1
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Saletti M, Paolino M, Venditti J, Bonechi C, Giuliani G, Lamponi S, Tassone G, Boccia A, Botta C, Blancafort L, Poggialini F, Vagaggini C, Cappelli A. A Facile Access to Green Fluorescent Albumin Derivatives. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300862. [PMID: 38369609 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
A Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adduct (MBHA) derivative bearing a triphenylamine moiety was found to react with human serum albumin (HSA) shifting its emission from the blue to the green-yellow thus leading to green fluorescent albumin (GFA) derivatives and enlarging the platform of probes for aggregation-induced fluorescent-based detection techniques. A possible interaction of MBHA derivative 7 with a lipophilic pocket within the HSA structure was suggested by docking studies. DLS experiments showed that the reaction with HSA induce a conformational change of the protein contributing to the aggregation process of GFA derivatives. The results of investigations on the biological properties suggested that GFA retained the ability of binding drug molecules such as warfarin and diazepam. Finally, cytotoxicity evaluation studies suggested that, although the MBHA derivative 7 at 0.1 μg/mL affected the percentage of cell viability in comparison to the negative control, it cannot be considered cytotoxic, whereas at all the other concentrations≥0.5 μg/mL resulted cytotoxic at different extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Saletti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Jacopo Venditti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Bonechi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Germano Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giusy Tassone
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella Boccia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta" - SCITEC (CNR), Via A. Corti 12, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Botta
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta" - SCITEC (CNR), Via A. Corti 12, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Lluís Blancafort
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. A. Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
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2
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Cesarini S, Vicenti I, Poggialini F, Filippi S, Mancin E, Fiaschi L, De Marchi E, Giammarino F, Vagaggini C, Bizzarri BM, Saladino R, Dreassi E, Zazzi M, Botta L. Serendipitous Identification of Azine Anticancer Agents Using a Privileged Scaffold Morphing Strategy. Molecules 2024; 29:1452. [PMID: 38611732 PMCID: PMC11013010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of privileged scaffolds as a starting point for the construction of libraries of bioactive compounds is a widely used strategy in drug discovery and development. Scaffold decoration, morphing and hopping are additional techniques that enable the modification of the chosen privileged framework and better explore the chemical space around it. In this study, two series of highly functionalized pyrimidine and pyridine derivatives were synthesized using a scaffold morphing approach consisting of triazine compounds obtained previously as antiviral agents. Newly synthesized azines were evaluated against lymphoma, hepatocarcinoma, and colon epithelial carcinoma cells, showing in five cases acceptable to good anticancer activity associated with low cytotoxicity on healthy fibroblasts. Finally, ADME in vitro studies were conducted on the best derivatives of the two series showing good passive permeability and resistance to metabolic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cesarini
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Viterbo, Via S.C. De Lellis s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (E.D.M.); (B.M.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Ilaria Vicenti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.V.); (L.F.); (F.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (E.D.)
| | - Silvia Filippi
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Viterbo, Via S.C. De Lellis s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (E.D.M.); (B.M.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Eleonora Mancin
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Viterbo, Via S.C. De Lellis s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (E.D.M.); (B.M.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Lia Fiaschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.V.); (L.F.); (F.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Elisa De Marchi
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Viterbo, Via S.C. De Lellis s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (E.D.M.); (B.M.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Federica Giammarino
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.V.); (L.F.); (F.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (E.D.)
| | - Bruno Mattia Bizzarri
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Viterbo, Via S.C. De Lellis s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (E.D.M.); (B.M.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Viterbo, Via S.C. De Lellis s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (E.D.M.); (B.M.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (E.D.)
| | - Maurizio Zazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.V.); (L.F.); (F.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Viterbo, Via S.C. De Lellis s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (E.D.M.); (B.M.B.); (R.S.)
