < .001). Both Functional Independence Measure (p = .025) and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (p = .017) scores at T1 predicted the PSS-10 score at T3. The study thus demonstrated that elderly stroke survivors experienced significant stress after hospital discharge, which tended to improve over the next 6 months. Depression and lower functional independence 2 weeks after discharge were predictors of a greater level of psychological stress at 6 months following discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuella Barros Dos Santos
- Department of Specialized and General Nursing, Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jack Roberto Silva Fhon
- Department of Specialized and General Nursing, Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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29
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Walker SE, Wood TC, Cash D, Mesquita M, Williams SCR, Sandi C. Alterations in brain microstructure in rats that develop abnormal aggression following peripubertal stress. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:1818-1832. [PMID: 29961949 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to early adversity is implicated in the development of aggressive behaviour later in life in some but not all individuals. The reasons for the variability in response to such experiences are not clear but may relate to pre-existing individual differences that influence their downstream effects. Applying structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to a rat model of abnormal aggression induced by peripubertal stress, we examined whether individual differences in the development of an aggressive phenotype following stress exposure were underpinned by variation in the structure of aggression-associated, corticolimbic brain regions. We also assessed whether responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stress was associated with neurobehavioural outcome following adversity. A subset of the rats exposed to peripubertal stress developed an aggressive phenotype, while the remaining rats were affected in other behavioural domains, such as increased anxiety-like behaviours and reduced sociability. Peripubertal stress led to changes in tissue microstructure within prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampal formation only in those individuals displaying an aggressive phenotype. Attenuated glucocorticoid response to stress during juvenility predicted the subsequent development of an aggressive phenotype in peripubertal stress-exposed rats. Our study establishes a link between peripubertal stress exposure in rats and structural deviations in brain regions linked to abnormal aggression and points towards low glucocorticoid responsiveness to stress as a potential underlying mechanism. We additionally highlight the importance of considering individual differences in behavioural response to stress when determining neurobiological correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Walker
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias C Wood
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michel Mesquita
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steven C R Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Lewis AS, Pittenger ST, Mineur YS, Stout D, Smith PH, Picciotto MR. Bidirectional Regulation of Aggression in Mice by Hippocampal Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1267-1275. [PMID: 29114104 PMCID: PMC5916354 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Humans with 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome (15q13.3DS) are typically hemizygous for CHRNA7, the gene coding for the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and manifest a variable neuropsychiatric phenotype that frequently includes persistent aggression. In mice, nAChR activation by nicotine is anti-aggressive, or 'serenic,' an effect which requires α7 nAChRs and is recapitulated by GTS-21, an α7 nAChR partial agonist. Pharmacotherapies potentiating α7 nAChR signaling have also been shown to reduce aggression in human 15q13.3DS. These findings identify the α7 nAChR as an important regulator of aggressive behavior, but the underlying neurobiological substrates remain to be determined. We therefore investigated the brain regions and potential neural circuits in which α7 nAChRs regulate aggressive behavior in male mice. As in 15q13.3DS, mice heterozygous for Chrna7 were significantly more aggressive compared to wild-type controls in the resident-intruder test. We subsequently examined the hippocampus, where α7 nAChRs are highly expressed, particularly in GABAergic interneurons. Resident-intruder interactions strongly activated granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG). In contrast, GTS-21, which reduces aggression in mice, reduced DG granule cell activity during resident-intruder interactions. Short hairpin RNA knockdown of Chrna7 in the DG enhanced baseline aggression and eliminated the serenic effects of both nicotine and GTS-21 on attack latency. These data further implicate α7 nAChRs in regulation of aggression, and demonstrate that hippocampal α7 nAChR signaling is necessary and sufficient to limit aggression. These findings suggest that nAChR-mediated regulation of hippocampal excitatory-inhibitory balance could be a promising therapeutic intervention for aggression arising in certain forms of neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven T Pittenger
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yann S Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dawson Stout
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Philip H Smith
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, 3rd Floor Research, New Haven, CT 06508, USA, Tel: +203-737-2041, Fax: +203-737-2043, E-mail:
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31
