1
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Scimeca M, Bischof J, Bonfiglio R, Nale E, Iacovelli V, Carilli M, Vittori M, Agostini M, Rovella V, Servadei F, Giacobbi E, Candi E, Shi Y, Melino G, Mauriello A, Bove P. Molecular profiling of a bladder cancer with very high tumour mutational burden. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:202. [PMID: 38688924 PMCID: PMC11061316 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of urothelial bladder cancer is a notable global concern, as evidenced by the epidemiological data in terms of frequency, distribution, as well as mortality rates. Although numerous molecular alterations have been linked to the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer, currently there is a limited knowledge on the molecular signature able of accurately predicting clinical outcomes. In this report, we present a case of a pT3b high-grade infiltrating urothelial carcinoma with areas of squamous differentiation characterized by very high tumor mutational burden (TMB), with up-regulations of immune checkpoints. The high TMB, along with elevated expressions of PD-L1, PD-L2, and PD1, underscores the rationale for developing a personalized immunotherapy focused on the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Additionally, molecular analysis revealed somatic mutations in several other cancer-related genes, including TP53, TP63 and NOTCH3. Mutations of TP53 and TP63 genes provide mechanistic insights on the molecular mechanisms underlying disease development and progression. Notably, the above-mentioned mutations and the elevated hypoxia score make the targeting of p53 and/or hypoxia related pathways a plausible personalized medicine option for this bladder cancer, particularly in combination with immunotherapy. Our data suggest a requirement for molecular profiling in bladder cancer to possibly select appropriate immune-checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Julia Bischof
- Indivumed GmbH, Falkenried, 88 Building D, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rita Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Nale
- Indivumed GmbH, Falkenried, 88 Building D, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valerio Iacovelli
- Urology Unit San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, GVM Care, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Carilli
- Urology Unit San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, GVM Care, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Vittori
- Urology Unit San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, GVM Care, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Servadei
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Giacobbi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Urology Unit San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, GVM Care, 00100, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Li HM, Li X, Xia R, Zhang X, Jin TZ, Zhang HS. PHGDH knockdown increases sensitivity to SR1, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, in colorectal cancer by activating the autophagy pathway. FEBS J 2024; 291:1780-1794. [PMID: 38317509 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has emerged as the third most prevalent and second deadliest cancer worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming is a key hallmark of cancer cells. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is over-expressed in multiple cancers, including CRC. Although the role of PHGDH in metabolism has been extensively investigated, its effects on CRC development remains to be elucidated. In the present study, it was demonstrated that PHGDH expression was significantly up-regulated in colorectal cancer. PHGDH expression was positively correlated with that of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its target genes, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, in CRC cells. Knockdown of PHGDH reduced AhR levels and activity, as well as the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. The selective AhR antagonist stemregenin 1 induced cell death through reactive oxygen species-dependent autophagy in CRC cells. PHGDH knockdown induced CRC cell sensitivity to stemregenin 1 via the autophagy pathway. Our findings suggest that PHGDH modulates AhR signaling and the redox-dependent autophagy pathway in CRC, and that the combination of inhibition of both PHGDH and AhR may be a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xia
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tong-Zhao Jin
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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3
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Scimeca M, Rovella V, Caporali S, Shi Y, Bischof J, Woodsmith J, Tisone G, Sica G, Amelio I, Melino G, Mauriello A, Bove P. Genetically driven predisposition leads to an unusually genomic unstable renal cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:80. [PMID: 38512353 PMCID: PMC10957849 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma originates from the lining of the proximal convoluted renal tubule and represents the most common type of kidney cancer. Risk factors and comorbidities might be associated to renal cell carcinoma, while a small fraction of 2-3% emerges from patients with predisposing cancer syndromes, typically associated to hereditary mutations in VHL, folliculin, fumarate hydratase or MET genes. Here, we report a case of renal cell carcinoma in patient with concurrent germline mutations in BRCA1 and RAD51 genes. This case displays an unusual high mutational burden and chromosomal aberrations compared to the typical profile of renal cell carcinoma. Mutational analysis on whole genome sequencing revealed an enrichment of the MMR2 mutational signature, which is indicative of impaired DNA repair capacity. Overall, the tumor displayed a profile of unusual high genomic instability which suggests a possible origin from germline predisposing mutations in the DNA repair genes BRCA1 and RAD51. While BRCA1 and RAD51 germline mutations are well-characterised in breast and ovarian cancer, their role in renal cell carcinoma is still largely unexplored. The genomic instability detected in this case of renal cell carcinoma, along with the presence of unusual mutations, might offer support to clinicians for the development of patient-tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Caporali
- Division for Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Julia Bischof
- Indivumed GmbH, Falkenried, 88 Building D, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Giuseppe Tisone
- Department of Surgery, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sica
- Department of Surgery, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Division for Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Department of Surgery, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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4
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Li X, Peng X, Li Y, Wei S, He G, Liu J, Li X, Yang S, Li D, Lin W, Fang J, Yang L, Li H. Glutamine addiction in tumor cell: oncogene regulation and clinical treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:12. [PMID: 38172980 PMCID: PMC10763057 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
After undergoing metabolic reprogramming, tumor cells consume additional glutamine to produce amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, and other substances to facilitate their unlimited proliferation. As such, the metabolism of glutamine is intricately linked to the survival and progression of cancer cells. Consequently, targeting the glutamine metabolism presents a promising strategy to inhibit growth of tumor cell and cancer development. This review describes glutamine uptake, metabolism, and transport in tumor cells and its pivotal role in biosynthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides, and more. Furthermore, we have also summarized the impact of oncogenes like C-MYC, KRAS, HIF, and p53 on the regulation of glutamine metabolism and the mechanisms through which glutamine triggers mTORC1 activation. In addition, role of different anti-cancer agents in targeting glutamine metabolism has been described and their prospective applications are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Guangpeng He
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Weikai Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jianjun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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5
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Kang H, Kim B, Park J, Youn H, Youn B. The Warburg effect on radioresistance: Survival beyond growth. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188988. [PMID: 37726064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The Warburg effect is a phenomenon in which cancer cells rely primarily on glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation, even in the presence of oxygen. Although evidence of its involvement in cell proliferation has been discovered, the advantages of the Warburg effect in cancer cell survival under treatment have not been fully elucidated. In recent years, the metabolic characteristics of radioresistant cancer cells have been evaluated, enabling an extension of the original concept of the Warburg effect. In this review, we focused on the role of the Warburg effect in redox homeostasis and DNA damage repair, two critical factors contributing to radioresistance. In addition, we highlighted the metabolic involvement in the radioresistance of cancer stem cells, which is the root cause of tumor recurrence. Finally, we summarized radiosensitizing drugs that target the Warburg effect. Insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the Warburg effect and radioresistance can provide valuable information for developing strategies to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy and provide future directions for successful cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongsoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeong Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Zhang J, Keibler MA, Dong W, Ghelfi J, Cordes T, Kanashova T, Pailot A, Linster CL, Dittmar G, Metallo CM, Lautenschlaeger T, Hiller K, Stephanopoulos G. Stable Isotope-Assisted Untargeted Metabolomics Identifies ALDH1A1-Driven Erythronate Accumulation in Lung Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2842. [PMID: 37893215 PMCID: PMC10604529 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an untargeted stable isotope-assisted metabolomics approach, we identify erythronate as a metabolite that accumulates in several human cancer cell lines. Erythronate has been reported to be a detoxification product derived from off-target glycolytic metabolism. We use chemical inhibitors and genetic silencing to define the pentose phosphate pathway intermediate erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P) as the starting substrate for erythronate production. However, following enzyme assay-coupled protein fractionation and subsequent proteomics analysis, we identify aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) as the predominant contributor to erythrose oxidation to erythronate in cell extracts. Through modulating ALDH1A1 expression in cancer cell lines, we provide additional support. We hence describe a possible alternative route to erythronate production involving the dephosphorylation of E4P to form erythrose, followed by its oxidation by ALDH1A1. Finally, we measure increased erythronate concentrations in tumors relative to adjacent normal tissues from lung cancer patients. These findings suggest the accumulation of erythronate to be an example of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, raising the possibility that elevated levels of erythronate may serve as a biomarker of certain types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.Z.); (M.A.K.); (W.D.)
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg (A.P.)
- Biomia Aps, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mark A. Keibler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.Z.); (M.A.K.); (W.D.)
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wentao Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.Z.); (M.A.K.); (W.D.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Genetics, Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jenny Ghelfi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg (A.P.)
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg (A.P.)
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tamara Kanashova
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnaud Pailot
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg (A.P.)
| | - Carole L. Linster
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg (A.P.)
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Christian M. Metallo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.Z.); (M.A.K.); (W.D.)
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tim Lautenschlaeger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg (A.P.)
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.Z.); (M.A.K.); (W.D.)
