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Skouras S, Kleinert ML, Lee EHM, Hui CLM, Suen YN, Camchong J, Chong CSY, Chang WC, Chan SKW, Lo WTL, Lim KO, Chen EYH. Aberrant connectivity in the hippocampus, bilateral insula and temporal poles precedes treatment resistance in first-episode psychosis: a prospective resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study with connectivity concordance mapping. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae094. [PMID: 38707706 PMCID: PMC11069118 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has been proposed to predict antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia. However, only a few prospective studies have examined baseline resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients with regard to subsequent treatment response. Data-driven approaches to conceptualize and measure functional connectivity patterns vary broadly, and model-free, voxel-wise, whole-brain analysis techniques are scarce. Here, we apply such a method, called connectivity concordance mapping to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired from an Asian sample (n = 60) with first-episode psychosis, prior to pharmaceutical treatment. Using a longitudinal design, 12 months after the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured and classified patients into two groups based on psychometric testing: treatment responsive and treatment resistant. Next, we compared the two groups' connectivity concordance maps that were derived from the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data at baseline. We have identified consistently higher functional connectivity in the treatment-resistant group in a network including the left hippocampus, bilateral insula and temporal poles. These data-driven novel findings can help researchers to consider new regions of interest and facilitate biomarker development in order to identify treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients early, in advance of treatment and at the time of their first psychotic episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Skouras
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, CH3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Edwin H M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christy L M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Nam Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jazmin Camchong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | | | - Wing Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sherry K W Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William T L Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Agid O, Crespo-Facorro B, de Bartolomeis A, Fagiolini A, Howes OD, Seppälä N, Correll CU. Overcoming the barriers to identifying and managing treatment-resistant schizophrenia and to improving access to clozapine: A narrative review and recommendation for clinical practice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 84:35-47. [PMID: 38657339 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Clozapine is the only approved antipsychotic for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Although a large body of evidence supports its efficacy and favorable risk-benefit ratio in individuals who have failed two or more antipsychotics, clozapine remains underused. However, variations in clozapine utilization across geographic and clinical settings suggest that it could be possible to improve its use. In this narrative review and expert opinion, we summarized information available in the literature on the mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and potential adverse events of clozapine. We identified barriers leading to discouragement in clozapine prescription internationally, and we proposed practical solutions to overcome each barrier. One of the main obstacles identified to the use of clozapine is the lack of appropriate training for physicians: we highlighted the need to develop specific professional programs to train clinicians, both practicing and in residency, on the relevance and efficacy of clozapine in TRS treatment, initiation, maintenance, and management of potential adverse events. This approach would facilitate physicians to identify eligible patients and offer clozapine as a treatment option in the early stage of the disease. We also noted that increasing awareness of the benefits of clozapine among healthcare professionals, people with TRS, and their caregivers can help promote the use of clozapine. Educational material, such as leaflets or videos, could be developed and distributed to achieve this goal. The information provided in this article may be useful to improve disease burden and support healthcare professionals, patients, and caregivers navigating the complex pathways to TRS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Agid
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío-IBiS-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science, and Odontostomatology. Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry. Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Naples, Italy; Staff Unesco Chair at University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | | | - Oliver D Howes
- IoPPN, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niko Seppälä
- Wellbeing Services in Satakunta, Department of Psychiatry, Pori, Finland and Medical Consultant, Viatris, Finland
| | - Christoph U Correll
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York, United States; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, New York, United States; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Rubio JM, Lencz T, Cao H, Kraguljac N, Dhamala E, Homan P, Horga G, Sarpal DK, Argyelan M, Gallego J, Cholewa J, Barber A, Kane JM, Malhotra AK. Replication of a neuroimaging biomarker for striatal dysfunction in psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-023-02381-9. [PMID: 38177349 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
To bring biomarkers closer to clinical application, they should be generalizable, reliable, and maintain performance within the constraints of routine clinical conditions. The functional striatal abnormalities (FSA), is among the most advanced neuroimaging biomarkers in schizophrenia, trained to discriminate diagnosis, with post-hoc analyses indicating prognostic properties. Here, we attempt to replicate its diagnostic capabilities measured by the area under the curve (AUC) in receiver operator characteristic curves discriminating individuals with psychosis (n = 101) from healthy controls (n = 51) in the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis. We also measured the test-retest (run 1 vs 2) and phase encoding direction (i.e., AP vs PA) reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Additionally, we measured effects of scan length on classification accuracy (i.e., AUCs) and reliability (i.e., ICCs). Finally, we tested the prognostic capability of the FSA by the correlation between baseline scores and symptom improvement over 12 weeks of antipsychotic treatment in a separate cohort (n = 97). Similar analyses were conducted for the Yeo networks intrinsic connectivity as a reference. The FSA had good/excellent diagnostic discrimination (AUC = 75.4%, 95% CI = 67.0-83.3%; in non-affective psychosis AUC = 80.5%, 95% CI = 72.1-88.0%, and in affective psychosis AUC = 58.7%, 95% CI = 44.2-72.0%). Test-retest reliability ranged between ICC = 0.48 (95% CI = 0.35-0.59) and ICC = 0.22 (95% CI = 0.06-0.36), which was comparable to that of networks intrinsic connectivity. Phase encoding direction reliability for the FSA was ICC = 0.51 (95% CI = 0.42-0.59), generally lower than for networks intrinsic connectivity. By increasing scan length from 2 to 10 min, diagnostic classification of the FSA increased from AUC = 71.7% (95% CI = 63.1-80.3%) to 75.4% (95% CI = 67.0-83.3%) and phase encoding direction reliability from ICC = 0.29 (95% CI = 0.14-0.43) to ICC = 0.51 (95% CI = 0.42-0.59). FSA scores did not correlate with symptom improvement. These results reassure that the FSA is a generalizable diagnostic - but not prognostic - biomarker. Given the replicable results of the FSA as a diagnostic biomarker trained on case-control datasets, next the development of prognostic biomarkers should be on treatment-response data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Rubio
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Todd Lencz
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hengyi Cao
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nina Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elvisha Dhamala
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philipp Homan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guillermo Horga
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Gallego
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Cholewa
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anita Barber
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Kane
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Cattarinussi G, Grimaldi DA, Sambataro F. Spontaneous Brain Activity Alterations in First-Episode Psychosis: A Meta-analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1494-1507. [PMID: 38029279 PMCID: PMC10686347 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Several studies have shown that spontaneous brain activity, including the total and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (LFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), is altered in psychosis. Nonetheless, neuroimaging results show a high heterogeneity. For this reason, we gathered the extant literature on spontaneous brain activity in first-episode psychosis (FEP), where the effects of long-term treatment and chronic disease are minimal. STUDY DESIGN A systematic research was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies exploring spontaneous brain activity and local connectivity in FEP estimated using functional magnetic resonance imaging. 20 LFF and 15 ReHo studies were included. Coordinate-Based Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analyses stratified by brain measures, age (adolescent vs adult), and drug-naïve status were performed to identify spatially-convergent alterations in spontaneous brain activity in FEP. STUDY RESULTS We found a significant increase in LFF in FEP compared to healthy controls (HC) in the right striatum and in ReHo in the left striatum. When pooling together all studies on LFF and ReHo, spontaneous brain activity was increased in the bilateral striatum and superior and middle frontal gyri and decreased in the right precentral gyrus and the right inferior frontal gyrus compared to HC. These results were also replicated in the adult and drug-naïve samples. CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in the frontostriatal circuit are present in early psychosis independently of treatment status. Our findings support the view that altered frontostriatal can represent a core neural alteration of the disorder and could be a target of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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5
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Abi-Dargham A, Moeller SJ, Ali F, DeLorenzo C, Domschke K, Horga G, Jutla A, Kotov R, Paulus MP, Rubio JM, Sanacora G, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Krystal JH. Candidate biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: state of the field. World Psychiatry 2023; 22:236-262. [PMID: 37159365 PMCID: PMC10168176 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of psychiatry is hampered by a lack of robust, reliable and valid biomarkers that can aid in objectively diagnosing patients and providing individualized treatment recommendations. Here we review and critically evaluate the evidence for the most promising biomarkers in the psychiatric neuroscience literature for autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression and bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders. Candidate biomarkers reviewed include various neuroimaging, genetic, molecular and peripheral assays, for the purposes of determining susceptibility or presence of illness, and predicting treatment response or safety. This review highlights a critical gap in the biomarker validation process. An enormous societal investment over the past 50 years has identified numerous candidate biomarkers. However, to date, the overwhelming majority of these measures have not been proven sufficiently reliable, valid and useful to be adopted clinically. It is time to consider whether strategic investments might break this impasse, focusing on a limited number of promising candidates to advance through a process of definitive testing for a specific indication. Some promising candidates for definitive testing include the N170 signal, an event-related brain potential measured using electroencephalography, for subgroup identification within autism spectrum disorder; striatal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures, such as the striatal connectivity index (SCI) and the functional striatal abnormalities (FSA) index, for prediction of treatment response in schizophrenia; error-related negativity (ERN), an electrophysiological index, for prediction of first onset of generalized anxiety disorder, and resting-state and structural brain connectomic measures for prediction of treatment response in social anxiety disorder. Alternate forms of classification may be useful for conceptualizing and testing potential biomarkers. Collaborative efforts allowing the inclusion of biosystems beyond genetics and neuroimaging are needed, and online remote acquisition of selected measures in a naturalistic setting using mobile health tools may significantly advance the field. Setting specific benchmarks for well-defined target application, along with development of appropriate funding and partnership mechanisms, would also be crucial. Finally, it should never be forgotten that, for a biomarker to be actionable, it will need to be clinically predictive at the individual level and viable in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Scott J Moeller
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Farzana Ali
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Basics in Neuromodulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Guillermo Horga
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amandeep Jutla
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Jose M Rubio
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research - Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Zucker Hillside Hospital - Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Oldehinkel M, Tiego J, Sabaroedin K, Chopra S, Francey SM, O'Donoghue B, Cropley V, Nelson B, Graham J, Baldwin L, Yuen HP, Allott K, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Harrigan S, Pantelis C, Wood SJ, McGorry P, Bellgrove MA, Fornito A. Gradients of striatal function in antipsychotic-free first-episode psychosis and schizotypy. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:128. [PMID: 37072388 PMCID: PMC10113219 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Both psychotic illness and subclinical psychosis-like experiences (PLEs) have been associated with cortico-striatal dysfunction. This work has largely relied on a discrete parcellation of the striatum into distinct functional areas, but recent evidence suggests that the striatum comprises multiple overlapping and smoothly varying gradients (i.e., modes) of functional organization. Here, we investigated two of these functional connectivity modes, previously associated with variations in the topographic patterning of cortico-striatal connectivity (first-order gradient), and dopaminergic innervation of the striatum (second-order gradient), and assessed continuities in striatal function from subclinical to clinical domains. We applied connectopic mapping to resting-state fMRI data to obtain the first-order and second-order striatal connectivity modes in two distinct samples: (1) 56 antipsychotic-free patients (26 females) with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 27 healthy controls (17 females); and (2) a community-based cohort of 377 healthy individuals (213 females) comprehensively assessed for subclinical PLEs and schizotypy. The first-order "cortico-striatal" and second-order "dopaminergic" connectivity gradients were significantly different in FEP patients compared to controls bilaterally. In the independent sample of healthy individuals, variations in the left first-order "cortico-striatal" connectivity gradient were associated with inter-individual differences in a factor capturing general schizotypy and PLE severity. The presumed cortico-striatal connectivity gradient was implicated in both subclinical and clinical cohorts, suggesting that variations in its organization may represent a neurobiological trait marker across the psychosis continuum. Disruption of the presumed dopaminergic gradient was only noticeable in patients, suggesting that neurotransmitter dysfunction may be more apparent to clinical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Oldehinkel