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McEwen BS. Redefining neuroendocrinology: Epigenetics of brain-body communication over the life course. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 49:8-30. [PMID: 29132949 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The brain is the central organ of stress and adaptation to stress that perceives and determines what is threatening, as well as the behavioral and physiological responses to the stressor, and it does so somewhat differently in males and females. The expression of steroid hormone receptors throughout the brain has broadened the definition of 'neuroendocrinology' to include the reciprocal communication between the entire brain and body via hormonal and neural pathways. Mediated in part via systemic hormonal influences, the adult and developing brain possess remarkable structural and functional plasticity in response to stress, including neuronal replacement, dendritic remodeling, and synapse turnover. This article is both an account of an emerging field elucidating brain-body interactions at multiple levels, from molecules to social organization, as well as a personal account of my laboratory's role and, most importantly, the roles of trainees and colleagues, along with my involvement in interdisciplinary groups working on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA. http://www.rockefeller.edu/labheads/mcewen/mcewen-lab.php
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32
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Li W, Papilloud A, Lozano-Montes L, Zhao N, Ye X, Zhang X, Sandi C, Rainer G. Stress Impacts the Regulation Neuropeptides in the Rat Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700408. [PMID: 29406625 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Adverse life experiences increase the lifetime risk to several stress-related psychopathologies, such as anxiety or depressive-like symptoms following stress in adulthood. However, the neurochemical modulations triggered by stress have not been fully characterized. Neuropeptides play an important role as signaling molecules that contribute to physiological regulation and have been linked to neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, little is known about the influence of stress on neuropeptide regulation in the brain. Here, we have performed an exploratory study of how neuropeptide expression at adulthood is modulated by experiencing a period of multiple stressful experiences. We have targeted hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) brain areas, which have previously been shown to be modulated by stressors, employing a targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based approach that permits broad peptide coverage with high sensitivity. We found that in the hippocampus, Met-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, and Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu were upregulated, while Leu-enkephalin and Little SAAS were downregulated after stress. In the PFC area, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu, peptide PHI-27, somatostatin-28 (AA1-12), and Little SAAS were all downregulated. This systematic evaluation of neuropeptide alterations in the hippocampus and PFC suggests that stressors impact neuropeptides and that neuropeptide regulation is brain-area specific. These findings suggest several potential peptide candidates, which warrant further investigations in terms of correlation with depression-associated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Aurelie Papilloud
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Science, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nan Zhao
- Division of Biological Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Ye
- Division of Biological Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- Division of Biological Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Science, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Rainer
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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33
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Heshmati M, Aleyasin H, Menard C, Christoffel DJ, Flanigan ME, Pfau ML, Hodes GE, Lepack AE, Bicks LK, Takahashi A, Chandra R, Turecki G, Lobo MK, Maze I, Golden SA, Russo SJ. Cell-type-specific role for nucleus accumbens neuroligin-2 in depression and stress susceptibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1111-1116. [PMID: 29339486 PMCID: PMC5798379 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719014115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral coping strategies are critical for active resilience to stress and depression; here we describe a role for neuroligin-2 (NLGN-2) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Neuroligins (NLGN) are a family of neuronal postsynaptic cell adhesion proteins that are constituents of the excitatory and inhibitory synapse. Importantly, NLGN-3 and NLGN-4 mutations are strongly implicated as candidates underlying the development of neuropsychiatric disorders with social disturbances such as autism, but the role of NLGN-2 in neuropsychiatric disease states is unclear. Here we show a reduction in NLGN-2 gene expression in the NAc of patients with major depressive disorder. Chronic social defeat stress in mice also decreases NLGN-2 selectively in dopamine D1-positive cells, but not dopamine D2-positive cells, within the NAc of stress-susceptible mice. Functional NLGN-2 knockdown produces bidirectional, cell-type-specific effects: knockdown in dopamine D1-positive cells promotes subordination and stress susceptibility, whereas knockdown in dopamine D2-positive cells mediates active defensive behavior. These findings establish a behavioral role for NAc NLGN-2 in stress and depression; provide a basis for targeted, cell-type specific therapy; and highlight the role of active behavioral coping mechanisms in stress susceptibility.
