1
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Li G, Yao J, Lu Z, Yu L, Chen Q, Ding L, Fang Z, Li Y, Xu B. Simvastatin Preferentially Targets FLT3/ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Inhibiting MEK/ERK and p38-MAPK Signaling Pathways. Drugs R D 2023; 23:439-451. [PMID: 37847357 PMCID: PMC10676344 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-023-00442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FLT3/ITD mutation exists in many acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and is related to the poor prognosis of patients. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the antitumor activity of simvastatin, a member of the statin class of drugs, in vitro and in vivo models of FLT3/ITD AML and to identify the potential mechanisms. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining kits were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Subsequently, Western blot and rescue experiment were applied to explore the potential molecular mechanism. In vivo anti-leukemia activity of simvastatin was evaluated in xenograft mouse models. RESULTS In vitro experiments revealed that simvastatin inhibited AML progression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while in vivo experiments showed that simvastatin significantly reduced tumor burden in FLT3/ITD xenograft mouse models. After simvastatin treatment of FLT3/ITD AML cells, intracellular Rap1 was downregulated and the phosphorylation levels of its downstream targets MEK, ERK and p38 were significantly inhibited. The rescue experiment showed that mevalonate, an intermediate product of the metabolic pathway of mevalonate, and its downstream geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) played a key role in this process. Finally, we demonstrate that simvastatin can induce apoptosis of primary AML cells, while having no effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors. CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin can selectively and effectively eradicate FLT3/ITD AML cells in vitro and in vivo, and its mechanism may be related to the disruption of the HMG-CoA reductase pathway and the downregulation of the MEK/ERK and p38-MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genhong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Biomarker Translational Medicine, Medical Laboratory of Xiamen Humanity Hospital Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Yao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Yu
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Longyan First Hospital, Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinwei Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Ding
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Fang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Thapliyal A, Tomar AK, Chandra KB, Naglot S, Dhiman S, Singh N, Sharma JB, Yadav S. Differential Sperm Proteomics Reveals the Significance of Fatty Acid Synthase and Clusterin in Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3456-3468. [PMID: 37378824 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a pervasive health issue affecting a large number of couples globally, which leads to increased emotional and financial strain on the affected families. While female factors have been extensively studied and are well known, the contribution of male factors to RPL remains largely unknown. As high as 40% of RPL cases are unexplained, which are termed as idiopathic RPL (iRPL), necessitating the investigation of male factors. The role of spermatozoa in early embryonic development is now well established, and recent research studies have shown that oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation in sperm cells are linked to RPL. The aim of this study was to identify proteomic markers of iRPL in human spermatozoa using tandem mass spectrometry. A label-free method quantified a total of 1820 proteins, and statistical analysis identified 359 differentially expressed proteins, the majority of which were downregulated in iRPL samples (344). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that proteomic alterations were mainly associated with biological processes such as response to stress, protein folding, chromatin organization, DNA conformation change, oxidative phosphorylation, and electron transport chain. In coherence with past studies, we determined fatty acid synthase (FASN) and clusterin (CLU) to be the most potential sperm markers for iRPL and confirmed their expression changes in iRPL by western blotting. Conclusively, we believe that FASN and CLU might serve as potential markers of iRPL and suggest exploratory functional studies to identify their specific role in pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Thapliyal
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anil Kumar Tomar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Kumari Binita Chandra
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sarla Naglot
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
- Medical Device and Diagnostics Mission Secretariat (MDMS), ICMR, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Soniya Dhiman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Neeta Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Jai Bhagwan Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Savita Yadav
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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3
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Xanthomicrol Activity in Cancer HeLa Cells: Comparison with Other Natural Methoxylated Flavones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020558. [PMID: 36677614 PMCID: PMC9864045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The methoxylated flavone xanthomicrol represents an uncommon active phenolic compound identified in herbs/plants with a long application in traditional medicine. It was isolated from a sample of Achillea erba-rotta subsp. moschata (musk yar-row) flowering tops. Xanthomicrol promising biological properties include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. This study mainly focused on the evaluation of the xanthomicrol impact on lipid metabolism in cancer HeLa cells, together with the investigation of the treatment-induced changes in cell growth, morphology, and apoptosis. At the dose range of 5-100 μM, xanthomicrol (24 h of incubation) significantly reduced viability and modulated lipid profile in cancer Hela cells. It induced marked changes in the phospholipid/cholesterol ratio, significant decreases in the levels of oleic and palmitic acids, and a marked increase of stearic acid, involving an inhibitory effect on de novo lipogenesis and desaturation in cancer cells. Moreover, marked cell morphological alterations, signs of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase were observed in cancer treated cells. The bioactivity profile of xanthomicrol was compared to that of the anticancer methoxylated flavones eupatilin and artemetin, and structure-activity relationships were underlined.
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4
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Ye G, Wang J, Yang W, Li J, Ye M, Jin X. The roles of KLHL family members in human cancers. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5105-5139. [PMID: 36504893 PMCID: PMC9729911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kelch-like (KLHL) family members consist of three domains: bric-a-brac, tramtrack, broad complex/poxvirus and zinc finger domain, BACK domain and Kelch domain, which combine and interact with Cullin3 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Research has indicated that KLHL family members ubiquitinate target substrates to regulate physiological and pathological processes, including tumorigenesis and progression. KLHL19, a member of the KLHL family, is associated with tumorigenesis and drug resistance. However, the regulation and cross talks of other KLHL family members, which also play roles in cancer, are still unclear. Our review mainly explores studies concerning the roles of other KLHL family members in tumor-related regulation to provide novel insights into KLHL family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganghui Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315020, Zhejiang, P. R. China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315020, Zhejiang, P. R. China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Weili Yang
- Yinzhou People’s Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315040, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jinyun Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315020, Zhejiang, P. R. China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Meng Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315020, Zhejiang, P. R. China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315020, Zhejiang, P. R. China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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5
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Hislop EW, Tipping WJ, Faulds K, Graham D. Label-Free Imaging of Lipid Droplets in Prostate Cells Using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy and Multivariate Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8899-8908. [PMID: 35699644 PMCID: PMC9244870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hyperspectral stimulated
Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a
powerful imaging modality for the analysis of biological systems.
Here, we report the application of k-means cluster
analysis (KMCA) of multi-wavelength SRS images in the high-wavenumber
region of the Raman spectrum as a robust and reliable method for the
segmentation of cellular organelles based on the intrinsic SRS spectrum.