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7
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Cai X, Shi S, Chen G, Zhong M, Yang Y, Mai Z, Tian Y, Tan J, He L, Cui C, Yu Z, Wang X. Glutamine metabolism targeting liposomes for synergistic chemosensitization and starvation therapy in ovarian cancer. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:560-570. [PMID: 36596434 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is a first-line therapeutic regimen against ovarian cancer (OC); however, the therapeutic potential is always reduced by glutamine metabolism. Herein, a valid strategy of inhibiting glutamine metabolism was proposed to cause tumor starvation and chemosensitization. Specifically, reactive oxygen species-responsive liposomes were developed to co-deliver cisplatin (CDDP) and bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES) [C@B LPs]. The C@B LPs induced effective tumor cell starvation and significantly sensitized OC cells to CDDP by reducing glutathione generation to prevent CDDP detoxification, suppressing ATP production to avoid CDDP efflux, hindering nucleotide synthesis to aggravate DNA damage induced by CDDP, and blocking mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling to promote cell apoptosis. More importantly, C@B LPs remarkably inhibited tumor growth in vivo and reduced the side effects. Taken together, this study provided a successful strategy of synergistic chemosensitization and starvation therapy escalating the rate of therapeutic success in OCs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work proposed a valid strategy of inhibiting glutamine metabolism to cause tumor starvation and chemosensitization. Specifically, ROS-responsive liposomes were developed to co-deliver cisplatin CDDP and BPTES [C@B LPs]. The C@B LPs induced effective tumor cell starvation and significantly sensitized OC cells to cisplatin by reducing glutathione generation to prevent cisplatin detoxification, suppressing ATP production to avoid cisplatin efflux, hindering nucleotide synthesis to aggravate DNA damage induced by cisplatin, and blocking mTOR signaling to promote cell apoptosis. More importantly, C@B LPs remarkably inhibited tumor growth in vivo and reduced the side effects. Taken together, this study provided a successful strategy of synergistic chemosensitization and starvation therapy escalating the rate of therapeutic success in OCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzi Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children' s Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan 523018, China
| | - Ziyi Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinxiu Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lijuan He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunhui Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan 523018, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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8
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Sun X, Xu M, Ding L, Yang G, Kong J, Zhu Y, Chen X, Xu L, Shan Y, Xu Y. The amino acid and carnitine concentration changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from lung cancer patients. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:380. [DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To screen out potential biomarkers by analyzing fundamental nutrients in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) before confirming the lung cancer.
Methods
In this study, 44 patients were enrolled with clinical information. The concentrations of 23 amino acids and 35 carnitines in their BALF were detected with the high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). Combined with clinicopathological diagnosis, the patients were divided into the lung cancer group (grades I & II and III & IV) and the non-cancer group for standard statistical analysis.
Results
The partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the Shapiro–Wilk test, and the Bonferroni correction results showed that the serine concentration was higher and the butane-diacyl-carnitine (C4DC) concentration was lower in the lung cancer group, further showing the same changing trend continuously through the non-cancer stage, grades I & II stage and grades III & IV stage. Those two potential biomarkers have been identified.
Conclusion
The HPLC–MS target detection in clinic for nutrient concentration levels is a promising technique to find the changing concentration of serine and C4DC in BALF, which provides an economical and practical way for early warning of lung cancer.
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9
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Logotheti S, Pavlopoulou A, Marquardt S, Takan I, Georgakilas AG, Stiewe T. p73 isoforms meet evolution of metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:853-869. [PMID: 35948758 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer largely adheres to Darwinian selection. Evolutionary forces are prominent during metastasis, the final and incurable disease stage, where cells acquire combinations of advantageous phenotypic features and interact with a dynamically changing microenvironment, in order to overcome the metastatic bottlenecks, while therapy exerts additional selective pressures. As a strategy to increase their fitness, tumors often co-opt developmental and tissue-homeostasis programs. Herein, 25 years after its discovery, we review TP73, a sibling of the cardinal tumor-suppressor TP53, through the lens of cancer evolution. The TP73 gene regulates a wide range of processes in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and cancer via an overwhelming number of functionally divergent isoforms. We suggest that TP73 neither merely mimics TP53 via its p53-like tumor-suppressive functions, nor has black-or-white-type effects, as inferred by the antagonism between several of its isoforms in processes like apoptosis and DNA damage response. Rather, under dynamic conditions of selective pressure, the various p73 isoforms which are often co-expressed within the same cancer cells may work towards a common goal by simultaneously activating isoform-specific transcriptional and non-transcriptional programs. Combinatorial co-option of these programs offers selective advantages that overall increase the likelihood for successfully surpassing the barriers of the metastatic cascade. The p73 functional pleiotropy-based capabilities might be present in subclonal populations and expressed dynamically under changing microenvironmental conditions, thereby supporting clonal expansion and propelling evolution of metastasis. Deciphering the critical p73 isoform patterns along the spatiotemporal axes of tumor evolution could identify strategies to target TP73 for prevention and therapy of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Logotheti
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780, Zografou, Greece.
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Stephan Marquardt
- Institute of Translational Medicine for Health Care Systems, Medical School Berlin, Hochschule Für Gesundheit Und Medizin, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Işıl Takan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780, Zografou, Greece
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Lung Health, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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10
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Li Q, Zhou HB, Liu JQ, Bai WF, Wang J, Yang ZJ, Qiu M, Chang H, Shi SL. The intervention effect of Amygdalus mongolica oil on the metabolomics and intestinal flora in pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1037563. [PMID: 36386194 PMCID: PMC9663812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1037563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Amygdalus mongolica oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as inoleic acid (47.11%) and oleic acid (23.81%). Our research demonstrates that it exerts a protective effect on rat models of pulmonary fibrosis, however, little is known regarding the underlying mechanism of action. This study aimed to characterize the therapeutic mechanism of action of A. mongolica oil on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. A. mongolica oil appears to regulate the levels of potential key serum biomarkers which include tetrahydrobiopterin, L-serine, citrulline and estradiol to participate in folate biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis and steroid hormone biosynthesis. And it also enriched intestinal microbial abundance, homogeneity and modulated the abundance of Duncaniell, Desulfovibrio, Peptococcaceae_unclassified, Dubosiella, Tyzzerella, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lactobacillus, Clostridiales_unclassified to exert a protective effect against pulmonary fibrosis. A. mongolica oil appears to confer protective effects against pulmonary fibrosis by affecting the level of pulmonary fibrosis metabolites and the abundance of related intestinal flora through multiple targets, as evidenced by our untargeted LC-MS/MS metabonomics evaluation and 16S rDNA sequencing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China,2Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Hong-Bing Zhou
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China,3Institute of Bioactive Substance and Function of Mongolian Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Wan-Fu Bai
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Jia Wang
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Yang
- 3Institute of Bioactive Substance and Function of Mongolian Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Min Qiu
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China,3Institute of Bioactive Substance and Function of Mongolian Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Hong Chang
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China,*Correspondence: Hong Chang, ; Song-Li Shi,
| | - Song-Li Shi
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China,3Institute of Bioactive Substance and Function of Mongolian Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China,*Correspondence: Hong Chang, ; Song-Li Shi,
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11
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Paul S, Ghosh S, Kumar S. Tumor glycolysis, an essential sweet tooth of tumor cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1216-1230. [PMID: 36330953 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic alterations to meet the immense demand for energy, building blocks, and redox potential. Tumors show glucose-avid and lactate-secreting behavior even in the presence of oxygen, a process known as aerobic glycolysis. Glycolysis is the backbone of cancer cell metabolism, and cancer cells have evolved various mechanisms to enhance it. Glucose metabolism is intertwined with other metabolic pathways, making cancer metabolism diverse and heterogeneous, where glycolysis plays a central role. Oncogenic signaling accelerates the metabolic activities of glycolytic enzymes, mainly by enhancing their expression or by post-translational modifications. Aerobic glycolysis ferments glucose into lactate which supports tumor growth and metastasis by various mechanisms. Herein, we focused on tumor glycolysis, especially its interactions with the pentose phosphate pathway, glutamine metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, and mitochondrial oxidation. Further, we describe the role and regulation of key glycolytic enzymes in cancer. We summarize the role of lactate, an end product of glycolysis, in tumor growth, and the metabolic adaptations during metastasis. Lastly, we briefly discuss limitations and future directions to improve our understanding of glucose metabolism in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Paul
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076 Mumbai, India
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076 Mumbai, India.
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12
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Marabitti V, Giansanti M, De Mitri F, Gatto F, Mastronuzzi A, Nazio F. Pathological implications of metabolic reprogramming and its therapeutic potential in medulloblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1007641. [PMID: 36340043 PMCID: PMC9627342 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1007641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific alterations in metabolism have been recognized to sustain the production of ATP and macromolecules needed for cell growth, division and survival in many cancer types. However, metabolic heterogeneity poses a challenge for the establishment of effective anticancer therapies that exploit metabolic vulnerabilities. Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most heterogeneous malignant pediatric brain tumors, divided into four molecular subgroups (Wingless, Sonic Hedgehog, Group 3 and Group 4). Recent progresses in genomics, single-cell sequencing, and novel tumor models have updated the classification and stratification of MB, highlighting the complex intratumoral cellular diversity of this cancer. In this review, we emphasize the mechanisms through which MB cells rewire their metabolism and energy production networks to support and empower rapid growth, survival under stressful conditions, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Additionally, we discuss the potential clinical benefits of currently available drugs that could target energy metabolism to suppress MB progression and increase the efficacy of the current MB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marabitti
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Giansanti
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Mitri
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gatto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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13
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Osterburg C, Dötsch V. Structural diversity of p63 and p73 isoforms. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:921-937. [PMID: 35314772 PMCID: PMC9091270 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The p53 protein family is the most studied protein family of all. Sequence analysis and structure determination have revealed a high similarity of crucial domains between p53, p63 and p73. Functional studies, however, have shown a wide variety of different tasks in tumor suppression, quality control and development. Here we review the structure and organization of the individual domains of p63 and p73, the interaction of these domains in the context of full-length proteins and discuss the evolutionary origin of this protein family.
