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Chen YC, Gowda K, Amin S, Schell TD, Sharma AK, Robertson GP. Pharmacological agents targeting drug-tolerant persister cells in cancer. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107163. [PMID: 38569982 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Current cancer therapy can be effective, but the development of drug resistant disease is the usual outcome. These drugs can eliminate most of the tumor burden but often fail to eliminate the rare, "Drug Tolerant Persister" (DTP) cell subpopulations in residual tumors, which can be referred to as "Persister" cells. Therefore, novel therapeutic agents specifically targeting or preventing the development of drug-resistant tumors mediated by the remaining persister cells subpopulations are needed. Since approximately ninety percent of cancer-related deaths occur because of the eventual development of drug resistance, identifying, and dissecting the biology of the persister cells is essential for the creation of drugs to target them. While there remains uncertainty surrounding all the markers identifying DTP cells in the literature, this review summarizes the drugs and therapeutic approaches that are available to target the persister cell subpopulations expressing the cellular markers ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 5 (ABCB5), CD133, CD271, Lysine-specific histone demethylase 5 (KDM5), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Persister cells expressing these markers were selected as the focus of this review because they have been found on cells surviving following drug treatments that promote recurrent drug resistant cancer and are associated with stem cell-like properties, including self-renewal, differentiation, and resistance to therapy. The limitations and obstacles facing the development of agents targeting these DTP cell subpopulations are detailed, with discussion of potential solutions and current research areas needing further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Todd D Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; The Pennsylvania State University Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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2
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Wu Y, Guo W, Wang T, Liu Y, Mullor MDMR, Rodrìguez RA, Zhao S, Wei R. The comprehensive landscape of prognosis, immunity, and function of the GLI family by pan-cancer and single-cell analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5123-5148. [PMID: 38498906 PMCID: PMC11006459 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancers. However, the roles of the downstream GLI family (GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3) in tumorigenesis remain elusive. This study aimed to unravel the genetic alterations of GLI1/2/3 in cancer and their association with the immune microenvironment and related signaling pathways. Firstly, we evaluated the expression profiles of GLI1/2/3 in different cancer types, analyzed their prognostic and predictive values, and assessed their correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Secondly, we explored the relationships between GLI1/2/3 and genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications, and clinically relevant drugs. Finally, we performed enrichment analysis to decipher the underlying mechanisms of GLI1/2/3 in cancer initiation and progression. Our results revealed that the expression levels of GLI1/2/3 were positively correlated in most cancer tissues, suggesting a cooperative role of these factors in tumorigenesis. We also identified tissue-specific expression patterns of GLI1/2/3, which may reflect the distinct functions of these factors in different cell types. Furthermore, GLI1/2/3 expression displayed significant associations with poor prognosis in several cancers, indicating their potential as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Importantly, we found that GLI1/2/3 modulated the immune microenvironment by regulating the recruitment, activation, and polarization of cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages. Additionally, functional enrichment analyses indicated that GLI1/2/3 are involved in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Together, our findings shed new light on the roles of GLI1/2/3 in tumorigenesis and provide a potential basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting GLI-mediated signaling pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinteng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Wenliang Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guigang City People’s Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | | | | | - Shijian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650102, China
| | - Ruqiong Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
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3
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Zhuang Y, Liu L, Liu M, Fu J, Ai X, Long D, Leng X, Zhang Y, Gong X, Shang X, Li C, Huang B, Zhou Y, Ning X, Dong S, Feng C. The sonic hedgehog pathway suppresses oxidative stress and senescence in nucleus pulposus cells to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration via GPX4. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166961. [PMID: 37979732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of intervertebral disc (IVD) homeostasis caused by oxidative stress and nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) senescence is a main cause of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway plays an important role in IVD development, but its roles in IDD are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Shh pathway on the alleviation of IDD and the related mechanisms. In vivo, the effect of the Shh pathway on IVD homeostasis was studied by intraperitoneal injection of recombinant Shh (rShh) and GANT61 based on puncture-induced IDD. GANT61, lentivirus-coated sh-Gli1 and rShh were used to investigate the role and mechanism of the Shh pathway in NPCs based on senescence induced by Braco19 and oxidative stress induced by TBHP. Shh pathway expression decreased, and senescence and oxidative stress increased with age. Intraperitoneal injection of rShh activated the Shh pathway to suppress oxidative stress and NPC senescence and consequently alleviated needle puncture-induced IDD. In vitro, the Shh pathway upregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression to suppress oxidative stress and senescence in NPCs. Moreover, GPX4 suppression in NPCs by si-GPX4 significantly reduced the protective effect of the Shh pathway on oxidative stress and senescence in NPCs. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the Shh pathway plays a key role in the alleviation of IDD by suppressing oxidative stress and cell senescence in NP tissues. This study provides a new potential target for the prevention and reversal of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Libangxi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Jiawei Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Xuezheng Ai
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Dan Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Xue Leng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Xunren Gong
- Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Xu Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China.
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
| | - Chencheng Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
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4
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Maresca L, Crivaro E, Migliorini F, Anichini G, Giammona A, Pepe S, Poggialini F, Vagaggini C, Giannini G, Sestini S, Borgognoni L, Lapucci A, Dreassi E, Taddei M, Manetti F, Petricci E, Stecca B. Targeting GLI1 and GLI2 with small molecule inhibitors to suppress GLI-dependent transcription and tumor growth. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106858. [PMID: 37473878 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Hedgehog (HH) signaling in cancer is the result of genetic alterations of upstream pathway components (canonical) or other oncogenic mechanisms (noncanonical), that ultimately concur to activate the zinc-finger transcription factors GLI1 and GLI2. Therefore, inhibition of GLI activity is a good therapeutic option to suppress both canonical and noncanonical activation of the HH pathway. However, only a few GLI inhibitors are available, and none of them have the profile required for clinical development due to poor metabolic stability and aqueous solubility, and high hydrophobicity. Two promising quinoline inhibitors of GLI were selected by virtual screening and subjected to hit-to-lead optimization, thus leading to the identification of the 4-methoxy-8-hydroxyquinoline derivative JC19. This molecule impaired GLI1 and GLI2 activities in several cellular models interfering with the binding of GLI1 and GLI2 to DNA. JC19 suppressed cancer cell proliferation by enhancing apoptosis, inducing a strong anti-tumor response in several cancer cell lines in vitro. Specificity towards GLI1 and GLI2 was demonstrated by lower activity of JC19 in GLI1- or GLI2-depleted cancer cells. JC19 showed excellent metabolic stability and high passive permeability. Notably, JC19 inhibited GLI1-dependent melanoma xenograft growth in vivo, with no evidence of toxic effects in mice. These results highlight the potential of JC19 as a novel anti-cancer agent targeting GLI1 and GLI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Maresca
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Enrica Crivaro
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Migliorini
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Anichini
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giammona
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Pepe
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Serena Sestini
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Borgognoni
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapucci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taddei
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Elena Petricci
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
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5
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Shamsoon K, Hiraki D, Yoshida K, Takabatake K, Takebe H, Yokozeki K, Horie N, Fujita N, Nasrun NE, Okui T, Nagatsuka H, Abiko Y, Hosoya A, Saito T, Shimo T. The Role of Hedgehog Signaling in the Melanoma Tumor Bone Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108862. [PMID: 37240209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A crucial regulator in melanoma progression and treatment resistance is tumor microenvironments, and Hedgehog (Hh) signals activated in a tumor bone microenvironment are a potential new therapeutic target. The mechanism of bone destruction by melanomas involving Hh/Gli signaling in such a tumor microenvironment is unknown. Here, we analyzed surgically resected oral malignant melanoma specimens and observed that Sonic Hedgehog, Gli1, and Gli2 were highly expressed in tumor cells, vasculatures, and osteoclasts. We established a tumor bone destruction mouse model by inoculating B16 cells into the bone marrow space of the right tibial metaphysis of 5-week-old female C57BL mice. An intraperitoneal administration of GANT61 (40 mg/kg), a small-molecule inhibitor of Gli1 and Gli2, resulted in significant inhibition of cortical bone destruction, TRAP-positive osteoclasts within the cortical bone, and endomucin-positive tumor vessels. The gene set enrichment analysis suggested that genes involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and the PD-L1 expression pathway in cancer were significantly altered by the GANT61 treatment. A flow cytometry analysis revealed that PD-L1 expression was significantly decreased in cells in which late apoptosis was induced by the GANT61 treatment. These results suggest that molecular targeting of Gli1 and Gli2 may release immunosuppression of the tumor bone microenvironment through normalization of abnormal angiogenesis and bone remodeling in advanced melanoma with jaw bone invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnoon Shamsoon
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Daichi Hiraki
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Koki Yoshida
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takebe
- Division of Histology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kenji Yokozeki
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Naohiro Horie
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Naomasa Fujita
- Division of Dental Anesthesiology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Nisrina Ekayani Nasrun
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Okui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hosoya
- Division of Histology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimo
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
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Dong H, Zeng L, Chen W, Zhang Q, Wang F, Wu Y, Cui B, Qi J, Zhang X, Liu C, Deng J, Yu Y, Schmitt CA, Du J. N6-methyladenine-mediated aberrant activation of the lncRNA SOX2OT-GLI1 loop promotes non-small-cell lung cancer stemness. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:149. [PMID: 37149646 PMCID: PMC10164154 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01442-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advent of precision medicine and immunotherapy, mortality due to lung cancer remains high. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) cascade and its key terminal factor, glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), play a pivotal role in the stemness and drug resistance of lung cancer. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of non-canonical aberrant GLI1 upregulation. The SHH cascade was upregulated in stem spheres and chemo-resistant lung cancer cells and was accountable for drug resistance against multiple chemotherapy regimens. GLI1 and the long non-coding RNA SOX2OT were positively regulated, and the GLI1-SOX2OT loop mediated the proliferation of parental and stem-like lung cancer cells. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that SOX2OT facilitated METTL3/14/IGF2BP2-mediated m6A modification and stabilization of the GLI1 mRNA. Additionally, SOX2OT upregulated METTL3/14/IGF2BP2 by sponging miR-186-5p. Functional analysis corroborated that GLI1 acted as a downstream target of METTL3/14/IGF2BP2, and GLI1 silencing could block the oncogenicity of lung cancer stem-like cells. Pharmacological inhibition of the loop remarkably inhibited the oncogenesis of lung cancer cells in vivo. Compared with paired adjacent normal tissues, lung cancer specimens exhibited consistently upregulated GLI1/SOX2OT/METTL3/14/IGF2BP2. The m6A-modified GLI1-SOX2OT loop may serve as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic predictor for lung cancer therapy and diagnosis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Dong
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lili Zeng
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bingjie Cui
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Xin Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Hematology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cuilan Liu
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Deng
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yu
- Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Clemens A Schmitt
- Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria.