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kristina Sabaroedin
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Sidhant Chopra
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Shona M Francey
- Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Vanessa Cropley
- Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Lara Baldwin
- Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susy Harrigan
- Department of Social Work, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Zouraraki C, Karamaouna P, Giakoumaki SG. Cognitive Processes and Resting-State Functional Neuroimaging Findings in High Schizotypal Individuals and Schizotypal Personality Disorder Patients: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040615. [PMID: 37190580 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ample research findings indicate that there is altered brain functioning in the schizophrenia spectrum. Nevertheless, functional neuroimaging findings remain ambiguous for healthy individuals expressing high schizotypal traits and patients with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). The purpose of this systematic review was to identify patterns of task-related and resting-state neural abnormalities across these conditions. MEDLINE-PubMed and PsycINFO were systematically searched and forty-eight studies were selected. Forty studies assessed healthy individuals with high schizotypal traits and eight studies examined SPD patients with functional neuroimaging techniques (fNIRS; fMRI; Resting-state fMRI). Functional alterations in striatal, frontal and temporal regions were found in healthy individuals with high schizotypal traits. Schizotypal personality disorder was associated with default mode network abnormalities but further research is required in order to better conceive its neural correlates. There was also evidence for functional compensatory mechanisms associated with both conditions. To conclude, the findings suggest that brain dysfunctions are evident in individuals who lie along the subclinical part of the spectrum, further supporting the continuum model for schizophrenia susceptibility. Additional research is required in order to delineate the counterbalancing processes implicated in the schizophrenia spectrum, as this approach will provide promising insights for both conversion and protection from conversion into schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Zouraraki
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, 74100 Rethymno, Greece
- University of Crete Research Center for the Humanities, The Social and Education Sciences (UCRC), University of Crete, Gallos University Campus, 74100 Rethymno, Greece
| | - Penny Karamaouna
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, 74100 Rethymno, Greece
- University of Crete Research Center for the Humanities, The Social and Education Sciences (UCRC), University of Crete, Gallos University Campus, 74100 Rethymno, Greece
| | - Stella G. Giakoumaki
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, 74100 Rethymno, Greece
- University of Crete Research Center for the Humanities, The Social and Education Sciences (UCRC), University of Crete, Gallos University Campus, 74100 Rethymno, Greece
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8
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Cao H, Wei X, Zhang W, Xiao Y, Zeng J, Sweeney JA, Gong Q, Lui S. Cerebellar Functional Dysconnectivity in Drug-Naïve Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:417-427. [PMID: 36200880 PMCID: PMC10016395 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebellar functional dysconnectivity has long been implicated in schizophrenia. However, the detailed dysconnectivity pattern and its underlying biological mechanisms have not been well-charted. This study aimed to conduct an in-depth characterization of cerebellar dysconnectivity maps in early schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN Resting-state fMRI data were processed from 196 drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 167 demographically matched healthy controls. The cerebellum was parcellated into nine functional systems based on a state-of-the-art atlas, and seed-based connectivity for each cerebellar system was examined. The observed connectivity alterations were further associated with schizophrenia risk gene expressions using data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. STUDY RESULTS Overall, we observed significantly increased cerebellar connectivity with the sensorimotor cortex, default-mode regions, ventral part of visual cortex, insula, and striatum. In contrast, decreased connectivity was shown chiefly within the cerebellum, and between the cerebellum and the lateral prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, and dorsal visual areas. Such dysconnectivity pattern was statistically similar across seeds, with no significant group by seed interactions identified. Moreover, connectivity strengths of hypoconnected but not hyperconnected regions were significantly correlated with schizophrenia risk gene expressions, suggesting potential genetic underpinnings for the observed hypoconnectivity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a common bidirectional dysconnectivity pattern across different cerebellar subsystems, and imply that such bidirectional alterations may relate to different biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Cao
- Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Xia Wei
- Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Zeng
- Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Cooper SM, Fusar-Poli P, Uhlhaas PJ. Characteristics and clinical correlates of risk symptoms in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2023; 254:54-61. [PMID: 36801514 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the duration of risk symptoms (DUR) may have an impact on clinical outcomes in clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHRP) participants. To explore this hypothesis, we performed a meta-analysis on studies that examined DUR in CHR-P individuals in relation to their clinical outcomes. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and the protocol was registered with PROSPERO on 16th April 2021 (ID no. CRD42021249443). Literature searches were conducted using PsycINFO and Web of Science in March and November 2021, for studies reporting on DUR in CHR-P populations, in relation to transition to psychosis or symptomatic, functional, or cognitive outcomes. The primary outcome was transition to psychosis, while the secondary outcomes were remission from CHR-P status and functioning at baseline. Thirteen independent studies relating to 2506 CHR-P individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The mean age was 19.88 years (SD = 1.61) and 1194 individuals (47.65 %) were females. The mean length of DUR was 23.61 months (SD = 13.18). There was no meta-analytic effect of DUR on transition to psychosis at 12-month follow-up (OR = 1.000, 95%CI = 0.999-1.000, k = 8, p = .98), while DUR was related to remission (Hedge's g = 0.236, 95%CI = 0.014-0.458, k = 4, p = .037). DUR was not related to baseline GAF scores (beta = -0.004, 95%CI = -0.025-0.017, k = 3, p = .71). The current findings suggest that DUR is not associated with transition to psychosis at 12 months, but may impact remission. However, the database was small and further research in this area is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia M Cooper
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Short-term Medication Effects on Brain Functional Activity and Network Architecture in First-Episode psychosis: a longitudinal fMRI study. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:137-148. [PMID: 36646973 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of antipsychotic medications is critical for the long-term outcome of symptoms and functions during first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, how brain functions respond to the antipsychotic treatment in the early stage of psychosis and its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the cross-sectional and longitudinal changes of regional homogeneity (ReHo), whole-brain functional connectivity, and network topological properties via resting-state functional magnetic resonance images. Thirty-two drug-naïve FEP patients and 30 matched healthy volunteers (HV) were included, where 23 patients were re-visited with effective responses after two months of antipsychotic treatment. Compared to HV, drug-naive patients demonstrated significantly different patterns of functional connectivity involving the right thalamus. These functional alterations mainly involved decreased ReHo, increased nodal efficiency in the right thalamus, and increased thalamic-sensorimotor-frontoparietal connectivity. In the follow-up analysis, patients after treatment showed reduced ReHo and nodal clustering in visual networks, as well as disturbances of visual-somatomotor and hippocampus-superior frontal gyrus connectivity. The longitudinal changes of ReHo in the visual cortex were associated with an improvement in general psychotic symptoms. This study provides new evidence regarding alterations in brain function linked to schizophrenia onset and affected by antipsychotic medications. Moreover, our results demonstrated that the functional alterations at baseline were not fully modulated by antipsychotic medications, suggesting that antipsychotic medications may reduce psychotic symptoms but limit the effects in regions involved in disease pathophysiology.
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11
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Zoghbi AW, Lieberman JA, Girgis RR. The neurobiology of duration of untreated psychosis: a comprehensive review. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:168-190. [PMID: 35931757 PMCID: PMC10979514 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is defined as the time from the onset of psychotic symptoms until the first treatment. Studies have shown that longer DUP is associated with poorer response rates to antipsychotic medications and impaired cognition, yet the neurobiologic correlates of DUP are poorly understood. Moreover, it has been hypothesized that untreated psychosis may be neurotoxic. Here, we conducted a comprehensive review of studies that have examined the neurobiology of DUP. Specifically, we included studies that evaluated DUP using a range of neurobiologic and imaging techniques and identified 83 articles that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, 27 out of the total 83 studies (32.5%) reported a significant neurobiological correlate with DUP. These results provide evidence against the notion of psychosis as structurally or functionally neurotoxic on a global scale and suggest that specific regions of the brain, such as temporal regions, may be more vulnerable to the effects of DUP. It is also possible that current methodologies lack the resolution needed to more accurately examine the effects of DUP on the brain, such as effects on synaptic density. Newer methodologies, such as MR scanners with stronger magnets, PET imaging with newer ligands capable of measuring subcellular structures (e.g., the PET ligand [11C]UCB-J) may be better able to capture these limited neuropathologic processes. Lastly, to ensure robust and replicable results, future studies of DUP should be adequately powered and specifically designed to test for the effects of DUP on localized brain structure and function with careful attention paid to potential confounds and methodological issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Zoghbi
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Office of Mental Health, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ragy R Girgis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Office of Mental Health, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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12
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Gallucci J, Pomarol-Clotet E, Voineskos AN, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Alonso-Lana S, Vieta E, Salvador R, Hawco C. Longer illness duration is associated with greater individual variability in functional brain activity in Schizophrenia, but not bipolar disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103269. [PMID: 36451371 PMCID: PMC9723315 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit greater inter-patient variability in functional brain activity during neurocognitive task performance. Some studies have shown associations of age and illness duration with brain function; however, the association of these variables with variability in brain function activity is not known. In order to better understand the progressive effects of age and illness duration across disorders, we examined the relationship with individual variability in brain activity. METHODS Neuroimaging and behavioural data were extracted from harmonized datasets collectively including 212 control participants, 107 individuals with bipolar disorder, and 232 individuals with schizophrenia (total n = 551). Functional activity in response to an N-back working memory task (2-back vs 1-back) was examined. Individual variability was quantified via the correlational distance of fMRI activity between participants; mean correlational distance of one participant in relation to all others was defined as a 'variability score'. RESULTS Greater individual variability was found in the schizophrenia group compared to the bipolar disorder and control groups (p = 1.52e-09). Individual variability was significantly associated with aging (p = 0.027), however, this relationship was not different across diagnostic groups. In contrast, in the schizophrenia sample only, a longer illness duration was associated with increased variability (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION An increase in variability was observed in the schizophrenia group related to illness duration, beyond the effects of normal aging, implying illness-related deterioration of cognitive networks. This has clinical implications for considering long-term trajectories in schizophrenia and progressive neural and cognitive decline which may be amiable to novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gallucci
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aristotle N. Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amalia Guerrero-Pedraza
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Research Centre and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades – Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Corresponding authors at: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Spain.