Facts
Distinct physiological roles/functions are performed by specific isoforms.
The non-divided transactivation domain of p63 has a constitutively high activity while the transactivation domains of p53/p73 are divided into two subdomains that are regulated by phosphorylation.
Mdm2 binds to all three family members but ubiquitinates only p53.
TAp63α forms an autoinhibited dimeric state while all other vertebrate p53 family isoforms are constitutively tetrameric.
The oligomerization domain of p63 and p73 contain an additional helix that is necessary for stabilizing the tetrameric states. During evolution this helix got lost independently in different phylogenetic branches, while the DNA binding domain became destabilized and the transactivation domain split into two subdomains.
Open questions
Is the autoinhibitory mechanism of mammalian TAp63α conserved in p53 proteins of invertebrates that have the same function of genomic quality control in germ cells?
What is the physiological function of the p63/p73 SAM domains?
Do the short isoforms of p63 and p73 have physiological functions?
What are the roles of the N-terminal elongated TAp63 isoforms, TA* and GTA?
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14
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Koley T, Chowdhury SR, Kushwaha T, Kumar M, Inampudi KK, Kaur P, Singh TP, Viadiu H, Ethayathulla AS. Deciphering the mechanism of p73 recognition of p53 response elements using the crystal structure of p73-DNA complexes and computational studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:40-50. [PMID: 35217090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
P73 belongs to p53 family transcription factor activating more than 50% of cell fate p53 target genes involved in cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage response alongside neuronal system development and differentiation by binding to 20-bp response elements (REs) having sequence motif (PPPCA/T-T/AGYYY) where P-purines and Y-pyrimidines with each 10-bp separated by minimum 0 to 13-bp spacer. The promiscuous nature of recognizing both cell fate and development genes and the underlying RE selectivity mechanism by p73 is not well understood. Here, we report the molecular details of p73 recognizing the REs using the crystal structure of p73 DNA binding domain (DBD) in complex with 12 base pair DNA sequence 5'-cAGGCATGCCTg-3' and molecular dynamics simulations with six different p53 natural promoter sequences. Each 20-base pair natural promoter forms a different major/minor groove due to the presence of nucleotides A/T, A/C, G/G, T/T and G/T at positions 3, 8, 13, 18 uniquely recognized by p73 key residues Lys138 and Arg268. The loops L1 and L3 bearing these residues influence inter-and intra-dimer interfaces interactions and hence p73 forms a unique tetramer with each natural promoter sequence. Structural features of the DNA and the spacing between half-sites influence p73 tetramerization and its transactivation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirthankar Koley
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sanghati Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tushar Kushwaha
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tej Pal Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Héctor Viadiu
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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15
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Truman JP, Ruiz CF, Montal E, Garcia-Barros M, Mileva I, Snider AJ, Hannun YA, Obeid LM, Mao C. 1-Deoxysphinganine initiates adaptive responses to serine and glycine starvation in cancer cells via proteolysis of sphingosine kinase. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100154. [PMID: 34838542 PMCID: PMC8953655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells may depend on exogenous serine, depletion of which results in slower growth and activation of adaptive metabolic changes. We previously demonstrated that serine and glycine (SG) deprivation causes loss of sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) in cancer cells, thereby increasing the levels of its lipid substrate, sphingosine (Sph), which mediates several adaptive biological responses. However, the signaling molecules regulating SK1 and Sph levels in response to SG deprivation have yet to be defined. Here, we identify 1-deoxysphinganine (dSA), a noncanonical sphingoid base generated in the absence of serine from the alternative condensation of alanine and palmitoyl CoA by serine palmitoyl transferase, as a proximal mediator of SG deprivation in SK1 loss and Sph level elevation upon SG deprivation in cancer cells. SG starvation increased dSA levels in vitro and in vivo and in turn induced SK1 degradation through a serine palmitoyl transferase-dependent mechanism, thereby increasing Sph levels. Addition of exogenous dSA caused a moderate increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, which in turn decreased pyruvate kinase PKM2 activity while increasing phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase levels, and thereby promoted serine synthesis. We further showed that increased dSA induces the adaptive cellular and metabolic functions in the response of cells to decreased availability of serine likely by increasing Sph levels. Thus, we conclude that dSA functions as an initial sensor of serine loss, SK1 functions as its direct target, and Sph functions as a downstream effector of cellular and metabolic adaptations. These studies define a previously unrecognized "physiological" nontoxic function for dSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philip Truman
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Christian F Ruiz
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Montal
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica Garcia-Barros
- Biorepository and Pathology Laboratory, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Izolda Mileva
- Lipidomics Core, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ashley J Snider
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, BIO5 Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA.
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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16
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Rozenberg JM, Zvereva S, Dalina A, Blatov I, Zubarev I, Luppov D, Bessmertnyi A, Romanishin A, Alsoulaiman L, Kumeiko V, Kagansky A, Melino G, Ganini C, Barlev NA. The p53 family member p73 in the regulation of cell stress response. Biol Direct 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 34749806 PMCID: PMC8577020 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cells become unrestrictedly proliferative thereby altering the tissue homeostasis and resulting in subsequent hyperplasia. This process is paralleled by resumption of cell cycle, aberrant DNA repair and blunting the apoptotic program in response to DNA damage. In most human cancers these processes are associated with malfunctioning of tumor suppressor p53. Intriguingly, in some cases two other members of the p53 family of proteins, transcription factors p63 and p73, can compensate for loss of p53. Although both p63 and p73 can bind the same DNA sequences as p53 and their transcriptionally active isoforms are able to regulate the expression of p53-dependent genes, the strongest overlap with p53 functions was detected for p73. Surprisingly, unlike p53, the p73 is rarely lost or mutated in cancers. On the contrary, its inactive isoforms are often overexpressed in cancer. In this review, we discuss several lines of evidence that cancer cells develop various mechanisms to repress p73-mediated cell death. Moreover, p73 isoforms may promote cancer growth by enhancing an anti-oxidative response, the Warburg effect and by repressing senescence. Thus, we speculate that the role of p73 in tumorigenesis can be ambivalent and hence, requires new therapeutic strategies that would specifically repress the oncogenic functions of p73, while keeping its tumor suppressive properties intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Rozenberg
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Zvereva
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Dalina
- The Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Blatov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ilya Zubarev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daniil Luppov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Romanishin
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.,School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Lamak Alsoulaiman
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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17
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Panatta E, Zampieri C, Melino G, Amelio I. Understanding p53 tumour suppressor network. Biol Direct 2021; 16:14. [PMID: 34362419 PMCID: PMC8348811 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutation of TP53 gene affects half of all human cancers, resulting in impairment of the regulation of several cellular functions, including cell cycle progression and cell death in response to genotoxic stress. In the recent years additional p53-mediated tumour suppression mechanisms have been described, questioning the contribution of its canonical pathway for tumour suppression. These include regulation of alternative cell death modalities (i.e. ferroptosis), cell metabolism and the emerging role in RNA stability. Here we briefly summarize our knowledge on p53 “canonical DNA damage response” and discuss the most relevant recent findings describing potential mechanistic explanation of p53-mediated tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Panatta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Zampieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy. .,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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18
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Biyik-Sit R, Kruer T, Dougherty S, Bradley JA, Wilkey DW, Merchant ML, Trent JO, Clem BF. Nuclear Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2) Contributes to Phosphoserine Aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1)-Mediated Cell Migration in EGFR-Activated Lung Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163938. [PMID: 34439090 PMCID: PMC8391706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alternative functions for metabolic proteins have recently been shown to drive cancer growth. These may include differential enzymatic activity or novel protein associations. Phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) participates in cellular serine synthesis and has been observed to be elevated in different tumor types. In this study, we aimed to identify new putative PSAT1 activities and determine their contribution to lung tumor progression. We found a direct association for PSAT1 with another enzyme, pyruvate kinase M2. While this appears not to affect PKM2’s metabolic activity, PSAT1 is required for the specific cellular localization of PKM2 upon tumorigenic signaling. Further, the depletion of PSAT1 suppresses lung cancer cell movement that can be partially restored by the compartment expression of PKM2. These findings reveal a novel mechanism that is able to promote the spread of this deadly disease. Abstract An elevated expression of phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) has been observed in multiple tumor types and is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Although PSAT1 is postulated to promote tumor growth through its enzymatic function within the serine synthesis pathway (SSP), its role in cancer progression has not been fully characterized. Here, we explore a putative non-canonical function of PSAT1 that contributes to lung tumor progression. Biochemical studies found that PSAT1 selectively interacts with pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). Amino acid mutations within a PKM2-unique region significantly reduced this interaction. While PSAT1 loss had no effect on cellular pyruvate kinase activity and PKM2 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, fractionation studies demonstrated that the silencing of PSAT1 in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant PC9 or EGF-stimulated A549 cells decreased PKM2 nuclear translocation. Further, PSAT1 suppression abrogated cell migration in these two cell types whereas PSAT1 restoration or overexpression induced cell migration along with an elevated nuclear PKM2 expression. Lastly, the nuclear re-expression of the acetyl-mimetic mutant of PKM2 (K433Q), but not the wild-type, partially restored cell migration in PSAT1-silenced cells. Therefore, we conclude that, in response to EGFR activation, PSAT1 contributes to lung cancer cell migration, in part, by promoting nuclear PKM2 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumeysa Biyik-Sit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (R.B.-S.); (T.K.); (S.D.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Traci Kruer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (R.B.-S.); (T.K.); (S.D.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Susan Dougherty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (R.B.-S.); (T.K.); (S.D.); (J.A.B.)