- Kepler University Hospital, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020, Linz, Austria.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum - MKFZ, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße, 1013125, Berlin, Germany.
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jing Du
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China.
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China.
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7
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Piteša N, Kurtović M, Bartoniček N, Gkotsi DS, Čonkaš J, Petrić T, Musani V, Ozretić P, Riobo-Del Galdo NA, Sabol M. Signaling Switching from Hedgehog-GLI to MAPK Signaling Potentially Serves as a Compensatory Mechanism in Melanoma Cell Lines Resistant to GANT-61. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051353. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Melanoma represents the deadliest skin cancer due to its cell plasticity which results in high metastatic potential and chemoresistance. Melanomas frequently develop resistance to targeted therapy; therefore, new combination therapy strategies are required. Non-canonical signaling interactions between HH-GLI and RAS/RAF/ERK signaling were identified as one of the drivers of melanoma pathogenesis. Therefore, we decided to investigate the importance of these non-canonical interactions in chemoresistance, and examine the potential for HH-GLI and RAS/RAF/ERK combined therapy. Methods: We established two melanoma cell lines resistant to the GLI inhibitor, GANT-61, and characterized their response to other HH-GLI and RAS/RAF/ERK inhibitors. Results: We successfully established two melanoma cell lines resistant to GANT-61. Both cell lines showed HH-GLI signaling downregulation and increased invasive cell properties like migration potential, colony forming capacity, and EMT. However, they differed in MAPK signaling activity, cell cycle regulation, and primary cilia formation, suggesting different potential mechanisms responsible for resistance occurrence. Conclusions: Our study provides the first ever insights into cell lines resistant to GANT-61 and shows potential mechanisms connected to HH-GLI and MAPK signaling which may represent new hot spots for noncanonical signaling interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Piteša
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matea Kurtović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Bartoniček
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Genome Informatics, Genomics & Epigenetics Division, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- The Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, 370 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Danai S. Gkotsi
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Molecular Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Josipa Čonkaš
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tina Petrić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Musani
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natalia A. Riobo-Del Galdo
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Molecular Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Cancer Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Maja Sabol
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Horák P, Kreisingerová K, Réda J, Ondrušová L, Balko J, Vachtenheim J, Žáková P, Vachtenheim J. The Hedgehog/GLI signaling pathway activates transcription of Slug (Snail2) in melanoma cells. Oncol Rep 2023; 49:75. [PMID: 36866769 PMCID: PMC10018456 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In melanoma and other cancers, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, metastasis and cancer stem cell maintenance are regulated by transcription factors including the Snail family. Slug (Snail2) protein generally supports migration and apoptosis resistance. However, its role in melanoma is not completely understood. The present study investigated the transcriptional regulation of the SLUG gene in melanoma. It demonstrated that SLUG is under the control of the Hedgehog/GLI signaling pathway and is activated predominantly by the transcription factor GLI2. The SLUG gene promoter contains a high number of GLI-binding sites. Slug expression is activated by GLI factors in reporter assays and inhibited by GANT61 (GLI inhibitor) and cyclopamine (SMO inhibitor). SLUG mRNA levels are lowered by GANT61 as assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed abundant binding of factors GLI1-3 in the four subregions of the proximal SLUG promoter. Notably, melanoma-associated transcription factor (MITF) is an imperfect activator of the SLUG promoter in reporter assays, and downregulation of MITF had no effect on endogenous Slug protein levels. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the above findings and showed MITF-negative regions in metastatic melanoma that were positive for GLI2 and Slug. Taken together, the results demonstrated a previously unrecognized transcriptional activation mechanism of the SLUG gene, which may represent its main regulation of expression in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Horák
- Department of Transcription and Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kreisingerová
- Department of Transcription and Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Réda
- Department of Transcription and Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Ondrušová
- Department of Transcription and Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balko
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vachtenheim
- 3rd Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Žáková
- Department of Transcription and Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vachtenheim
- Department of Transcription and Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
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Ben Guebila M, Wang T, Lopes-Ramos CM, Fanfani V, Weighill D, Burkholz R, Schlauch D, Paulson JN, Altenbuchinger M, Shutta KH, Sonawane AR, Lim J, Calderer G, van IJzendoorn DGP, Morgan D, Marin A, Chen CY, Song Q, Saha E, DeMeo DL, Padi M, Platig J, Kuijjer ML, Glass K, Quackenbush J. The Network Zoo: a multilingual package for the inference and analysis of gene regulatory networks. Genome Biol 2023; 24:45. [PMID: 36894939 PMCID: PMC9999668 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inference and analysis of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) require software that integrates multi-omic data from various sources. The Network Zoo (netZoo; netzoo.github.io) is a collection of open-source methods to infer GRNs, conduct differential network analyses, estimate community structure, and explore the transitions between biological states. The netZoo builds on our ongoing development of network methods, harmonizing the implementations in various computing languages and between methods to allow better integration of these tools into analytical pipelines. We demonstrate the utility using multi-omic data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. We will continue to expand the netZoo to incorporate additional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouen Ben Guebila
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Camila M Lopes-Ramos
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Viola Fanfani
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Des Weighill
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebekka Burkholz
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniel Schlauch
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: Genospace, LLC, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph N Paulson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Michael Altenbuchinger
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katherine H Shutta
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhijeet R Sonawane
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Lim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Present Address: Monoceros Biosystems, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Genis Calderer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David G P van IJzendoorn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Morgan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong University, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Cho-Yi Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Qi Song
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Enakshi Saha
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megha Padi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - John Platig
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marieke L Kuijjer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Center for Computational Oncology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chen J, Hai Y, Hu Q, Chen C, Jiang X, Gao Y. TGF-β Signaling Activation Confers Anlotinib Resistance in Gastric Cancer. Pharm Res 2023; 40:689-699. [PMID: 36539669 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) has always been a great threat to human health due to its aggressiveness and lethality. Anlotinib, a novel multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been certified its anti-tumor effects on various tumors. Nonetheless, there are few studies on applying anlotinib as a treatment for GC. The underlying mechanism of acquired resistance during anlotinib administration remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the toxicologic effects of anlotinib on GC cells through CCK8, colony-forming, and flow cytometry assays in vitro and xenograft models in vivo. Anlotinib-resistant GC cells, AGS-R and MGC803-R, were generated and characterized by cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. The signaling pathways involved in anlotinib resistance were probed using Cignal™ Finder 10-Pathway Reporter Array. Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the relationships. The TGF-β inhibitor LY364947 was introduced to demonstrate the importance of TGF-β signaling in anlotinib resistance via a series of functional assays. RESULTS Anlotinib suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis in vitro and inhibited tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo, while its anti-tumor effects were impaired in anlotinib-resistant cells. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assays and western blot indicated TGF-β signaling was activated in anlotinib-resistant GC cells. LY364947 combined with Anlotinib exerted a better antineoplastic effect than monotherapy and considerably reversed the anlotinib resistance in GC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that TGF-β signaling may take a significant part in anlotinib resistance in GC. The suppression of TGF-β signaling may be a possible and promising approach for the GC oncotherapy when combined with anlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingde Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Ji-Mo Rd., Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Oncology, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, Ji'an, 343000, China
| | - Yanan Hai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Ji-Mo Rd., Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Ji-Mo Rd., Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Ji-Mo Rd., Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Ji-Mo Rd., Shanghai, 200120, China.