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13
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Nelson EA, Kraguljac NV, Maximo JO, Armstrong W, Lahti AC. Dorsal striatial hypoconnectivity predicts antipsychotic medication treatment response in first-episode psychosis and unmedicated patients with schizophrenia. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2625. [PMID: 36237115 PMCID: PMC9660417 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dorsal striatum, comprised of the caudate and putamen, is implicated in the pathophysiology of psychosis spectrum disorders. Given the high concentration of dopamine receptors in the striatum, striatal dopamine imbalance is a likely cause in cortico-striatal dysconnectivity. There is great interest in understanding the relationship between striatal abnormalities in psychosis and antipsychotic treatment response, but few studies have considered differential involvement of the caudate and putamen. This study's goals were twofold. First, identify patterns of dorsal striatal dysconnectivity for the caudate and putamen separately in patients with a psychosis spectrum disorder; second, determine if these dysconnectivity patterns were predictive of treatment response. METHODS Using resting state functional connectivity, we evaluated dorsal striatal connectivity using separate bilateral caudate and putamen seed regions in two cohorts of subjects: a cohort of 71 medication-naïve first episode psychosis patients and a cohort of 42 unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (along with matched controls). Patient and control connectivity maps were contrasted for each cohort. After receiving 6 weeks of risperidone treatment, patients' clinical response was calculated. We used regression analyses to determine the relationship between baseline dysconnectivity and treatment response. RESULTS This dysconnectivity was also predictive of treatment response in both cohorts. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that the caudate may be more of a driving factor than the putamen in early cortico-striatal dysconnectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nina V Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jose O Maximo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - William Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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14
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Zahid U, McCutcheon RA, Borgan F, Jauhar S, Pepper F, Nour MM, Rogdaki M, Osugo M, Murray GK, Hathway P, Murray RM, Egerton A, Howes OD. The effect of antipsychotics on glutamate levels in the anterior cingulate cortex and clinical response: A 1H-MRS study in first-episode psychosis patients. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:967941. [PMID: 36032237 PMCID: PMC9403834 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.967941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glutamatergic dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It is unclear whether glutamatergic dysfunction predicts response to treatment or if antipsychotic treatment influences glutamate levels. We investigated the effect of antipsychotic treatment on glutamatergic levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and whether there is a relationship between baseline glutamatergic levels and clinical response after antipsychotic treatment in people with first episode psychosis (FEP). Materials and methods The sample comprised 25 FEP patients; 22 completed magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans at both timepoints. Symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results There was no significant change in glutamate [baseline 13.23 ± 2.33; follow-up 13.89 ± 1.74; t(21) = -1.158, p = 0.260], or Glx levels [baseline 19.64 ± 3.26; follow-up 19.66 ± 2.65; t(21) = -0.034, p = 0.973]. There was no significant association between glutamate or Glx levels at baseline and the change in PANSS positive (Glu r = 0.061, p = 0.777, Glx r = -0.152, p = 0.477), negative (Glu r = 0.144, p = 0.502, Glx r = 0.052, p = 0.811), general (Glu r = 0.110, p = 0.607, Glx r = -0.212, p = 0.320), or total scores (Glu r = 0.078, p = 0.719 Glx r = -0.155, p = 0.470). Conclusion These findings indicate that treatment response is unlikely to be associated with baseline glutamatergic metabolites prior to antipsychotic treatment, and there is no major effect of antipsychotic treatment on glutamatergic metabolites in the ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Zahid
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faith Borgan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sameer Jauhar
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Pepper
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew M. Nour
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Rogdaki
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Osugo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham K. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Hathway
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Egerton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- H. Lundbeck UK, Valby, Denmark
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15
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Blazer A, Chengappa KNR, Foran W, Parr AC, Kahn CE, Luna B, Sarpal DK. Changes in corticostriatal connectivity and striatal tissue iron associated with efficacy of clozapine for treatment‑resistant schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2503-2514. [PMID: 35435461 PMCID: PMC9013738 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Though numerous studies demonstrate the superiority of clozapine (CLZ) for treatment of persistent psychotic symptoms that are characteristic of treatment-refractory schizophrenia (TRS), what remains unknown are the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying CLZ's efficacy. Recent work implicates increased corticostriatal functional connectivity as a marker of response to non-CLZ, dopamine (DA) D2-receptor blocking antipsychotic drugs. However, it is undetermined whether this connectivity finding also relates to CLZ's unique efficacy, or if response to CLZ is associated with changes in striatal DA functioning. OBJECTIVE In a cohort of 22 individuals with TRS, we examined response to CLZ in relation to the following: (1) change in corticostriatal functional connectivity; and (2) change in a magnetic resonance-based measure of striatal tissue iron (R2'), which demonstrates utility as a proxy measure for elements of DA functioning. METHODS Participants underwent scanning while starting CLZ and after 12 weeks of CLZ treatment. We used both cortical and striatal regions of interest to examine changes in corticostriatal interactions and striatal R2' in relation to CLZ response (% reduction of psychotic symptoms). RESULTS We first found that response to CLZ was associated with an increase in corticostriatal connectivity between the dorsal caudate and regions of the frontoparietal network (P < 0.05, corrected). Secondly, we observed no significant changes in striatal R2' across CLZ treatment. CONCLUSION Overall, these results indicate that changes in corticostriatal networks without gross shifts in striatal DA functioning underlies CLZ response. Our results provide novel mechanistic insight into response to CLZ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Blazer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - K N Roy Chengappa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ashley C Parr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Charles E Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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16
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Striatal functional connectivity in psychosis relapse: A hypothesis generating study. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:342-348. [PMID: 34183210 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most individuals with psychotic disorders relapse over their course of illness, yet the neural processes that may lead to symptom worsening are poorly understood. Importantly, such processes could be potentially affected by antipsychotic adherence status upon relapse (i.e., relapse despite ongoing antipsychotic maintenance vs following antipsychotic discontinuation), reflecting distinct mechanisms. As a first foray into this question, we aim to compare the striatal connectivity index (SCI), a biomarker derived from striatal resting state functional connectivity predictive of treatment response, by adherence status upon relapse. In order to confirm adherence status upon relapse, we compared individuals treated with long-acting injectable antipsychotics upon relapse (i.e., breakthrough psychosis) (n = 23), with individuals who had decided to interrupt antipsychotic treatment and then relapsed (n = 27), as well as healthy controls (n = 26). We acquired for each individual >10 min of resting state fMRI, to generate functional connectivity maps. Region of interest (ROI) analyses were conducted to calculate SCI values for each participant. These values were entered as dependent variable in a linear regression adjusted for sex and age for which adherence status was the independent variable. Individuals in the breakthrough psychosis group had significantly lower SCI values than healthy controls (Cohen's d = 0.99, p < 0.001), and non-adherent individuals upon relapse (Cohen's d = 0.58, p = 0.032), whereas non-adherent individuals had also trend level lower SCI values than healthy controls (Cohen's d = 0.44, p = 0.09). These results suggest the hypothesis that striatal functional connectivity may be aberrant in psychosis relapse, and that this dysfunction may be greater among individuals who developed relapse despite ongoing antipsychotic treatment.
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17
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Wang M, Hu K, Fan L, Yan H, Li P, Jiang T, Liu B. Predicting Treatment Response in Schizophrenia With Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Polygenic Risk Score. Front Genet 2022; 13:848205. [PMID: 35186051 PMCID: PMC8847599 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.848205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prior studies have separately demonstrated that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PRS) are predictive of antipsychotic medication treatment outcomes in schizophrenia. However, it remains unclear whether MRI combined with PRS can provide superior prognostic performance. Besides, the relative importance of these measures in predictions is not investigated. Methods: We collected 57 patients with schizophrenia, all of which had baseline MRI and genotype data. All these patients received approximately 6 weeks of antipsychotic medication treatment. Psychotic symptom severity was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline and follow-up. We divided these patients into responders (N = 20) or non-responders (N = 37) based on whether their percentages of PANSS total reduction were above or below 50%. Nine categories of MRI measures and PRSs with 145 different p-value thresholding ranges were calculated. We trained machine learning classifiers with these baseline predictors to identify whether a patient was a responder or non-responder. Results: The extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) technique was applied to build binary classifiers. Using a leave-one-out cross-validation scheme, we achieved an accuracy of 86% with all MRI and PRS features. Other metrics were also estimated, including sensitivity (85%), specificity (86%), F1-score (81%), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.86). We found excluding a single feature category of gray matter volume (GMV), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), and surface curvature could lead to a maximum accuracy drop of 10.5%. These three categories contributed more than half of the top 10 important features. Besides, removing PRS features caused a modest accuracy drop (8.8%), which was not the least decrease (1.8%) among all feature categories. Conclusions: Our classifier using both MRI and PRS features was stable and not biased to predicting either responder or non-responder. Combining with MRI measures, PRS could provide certain extra predictive power of antipsychotic medication treatment outcomes in schizophrenia. PRS exhibited medium importance in predictions, lower than GMV, ALFF, and surface curvature, but higher than measures of cortical thickness, cortical volume, and surface sulcal depth. Our findings inform the contributions of PRS in predictions of treatment outcomes in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingzhong Fan
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Innovation Academy for Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
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18
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Sabaroedin K, Razi A, Chopra S, Tran N, Pozaruk A, Chen Z, Finlay A, Nelson B, Allott K, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Graham J, Yuen HP, Harrigan S, Cropley V, Sharma S, Saluja B, Williams R, Pantelis C, Wood SJ, O’Donoghue B, Francey S, McGorry P, Aquino K, Fornito A. Frontostriatothalamic effective connectivity and dopaminergic function in the psychosis continuum. Brain 2022; 146:372-386. [PMID: 35094052 PMCID: PMC9825436 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of fronto-striato-thalamic (FST) circuits is thought to contribute to dopaminergic dysfunction and symptom onset in psychosis, but it remains unclear whether this dysfunction is driven by aberrant bottom-up subcortical signalling or impaired top-down cortical regulation. We used spectral dynamic causal modelling of resting-state functional MRI to characterize the effective connectivity of dorsal and ventral FST circuits in a sample of 46 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients and 23 controls and an independent sample of 36 patients with established schizophrenia and 100 controls. We also investigated the association between FST effective connectivity and striatal 18F-DOPA uptake in an independent healthy cohort of 33 individuals who underwent concurrent functional MRI and PET. Using a posterior probability threshold of 0.95, we found that midbrain and thalamic connectivity were implicated as dysfunctional across both patient groups. Dysconnectivity in first-episode psychosis patients was mainly restricted to the subcortex, with positive symptom severity being associated with midbrain connectivity. Dysconnectivity between the cortex and subcortical systems was only apparent in established schizophrenia patients. In the healthy 18F-DOPA cohort, we found that striatal dopamine synthesis capacity was associated with the effective connectivity of nigrostriatal and striatothalamic pathways, implicating similar circuits to those associated with psychotic symptom severity in patients. Overall, our findings indicate that subcortical dysconnectivity is evident in the early stages of psychosis, that cortical dysfunction may emerge later in the illness, and that nigrostriatal and striatothalamic signalling are closely related to striatal dopamine synthesis capacity, which is a robust marker for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sabaroedin
