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Al-Awsi GRL, Jasim SA, Fakri Mustafa Y, Alhachami FR, Ziyadullaev S, Kandeel M, Abulkassim R, Sivaraman R, M Hameed N, Mireya Romero Parra R, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. The role of miRNA-128 in the development and progression of gastrointestinal and urogenital cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:4209-4231. [PMID: 36519554 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing data have shown the significance of various miRNAs in malignancy. In this regard, parallel to its biological role in normal tissues, miRNA-128 (miR-128) has been found to play an essential immunomodulatory function in the process of cancer initiation and development. The occurrence of the aberrant expression of miR-128 in tumors and the unique properties of miRNAs raise the prospect of their use as biomarkers and the next generation of molecular anticancer therapies. The function of miR-128 in malignancies such as breast, prostate, colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, esophageal, cervical, ovarian and bladder cancers and hepatocellular carcinoma is discussed in this review. Finally, the effect of exosomal miR-128 on cancer resistance to therapeutics and cancer immunotherapy in certain malignancies is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Firas Rahi Alhachami
- Department of Radiology, College of Health & Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Shukhrat Ziyadullaev
- No. 1 Department of Internal Diseases, Vice-rector for Scientific Affairs & Innovations, Samarkand State Medical University, Amir Temur Street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh, 33516, Egypt
| | | | - R Sivaraman
- Department of Mathematics, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Noora M Hameed
- Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Nisour University College, Iraq
| | | | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Shinawi T, Nasser KK, Moradi FA, Mujalli A, Albaqami WF, Almukadi HS, Elango R, Shaik NA, Banaganapalli B. A comparative mRNA- and miRNA transcriptomics reveals novel molecular signatures associated with metastatic prostate cancers. Front Genet 2022; 13:1066118. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1066118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is a fatally aggressive urogenital cancer killing millions of men, globally. Thus, this study aims to identify key miRNAs, target genes, and drug targets associated with prostate cancer metastasis.Methods: The miRNA and mRNA expression datasets of 148 prostate tissue biopsies (39 tumours and 109 normal tissues), were analysed by differential gene expression analysis, protein interactome mapping, biological pathway analysis, miRNA-mRNA networking, drug target analysis, and survival curve analysis.Results: The dysregulated expression of 53 miRNAs and their 250 target genes involved in Hedgehog, ErbB, and cAMP signalling pathways connected to cell growth, migration, and proliferation of prostate cancer cells was detected. The subsequent miRNA-mRNA network and expression status analysis have helped us in narrowing down their number to 3 hub miRNAs (hsa-miR-455-3p, hsa-miR-548c-3p, and hsa-miR-582-5p) and 9 hub genes (NFIB, DICER1, GSK3B, DCAF7, FGFR1OP, ABHD2, NACC2, NR3C1, and FGF2). Further investigations with different systems biology methods have prioritized NR3C1, ABHD2, and GSK3B as potential genes involved in prostate cancer metastasis owing to their high mutation load and expression status. Interestingly, down regulation of NR3C1 seems to improve the prostate cancer patient survival rate beyond 150 months. The NR3C1, ABHD2, and GSK3B genes are predicted to be targeted by hsa-miR-582-5p, besides some antibodies, PROTACs and inhibitory molecules.Conclusion: This study identified key miRNAs (miR-548c-3p and miR-582-5p) and target genes (NR3C1, ABHD2, and GSK3B) as potential biomarkers for metastatic prostate cancers from large-scale gene expression data using systems biology approaches.
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Olivan M, Garcia M, Suárez L, Guiu M, Gros L, Méndez O, Rigau M, Reventós J, Segura MF, de Torres I, Planas J, de la Cruz X, Gomis RR, Morote J, Rodríguez-Barrueco R, Santamaria A. Loss of microRNA-135b Enhances Bone Metastasis in Prostate Cancer and Predicts Aggressiveness in Human Prostate Samples. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6202. [PMID: 34944822 PMCID: PMC8699528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
About 70% of advanced-stage prostate cancer (PCa) patients will experience bone metastasis, which severely affects patients' quality of life and progresses to lethal PCa in most cases. Hence, understanding the molecular heterogeneity of PCa cell populations and the signaling pathways associated with bone tropism is crucial. For this purpose, we generated an animal model with high penetrance to metastasize to bone using an intracardiac percutaneous injection of PC3 cells to identify PCa metastasis-promoting factors. Using genomic high-throughput analysis we identified a miRNA signature involved in bone metastasis that also presents potential as a biomarker of PCa progression in human samples. In particular, the downregulation of miR-135b favored the incidence of bone metastases by significantly increasing PCa cells' migratory capacity. Moreover, the PLAG1, JAKMIP2, PDGFA, and VTI1b target genes were identified as potential mediators of miR-135b's role in the dissemination to bone. In this study, we provide a genomic signature involved in PCa bone growth, contributing to a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for this process. In the future, our results could ultimately translate into promising new therapeutic targets for the treatment of lethal PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Olivan
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Anatomy Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology-Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, Biomedical Research Group in Urology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.G.); (O.M.); (I.d.T.); (J.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Marta Garcia
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, Biomedical Research Group in Urology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.G.); (O.M.); (I.d.T.); (J.P.); (J.M.)