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11
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Wang K, Xiang YJ, Yu HM, Cheng YQ, Liu ZH, Zhong JY, Feng S, Ni QZ, Zhu HF, Pan WW, Li JJ, Liang C, Zhou HK, Meng Y, Lau WY, Cheng SQ. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with systemic atezolizumab and bevacizumab in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic portal vein tumor thrombus: A preliminary multicenter single-arm prospective study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107542. [PMID: 36875125 PMCID: PMC9978499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The efficacy and safety of systemic atezolizumab and bevacizumab (atezo/bev) in treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been demonstrated. However, the efficacy of this treatment in patients with HCC and extrahepatic portal vein tumor thrombus (ePVTT) is not satisfactory. This study aimed to study the efficacy and safety of combining intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with systemic atezo/bev in treatment of these patients. Methods This multicenter prospective study included patients with ePVTT treated with IMRT combined with atezo/bev from March to September 2021 in three centers in China. The outcomes of this study included objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), time to progression (TTP), and association between response and tumor mutational burden (TMB). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were analyzed to assess safety. Results Of 30 patients in this study, the median follow-up was 7.4 months. Based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, the ORR was 76.6%, the median OS for the entire cohort was 9.8 months, the median PFS was 8.0 months, and the median TTP was not reached. This study failed to establish a significant correlation between TMB with any of the following outcomes, including ORR, OS, PFS or TTP. The most common TRAEs at all levels were neutropenia (46.7%), and the most common grade 3/4 TRAE was hypertension (16.7%). There was no treatment-related deaths. Conclusions IMRT combined with atezo/bev showed encouraging treatment efficacy with an acceptable safety profile, making this treatment to be a promising option for HCC patients with ePVTT. Further studies are required to support the findings of this preliminary study. Clinical trial registration http://www.chictr.org.cn, Identifier ChiCTR2200061793.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jun Xiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Ming Yu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zong-Han Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ya Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Zhi Ni
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Fei Zhu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.,G60 STI Valley Industry & Innovation Institute, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Kun Zhou
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shu-Qun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.,Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,The First Hospital of Jiaxing Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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12
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Vital PDS, Bonatelli M, Dias MP, de Salis LVV, Pinto MT, Baltazar F, Maria-Engler SS, Pinheiro C. 3-Bromopyruvate Suppresses the Malignant Phenotype of Vemurafenib-Resistant Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415650. [PMID: 36555289 PMCID: PMC9779063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) BRAF mutations are associated with high mortality and are a substantial factor in therapeutic decisions. Therapies targeting BRAF-mutated tumors, such as vemurafenib (PLX), have significantly improved the overall survival of melanoma patients. However, patient relapse and low response rates remain challenging, even with contemporary therapeutic alternatives. Highly proliferative tumors often rely on glycolysis to sustain their aggressive phenotype. 3-bromopyruvate (3BP) is a promising glycolysis inhibitor reported to mitigate resistance in tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of 3BP as an antineoplastic agent for PLX-resistant melanoma treatment. (2) The effect of 3BP alone or in combination with PLX on viability, proliferation, colony formation, cell death, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal marker and metabolic protein expression, extracellular glucose and lactate, and reactive species were evaluated in two PLX-resistant melanoma cell lines. (3) 3BP treatment, which was more effective as monotherapy than combined with PLX, disturbed the metabolic and epithelial-mesenchymal profile of PLX-resistant cells, impairing their proliferation, migration, and invasion and triggering cell death. (4) 3BP monotherapy is a potent metabolic-disrupting agent against PLX-resistant melanomas, supporting the suppression of the malignant phenotype in this type of neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik da Silva Vital
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo Bonatelli
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Pereira Dias
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Vedovato Vilela de Salis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil
- Barretos School of Health Sciences Dr. Paulo Prata—FACISB, Barretos 14785-002, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Tomazini Pinto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Céline Pinheiro
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil
- Barretos School of Health Sciences Dr. Paulo Prata—FACISB, Barretos 14785-002, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(17)-3321-3060
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Sriramareddy SN, Faião-Flores F, Emmons MF, Saha B, Chellappan S, Wyatt C, Smalley I, Licht JD, Durante MA, Harbour JW, Smalley KS. HDAC11 activity contributes to MEK inhibitor escape in uveal melanoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1840-1846. [PMID: 35332245 PMCID: PMC9508287 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that pan-HDAC inhibitors could limit escape from MEK inhibitor (MEKi) therapy in uveal melanoma (UM) through suppression of AKT and YAP/TAZ signaling. Here, we focused on the role of specific HDACs in therapy adaptation. Class 2 UM displayed higher expression of HDACs 1, 2, and 3 than Class 1, whereas HDACs 6, 8, and 11 were uniformly expressed. Treatment of UM cells with MEKi led to modulation of multiple HDACs, with the strongest increases observed in HDAC11. RNA-seq analysis showed MEKi to decrease the expression of multiple HDAC11 target genes. Silencing of HDAC11 significantly reduced protein deacetylation, enhanced the apoptotic response to MEKi and reduced growth in long-term colony formation assays across multiple UM cell lines. Knockdown of HDAC11 led to decreased expression of TAZ in some UM cell lines, accompanied by decreased YAP/TAZ transcriptional activity and reduced expression of multiple YAP/TAZ target genes. Further studies showed this decrease in TAZ expression to be associated with increased LKB1 activation and modulation of glycolysis. In an in vivo model of uveal melanoma, silencing of HDAC11 limited the escape to MEKi therapy, an effect associated with reduced levels of Ki67 staining and increased cleaved caspase-3. We have demonstrated a novel role for adaptive HDAC11 activity in UM cells, that in some cases modulates YAP/TAZ signaling leading to MEKi escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Neelature Sriramareddy
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Fernanda Faião-Flores
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael F. Emmons
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Biswarup Saha
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Srikumar Chellappan
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Clayton Wyatt
- Department of Cancer Physiology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Inna Smalley
- Department of Cancer Physiology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Keiran S.M. Smalley
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA.,To whom correspondence should be addressed, Tel: 813-745-8725, Fax: 813-449-8260,
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Sharma U, Tuli HS, Uttam V, Choudhary R, Sharma B, Sharma U, Prakash H, Jain A. Role of Hedgehog and Hippo signaling pathways in cancer: A special focus on non-coding RNAs. Pharmacol Res 2022; 186:106523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Kurtović M, Piteša N, Bartoniček N, Ozretić P, Musani V, Čonkaš J, Petrić T, King C, Sabol M. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq Identification of Unique and Overlapping Targets of GLI Transcription Factors in Melanoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184540. [PMID: 36139698 PMCID: PMC9497141 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant progress in therapy, melanoma still has a rising incidence worldwide, and novel treatment strategies are needed. Recently, researchers have recognized the involvement of the Hedgehog-GLI (HH-GLI) signaling pathway in melanoma and its consistent crosstalk with the MAPK pathway. In order to further investigate the link between the two pathways and to find new target genes that could be considered for combination therapy, we set out to find transcriptional targets of all three GLI proteins in melanoma. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing on three melanoma cell lines (CHL-1, A375, and MEL224) with overexpressed GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 and combined them with the results of ChIP-sequencing on endogenous GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 proteins. After combining these results, 21 targets were selected for validation by qPCR. RESULTS RNA-seq revealed a total of 808 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for GLI1, 941 DEGs for GLI2, and 58 DEGs for GLI3. ChIP-seq identified 527 genes that contained GLI1 binding sites in their promoters, 1103 for GLI2 and 553 for GLI3. A total of 15 of these targets were validated in the tested cell lines, 6 of which were detected by both RNA-seq and ChIP-seq. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insight into the unique and overlapping transcriptional output of the GLI proteins in melanoma. We suggest that our findings could provide new potential targets to consider while designing melanoma-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Kurtović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Piteša
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Bartoniček
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- The Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, 370 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Musani
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Čonkaš
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tina Petrić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cecile King
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maja Sabol
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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17
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D'Angelo SP, Richards AL, Conley AP, Woo HJ, Dickson MA, Gounder M, Kelly C, Keohan ML, Movva S, Thornton K, Rosenbaum E, Chi P, Nacev B, Chan JE, Slotkin EK, Kiesler H, Adamson T, Ling L, Rao P, Patel S, Livingston JA, Singer S, Agaram NP, Antonescu CR, Koff A, Erinjeri JP, Hwang S, Qin LX, Donoghue MTA, Tap WD. Pilot study of bempegaldesleukin in combination with nivolumab in patients with metastatic sarcoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3477. [PMID: 35710741 PMCID: PMC9203519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-1 blockade (nivolumab) efficacy remains modest for metastatic sarcoma. In this paper, we present an open-label, non-randomized, non-comparative pilot study of bempegaldesleukin, a CD122-preferential interleukin-2 pathway agonist, with nivolumab in refractory sarcoma at Memorial Sloan Kettering/MD Anderson Cancer Centers (NCT03282344). We report on the primary outcome of objective response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints of toxicity, clinical benefit, progression-free survival, overall survival, and durations of response/treatment. In 84 patients in 9 histotype cohorts, all patients experienced ≥1 adverse event and treatment-related adverse event; 1 death was possibly treatment-related. ORR was highest in angiosarcoma (3/8) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (2/10), meeting predefined endpoints. Results of our exploratory investigation of predictive biomarkers show: CD8 + T cell infiltrates and PD-1 expression correlate with improved ORR; upregulation of immune-related pathways correlate with improved efficacy; Hedgehog pathway expression correlate with resistance. Exploration of this combination in selected sarcomas, and of Hedgehog signaling as a predictive biomarker, warrants further study in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P D'Angelo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Allison L Richards
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Anthony P Conley
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hyung Jun Woo
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mark A Dickson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mrinal Gounder
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ciara Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mary Louise Keohan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sujana Movva
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Thornton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Evan Rosenbaum
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Nacev
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jason E Chan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Emily K Slotkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Kiesler
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Travis Adamson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Lilan Ling
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Pavitra Rao
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Shreyaskumar Patel
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan A Livingston
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Narasimhan P Agaram
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Koff
- Program in Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Joseph P Erinjeri
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sinchun Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Li-Xuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mark T A Donoghue
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - William D Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
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18
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Dunjic M, Lukic N, Djordjevic B, Uzelac B, Ostojic N, Supic G. GLI-1 polymorphisms of Hedgehog pathway as novel risk and prognostic biomarkers in melanoma patients. Melanoma Res 2022; 32:11-7. [PMID: 34939981 DOI: 10.1097/CMR.0000000000000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In adult organisms, deregulation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is significantly correlated with different malignancies. Currently, data associating genetic polymorphisms in the SHH pathway with melanoma are scarce and largely unknown. The objective of our study was to elucidate an association between gene polymorphisms in the SHH pathway and prognosis of melanoma skin cancer patients. The current study investigated the association of PTCH1 (rs357564), SMO (rs2228617) and GLI1 (rs2228224, rs2228226), polymorphisms with melanoma predisposition and prognosis. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were assessed by TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. The study involved 93 melanoma patients and 97 individuals in the control group. Melanoma patients with the variant mutant genotype GG of GLI1 rs2228226 polymorphism had poorer overall survival and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.037, respectively). The multivariate analysis revealed that disease progression [hazard ratio (HR) = 14.434, P = 0.0001] and the GLI1 rs2228226 polymorphism (HR = 4.161, P = 0.006) persisted as independent prognostic factors. Mutated allele carriers (combined heterozygous and mutated genotypes) for GLI1 rs2228224 G and GLI1 rs2228226 G allele significantly increased melanoma risk [odds ratio (OR) = 2.261, P = 0.007; OR = 2.176, P = 0.010]. Our study demonstrated that genetic variants in GLI1, downstream member of the HH signaling pathway, are the risk factors for melanoma susceptibility and it can be a novel marker for melanoma prognosis. As a crucial SHH signaling member, GLI1 can also be regarded as a novel drug target for anti-cancer treatment in melanoma.