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MESH Headings
- Aggression
- Animals
- Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
- Behavior, Animal
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Depressive Disorder, Major/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dominance-Subordination
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Social Behavior
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- Synapses/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Heshmati
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Hossein Aleyasin
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Caroline Menard
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Daniel J Christoffel
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Meghan E Flanigan
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Madeline L Pfau
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Georgia E Hodes
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ashley E Lepack
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Lucy K Bicks
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Aki Takahashi
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ian Maze
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Sam A Golden
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA-NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Scott J Russo
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029;
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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34
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NLGN1 and NLGN2 in the prefrontal cortex: their role in memory consolidation and strengthening. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 48:122-130. [PMID: 29278843 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for memory formation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Clinical and animal model studies have shown that changes in PFC excitation and inhibition are important for cognitive functions as well as related disorders. Here, we discuss recent findings revealing the roles of the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic proteins neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) and NLGN2 in the PFC in memory formation and modulation of memory strength. We propose that shifts in NLGN1 and NLGN2 expression in specific excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subpopulations in response to experience regulate the dynamic processes of memory consolidation and strengthening. Because excitatory/inhibitory imbalances accompany neuropsychiatric disorders in which strength and flexibility of representations play important roles, understanding these mechanisms may suggest novel therapies.
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35
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Unpredictable chronic mild stress differentially impairs social and contextual discrimination learning in two inbred mouse strains. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188537. [PMID: 29166674 PMCID: PMC5699833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the social and cognitive domain are considered important indicators for increased disability in many stress-related disorders. Similar impairments have been observed in rodents chronically exposed to stress, mimicking potential endophenotypes of stress-related psychopathologies such as major depression disorder (MDD), anxiety, conduct disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Data from numerous studies suggest that deficient plasticity mechanisms in hippocampus (HC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) might underlie these social and cognitive deficits. Specifically, stress-induced deficiencies in neural plasticity have been associated with a hypodopaminergic state and reduced neural plasticity persistence. Here we assessed the effects of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) on exploratory, social and cognitive behavior of females of two inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6J and DBA/2J) that differ in their dopaminergic profile. Exposure to chronic stress resulted in impaired circadian rhythmicity, sociability and social cognition in both inbred strains, but differentially affected activity patterns and contextual discrimination performance. These stress-induced behavioral impairments were accompanied by reduced expression levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex. The strain-specific cognitive impairment was coexistent with enhanced plasma corticosterone levels and reduced expression of genes related to dopamine signaling in hippocampus. These results underline the importance of assessing different strains with multiple test batteries to elucidate the neural and genetic basis of social and cognitive impairments related to chronic stress.
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36
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The Effect of Glucocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptor Interactions on Brain, Spinal Cord, and Glial Cell Plasticity. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:8640970. [PMID: 28928988 PMCID: PMC5591892 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8640970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress, injury, and disease trigger glucocorticoid (GC) elevation. Elevated GCs bind to the ubiquitously expressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR). While GRs are in every cell in the nervous system, the expression level varies, suggesting that diverse cell types react differently to GR activation. Stress/GCs induce structural plasticity in neurons, Schwann cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes as well as affect neurotransmission by changing the release and reuptake of glutamate. While general nervous system plasticity is essential for adaptation and learning and memory, stress-induced plasticity is often maladaptive and contributes to neuropsychiatric disorders and neuropathic pain. In this brief review, we describe the evidence that stress/GCs activate GR to promote cell type-specific changes in cellular plasticity throughout the nervous system.