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3
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Fiorucci D, Meaccini M, Poli G, Stincarelli MA, Vagaggini C, Giannecchini S, Sutto-Ortiz P, Canard B, Decroly E, Dreassi E, Brai A, Botta M. Identification of Novel Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors of Zika Virus NS5 Protein Targeting MTase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2437. [PMID: 38397115 PMCID: PMC10888717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a positive-sense single-stranded virus member of the Flaviviridae family. Among other arboviruses, ZIKV can cause neurological disorders such as Guillain Barré syndrome, and it can have congenital neurological manifestations and affect fertility. ZIKV nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) is essential for viral replication and limiting host immune detection. Herein, we performed virtual screening to identify novel small-molecule inhibitors of the ZIKV NS5 methyltransferase (MTase) domain. Compounds were tested against the MTases of both ZIKV and DENV, demonstrating good inhibitory activities against ZIKV MTase. Extensive molecular dynamic studies conducted on the series led us to identify other derivatives with improved activity against the MTase and limiting ZIKV infection with an increased selectivity index. Preliminary pharmacokinetic parameters have been determined, revealing excellent stability over time. Preliminary in vivo toxicity studies demonstrated that the hit compound 17 is well tolerated after acute administration. Our results provide the basis for further optimization studies on novel non-nucleoside MTase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fiorucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Micaela Meaccini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Alfreda Stincarelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 48, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.A.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 48, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.A.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Priscila Sutto-Ortiz
- AFMB, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7257, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Cedex 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (P.S.-O.)
| | - Bruno Canard
- AFMB, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7257, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Cedex 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (P.S.-O.)
| | - Etienne Decroly
- AFMB, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7257, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Cedex 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (P.S.-O.)
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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4
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Vagaggini C, Petroni D, D'Agostino I, Poggialini F, Cavallini C, Cianciusi A, Salis A, D'Antona L, Francesconi V, Manetti F, Damonte G, Musumeci F, Menichetti L, Dreassi E, Carbone A, Schenone S. Early investigation of a novel SI306 theranostic prodrug for glioblastoma treatment. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22158. [PMID: 38349262 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignancies with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Theranostic, combining therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, arises as a successful strategy to improve patient outcomes through personalized medicine. Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase (nRTK) whose involvement in GBM has been extensively demonstrated. Our previous research highlighted the effectiveness of the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine SI306 and its more soluble prodrug CMP1 as Src inhibitors both in in vitro and in vivo GBM models. In this scenario, we decided to develop a theranostic prodrug of SI306, ProSI-DOTA(68 Ga) 1, which was designed to target GBM cells after hydrolysis and follow-up on the disease's progression and improve the therapy's outcome. First, the corresponding nonradioactive prodrug 2 was tested to evaluate its ADME profile and biological activity. It showed good metabolic stability, no inhibition of CYP3A4, suboptimal aqueous solubility, and slight gastrointestinal and blood-brain barrier passive permeability. Compound 2 exhibited a drastic reduction of cell vitality after 72 h on two different GBM cell lines (GL261 and U87MG). Then, 2 was subjected to complexation with the radionuclide Gallium-68 to give ProSI-DOTA(68 Ga) 1. The cellular uptake of 1 was evaluated on GBM cells, highlighting a slight but significant time-dependent uptake. The data obtained from our preliminary studies reflect the physiochemical properties of 1. The use of an alternative route of administration, such as the intranasal route, could overcome the physiochemical limitations and enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of 1, paving the way for its future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Debora Petroni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavallini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Salis
- DIMES, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucia D'Antona
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- DIMES, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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5
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Di Stefano M, Masoni S, Bononi G, Poli G, Galati S, Gado F, Manzi S, Vagaggini C, Brai A, Caligiuri I, Asif K, Rizzolio F, Macchia M, Chicca A, Sodi A, Di Bussolo V, Minutolo F, Meier P, Gertsch J, Granchi C, Dreassi E, Tuccinardi T. Design, synthesis, ADME and biological evaluation of benzylpiperidine and benzylpiperazine derivatives as novel reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115916. [PMID: 37976705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol is mediated by the enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), thus generating arachidonic acid, the precursor of prostaglandins and other pro-inflammatory mediators. MAGL also contributes to the hydrolysis of monoacylglycerols into glycerol and fatty acids in peripheral body districts, which may act as pro-tumorigenic signals. For this reason, MAGL inhibitors have been considered as interesting therapeutic agents for their anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. So far, only a limited series of reversible MAGL inhibitors, which are devoid of side effects shown by irreversible inhibitors in animal models, have been reported. Here we optimized a class of benzylpiperidine and benzylpiperazine-based compounds for a reversible MAGL inhibition. The best MAGL inhibitors of this class, compounds 28 and 29, showed a very good inhibition potency, both on the isolated enzyme and in U937 cells, as confirmed by molecular modeling studies that predicted their binding mode into the MAGL active site. Both compounds are characterized by a high selectivity for MAGL versus other serine hydrolases including enzymes of the endocannabinoid system, as confirmed by ABPP experiments in mouse brain membranes. Moreover, very good properties concerning ADME parameters and low in vivo toxicity have been observed for both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Samuele Masoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Manzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Kanwal Asif