KMCA has been applied to the study of the endogenous lipid biochemistry
of prostate cancer and prostate healthy cell models, while the corresponding
SRS spectrum of the lipid droplet (LD) cluster enabled direct comparison
of their composition. The application of KMCA in visualizing the LD
content of prostate cell models following the inhibition of de novo
lipid synthesis (DNL) using the acetyl-coA carboxylase inhibitor,
5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid (TOFA), is demonstrated. This method
identified a reliance of prostate cancer cell models upon DNL for
metabolic requirements, with a significant reduction in the cellular
LD content after treatment with TOFA, which was not observed in normal
prostate cell models. SRS imaging combined with KMCA is a robust method
for investigating drug–cell interactions in a label-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan W Hislop
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - William J Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
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6
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Rosa A, Isola R, Pollastro F, Nieddu M. Effect of the natural polymethoxylated flavone artemetin on lipid oxidation and its impact on cancer cell viability and lipids. Fitoterapia 2021; 156:105102. [PMID: 34921927 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical class of the polymethoxylated flavonoids represents uncommon phenolic compounds in plants presenting a more marked lipophilic behavior due to the alkylation of its hydroxylic groups. As a polymethoxylated flavone, which concerns a different bioavailability, artemetin (ART) has been examined in vitro against lipid oxidation and its impact on cancer cells has been explored. Despite this flavone only exerted a slight protection against in vitro fatty acid and cholesterol oxidative degradation, ART significantly reduced viability and modulated lipid profile in cancer Hela cells at the dose range 10-50 μM after 72 h of incubation. It induced marked changes in the monounsaturated/saturated phospholipid class, significant decreased the levels of palmitic, oleic and palmitoleic acids, maybe involving an inhibitory effect on de novo lipogenesis and desaturation in cancer cells. Moreover, ART compromised normal mitochondrial function, inducing a noteworthy mitochondrial membrane polarization in cancer cells. A dose-dependent absorption of ART was evidenced in HeLa cell pellets (15.2% of the applied amount at 50 μM), coupled to a marked increase in membrane fluidity, as indicate by the dose-dependent fluorescent Nile Red staining (red emissions). Our results validate the ART role as modulatory agent on cancer cell physiology, especially impacting viability, lipid metabolism, cell fluidity, and mitochondrial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; PlantaChem Srls, via Amico Canobio 4/6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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7
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Huang M, Koizumi A, Narita S, Nakanishi H, Sato H, Kashima S, Nara T, Kanda S, Numakura K, Saito M, Satoh S, Nanjo H, Sasaki T, Habuchi T. Altering phosphoinositides in high-fat diet-associated prostate tumor xenograft growth. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:756-764. [PMID: 34977875 PMCID: PMC8706770 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic reprogramming of phospholipids may affect intracellular signal transduction pathways. A high-fat diet (HFD) is attributed to prostate cancer (PCa) progression, but the expression pattern and role of phospholipids in HFD-mediated PCa progression remains unclear. In this study, HFD enhanced LNCaP xenograft tumor growth by upregulating the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. A lipidomic analysis using xenograft tumors showed that phosphoinositides, especially PI (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), including several species containing C38:4, C38:3, and C40:4 fatty acids, increased in the HFD group compared to control. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) was significantly upregulated in xenograft tumors under HFD in both gene and protein levels. PCa cell growth was significantly inhibited through the decreased AKT signaling pathway by treatment with cerulenin, a chemical FASN inhibitor, which also downregulated PIP, PIP2, and PIP3 but not PI. Thus, dietary fat influences PCa progression and alters phosphoinositides, especially PIP3, a critical player in the PI3K/AKT pathway. These results may offer appropriate targets, such as FASN, for dietary intervention and/or chemoprevention to reduce PCa incidence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingguo Huang
- Department of UrologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Atsushi Koizumi
- Department of UrologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Shintaro Narita
- Department of UrologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Hiroki Nakanishi
- Research Center for BiosignalAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Hiromi Sato
- Department of UrologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Soki Kashima
- Department of UrologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Taketoshi Nara
- Department of UrologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Sohei Kanda
- Department of UrologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Kazuyuki Numakura
- Department of UrologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of UrologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Shigeru Satoh
- Department of UrologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Nanjo
- Department of Clinical PathologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology/Lipid BiologyMedical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of UrologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
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8
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Rosa A, Isola R, Pollastro F, Caria P, Appendino G, Nieddu M. The dietary flavonoid eupatilin attenuates in vitro lipid peroxidation and targets lipid profile in cancer HeLa cells. Food Funct 2021; 11:5179-5191. [PMID: 32436500 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00777c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eupatilin is a dietary flavonoid isolated from the alpine wormwoods, used for the genepy liqueur production. This flavone protects cells and tissues against oxidative stress and targets cancer cells, inducing cytotoxicity, cell circle arrest, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study examines the EUP in vitro antioxidant effects on cholesterol and phospholipid membrane oxidation and explores its ability to modulate the cancer cell lipid profile. This flavone remarkably protected fatty acids and cholesterol against oxidative degradation by scavenging lipoperoxyl radicals. EUP (24 h of incubation) significantly reduced viability and modulated the total lipid and fatty acid profiles in cancer HeLa cells. It induced marked changes in the phospholipid/cholesterol ratio, significant decreases in the levels of oleic and palmitic acids and a marked increase of stearic acid, involving an inhibitory effect on de novo lipogenesis and desaturation in cancer cells. Moreover, a noteworthy mitochondrial membrane depolarization, signs of apoptosis, abnormal mitosis with multi-nucleation (mitotic catastrophe) and morphological alterations were observed in cancer EUP-treated cells. Our results validate the EUP role as antioxidant agent for the treatment/prevention of disorders implicating a membrane lipid oxidative damage and substantiate cell lipid metabolism as another possible target of this dietary natural flavonoid in cancer HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - R Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - F Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - P Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - G Appendino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - M Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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9
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Santarelli R, Pompili C, Gilardini Montani MS, Romeo MA, Gonnella R, D'Orazi G, Cirone M. Lovastatin reduces PEL cell survival by phosphorylating ERK1/2 that blocks the autophagic flux and engages a cross-talk with p53 to activate p21. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:968-977. [PMID: 33987937 PMCID: PMC8361952 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Statins are inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway that besides being cholesterol lowering agents, display anti‐cancer properties. This is because cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes but also because the mevalonate pathway controls protein farnesylation and geranylation, processes essential for the activity of GTPase family proteins. In this study, we found that Lovastatin exerted a dose‐ and time‐dependent cytotoxic effect against PEL cells, an aggressive B cell lymphoma strictly associated with the gammaherpesvirus KSHV and characterized by a poor response to conventional chemotherapies. At molecular level, Lovastatin by dephosphorylating STAT3, induced ERK1/2 activation that inhibited autophagy and phosphorylated p53ser15 that in turn maintained ERK1/2 activated and up‐regulated p21. However, p21 played a pro‐survival role in this setting, as its inhibition by UC2288 further reduced cell survival in PEL cells undergoing Lovastatin treatment. In conclusion, this study suggests that Lovastatin may represent a valid therapeutic alternative against PEL cells, especially if used in combination with p21 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Pompili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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10