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37
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Early Social Isolation Stress and Perinatal NMDA Receptor Antagonist Treatment Induce Changes in the Structure and Neurochemistry of Inhibitory Neurons of the Adult Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0034-17. [PMID: 28466069 PMCID: PMC5411163 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0034-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure to aversive experiences during early life influences brain development and leads to altered behavior. Moreover, the combination of these experiences with subtle alterations in neurodevelopment may contribute to the emergence of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Recent hypotheses suggest that imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission, especially in the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, may underlie their etiopathology. In order to understand better the neurobiological bases of these alterations, we studied the impact of altered neurodevelopment and chronic early-life stress on these two brain regions. Transgenic mice displaying fluorescent excitatory and inhibitory neurons, received a single injection of MK801 (NMDAR antagonist) or vehicle solution at postnatal day 7 and/or were socially isolated from the age of weaning until adulthood (3 months old). We found that anxiety-related behavior, brain volume, neuronal structure, and the expression of molecules related to plasticity and E/I neurotransmission in adult mice were importantly affected by early-life stress. Interestingly, many of these effects were potentiated when the stress paradigm was applied to mice perinatally injected with MK801 ("double-hit" model). These results clearly show the impact of early-life stress on the adult brain, especially on the structure and plasticity of inhibitory networks, and highlight the double-hit model as a valuable tool to study the contribution of early-life stress in the emergence of neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia.
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38
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Neuroligin 2 regulates spinal GABAergic plasticity in hyperalgesic priming, a model of the transition from acute to chronic pain. Pain 2017; 157:1314-1324. [PMID: 26859820 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasticity in inhibitory receptors, neurotransmission, and networks is an important mechanism for nociceptive signal amplification in the spinal dorsal horn. We studied potential changes in GABAergic pharmacology and its underlying mechanisms in hyperalgesic priming, a model of the transition from acute to chronic pain. We find that while GABAA agonists and positive allosteric modulators reduce mechanical hypersensitivity to an acute insult, they fail to do so during the maintenance phase of hyperalgesic priming. In contrast, GABAA antagonism promotes antinociception and a reduction in facial grimacing after the transition to a chronic pain state. During the maintenance phase of hyperalgesic priming, we observed increased neuroligin (nlgn) 2 expression in the spinal dorsal horn. This protein increase was associated with an increase in nlgn2A splice variant mRNA, which promotes inhibitory synaptogenesis. Disruption of nlgn2 function with the peptide inhibitor, neurolide 2, produced mechanical hypersensitivity in naive mice but reversed hyperalgesic priming in mice previously exposed to brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Neurolide 2 treatment also reverses the change in polarity in GABAergic pharmacology observed in the maintenance of hyperalgesic priming. We propose that increased nlgn2 expression is associated with hyperalgesic priming where it promotes dysregulation of inhibitory networks. Our observations reveal new mechanisms involved in the spinal maintenance of a pain plasticity and further suggest that disinhibitory mechanisms are central features of neuroplasticity in the spinal dorsal horn.
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Luoni A, Richetto J, Longo L, Riva MA. Chronic lurasidone treatment normalizes GABAergic marker alterations in the dorsal hippocampus of mice exposed to prenatal immune activation. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:170-179. [PMID: 27939135 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal maternal infection represents a risk factor for the development of psychopathologic conditions later in life. Clinical evidence is also supported by animal models in which the vulnerability to develop a schizophrenic-like phenotype likely originates from inflammatory processes as early as in the womb. Prenatal immune challenge, for example, induces a variety of long-term behavioral alterations in mice, such as deficits in recognition and spatial working memory, perseverative behaviors and social impairments, which are relevant to different symptom clusters of schizophrenia. Here, we investigated the modulation of GABAergic markers in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus of adult mice exposed to late prenatal immune challenge with the viral mimetic Poly(I:C) (polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic-acid) at gestational day 17, and we evaluated the ability of chronic treatment with the multi-receptor antipsychotic lurasidone to modulate the alterations produced by maternal infection. Poly(I:C) mice show a significant reduction of key GABAergic markers, such as GAD67 and parvalbumin, specifically in the dorsal hippocampus, which were normalized by chronic lurasidone administration. Moreover, chronic drug administration increases the expression of the pool of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) transcripts with the long 3'-UTR as well as the levels of mature BDNF protein in the synaptosomal compartment, selectively in dorsal hippocampus. All in all, our findings demonstrate that lurasidone is effective in ameliorating molecular abnormalities observed in Poly(I:C) mice, providing further support to the neuroplastic properties of this multi-receptor antipsychotic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - J Richetto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Longo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Munder A, Israel LL, Kahremany S, Ben-Shabat-Binyamini R, Zhang