- Correspondence to: Kristina Sabaroedin Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health 770 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia E-mail:
| | - Adeel Razi
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Sidhant Chopra
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nancy Tran
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrii Pozaruk
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zhaolin Chen
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Amy Finlay
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica Graham
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Hok P Yuen
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Susy Harrigan
- Department of Social Work, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville. Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sujit Sharma
- Monash Health, Dandenong, Victoria 3175, Australia
| | | | - Rob Williams
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia,The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Brian O’Donoghue
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Shona Francey
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kevin Aquino
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Ricci V, Martinotti G, Ceci F, Chiappini S, Di Carlo F, Burkauskas J, Susini O, Luciani D, Quattrone D, De Berardis D, Pettorruso M, Maina G, Di Giannantonio M. Duration of Untreated Disorder and Cannabis Use: An Observational Study on a Cohort of Young Italian Patients Experiencing Psychotic Experiences and Dissociative Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312632. [PMID: 34886357 PMCID: PMC8657003 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) is the time between the first-episode psychosis (FEP) and the initiation of antipsychotic treatment. It is an important predictor of several disease-related outcomes in psychotic disorders. The aim of this manuscript is investigating the influence of cannabis on the DUP and its clinical correlates. METHODS During years 2014-2019, sixty-two FEP patients with and without cannabis use disorder (CUD) were recruited from several Italian psychiatric hospitals. The subjects were then divided into two groups based on the duration of the DUP and assessed at the beginning of the antipsychotic treatment and after 3 and 6 months, using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II). RESULTS As expected, a longer DUP was associated with worse symptoms and cannabis use did not seem to affect the DUP, but both were related with more dissociative symptoms at onset and over time. DISCUSSION According to our study, cannabis use can be a predictor of FEP and DUP, and of disease outcome. However, several factors might influence the relationship between cannabis use and DUP. Preventing cannabis use and early diagnosis of psychotic disorders might impact the disease by reducing the persistence of symptoms and limiting dissociative experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (V.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Franca Ceci
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Stefania Chiappini
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Di Carlo
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 00135 Palanga, Lithuania;
| | - Ottavia Susini
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Debora Luciani
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK;
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service for Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital “G. Mazzini”, ASL 4, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Maina
- Department of Neuroscience, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (V.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
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20
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Cao H, Wei X, Hu N, Zhang W, Xiao Y, Zeng J, Sweeney JA, Lencer R, Lui S, Gong Q. Cerebello-Thalamo-Cortical Hyperconnectivity Classifies Patients and Predicts Long-Term Treatment Outcome in First-Episode Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2021; 48:505-513. [PMID: 34525195 PMCID: PMC8886592 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has previously been shown that cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) hyperconnectivity is likely a state-independent neural signature for psychosis. However, the potential clinical utility of this change has not yet been evaluated. Here, using fMRI and clinical data acquired from 214 untreated first-episode patients with schizophrenia (62 of whom were clinically followed-up at least once at the 12th and 24th months after treatment initiation) and 179 healthy controls, we investigated whether CTC hyperconnectivity would serve as an individualized biomarker for diagnostic classification and prediction of long-term treatment outcome. Cross-validated LASSO regression was conducted to estimate the accuracy of baseline CTC connectivity for patient-control classification, with the generalizability of classification performance tested in an independent sample including 42 untreated first-episode patients and 65 controls. Associations between baseline CTC connectivity and clinical outcomes were evaluated using linear mixed model and leave-one-out cross validation. We found significantly increased baseline CTC connectivity in patients (P = .01), which remained stable after treatment. Measures of CTC connectivity discriminated patients from controls with moderate classification accuracy (AUC = 0.68, P < .001), and the classification model had good generalizability in the independent sample (AUC = 0.70, P < .001). Higher CTC connectivity at baseline significantly predicted poorer long-term symptom reduction in negative symptoms (R = 0.31, P = .01) but not positive or general symptoms. These findings provide initial evidence for the putative "CTC hyperconnectivity" anomaly as an individualized diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for schizophrenia, and highlight the potential of this measure in precision psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Cao
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Xia Wei
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Hu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Zeng
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xuexiang, 610041 Chengdu, China; tel/fax: +86-28-85423960, e-mail:
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Kraguljac NV, Anthony T, Morgan CJ, Jindal RD, Burger MS, Lahti AC. White matter integrity, duration of untreated psychosis, and antipsychotic treatment response in medication-naïve first-episode psychosis patients. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5347-5356. [PMID: 32398721 PMCID: PMC7658031 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with psychosis spectrum disorders. Because this association is often cited when justifying early intervention efforts, it is imperative to better understand underlying biological mechanisms. We enrolled 66 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and 45 matched healthy controls in this trial. At baseline, we used a human connectome style diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence to quantify white matter integrity in both groups. Patients then received 16 weeks of treatment with risperidone, 51 FEP completed the trial. We compared whole-brain fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity between groups. To test if structural white matter integrity mediates the relationship between longer DUP and poorer treatment response, we fit a mediator model and estimated indirect effects. We found decreased whole-brain FA and AD in medication-naive FEP compared with controls. In patients, lower FA was correlated with longer DUP (r = -0.32; p = 0.03) and poorer subsequent response to antipsychotic treatment (r = 0.40; p = 0.01). Importantly, we found a significant mediation effect for FA (indirect effect: -2.70; p = 0.03), indicating that DUP exerts its effects on treatment response through affecting white matter integrity. Our data provide empirical support to the idea the DUP may have fundamental pathogenic effects on the natural history of psychosis, suggest a biological mechanism underlying this phenomenon, and underscore the importance of early intervention efforts in this disabling neuropsychiatric syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vanessa Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Thomas Anthony
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering/ IT Research Computing, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Ripu Daman Jindal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham,Department of Neurology, Birmingham VA Medical Center
| | - Mark Steven Burger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Adrienne Carol Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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22
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Association between duration of untreated psychosis and executive function in early-onset psychosis. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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23
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Izquierdo A, Cabello M, de la Torre-Luque A, Ayesa-Arriola R, Setien-Suero E, Mayoral-van-Son J, Vazquez-Bourgon J, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Crespo-Facorro B. A network analysis approach to functioning problems in first psychotic episodes and their relationship with duration of untreated illness: Findings from the PAFIP cohort. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:483-491. [PMID: 33129506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The domains of functioning affected by first episode of psychosis (FEP) could be analysed as forming a network of interacting or even reinforcing elements. The reasons why longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) might be related to higher disability are not still clear. The aim of the present study is to evaluate how different areas of functioning are inter-related according to the length of DUP in patients with FEP, with a particular focus on studying the relative influence of each other according to lengthy delays in initial treatment. METHOD 441 participants in an epidemiological and intervention program of first episode psychosis (PAFIP) were included in our study. Functioning problems at baseline were assessed with the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS). Three networks of functioning domains have been estimated according to the length of DUP. RESULTS All the DAS items took part in the different networks. We have not found differences across the edge weights in the short, medium and long DUP groups. The domains "social withdrawal", "participation in the household activities", "general interest and information", and "low level of activity" seem to act as bridge items with other areas of functioning in people with longer DUP. CONCLUSIONS Our results could have clinical implications for patients with longer DUP, in which case, social withdrawal, household activities, level of activity and general interest in the world around them, could be high-priority target areas of treatment, since they seem to be mediating the relation between others areas of functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Izquierdo
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital La Princesa. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS Princesa, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Cabello
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital La Princesa. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS Princesa, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital La Princesa. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS Princesa, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain; University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Esther Setien-Suero
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain; University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Mayoral-van-Son
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Spain
| | - Javier Vazquez-Bourgon
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain; University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital La Princesa. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS Princesa, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain; University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Department of Psychiatry. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Sevilla, IBiS, Sevilla, Spain; University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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24
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Pretreatment abnormalities in white matter integrity predict one-year clinical outcome in first episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2021; 228:241-248. [PMID: 33486391 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness for which the mainstay of treatment is antipsychotics. Up to 30% of schizophrenia patients show limited response to antipsychotics. Identifying these patients before treatment could guide individualized treatment for improving outcomes in those not likely to show robust benefit from antipsychotics. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed with 56 drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients and 69 matched healthy controls. Patients were followed clinically after one-year of antipsychotic treatment and classified at that point into groups of 17 poor outcome and 39 good outcome patients based on whether they showed at least a 50% reduction of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores from baseline. Tract-based spatial statistics were applied to assess white matter microstructure in the two patient subgroups and healthy controls. Poor outcome patients showed reduced pretreatment fractional anisotropy (FA) in left cingulum and anterior thalamic radiation and increased FA in right superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus compared with good outcome patients. FA in each of these four tracts was decreased in both patient subgroups relative to healthy controls. Considered together, the four altered tracts showed promising ability to differentiate poor from good outcome patients (sensitivity = 74.4%, specificity = 95.2%, AUC = 0.90, p < 0.001), and superior prediction of clinical outcome to baseline PANSS scores (p < 0.015). Prediction of outcomes using DTI features was not related to duration of untreated psychosis. Baseline alterations in white matter integrity may identify schizophrenia patients less likely to respond to treatment, which could be useful information for stratification in clinical trials and for individualized treatment planning.