| | - James A. Bradley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (R.B.-S.); (T.K.); (S.D.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Daniel W. Wilkey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.W.W.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Michael L. Merchant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.W.W.); (M.L.M.)
| | - John O. Trent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Brian F. Clem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (R.B.-S.); (T.K.); (S.D.); (J.A.B.)
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-502-852-8427
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19
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Maeso-Alonso L, López-Ferreras L, Marques MM, Marin MC. p73 as a Tissue Architect. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716957. [PMID: 34368167 PMCID: PMC8343074 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP73 gene belongs to the p53 family comprised by p53, p63, and p73. In response to physiological and pathological signals these transcription factors regulate multiple molecular pathways which merge in an ensemble of interconnected networks, in which the control of cell proliferation and cell death occupies a prominent position. However, the complex phenotype of the Trp73 deficient mice has revealed that the biological relevance of this gene does not exclusively rely on its growth suppression effects, but it is also intertwined with other fundamental roles governing different aspects of tissue physiology. p73 function is essential for the organization and homeostasis of different complex microenvironments, like the neurogenic niche, which supports the neural progenitor cells and the ependyma, the male and female reproductive organs, the respiratory epithelium or the vascular network. We propose that all these, apparently unrelated, developmental roles, have a common denominator: p73 function as a tissue architect. Tissue architecture is defined by the nature and the integrity of its cellular and extracellular compartments, and it is based on proper adhesive cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions as well as the establishment of cellular polarity. In this work, we will review the current understanding of p73 role as a neurogenic niche architect through the regulation of cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics and Planar Cell Polarity, and give a general overview of TAp73 as a hub modulator of these functions, whose alteration could impinge in many of the Trp73 -/- phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Margarita M Marques
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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20
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Mazor G, Smirnov D, Ben David H, Khrameeva E, Toiber D, Rotblat B. TP73-AS1 is induced by YY1 during TMZ treatment and highly expressed in the aging brain. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14843-14861. [PMID: 34115613 PMCID: PMC8221307 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a factor associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM). It is therefore important to understand the molecular features of aging contributing to GBM morbidity. TP73-AS1 is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) over expressed in GBM tumors shown to promote resistance to the chemotherapeutic temozolomide (TMZ), and tumor aggressiveness. How the expression of TP73-AS1 is regulated is not known, nor is it known if its expression is associated with aging. By analyzing transcriptional data obtained from natural and pathological aging brain, we found that the expression of TP73-AS1 is high in pathological and naturally aging brains. YY1 physically associates with the promoter of TP73-AS1 and we found that along with TP73-AS1, YY1 is induced by TMZ. We found that the TP73-AS1 promoter is activated by TMZ, and by YY1 over expression. Using CRISPRi to deplete YY1, we found that YY1 promotes up regulation of TP73-AS1 and the activation of its promoter during TMZ treatment. In addition, we identified two putative YY1 binding sites within the TP73-AS1 promoter, and used mutagenesis to find that they are essential for TMZ mediated promoter activation. Together, our data positions YY1 as an important TP73-AS1 regulator, demonstrating that TP73-AS1 is expressed in the natural and pathological aging brain, including during neurodegeneration and cancer. Our findings advance our understanding of TP73-AS1 expression, bringing forth a new link between TMZ resistance and aging, both of which contribute to GBM morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Mazor
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Dmitri Smirnov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.,Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia.,The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Hila Ben David
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Khrameeva
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Debra Toiber
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.,The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Barak Rotblat
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
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21
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Bi F, An Y, Sun T, You Y, Yang Q. PHGDH Is Upregulated at Translational Level and Implicated in Platin-Resistant in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:643129. [PMID: 34178629 PMCID: PMC8222667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.643129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first line option for ovarian cancer. The development of resistance to such chemotherapy results in treatment failure, while the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Methods Clinical samples were collected from Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. MTT assay was used to see the proliferation and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells. Transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assays was used to see the invasion ability of ovarian cancer cells. In addition, polysome profiling and tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining were also used. The statistical significance of the difference was analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett's test. Results PHGDH is the first enzyme responsible for serine biosynthesis pathway. The current study demonstrated that PHGDH is upregulated in platin-resistant ovarian cancer cells and tissues at the protein level. Importantly, knockdown of PHGDH suppressed, while overexpression of PHGDH increased the survival upon cisplatin exposure, invasiveness and spheroid formation of ovarian cancer cells. The current study demonstrated that PHGDH translation was upregulated in platin-resistant ovarian cancer. In addition, our study provided evidence that LncRNA RMRP (RNA Component of Mitochondrial RNA Processing Endoribonuclease) was upregulated in platin-resistant ovarian cancer, which promoted enrichment of RNA binding protein DDX3X (DEAD-Box Helicase 3 X-Linked) on the PHGDH mRNA to promote its translation. Conclusion Collectively, the current study described that PHGDH was upregulated and conferred resistance of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin, suggesting that cisplatin resistance could be overcome by targeting PHGDH. Our study also provided evidence that differential PHGDH protein expression was defined by its translation, and RNA binding protein DDX3X and LncRNA RMRP are regulators of its translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan An
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianshui Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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p53/p73 Protein Network in Colorectal Cancer and Other Human Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122885. [PMID: 34207603 PMCID: PMC8227208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 family of proteins comprises p53, p63, and p73, which share high structural and functional similarity. The two distinct promoters of each locus, the alternative splicing, and the alternative translation initiation sites enable the generation of numerous isoforms with different protein-interacting domains and distinct activities. The co-expressed p53/p73 isoforms have significant but distinct roles in carcinogenesis. Their activity is frequently impaired in human tumors including colorectal carcinoma due to dysregulated expression and a dominant-negative effect accomplished by some isoforms and p53 mutants. The interactions between isoforms are particularly important to understand the onset of tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic response. The understanding of the p53/p73 network can contribute to the development of new targeted therapies. Abstract The p53 tumor suppressor protein is crucial for cell growth control and the maintenance of genomic stability. Later discovered, p63 and p73 share structural and functional similarity with p53. To understand the p53 pathways more profoundly, all family members should be considered. Each family member possesses two promoters and alternative translation initiation sites, and they undergo alternative splicing, generating multiple isoforms. The resulting isoforms have important roles in carcinogenesis, while their expression is dysregulated in several human tumors including colorectal carcinoma, which makes them potential targets in cancer treatment. Their activities arise, at least in part, from the ability to form tetramers that bind to specific DNA sequences and activate the transcription of target genes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biological activities and regulation of the p53/p73 isoforms, highlighting their role in colorectal tumorigenesis. The analysis of the expression patterns of the p53/p73 isoforms in human cancers provides an important step in the improvement of cancer therapy. Furthermore, the interactions among the p53 family members which could modulate normal functions of the canonical p53 in tumor tissue are described. Lastly, we emphasize the importance of clinical studies to assess the significance of combining the deregulation of different members of the p53 family to define the outcome of the disease.