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19
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Siena ÁDD, Barros IID, Storti CB, de Biagi Júnior CAO, da Costa Carvalho LA, Maria-Engler SS, Sousa JDF, Silva WA. Upregulation of the novel lncRNA U731166 is associated with migration, invasion and vemurafenib resistance in melanoma. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:671-683. [PMID: 35040264 PMCID: PMC8817119 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work using a melanoma progression model composed of melanocytic cells (melanocytes, primary and metastatic melanoma samples) demonstrated various deregulated genes, including a few known lncRNAs. Further analysis was conducted to discover novel lncRNAs associated with melanoma, and candidates were prioritized for their potential association with invasiveness or other metastasis‐related processes. In this sense, we found the intergenic lncRNA U73166 (ENSG00000230454) and decided to explore its effects in melanoma. For that, we silenced the lncRNA U73166 expression using shRNAs in a melanoma cell line. Next, we experimentally investigated its functions and found that migration and invasion had significantly decreased in knockdown cells, indicating an essential association of lncRNA U73166 for cancer processes. Additionally, using naïve and vemurafenib‐resistant cell lines and data from a patient before and after resistance, we found that vemurafenib‐resistant samples had a higher expression of lncRNA U73166. Also, we retrieved data from the literature that indicates lncRNA U73166 may act as a mediator of RNA processing and cell invasion, probably inducing a more aggressive phenotype. Therefore, our results suggest a relevant role of lncRNA U73166 in metastasis development. We also pointed herein the lncRNA U73166 as a new possible biomarker or target to help overcome clinical vemurafenib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádamo Davi Diógenes Siena
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell Based Therapy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ichihara de Barros
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell Based Therapy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Baldin Storti
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell Based Therapy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Oliveira de Biagi Júnior
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell Based Therapy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Wilson Araújo Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell Based Therapy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Integrative Systems Biology-CISBi, NAP/USP, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Institute for Cancer Research, Cidade dos Lagos, Guarapuava, Brazil
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20
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Fang F, Sup M, Luzzi A, Ferrer X, Thomopoulos S. Hedgehog signaling underlying tendon and enthesis development and pathology. Matrix Biol 2022; 105:87-103. [PMID: 34954379 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been widely acknowledged to play essential roles in many developmental processes, including endochondral ossification and growth plate maintenance. Furthermore, a rising number of studies have shown that Hh signaling is necessary for tendon enthesis development. Specifically, the well-tuned regulation of Hh signaling during development drives the formation of a mineral gradient across the tendon enthesis fibrocartilage. However, aberrant Hh signaling can also lead to pathologic heterotopic ossification in tendon or osteophyte formation at the enthesis. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of Hh signaling modulation for treating tendon and enthesis diseases remains uncertain. For example, increased Hh signaling may enhance tendon-to-bone healing by promoting the formation of mineralized fibrocartilage at the healing interface, but pathologic heterotopic ossification may also be triggered in the adjacent tendon. Further work is needed to elucidate the distinct functions of Hh signaling in the tendon and enthesis to support the development of therapies that target the pathway.
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21
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Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, which is well studied for its ability to inhibit cell proliferation in early stages of tumorigenesis while promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in advanced cancer, is considered to act as a double-edged sword in cancer. Multiple inhibitors have been developed to target TGF-β signaling, but results from clinical trials were inconsistent, suggesting that the functions of TGF-β in human cancers are not yet fully explored. Multiple drug resistance is a major challenge in cancer therapy; emerging evidence indicates that TGF-β signaling may be a key factor in cancer resistance to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Finally, combining anti-TGF-β therapy with other cancer therapy is an attractive venue to be explored for the treatment of therapy-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yi Zhang
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yongze Chen
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hezhe Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Oliveira ÉAD, Chauhan J, Silva JRD, Carvalho LADC, Dias D, Carvalho DGD, Watanabe LRM, Rebecca VW, Mills G, Lu Y, da Silva ASF, Consolaro MEL, Herlyn M, Possik PA, Goding CR, Maria-Engler SS. TOP1 modulation during melanoma progression and in adaptative resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105911. [PMID: 34560251 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In melanomas, therapy resistance can arise due to a combination of genetic, epigenetic and phenotypic mechanisms. Due to its crucial role in DNA supercoil relaxation, TOP1 is often considered an essential chemotherapeutic target in cancer. However, how TOP1 expression and activity might differ in therapy sensitive versus resistant cell types is unknown. Here we show that TOP1 expression is increased in metastatic melanoma and correlates with an invasive gene expression signature. More specifically, TOP1 expression is highest in cells with the lowest expression of MITF, a key regulator of melanoma biology. Notably, TOP1 and DNA Single-Strand Break Repair genes are downregulated in BRAFi- and BRAFi/MEKi-resistant cells and TOP1 inhibition decreases invasion markers only in BRAFi/MEKi-resistant cells. Thus, we show three different phenotypes related to TOP1 levels: i) non-malignant cells with low TOP1 levels; ii) metastatic cells with high TOP1 levels and high invasiveness; and iii) BRAFi- and BRAFi/MEKi-resistant cells with low TOP1 levels and high invasiveness. Together, these results highlight the potential role of TOP1 in melanoma progression and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Aparecida de Oliveira
- Skin Biology Group, Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Brazil; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Jagat Chauhan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia Rezende da Silva
- Skin Biology Group, Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Anastacio da Costa Carvalho
- Skin Biology Group, Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Brazil
| | - Diogo Dias
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Luis Roberto Masao Watanabe
- Skin Biology Group, Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Brazil
| | - Vito W Rebecca
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Yiling Lu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aloisio Souza Felipe da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Anatomic Pathology Service, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia A Possik
- Division of Cellular Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Brazil
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Skin Biology Group, Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Brazil.
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Chai JY, Sugumar V, Alshawsh MA, Wong WF, Arya A, Chong PP, Looi CY. The Role of Smoothened-Dependent and -Independent Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Tumorigenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1188. [PMID: 34572373 PMCID: PMC8466551 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh)-glioma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) signaling pathway is highly conserved among mammals, with crucial roles in regulating embryonic development as well as in cancer initiation and progression. The GLI transcription factors (GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3) are effectors of the Hh pathway and are regulated via Smoothened (SMO)-dependent and SMO-independent mechanisms. The SMO-dependent route involves the common Hh-PTCH-SMO axis, and mutations or transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation at these levels lead to the constitutive activation of GLI transcription factors. Conversely, the SMO-independent route involves the SMO bypass regulation of GLI transcription factors by external signaling pathways and their interacting proteins or by epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of GLI transcription factors expression. Both routes of GLI activation, when dysregulated, have been heavily implicated in tumorigenesis of many known cancers, making them important targets for cancer treatment. Hence, this review describes the various SMO-dependent and SMO-independent routes of GLI regulation in the tumorigenesis of multiple cancers in order to provide a holistic view of the paradigms of hedgehog signaling networks involving GLI regulation. An in-depth understanding of the complex interplay between GLI and various signaling elements could help inspire new therapeutic breakthroughs for the treatment of Hh-GLI-dependent cancers in the future. Lastly, we have presented an up-to-date summary of the latest findings concerning the use of Hh inhibitors in clinical developmental studies and discussed the challenges, perspectives, and possible directions regarding the use of SMO/GLI inhibitors in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yi Chai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (J.Y.C.); (P.P.C.)
| | - Vaisnevee Sugumar
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | | | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Aditya Arya
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Building 184, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (J.Y.C.); (P.P.C.)
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (J.Y.C.); (P.P.C.)