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Leticia Suárez
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, Biomedical Research Group in Urology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.G.); (O.M.); (I.d.T.); (J.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Marc Guiu
- Cancer Science Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Laura Gros
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, Biomedical Research Group in Urology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.G.); (O.M.); (I.d.T.); (J.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Olga Méndez
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, Biomedical Research Group in Urology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.G.); (O.M.); (I.d.T.); (J.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Marina Rigau
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Jaume Reventós
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.R.); (J.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Bàsiques, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel F. Segura
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Inés de Torres
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, Biomedical Research Group in Urology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.G.); (O.M.); (I.d.T.); (J.P.); (J.M.)
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacques Planas
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, Biomedical Research Group in Urology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.G.); (O.M.); (I.d.T.); (J.P.); (J.M.)
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier de la Cruz
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain;
- Group of Clinical and Translational Bioinformatics, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger R. Gomis
- Cancer Science Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.); (R.R.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Juan Morote
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, Biomedical Research Group in Urology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.G.); (O.M.); (I.d.T.); (J.P.); (J.M.)
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Rodríguez-Barrueco
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Anatomy Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology-Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anna Santamaria
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, Biomedical Research Group in Urology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.G.); (O.M.); (I.d.T.); (J.P.); (J.M.)
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Arrighetti N, Beretta GL. miRNAs as Therapeutic Tools and Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030380. [PMID: 33805590 PMCID: PMC7999286 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fifth cause of tumor-related deaths in man worldwide. Despite the considerable improvement in the clinical management of PCa, several limitations emerged both in the screening for early diagnosis and in the medical treatment. The use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening resulted in patients’ overtreatment and the standard therapy of patients suffering from locally advanced/metastatic tumors (e.g., radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy) showed time-limited efficacy with patients undergoing progression toward the lethal metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC). Although valuable alternative therapeutic options have been recently proposed (e.g., docetaxel, cabazitaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, and sipuleucel-T), mCRPC remains incurable. Based on this background, there is an urgent need to identify new and more accurate prostate-specific biomarkers for PCa diagnosis and prognosis and to develop innovative medical approaches to counteract mCRPC. In this context, microRNA (miRNAs) emerged as potential biomarkers in prostate tissues and biological fluids and appeared to be promising therapeutic targets/tools for cancer therapy. Here we overview the recent literature and summarize the achievements of using miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets/tools for fighting PCa.
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Li Z, Li J, Miao X, Cui W, Miao L, Cai L. A minireview: Role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in obesity-related renal injury. Life Sci 2020; 265:118828. [PMID: 33253722 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a critical energy-sensing switch, plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of obesity-related renal injury. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of AMPK activation against obesity-related renal injury in preclinical studies, with the main purposes of increasing the understanding of AMPK and providing new insights into the future clinical therapeutic strategies. The renoprotective effects of AMPK mainly act by modulating lipid metabolism and autophagy and suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. More importantly, we discussed the recent advances in this field that require further investigation. Firstly, the inhibitory effect of AMPK on ferroptosis is a potential mechanism for its protection against renal injury. Secondly, the effect of AMPK on lipolysis is complex: AMPK induces basal lipolysis but also inhibits stimulated lipolysis. Thirdly, statins may play a renoprotective role by activating AMPK. Fourthly, some microRNAs targeting AMPK mRNA have been implicated in diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. Further, AMPK can regulate the expression of some microRNAs, suggesting that the stable renoprotective effects of AMPK may benefit from its epigenetic regulation. Lastly, several natural compounds and synthetic drugs have been recognized to protect against obesity-related renal injury by activating AMPK and its downstream pathways in animal models. It remains to be seen if combination of newly identified drugs with traditional renoprotective medicine will have any synergistic therapeutic benefits without adding to side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiao Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, USA
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MicroRNAs as Guardians of the Prostate: Those Who Stand before Cancer. What Do We Really Know about the Role of microRNAs in Prostate Biology? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134796. [PMID: 32645914 PMCID: PMC7370012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths of men in the Western world. Despite recent advancement in genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics to understand prostate cancer biology and disease progression, castration resistant metastatic prostate cancer remains a major clinical challenge and often becomes incurable. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), about 22-nucleotide-long non-coding RNAs, are a group of regulatory molecules that mainly work through post-transcriptional gene silencing via translational repression. Expression analysis studies have revealed that miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in cancers and have been recognized as regulators of prostate cancer progression. In this critical review, we provide an analysis of reported miRNA functions and conflicting studies as they relate to expression levels of specific miRNAs and prostate cancer progression; oncogenic and/or tumor suppressor roles; androgen receptor signaling; epithelial plasticity; and the current status of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This review focuses on select miRNAs, highly expressed in normal and cancer tissue, to emphasize the current obstacles faced in utilizing miRNA data for significant impacts on prostate cancer therapeutics.