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Cardoso HJ, Carvalho TMA, Fonseca LRS, Figueira MI, Vaz CV, Socorro S. Revisiting prostate cancer metabolism: From metabolites to disease and therapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1499-1538. [PMID: 33274768 DOI: 10.1002/med.21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, still presents important unmet clinical needs concerning treatment. In the last years, the metabolic reprogramming and the specificities of tumor cells emerged as an exciting field for cancer therapy. The unique features of PCa cells metabolism, and the activation of specific metabolic pathways, propelled the use of metabolic inhibitors for treatment. The present work revises the knowledge of PCa metabolism and the metabolic alterations that underlie the development and progression of the disease. A focus is given to the role of bioenergetic sources, namely, glucose, lipids, and glutamine sustaining PCa cell survival and growth. Moreover, it is described as the action of oncogenes/tumor suppressors and sex steroid hormones in the metabolic reprogramming of PCa. Finally, the status of PCa treatment based on the inhibition of metabolic pathways is presented. Globally, this review updates the landscape of PCa metabolism, highlighting the critical metabolic alterations that could have a clinical and therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago M A Carvalho
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lara R S Fonseca
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marília I Figueira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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11
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Huttanus HM, Senger RS. A synthetic biosensor to detect peroxisomal acetyl-CoA concentration for compartmentalized metabolic engineering. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9805. [PMID: 33194349 PMCID: PMC7485502 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sub-cellular compartmentalization is used by cells to create favorable microenvironments for various metabolic reactions. These compartments concentrate enzymes, separate competing metabolic reactions, and isolate toxic intermediates. Such advantages have been recently harnessed by metabolic engineers to improve the production of various high-value chemicals via compartmentalized metabolic engineering. However, measuring sub-cellular concentrations of key metabolites represents a grand challenge for compartmentalized metabolic engineering. Methods To this end, we developed a synthetic biosensor to measure a key metabolite, acetyl-CoA, in a representative compartment of yeast, the peroxisome. This synthetic biosensor uses enzyme re-localization via PTS1 signal peptides to construct a metabolic pathway in the peroxisome which converts acetyl-CoA to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) via three enzymes. The PHB is then quantified by HPLC. Results The biosensor demonstrated the difference in relative peroxisomal acetyl-CoA availability under various culture conditions and was also applied to screening a library of single knockout yeast mutants. The screening identified several mutants with drastically reduced peroxisomal acetyl-CoA and one with potentially increased levels. We expect our synthetic biosensors can be widely used to investigate sub-cellular metabolism and facilitate the “design-build-test” cycle of compartmentalized metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert M Huttanus
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Ryan S Senger
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
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12
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Di Bello E, Zwergel C, Mai A, Valente S. The Innovative Potential of Statins in Cancer: New Targets for New Therapies. Front Chem 2020; 8:516. [PMID: 32626692 PMCID: PMC7312214 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous and different types of cancers possess the dysregulation of the mevalonate pathway as a common feature. Statins, traditionally applied in cardiovascular diseases to reduce lipid levels, subsequently have been discovered to exhibit anti-cancer activities also. Indeed, statins influence proliferation, migration, and survival of cancer cells by regulating crucial signaling proteins, such as Rho, Ras, and Rac. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that simvastatin, fluvastatin, and lovastatin are implicated in different pathways that enhance the survival time of patients with cancer under treatment in combination with antineoplastic agents. In this minireview, we present an overview of the most important studies conducted regarding the use of statins in cancer therapy up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Bello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Metabolomic profiling to evaluate the efficacy of proxalutamide, a novel androgen receptor antagonist, in prostate cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1292-1302. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Zhang P, Schatz A, Adeyemi B, Kozminski D, Welsh J, Tenniswood M, Wang WLW. Vitamin D and testosterone co-ordinately modulate intracellular zinc levels and energy metabolism in prostate cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:248-258. [PMID: 30664926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 and its receptor are responsible for controlling energy expenditure in adipocytes and have direct roles in the transcriptional regulation of energy metabolic pathways. This phenomenon also has a significant impact on the etiology of prostate cancer (PCa). Using several in vitro models, the roles of vitamin D3 on energy metabolism and its implication in primary, early, and late invasive PCa were investigated. BODIPY staining and qPCR analyses show that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) up-regulates de novo lipogenesis in PCa cells by orchestrating transcriptional regulation that affects cholesterol and lipid metabolic pathways. This lipogenic effect is highly dependent on the interaction of several nuclear receptors and their corresponding ligands, including androgen receptor (AR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and retinoid X receptor (RXR). In contrast, inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) signaling blocks the induction of the lipogenic phenotype induced by these receptors. Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D3, T, and 9 cis-retinoic acid (9-cis RA) together redirect cytosolic citrate metabolism toward fatty acid synthesis by restoring normal prostatic zinc homeostasis that functions to truncate TCA cycle metabolism. 1,25(OH)2D3, T, and 9-cis RA also exert additional control of TCA cycle metabolism by down-regulating SLC25A19, which limits the availability of the co-factor thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) that is required for enzymatic catalyzation of citrate oxidation. This extensive metabolic reprogramming mediated by 1,25(OH)2D3, T, and 9-cis RA is preserved in all in vitro cell lines investigated. These data suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 and T are important regulators of normal prostatic energy metabolism. Based on the close association between energy metabolism and cancer progression, supplementation of vitamin D3 and testosterone can restrict the energy production that is required to drive PCa progression by maintaining proper zinc homeostasis and inhibiting TCA cycle activity in PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Adam Schatz
- Department of Urology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, United States
| | - Babatunde Adeyemi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, 12222, United States
| | - David Kozminski
- Department of Urology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, United States
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Cancer Research Center, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, United States
| | - Martin Tenniswood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, United States
| | - Wei-Lin Winnie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, United States.