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25
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Yang C, Tang J, Liu N, Yao L, Xu M, Sun H, Tao B, Gong Q, Cao H, Zhang W, Lui S. The Effects of Antipsychotic Treatment on the Brain of Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Selective Review of Longitudinal MRI Studies. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:593703. [PMID: 34248691 PMCID: PMC8264251 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.593703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of neuroimaging studies have detected brain abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia both before and after treatment, but it remains unclear how these abnormalities reflect the effects of antipsychotic treatment on the brain. To summarize the findings in this regard and provide potential directions for future work, we reviewed longitudinal structural and functional imaging studies in patients with first-episode schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic treatment. A total of 36 neuroimaging studies was included, involving 21 structural imaging studies and 15 functional imaging studies. Both anatomical and functional brain changes in patients after treatment were consistently observed in the frontal and temporal lobes, basal ganglia, limbic system and several key components within the default mode network (DMN). Alterations in these regions were affected by factors such as antipsychotic type, course of treatment, and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). Over all we showed that: (a) The striatum and DMN were core target regions of treatment in schizophrenia, and their changes were related to different antipsychotics; (b) The gray matter of frontal and temporal lobes tended to reduce after long-term treatment; and (c) Longer DUP was accompanied with faster hippocampal atrophy after initial treatment, which was also associated with poorer outcome. These findings are in accordance with previous notions but should be interpreted with caution. Future studies are needed to clarify the effects of different antipsychotics in multiple conditions and to identify imaging or other biomarkers that may predict antipsychotic treatment response. With such progress, it may help choose effective pharmacological interventional strategies for individuals experiencing recent-onset schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmin Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Naici Liu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yao
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengyi Cao
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Avram M, Rogg H, Korda A, Andreou C, Müller F, Borgwardt S. Bridging the Gap? Altered Thalamocortical Connectivity in Psychotic and Psychedelic States. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:706017. [PMID: 34721097 PMCID: PMC8548726 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.706017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatry has a well-established tradition of comparing drug-induced experiences to psychotic symptoms, based on shared phenomena such as altered perceptions. The present review focuses on experiences induced by classic psychedelics, which are substances capable of eliciting powerful psychoactive effects, characterized by distortions/alterations of several neurocognitive processes (e.g., hallucinations). Herein we refer to such experiences as psychedelic states. Psychosis is a clinical syndrome defined by impaired reality testing, also characterized by impaired neurocognitive processes (e.g., hallucinations and delusions). In this review we refer to acute phases of psychotic disorders as psychotic states. Neuropharmacological investigations have begun to characterize the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning the shared and distinct neurophysiological changes observed in psychedelic and psychotic states. Mounting evidence indicates changes in thalamic filtering, along with disturbances in cortico-striato-pallido-thalamo-cortical (CSPTC)-circuitry, in both altered states. Notably, alterations in thalamocortical functional connectivity were reported by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Thalamocortical dysconnectivity and its clinical relevance are well-characterized in psychotic states, particularly in schizophrenia research. Specifically, studies report hyperconnectivity between the thalamus and sensorimotor cortices and hypoconnectivity between the thalamus and prefrontal cortices, associated with patients' psychotic symptoms and cognitive disturbances, respectively. Intriguingly, studies also report hyperconnectivity between the thalamus and sensorimotor cortices in psychedelic states, correlating with altered visual and auditory perceptions. Taken together, the two altered states appear to share clinically and functionally relevant dysconnectivity patterns. In this review we discuss recent findings of thalamocortical dysconnectivity, its putative extension to CSPTC circuitry, along with its clinical implications and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Avram
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Helena Rogg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexandra Korda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Felix Müller
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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27
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Cavalcante DA, Coutinho LS, Ortiz BB, Noto MN, Cordeiro Q, Ota VK, Belangeiro SI, Bressan RA, Gadelha A, Noto C. Impact of duration of untreated psychosis in short-term response to treatment and outcome in antipsychotic naïve first-episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2020; 14:677-683. [PMID: 31637865 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is one of the few potentially modifiable outcome predictors in psychosis. Previous studies have associated a longer DUP with a poor prognosis, but few of them were performed in countries with low and middle level of income. This study aimed to investigate the DUP in a Brazilian sample of antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis (AN-FEP) patients and its association with clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in a short-term follow-up. METHODS One hundred forty-five AN-FEP patients between 16 and 40 years were enrolled and were reassessed 10 weeks after risperidone treatment. We investigated the association between DUP and symptom severity, functionality and response to treatment, using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI) and the Global Assessment of Functionality (GAF) scale. DUP was defined as the period between the onset of the first psychotic symptoms and the first effective antipsychotic treatment. For the analysis, we performed multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS The DUP's median was 61 days. At baseline, we did not find any significant association between DUP and clinical characteristics. After treatment, the longer DUP predicted worse positive and negative symptom dimensions, worse total PANSS, GAF and CGI scores and poorer response to treatment. CONCLUSION Our results showed that DUP is associated with worse outcomes after short treatment, but it does not modify the baseline clinical profile of the AN-FEP patients. Such results reinforce the need to develop early intervention strategies, reducing DUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Cavalcante
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,GAPi (Early Psychosis Group), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luccas S Coutinho
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Schizophrenia Program (PROESQ), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane N Noto
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,GAPi (Early Psychosis Group), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Ciências Médica da Santa Casa de São Paulo (FCMSCSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa K Ota
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sintia I Belangeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Schizophrenia Program (PROESQ), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,GAPi (Early Psychosis Group), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Schizophrenia Program (PROESQ), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Noto
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,GAPi (Early Psychosis Group), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Schizophrenia Program (PROESQ), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Li P, Jing RX, Zhao RJ, Shi L, Sun HQ, Ding Z, Lin X, Lu L, Fan Y. Association between functional and structural connectivity of the corticostriatal network in people with schizophrenia and unaffected first-degree relatives. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:395-405. [PMID: 32436671 PMCID: PMC7595738 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of the corticostriatal network has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, but findings are inconsistent within and across imaging modalities. We used multimodal neuroimaging to analyze functional and structural connectivity in the corticostriatal network in people with schizophrenia and unaffected first-degree relatives. METHODS We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging scans from people with schizophrenia (n = 47), relatives (n = 30) and controls (n = 49). We compared seed-based functional and structural connectivity across groups within striatal subdivisions defined a priori. RESULTS Compared with controls, people with schizophrenia had altered connectivity between the subdivisions and brain regions in the frontal and temporal cortices and thalamus; relatives showed different connectivity between the subdivisions and the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the left precuneus. Post-hoc t tests revealed that people with schizophrenia had decreased functional connectivity in the ventral loop (ventral striatum-right ACC) and dorsal loop (executive striatum-right ACC and sensorimotor striatum-right ACC), accompanied by decreased structural connectivity; relatives had reduced functional connectivity in the ventral loop and the dorsal loop (right executive striatum-right ACC) and no significant difference in structural connectivity compared with the other groups. Functional connectivity among people with schizophrenia in the bilateral ventral striatum-right ACC was correlated with positive symptom severity. LIMITATIONS The number of relatives included was moderate. Striatal subdivisions were defined based on a relatively low threshold, and structural connectivity was measured based on fractional anisotropy alone. CONCLUSION Our findings provide insight into the role of hypoconnectivity of the ventral corticostriatal system in people with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- From the Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China (Li, Shi, Sun, Lin, Lu); the National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the Department of Alcohol and Drug Dependence, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Zhao); the National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Ding); the Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Lin, Lu); and the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (Fan)
| | - Ri-Xing Jing
- From the Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China (Li, Shi, Sun, Lin, Lu); the National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the Department of Alcohol and Drug Dependence, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Zhao); the National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Ding); the Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Lin, Lu); and the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (Fan)
| | - Rong-Jiang Zhao
- From the Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China (Li, Shi, Sun, Lin, Lu); the National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the Department of Alcohol and Drug Dependence, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Zhao); the National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Ding); the Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Lin, Lu); and the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (Fan)
| | - Le Shi
- From the Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China (Li, Shi, Sun, Lin, Lu); the National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the Department of Alcohol and Drug Dependence, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Zhao); the National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Ding); the Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Lin, Lu); and the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (Fan)
| | - Hong-Qiang Sun
- From the Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China (Li, Shi, Sun, Lin, Lu); the National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the Department of Alcohol and Drug Dependence, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Zhao); the National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Ding); the Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Lin, Lu); and the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (Fan)
| | - Zengbo Ding
- From the Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China (Li, Shi, Sun, Lin, Lu); the National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the Department of Alcohol and Drug Dependence, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Zhao); the National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Ding); the Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Lin, Lu); and the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (Fan)
| | - Xiao Lin
- From the Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China (Li, Shi, Sun, Lin, Lu); the National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the Department of Alcohol and Drug Dependence, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Zhao); the National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Ding); the Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Lin, Lu); and the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (Fan)
| | - Lin Lu
- From the Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China (Li, Shi, Sun, Lin, Lu); the National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the Department of Alcohol and Drug Dependence, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Zhao); the National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Ding); the Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Lin, Lu); and the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (Fan)
| | - Yong Fan
- From the Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China (Li, Shi, Sun, Lin, Lu); the National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Jing); the Department of Alcohol and Drug Dependence, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Zhao); the National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Ding); the Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Lin, Lu); and the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (Fan)
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Rodrigues-Amorim D, Rivera-Baltanás T, Del Carmen Vallejo-Curto M, Rodriguez-Jamardo C, de Las Heras E, Barreiro-Villar C, Blanco-Formoso M, Fernández-Palleiro P, Álvarez-Ariza M, López M, García-Caballero A, Olivares JM, Spuch C. Plasma β-III tubulin, neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein are associated with neurodegeneration and progression in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14271. [PMID: 32868793 PMCID: PMC7459108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a progressive disorder characterized by multiple psychotic relapses. After every relapse, patients may not fully recover, and this may lead to a progressive loss of functionality. Pharmacological treatment represents a key factor to minimize the biological, psychological and psychosocial impact of the disorder. The number of relapses and the duration of psychotic episodes induce a potential neuronal damage and subsequently, neurodegenerative processes. Thus, a comparative study was performed, including forty healthy controls and forty-two SZ patients divided into first-episode psychosis (FEP) and chronic SZ (CSZ) subgroups, where the CSZ sub group was subdivided by antipsychotic treatment. In order to measure the potential neuronal damage, plasma levels of β-III tubulin, neurofilament light chain (Nf-L), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were performed. The results revealed that the levels of these proteins were increased in the SZ group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, multiple comparison analysis showed highly significant levels of β-III tubulin (P = 0.0002), Nf-L (P = 0.0403) and GFAP (P < 0.015) in the subgroup of CSZ clozapine-treated. In conclusion, β-III tubulin, Nf-L and GFAP proteins may be potential biomarkers of neurodegeneration and progression in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues-Amorim
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - Tania Rivera-Baltanás
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Vallejo-Curto
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cynthia Rodriguez-Jamardo
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - Elena de Las Heras
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carolina Barreiro-Villar
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - María Blanco-Formoso
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Palleiro
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - María Álvarez-Ariza
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta López
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - José Manuel Olivares
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain. .,Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute - IISGS, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain. .,Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute - IISGS, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Spain.