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Li Y, Zhong W, Zhu M, Li M, Yang Z. miR-185 inhibits prostate cancer angiogenesis induced by the nodal/ALK4 pathway. BMC Urol 2020; 20:49. [PMID: 32366240 PMCID: PMC7197131 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-00617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibition of angiogenesis in prostatic cancer could be a brand-new method to suppress tumour progression. Nodal/ALK4 has been associated with vascularization in many cancers. However, the relationship between and role of Nodal/ALK4 and miR-185 in human prostatic cancer is still unknown. Methods Prostatic cancer DU145 cells and LNCaP cells were used to investigate the angiogenic effect induced by Nodal and the anti-angiogenic roles of miR-185. Colony formation assay, MTT assay, transwell assay and tube formation assay were used to explore cell proliferation, migration and tube-forming ability, respectively. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding relationship between miR-185 and ALK4. The expression levels of miR-185, ALK4 and VEGF were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The effects of miR-185 and Nodal in prostate cancer were also investigated in animal experiments. Results VEGF expression was increased in DU145 cells and LNCaP cells after Nodal incubation, and Nodal activated the proliferation ability of prostatic cancer cells and the migration and tube-forming ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which were all inhibited by treatment with the Nodal inhibitor SB431524. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assay were used to verify miR-185 as a target of ALK4. Prostatic cancer cell proliferation was inhibited by overexpression of miR-185, which was shown to regulate the migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs by targeting ALK4 for suppression. miR-185 also showed a significant inverse correlation with Nodal treatment and reversed the angiogenic effects induced by Nodal. More importantly, for the first time, xenograft experiments indicated that overexpression of miR-185 suppressed tumour development. Conclusion The Nodal/ALK4 pathway is important in the angiogenesis of prostate cancer and can be inhibited by targeting miR-185 to downregulate ALK4. These findings provide a new perspective on the mechanism of prostate cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkong Li
- Department of Urology, Jingzhou Central Hospital and The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, No.60 Jingzhong Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Endocrine, Jingzhou Central Hospital and The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Urology, Jingzhou Central Hospital and The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, No.60 Jingzhong Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengbo Li
- Department of Urology, Jingzhou Central Hospital and The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, No.60 Jingzhong Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Yang
- Department of Urology, Jingzhou Central Hospital and The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, No.60 Jingzhong Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Huang Q, Ma B, Su Y, Chan K, Qu H, Huang J, Wang D, Qiu J, Liu H, Yang X, Wang Z. miR-197-3p Represses the Proliferation of Prostate Cancer by Regulating the VDAC1/AKT/β-catenin Signaling Axis. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1417-1426. [PMID: 32210729 PMCID: PMC7085225 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.42019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating investigations have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising efficient targets for the next generation of molecular therapeutics. The development of miRNA-based therapies requires the identification and validation of cancer-associated miRNAs. Herein, we identified that miR-197-3p regulates the carcinogenesis and development of prostate cancer (PCa) via bioinformatics analysis. Next, we investigated the function and regulatory mechanisms of miR-197-3p in PCa. Overexpression of miR-197-3p suppressed PCa cell proliferation and colony formation. In contrast, inhibition of miR-197-3p activity enhanced PCa cell proliferation and colony formation. Mechanistic investigations identified that voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is a direct target of miR-197-3p. miR-197-3p targeting of VDAC1 resulted in downregulation of p-Akt and β-catenin. Subsequently, we found that restoration of VDAC1 abolished the effects of miR-197-3p on PCa cell proliferation and AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, we confirmed that miR-197-3p suppressed tumor xenograft growth in vivo. In conclusion, our study offers an empirical investigation of miR-197-3p, a tumor suppressor that may be a potential therapeutic target in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Yixi Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Kawo Chan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Hu Qu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Dejuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Jianguang Qiu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Zhongyang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
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9
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miR-221-5p regulates proliferation and migration in human prostate cancer cells and reduces tumor growth in vivo. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:627. [PMID: 31238903 PMCID: PMC6593572 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite latest advances in prostate cancer (PCa) therapy, PCa remains the third-leading cause of cancer-related death in European men. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules with gene expression regulatory function, has been reported in all types of epithelial and haematological cancers. In particular, miR-221-5p alterations have been reported in PCa. Methods miRNA expression data was retrieved from a comprehensive publicly available dataset of 218 PCa patients (GSE21036) and miR-221-5p expression levels were analysed. The functional role of miR-221-5p was characterised in androgen- dependent and androgen- independent PCa cell line models (C4–2 and PC-3M-Pro4 cells) by miR-221-5p overexpression and knock-down experiments. The metastatic potential of highly aggressive PC-3M-Pro4 cells overexpressing miR-221-5p was determined by studying extravasation in a zebrafish model. Finally, the effect of miR-221-5p overexpression on the growth of PC-3M-Pro4luc2 cells in vivo was studied by orthotopic implantation in male Balb/cByJ nude mice and assessment of tumor growth. Results Analysis of microRNA expression dataset for human primary and metastatic PCa samples and control normal adjacent benign prostate revealed miR-221-5p to be significantly downregulated in PCa compared to normal prostate tissue and in metastasis compared to primary PCa. Our in vitro data suggest that miR-221-5p overexpression reduced PCa cell proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, miR-221-5p overexpression dramatically reduced migration of PCa cells, which was associated with differential expression of selected EMT markers. The functional changes of miR-221-5p overexpression were reversible by the loss of miR-221-5p levels, indicating that the tumor suppressive effects were specific to miR-221-5p. Additionally, miR-221-5p overexpression significantly reduced PC-3M-Pro4 cell extravasation and metastasis formation in a zebrafish model and decreased tumor burden in an orthotopic mouse model of PCa. Conclusions Together these data strongly support a tumor suppressive role of miR-221-5p in the context of PCa and its potential as therapeutic target. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5819-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zhao M, Qi M, Li X, Hu J, Zhang J, Jiao M, Bai X, Peng X, Han B. CUL4B/miR-33b/C-MYC axis promotes prostate cancer progression. Prostate 2019; 79:480-488. [PMID: 30609075 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cullin 4B (CUL4B), a scaffold protein that assembles CRL4B ubiquitin ligase complexes, is overexpressed in many types of solid tumors and contributes to epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressors. However, its clinical significance and underlying molecular mechanisms in prostate cancer (PCa) remain unknown. METHODS The clinical significance of CUL4B in PCa was characterized by in silico method. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to study the transcript and protein expression levels of CUL4B and C-MYC. Bioinformatics tools, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay were utilized to identify and characterize the microRNAs (miRNAs) regulated by CUL4B. The biological function of CUL4B and miR-33b-5p was evaluated by MTS, transwell, and wound healing assays, accordingly. RESULTS CUL4B is significantly overexpressed in PCa tissues compared with benign prostatic tissues and its overexpression is correlated with poor prognosis. CUL4B promotes proliferation and aggressiveness of PCa cells in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CUL4B upregulates the expression of C-MYC at post-transcriptional level through epigenetic silencing of miR-33b-5p. Importantly, CUL4B-induced oncogenic activity in PCa by targeting C-MYC is repressed by miR-33b-5p. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested a novel CUL4B/miR-33b/C-MYC axis implicated in PCa cell growth and progression. This might provide novel insight into how CUL4B contributed to PCa aggressiveness and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Mei Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinjun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinnuo Bai
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xijia Peng
- Human Biology Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu Hospital, Jinan, China
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11
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miR-326 functions as a tumor suppressor in human prostatic carcinoma by targeting Mucin1. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:574-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Jia L, Gui B, Zheng D, Decker KF, Tinay I, Tan M, Wang X, Kibel AS. Androgen receptor-regulated miRNA-193a-3p targets AJUBA to promote prostate cancer cell migration. Prostate 2017; 77:1000-1011. [PMID: 28422308 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression is implicated in cancer development and progression by modulating oncogenes or tumor suppressors at the post-transcriptional level. Methods To investigate the role of miRNAs in prostate cancer (PCa) progression, we performed small RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells and LNCaP-derived castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) C4-2B cells. For functional validation, we specifically investigated miR-193a-3p, which is highly upregulated in C4-2B cells and modulated by the androgen receptor (AR). We elucidated the role of miR-193a-3p and its downstream target gene in PCa cell migration using biochemical approaches. Results We identified a subset of differentially expressed miRNAs in C4-2B cells compared to LNCaP cells. Computational analysis shows that the targets of upregulated miRNAs are significantly associated with downregulated protein-coding mRNAs in C4-2B cells. Gene Ontology analysis further reveals that these downregulated mRNAs are significantly enriched in cell-cell adhesion functions. Downregulation of these miRNA-targeted genes may change PCa cell motility resulting in the acquisition of metastatic potential. We then focus on miR-193a-3p and demonstrate overexpression of miR-193a-3p increases cell migration through downregulating its target AJUBA. AJUBA is a LIM domain protein and contributes to the formation and stability of cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Loss of AJUBA enhances PCa migration and downregulation of AJUBA expression is observed in metastatic PCa tumors. Conclusions Our results suggest a novel AR/miR-193a-3p/AJUBA pathway implicated in PCa progression. MiR-193a-3p is a potential therapeutic target for metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jia
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bin Gui
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dali Zheng
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Keith F Decker
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ilker Tinay
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Jakobsen NA, Hamdy FC, Bryant RJ. Novel biomarkers for the detection of prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2016; 9:3-10. [PMID: 28344810 PMCID: PMC5356177 DOI: 10.1177/2051415816656121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used as a biomarker in the detection of prostate cancer and for decision making regarding treatment options, response to therapy, and clinical follow-up. Despite its widespread use, it is well recognised that PSA has suboptimal performance as a screening tool due to poor specificity, resulting in high negative biopsy rates and potential ‘over-diagnosis’ and ‘over-treatment’ of clinically insignificant cancers. In particular, PSA does not reliably distinguish either cancer from benign prostatic conditions, or ‘clinically significant’ from ‘indolent cancers’, and it is inaccurate in predicting disease burden and response to treatment. There is an urgent demand for novel biomarkers to address these clinical needs. This article provides an update on the novel candidate biomarkers in development, which have shown potential for improving the detection of clinically significant cases of this malignancy.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of biomarkers for prostate cancer screening, diagnosis and prognosis has the potential to improve the clinical management of the patients. Owing to inherent limitations of the biomarker prostate-specific antigen (PSA), intensive efforts are currently directed towards a search for alternative prostate cancer biomarkers, particularly those that can predict disease aggressiveness and drive better treatment decisions. METHODS A literature search of Medline articles focused on recent and emerging advances in prostate cancer biomarkers was performed. The most promising biomarkers that have the potential to meet the unmet clinical needs in prostate cancer patient management and/or that are clinically implemented were selected. CONCLUSIONS With the advent of advanced genomic and proteomic technologies, we have in recent years seen an enormous spurt in prostate cancer biomarker research with several promising alternative biomarkers being discovered that show an improved sensitivity and specificity over PSA. The new generation of biomarkers can be tested via serum, urine, or tissue-based assays that have either received regulatory approval by the US Food and Drug Administration or are available as Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-based laboratory developed tests. Additional emerging novel biomarkers for prostate cancer, including circulating tumor cells, microRNAs and exosomes, are still in their infancy. Together, these biomarkers provide actionable guidance for prostate cancer risk assessment, and are expected to lead to an era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanjot Saini