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15
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Di Francesco S, Robuffo I, Caruso M, Giambuzzi G, Ferri D, Militello A, Toniato E. Metabolic Alterations, Aggressive Hormone-Naïve Prostate Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: A Complex Relationship. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55030062. [PMID: 30866568 PMCID: PMC6473682 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies suggest a possible relationship between metabolic alterations, cardiovascular disease and aggressive prostate cancer, however, no clear consensus has been reached. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the recent literature and summarize our experience on the association between metabolic disorders, aggressive hormone-naïve prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease. Method: We identified relevant papers by searching in electronic databases such as Scopus, Life Science Journals, and Index Medicus/Medline. Moreover, we showed our experience on the reciprocal relationship between metabolic alterations and aggressive prostate cancer, without the influence of hormone therapy, as well the role of coronary and carotid vasculopathy in advanced prostate carcinoma. Results: Prostate cancer cells have an altered metabolic homeostatic control linked to an increased aggressivity and cancer mortality. The absence of discrimination of risk factors as obesity, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and inaccurate selection of vascular diseases as coronary and carotid damage at initial diagnosis of prostate cancer could explain the opposite results in the literature. Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress associated with metabolic alterations and cardiovascular disease can also contribute to prostate cancer progression and increased tumor aggressivity. Conclusions: Metabolic alterations and cardiovascular disease influence aggressive and metastatic prostate cancer. Therefore, a careful evaluation of obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, systemic arterial hypertension, together with a careful evaluation of cardiovascular status, in particular coronary and carotid vascular disease, should be carried out after an initial diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Di Francesco
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Urological, Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Federiciana University, 87100 Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Iole Robuffo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Section of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marika Caruso
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Urological, Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Federiciana University, 87100 Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Giulia Giambuzzi
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Deborah Ferri
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Andrea Militello
- Department of Urological, Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Federiciana University, 87100 Cosenza, Italy.
- Urology and Andrology Section, Villa Immacolata Hospital, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Elena Toniato
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Xu L, Chen J, Liu W, Liang C, Hu H, Huang J. Targeting androgen receptor-independent pathways in therapy-resistant prostate cancer. Asian J Urol 2019; 6:91-98. [PMID: 30775252 PMCID: PMC6363598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since androgen receptor (AR) signaling is critically required for the development of prostate cancer (PCa), targeting AR axis has been the standard treatment of choice for advanced and metastatic PCa. Unfortunately, although the tumor initially responds to the therapy, treatment resistance eventually develops and the disease will progress. It is therefore imperative to identify the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance and novel molecular targets that are independent of AR signaling. Recent advances in pathology, molecular biology, genetics and genomics research have revealed novel AR-independent pathways that contribute to PCa carcinogenesis and progression. They include neuroendocrine differentiation, cell metabolism, DNA damage repair pathways and immune-mediated mechanisms. The development of novel agents targeting the non-AR mechanisms holds great promise to treat PCa that does not respond to AR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Inhibition of de novo lipogenesis targets androgen receptor signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 116:631-640. [PMID: 30578319 PMCID: PMC6329966 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808834116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard of care for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) mainly relies on suppression of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. This approach has no lasting benefit due to the emergence of resistance mechanisms, such as ligand-independent splicing variant AR-V7. A metabolic feature of mCRPC is the upregulation of de novo lipogenesis to provide substrates and fuel for metastatic spread. Whether increased levels of fats affect AR signaling to promote an aggressive disease remains to be determined. Using a selective and potent inhibitor of fatty acid synthase we demonstrate that suppression of this key enzyme inhibits AR, most importantly AR-V7, and reduces mCRPC growth. Our findings offer a therapeutic opportunity for mCRPC and a potential mechanism to overcome resistance to AR inhibitors. A hallmark of prostate cancer progression is dysregulation of lipid metabolism via overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) develops resistance to inhibitors of androgen receptor (AR) signaling through a variety of mechanisms, including the emergence of the constitutively active AR variant V7 (AR-V7). Here, we developed an FASN inhibitor (IPI-9119) and demonstrated that selective FASN inhibition antagonizes CRPC growth through metabolic reprogramming and results in reduced protein expression and transcriptional activity of both full-length AR (AR-FL) and AR-V7. Activation of the reticulum endoplasmic stress response resulting in reduced protein synthesis was involved in IPI-9119–mediated inhibition of the AR pathway. In vivo, IPI-9119 reduced growth of AR-V7–driven CRPC xenografts and human mCRPC-derived organoids and enhanced the efficacy of enzalutamide in CRPC cells. In human mCRPC, both FASN and AR-FL were detected in 87% of metastases. AR-V7 was found in 39% of bone metastases and consistently coexpressed with FASN. In patients treated with enzalutamide and/or abiraterone FASN/AR-V7 double-positive metastases were found in 77% of cases. These findings provide a compelling rationale for the use of FASN inhibitors in mCRPCs, including those overexpressing AR-V7.