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23
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Malik N, Yan H, Yang HH, Ayaz G, DuBois W, Tseng YC, Kim YI, Jiang S, Liu C, Lee M, Huang J. CBFB cooperates with p53 to maintain TAp73 expression and suppress breast cancer. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009553. [PMID: 33945523 PMCID: PMC8121313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The CBFB gene is frequently mutated in several types of solid tumors. Emerging evidence suggests that CBFB is a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. However, our understanding of the tumor suppressive function of CBFB remains incomplete. Here, we analyze genetic interactions between mutations of CBFB and other highly mutated genes in human breast cancer datasets and find that CBFB and TP53 mutations are mutually exclusive, suggesting a functional association between CBFB and p53. Integrated genomic studies reveal that TAp73 is a common transcriptional target of CBFB and p53. CBFB cooperates with p53 to maintain TAp73 expression, as either CBFB or p53 loss leads to TAp73 depletion. TAp73 re-expression abrogates the tumorigenic effect of CBFB deletion. Although TAp73 loss alone is insufficient for tumorigenesis, it enhances the tumorigenic effect of NOTCH3 overexpression, a downstream event of CBFB loss. Immunohistochemistry shows that p73 loss is coupled with higher proliferation in xenografts. Moreover, TAp73 loss-of-expression is a frequent event in human breast cancer tumors and cell lines. Together, our results significantly advance our understanding of the tumor suppressive functions of CBFB and reveal a mechanism underlying the communication between the two tumor suppressors CBFB and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Malik
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hualong Yan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Howard H Yang
- High-Dimension Data Analysis Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gamze Ayaz
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wendy DuBois
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yu-Chou Tseng
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Young-Im Kim
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shunlin Jiang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Lee
- High-Dimension Data Analysis Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jing Huang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Spillier Q, Frédérick R. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) inhibitors: a comprehensive review 2015-2020. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:597-608. [PMID: 33571419 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1890028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:The phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), a metabolic enzyme involved in the serine synthetic pathway (SSP), appears to play a central role in supporting cancer growth and proliferation. PHGDH is a dehydrogenase whose expression in cancers was first demonstrated in 2010. Because its silencing allows a significant reduction in tumor proliferation, it appears to be a promising target in the development of new anti-cancer agents.Areas covered: In this review, we will detail PHGDH inhibitors that were reported since 2015. These compounds will be ranked according to their chemical class and their site of action. Representative examples of each series will be presented as well as their inhibitory potency in vitro and/or in vivo. Finally, their most significant biological effects will be detailed.Expert opinion: Currently, and despite significant efforts, the search for PHGDH inhibitors has not yet led to the development of compounds that can be used therapeutically. The available inhibitors have either too weak inhibitory potency or limited selectivity. Therefore, it seems crucial, given the importance of this enzyme in the progression of cancer but also in other pathologies, to pursue the development of new chemical series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Spillier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center and New York University, Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raphaël Frédérick
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group (CMFA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Melino G. Molecular Mechanisms and Function of the p53 Protein Family Member - p73. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1202-1209. [PMID: 33202205 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over 20 years after identification of p53 and its crucial function in cancer progression, two members of the same protein family were identified, namely p63 and p73. Since then, a body of information has been accumulated on each of these genes and their interrelations. Biological role of p73 has been elucidated thanks to four distinct knockout mice models: (i) with deletion of the entire TP73 gene, (ii) with deletion of exons encoding the full length TAp73 isoforms, (iii) with deletions of exons encoding the shorter DNp73 isoform, and (iv) with deletion of exons encoding C-terminal of the alpha isoform. This work, as well as expression studies in cancer and overwhelming body of molecular studies, allowed establishing major role of TP73 both in cancer and in neuro-development, as well as ciliogenesis, and metabolism. Here, we recapitulate the major milestones of this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
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26
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A retrospective overview of PHGDH and its inhibitors for regulating cancer metabolism. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113379. [PMID: 33756126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that cancer metabolism is closely associated to the serine biosynthesis pathway (SSP), in which glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to serine through a three-step enzymatic transformation. As the rate-limiting enzyme in the first step of SSP, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is overexpressed in various diseases, especially in cancer. Genetic knockdown or silencing of PHGDH exhibits obvious anti-tumor response both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating that PHGDH is a promising drug target for cancer therapy. So far, several types of PHGDH inhibitors have been identified as a significant and newly emerging option for anticancer treatment. Herein, this comprehensive review summarizes the recent achievements of PHGDH, especially its critical role in cancer and the development of PHGDH inhibitors in drug discovery.
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27
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Linking Serine/Glycine Metabolism to Radiotherapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061191. [PMID: 33801846 PMCID: PMC8002185 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hyperactivation of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis across different cancer types and its critical contribution in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance indicate the relevance of serine/glycine metabolism-targeted therapies as therapeutic intervention in cancer. In this review, we specifically focus on the contribution of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway to radioresistance. We provide a future perspective on how de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis inhibition and serine-free diets may improve the outcome of radiotherapy. Future research in this field is needed to better understand serine/glycine metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in response to radiation and the influence of this pathway in the tumor microenvironment, which may provide the rationale for the optimal combination therapies. Abstract The activation of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis in a subset of tumors has been described as a major contributor to tumor pathogenesis, poor outcome, and treatment resistance. Amplifications and mutations of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis enzymes can trigger pathway activation; however, a large group of cancers displays serine/glycine pathway overexpression induced by oncogenic drivers and unknown regulatory mechanisms. A better understanding of the regulatory network of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis activation in cancer might be essential to unveil opportunities to target tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. In the current review, we describe how the activation of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis in cancer is linked to treatment resistance and its implications in the clinic. To our knowledge, only a few studies have identified this pathway as metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in response to radiation therapy. We propose an important contribution of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway activation to radioresistance by being involved in cancer cell viability and proliferation, maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and redox homeostasis under hypoxia and nutrient-deprived conditions. Current approaches for inhibition of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention, which in combination with radiotherapy might be a promising strategy for tumor control and ultimately eradication. Further research is needed to gain molecular and mechanistic insight into the activation of this pathway in response to radiation therapy and to design sophisticated stratification methods to select patients that might benefit from serine/glycine metabolism-targeted therapies in combination with radiotherapy.
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Mahmood K, Emadi A. 1-C Metabolism-Serine, Glycine, Folates-In Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030190. [PMID: 33652666 PMCID: PMC7996867 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming contributes to tumor development and introduces metabolic liabilities that can be exploited to treat cancer. Studies in hematological malignancies have shown alterations in fatty acid, folate, and amino acid metabolism pathways in cancer cells. One-carbon (1-C) metabolism is essential for numerous cancer cell functions, including protein and nucleic acid synthesis and maintaining cellular redox balance, and inhibition of the 1-C pathway has yielded several highly active drugs, such as methotrexate and 5-FU. Glutamine depletion has also emerged as a therapeutic approach for cancers that have demonstrated dependence on glutamine for survival. Recent studies have shown that in response to glutamine deprivation leukemia cells upregulate key enzymes in the serine biosynthesis pathway, suggesting that serine upregulation may be a targetable compensatory mechanism. These new findings may provide opportunities for novel cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Mahmood
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Ashkan Emadi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-328-6841; Fax: +1-410-328-6896
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29
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Pan S, Fan M, Liu Z, Li X, Wang H. Serine, glycine and one‑carbon metabolism in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 58:158-170. [PMID: 33491748 PMCID: PMC7864012 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/glycine biosynthesis and one-carbon metabolism are crucial in sustaining cancer cell survival and rapid proliferation, and of high clinical relevance. Excessive activation of serine/glycine biosynthesis drives tumorigenesis and provides a single carbon unit for one-carbon metabolism. One-carbon metabolism, which is a complex cyclic metabolic network based on the chemical reaction of folate compounds, provides the necessary proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other biological macromolecules to support tumor growth. Moreover, one-carbon metabolism also maintains the redox homeostasis of the tumor microenvironment and provides substrates for the methylation reaction. The present study reviews the role of key enzymes with tumor-promoting functions and important intermediates that are physiologically relevant to tumorigenesis in serine/glycine/one-carbon metabolism pathways. The related regulatory mechanisms of action of the key enzymes and important intermediates in tumors are also discussed. It is hoped that investigations into these pathways will provide new translational opportunities for human cancer drug development, dietary interventions, and biomarker identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Pan
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Fan
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Zhangnan Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
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Matés JM, Campos-Sandoval JA, de Los Santos-Jiménez J, Segura JA, Alonso FJ, Márquez J. Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer by Chemicals that Target Glutaminase Isoenzymes. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5317-5339. [PMID: 31038055 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190416165004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming of tumours is a hallmark of cancer. Among the changes in the metabolic network of cancer cells, glutaminolysis is a key reaction altered in neoplasms. Glutaminase proteins control the first step in glutamine metabolism and their expression correlates with malignancy and growth rate of a great variety of cancers. The two types of glutaminase isoenzymes, GLS and GLS2, differ in their expression patterns and functional roles: GLS has oncogenic properties and GLS2 has been described as a tumour suppressor factor. RESULTS We have focused on glutaminase connections with key oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Targeting glutaminase isoenzymes includes different strategies aimed at deactivating the rewiring of cancer metabolism. In addition, we found a long list of metabolic enzymes, transcription factors and signalling pathways dealing with glutaminase. On the other hand, a number of chemicals have been described as isoenzyme-specific inhibitors of GLS and/or GLS2 isoforms. These molecules are being characterized as synergic and therapeutic agents in many types of tumours. CONCLUSION This review states the metabolic pathways that are rewired in cancer, the roles of glutaminase isoforms in cancer, as well as the metabolic circuits regulated by glutaminases. We also show the plethora of anticancer drugs that specifically inhibit glutaminase isoenzymes for treating several sets of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Matés
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - José A Campos-Sandoval
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan de Los Santos-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan A Segura
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Alonso
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Márquez
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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Zhang D, Xu X, Ye Q. Metabolism and immunity in breast cancer. Front Med 2020; 15:178-207. [PMID: 33074528 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies that seriously threaten women's health. In the process of the malignant transformation of breast cancer, metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion represent the two main fascinating characteristics of cancer and facilitate cancer cell proliferation. Breast cancer cells generate energy through increased glucose metabolism. Lipid metabolism contributes to biological signal pathways and forms cell membranes except energy generation. Amino acids act as basic protein units and metabolic regulators in supporting cell growth. For tumor-associated immunity, poor immunogenicity and heightened immunosuppression cause breast cancer cells to evade the host's immune system. For the past few years, the complex mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion are deeply investigated, and the genes involved in these processes are used as clinical therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Here, we review the recent findings related to abnormal metabolism and immune characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, their links, and relevant therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China.