C, Kolitz-Domb M, Viskind O, Levine A, Senderowitz H, Chessler S, Lellouche JP, Gruzman A. Mimicking Neuroligin-2 Functions in β-Cells by Functionalized Nanoparticles as a Novel Approach for Antidiabetic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1189-1206. [PMID: 28045486 PMCID: PMC6035049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Both pancreatic β-cell membranes and presynaptic active zones of neurons include in their structures similar protein complexes, which are responsible for mediating the secretion of bioactive molecules. In addition, these membrane-anchored proteins regulate interactions between neurons and guide the formation and maturation of synapses. These proteins include the neuroligins (e.g., NL-2) and their binding partners, the neurexins. The insulin secretion and maturation of β-cells is known to depend on their 3-dimensional (3D) arrangement. It was also reported that both insulin secretion and the proliferation rates of β-cells increase when cells are cocultured with clusters of NL-2. Use of full-length NL-2 or even its exocellular domain as potential β-cell functional enhancers is limited by the biostability and bioavailability issues common to all protein-based therapeutics. Thus, based on molecular modeling approaches, a short peptide with the potential ability to bind neurexins was derived from the NL-2 sequence. Here, we show that the NL-2-derived peptide conjugates onto innovative functional maghemite (γ-Fe2O3)-based nanoscale composite particles enhance β-cell functions in terms of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and protect them under stress conditions. Recruiting the β-cells' "neuron-like" secretory machinery as a target for diabetes treatment use has never been reported before. Such nanoscale composites might therefore provide a unique starting point for designing a novel class of antidiabetic therapeutic agents that possess a unique mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Munder
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Liron L. Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Nanomaterials Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Shirin Kahremany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Rina Ben-Shabat-Binyamini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Nanomaterials Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Charles Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Michal Kolitz-Domb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Nanomaterials Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Olga Viskind
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Anna Levine
- The Scientific Equipment Center, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Hanoch Senderowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Steven Chessler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Jean-Paul Lellouche
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Nanomaterials Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Penney J, Mendell A, Zeng M, Tran K, Lymer J, Turner PV, Choleris E, MacLusky N, Lu R. LUMAN/CREB3 is a key regulator of glucocorticoid-mediated stress responses. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:95-104. [PMID: 27789393 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Altered glucocorticoid sensitivity is believed to contribute to a number of human diseases, including inflammatory and autoimmune conditions as well as disorders characterized by abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) function. LUMAN (or CREB3), originally identified through its interaction with a cell cycle regulator HCFC1, is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound transcription factor that is involved in the unfolded protein response. Here we demonstrate that LUMAN changes the glucocorticoid response by modulating the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor leading to an overall increase in GR activity. Luman-deficient mice exhibited a blunted stress response characterized by low levels of both anxiety and depressive-like behaviour in addition to low circulating corticosterone levels. These mice also have reduced dendritic branching in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, consistent with increased GR responses. These findings are consistent with the notion that elevated GR activities are the primary cause of the observed phenotype in these LUMAN-deficient mice. We thus postulate that LUMAN is a key regulator of GR-mediated signaling and modulates HPA axis reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Penney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 488 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ari Mendell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 488 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Minghua Zeng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 488 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khoa Tran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 488 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jennifer Lymer
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, 488 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Patricia V Turner
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 488 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elena Choleris
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, 488 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Neil MacLusky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 488 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ray Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 488 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Parente DJ, Garriga C, Baskin B, Douglas G, Cho MT, Araujo GC, Shinawi M. Neuroligin 2 nonsense variant associated with anxiety, autism, intellectual disability, hyperphagia, and obesity. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:213-216. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Parente
- Department of Family Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City Kansas
| | | | | | | | | | - Gabriel C. Araujo
- Department of Psychology; St. Louis Children's Hospital; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