- Department of Urology, Urology Research (112J), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Differentially Expressed Genes and Signature Pathways of Human Prostate Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145322. [PMID: 26683658 PMCID: PMC4687717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic technologies including microarrays and next-generation sequencing have enabled the generation of molecular signatures of prostate cancer. Lists of differentially expressed genes between malignant and non-malignant states are thought to be fertile sources of putative prostate cancer biomarkers. However such lists of differentially expressed genes can be highly variable for multiple reasons. As such, looking at differential expression in the context of gene sets and pathways has been more robust. Using next-generation genome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, differential gene expression between age- and stage- matched human prostate tumors and non-malignant samples was assessed and used to craft a pathway signature of prostate cancer. Up- and down-regulated genes were assigned to pathways composed of curated groups of related genes from multiple databases. The significance of these pathways was then evaluated according to the number of differentially expressed genes found in the pathway and their position within the pathway using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Signaling Pathway Impact Analysis. The “transforming growth factor-beta signaling” and “Ran regulation of mitotic spindle formation” pathways were strongly associated with prostate cancer. Several other significant pathways confirm reported findings from microarray data that suggest actin cytoskeleton regulation, cell cycle, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and calcium signaling are also altered in prostate cancer. Thus we have demonstrated feasibility of pathway analysis and identified an underexplored area (Ran) for investigation in prostate cancer pathogenesis.
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16
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Huang K, Tang Y, He L, Dai Y. MicroRNA-340 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting the MDM2-p53 pathway. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:887-95. [PMID: 26718483 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the important role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating cancer progression and metastasis, but the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate prostate cancer (PCa) tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. In the present study, we found that miR-340 may act as a tumor suppressor based on our finding that it was significantly downregulated in PCa tumor tissues and cell lines. Moreover, the expression of miR-340 was found to be correlated with the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and had a suppressive effect on tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model as well. The suppressive effect of miR-340 overexpression was observed in cell lines DU145 and BPH-1 which express wild-type (WT) p53. However, in the p53-null PC-3 cell line, the suppressive effect was not found, indicating that miR-340 may play a critical role in the p53 pathway. Further investigation revealed that mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), an important regulator of p53, was targeted by miR-340 through the direct binding to the 3'UTR of MDM2, which inhibited MDM2 translation. In addition, miR-340 expression stabilized p53 protein levels which caused an increase in p21 expression but a decrease in the anti‑apoptotic protein, BCL-2, in the p53 WT cell lines. Moreover, the miR-340-mediated inhibition of cell progression was mitigated by re-expressing MDM2 in the stable miR‑340-overexpressing PCa cell line, which harbors WT p53. Our findings suggest that miR-340 may function as a novel tumor suppressor in PCa through the MDM2-p53 pathway by directly targeting MDM2, which may be a promising miRNA-targeted therapy for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Leye He
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yingbo Dai
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Bucay N, Shahryari V, Majid S, Yamamura S, Mitsui Y, Tabatabai ZL, Greene K, Deng G, Dahiya R, Tanaka Y, Saini S. miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26382040 DOI: 10.3791/53123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical challenge in prostate cancer (PCa) clinical management is posed by the inadequacy of currently used biomarkers for disease screening, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising alternate biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the development of miRNAs as effective biomarkers for prostate cancer heavily relies on their accurate detection in clinical tissues. miRNA analyses in prostate cancer clinical specimens is often challenging owing to tumor heterogeneity, sampling errors, stromal contamination etc. The goal of this article is to describe a simplified workflow for miRNA analyses in archived FFPE or fresh frozen prostate cancer clinical specimens using a combination of quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Within this workflow, we optimize the existing methodologies for miRNA extraction from FFPE and frozen prostate tissues and expression analyses by Taqman-probe based miRNA RT-PCR. In addition, we describe an optimized method for ISH analyses formiRNA detection in prostate tissues using locked nucleic acid (LNA)- based probes. Our optimized miRNA ISH protocol can be applied to prostate cancer tissue slides or prostate cancer tissue microarrays (TMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Bucay
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, University of California San Francisco
| | - Varahram Shahryari
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, University of California San Francisco
| | - Shahana Majid
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, University of California San Francisco
| | - Soichiro Yamamura
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, University of California San Francisco
| | - Yozo Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, University of California San Francisco