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30
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Miao Q, Pu C, Wang Z, Yan CG, Shi C, Cao Q, Wang X, Cheng Z, Han X, Yang L, Lai Y, Yuan Y, Ma H, Li K, Hong N, Yu X. Influence of More Than 5 Years of Continuous Exposure to Antipsychotics on Cerebral Functional Connectivity of Chronic Schizophrenia. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2020; 65:463-472. [PMID: 32027178 PMCID: PMC7298577 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720904815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of long-term antipsychotics use on the strength of functional connectivity (FC) in the brains of patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 15 patients with continuously treated chronic schizophrenia (TCS), 19 patients with minimally TCS (MTCS), and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Then, we evaluated and compared the whole-brain FC strength (FCS; including full-range, short-range, and long-range FCS) among patients with TCS, MTCS, and HCs. RESULTS Patients with TCS and MTCS showed reduced full-/short-range FC compared with the HCs. No significant differences in the whole-brain FCS (including full-range, short-range, and long-range FCS) or clinical characteristics were identified between patients with TCS and MTCS. Additionally, the FCS in the right fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, and right inferior occipital gyrus negatively correlated with the duration of illness and positively correlated with onset age across all patients with chronic schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the long-term use of antipsychotics, patients with chronic schizophrenia show decreased FC compared with healthy individuals. For some patients with chronic schizophrenia, the influence of long-term and minimal/short-term antipsychotic exposure on resting-state FC was similar. The decreased full- and short-range FCS in the right fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, and right inferior occipital gyrus may be an ongoing pathological process that is not altered by antipsychotic interventions in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Large-sample, long-term follow-up studies are still needed for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Miao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Pu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijiang Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Gan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Shi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjiu Cao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xijin Wang
- The First Psychiatric Hospital of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyao Lai
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Yuan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Keqing Li
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Nan Hong
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
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31
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Briend F, Armstrong WP, Kraguljac NV, Keilhloz SD, Lahti AC. Aberrant static and dynamic functional patterns of frontoparietal control network in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis subjects. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2999-3008. [PMID: 32372508 PMCID: PMC7336157 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychotic disorders are disabling clinical syndromes characterized by widespread alterations in cortical information processing. Disruption of frontoparietal network (FPN) connectivity has emerged as a common footprint across the psychosis spectrum. Our goal was to characterize the static and dynamic resting‐state functional connectivity (FC) of the FPN in antipsychotic‐naïve first‐episode psychosis (FEP) subjects. We compared the static FC of the FPN in 40 FEP and 40 healthy control (HC) subjects, matched on age, sex, and socioeconomic status. To study the dynamic FC, we measured quasiperiodic patterns (QPPs) that consist of infraslow spatioemporal patterns embedded in the blood oxygen level‐dependent signal that repeats over time, exhibiting alternation of high and low activity. Relative to HC, we found functional hypoconnectivity between the right middle frontal gyrus and the right middle temporal gyrus, as well as the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left inferior parietal gyrus in FEP (p < .05, false discovery rate corrected). The correlation of the QPP with all functional scans was significantly stronger for FEP compared to HC, suggesting a greater impact of the QPPs to intrinsic brain activity in psychotic population. Regressing the QPP from the functional scans erased all significant group differences in static FC, suggesting that abnormal connectivity in FEP could result from altered QPP. Our study supports that alterations of cortical information processing are not a function of psychotic chronicity or antipsychotic medication exposure and may be regarded as trait specific. In addition, static connectivity abnormality may be partly related to altered brain network temporal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Briend
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - William P Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nina V Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Shella D Keilhloz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Jonas KG, Fochtmann LJ, Perlman G, Tian Y, Kane JM, Bromet EJ, Kotov R. Lead-Time Bias Confounds Association Between Duration of Untreated Psychosis and Illness Course in Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:327-334. [PMID: 32046533 PMCID: PMC10754034 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE At first hospitalization, a long duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) predicts illness severity and worse treatment outcomes. The mechanism of this association, however, remains unclear. It has been hypothesized that lengthy untreated psychosis is toxic or that it reflects a more severe form of schizophrenia. Alternatively, the association may be an artifact of lead-time bias. These hypotheses are tested in a longitudinal study of schizophrenia with 2,137 observations spanning from childhood to 20 years after first admission. METHODS Data were from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project. The cohort included 287 individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. DUP was defined as days from first psychotic symptom to first psychiatric hospitalization. Psychosocial function was assessed using the Premorbid Adjustment Scale and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. Psychosocial function trajectories were estimated using multilevel spline regression models adjusted for gender, occupational status, race, and antipsychotic medication. RESULTS Both long- and short-DUP patients experienced similar declines in psychosocial function, but declines occurred at different times relative to first admission. Long-DUP patients experienced most of these declines prior to first admission, while short-DUP patients experienced declines after first admission. When psychosocial function was analyzed relative to psychosis onset, DUP did not predict illness course. CONCLUSIONS The association between DUP and psychosocial function may be an artifact of early detection, creating the illusion that early intervention is associated with improved outcomes. In other words, DUP may be better understood as an indicator of illness stage than a predictor of course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health (Jonas, Fochtmann, Perlman, Bromet, Kotov) and Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Tian), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y.; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (Kane)
| | - Laura J Fochtmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health (Jonas, Fochtmann, Perlman, Bromet, Kotov) and Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Tian), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y.; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (Kane)
| | - Greg Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health (Jonas, Fochtmann, Perlman, Bromet, Kotov) and Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Tian), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y.; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (Kane)
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health (Jonas, Fochtmann, Perlman, Bromet, Kotov) and Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Tian), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y.; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (Kane)
| | - John M Kane
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health (Jonas, Fochtmann, Perlman, Bromet, Kotov) and Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Tian), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y.; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (Kane)
| | - Evelyn J Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health (Jonas, Fochtmann, Perlman, Bromet, Kotov) and Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Tian), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y.; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (Kane)
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health (Jonas, Fochtmann, Perlman, Bromet, Kotov) and Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Tian), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y.; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (Kane)
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Blair Thies M, DeRosse P, Sarpal DK, Argyelan M, Fales CL, Gallego JA, Robinson DG, Lencz T, Homan P, Malhotra AK. Interaction of Cannabis Use Disorder and Striatal Connectivity in Antipsychotic Treatment Response. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2020; 1:sgaa014. [PMID: 32803161 PMCID: PMC7418867 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic (AP) medications are the mainstay for the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), but their efficacy is unpredictable and widely variable. Substantial efforts have been made to identify prognostic biomarkers that can be used to guide optimal prescription strategies for individual patients. Striatal regions involved in salience and reward processing are disrupted as a result of both SSD and cannabis use, and research demonstrates that striatal circuitry may be integral to response to AP drugs. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the relationship between a history of cannabis use disorder (CUD) and a striatal connectivity index (SCI), a previously developed neural biomarker for AP treatment response in SSD. Patients were part of a 12-week randomized, double-blind controlled treatment study of AP drugs. A sample of 48 first-episode SSD patients with no more than 2 weeks of lifetime exposure to AP medications, underwent a resting-state fMRI scan pretreatment. Treatment response was defined a priori as a binary (response/nonresponse) variable, and a SCI was calculated in each patient. We examined whether there was an interaction between lifetime CUD history and the SCI in relation to treatment response. We found that CUD history moderated the relationship between SCI and treatment response, such that it had little predictive value in SSD patients with a CUD history. In sum, our findings highlight that biomarker development can be critically impacted by patient behaviors that influence neurobiology, such as a history of CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Blair Thies
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Christina L Fales
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Juan A Gallego
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Graduate Center—City University of New York, New York, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Delbert G Robinson
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Todd Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Philipp Homan
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
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Horvitz-Lennon M, Predmore Z, Orr P, Hanson M, Hillestad R, Durkin M, El Khoury AC, Mattke S. The Predicted Long-Term Benefits of Ensuring Timely Treatment and Medication Adherence in Early Schizophrenia. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2019; 47:357-365. [PMID: 31745735 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-019-00990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The impact of initiatives aimed at reducing time in untreated psychosis during early-stage schizophrenia will be unknown for many years. Thus, we simulate the effect of earlier treatment entry and better antipsychotic drug adherence on schizophrenia-related hospitalizations, receipt of disability benefits, competitive employment, and independent/family living over a ten-year horizon. We predict that earlier treatment entry reduces hospitalizations by 12.6-14.4% and benefit receipt by 7.0-8.5%, while increasing independent/family living by 41.5-46% and employment by 42-58%. We predict larger gains if a pro-adherence intervention is also used. Our findings suggest substantial benefits of timely and consistent early schizophrenia care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary Predmore
- RAND Corporation, 20 Park Plaza, Suite 920, Boston, MA, 02116, USA.,Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick Orr
- RAND Corporation, 20 Park Plaza, Suite 920, Boston, MA, 02116, USA.,Information Mapping, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Hanson
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mike Durkin
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Soeren Mattke
- RAND Corporation, 20 Park Plaza, Suite 920, Boston, MA, 02116, USA.,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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35
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Maximo JO, Nelson EA, Armstrong WP, Kraguljac NV, Lahti AC. Duration of Untreated Psychosis Correlates With Brain Connectivity and Morphology in Medication-Naïve Patients With First-Episode Psychosis. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 5:231-238. [PMID: 31902581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, the average duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is 21 months, and it remains unknown how longer DUP may affect brain functioning in antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis. The objective was to determine the effects of DUP on functional connectivity and brain morphology measured with resting-state functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS Medication-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis were referred from various clinical settings. After accounting for exclusion criteria, attrition, and data quality, final analyses included 55 patients (35 male and 20 female; mean age, 24.18 years). Patients with first-episode psychosis were subjected to a 16-week trial of risperidone, a commonly used antipsychotic drug. Treatment response was calculated as change in the psychosis subscale of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale between baseline and 16 weeks. Resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging and brain morphology (surface area and cortical thickness) were assessed. RESULTS Longer DUP was associated with worse treatment response and reduced functional connectivity-more specifically in the default, salience, and executive networks. Moreover, longer DUP was associated with reduced surface area in the salience and executive networks and with increased cortical thickness in the default mode and salience networks. When the functional connectivity of the default mode network was added as a mediator, the relationship between DUP and treatment response was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that several neurobiological alterations in the form of reduced functional connectivity and surface area and increased cortical thickness underpin the effect of prolonged DUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose O Maximo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eric A Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - William P Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nina V Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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36
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Striatal volume and functional connectivity correlate with weight gain in early-phase psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1948-1954. [PMID: 31315130 PMCID: PMC6785100 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) are essential in the treatment of psychotic disorders, but are well-known for inducing substantial weight gain and obesity. Critically, weight gain may reduce life expectancy for up to 20-30 years in patients with psychotic disorders, and prognostic biomarkers are generally lacking. Even though other receptors are also implicated, the dorsal striatum, rich in dopamine D2 receptors, which are antagonized by antipsychotic medications, plays a key role in the human reward system and in appetite regulation, suggesting that altered dopamine activity in the striatal reward circuitry may be responsible for increased food craving and weight gain. Here, we measured striatal volume and striatal resting-state functional connectivity at baseline, and weight gain over the course of 12 weeks of antipsychotic treatment in 81 patients with early-phase psychosis. We also included a sample of 58 healthy controls. Weight measurements were completed at baseline, and then weekly for 4 weeks, and every 2 weeks until week 12. We used linear mixed models to compute individual weight gain trajectories. Striatal volume and whole-brain striatal connectivity were then calculated for each subject, and used to assess the relationship between striatal structure and function and individual weight gain in multiple regression models. Patients had similar baseline weights and body mass indices (BMI) compared with healthy controls. There was no evidence that prior drug exposure or duration of untreated psychosis correlated with baseline BMI. Higher left putamen volume and lower sensory motor connectivity correlated with the magnitude of weight gain in patients, and these effects multiplied when the structure-function interaction was considered in an additional exploratory analysis. In conclusion, these results provide evidence for a correlation of striatal structure and function with antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Lower striatal connectivity was associated with more weight gain, and this relationship was stronger for higher compared with lower left putamen volumes.