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Calabrese F, Riva MA, Molteni R. Synaptic alterations associated with depression and schizophrenia: potential as a therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1195-207. [PMID: 27167520 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1188080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, the concept of 'synaptopathy' has been extended from neurodegenerative and neurological disorders to psychiatric diseases. According to this nascent line of research, disruption in synaptic structure and function acts as the main determinant of mental illness. Therefore, molecular systems and processes crucial for synaptic activity may represent promising therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED We review data on synaptic structural alterations in depression and schizophrenia and on specific molecular systems and/or mechanisms important for the maintenance of proper synaptic function. Specifically, we examine the involvement of the neuroligin system, the local protein translation, and the neurotrophin BDNF by reviewing clinical and preclinical studies, with particular attention to results provided by using animal models based on the role of stress in psychiatric diseases. Finally, we also discuss the impact of pharmacological treatment on these molecular systems/mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION The relevance of synaptic dysfunctions in psychiatric diseases is undoubted and the potential to normalize, ameliorate, and shape such alterations by acting on molecular systems crucial to ensure synaptic function property is fascinating. However, future studies are required to elucidate several open issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Calabrese
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Marco A Riva
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Raffaella Molteni
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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Albanese E, Matthews KA, Zhang J, Jacobs DR, Whitmer RA, Wadley VG, Yaffe K, Sidney S, Launer LJ. Hostile attitudes and effortful coping in young adulthood predict cognition 25 years later. Neurology 2016; 86:1227-34. [PMID: 26935891 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the relation of early-life (mean age 25 years) and mid-life (mean age 50 years) cognitive function to early measures of hostile attitudes and effortful coping. METHODS In 3,126 black and white men and women (born in 1955-1968) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA), we used linear regression to examine the association of hostile attitudes (Cook-Medley questionnaire) and effortful coping assessed at baseline (1985-1986) to cognitive ability measured in 1987 and to a composite cognitive Z score of tests of verbal memory, psychomotor speed, and executive function ascertained in midlife (2010-2011). RESULTS Baseline hostility and effortful coping were prospectively associated with lower cognitive function 25 years later, controlling for age, sex, race, education, long-term exposure to depression, discrimination, negative life events, and baseline cognitive ability. Compared to the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of hostility performed 0.21 SD units lower (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.39, -0.02). Those in the highest quartile of effortful coping performed 0.30 SD units lower (95% CI -0.48, -0.12) compared to those in the lowest quartile. Further adjustment for cumulative exposure to cardiovascular risk factors attenuated the association with the cognitive composite Z score for hostility. CONCLUSIONS Worse cognition in midlife was independently associated with 2 psychological characteristics measured in young adulthood. This suggests that interventions that promote positive social interactions may have a role in reducing risk of late-age cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Albanese
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Karen A Matthews
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Julia Zhang
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - David R Jacobs
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Rachel A Whitmer
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Virginia G Wadley
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Stephen Sidney
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Lenore J Launer
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco.
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Neuroligin-2 Expression in the Prefrontal Cortex is Involved in Attention Deficits Induced by Peripubertal Stress. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:751-61. [PMID: 26152839 PMCID: PMC4707821 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that attention deficits, which are frequently observed as core symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders, may be elicited by early life stress. However, the mechanisms mediating these stress effects remain unknown. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been implicated in the regulation of attention, including dysfunctions in GABAergic transmission, and it is highly sensitive to stress. Here, we investigated the involvement of neuroligin-2 (NLGN-2), a synaptic cell adhesion molecule involved in the stabilization and maturation of GABAergic synapses, in the PFC in the link between stress and attention deficits. First, we established that exposure of rats to stress during the peripubertal period impairs attention in the five-choice serial reaction time task and results in reductions in the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase in different PFC subregions (ie, prelimbic (PL), infralimbic, and medial and ventral orbitofrontal (OFC) cortex) and in NLGN-2 in the PL cortex. In peripubertally stressed animals, NLGN-2 expression in the PL and OFC cortex correlated with attention measurements. Subsequently, we found that adeno-associated virus-induced rescue of NLGN-2 in the PFC reverses the stress-induced attention deficits regarding omitted trials. Therefore, our findings highlight peripuberty as a period that is highly vulnerable to stress, leading to the development of attention deficits and a dysfunction in the PFC GABAergic system and NLGN-2 expression. Furthermore, NLGN-2 is underscored as a promising target to treat stress-induced cognitive alterations, and in particular attentional deficits as manifested by augmented omissions in a continuous performance task.