| | - Z Laura Tabatabai
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, University of California San Francisco
| | - Kirsten Greene
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, University of California San Francisco
| | - Guoren Deng
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, University of California San Francisco
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, University of California San Francisco
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, University of California San Francisco
| | - Sharanjot Saini
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, University of California San Francisco;
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A novel miRNA-based predictive model for biochemical failure following post-prostatectomy salvage radiation therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118745. [PMID: 25760964 PMCID: PMC4356539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a microRNA (miRNA)-based predictive model for prostate cancer patients of 1) time to biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy and 2) biochemical recurrence after salvage radiation therapy following documented biochemical disease progression post-radical prostatectomy. Methods Forty three patients who had undergone salvage radiation therapy following biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy with greater than 4 years of follow-up data were identified. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were collected for all patients and total RNA was isolated from 1mm cores enriched for tumor (>70%). Eight hundred miRNAs were analyzed simultaneously using the nCounter human miRNA v2 assay (NanoString Technologies; Seattle, WA). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportion hazards regression models as well as receiver operating characteristics were used to identify statistically significant miRNAs that were predictive of biochemical recurrence. Results Eighty eight miRNAs were identified to be significantly (p<0.05) associated with biochemical failure post-prostatectomy by multivariate analysis and clustered into two groups that correlated with early (≤ 36 months) versus late recurrence (>36 months). Nine miRNAs were identified to be significantly (p<0.05) associated by multivariate analysis with biochemical failure after salvage radiation therapy. A new predictive model for biochemical recurrence after salvage radiation therapy was developed; this model consisted of miR-4516 and miR-601 together with, Gleason score, and lymph node status. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was improved to 0.83 compared to that of 0.66 for Gleason score and lymph node status alone. Conclusion miRNA signatures can distinguish patients who fail soon after radical prostatectomy versus late failures, giving insight into which patients may need adjuvant therapy. Notably, two novel miRNAs (miR-4516 and miR-601) were identified that significantly improve prediction of biochemical failure post-salvage radiation therapy compared to clinico-histopathological factors, supporting the use of miRNAs within clinically used predictive models. Both findings warrant further validation studies.
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Costa-Pinheiro P, Patel HRH, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Biomarkers and personalized risk stratification for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:1349-58. [PMID: 25148431 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.952288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common neoplasia among men in developed countries and a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. PCa is a very heterogeneous disease, both clinically and biologically. Currently, it is difficult to stratify patients into risk groups that entail different disease management. Therefore, a personalized view of this disease is mandatory, through the development of new and more accurate biomarkers that may help clinicians to stratify patients according to threat that PCa poses for each patient. Hence, this review focuses on recent developments of molecular and immunohistochemical biomarkers for PCa risk stratification that might enable a personalized approach to PCa patients. However, despite the increasing amount of available data, there is also an urgent need to translate the most promising biomarkers for clinical use through large multicenter validation trials. Ultimately, these will contribute for an improved clinical management of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Costa-Pinheiro
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group - Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (CI-IPOP), LAB 3, F Building, 1st floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Mavridis K, Avgeris M, Scorilas A. Targeting kallikrein-related peptidases in prostate cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:365-83. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.880693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Balistreri CR, Candore G, Lio D, Carruba G. Prostate cancer: from the pathophysiologic implications of some genetic risk factors to translation in personalized cancer treatments. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:2-11. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Felgueiras J, Silva JV, Fardilha M. Prostate cancer: the need for biomarkers and new therapeutic targets. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 15:16-42. [PMID: 24390742 PMCID: PMC3891116 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality have decreased in recent years. Nonetheless, it remains one of the most prevalent cancers in men, being a disquieting cause of men's death worldwide. Changes in many cell signaling pathways have a predominant role in the onset, development, and progression of the disease. These include prominent pathways involved in the growth, apoptosis, and angiogenesis of the normal prostate gland, such as androgen and estrogen signaling, and other growth factor signaling pathways. Understanding the foundations of PCa is leading to the discovery of key molecules that could be used to improve patient management. The ideal scenario would be to have a panel of molecules, preferably detectable in body fluids, that are specific and sensitive biomarkers for PCa. In the early stages, androgen deprivation is the gold standard therapy. However, as the cancer progresses, it eventually becomes independent of androgens, and hormonal therapy fails. For this reason, androgen-independent PCa is still a major therapeutic challenge. By disrupting specific protein interactions or manipulating the expression of some key molecules, it might be possible to regulate tumor growth and metastasis formation, avoiding the systemic side effects of current therapies. Clinical trials are already underway to assess the efficacy of molecules specially designed to target key proteins or protein interactions. In this review, we address that recent progress made towards understanding PCa development and the molecular pathways underlying this pathology. We also discuss relevant molecular markers for the management of PCa and new therapeutic challenges.