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Eye Clinic, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Bussolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Philip Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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6
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Poggialini F, Vagaggini C, Brai A, Pasqualini C, Carbone A, Musumeci F, Schenone S, Dreassi E. Sweet Cherry Extract as Permeation Enhancer of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Promising Prospective for Future Oral Anticancer Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1527. [PMID: 38004393 PMCID: PMC10674987 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although patients would rather oral therapies to injections, the gastrointestinal tract's low permeability makes this method limiting for most compounds, including anticancer drugs. Due to their low bioavailability, oral antitumor therapies suffer from significant variability in pharmacokinetics and efficacy. The improvement of their pharmacokinetic profiles can be achieved by a new approach: the use of natural extracts enriched with polyphenolic compounds that act as intestinal permeability enhancers. Here, we propose a safe sweet cherry extract capable of enhancing oral absorption. The extract was characterized by the HPLC-UV/MS method, evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity, safety on the Caco-2 cell line, and as a potential permeation enhancer. The sweet cherry extract showed a high antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH assays were 211.74 and 48.65 µmol of Trolox equivalent/g dried extract, respectively), high content of polyphenols (8.44 mg of gallic acid per gram of dry extract), and anthocyanins (1.80 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent per g of dry extract), reassuring safety profile (cell viability never lower than 98%), and a significant and fully reversible ability to alter the integrity of the Caco-2 monolayer (+81.5% of Lucifer yellow permeability after 2 h). Furthermore, the ability of the sweet cherry extract to improve the permeability (Papp) and modify the efflux ratio (ER) of reference compounds (atenolol, propranolol, and dasatinib) and selected pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives was investigated. The obtained results show a significant increase in apparent permeability across the Caco-2 monolayer (tripled and quadrupled in most cases), and an interesting decrease in efflux ratio when compounds were co-incubated with sweet cherry extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Claudia Pasqualini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.C.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.C.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.C.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
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7
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Vagaggini C, Brai A, Bonente D, Lombardi J, Poggialini F, Pasqualini C, Barone V, Nicoletti C, Bertelli E, Dreassi E. Development and validation of derivatization-based LC-MS/MS method for quantification of short-chain fatty acids in human, rat, and mouse plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115599. [PMID: 37536115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the end products of gut microbial fermentation of dietary fibers and non-digestible polysaccharides, act as a link between the microbiome, immune system, and inflammatory processes. The importance of accurately quantifying SCFAs in plasma has recently emerged to understand their biological role. In this work, a sensitive and reproducible LC-MS/MS method is reported for SCFAs quantification in three different matrices such as human, rat and mouse plasma via derivatization, using as derivatizing agent O-benzylhydroxylamine (O-BHA), coupled with liquid-liquid extraction. First, the instrumental parameters of the mass spectrometer and then the chromatographic conditions were optimized using previously SCFAs derivatives synthetized and used as standards. After that, the best conditions for derivatization and extraction from plasma were studied and a series of determinations were performed on human, rat, and mouse plasma aliquots to validate the overall method (derivatization, extraction, and LC-MS/MS determination). The method showed good performance in terms of recovery (> 80%), precision (RSD <14%), accuracy (RE < ± 10%) and sensitivity (LOQ of 0.01 µM for acetic, butyric, propionic and isobutyric acid) in all plasma samples. The method thus developed and validated was applied to the quantification of major SCFAs in adult and aged mice, germ-free mice and in germ-free recipient mice subjected to fecal transplant from adult and aged donors. Results highlighted how plasma concentrations of SCFAs are correlated with age further highlighting the importance of developing a method that is reliable for the quantification of SCFAs to study their biological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena Italy.
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena Italy.
| | - Denise Bonente
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Jessica Lombardi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena Italy.
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena Italy.
| | - Claudia Pasqualini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena Italy.
| | - Virginia Barone
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; The Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Eugenio Bertelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena Italy.