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van der Kooij MA, Grosse J, Zanoletti O, Papilloud A, Sandi C. The effects of stress during early postnatal periods on behavior and hippocampal neuroplasticity markers in adult male mice. Neuroscience 2015; 311:508-18. [PMID: 26548415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Infancy is a critical period for brain development. Emerging evidence indicates that stress experienced during that period can have long-term programming effects on the brain and behavior. However, whether different time periods represent different vulnerabilities to the programming of different neurobehavioral domains is not yet known. Disrupted maternal care is known to interfere with neurodevelopmental processes and may lead to the manifestation of behavioral abnormalities in adulthood. Mouse dams confronted with insufficient bedding/nesting material have been shown to provide fragmented maternal care to their offspring. Here, we compared the impact of this model of early-life stress (ELS) during different developmental periods comprising either postnatal days (PNDs) 2-9 (ELS-early) or PND 10-17 (ELS-late) on behavior and hippocampal cell adhesion molecules in male mice in adulthood. ELS-early treatment caused a permanent reduction in bodyweight, whereas this reduction only occurred transiently during juvenility in ELS-late mice. Anxiety was only affected in ELS-late mice, while cognition and sociability were equally impaired in both ELS-treated groups. We analyzed hippocampal gene expression of the γ2 subunit of the GABAa receptor (Gabrg2) and of genes encoding cell adhesion molecules. Gabrg2 expression was increased in the ventral hippocampus in ELS-late-treated animals and was correlated with anxiety-like behavior in the open-field (OF) test. ELS-early-treated animals exhibited an increase in nectin-1 expression in the dorsal hippocampus, and this increase was associated with the social deficits seen in these animals. Our findings highlight the relevance of developmental age on stress-induced long-term behavioral alterations. They also suggest potential links between early stress-induced alterations in hippocampal Gabrg2 expression and the developmental programming of anxiety and between changes in hippocampal nectin-1 expression and stress-induced social impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A van der Kooij
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytèchnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Grosse
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytèchnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - O Zanoletti
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytèchnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - A Papilloud
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytèchnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - C Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytèchnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland.
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McEwen BS, Bowles NP, Gray JD, Hill MN, Hunter RG, Karatsoreos IN, Nasca C. Mechanisms of stress in the brain. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:1353-63. [PMID: 26404710 PMCID: PMC4933289 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 835] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The brain is the central organ involved in perceiving and adapting to social and physical stressors via multiple interacting mediators, from the cell surface to the cytoskeleton to epigenetic regulation and nongenomic mechanisms. A key result of stress is structural remodeling of neural architecture, which may be a sign of successful adaptation, whereas persistence of these changes when stress ends indicates failed resilience. Excitatory amino acids and glucocorticoids have key roles in these processes, along with a growing list of extra- and intracellular mediators that includes endocannabinoids and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The result is a continually changing pattern of gene expression mediated by epigenetic mechanisms involving histone modifications and CpG methylation and hydroxymethylation as well as by the activity of retrotransposons that may alter genomic stability. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of plasticity and vulnerability of the brain provides a basis for understanding the efficacy of interventions for anxiety and depressive disorders as well as age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicole P Bowles
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason D Gray
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew N Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard G Hunter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ilia N Karatsoreos
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Carla Nasca
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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Jantzie LL, Getsy PM, Denson JL, Firl DJ, Maxwell JR, Rogers DA, Wilson CG, Robinson S. Prenatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Induces Abnormalities in CA3 Microstructure, Potassium Chloride Co-Transporter 2 Expression and Inhibitory Tone. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:347. [PMID: 26388734 PMCID: PMC4558523 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants who suffer perinatal brain injury, including those with encephalopathy of prematurity, are prone to chronic neurological deficits, including epilepsy, cognitive impairment, and behavioral problems, such as anxiety, inattention, and poor social interaction. These deficits, especially in combination, pose the greatest hindrance to these children becoming independent adults. Cerebral function depends on adequate development of essential inhibitory neural circuits and the appropriate amount of excitation and inhibition at specific stages of maturation. Early neuronal synaptic responses to γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) are initially excitatory. During the early postnatal period, GABAAR responses switch to inhibitory with the upregulation of potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2. With extrusion of chloride by KCC2, the Cl− reversal potential shifts and GABA and glycine responses become inhibitory. We hypothesized that prenatal hypoxic–ischemic brain injury chronically impairs the developmental upregulation of KCC2 that is essential for cerebral circuit formation. Following late gestation hypoxia–ischemia (HI), diffusion tensor imaging in juvenile rats shows poor microstructural integrity in the hippocampal CA3 subfield, with reduced fractional anisotropy and elevated radial diffusivity. The loss of microstructure correlates with early reduced KCC2 expression on NeuN-positive pyramidal neurons, and decreased monomeric and oligomeric KCC2 protein expression in the CA3 subfield. Together with decreased inhibitory post-synaptic currents during a critical window of development, we document for the first time that prenatal transient systemic HI in rats impairs hippocampal CA3 inhibitory tone. Failure of timely development of inhibitory tone likely contributes to a lower seizure threshold and impaired cognitive function in children who suffer perinatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Jantzie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM , USA ; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM , USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA ; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Paulina M Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Jesse L Denson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM , USA ; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM , USA
| | - Daniel J Firl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA ; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Jessie R Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM , USA ; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM , USA
| | - Danny A Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM , USA ; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM , USA
| | - Christopher G Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA , USA
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA ; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA ; F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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Sandi C, Haller J. Stress and the social brain: behavioural effects and neurobiological mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16:290-304. [PMID: 25891510 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress often affects our social lives. When undergoing high-level or persistent stress, individuals frequently retract from social interactions and become irritable and hostile. Predisposition to antisocial behaviours - including social detachment and violence - is also modulated by early life adversity; however, the effects of early life stress depend on the timing of exposure and genetic factors. Research in animals and humans has revealed some of the structural, functional and molecular changes in the brain that underlie the effects of stress on social behaviour. Findings in this emerging field will have implications both for the clinic and for society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sandi
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1050, Switzerland
| | - József Haller
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1450, Hungary
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50
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Kohl C, Wang XD, Grosse J, Fournier C, Harbich D, Westerholz S, Li JT, Bacq A, Sippel C, Hausch F, Sandi C, Schmidt MV. Hippocampal neuroligin-2 links early-life stress with impaired social recognition and increased aggression in adult mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 55:128-43. [PMID: 25765754 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Early-life stress is a key risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. Neuronal cell adhesion molecules have been strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and in modulating social behaviors associated with these diseases. Neuroligin-2 is a synaptic cell adhesion molecule, located at the postsynaptic membrane of inhibitory GABAergic synapses, and is involved in synaptic stabilization and maturation. Alterations in neuroligin-2 expression have previously been associated with changes in social behavior linked to psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. In this study, we show that early-life stress, induced by limited nesting and bedding material, leads to impaired social recognition and increased aggression in adult mice, accompanied by increased expression levels of hippocampal neuroligin-2. Viral overexpression of hippocampal neuroligin-2 in adulthood mimics early-life stress-induced alterations in social behavior and social cognition. Moreover, viral knockdown of neuroligin-2 in the adult hippocampus attenuates the early-life stress-induced behavioral changes. Our results highlight the importance of neuroligin-2 in mediating early-life stress effects on social behavior and social cognition and its promising role as a novel therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kohl
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, 80804 Munich, Germany; Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jocelyn Grosse
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Fournier
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Harbich
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Sören Westerholz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Ji-Tao Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, No. 51 Hua Yuan Bei Road, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Alexandre Bacq
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Sippel
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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