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Lewis H, Lance R, Troyer D, Beydoun H, Hadley M, Orians J, Benzine T, Madric K, Semmes OJ, Drake R, Esquela-Kerscher A. miR-888 is an expressed prostatic secretions-derived microRNA that promotes prostate cell growth and migration. Cell Cycle 2013; 13:227-39. [PMID: 24200968 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are a growing class of small non-coding RNAs that exhibit widespread dysregulation in prostate cancer. We profiled miRNA expression in syngeneic human prostate cancer cell lines that differed in their metastatic potential in order to determine their role in aggressive prostate cancer. miR-888 was the most differentially expressed miRNA observed in human metastatic PC3-ML cells relative to non-invasive PC3-N cells, and its levels were higher in primary prostate tumors from cancer patients, particularly those with seminal vesicle invasion. We also examined a novel miRNA-based biomarker source called expressed prostatic secretions in urine (EPS urine) for miR-888 expression and found that its levels were preferentially elevated in prostate cancer patients with high-grade disease. These expression studies indicated a correlation for miR-888 in disease progression. We next tested how miR-888 regulated cancer-related pathways in vitro using human prostate cancer cell lines. Overexpression of miR-888 increased proliferation and migration, and conversely inhibition of miR-888 activity blocked these processes. miR-888 also increased colony formation in PC3-N and LNCaP cells, supporting an oncogenic role for this miRNA in the prostate. Our data indicates that miR-888 functions to promote prostate cancer progression and can suppress protein levels of the tumor suppressor genes RBL1 and SMAD4. This miRNA holds promise as a diagnostic tool using an innovative prostatic fluid source as well as a therapeutic target for aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Lewis
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Raymond Lance
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA; Department of Urology; Eastern Virginia Medical School and Urology of Virginia; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Dean Troyer
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Hind Beydoun
- Graduate Program in Public Health; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Melissa Hadley
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Joseph Orians
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Tiffany Benzine
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Kenya Madric
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - O John Semmes
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Richard Drake
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Aurora Esquela-Kerscher
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
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Alshalalfa M, Alhajj R. Using context-specific effect of miRNAs to identify functional associations between miRNAs and gene signatures. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14 Suppl 12:S1. [PMID: 24267745 PMCID: PMC3848857 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-s12-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are a class of short regulatory RNAs that act as post-transcriptional fine-tune regulators of a large host of genes that play key roles in many cellular processes and signaling pathways. A useful step for understanding their functional role is characterizing their influence on the protein context of the targets. Using miRNA context-specific influence as a functional signature is promising to identify functional associations between miRNAs and other gene signatures, and thus advance our understanding of miRNA mode of action. RESULTS In the current study we utilized the power of regularized regression models to construct functional associations between gene signatures. Genes that are influenced by miRNAs directly(computational miRNA target prediction) or indirectly (protein partners of direct targets) are defined as functional miRNA gene signature. The combined direct and indirect miRNA influence is defined as context-specific effects of miRNAs, and is used to identify regulatory effects of miRNAs on curated gene signatures. Elastic-net regression was used to build functional associations between context-specific effect of miRNAs and other gene signatures (disease, pathway signatures) by identifying miRNAs whose targets are enriched in gene lists. As a proof of concept, elastic-net regression was applied on lists of genes downregulated upon pre-miRNA transfection, and successfully identified the treated miRNA. This model was then extended to construct functional relationships between miRNAs and disease and pathway gene lists. Integrating context-specific effects of miRNAs on a protein network reveals more significant miRNA enrichment in prostate gene signatures compared to miRNA direct targets. The model identified novel list of miRNAs that are associated with prostate clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS Elastic-net regression is used as a model to construct functional associations between miRNA signatures and other gene signatures. Defining miRNA context-specific functional gene signature by integrating the downstream effect of miRNAs demonstrates better performance compared to the miRNA signature alone (direct targets). miRNA functional signatures can greatly facilitate miRNA research to uncover new functional associations between miRNAs and diseases, drugs or pathways.
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Honeywell DR, Cabrita MA, Zhao H, Dimitroulakos J, Addison CL. miR-105 inhibits prostate tumour growth by suppressing CDK6 levels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70515. [PMID: 23950948 PMCID: PMC3737265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant role for micro (mi)RNA in the regulation of gene expression in tumours has been recently established. In order to further understand how miRNA expression may contribute to prostate tumour growth and progression, we evaluated expression of miRNA in two invasive prostate tumour lines, PC3 and DU145, and compared it to that in normal prostate epithelial cells. Although a number of miRNAs were differentially expressed, we focused our analysis on miR-105, a novel miRNA not previously linked to prostate cancer. miR-105 levels were significantly decreased in both tumour cell lines in comparison to normal prostate epithelial cells. To determine its potential role in prostate cancer pathogenesis, we overexpressed miR-105 in both PC3 and DU145 cells and determined its effect on various tumourigenic properties. miR-105 overexpression inhibited tumour cell proliferation, tumour growth in anchorage-independent three-dimensional conditions and tumour invasion in vitro, properties of highly aggressive tumour cells. Of potential clinical significance, miR-105 overexpression inhibited tumour growth in vivo in xenograft models using these cell lines. We further identified CDK6 as a putative target of miR-105 which is likely a main contributor to the inhibition of tumour cell growth observed in our assays. Our results suggest that miR-105 inhibits tumour cell proliferation and hence may represent a novel therapeutically relevant cellular target to inhibit tumour growth or a marker of aggressive tumours in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Rice Honeywell
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miguel A. Cabrita
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jim Dimitroulakos