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18
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Galbraith L, Leung HY, Ahmad I. Lipid pathway deregulation in advanced prostate cancer. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:177-184. [PMID: 29466694 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The link between prostate cancer (PC) development and lipid metabolism is well established, with AR intimately involved in a number of lipogenic processes involving SREBP1, PPARG, FASN, ACC, ACLY and SCD1. Recently, there is growing evidence implicating the role of obesity and peri-prostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) in PC aggressiveness and related mortality, suggesting the importance of lipid pathways in both localised and disseminated disease. A number of promising agents are in development to target the lipogenic axis in PC, and the likelihood is that these agents will form part of combination drug strategies, with targeting of multiple metabolic pathways (e.g. FASN and CPT1), or in combination with AR pathway inhibitors (SCD1 and AR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Galbraith
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Hing Y Leung
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Imran Ahmad
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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19
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Cui Y, Xing P, Wang Y, Liu M, Qiu L, Ying G, Li B. NADPH accumulation is responsible for apoptosis in breast cancer cells induced by fatty acid synthase inhibition. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32576-32585. [PMID: 28427229 PMCID: PMC5464810 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FAS), as a key enzyme involved in de novo lipogenesis, is highly expressed in many cancers. FAS inhibition induces cell death in vivo and in vitro, rendering FAS as an attractive target for cancer therapy, but the defined mechanism is still not well understood. Herein, we confirmed that FAS was highly expressed in breast cancers and FAS inhibition by its inhibitors or knockdown induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Our results showed that a significantly high level of reactive oxygen species was induced but not responsible for apoptosis in breast cancer cells by FAS inhibition. Instead, NADPH accumulation resulting from FAS inhibition was found to stimulate NADPH oxidase to generate reactive oxygen species and highly associated with apoptosis induction. Suppression of NADPH oxidase almost totally blocked reactive oxygen species generation while significantly potentiated the in vitro and in vivo killing of breast cancers by FAS inhibition. Taken together, these data suggest that FAS plays a critical role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and its inhibition leads to NADPH accumulation-mediated apoptosis. Our finding may provide new insights into cancer metabolism and aid in designing effective anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Cui
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Pan Xing
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Binghui Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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20
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Marín de Mas I, Aguilar E, Zodda E, Balcells C, Marin S, Dallmann G, Thomson TM, Papp B, Cascante M. Model-driven discovery of long-chain fatty acid metabolic reprogramming in heterogeneous prostate cancer cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1005914. [PMID: 29293497 PMCID: PMC5766231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition promotes intra-tumoral heterogeneity, by enhancing tumor cell invasiveness and promoting drug resistance. We integrated transcriptomic data for two clonal subpopulations from a prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) into a genome-scale metabolic network model to explore their metabolic differences and potential vulnerabilities. In this dual cell model, PC-3/S cells express Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition markers and display high invasiveness and low metastatic potential, while PC-3/M cells present the opposite phenotype and higher proliferative rate. Model-driven analysis and experimental validations unveiled a marked metabolic reprogramming in long-chain fatty acids metabolism. While PC-3/M cells showed an enhanced entry of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, PC-3/S cells used long-chain fatty acids as precursors of eicosanoid metabolism. We suggest that this metabolic reprogramming endows PC-3/M cells with augmented energy metabolism for fast proliferation and PC-3/S cells with increased eicosanoid production impacting angiogenesis, cell adhesion and invasion. PC-3/S metabolism also promotes the accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid, a long-chain fatty acid with antiproliferative effects. The potential therapeutic significance of our model was supported by a differential sensitivity of PC-3/M cells to etomoxir, an inhibitor of long-chain fatty acid transport to the mitochondria. The coexistence within the same tumor of a variety of subpopulations, featuring different phenotypes (intra-tumoral heterogeneity) represents a challenge for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapies. In this work, we have explored the metabolic differences underlying tumor heterogeneity by building cell-type-specific genome-scale metabolic models that integrate transcriptome and metabolome data of two clonal subpopulations derived from the same prostate cancer cell line (PC-3). These subpopulations display either highly proliferative, cancer stem cell (PC-3/M) or highly invasive, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition-like phenotypes (PC-3/S). Our model-driven analysis and experimental validations have unveiled a differential utilization of the long-chain fatty acids pool in both subpopulations. More specifically, our findings show an enhanced entry of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria in PC-3/M cells, while in PC-3/S cells, long-chain fatty acids are used as precursors of eicosanoid metabolism. The different utilization of long-chain fatty acids between subpopulations endows PC-3/M cells with a highly proliferative phenotype while enhances PC-3/S invasive phenotype. The present work provides a tool to unveil key metabolic nodes associated with tumor heterogeneity and highlights potential subpopulation-specific targets with important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Marín de Mas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit with CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Esther Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit with CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erika Zodda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit with CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Barcelona Institute for Molecular Biology (IBMB), National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Balcells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit with CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit with CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Timothy M. Thomson
- Department of Cell Biology, Barcelona Institute for Molecular Biology (IBMB), National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Balázs Papp
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail: (BP); (MC)
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit with CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (BP); (MC)
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21
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Chaiswing L, Weiss HL, Jayswal RD, St. Clair DK, Kyprianou N. Profiles of Radioresistance Mechanisms in Prostate Cancer. Crit Rev Oncog 2018; 23:39-67. [PMID: 29953367 PMCID: PMC6231577 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2018025946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used for the treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa). However, cancer cells often develop resistance to radiation through unknown mechanisms and pose an intractable challenge. Radiation resistance is highly unpredictable, rendering the treatment less effective in many patients and frequently causing metastasis and cancer recurrence. Understanding the molecular events that cause radioresistance in PCa will enable us to develop adjuvant treatments for enhancing the efficacy of RT. Radioresistant PCa depends on the elevated DNA repair system and the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to proliferate, self-renew, and scavenge anti-cancer regimens, whereas the elevated heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enable radioresistant PCa cells to metastasize after exposure to radiation. The up-regulation of the DNA repairing system, ROS, HSP90, and EMT effectors has been studied extensively, but not targeted by adjuvant therapy of radioresistant PCa. Here, we emphasize the effects of ionizing radiation and the mechanisms driving the emergence of radioresistant PCa. We also address the markers of radioresistance, the gene signatures for the predictive response to radiotherapy, and novel therapeutic platforms for targeting radioresistant PCa. This review provides significant insights into enhancing the current knowledge and the understanding toward optimization of these markers for the treatment of radioresistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi L. Weiss
- The Markey Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility
| | - Rani D. Jayswal
- The Markey Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility
| | | | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology
- Department of Urology
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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22