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32
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Buckley N, Panatta E, Morone N, Noguchi M, Scorrano L, Knight RA, Amelio I, Melino G. P73 C-terminus is dispensable for multiciliogenesis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1833-1845. [PMID: 32584647 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1783055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 family transcriptional factor p73 plays a pivotal role in development. Ablation of p73 results in severe neurodevelopmental defects, chronic infections, inflammation and infertility. In addition to this, Trp73-\- mice display severe alteration in the ciliated epithelial lining and the full-length N-terminal isoform TAp73 has been implicated in the control of multiciliogenesis transcriptional program. With our recently generated Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mouse model, we interrogate the physiological role of p73 C-terminal isoforms in vivo. Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mice lack exon 13 in Trp73 gene, producing an ectopic switch from the C-terminal isoforms p73α to p73β. Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mice show a pattern of expression of TAp73 comparable to the wild-type littermates, indicating that the α to β switch does not significantly alter the expression of the gene in this cell type. Moreover, Trp73Δ13/Δ13 do not display any significant alteration in the airway ciliated epithelium, suggesting that in this context p73β can fully substitute the function of the longer isoform p73α. Similarly, Trp73Δ13/Δ13 ciliated epithelium of the brain ependyma also does appear defective. In this district however expression of TAp73 is not detectable, indicating that expression of the gene might be compensated by alternative mechanisms. Overall our work indicates that C-terminus p73 is dispensable for the multiciliogenesis program and suggests a possible tissue-specific effect of p73 alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Buckley
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuele Panatta
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua , Padua, Italy
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
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Potential Applications of NRF2 Modulators in Cancer Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030193. [PMID: 32106613 PMCID: PMC7139512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) regulatory pathway plays an essential role in protecting cells and tissues from oxidative, electrophilic, and xenobiotic stress. By controlling the transactivation of over 500 cytoprotective genes, the NRF2 transcription factor has been implicated in the physiopathology of several human diseases, including cancer. In this respect, accumulating evidence indicates that NRF2 can act as a double-edged sword, being able to mediate tumor suppressive or pro-oncogenic functions, depending on the specific biological context of its activation. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms that control NRF2 functions and the most appropriate context of its activation is a prerequisite for the development of effective therapeutic strategies based on NRF2 modulation. In line of principle, the controlled activation of NRF2 might reduce the risk of cancer initiation and development in normal cells by scavenging reactive-oxygen species (ROS) and by preventing genomic instability through decreased DNA damage. In contrast however, already transformed cells with constitutive or prolonged activation of NRF2 signaling might represent a major clinical hurdle and exhibit an aggressive phenotype characterized by therapy resistance and unfavorable prognosis, requiring the use of NRF2 inhibitors. In this review, we will focus on the dual roles of the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway in cancer promotion and inhibition, describing the mechanisms of its activation and potential therapeutic strategies based on the use of context-specific modulation of NRF2.
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34
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Wang C, Teo CR, Sabapathy K. p53-Related Transcription Targets of TAp73 in Cancer Cells-Bona Fide or Distorted Reality? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041346. [PMID: 32079264 PMCID: PMC7072922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of p73 as a structural homolog of p53 fueled early studies aimed at determining if it was capable of performing p53-like functions. This led to a conundrum as p73 was discovered to be hardly mutated in cancers, and yet, TAp73, the full-length form, was found capable of performing p53-like functions, including transactivation of many p53 target genes in cancer cell lines. Generation of mice lacking p73/TAp73 revealed a plethora of developmental defects, with very limited spontaneous tumors arising only at a later stage. Concurrently, novel TAp73 target genes involved in cellular growth promotion that are not regulated by p53 were identified, mooting the possibility that TAp73 may have diametrically opposite functions to p53 in tumorigenesis. We have therefore comprehensively evaluated the TAp73 target genes identified and validated in human cancer cell lines, to examine their contextual relevance. Data from focused studies aimed at appraising if p53 targets are also regulated by TAp73—often by TAp73 overexpression in cell lines with non-functional p53—were affirmative. However, genome-wide and phenotype-based studies led to the identification of TAp73-regulated genes involved in cellular survival and thus, tumor promotion. Our analyses therefore suggest that TAp73 may not necessarily be p53’s natural substitute in enforcing tumor suppression. It has likely evolved to perform unique functions in regulating developmental processes and promoting cellular growth through entirely different sets of target genes that are not common to, and cannot be substituted by p53. The p53-related targets initially reported to be regulated by TAp73 may therefore represent an experimental possibility rather than the reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
| | - Cui Rong Teo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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35
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Li AM, Ye J. The PHGDH enigma: Do cancer cells only need serine or also a redox modulator? Cancer Lett 2020; 476:97-105. [PMID: 32032680 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of serine biosynthesis pathway activity is an increasingly apparent feature of many cancers. Most notably, the first rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), is genomically amplified in some melanomas and breast cancers and can be transcriptionally regulated by various tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Yet emerging evidence suggests that serine-in particular, serine biosynthetic pathway activity-may promote cancer in ways beyond providing the building blocks to support cell proliferation. Here, we summarize how mammalian cells tightly control serine synthesis before discussing alternate ways in which increased serine synthetic flux through PHGDH may benefit cancer cells, such as maintenance of TCA cycle flux through alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) and modulation of cellular redox balance. We will also provide an overview of the current landscape of therapeutics targeting serine synthesis and offer a perspective on future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert M Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jiangbin Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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36
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Metcalf S, Dougherty S, Kruer T, Hasan N, Biyik-Sit R, Reynolds L, Clem BF. Selective loss of phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) suppresses migration, invasion, and experimental metastasis in triple negative breast cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:187-197. [PMID: 31630284 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-10000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women and 90% of these mortalities can be attributed to progression to metastatic disease. In particular, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is extremely aggressive and frequently metastasizes to multiple organs. As TNBCs are categorized by their lack of hormone receptors, these tumors are very heterogeneous and are immune to most targeted therapies. Metabolic changes are observed in the majority of TNBC and a large proportion upregulate enzymes within the serine synthesis pathway, including phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1). In this report, we investigate the role of PSAT1 in migration and invasion potential in a subset of TNBC cell types. We found that the expression of PSAT1 increases with TNBC clinical grade. We also demonstrate that suppression of PSAT1 or phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) does not negatively impact cell proliferation in TNBC cells that are not dependent on de novo serine synthesis. However, we observed that suppression of PSAT1 specifically alters the F-actin cytoskeletal arrangement and morphology in these TNBC cell lines. In addition, suppression of PSAT1 inhibits motility and migration in these TNBC cell lines, which is not recapitulated upon loss of PHGDH. PSAT1 silencing also reduced the number of lung tumor nodules in a model of experimental metastasis; yet did not decrease anchorage-independent growth. Together, these results suggest that PSAT1 functions to drive migratory potential in promoting metastasis in select TNBC cells independent of its role in serine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Metcalf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Susan Dougherty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Traci Kruer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nazarul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rumeysa Biyik-Sit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lindsey Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Brian F Clem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. .,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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37
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Pitolli C, Wang Y, Candi E, Shi Y, Melino G, Amelio I. p53-Mediated Tumor Suppression: DNA-Damage Response and Alternative Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1983. [PMID: 31835405 PMCID: PMC6966539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 regulates different cellular pathways involved in cell survival, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence. However, according to an increasing number of studies, the p53-mediated canonical DNA damage response is dispensable for tumor suppression. p53 is involved in mechanisms regulating many other cellular processes, including metabolism, autophagy, and cell migration and invasion, and these pathways might crucially contribute to its tumor suppressor function. In this review we summarize the canonical and non-canonical functions of p53 in an attempt to provide an overview of the potentially crucial aspects related to its tumor suppressor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Pitolli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (E.C.); (G.M.)
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (E.C.); (G.M.)
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (E.C.); (G.M.)
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (E.C.); (G.M.)