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
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24
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Patmanathan SN, Tong BT, Jackie Teo JH, Jonathan Ting YZ, Tan NS, Kenice Sim SH, Ta YC, Woo WM. A PDZ Protein GIPC3 Positively Modulates Hedgehog Signaling and Melanoma Growth. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:179-188.e4. [PMID: 34224745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is essential for animal development but aberrant activation promotes cancer growth. Here we show that GIPC3, a PDZ domain-containing protein with putative adaptor protein function, positively modulates Hh target gene expression in normal fibroblasts and melanoma cells and supports melanoma tumor growth. Using overexpression and epistasis studies, we show that Gipc3 potentiates Hh transcriptional output and it modulates GLI-dependent transcription independently of Sufu. While we find GIPC3 protein does not interact with Hh pathway components, Ingenuity Pathway Analyses of GIPC3-interacting proteins identified by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry show an association with cancer pathogenesis. Subsequent interrogation of TCGA and The Human Protein Atlas databases reveals GIPC3 upregulation in many cancers. Using expression screens in selected groups of GIPC3-upregulated cancers with reported Hh pathway activation, we find a significant positive correlation of GIPC3 expression with Hh pathway components GLI1, GLI2, and GPR161, in melanoma lines. Consistently, GIPC3 knockdown in melanoma lines significantly reduces GLI1 and GLI2 expression, cell viability, colony formation, and allograft tumor growth. Our findings highlight previously unidentified roles of Gipc3 in potentiating Hh response and melanoma tumorigenesis, and suggest that GIPC3 modulation on Hh signaling may be targeted to reduce melanoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing Teck Tong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Jia Hao Jackie Teo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Yng-Cun Ta
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wei-Meng Woo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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25
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Wessely A, Steeb T, Berking C, Heppt MV. How Neural Crest Transcription Factors Contribute to Melanoma Heterogeneity, Cellular Plasticity, and Treatment Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115761. [PMID: 34071193 PMCID: PMC8198848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma represents one of the deadliest types of skin cancer. The prognosis strongly depends on the disease stage, thus early detection is crucial. New therapies, including BRAF and MEK inhibitors and immunotherapies, have significantly improved the survival of patients in the last decade. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance is still a challenge. In this review, we discuss two major aspects that contribute to the aggressiveness of melanoma, namely, the embryonic origin of melanocytes and melanoma cells and cellular plasticity. First, we summarize the physiological function of epidermal melanocytes and their development from precursor cells that originate from the neural crest (NC). Next, we discuss the concepts of intratumoral heterogeneity, cellular plasticity, and phenotype switching that enable melanoma to adapt to changes in the tumor microenvironment and promote disease progression and drug resistance. Finally, we further dissect the connection of these two aspects by focusing on the transcriptional regulators MSX1, MITF, SOX10, PAX3, and FOXD3. These factors play a key role in NC initiation, NC cell migration, and melanocyte formation, and we discuss how they contribute to cellular plasticity and drug resistance in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Wessely
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.W.); (T.S.); (C.B.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Theresa Steeb
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.W.); (T.S.); (C.B.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.W.); (T.S.); (C.B.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Vincent Heppt
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.W.); (T.S.); (C.B.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-35747
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Kumar V, Vashishta M, Kong L, Wu X, Lu JJ, Guha C, Dwarakanath BS. The Role of Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt Signaling Pathways in the Resistance of Tumors to Anticancer Therapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650772. [PMID: 33968932 PMCID: PMC8100510 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy is the major hurdle in the current cancer management. Cancer cells often rewire their cellular process to alternate mechanisms to resist the deleterious effect mounted by different therapeutic approaches. The major signaling pathways involved in the developmental process, such as Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt, play a vital role in development, tumorigenesis, and also in the resistance to the various anticancer therapies. Understanding how cancer utilizes these developmental pathways in acquiring the resistance to the multi-therapeutic approach cancer can give rise to a new insight of the anti-therapy resistance mechanisms, which can be explored for the development of a novel therapeutic approach. We present a brief overview of Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt signaling pathways in cancer and its role in providing resistance to various cancer treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Understanding the importance of these molecular networks will provide a rational basis for novel and safer combined anticancer therapeutic approaches for the improvement of cancer treatment by overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- R&D Dept, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohit Vashishta
- R&D Dept, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- R&D Dept, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiade J Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chandan Guha
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - B S Dwarakanath
- R&D Dept, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
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Gampala S, Zhang G, Chang CJ, Yang JY. Activation of AMPK sensitizes medulloblastoma to Vismodegib and overcomes Vismodegib-resistance. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:459-469. [PMID: 34124601 PMCID: PMC8171304 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vismodegib, a Smoothened antagonist, is clinically approved for treatment of human basal cell carcinoma (BCC), in the clinical trials of medulloblastoma (MB) and other cancers. However, a significant proportion of these tumors fail to respond to Vismodegib after a period of treatment. Here, we find that AMPK agonists, A769662, and Metformin, can inhibit GLI1 activity and synergize with Vismodegib to suppress MB cell growth invitro and invivo. Furthermore, combination of AMPK agonists with Vismodegib is effective in overcoming Vismodegib‐resistant MB. This is the first report demonstrating that combining AMPK agonist (Metformin) and SHH pathway inhibitor (Vismodegib) confers synergy for MB treatment and provides an effective chemotherapeutic regimen that can be used to overcome resistance to Vismodegib in SHH‐driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpa Gampala
- Department of Pediatrics Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - GuangJun Zhang
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Chun Ju Chang
- Department of Medicine Division of Translational Research Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo NY USA.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Research Center for Cancer Biology China Medical University Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yen Yang
- Department of Medicine Division of Translational Research Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo NY USA.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Research Center for Cancer Biology China Medical University Taichung City Taiwan
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Han J, Jung Y, Jun Y, Park S, Lee S. Elucidating molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma using a microfluidic device and deep sequencing. Genomics Inform 2021; 19:e2. [PMID: 33840166 PMCID: PMC8042304 DOI: 10.5808/gi.20074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors (e.g., vemurafenib) are widely used to treat metastatic melanoma with the BRAF V600E mutation. The initial response is often dramatic, but treatment resistance leads to disease progression in the majority of cases. Although secondary mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway are known to be responsible for this phenomenon, the molecular mechanisms governing acquired resistance are not known in more than half of patients. Here we report a genome- and transcriptome-wide study investigating the molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. A microfluidic chip with a concentration gradient of vemurafenib was utilized to rapidly obtain therapy-resistant clones from two melanoma cell lines with the BRAF V600E mutation (A375 and SK-MEL-28). Exome and transcriptome data were produced from 13 resistant clones and analyzed to identify secondary mutations and gene expression changes. Various mechanisms, including phenotype switching and metabolic reprogramming, have been determined to contribute to resistance development differently for each clone. The roles of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, the master transcription factor in melanocyte differentiation/dedifferentiation, were highlighted in terms of phenotype switching. Our study provides an omics-based comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms governing acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Han
- Department of Bio-information Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonjoo Jung
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yukyung Jun
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Sungsu Park
- Center for Supercomputing Application, Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Lee
- Department of Bio-information Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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29
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de Oliveira ÉA, Goding CR, Maria-Engler SS. Organotypic Models in Drug Development "Tumor Models and Cancer Systems Biology for the Investigation of Anticancer Drugs and Resistance Development". Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 265:269-301. [PMID: 32548785 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The landscape of cancer treatment has improved over the past decades, aiming to reduce systemic toxicity and enhance compatibility with the quality of life of the patient. However, at the therapeutic level, metastatic cancer remains hugely challenging, based on the almost inevitable emergence of therapy resistance. A small subpopulation of cells able to survive drug treatment termed the minimal residual disease may either harbor resistance-associated mutations or be phenotypically resistant, allowing them to regrow and become the dominant population in the therapy-resistant tumor. Characterization of the profile of minimal residual disease represents the key to the identification of resistance drivers that underpin cancer evolution. Therapeutic regimens must, therefore, be dynamic and tailored to take into account the emergence of resistance as tumors evolve within a complex microenvironment in vivo. This requires the adoption of new technologies based on the culture of cancer cells in ways that more accurately reflect the intratumor microenvironment, and their analysis using omics and system-based technologies to enable a new era in the diagnostics, classification, and treatment of many cancer types by applying the concept "from the cell plate to the patient." In this chapter, we will present and discuss 3D model building and use, and provide comprehensive information on new genomic techniques that are increasing our understanding of drug action and the emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Aparecida de Oliveira
- Skin Biology and Melanoma Lab, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Skin Biology and Melanoma Lab, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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do Nascimento Pedrosa T, Catarino CM, Pennacchi PC, de Moraes Barros SB, Maria-Engler SS. Skin Equivalent Models: Protocols for In Vitro Reconstruction for Dermal Toxicity Evaluation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2240:31-41. [PMID: 33423224 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1091-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This chapter presents the protocols for developing of skin equivalents (SE) and reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) models for dermal toxicity evaluation as an alternative method to animal use in research. It provides a detailed protocol for the in vitro reconstruction of human skin from primary keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts obtained from foreskin biopsies, including the procedures for reconstruction of a stratified epidermis on a polyester membrane. SE and RHE developed through these methods have been proven suitable not only for dermal toxicity studies, but also for investigating of pathological conditions in the skin, such as diabetes and invasion of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana do Nascimento Pedrosa
- Skin Biology and Melanoma Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Motter Catarino
- Skin Biology and Melanoma Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Comune Pennacchi
- Skin Biology and Melanoma Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Skin Biology and Melanoma Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, SP, Brazil.