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Stepanova DS, Semenova G, Kuo YM, Andrews AJ, Ammoun S, Hanemann CO, Chernoff J. An Essential Role for the Tumor-Suppressor Merlin in Regulating Fatty Acid Synthesis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5026-5038. [PMID: 28729415 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of multiple tumors in the central nervous system, most notably schwannomas, and meningiomas. Mutational inactivation of the NF2 gene encoding the protein Merlin is found in most sporadic and inherited schwannomas, but the molecular mechanisms underlying neoplastic changes in schwannoma cells remain unclear. We report here that Nf2-deficient cells display elevated expression levels of key enzymes involved in lipogenesis and that this upregulation is caused by increased activity of Torc1. Inhibition or knockdown of fatty acid synthase (FASN), the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of palmitic acid from malonyl-CoA, drove NF2-deficient cells into apoptosis. Treatment of NF2-mutant cells with agents that inhibit the production of malonyl-CoA reduced their sensitivity to FASN inhibitors. Collectively, these results suggest that the altered lipid metabolism found in NF2-mutant cells renders them sensitive to elevated levels of malonyl-CoA, as occurs following blockade of FASN, suggesting new targeted strategies in the treatment of NF2-deficient tumors. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5026-38. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina S Stepanova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Semenova
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J Andrews
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sylwia Ammoun
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - C Oliver Hanemann
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Chernoff
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Valentino A, Calarco A, Di Salle A, Finicelli M, Crispi S, Calogero RA, Riccardo F, Sciarra A, Gentilucci A, Galderisi U, Margarucci S, Peluso G. Deregulation of MicroRNAs mediated control of carnitine cycle in prostate cancer: molecular basis and pathophysiological consequences. Oncogene 2017; 36:6030-6040. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Guo J, Kim NH, Cui XS. Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthase Reduces Blastocyst Hatching through Regulation of the AKT Pathway in Pigs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170624. [PMID: 28107461 PMCID: PMC5249155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is an enzyme responsible for the de novo synthesis of long-chain fatty acids. During oncogenesis, FASN plays a role in growth and survival rather than acting within the energy storage pathways. Here, the function of FASN during early embryonic development was studied using its specific inhibitor, C75. We found that the presence of the inhibitor reduced blastocyst hatching. FASN inhibition decreased Cpt1 expression, leading to a reduction in mitochondria numbers and ATP content. This inhibition of FASN resulted in the down-regulation of the AKT pathway, thereby triggering apoptosis through the activation of the p53 pathway. Activation of the apoptotic pathway also leads to increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and autophagy. In addition, the FASN inhibitor impaired cell proliferation, a parameter of blastocyst quality for outgrowth. The level of OCT4, an important factor in embryonic development, decreased after treatment with the FASN inhibitor. These results show that FASN exerts an effect on early embryonic development by regulating both fatty acid oxidation and the AKT pathway in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (X-SC); (N-HK)
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (X-SC); (N-HK)
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25
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Kim HE, Grant AR, Simic MS, Kohnz RA, Nomura DK, Durieux J, Riera CE, Sanchez M, Kapernick E, Wolff S, Dillin A. Lipid Biosynthesis Coordinates a Mitochondrial-to-Cytosolic Stress Response. Cell 2016; 166:1539-1552.e16. [PMID: 27610574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial metabolism have been increasingly linked with age-onset protein-misfolding diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. In response to protein-folding stress, compartment-specific unfolded protein responses (UPRs) within the ER, mitochondria, and cytosol work in parallel to ensure cellular protein homeostasis. While perturbation of individual compartments can make other compartments more susceptible to protein stress, the cellular conditions that trigger cross-communication between the individual UPRs remain poorly understood. We have uncovered a conserved, robust mechanism linking mitochondrial protein homeostasis and the cytosolic folding environment through changes in lipid homeostasis. Metabolic restructuring caused by mitochondrial stress or small-molecule activators trigger changes in gene expression coordinated uniquely by both the mitochondrial and cytosolic UPRs, protecting the cell from disease-associated proteins. Our data suggest an intricate and unique system of communication between UPRs in response to metabolic changes that could unveil new targets for diseases of protein misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Eui Kim
- Glenn Center for Research on Aging, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ana Rodrigues Grant
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Milos S Simic
- Glenn Center for Research on Aging, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rebecca A Kohnz
- Departments of Chemistry and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jenni Durieux
- Glenn Center for Research on Aging, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Celine E Riera
- Glenn Center for Research on Aging, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Melissa Sanchez
- Glenn Center for Research on Aging, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Erik Kapernick
- Glenn Center for Research on Aging, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Suzanne Wolff
- Glenn Center for Research on Aging, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Glenn Center for Research on Aging, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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26
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Angeles TS, Hudkins RL. Recent advances in targeting the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway using fatty acid synthase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:1187-1199. [PMID: 27701891 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1245286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated lipogenesis has been associated with a variety of diseases including obesity, cancer and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fatty acid synthase (FASN) plays a pivotal role in de novo lipogenesis, making this multi-catalytic protein an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Recently, the first FASN inhibitor successfully advanced through the drug development process and entered clinical evaluation in oncology. Areas covered: This review discusses the biological roles of FASN in three prominent disease areas: cancer, obesity-related disorders and NAFLD. Recent advances in drug discovery strategies and design of newer FASN inhibitors are also highlighted. Expert opinion: Despite the abundance of evidence linking the lipogenic pathway to cancer, progression of FASN-targeted molecules has been rather slow and challenging and no compounds have moved past the preclinical phase. The landscape has recently changed with the recent advancement of the first FASN inhibitor into clinical evaluation for solid tumors. Needless to say, the successful translation into the clinical setting will open opportunities for expanding the therapeutic utility of FASN inhibitors not just in oncology but in other diseases associated with elevated lipogenesis such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma S Angeles
- a Discovery and Product Development , Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc ., West Chester , PA , USA
| | - Robert L Hudkins
- a Discovery and Product Development , Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc ., West Chester , PA , USA
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27
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Luo J, Hong Y, Tao X, Wei X, Zhang L, Li Q. An indispensable role of CPT-1a to survive cancer cells during energy stress through rewiring cancer metabolism. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5382-6. [PMID: 27739027 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike normal cells, cancer cells are recently identified to rely on aerobic glycolysis for energy production called the Warburg effect. Several attempts are being made to target this metabolic reprogramming pathway in treating cancers; however, the successful rate is very limited. In this study, we investigated the functional roles of fatty acid oxidation key enzyme carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a (CPT-1a), during the metabolic programming of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells induced by glucose deprivation. Knockdown of CPT-1a decreased the intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and glutathione (GSH) generation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induced sensitivity to glucose deprivation, whereas upregulation of CPT-1a increased the intracellular ATP required for cell survival. Further investigation showed that CPT-1a inhibitor etomoxir (ETO) can restore the sensitivity of PDAC cells to gemcitabine and regress xenograft tumors in vivo. Finally, overexpression of CPT-1a expression is associated with chemoresistance in tumor specimens. Our data suggest that CPT-1a plays a key role in reprogramming cancer metabolism to escape from energy stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Luo
- The Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yun Hong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Xiaoan Tao
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Xi Wei
- The Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Lun Zhang