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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38
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Lopriore P, Capitanio N, Panatta E, Di Daniele N, Gambacurta A, Melino G, Amelio I. TAp73 regulates ATP7A: possible implications for ageing-related diseases. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3745-3760. [PMID: 30530920 PMCID: PMC6326685 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The p53 family member p73 controls a wide range of cellular function. Deletion of p73 in mice results in increased tumorigenesis, infertility, neurological defects and altered immune system. Despite the extensive effort directed to define the molecular underlying mechanism of p73 function a clear definition of its transcriptional signature and the extent of overlap with the other p53 family members is still missing. Here we describe a novel TAp73 target, ATP7A a member of a large family of P-type ATPases implicated in human neurogenerative conditions and cancer chemoresistance. Modulation of TAp73 expression influences basal expression level of ATP7A in different cellular models and chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed a physical direct binding of TAp73 on ATP7A genomic regions. Bioinformatic analysis of expression profile datasets of human lung cancer patients suggests a possible implication of TAp73/ATP7A axis in human cancer. These data provide a novel TAp73-dependent target which might have implications in ageing-related diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piervito Lopriore
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Panatta
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambacurta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom
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39
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Yang L, Yang S, Tian Y, Ma Q. Measurement of Conditional Relatedness Between Genes Using Fully Convolutional Neural Network. Front Genet 2019; 10:1009. [PMID: 31695723 PMCID: PMC6818468 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring conditional relatedness, the degree of relation between a pair of genes in a certain condition, is a basic but difficult task in bioinformatics, as traditional co-expression analysis methods rely on co-expression similarities, well known with high false positive rate. Complement with prior-knowledge similarities is a feasible way to tackle the problem. However, classical combination machine learning algorithms fail in detection and application of the complex mapping relations between similarities and conditional relatedness, so a powerful predictive model will have enormous benefit for measuring this kind of complex mapping relations. To this need, we propose a novel deep learning model of convolutional neural network with a fully connected first layer, named fully convolutional neural network (FCNN), to measure conditional relatedness between genes using both co-expression and prior-knowledge similarities. The results on validation and test datasets show FCNN model yields an average 3.0% and 2.7% higher accuracy values for identifying gene–gene interactions collected from the COXPRESdb, KEGG, and TRRUST databases, and a benchmark dataset of Xiao-Yong et al. research, by grid-search 10-fold cross validation, respectively. In order to estimate the FCNN model, we conduct a further verification on the GeneFriends and DIP datasets, and the FCNN model obtains an average of 1.8% and 7.6% higher accuracy, respectively. Then the FCNN model is applied to construct cancer gene networks, and also calls more practical results than other compared models and methods. A website of the FCNN model and relevant datasets can be accessed from https://bmbl.bmi.osumc.edu/FCNN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Symbol Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Symbol Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Symbol Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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40
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Nemajerova A, Moll UM. Tissue-specific roles of p73 in development and homeostasis. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/19/jcs233338. [PMID: 31582429 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.233338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
p73 (TP73) belongs to the p53 family of transcription factors. Its gene locus encodes two opposing types of isoforms, the transcriptionally active TAp73 class and the dominant-negative DNp73 class, which both play critical roles in development and homeostasis in an astonishingly diverse array of biological systems within specific tissues. While p73 has functions in cancer, this Review focuses on the non-oncogenic activities of p73. In the central and peripheral nervous system, both isoforms cooperate in complex ways to regulate neural stem cell survival, self-renewal and terminal differentiation. In airways, oviduct and to a lesser extent in brain ependyma, TAp73 is the master transcriptional regulator of multiciliogenesis, enabling fluid and germ cell transport across tissue surfaces. In male and female reproduction, TAp73 regulates gene networks that control cell-cell adhesion programs within germinal epithelium to enable germ cell maturation. Finally, p73 participates in the control of angiogenesis in development and cancer. While many open questions remain, we discuss here key findings that provide insight into the complex functions of this gene at the organismal, cellular and molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Nemajerova
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
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41
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Varon M, Levy T, Mazor G, Ben David H, Marciano R, Krelin Y, Prasad M, Elkabets M, Pauck D, Ahmadov U, Picard D, Qin N, Borkhardt A, Reifenberger G, Leprivier G, Remke M, Rotblat B. The long noncoding RNA TP73-AS1 promotes tumorigenicity of medulloblastoma cells. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3402-3413. [PMID: 31081944 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain cancer in children. Since previous studies have mainly focused on alterations in the coding genome, our understanding of the contribution of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to medulloblastoma biology is just emerging. Using patient-derived data, we show that the promoter of lncRNA TP73-AS1 is hypomethylated and that the transcript is highly expressed in the SHH subgroup. Furthermore, high expression of TP73-AS1 is correlated with poor outcome in patients with TP53 wild-type SHH tumors. Silencing TP73-AS1 in medulloblastoma tumor cells induced apoptosis, while proliferation and migration were inhibited in culture. In vivo, silencing TP73-AS1 in medulloblastoma tumor cells resulted in reduced tumor growth, reduced proliferation of tumor cells, increased apoptosis and led to prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. Together, our study suggests that the lncRNA TP73-AS1 is a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in medulloblastoma tumors and serves as a proof of concept that lncRNAs are important factors in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Varon
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tal Levy
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Gal Mazor
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Ben David
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ran Marciano
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Manu Prasad
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - David Pauck
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulvi Ahmadov
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Picard
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nan Qin
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriel Leprivier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barak Rotblat
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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42
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Yi Y, Zhang W, Yi J, Xiao ZX. Role of p53 Family Proteins in Metformin Anti-Cancer Activities. J Cancer 2019; 10:2434-2442. [PMID: 31258748 PMCID: PMC6584340 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been used as therapy for type 2 diabetes for many years. Clinical and basic evidence as indicated that metformin has anti-cancer activities. It has been well-established that metformin activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which in turn regulates energy homeostasis. However, the mechanistic aspects of metformin anti-cancer activity remain elusive. p53 family proteins, including p53, p63 and p73, have diverse biological functions, including regulation of cell growth, survival, development, senescence and aging. In this review, we highlight the evidence and mechanisms by which metformin inhibits cancer cell survival and tumor growth. We also aimed to discuss the role of p53 family proteins in metformin-mediated suppression of cancer growth and survival.
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43
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Rotblat B, Agostini M, Niklison-Chirou MV, Amelio I, Willis AE, Melino G. Sustained protein synthesis and reduced eEF2K levels in TAp73 -\- mice brain: a possible compensatory mechanism. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2637-2643. [PMID: 30507330 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1553341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p73 is a member of the p53 family, of which the transactivation domain containing isoform (TAp73) plays key roles in brain development and neuronal stem cells. TAp73 also facilitates homoeostasis and prevents oxidative damage in vivo by inducing the expression of its target genes. Recently, we found that in addition to its role in regulation of transcription, TAp73 also affects mRNA translation. In cultured cells, acute TAp73 depletion activates eEF2K, which phosphorylates eEF2 reducing mRNA translation elongation. As a consequence, there is a reduction in global proteins synthesis rates and reprogramming of the translatome, leading to a selective decrease in the translation of rRNA processing factors. Given the dramatic effects of Tap73 depletion in vitro it was important to determine whether similar effects were observed in vivo. Here, we report the surprising finding that in brains of TAp73 KO mice there is a reduced level of eEF2K, which allows protein synthesis rates to be maintained suggesting a compensation model. These data provide new insights to the role of TAp73 in translation regulation and the eEF2K pathway in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Rotblat
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , University of Cambridge , Rome , UK.,b Department of Life Sciences , Ben Gurion University in the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , University of Cambridge , Rome , UK.,c Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, IDI-IRCCS , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , University of Cambridge , Rome , UK.,d Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , University of Cambridge , Rome , UK
| | - Anne E Willis
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , University of Cambridge , Rome , UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , University of Cambridge , Rome , UK.,c Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, IDI-IRCCS , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
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Li L, Li L, Li W, Chen T, Bin Zou, Zhao L, Wang H, Wang X, Xu L, Liu X, Wang D, Li B, Mak TW, Du W, Yang X, Jiang P. TAp73-induced phosphofructokinase-1 transcription promotes the Warburg effect and enhances cell proliferation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4683. [PMID: 30409970 PMCID: PMC6224601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect is a prominent metabolic feature associated with neoplastic diseases; however, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. TAp73, a structural homolog of the tumor suppressor p53, is frequently overexpressed in human tumors, indicating a proliferative advantage that it can confer to tumor cells. Here we show that TAp73 stimulates the expression of phosphofructokinase-1, liver type (PFKL), which catalyzes the committed step in glycolysis. Through this regulation, TAp73 enhances glucose consumption and lactate excretion, promoting the Warburg effect. By activating PFKL, TAp73 also increases ATP production and bolsters anti-oxidant defense. TAp73 deficiency results in a pronounced reduction in tumorigenic potential, which can be rescued by forced PFKL expression. These findings establish TAp73 as a critical regulator of glycolysis and reveal a mechanism by which tumor cells achieve the Warburg effect to enable oncogenic growth. TAp73 is a structural homolog of the tumor suppressor p53. Here they show that TAp73 is critical for promoting glycolysis as it stimulates the transcriptional expression of liver type of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFKL), which catalyzes the committed step in glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China
| | - Taiqi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Wenjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Peng Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China.