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8
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Maresca L, Crivaro E, Migliorini F, Anichini G, Giammona A, Pepe S, Poggialini F, Vagaggini C, Giannini G, Sestini S, Borgognoni L, Lapucci A, Dreassi E, Taddei M, Manetti F, Petricci E, Stecca B. Targeting GLI1 and GLI2 with small molecule inhibitors to suppress GLI-dependent transcription and tumor growth. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106858. [PMID: 37473878 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Hedgehog (HH) signaling in cancer is the result of genetic alterations of upstream pathway components (canonical) or other oncogenic mechanisms (noncanonical), that ultimately concur to activate the zinc-finger transcription factors GLI1 and GLI2. Therefore, inhibition of GLI activity is a good therapeutic option to suppress both canonical and noncanonical activation of the HH pathway. However, only a few GLI inhibitors are available, and none of them have the profile required for clinical development due to poor metabolic stability and aqueous solubility, and high hydrophobicity. Two promising quinoline inhibitors of GLI were selected by virtual screening and subjected to hit-to-lead optimization, thus leading to the identification of the 4-methoxy-8-hydroxyquinoline derivative JC19. This molecule impaired GLI1 and GLI2 activities in several cellular models interfering with the binding of GLI1 and GLI2 to DNA. JC19 suppressed cancer cell proliferation by enhancing apoptosis, inducing a strong anti-tumor response in several cancer cell lines in vitro. Specificity towards GLI1 and GLI2 was demonstrated by lower activity of JC19 in GLI1- or GLI2-depleted cancer cells. JC19 showed excellent metabolic stability and high passive permeability. Notably, JC19 inhibited GLI1-dependent melanoma xenograft growth in vivo, with no evidence of toxic effects in mice. These results highlight the potential of JC19 as a novel anti-cancer agent targeting GLI1 and GLI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Maresca
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Enrica Crivaro
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Migliorini
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Anichini
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giammona
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Pepe
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Serena Sestini
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Borgognoni
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapucci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taddei
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Elena Petricci
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
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9
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Brai A, Poggialini F, Pasqualini C, Trivisani CI, Vagaggini C, Dreassi E. Progress towards Adjuvant Development: Focus on Antiviral Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9225. [PMID: 37298177 PMCID: PMC10253057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, vaccines have been extraordinary resources to prevent pathogen diffusion and cancer. Even if they can be formed by a single antigen, the addition of one or more adjuvants represents the key to enhance the response of the immune signal to the antigen, thus accelerating and increasing the duration and the potency of the protective effect. Their use is of particular importance for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly or immunocompromised people. Despite their importance, only in the last forty years has the search for novel adjuvants increased, with the discovery of novel classes of immune potentiators and immunomodulators. Due to the complexity of the cascades involved in immune signal activation, their mechanism of action remains poorly understood, even if significant discovery has been recently made thanks to recombinant technology and metabolomics. This review focuses on the classes of adjuvants under research, recent mechanism of action studies, as well as nanodelivery systems and novel classes of adjuvants that can be chemically manipulated to create novel small molecule adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Claudia Pasqualini
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Claudia Immacolata Trivisani
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
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10
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Murthy S, Nizi MG, Maksimainen MM, Massari S, Alaviuhkola J, Lippok BE, Vagaggini C, Sowa ST, Galera-Prat A, Ashok Y, Venkannagari H, Prunskaite-Hyyryläinen R, Dreassi E, Lüscher B, Korn P, Tabarrini O, Lehtiö L. [1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4- b]benzothiazole Scaffold as Versatile Nicotinamide Mimic Allowing Nanomolar Inhibition of Different PARP Enzymes. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1301-1320. [PMID: 36598465 PMCID: PMC9884089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b]benzothiazole (TBT) as a new inhibitor scaffold, which competes with nicotinamide in the binding pocket of human poly- and mono-ADP-ribosylating enzymes. The binding mode was studied through analogues and cocrystal structures with TNKS2, PARP2, PARP14, and PARP15. Based on the substitution pattern, we were able to identify 3-amino derivatives 21 (OUL243) and 27 (OUL232) as inhibitors of mono-ARTs PARP7, PARP10, PARP11, PARP12, PARP14, and PARP15 at nM potencies, with 27 being the most potent PARP10 inhibitor described to date (IC50 of 7.8 nM) and the first PARP12 inhibitor ever reported. On the contrary, hydroxy derivative 16 (OUL245) inhibits poly-ARTs with a selectivity toward PARP2. The scaffold does not possess inherent cell toxicity, and the inhibitors can enter cells and engage with the target protein. This, together with favorable ADME properties, demonstrates the potential of TBT scaffold for future drug development efforts toward selective inhibitors against specific enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Murthy
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland
| | - Maria Giulia Nizi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, Perugia06123, Italy
| | - Mirko M. Maksimainen
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland
| | - Serena Massari
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, Perugia06123, Italy
| | - Juho Alaviuhkola
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland
| | - Barbara E. Lippok
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH
Aachen University, Aachen52074, Germany
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, SienaI-53100, Italy
| | - Sven T. Sowa
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland
| | - Albert Galera-Prat
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland
| | - Yashwanth Ashok
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland
| | - Harikanth Venkannagari
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland
| | | | - Elena Dreassi
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, SienaI-53100, Italy
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH
Aachen University, Aachen52074, Germany
| | - Patricia Korn
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH
Aachen University, Aachen52074, Germany
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, Perugia06123, Italy,
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland,
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11
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Brai A, Trivisani CI, Poggialini F, Pasqualini C, Vagaggini C, Dreassi E. DEAD-Box Helicase DDX3X as a Host Target against Emerging Viruses: New Insights for Medicinal Chemical Approaches. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10195-10216. [PMID: 35899912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, globalization, global warming, and population aging have contributed to the spread of emerging viruses, such as coronaviruses (COVs), West Nile (WNV), Dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV). The number of reported infections is increasing, and considering the high viral mutation rate, it is conceivable that it will increase significantly in the coming years. The risk caused by viruses is now more evident due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlighted the need to find new broad-spectrum antiviral agents able to tackle the present pandemic and future epidemics. DDX3X helicase is a host factor required for viral replication. Selective inhibitors have been identified and developed into broad-spectrum antivirals active against emerging pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2 and most importantly against drug-resistant strains. This perspective describes the inhibitors identified in the last years, highlighting their therapeutic potential as innovative broad-spectrum antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena Italy
| | | | - Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena Italy
| | - Claudia Pasqualini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena Italy
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena Italy
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12
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Bononi G, Di Stefano M, Poli G, Ortore G, Meier P, Masetto F, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Macchia M, Chicca A, Avan A, Giovannetti E, Vagaggini C, Brai A, Dreassi E, Valoti M, Minutolo F, Granchi C, Gertsch J, Tuccinardi T. Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors: Discovery of a New Class of Benzylpiperidine Derivatives. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7118-7140. [PMID: 35522977 PMCID: PMC9150076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Monoacylglycerol
lipase (MAGL) is the enzyme responsible for the
metabolism of 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the brain and the hydrolysis
of peripheral monoacylglycerols. Many studies demonstrated beneficial
effects deriving from MAGL inhibition for neurodegenerative diseases,
inflammatory pathologies, and cancer. MAGL expression is increased
in invasive tumors, furnishing free fatty acids as pro-tumorigenic
signals and for tumor cell growth. Here, a new class of benzylpiperidine-based
MAGL inhibitors was synthesized, leading to the identification of 13, which showed potent reversible and selective MAGL inhibition.
Associated with MAGL overexpression and the prognostic role in pancreatic
cancer, derivative 13 showed antiproliferative activity
and apoptosis induction, as well as the ability to reduce cell migration
in primary pancreatic cancer cultures, and displayed a synergistic
interaction with the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine. These results
suggest that the class of benzylpiperidine-based MAGL inhibitors have
potential as a new class of therapeutic agents and MAGL could play
a role in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Ortore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Philip Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Masetto
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, via Giovannini 13, 56017 San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Bargagli E, Olivieri C, Nikiforakis N, Cintorino M, Magi B, Perari MG, Vagaggini C, Spina D, Prasse A, Rottoli P. Analysis of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 167:261-7. [PMID: 19464392 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By proteomic approach we previously characterised bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) protein profiles of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), sarcoidosis and systemic sclerosis. Among differently expressed proteins we identified macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a multi-function pleiotropic cytokine. This study was performed to validate our findings by a further proteomic approach and ELISA in a larger population of patients and controls. MIF expression in lung tissue was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. MIF was identified in all 2-DE gels of IPF patients and it was significantly increased compared to controls (p<0.05). This result was confirmed by ELISA: MIF concentrations were significantly higher in IPF patients than controls (p<0.001) and were directly correlated with neutrophil percentages (p=0.0095). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed enhanced expression in bronchiolar epithelium, alveolar epithelium, and fibroblastic foci. In conclusion, MIF is a pleiotropic cytokine that could be involved in the pathogenesis of IPF, being particularly abundant in BAL of these patients and mainly expressed in the areas of active fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bargagli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunology, Respiratory Diseases Section, Siena University, Viale Bracci 1, Siena, Italy.
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