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31
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Ji Z, Njauw CN, Guhan S, Kumar R, Reddy B, Rajadurai A, Flaherty K, Tsao H. Loss of ACK1 Upregulates EGFR and Mediates Resistance to BRAF Inhibition. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1317-1324.e1. [PMID: 33159968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Targeted BRAF(V600E) suppression by selective BRAF inhibitors (BRAFis; e.g., vemurafenib and dabrafenib) has led to a sea change in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Despite frequent upfront responses, acquired resistance has compromised long-term applicability. Among the various mechanisms of resistance, activation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases is a known critical factor that contributes to vemurafenib resistance. EGFR activation has been recurrently identified in a set of vemurafenib-resistant melanomas, but little is known about how EGFR, or possibly other receptor tyrosine kinases, becomes activated. Here, we report that ACK1, a protein kinase that modulates EGFR turnover, is downregulated in vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells. We also found that ACK1 depletion with short hairpin RNA decreased EGFR degradation when activated by epidermal growth factor, increased EGFR protein expression, and conferred resistance to BRAFis both in vitro and in vivo. Vemurafenib resistance mediated by ACK1 inhibition can be reversed by the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. Our data indicate that ACK1 loss may be a post-transcriptional mechanism that increases EGFR signaling and contributes to drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Ji
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ching-Ni Njauw
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha Guhan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bobby Reddy
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anpuchelvi Rajadurai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keith Flaherty
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Nguyen MHT, Lin CH, Liu SM, Miyashita A, Ihn H, Lin H, Ng CH, Tsai JC, Chen MH, Tsai MS, Lin IY, Liu SC, Li LY, Fukushima S, Lu J, Ma N. miR-524-5p reduces the progression of the BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma. Neoplasia 2020; 22:789-799. [PMID: 33142243 PMCID: PMC7642759 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors were approved for the treatment of BRAF-mutant melanoma. However, most patients acquire the resistance to BRAF inhibitors after several months of treatment. miR-524-5p is considered as a tumor suppressor in many cancers, including melanoma. In this study, we investigated the biological functions of miR-524-5p in melanoma with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor and evaluated the endogenous miR-524-5p expression as a biomarker for melanoma. The results showed that the expression of miR-524-5p was 0.481-fold lower in melanoma tissues (n = 117) than in nevus tissues (n = 40). Overexpression of miR-524-5p significantly reduced proliferative, anchorage-independent growth, migratory and invasive abilities of BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells. Moreover, the introduction of miR-524-5p led to a reduced development of BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma in vivo. Remarkably, the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway was decreased after treatment with miR-524-5p. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing analysis implied that the complement system, leukocyte extravasation, liver X receptor/retinoid-X-receptor activation, and cAMP-mediated signaling may be related to miR-524-5p-induced pathways in the resistant cells. The miR-524-5p level was higher on average in complete response and long-term partial response patients than in progressive disease and short-term partial response patients treated with BRAF inhibitors. Our results proposed that miR-524-5p could be considered as a target for treatment BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma and a prognostic marker in the response of patients to BRAF inhibitors for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Huong Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Huan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Mam Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Azusa Miyashita
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hsuan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi Hou Ng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Saint Paul's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Shiun Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - In-Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Long-Yuan Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Jean Lu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; National Core Facility Program for Biotechnology, National RNAi Platform, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Nianhan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Arasu UT, Deen AJ, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Heikkinen S, Lalowski M, Kärnä R, Härkönen K, Mäkinen P, Lázaro-Ibáñez E, Siljander PRM, Oikari S, Levonen AL, Rilla K. HAS3-induced extracellular vesicles from melanoma cells stimulate IHH mediated c-Myc upregulation via the hedgehog signaling pathway in target cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4093-4115. [PMID: 31820036 PMCID: PMC7532973 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is fundamental to the survival and maintenance of all multicellular systems, whereas dysregulation of communication pathways can drive cancer progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of cell-to-cell communication that regulate a variety of cellular processes involved in tumor progression. Overexpression of a specific plasma membrane enzyme, hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3), is one of the factors that can induce EV shedding. HAS3, and particularly its product hyaluronan (HA), are carried by EVs and are known to be associated with the tumorigenic properties of cancer cells. To elucidate the specific effects of cancerous, HAS3-induced EVs on target cells, normal human keratinocytes and melanoma cells were treated with EVs derived from GFP-HAS3 expressing metastatic melanoma cells. We found that the HA receptor CD44 participated in the regulation of EV binding to target cells. Furthermore, GFP-HAS3-positive EVs induced HA secretion, proliferation and invasion of target cells. Our results suggest that HAS3-EVs contains increased quantities of IHH, which activates the target cell hedgehog signaling cascade and leads to the activation of c-Myc and regulation of claspin expression. This signaling of IHH in HAS3-EVs resulted in increased cell proliferation. Claspin immunostaining correlated with HA content in human cutaneous melanocytic lesions, supporting our in vitro findings and suggesting a reciprocal regulation between claspin expression and HA synthesis. This study shows for the first time that EVs originating from HAS3 overexpressing cells carry mitogenic signals that induce proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in target cells. The study also identifies a novel feedback regulation between the hedgehog signaling pathway and HA metabolism in melanoma, mediated by EVs carrying HA and IHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Thanigai Arasu
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ashik Jawahar Deen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Sami Heikkinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maciej Lalowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kärnä
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Härkönen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Mäkinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elisa Lázaro-Ibáñez
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia R-M Siljander
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- EV Group and EV Core, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Oikari
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Yao H, Sun L, Li J, Zhou X, Li R, Shao R, Zhang Y, Li L. A Novel Therapeutic siRNA Nanoparticle Designed for Dual-Targeting CD44 and Gli1 of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7013-7034. [PMID: 33061365 PMCID: PMC7522319 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s260163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) are important for the initiation, growth, recurrence, and metastasis of gastric cancer, due to their chemo-resistance and indefinite proliferation. Herein, to eliminate gastric CSCs, we developed novel CSC-targeting glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles that are specifically guided by a di-stearoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine- hyaluronic-acid (DSPE-HA) single-point conjugate, as an intrinsic ligand of the CD44 receptor. We refer to these as targeting Gli1 siRNA nanoparticles. Methods We used the reductive amination reaction method for attaching amine groups of DSPE to aldehydic group of hyaluronic acid (HA) at the reducing end, to synthesize the DSPE-HA single-point conjugate. Next, targeting Gli1 siRNA nanoparticles were prepared using the layer-by-layer assembly method. We characterized the stem cellular features of targeting Gli1 siRNA nanoparticles, including their targeting efficiency, self-renewal capacity, the migration and invasion capacity of gastric CSCs, and the penetration ability of 3D tumor spheroids. Next, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of the targeting Gli1 siRNA nanoparticles by using in vivo relapsed tumor models of gastric CSCs. Results Compared with the multipoint conjugates, DSPE-HA single-point conjugates on the surface of nanoparticles showed significantly higher binding affinities with CD44. The targeting Gli1 siRNA nanoparticles significantly decreased Gli1 protein expression, inhibited CSC tumor spheroid and colony formation, and suppressed cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, in vivo imaging demonstrated that targeting Gli1 siRNA nanoparticles accumulated in tumor tissues, showing significant antitumor recurrence efficacy in vivo. Conclusion In summary, our targeting Gli1 siRNA nanoparticles significantly inhibited CSC malignancy features by specifically blocking Hedgehog (Hh) signaling both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this novel siRNA delivery system that specifically eliminates gastric CSCs provides a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Nanotoxicology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcao Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Nanotoxicology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Nanotoxicology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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Deng H, Huang L, Liao Z, Liu M, Li Q, Xu R. Itraconazole inhibits the Hedgehog signaling pathway thereby inducing autophagy-mediated apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:539. [PMID: 32681018 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Itraconazole is as an antifungal medication used to treat systemic fungal infections. Recently, it has been reported to be effective in suppressing tumor growth by inhibiting the Hedgehog signaling pathway and angiogenesis. In the present study, we investigated whether itraconazole induces autophagy-mediated cell death of colon cancer cells through the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution of the colon cancer cell lines SW-480 and HCT-116 were detected by flow cytometry and terminal TUNEL assay. Autophagy and signal proteins were detected by western blotting and cell proliferation-associated antigen Ki-67 was measured using immunohistochemistry. The images of autophagy flux and formation of autophagosomes were observed by laser scanning confocal and/or transmission electron microscopy. Colon cancer cell xenograft mouse models were also established. Itraconazole treatment inhibited cell proliferation via G1 cell cycle arrest as well as autophagy-mediated apoptosis of SW-480 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells. In addition, the Hedgehog pathway was found to be involved in activation of itraconazole-mediated autophagy. After using the Hedgehog agonist recombinant human Sonic Hedgehog (rhshh), itraconazole could counteract the activation of rhshh. Moreover, treatment with itraconazole produced significant cancer inhibition in HCT-116-bearing mice. Thus, itraconazole may be a potential and effective therapy for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Liu C, He S, Zhang J, Li S, Chen J, Han C. Silencing TCF4 Sensitizes Melanoma Cells to Vemurafenib Through Inhibiting GLUT3-Mediated Glycolysis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4905-4915. [PMID: 32581551 PMCID: PMC7269014 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s245531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vemurafenib is a selective BRAF inhibitor with significant early effects in melanoma, but resistance will develop with the duration of treatment. Therefore, overcoming vemurafenib resistance can effectively improve the survival rate of melanoma. The transcriptional activity of TCF4 is necessary to maintain the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. However, the effect of TCF4 on melanoma sensitivity to vemurafenib and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Methods Vemurafenib-resistant A375 (A375/Vem) and SK-Mel-28 (SK-Mel-28/Vem) cells were constructed by administering increasing concentrations of vemurafenib, and the expression of TCF4 was examined in parent and vemurafenib-resistant cells. TCF4 loss-function cells models were established in A375/Vem and SK-Mel-28/Vem cells, respectively. Cell survival, clone formation, and cell apoptosis were assessed. The downstream target gene of TCF4 was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Finally, the effect of TCF4 on melanoma cells glycolysis was investigated and were performed. Results TCF4 expression was increased in vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells, and knocking down TCF4 could promote the sensitivity of melanoma cells to vemurafenib. Mechanism investigation revealed that TCF4 could interact with GLUT3 and silencing TCF4 could inhibit GLUT3 expression. In addition, overexpression of GLUT3 reversed the growth and glycolysis of tumor cells that were inhibited by TCF4 knockdown. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that TCF4 downregulation sensitizes melanoma cells to vemurafenib through inhibiting GLUT3-mediated glycolysis. These findings support TCF4 as an oncogene and provide new mechanism by which TCF4 confers chemotherapy resistance in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi He
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian City, Putian, Fujian 351100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofei Han
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