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45
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Carbone M, Amelio I, Affar EB, Brugarolas J, Cannon-Albright LA, Cantley LC, Cavenee WK, Chen Z, Croce CM, Andrea AD, Gandara D, Giorgi C, Jia W, Lan Q, Mak TW, Manley JL, Mikoshiba K, Onuchic JN, Pass HI, Pinton P, Prives C, Rothman N, Sebti SM, Turkson J, Wu X, Yang H, Yu H, Melino G. Consensus report of the 8 and 9th Weinman Symposia on Gene x Environment Interaction in carcinogenesis: novel opportunities for precision medicine. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1885-1904. [PMID: 30323273 PMCID: PMC6219489 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative contribution of intrinsic genetic factors and extrinsic environmental ones to cancer aetiology and natural history is a lengthy and debated issue. Gene-environment interactions (G x E) arise when the combined presence of both a germline genetic variant and a known environmental factor modulates the risk of disease more than either one alone. A panel of experts discussed our current understanding of cancer aetiology, known examples of G × E interactions in cancer, and the expanded concept of G × E interactions to include somatic cancer mutations and iatrogenic environmental factors such as anti-cancer treatment. Specific genetic polymorphisms and genetic mutations increase susceptibility to certain carcinogens and may be targeted in the near future for prevention and treatment of cancer patients with novel molecularly based therapies. There was general consensus that a better understanding of the complexity and numerosity of G × E interactions, supported by adequate technological, epidemiological, modelling and statistical resources, will further promote our understanding of cancer and lead to novel preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - El Bachir Affar
- Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - James Brugarolas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lisa A Cannon-Albright
- Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 E. 69(th) Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alan D' Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - David Gandara
- Thoracic Oncology, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, 96817, USA
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Wei Jia
- Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tak Wah Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - James L Manley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jose N Onuchic
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Said M Sebti
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, and Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | | | - Xifeng Wu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Gerry Melino
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK.
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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46
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Sun L, Suo C, Li ST, Zhang H, Gao P. Metabolic reprogramming for cancer cells and their microenvironment: Beyond the Warburg Effect. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:51-66. [PMID: 29959989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells has long been considered from the standpoint of how and why cancer cells preferentially utilize glucose via aerobic glycolysis, the so-called Warburg Effect, the progress in the following areas during the past several years has substantially advanced our understanding of the rewired metabolic network in cancer cells that is intertwined with oncogenic signaling. First, in addition to the major nutrient substrates glucose and glutamine, cancer cells have been discovered to utilize a variety of unconventional nutrient sources for survival. Second, the deregulated biomass synthesis is intertwined with cell cycle progression to coordinate the accelerated progression of cancer cells. Third, the reciprocal regulation of cancer cell's metabolic alterations and the microenvironment, involving extensive host immune cells and microbiota, have come into view as critical mechanisms to regulate cancer progression. These and other advances are shaping the current and future paradigm of cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchong Sun
- Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell metabolism, Guangzhou First Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Caixia Suo
- Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell metabolism, Guangzhou First Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shi-Ting Li
- Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell metabolism, Guangzhou First Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell metabolism, Guangzhou First Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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Marini A, Rotblat B, Sbarrato T, Niklison-Chirou MV, Knight JRP, Dudek K, Jones C, Bushell M, Knight RA, Amelio I, Willis AE, Melino G. TAp73 contributes to the oxidative stress response by regulating protein synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6219-6224. [PMID: 29844156 PMCID: PMC6004440 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718531115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TAp73 is a transcription factor that plays key roles in brain development, aging, and cancer. At the cellular level, TAp73 is a critical homeostasis-maintaining factor, particularly following oxidative stress. Although major studies focused on TAp73 transcriptional activities have indicated a contribution of TAp73 to cellular metabolism, the mechanisms underlying its role in redox homeostasis have not been completely elucidated. Here we show that TAp73 contributes to the oxidative stress response by participating in the control of protein synthesis. Regulation of mRNA translation occupies a central position in cellular homeostasis during the stress response, often by reducing global rates of protein synthesis and promoting translation of specific mRNAs. TAp73 depletion results in aberrant ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing and impaired protein synthesis. In particular, polysomal profiles show that TAp73 promotes the integration of mRNAs that encode rRNA-processing factors in polysomes, supporting their translation. Concurrently, TAp73 depletion causes increased sensitivity to oxidative stress that correlates with reduced ATP levels, hyperactivation of AMPK, and translational defects. TAp73 is important for maintaining active translation of mitochondrial transcripts in response to oxidative stress, thus promoting mitochondrial activity. Our results indicate that TAp73 contributes to redox homeostasis by affecting the translational machinery, facilitating the translation of specific mitochondrial transcripts. This study identifies a mechanism by which TAp73 contributes to the oxidative stress response and describes a completely unexpected role for TAp73 in regulating protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Marini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Barak Rotblat
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Thomas Sbarrato
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - John R P Knight
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Dudek
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Jones
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Bushell
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E Willis
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom;
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom;
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, IDI-IRCCS (Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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48
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Ruszkowski M, Sekula B, Ruszkowska A, Dauter Z. Chloroplastic Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase From Medicago truncatula: A Structural Characterization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:584. [PMID: 29868052 PMCID: PMC5958214 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT, EC 2.1.2.1) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme which catalyzes the reversible serine-to-glycine conversion in either a tetrahydrofolate-dependent or -independent manner. The enzyme is also responsible for the tetrahydrofolate-independent cleavage of other β-hydroxy amino acids. In addition to being an essential player in the serine homeostasis, SHMT action is the main source of activated one-carbon units, which links SHMT activity with the control of cell proliferation. In plants, studies of SHMT enzymes are more complicated than of those of, e.g., bacterial or mammalian origins because plant genomes encode multiple SHMT isozymes that are targeted to different subcellular compartments: cytosol, mitochondria, plastids, and nucleus. Here we report crystal structures of chloroplast-targeted SHMT from Medicago truncatula (MtSHMT3). MtSHMT3 is a tetramer in solution, composed of two tight and obligate dimers. Our complexes with PLP internal aldimine, PLP-serine and PLP-glycine external aldimines, and PLP internal aldimine with a free glycine reveal structural details of the MtSHMT3-catalyzed reaction. Capturing the enzyme in different stages along the course of the slow tetrahydrofolate-independent serine-to-glycine conversion allowed to observe a unique conformation of the PLP-serine γ-hydroxyl group, and a concerted movement of two tyrosine residues in the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milosz Ruszkowski
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Section of MCL, National Cancer Institute, Argonne, IL, United States
| | - Bartosz Sekula
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Section of MCL, National Cancer Institute, Argonne, IL, United States
| | - Agnieszka Ruszkowska
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Zbigniew Dauter
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Section of MCL, National Cancer Institute, Argonne, IL, United States
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49
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Vikhreva P, Melino G, Amelio I. p73 Alternative Splicing: Exploring a Biological Role for the C-Terminal Isoforms. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:1829-1838. [PMID: 29733853 PMCID: PMC5995411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
p73 (encoded by TP73 gene) is a p53 related protein that functions as a transcriptional factor. Similarly to p53, following DNA damage, p73 is stabilized and activated and controls expression of target genes that are involved in the regulation of cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, great complexity to the function of this gene is given by the wide range of its non-tumor-related roles, which include neurological development, ciliogenesis and fertility. From the structural point of view, p73 displays an intricate range of regulations because it can be expressed both as an N-terminally deleted dominant-negative isoforms and as multiple alternatively spliced C-terminal isoforms, which can include or not a sterile alpha motif domain. More is known about the functions of the N-terminal isoforms of p73 (TAp73 and ΔNp73) and their opposing pro- and anti-apoptotic roles, whereas the functional differences of the distinct C-terminal splice forms of p73 are very far away from been defined. Here we summarize the current available literature regarding p73 C-terminal isoforms and the contribution of the sterile alpha motif domain to p73 function, trying to provide an unified view in this complex and sometime controversial field. Current data indicate that the full-length, TAp73α, is the major, if not the exclusive, isoform detected in physiological systems, indicating that detailed spatio-temporal expression analysis and functional studies are highly demanded to support a physiological role for the p73 alternative splicing. With this article, we also aim to emphasize the need to further investigation on the topic, refocusing the attention on what we believe are the most relevant unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Vikhreva
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Melino
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, IDI-IRCCS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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50
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Xie N, Vikhreva P, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Amelio I, Barlev N, Knight RA, Melino G. Integrin-β4 is a novel transcriptional target of TAp73. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:589-594. [PMID: 29233040 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1403684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of p53 family, p73 has attracted intense investigations due to its structural and functional similarities to p53. Among more than ten p73 variants, the transactivation (TA) domain-containing isoform TAp73 is the one that imitates the p53's behavior most. TAp73 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, which endows it the capacity of tumour suppression. Also, it can exert diverse biological influences on cells through activating a complex and context dependent transcriptional programme. The transcriptional activities further broaden its roles in more intricate biological processes. In this article, we report that p73 is a positive regulator of a cell adhesion related gene named integrin β4 (ITGB4). This finding may have implications for the dissection of the biological mechanisms underlining p73 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxia Xie
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom.,b Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome 00133 , Italy
| | - Polina Vikhreva
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom
| | | | - Ivano Amelio
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom
| | - Nicolai Barlev
- d Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences , Saint-Petersburg , 194064 , Russia
| | - Richard A Knight
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Melino
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom.,b Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome 00133 , Italy.,d Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences , Saint-Petersburg , 194064 , Russia
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