- The Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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28
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Butler LM, Centenera MM, Swinnen JV. Androgen control of lipid metabolism in prostate cancer: novel insights and future applications. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:R219-27. [PMID: 27130044 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the most typical hallmarks of prostate cancer cells is their exquisite dependence on androgens, which is the basis of the widely applied androgen deprivation therapy. Among the variety of key cellular processes and functions that are regulated by androgens, lipid metabolism stands out by its complex regulation and its many intricate links with cancer cell biology. Here, we review our current knowledge on the links between androgens and lipid metabolism in prostate cancer, and highlight recent developments and insights into the links between key oncogenic stimuli and altered lipid synthesis and/or uptake that may hold significant potential for biomarker development and provide new vulnerabilities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Butler
- School of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Margaret M Centenera
- School of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and CancerDepartment of Oncology, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Loubière C, Goiran T, Laurent K, Djabari Z, Tanti JF, Bost F. Metformin-induced energy deficiency leads to the inhibition of lipogenesis in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15652-61. [PMID: 26002551 PMCID: PMC4558177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of lipid metabolism is a hallmark of tumor cells, and elevated lipogenesis has been reported in prostate cancer. Metformin, a drug commonly prescribed for type II diabetes, displays antitumor properties. Here, we show that metformin inhibits lipogenesis in several prostate cancer cell lines. In LNCaP cells, this effect parallels the decrease of key lipogenic proteins: ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase), FASN (fatty acid synthase) and SREBP1c (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c), whereas there is no modification in DU145 and PC3 cells. Despite the relatively high level of lipogenic proteins induced by the overexpression of a constitutively active form of SREBP1c or treatment with androgens, metformin is still able to inhibit lipogenesis. Metformin does not alter the concentration of malonyl-CoA (the fatty acid precursor), and it only slightly decreases the NADPH levels, which is a co-factor required for lipogenesis, in LNCaP. Finally, we show that the inhibitory effect of metformin on lipogenesis is primarily due to a cellular energy deficit. Metformin decreases ATP in a dose-dependent manner, and this diminution is significantly correlated with the inhibition of lipogenesis in LNCaP and DU145. Indeed, the effect of metformin is linked to changes in the ATP content rather than the regulation of protein expression. Our results describe a new mechanism of action for metformin on prostate cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Loubière
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Diabetes and Obesity, Nice 06200, France.,University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice 06200, France
| | - Thomas Goiran
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Diabetes and Obesity, Nice 06200, France.,University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice 06200, France
| | - Kathiane Laurent
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Diabetes and Obesity, Nice 06200, France.,University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice 06200, France
| | - Zied Djabari
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Diabetes and Obesity, Nice 06200, France.,University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice 06200, France
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Diabetes and Obesity, Nice 06200, France.,University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice 06200, France
| | - Frédéric Bost
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Diabetes and Obesity, Nice 06200, France.,University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice 06200, France
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30
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Lloyd SM, Arnold J, Sreekumar A. Metabolomic profiling of hormone-dependent cancers: a bird's eye view. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:477-85. [PMID: 26242817 PMCID: PMC4560106 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hormone-dependent cancers present a significant public health challenge, because they are among the most common cancers in the world. One factor associated with cancer development and progression is metabolic reprogramming. By understanding these alterations, we can identify potential markers and novel biochemical therapeutic targets. Metabolic profiling is an advanced technology that allows investigators to assess low-molecular-weight compounds that reflect physiological alterations. Current research in metabolomics on prostate (PCa) and breast cancer (BCa) have made great strides in uncovering specific metabolic pathways that are associated with cancer development, progression, and resistance. In this review, we highlight some of the major findings and potential therapeutic advances that have been reported utilizing this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M Lloyd
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James Arnold
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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31
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Nambiar DK, Deep G, Singh RP, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Silibinin inhibits aberrant lipid metabolism, proliferation and emergence of androgen-independence in prostate cancer cells via primarily targeting the sterol response element binding protein 1. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10017-33. [PMID: 25294820 PMCID: PMC4259402 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCA) kills thousands of men every year, demanding additional approaches to better understand and target this malignancy. Recently, critical role of aberrant lipogenesis is highlighted in prostate carcinogenesis, offering a unique opportunity to target it to reduce PCA. Here, we evaluated efficacy and associated mechanisms of silibinin in inhibiting lipid metabolism in PCA cells. At physiologically achievable levels in human, silibinin strongly reduced lipid and cholesterol accumulation specifically in human PCA cells but not in non-neoplastic prostate epithelial PWR-1E cells. Silibinin also decreased nuclear protein levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and 2 (SREBP1/2) and their target genes only in PCA cells. Mechanistically, silibinin activated AMPK, thereby increasing SREBP1 phosphorylation and inhibiting its nuclear translocation; AMPK inhibition reversed silibinin-mediated decrease in nuclear SREBP1 and lipid accumulation. Additionally, specific SREBP inhibitor fatostatin and stable overexpression of SREBP1 further confirmed the central role of SREBP1 in silibinin-mediated inhibition of PCA cell proliferation and lipid accumulation and cell cycle arrest. Importantly, silibinin also inhibited synthetic androgen R1881-induced lipid accumulation and completely abrogated the development of androgen-independent LNCaP cell clones via targeting SREBP1/2. Together, these mechanistic studies suggest that silibinin would be effective against PCA by targeting critical aberrant lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya K Nambiar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rana P Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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32
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Impheng H, Richert L, Pekthong D, Scholfield CN, Pongcharoen S, Pungpetchara I, Srisawang P. [6]-Gingerol inhibits de novo fatty acid synthesis and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 activity which triggers apoptosis in HepG2. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:1319-1336. [PMID: 26101700 PMCID: PMC4473313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The de novo fatty acid synthesis catalyzed by key lipogenic enzymes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN) has emerged as one of the novel targets of anti-cancer approaches. The present study explored the possible inhibitory efficacy of [6]-gingerol on de novo fatty acid synthesis associated with mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic induction in HepG2 cells. We observed a dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential accompanied by a reduction of fatty acid levels. [6]-gingerol administration manifested inhibition of FASN expression, indicating FASN is a major target of [6]-gingerol inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Indeed, we found that increased ROS generation could likely be a mediator of the anti-cancer effect of [6]-gingerol. A reduction of fatty acid levels and induction of apoptosis were restored by inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity, suggesting an accumulation of malonyl-CoA level could be the major cause of apoptotic induction of [6]-gingerol in HepG2 cells. The present study also showed that depletion of fatty acid following [6]-gingerol treatment caused an inhibitory effect on carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 activity (CPT-1), whereas C75 augmented CPT-1 activity, indicating that [6]-gingerol exhibits the therapeutic benefit on suppression of fatty acid β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hathaichanok Impheng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand 65000
| | - Lysiane Richert
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Franche-ComtéBesançon, France
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand 6500
| | - C Norman Scholfield
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand 65000