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Ying L, Fei X, Jialun L, Jianpeng X, Jie W, Zhaolin M, Hongjia F, Huan F, Sha L, Qiuju W, Lin Y, Cuicui L, You P, Weiwei Z, Lulu W, Jiemin W, Jing L, Jing F. SETDB2 promoted breast cancer stem cell maintenance by interaction with and stabilization of ΔNp63α protein. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2180-2191. [PMID: 32549764 PMCID: PMC7294945 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.43611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone H3K9 methyltransferase SETDB2 is involved in cell cycle dysregulation in acute leukemia and has oncogenic roles in gastric cancer. In our study, we found that SETDB2 plays essential roles in breast cancer stem cell maintenance. Depleted SETDB2 significantly decreased the breast cancer stem cell population and mammosphere formation in vitro and also inhibited breast tumor initiation and growth in vivo. Restoring SETDB2 expression rescued the defect in breast cancer stem cell maintenance. A mechanistic analysis showed that SETDB2 upregulated the transcription of the ΔNp63α downstream Hedgehog pathway gene. SETDB2 also interacted with and methylated ΔNp63α, and stabilized ΔNp63α protein. Restoring ΔNp63α expression rescued the breast cancer stem cell maintenance defect which mediated by SETDB2 knockdown. In conclusion, our study reveals a novel function of SETDB2 in cancer stem cell maintenance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ying
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Xie Fei
- Department of clinical laboratory, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 29 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Li Jialun
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiao Jianpeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wang Jie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mei Zhaolin
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Fan Hongjia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fang Huan
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Li Sha
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Wu Qiuju
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Liu Cuicui
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Peng You
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Zhao Weiwei
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Wang Lulu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Wong Jiemin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China.,Joint Research Center for Precision Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University & Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Feng Jing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China.,Joint Research Center for Precision Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University & Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
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Sandri S, Watanabe LRM, Oliveira EAD, Faião-Flores F, Migliorini S, Tiago M, Felipe-Silva A, Vazquez VDL, da Costa Souza P, Consolaro MEL, Campa A, Maria-Engler SS. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in melanoma progression and BRAF inhibitor resistance. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104998. [PMID: 32535222 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is associated with the progression of many types of tumors, including melanoma. However, there is limited information about IDO modulation on tumor cell itself and the effect of BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) treatment and resistance. Herein, IDO expression was analyzed in different stages of melanoma development and progression linked to BRAFi resistance. IDO expression was increased in primary and metastatic melanomas from patients' biopsies, especially in the immune cells infiltrate. Using a bioinformatics approach, we also identified an increase in the IDO mRNA in the vertical growth and metastatic phases of melanoma. Using in silico analyses, we found that IDO mRNA was increased in BRAFi resistance. In an in vitro model, IDO expression and activity induced by interferon-gamma (IFNγ) in sensitive melanoma cells was decreased by BRAFi treatment. However, cells that became resistant to BRAFi presented random IDO expression levels. Also, we identified that treatment with the IDO inhibitor, 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT), was able to reduce clonogenicity for parental and BRAFi-resistant cells. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that the decreased IDO expression in tumor cells is one of the many additional outcomes contributing to the therapeutic effects of BRAFi. Still, the IDO production changeability by the BRAFi-resistant cells reiterates the complexity of the response arising from resistance, making it not possible, at this stage, to associate IDO expression in tumor cells with resistance. On the other hand, the maintenance of 1-MT off-target effect endorses its use as an adjuvant treatment of melanoma that has become BRAFi-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Sandri
- Skin Biology Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis R M Watanabe
- Skin Biology Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erica Aparecida de Oliveira
- Skin Biology Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Faião-Flores
- Skin Biology Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silene Migliorini
- Skin Biology Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoela Tiago
- Skin Biology Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aloisio Felipe-Silva
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius de Lima Vazquez
- Institute of Research and Education and Melanoma/Sarcoma Surgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Campa
- Skin Biology Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Skin Biology Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Yoon JW, Lamm M, Chandler C, Iannaccone P, Walterhouse D. Up-regulation of GLI1 in vincristine-resistant rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:511. [PMID: 32493277 PMCID: PMC7310145 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical significance of GLI1 expression either through canonical Hedgehog signal transduction or through non-canonical mechanisms in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) or Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is incompletely understood. We tested a role for Hedgehog (HH) signal transduction and GL11 expression in development of vincristine (VCR) resistance in RMS and EWS. Methods We characterized baseline expression and activity of HH pathway components in 5 RMS (RD, Rh18, Ruch-2, Rh30, and Rh41) and 5 EWS (CHLA9, CHLA10, TC32, CHLA258, and TC71) cell lines. We then established VCR-resistant RMS and EWS cell lines by exposing cells to serially increasing concentrations of VCR and determining the IC50. We defined resistance as a ≥ 30-fold increase in IC50 compared with parental cells. We determined changes in gene expression in the VCR-resistant cells compared with parental cells using an 86-gene cancer drug resistance array that included GLI1 and tested the effect of GLI1 inhibition with GANT61 or GLI1 siRNA on VCR resistance. Results We found evidence for HH pathway activity and GLI1 expression in RMS and EWS cell lines at baseline, and evidence that GLI1 contributes to survival and proliferation of these sarcoma cells. We were able to establish 4 VCR-resistant cell lines (Ruch-2VR, Rh30VR, Rh41VR, and TC71VR). GLI1 was significantly up-regulated in the Rh30VR, Rh41VR, and TC71VR cells. The only other gene in the drug resistance panel that was significantly up-regulated in each of these VCR-resistant cell lines compared with their corresponding parental cells was the GLI1 direct target and multidrug resistance gene, ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (MDR1). We established major vault protein (MVP), which was up-regulated in both vincristine-resistant alveolar RMS cell lines (Rh30VR and Rh41VR), as another direct target of GLI1 during development of drug resistance. Treatment of the VCR-resistant cell lines with the small molecule inhibitor GANT61 or GLI1 siRNA together with VCR significantly decreased cell viability at doses that did not reduce viability individually. Conclusions These experiments demonstrate that GLI1 up-regulation contributes to VCR resistance in RMS and EWS cell lines and suggest that targeting GLI1 may benefit patients with RMS or EWS by reducing multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Won Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Box 30, 225 East Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Marilyn Lamm
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Box 30, 225 East Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Christopher Chandler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Box 30, 225 East Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Philip Iannaccone
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Box 30, 225 East Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - David Walterhouse
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Box 30, 225 East Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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40
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Montico B, Colizzi F, Giurato G, Rizzo A, Salvati A, Baboci L, Benedetti D, Pivetta E, Covre A, Bo MD, Weisz A, Steffan A, Maio M, Sigalotti L, Fratta E. Loss of Spry1 reduces growth of BRAF V600-mutant cutaneous melanoma and improves response to targeted therapy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:392. [PMID: 32444628 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation is a central step in BRAFV600-mutant cutaneous melanoma (CM) pathogenesis. In the last years, Spry1 has been frequently described as an upstream regulator of MAPK signaling pathway. However, its specific role in BRAFV600-mutant CM is still poorly defined. Here, we report that Spry1 knockdown (Spry1KO) in three BRAFV600-mutant CM cell lines markedly induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, repressed cell proliferation in vitro, and impaired tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, our findings indicated that Spry1KO reduced the expression of several markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, such as MMP-2 both in vitro and in vivo. These effects were associated with a sustained and deleterious phosphorylation of ERK1/2. In addition, p38 activation along with an increase in basal ROS levels were found in Spry1KO clones compared to parental CM cell lines, suggesting that BRAFV600-mutant CM may restrain the activity of Spry1 to avoid oncogenic stress and to enable tumor growth. Consistent with this hypothesis, treatment with the BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) vemurafenib down-regulated Spry1 levels in parental CM cell lines, indicating that Spry1 expression is sustained by the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in a positive feedback loop that safeguards cells from the potentially toxic effects of ERK1/2 hyperactivation. Disruption of this feedback loop rendered Spry1KO cells more susceptible to apoptosis and markedly improved response to BRAFi both in vitro and in vivo, as a consequence of the detrimental effect of ERK1/2 hyperactivation observed upon Spry1 abrogation. Therefore, targeting Spry1 might offer a treatment strategy for BRAFV600-mutant CM by inducing the toxic effects of ERK-mediated signaling.
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41
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Sun X, Xu X, Song L. TKP, a serine protease extracted from Trichosanthes kirilowii, inhibits the migration and invasion of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells by targeting Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog/Gli1 signalings. Phytother Res 2019; 34:867-878. [PMID: 31854039 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Trichosanthes kirilowii, which is a type of Liana from cucurbitaceous family, possesses many bioactive constituents and therefore has multifarious pharmacological functions. TKP, which is a serine protease extracted from the fruit of Trichosanthes kirilowii, has been reported to possess potential anticancer activity. However, the effects of TKP on cancer cell migration and invasion are still unknown. Here, we reported that TKP could inhibit the migration and invasion abilities of colorectal cancer cells. In addition, the mRNA, protein expression levels, and activities of migration and invasion-related proteins MMP2 and MMP9 were decreased in TKP-treated cells. Mechanistically, TKP treatment repressed Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog/Gli1 signaling cascades. However, the addition of lithium chloride or the transfection of plasmid pcDNA3.1-V5-HisA-Gli1 reversed the impacts of TKP on MMP2, MMP9, cell migration, and invasion. These results indicated that TKP suppressed the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells through blocking Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog/Gli1 pathways-mediated MMP2 and MMP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Sun
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Song
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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42
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding and highly conserved RNAs that act in biological processes including cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, metabolism, signal transduction, and tumorigenesis. The previously identified miRNA-326 (miR-326) has been reported to participate in cellular apoptosis, tumor growth, cell invasion, embryonic development, immunomodulation, chemotherapy resistance, and oncogenesis. This review presents a detailed overview of what is known about the effects of miR-326 on cell invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, proliferation, apoptosis, and its involvement in signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Jie Pan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Medicine School of Southeast University, The Third People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng224001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Difficult and Complicated Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Medicine School of Southeast University, The Third People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng224001, People’s Republic of China
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43
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Gonçalves J, Emmons MF, Faião-Flores F, Aplin AE, Harbour JW, Licht JD, Wink MR, Smalley KSM. Decitabine limits escape from MEK inhibition in uveal melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 33:507-514. [PMID: 31758842 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MEK inhibitors (MEKi) demonstrate anti-proliferative activity in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma, but responses are short-lived. In the present study, we evaluated the MEKi trametinib alone and in combination with drugs targeting epigenetic regulators, including DOT1L, EZH2, LSD1, DNA methyltransferases, and histone acetyltransferases. The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi) decitabine effectively enhanced the anti-proliferative activity of trametinib in cell viability, colony formation, and 3D organoid assays. RNA-Seq analysis showed the MEKi-DNMTi combination primarily affected the expression of genes involved in G1 and G2/2M checkpoints, cell survival, chromosome segregation and mitotic spindle. The DNMTi-MEKi combination did not appear to induce a DNA damage response (as measured by γH2AX foci) or senescence (as measured by β-galactosidase staining) compared to either MEKi or DNMTi alone. Instead, the combination increased expression of the CDK inhibitor p21 and the pro-apoptotic protein BIM. In vivo, the DNMTi-MEKi combination was more effective at suppressing growth of MP41 uveal melanoma xenografts than either drug alone. Our studies indicate that DNMTi may enhance the activity of MEKi in uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gonçalves