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37
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Chan NK, Kim J, Shah P, Brown EE, Plitman E, Carravaggio F, Iwata Y, Gerretsen P, Graff-Guerrero A. Resting-state functional connectivity in treatment response and resistance in schizophrenia: A systematic review. Schizophr Res 2019; 211:10-20. [PMID: 31331784 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and treatment-responsive schizophrenia may exhibit distinct pathophysiology. Several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have used resting-state functional connectivity analyses (rs-FC) in TRS patients to identify markers of treatment resistance. However, to date, existing findings have not been systematically evaluated. METHODS A systematic literature search using Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest, PUBMED, and Scopus was performed. The query sought fMRI articles investigating rs-FC in treatment response or resistance in patients with schizophrenia. Only studies that examined treatment response, operationalized as the explicit categorization of patients by their response to antipsychotic medication, were considered eligible. Pairwise comparisons between patient groups and controls were extracted from each study. RESULTS The search query identified 159 records. Ten studies met inclusion criteria. Five studies examined not TRS (NTRS), and 8 studies examined TRS. Differences in rs-FC analysis methodology precluded direct comparisons between studies. However, disruptions in areas involved in visual and auditory information processing were implicated in both patients with TRS and NTRS. Changes in connectivity with sensorimotor network areas tended to appear in the context of TRS but not NTRS. Moreover, there was some indication that this connectivity could be affected by clozapine. CONCLUSIONS Functional connectivity may provide clinically meaningful biomarkers of treatment response and resistance in schizophrenia. Studies generally identified similar areas of disruption, though methodological differences largely precluded direct comparison between disruption effects. Implementing data sharing as standard practice will allow future reviews and meta-analyses to identify rs-FC correlates of TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K Chan
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Kim
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parita Shah
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric E Brown
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Geriatric Mental Health Division, CAMH, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Plitman
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando Carravaggio
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Geriatric Mental Health Division, CAMH, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Geriatric Mental Health Division, CAMH, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Plastic Adaptation to Pathology in Psychiatry: Are Patients with Psychiatric Disorders Pathological Experts? Neuroscientist 2019; 26:208-223. [DOI: 10.1177/1073858419867083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders share the same pattern of longitudinal evolution and have courses that tend to be chronic and recurrent. These aspects of chronicity and longitudinal evolution are currently studied under the deficit-oriented neuroprogression framework. Interestingly, considering the plasticity of the brain, it is also necessary to emphasize the bidirectional nature of neuroprogression. We review evidence highlighting alterations of the brain associated with the longitudinal evolution of psychiatric disorders from the framework of neuroplastic adaptation to pathology. This new framework highlights that substantial plasticity and remodeling may occur beyond the classic deficit-oriented neuroprogressive framework, which has been associated with progressive loss of gray matter thickness, decreased brain connectivity, and chronic inflammation. We also integrate the brain economy concept in the neuroplastic adaptation to pathology framework, emphasizing that to preserve its economy, i.e. function, the brain learns how to cope with the disease by adapting its architecture. Neuroplastic adaptation to pathology is a proposition for a paradigm shift to overcome the shortcomings of traditional psychiatric diagnostic boundaries; this approach can disentangle both the specific pathophysiology of psychiatric symptoms and the adaptation to pathology, thus offering a new framework for both diagnosis and treatment.
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Age-Normative Pathways of Striatal Connectivity Related to Clinical Symptoms in the General Population. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:966-976. [PMID: 30898336 PMCID: PMC6534442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered striatal development contributes to core deficits in motor and inhibitory control, impulsivity, and inattention associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and may likewise play a role in deficient reward processing and emotion regulation in psychosis and depression. The maturation of striatal connectivity has not been well characterized, particularly as it relates to clinical symptomatology. METHODS Resting-state functional connectivity with striatal subdivisions was examined for 926 participants (8-22 years of age, 44% male) from the general population who had participated in two large cross-sectional studies. Developing circuits were identified and growth charting of age-related connections was performed to obtain individual scores reflecting relative neurodevelopmental attainment. Associations of clinical symptom scales (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, psychosis, depression, and general psychopathology) with the resulting striatal connectivity age-deviation scores were then tested using elastic net regression. RESULTS Linear and nonlinear developmental patterns occurred across 231 striatal age-related connections. Both unique and overlapping striatal age-related connections were associated with the four symptom domains. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder severity was related to age-advanced connectivity across several insula subregions, but to age-delayed connectivity with the nearby inferior frontal gyrus. Psychosis was associated with advanced connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus, while aberrant limbic connectivity predicted depression. The dorsal posterior insula, a region involved in pain processing, emerged as a strong contributor to general psychopathology as well as to each individual symptom domain. CONCLUSIONS Developmental striatal pathophysiology in the general population is consistent with dysfunctional circuitry commonly found in clinical populations. Atypical age-normative connectivity may thereby reflect aberrant neurodevelopmental processes that contribute to clinical risk.
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Qiu Y, Li L, Gan Z, Wang J, Zheng L, Zhao J, Guan N, Wei Q. Factors related to duration of untreated psychosis of first episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:555-561. [PMID: 29164787 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated with outcome and functioning. It is expected that scientists will find factors that modulate DUP, but thus far, research on this topic has shown inconsistent results. Furthermore, similar studies in China are insufficient. This study aims to explore social and clinical factors for DUP in South China and to learn the influence that family plays on DUP through their awareness of psychosis. METHODS Participants included 216 patients with first episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder. The Nottingham Onset Schedule was used to assess DUP. The relationship between DUP and social and clinical characteristics were then analysed by correlation analysis, survival analysis and Cox regression analysis. The awareness of the patient's family for the cause of psychosis, the reason for treatment and the cause for delay of treatment were investigated using a questionnaire. RESULTS The median DUP was 64.5 days. Insidious onset and being unemployed were found to be risk factors for a long DUP. The family attributed the main cause of psychosis to stress. The main cause for the delay of treatment was because families misjudged the patients' disease. More family members of long DUP patients compared to short DUP patients thought the causes were due to ideological problems or puberty, rather than to mental health. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that some social or clinical characteristics influence DUP. The family's awareness plays an important role when seeking help. To reduce DUP, the public needs more knowledge of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leijun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Gan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihui Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoshi Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nianhong Guan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinling Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Xu L, Hu Y, Wu J, Li C, Wang J, Yang Z. Functional Connectivity Between Sensory-Motor Subnetworks Reflects the Duration of Untreated Psychosis and Predicts Treatment Outcome of First-Episode Drug-Naïve Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:697-705. [PMID: 31171498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic symptoms and motor abnormalities have been consistently reported as typical symptoms of schizophrenia, but evidence linking impaired functional connectivity among the primary sensory-motor network and its associations to schizophrenia is largely lacking. The present study aims to examine abnormal functional connectivity in the sensory-motor network in schizophrenia and its associations with the duration of untreated psychosis and medication treatment effects. We hypothesize that patients with schizophrenia suffer from disrupted functional connectivity between the sensory-motor subnetworks. The degree of impairment in the connectivity could reflect the duration of untreated psychosis and predict outcomes of medication treatment. METHODS At baseline, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 60 first-episode patients with drug-naïve schizophrenia (36 were female) and 60 matching normal control subjects (31 were female). After 2 months, 23 patients who received medication treatment and 32 normal control subjects were rescanned. Functional connectivity among subnetworks in the sensory-motor system was compared between the groups and correlated with the duration of untreated psychosis and the treatment outcome. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly disrupted functional connectivity in the sensory-motor network. The degree of impairment reflected the duration of untreated psychosis and motor-related symptoms. It further predicted the improvement of positive scores after medication. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that functional connectivity in the sensory-motor network could indicate the severity of neural impairment in schizophrenia, and it deserves more attention in the search for neuroimaging markers for evaluating neural impairment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Homan P, Argyelan M, DeRosse P, Szeszko PR, Gallego JA, Hanna L, Robinson DG, Kane JM, Lencz T, Malhotra AK. Structural similarity networks predict clinical outcome in early-phase psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:915-922. [PMID: 30679724 PMCID: PMC6461949 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances, there is still a major need for prediction of treatment success in schizophrenia, a condition long considered a disorder of dysconnectivity in the brain. Graph theory provides a means to characterize the connectivity in both healthy and abnormal brains. We calculated structural similarity networks in each participant and hypothesized that the "hubness", i.e., the number of edges connecting a node to the rest of the network, would be associated with clinical outcome. This prospective controlled study took place at an academic research center and included 82 early-phase psychosis patients (23 females; mean age [SD] = 21.6 [5.5] years) and 58 healthy controls. Medications were administered in a double-blind randomized manner, and patients were scanned at baseline prior to treatment with second-generation antipsychotics. Symptoms were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale at baseline and over the course of 12 weeks. Nodal degree of structural similarity networks was computed for each subject and entered as a predictor of individual treatment response into a partial least squares (PLS) regression. The model fit was significant in a permutation test with 1000 permutations (P = 0.006), and the first two PLS regression components explained 29% (95% CI: 27; 30) of the variance in treatment response after cross-validation. Nodes loading strongly on the first PLS component were primarily located in the orbito- and prefrontal cortex, whereas nodes loading strongly on the second PLS component were primarily located in the superior temporal, precentral, and middle cingulate cortex. These data suggest a link between brain network morphology and clinical outcome in early-phase psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Homan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA. .,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY, USA.