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand 65000
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology (CEMB), Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand 65000
| | - Ittipon Pungpetchara
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand 65000
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand 65000
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33
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Lalonde E, Ishkanian AS, Sykes J, Fraser M, Ross-Adams H, Erho N, Dunning MJ, Halim S, Lamb AD, Moon NC, Zafarana G, Warren AY, Meng X, Thoms J, Grzadkowski MR, Berlin A, Have CL, Ramnarine VR, Yao CQ, Malloff CA, Lam LL, Xie H, Harding NJ, Mak DYF, Chu KC, Chong LC, Sendorek DH, P'ng C, Collins CC, Squire JA, Jurisica I, Cooper C, Eeles R, Pintilie M, Dal Pra A, Davicioni E, Lam WL, Milosevic M, Neal DE, van der Kwast T, Boutros PC, Bristow RG. Tumour genomic and microenvironmental heterogeneity for integrated prediction of 5-year biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15:1521-1532. [PMID: 25456371 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(14)71021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical prognostic groupings for localised prostate cancers are imprecise, with 30-50% of patients recurring after image-guided radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy. We aimed to test combined genomic and microenvironmental indices in prostate cancer to improve risk stratification and complement clinical prognostic factors. METHODS We used DNA-based indices alone or in combination with intra-prostatic hypoxia measurements to develop four prognostic indices in 126 low-risk to intermediate-risk patients (Toronto cohort) who will receive image-guided radiotherapy. We validated these indices in two independent cohorts of 154 (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center cohort [MSKCC] cohort) and 117 (Cambridge cohort) radical prostatectomy specimens from low-risk to high-risk patients. We applied unsupervised and supervised machine learning techniques to the copy-number profiles of 126 pre-image-guided radiotherapy diagnostic biopsies to develop prognostic signatures. Our primary endpoint was the development of a set of prognostic measures capable of stratifying patients for risk of biochemical relapse 5 years after primary treatment. FINDINGS Biochemical relapse was associated with indices of tumour hypoxia, genomic instability, and genomic subtypes based on multivariate analyses. We identified four genomic subtypes for prostate cancer, which had different 5-year biochemical relapse-free survival. Genomic instability is prognostic for relapse in both image-guided radiotherapy (multivariate analysis hazard ratio [HR] 4·5 [95% CI 2·1-9·8]; p=0·00013; area under the receiver operator curve [AUC] 0·70 [95% CI 0·65-0·76]) and radical prostatectomy (4·0 [1·6-9·7]; p=0·0024; AUC 0·57 [0·52-0·61]) patients with prostate cancer, and its effect is magnified by intratumoral hypoxia (3·8 [1·2-12]; p=0·019; AUC 0·67 [0·61-0·73]). A novel 100-loci DNA signature accurately classified treatment outcome in the MSKCC low-risk to intermediate-risk cohort (multivariate analysis HR 6·1 [95% CI 2·0-19]; p=0·0015; AUC 0·74 [95% CI 0·65-0·83]). In the independent MSKCC and Cambridge cohorts, this signature identified low-risk to high-risk patients who were most likely to fail treatment within 18 months (combined cohorts multivariate analysis HR 2·9 [95% CI 1·4-6·0]; p=0·0039; AUC 0·68 [95% CI 0·63-0·73]), and was better at predicting biochemical relapse than 23 previously published RNA signatures. INTERPRETATION This is the first study of cancer outcome to integrate DNA-based and microenvironment-based failure indices to predict patient outcome. Patients exhibiting these aggressive features after biopsy should be entered into treatment intensification trials. FUNDING Movember Foundation, Prostate Cancer Canada, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Canadian Institute for Health Research, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Cancer Charity, Prostate Cancer UK, Hutchison Whampoa Limited, Terry Fox Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Foundation, PMH-Radiation Medicine Program Academic Enrichment Fund, Motorcycle Ride for Dad (Durham), Canadian Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lalonde
- Informatics and Bio-Computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian S Ishkanian
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Jenna Sykes
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Fraser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helen Ross-Adams
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas Erho
- Research and Development, GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark J Dunning
- Bioinformatics Core, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Halim
- Bioinformatics Core, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alastair D Lamb
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Urology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathalie C Moon
- Informatics and Bio-Computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gaetano Zafarana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xianyue Meng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Thoms
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michal R Grzadkowski
- Informatics and Bio-Computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alejandro Berlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cherry L Have
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Varune R Ramnarine
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cindy Q Yao
- Informatics and Bio-Computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chad A Malloff
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucia L Lam
- Research and Development, GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Honglei Xie
- Informatics and Bio-Computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Harding
- Informatics and Bio-Computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Denise Y F Mak
- Informatics and Bio-Computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth C Chu
- Informatics and Bio-Computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren C Chong
- Informatics and Bio-Computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dorota H Sendorek
- Informatics and Bio-Computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine P'ng
- Informatics and Bio-Computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin C Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Squire
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Cooper
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK; Department of Biological Sciences and School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK; Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Melania Pintilie
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Dal Pra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elai Davicioni
- Research and Development, GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Milosevic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David E Neal
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Urology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Theodorus van der Kwast
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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34
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Impheng H, Pongcharoen S, Richert L, Pekthong D, Srisawang P. The selective target of capsaicin on FASN expression and de novo fatty acid synthesis mediated through ROS generation triggers apoptosis in HepG2 cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107842. [PMID: 25255125 PMCID: PMC4177889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of the mammalian de novo synthesis of long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCFAs) by blocking the fatty acid synthase (FASN) enzyme activity in tumor cells that overexpress FASN can promote apoptosis, without apparent cytotoxic to non-tumor cells. The present study aimed to focus on the potent inhibitory effect of capsaicin on the fatty acid synthesis pathway inducing apoptosis of capsaicin in HepG2 cells. The use of capsaicin as a source for a new FASN inhibitor will provide new insight into its possible application as a selective anti-cancer therapy. The present findings showed that capsaicin promoted apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. The onset of apoptosis was correlated with a dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Apoptotic induction by capsaicin was mediated by inhibition of FASN protein expression which was accompanied by decreasing its activity on the de novo fatty acid synthesis. The expression of FASN was higher in HepG2 cells than in normal hepatocytes that were resistant to undergoing apoptosis following capsaicin administration. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of capsaicin on FASN expression and activity was found to be mediated by an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Treatment of HepG2 cells with capsaicin failed to alter ACC and ACLY protein expression, suggesting ACC and ACLY might not be the specific targets of capsaicin to induce apoptosis. An accumulation of malonyl-CoA level following FASN inhibition represented a major cause of mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic induction instead of deprivation of fatty acid per se. Here, we also obtained similar results with C75 that exhibited apoptosis induction by reducing the levels of fatty acid without any change in the abundance of FASN expression along with increasing ROS production. Collectively, our results provide novel evidence that capsaicin exhibits a potent anti-cancer property by targeting FASN protein in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hathaichanok Impheng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Lysiane Richert
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (DP); (PS)
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (DP); (PS)
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