- The Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Michael F Emmons
- The Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J William Harbour
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Márcia R Wink
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Liu H, Zhang W, Wang L, Zhang Z, Xiong W, Zhang L, Fu T, Li X, Chen Y, Liu Y. GLI1 is increased in ovarian endometriosis and regulates migration, invasion and proliferation of human endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis. Ann Transl Med 2019; 7:663. [PMID: 31930064 PMCID: PMC6944576 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disorder which shares certain characteristics with malignant tumor like migration, invasion and proliferation. Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) has been implicated in some cancers including endometrial cancer, however, its role in endometriosis remains unknown. METHODS The aim of this study was to explore the expression pattern of GLI1 in endometriosis, and further investigate the effect of GLI1 regulation on human endometrial stromal cells. The expression of GLI1 in normal endometrium and ectopic tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The Short hairpin RNA (ShRNA) intervention technique and GLI1 inhibitor GANT-61 were used to silence GLI1. The expression levels of GLI1, MMP2 and MMP9 was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. The migration and invasion ability of human endometrial stromal cells was determined by wound healing assay and transwell migration/invasion assay. The viability and proliferation potentiality of cells was detected by MTT assays and colony formation assay, respectively. RESULTS We found that the expression of GLI1 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in ectopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis. Our analyses also show that GLI1 downregulation attenuated cells migration, invasion and proliferation abilities. What's more, reduced expression of GLI1 inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that high levels of GLI1 may contribute to the development of endometriosis by promoting cell migration, invasion and proliferation involving regulation of MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Therefore, inhibition of GLI1 might be a novel potential therapeutic approach to the treatment of endometriosis, which sheds new light on our understanding of the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430032, China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Wenqian Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tian Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoou Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yaobing Chen
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Kowolik CM, Lin M, Xie J, Overman LE, Horne DA. Attenuation of hedgehog/GLI signaling by NT1721 extends survival in pancreatic cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:431. [PMID: 31661013 PMCID: PMC6819529 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies due to frequent late diagnosis, aggressive tumor growth and metastasis formation. Continuously raising incidence rates of pancreatic cancer and a lack of significant improvement in survival rates over the past 30 years highlight the need for new therapeutic agents. Thus, new therapeutic agents and strategies are urgently needed to improve the outcome for patients with pancreatic cancer. Here, we evaluated the anti-tumor activity of a new natural product-based epidithiodiketopiperazine, NT1721, against pancreatic cancer. METHODS We characterized the anticancer efficacy of NT1721 in multiple pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro and in two orthotopic models. We also compared the effects of NT1721 to clinically used hedgehog inhibitors and the standard-of-care drug, gemcitabine. The effect of NT1721 on hedgehog/GLI signaling was assessed by determining the expression of GLI and GLI target genes both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS NT1721 displayed IC50 values in the submicromolar range in multiple pancreatic cancer cell lines, while largely sparing normal pancreatic epithelial cells. NT1721 attenuated hedgehog/GLI signaling through downregulation of GLI1/2 transcription factors and their downstream target genes, which reduced cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and significantly decreased tumor growth and liver metastasis in two preclinical orthotopic mouse models of pancreatic cancer. Importantly, treatment with NT1721 significantly improved survival times of mice with pancreatic cancer compared to the standard-of-care drug, gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS Favorable therapeutics properties, i.e. 10-fold lower IC50 values than clinically used hedgehog inhibitors (vismodegib, erismodegib), a 90% reduction in liver metastasis and significantly better survival times compared to the standard-of-care drug, gemcitabine, provide a rational for testing NT1721 in the clinic either as a single agent or possibly in combination with gemcitabine or other therapeutic agents in PDAC patients overexpressing GLI1/2. This could potentially result in promising new treatment options for patients suffering from this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Kowolik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
| | - David A Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Dong H, Liu H, Zhou W, Zhang F, Li C, Chen J, Tan C, Tang B, Yu P. GLI1 activation by non-classical pathway integrin α vβ 3/ERK1/2 maintains stem cell-like phenotype of multicellular aggregates in gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:574. [PMID: 31366904 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis is one of the most important causes of postoperative death in patients with gastric cancer, and the exact mechanism remains unclear. The proliferation of multicellular aggregates of exfoliated malignant gastric cells in the abdominal cavity is the focus of current research. However, the mechanism how gastric cancer multicellular aggregates survive remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that multicellular aggregates of exfoliated gastric cancer cells in the abdominal cavity expressed a stem cell-Like phenotype. We found that Integrin αvβ3 not only mediated adhesion of gastric cancer multicellular aggregates to form independent functional units, but also maintained their stem cell-like phenotype by the non-classical pathway Integrin αvβ3/ERK1/2/GLI1. In addition, ERK1/2 directly regulates the transcriptional activity of GLI1. GLI1 is a key effector of the Integrin αvβ3 pathway in regulating stem cell-like phenotype in multicellular aggregates. Our data indicates that although there is a crosstalk between the non-classical Integrin αvβ3 pathway and the classical Hedgehog pathway, the activation of GLI1 is almost independent of the Hedgehog pathway in multicellular aggregates of gastric cancer cells. Our study provides a basis for blocking GLI1 activity in the prevention and treatment of peritoneal metastases of gastric cancer.
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Faião-Flores F, Emmons MF, Durante MA, Kinose F, Saha B, Fang B, Koomen JM, Chellappan SP, Maria-Engler SS, Rix U, Licht JD, Harbour JW, Smalley KSM. HDAC Inhibition Enhances the In Vivo Efficacy of MEK Inhibitor Therapy in Uveal Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5686-5701. [PMID: 31227503 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical use of MEK inhibitors in uveal melanoma is limited by the rapid acquisition of resistance. This study has used multiomics approaches and drug screens to identify the pan-HDAC inhibitor panobinostat as an effective strategy to limit MEK inhibitor resistance.Experimental Design: Mass spectrometry-based proteomics and RNA-Seq were used to identify the signaling pathways involved in the escape of uveal melanoma cells from MEK inhibitor therapy. Mechanistic studies were performed to evaluate the escape pathways identified, and the efficacy of the MEK-HDAC inhibitor combination was demonstrated in multiple in vivo models of uveal melanoma. RESULTS We identified a number of putative escape pathways that were upregulated following MEK inhibition, including the PI3K/AKT pathway, ROR1/2, and IGF-1R signaling. MEK inhibition was also associated with increased GPCR expression, particularly the endothelin B receptor, and this contributed to therapeutic escape through ET-3-mediated YAP signaling. A screen of 289 clinical grade compounds identified HDAC inhibitors as potential candidates that suppressed the adaptive YAP and AKT signaling that followed MEK inhibition. In vivo, the MEK-HDAC inhibitor combination outperformed either agent alone, leading to a long-term decrease of tumor growth in both subcutaneous and liver metastasis models and the suppression of adaptive PI3K/AKT and YAP signaling. CONCLUSIONS Together, our studies have identified GPCR-mediated YAP activation and RTK-driven AKT signaling as key pathways involved in the escape of uveal melanoma cells from MEK inhibition. We further demonstrate that HDAC inhibition is a promising combination partner for MEK inhibitors in advanced uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Faião-Flores
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Michael F Emmons
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Michael A Durante
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Fumi Kinose
- Department of Drug Discovery, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Biswarup Saha
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Bin Fang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Srikumar P Chellappan
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Uwe Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - J William Harbour
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Keiran S M Smalley
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
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Abstract
In this review, Goding and Arnheiter present the current understanding of MITF's role and regulation in development and disease and highlight key areas where our knowledge of MITF regulation and function is limited. All transcription factors are equal, but some are more equal than others. In the 25 yr since the gene encoding the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was first isolated, MITF has emerged as a key coordinator of many aspects of melanocyte and melanoma biology. Like all transcription factors, MITF binds to specific DNA sequences and up-regulates or down-regulates its target genes. What marks MITF as being remarkable among its peers is the sheer range of biological processes that it appears to coordinate. These include cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, invasion, senescence, metabolism, and DNA damage repair. In this article we present our current understanding of MITF's role and regulation in development and disease, as well as those of the MITF-related factors TFEB and TFE3, and highlight key areas where our knowledge of MITF regulation and function is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Arnheiter
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Heath, Bethesda, Maryland 20824, USA
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Riaz SK, Ke Y, Wang F, Kayani MA, Malik MFA. Influence of SHH/GLI1 axis on EMT mediated migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6620. [PMID: 31036836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic Hedgehog signaling is critical for breast morphogenesis and cancer. The present study was conducted to explore the influence of SHH/GLI1 axis on epithelial mesenchymal transition and invasion in breast cancer cells. SHH/GLI1 positive samples demonstrated high expression of Snail and Vimentin with relatively low expression of E-cadherin. Overexpression of Vimentin and Snail in SHH/GLI1 positive patients was also associated with poor overall survival. Interestingly, GANT61 (GLI1 inhibitor) exposure significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis at 10 µM. Suppression of Hedgehog pathway either by CRISPR mediated SHH knock out or GANT61 altered regulation of EMT markers in breast cancer cells. Moreover, in-activation of SHH/GLI1 axis also significantly restricted cell migration and invasiveness. These findings suggest that targeting SHH/GLI1 axis alters expression of EMT markers and abrogates neoplastic invasion in breast cancer cells.
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Luebker SA, Koepsell SA. Diverse Mechanisms of BRAF Inhibitor Resistance in Melanoma Identified in Clinical and Preclinical Studies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:268. [PMID: 31058079 PMCID: PMC6478763 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitor therapy may provide profound initial tumor regression in metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations, but treatment resistance often leads to disease progression. A multi-center analysis of BRAF inhibitor resistant patient tissue samples detected genomic changes after disease progression including multiple secondary mutations in the MAPK/Erk signaling pathway, mutant BRAF copy number gains, and BRAF alternative splicing as the predominant putative mechanisms of resistance, but 41.7% of samples had no known resistance drivers. In vitro models of BRAF inhibitor resistance have been developed under a wide variety of experimental conditions to investigate unknown drivers of resistance. Several in vitro models developed genetic alterations observed in patient tissue, but others modulate the response to BRAF inhibitors through increased expression of receptor tyrosine kinases. Both secondary genetic alterations and expression changes in receptor tyrosine kinases may increase activation of MAPK/Erk signaling in the presence of BRAF inhibitors as well as activate PI3K/Akt signaling to support continued growth. Melanoma cells that develop resistance in vitro may have increased dependence on serine or glutamine metabolism and have increased cell motility and metastatic capacity. Future studies of BRAF inhibitor resistance in vitro would benefit from adhering to experimental parameters that reflect development of BRAF inhibitor resistance in patients through using multiple cell lines, fully characterizing the dosing strategy, and reporting the fold change in drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Luebker
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Scott A Koepsell
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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