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Philip R. Szeszko
- 0000 0004 0420 1184grid.274295.fJames J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Juan A. Gallego
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Lauren Hanna
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Delbert G. Robinson
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - John M. Kane
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Anil K. Malhotra
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
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Liu J, Yao L, Zhang W, Deng W, Xiao Y, Li F, Sweeney JA, Gong Q, Lui S. Dissociation of fractional anisotropy and resting-state functional connectivity alterations in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 204:230-237. [PMID: 30121186 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) has been demonstrated between multiple brain regions in schizophrenia. However, whether these alterations are related to fractional anisotropy (FA) alterations in pathways that connect regions with altered rsFC remains unknown. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were performed with 181 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients and 173 matched healthy controls. FA was measured using tensor-guided tractography in identifiable pathways between selected pairs of brain regions with altered rsFC as determined by prior meta-analysis. Compared with controls, patients showed significantly decreased FA between right caudate nucleus and right pallidum, right caudate nucleus and right putamen, and right hippocampus and right thalamus. Decreased rsFC was observed between right pallidum and right thalamus, and right insula and right superior temporal gyrus. No significant correlation was observed between FA and rsFC. FA between right caudate nucleus and right putamen was inversely correlated with negative symptoms while rsFC between right pallidum and right thalamus was inversely correlated with positive symptoms. The lack of robust correlations between FA and rsFC and no overlap of these abnormalities indicate that regional rsFC alterations in the early course of schizophrenia are not primarily associated with FA alterations. The observation that positive and negative symptoms are related to different functional and structural disturbances is consistent with this dissociation, and with prior work suggests that different pathophysiological mechanism may underlie positive and negative symptoms in the early course of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieke Liu
- Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yao
- Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Li
- Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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44
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Manivannan A, Foran W, Jalbrzikowski M, Murty VP, Haas GL, Tarcijonas G, Luna B, Sarpal DK. Association Between Duration of Untreated Psychosis and Frontostriatal Connectivity During Maintenance of Visuospatial Working Memory. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:454-461. [PMID: 30852127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been linked with poor clinical outcomes and variation in resting-state striatal connectivity with central executive regions. However, the link between DUP and task-based activation of executive neurocognition has not previously been examined. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined the association between DUP and both activation and frontostriatal functional connectivity during a visual working memory (WM) paradigm in patients with first-episode psychosis. METHODS Patients with first-episode psychosis (n = 37) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning while performing a visual WM task. At the single-subject level, task conditions were modeled; at the group level, each condition was examined along with DUP. Activation was examined within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a primary region supporting visual WM activation. Frontostriatal functional connectivity during the WM was examined via psychophysical interaction between the dorsal caudate and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Results were compared with a reference range of connectivity values in a matched group of healthy volunteers (n = 25). Task performance was also examined in relation to neuroimaging findings. RESULTS No significant association was observed between DUP and WM activation. Longer DUP showed less functional frontostriatal connectivity with the maintenance of increasing WM load. Results were not related to task performance measures, consistent with previous work. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that DUP may affect frontostriatal circuitry that supports executive functioning. Future work is necessary to examine if these findings contribute to the mechanism underlying the relationship between DUP and worsened clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwinee Manivannan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vishnu P Murty
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gretchen L Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Goda Tarcijonas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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45
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Jauhar S, Veronese M, Nour MM, Rogdaki M, Hathway P, Turkheimer FE, Stone J, Egerton A, McGuire P, Kapur S, Howes OD. Determinants of treatment response in first-episode psychosis: an 18F-DOPA PET study. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1502-1512. [PMID: 29679071 PMCID: PMC6331038 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic illnesses show variable responses to treatment. Determining the neurobiology underlying this is important for precision medicine and the development of better treatments. It has been proposed that dopaminergic differences underlie variation in response, with striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (DSC) elevated in responders and unaltered in non-responders. We therefore aimed to test this in a prospective cohort, with a nested case-control comparison. 40 volunteers (26 patients with first-episode psychosis and 14 controls) received an 18F-DOPA Positron Emission Tomography scan to measure DSC (Kicer) prior to antipsychotic treatment. Clinical assessments (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, PANSS, and Global Assessment of Functioning, GAF) occurred at baseline and following antipsychotic treatment for a minimum of 4 weeks. Response was defined using improvement in PANSS Total score of >50%. Patients were followed up for at least 6 months, and remission criteria applied. There was a significant effect of group on Kicer in associative striatum (F(2, 37) = 7.9, p = 0.001). Kicer was significantly higher in responders compared with non-responders (Cohen's d = 1.55, p = 0.01) and controls (Cohen's d = 1.31, p = 0.02). Kicer showed significant positive correlations with improvements in PANSS-positive (r = 0.64, p < 0.01), PANSS negative (rho = 0.51, p = 0.01), and PANSS total (rho = 0.63, p < 0.01) ratings and a negative relationship with change in GAF (r = -0.55, p < 0.01). Clinical response is related to baseline striatal dopaminergic function. Differences in dopaminergic function between responders and non-responders are present at first episode of psychosis, consistent with dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic sub-types in psychosis, and potentially indicating a neurochemical basis to stratify psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Jauhar
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK ,0000 0000 9439 0839grid.37640.36Early Intervention Psychosis Clinical Academic Group, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cCentre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Matthew M Nour
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK ,0000 0001 0705 4923grid.413629.bPsychiatric Imaging Group MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN UK ,0000 0001 0705 4923grid.413629.bInstitute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Maria Rogdaki
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK ,0000 0001 0705 4923grid.413629.bPsychiatric Imaging Group MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Pamela Hathway
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Federico E. Turkheimer
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cCentre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
| | - James Stone
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK ,0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cCentre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Alice Egerton
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK ,0000 0000 9439 0839grid.37640.36Early Intervention Psychosis Clinical Academic Group, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Shitij Kapur
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cFiona Pepper, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK. .,Psychiatric Imaging Group MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK. .,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Development of Neuroimaging-Based Biomarkers in Psychiatry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1192:159-195. [PMID: 31705495 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of accumulating neuroimaging data with emphasis on translational potential. The subject will be described in the context of three disease states, i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, and for three clinical goals, i.e., disease risk assessment, subtyping, and treatment decision.
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Waltmann M, O'Daly O, Egerton A, McMullen K, Kumari V, Barker GJ, Williams SCR, Modinos G. Multi-echo fMRI, resting-state connectivity, and high psychometric schizotypy. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 21:101603. [PMID: 30503214 PMCID: PMC6413302 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted striatal functional connectivity is proposed to play a critical role in the development of psychotic symptoms. Previous resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies typically reported disrupted striatal connectivity in patients with psychosis and in individuals at clinical and genetic high risk of the disorder relative to healthy controls. This has not been widely studied in healthy individuals with subclinical psychotic-like experiences (schizotypy). Here we applied the emerging technology of multi-echo rs-fMRI to examine corticostriatal connectivity in this group, which is thought to drastically maximize physiological noise removal and increase BOLD contrast-to-noise ratio. Multi-echo rs-fMRI data (echo times, 12, 28, 44, 60 ms) were acquired from healthy individuals with low (LS, n = 20) and high (HS, n = 19) positive schizotypy as determined with the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE). After preprocessing to ensure optimal contrast and removal of non-BOLD signal components, whole-brain functional connectivity from six striatal seeds was compared between the HS and LS groups. Effects were considered significant at cluster-level p < .05 family-wise error correction. Compared to LS, HS subjects showed lower rs-fMRI connectivity between ventromedial prefrontal regions and ventral striatal regions. Lower connectivity was also observed between the dorsal putamen and the hippocampus, occipital regions, as well as the cerebellum. These results demonstrate that subclinical positive psychotic-like experiences in healthy individuals are associated with striatal hypoconnectivity as detected using multi-echo rs-fMRI. Further application of this approach may aid in characterizing functional connectivity abnormalities across the extended psychosis phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Waltmann
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Alice Egerton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Katrina McMullen
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Veena Kumari
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Steve C R Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
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48
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Ganella EP, Seguin C, Pantelis C, Whittle S, Baune BT, Olver J, Amminger GP, McGorry PD, Cropley V, Zalesky A, Bartholomeusz CF. Resting-state functional brain networks in first-episode psychosis: A 12-month follow-up study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2018; 52:864-875. [PMID: 29806483 DOI: 10.1177/0004867418775833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is increasingly conceived as a disorder of brain network connectivity and organization. However, reports of network abnormalities during the early illness stage of psychosis are mixed. This study adopted a data-driven whole-brain approach to investigate functional connectivity and network architecture in a first-episode psychosis cohort relative to healthy controls and whether functional network properties changed abnormally over a 12-month period in first-episode psychosis. METHODS Resting-state functional connectivity was performed at two time points. At baseline, 29 first-episode psychosis individuals and 30 healthy controls were assessed, and at 12 months, 14 first-episode psychosis individuals and 20 healthy controls completed follow-up. Whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity networks were mapped for each individual and analyzed using graph theory to investigate whether network abnormalities associated with first-episode psychosis were evident and whether functional network properties changed abnormally over 12 months relative to controls. RESULTS This study found no evidence of abnormal resting-state functional connectivity or topology in first-episode psychosis individuals relative to healthy controls at baseline or at 12-months follow-up. Furthermore, longitudinal changes in network properties over a 12-month period did not significantly differ between first-episode psychosis individuals and healthy control. Network measures did not significantly correlate with symptomatology, duration of illness or antipsychotic medication. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show unaffected resting-state functional connectivity and topology in the early psychosis stage of illness. In light of previous literature, this suggests that a subgroup of first-episode psychosis individuals who have a neurotypical resting-state functional connectivity and topology may exist. Our preliminary longitudinal analyses indicate that there also does not appear to be deterioration in these network properties over a 12-month period. Future research in a larger sample is necessary to confirm our longitudinal findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni P Ganella
- 1 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,2 Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,3 The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,4 The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,5 NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Caio Seguin
- 1 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- 1 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,4 The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,5 NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,6 The Florey Institute of Neurosciences & Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,7 Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,8 Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- 1 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,9 Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- 10 Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James Olver
- 11 Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - G Paul Amminger
- 2 Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,3 The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- 2 Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,3 The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- 1 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- 1 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,8 Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cali F Bartholomeusz
- 1 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,2 Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,3 The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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49
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Tarcijonas G, Sarpal DK. Neuroimaging markers of antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia: An overview of magnetic resonance imaging studies. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 131:104209. [PMID: 29953933 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are the primary treatment for psychosis, yet individual response to their administration remains variable. At present, no biological predictors of response exist to guide clinicians as they select treatments for patients, and our understanding of the neurobiology underlying the heterogeneity of outcomes remains limited. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been applied by numerous studies to examine the response to antipsychotic treatment, though a large gap remains between their results and our clinical practice. To advance patient care with precision medicine approaches, prior work must be accounted for and built upon with future studies. This review provides an overview of studies that relate treatment outcome to various MRI-related measures, including structural, spectroscopic, diffusion tensor, and functional imaging. Knowledge derived from these studies will be discussed along with future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goda Tarcijonas
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Manza P, Tomasi D, Volkow ND. Subcortical Local Functional Hyperconnectivity in Cannabis Dependence. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 3:285-293. [PMID: 29486870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis abuse (CA) has been associated with psychopathology, including negative emotionality and higher risk of psychosis, particularly with early age of initiation. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. Because aberrant dopamine signaling is implicated in cannabis-associated psychopathology, we hypothesized that regular CA would be associated with altered resting-state functional connectivity in dopamine midbrain-striatal circuits. METHODS We examined resting-state brain activity of subcortical regions in 441 young adults from the Human Connectome Project, including 30 subjects with CA meeting DSM-IV criteria for dependence and 30 control subjects matched on age, sex, education, body mass index, anxiety, depression, and alcohol and tobacco usage. RESULTS Across all subjects, local functional connectivity density hubs in subcortical regions were most prominent in ventral striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, dorsal midbrain, and posterior-ventral brainstem. As hypothesized, subjects with CA showed markedly increased local functional connectivity density relative to control subjects, not only in ventral striatum (where nucleus accumbens is located) and midbrain (where substantia nigra and ventral tegmental nuclei are located) but also in brainstem and lateral thalamus. These effects were observed in the absence of significant differences in subcortical volumes and were most pronounced in individuals who began cannabis use earliest in life and who reported high levels of negative emotionality. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings suggest that chronic CA is associated with changes in resting-state brain function, particularly in dopaminergic nuclei implicated in psychosis but that are also critical for habit formation and reward processing. These results shed light on neurobiological differences that may be relevant to psychopathology associated with cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Manza
- National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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