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina L. Addison
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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26
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Kim SJ, Ha JW, Zhang BT. Constructing higher-order miRNA-mRNA interaction networks in prostate cancer via hypergraph-based learning. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7:47. [PMID: 23782521 PMCID: PMC3733828 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of genetic factors such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs has been widely shown to be associated with cancer progression and development. In particular, miRNAs and mRNAs cooperate to affect biological processes, including tumorigenesis. The complexity of miRNA-mRNA interactions presents a major barrier to identifying their co-regulatory roles and functional effects. Thus, by computationally modeling these complex relationships, it may be possible to infer the gene interaction networks underlying complicated biological processes. RESULTS We propose a data-driven, hypergraph structural method for constructing higher-order miRNA-mRNA interaction networks from cancer genomic profiles. The proposed model explicitly characterizes higher-order relationships among genetic factors, from which cooperative gene activities in biological processes may be identified. The proposed model is learned by iteration of structure and parameter learning. The structure learning efficiently constructs a hypergraph structure by generating putative hyperedges representing complex miRNA-mRNA modules. It adopts an evolutionary method based on information-theoretic criteria. In the parameter learning phase, the constructed hypergraph is refined by updating the hyperedge weights using the gradient descent method. From the model, we produce biologically relevant higher-order interaction networks showing the properties of primary and metastatic prostate cancer, as candidates of potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory circuits. CONCLUSIONS Our approach focuses on potential cancer-specific interactions reflecting higher-order relationships between miRNAs and mRNAs from expression profiles. The constructed miRNA-mRNA interaction networks show oncogenic or tumor suppression characteristics, which are known to be directly associated with prostate cancer progression. Therefore, the hypergraph-based model can assist hypothesis formulation for the molecular pathogenesis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Rigau M, Olivan M, Garcia M, Sequeiros T, Montes M, Colás E, Llauradó M, Planas J, de Torres I, Morote J, Cooper C, Reventós J, Clark J, Doll A. The present and future of prostate cancer urine biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12620-49. [PMID: 23774836 PMCID: PMC3709804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to successfully cure patients with prostate cancer (PCa), it is important to detect the disease at an early stage. The existing clinical biomarkers for PCa are not ideal, since they cannot specifically differentiate between those patients who should be treated immediately and those who should avoid over-treatment. Current screening techniques lack specificity, and a decisive diagnosis of PCa is based on prostate biopsy. Although PCa screening is widely utilized nowadays, two thirds of the biopsies performed are still unnecessary. Thus the discovery of non-invasive PCa biomarkers remains urgent. In recent years, the utilization of urine has emerged as an attractive option for the non-invasive detection of PCa. Moreover, a great improvement in high-throughput “omic” techniques has presented considerable opportunities for the identification of new biomarkers. Herein, we will review the most significant urine biomarkers described in recent years, as well as some future prospects in that field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rigau
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Mireia Olivan
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Marta Garcia
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Tamara Sequeiros
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Melania Montes
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Eva Colás
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Marta Llauradó
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacques Planas
- Department of Urology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (J.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Inés de Torres
- Department of Pathology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Juan Morote
- Department of Urology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (J.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Colin Cooper
- Cancer Genetics, University of East Anglia, Norwich Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK; E-Mails: (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jaume Reventós
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalonia, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeremy Clark
- Cancer Genetics, University of East Anglia, Norwich Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK; E-Mails: (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Andreas Doll
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-93-489-4067; Fax: +34-93-274-6708
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Walter BA, Valera VA, Pinto PA, Merino MJ. Comprehensive microRNA Profiling of Prostate Cancer. J Cancer 2013; 4:350-7. [PMID: 23781281 PMCID: PMC3677622 DOI: 10.7150/jca.6394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that have been shown to regulate the expression of genes linked to cancer. The relevance of microRNAs in the development, progression and prognosis of prostate cancer is not fully understood. It is also possible that these specific molecules may assist in the recognition of aggressive tumors and the development of new molecular targets. Our study investigated the importance of several microRNAs in cases of prostate cancer from 37 patients that were manually microdissected to obtain pure populations of tumor cells, normal epithelium and adjacent stroma. MicroRNA was extracted for PCR array profiling. Differentially expressed miRNAs for each case were used to compare tumor vs. normal epithelium and tumor-adjacent stroma samples. Loss of 18 miRNAs (e.g.miR-34c, miR-29b, miR-212 and miR-10b) and upregulation of miR-143 and miR-146b were significantly found in all the tumors in comparison with normal epithelium and/or stroma (p≤ 0.001). A different signature was found in the high grade tumors (Gleason score ≥ 8) when compared with tumors Gleason score 6. Upregulation of miR-122, miR-335, miR-184, miR-193, miR-34, miR-138, miR-373, miR-9, miR-198, miR-144 and miR-215 and downregulation of miR-96, miR-222, miR-148, miR-92, miR-27, miR-125, miR-126, miR-27 were found in the high grade tumors. MicroRNA profiling in prostate cancer appears to have unique expression patterns in comparison with normal tissue. These differential expressed miRNAs may provide novel diagnostic and prognostic tools that will assist in the recognition of prostate cancers with aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A Walter
- 1. Translational Surgical Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
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Yu HWH, Sze DMY, Cho WCS. MicroRNAs Involved in Anti-Tumour Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5587-607. [PMID: 23478435 PMCID: PMC3634477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a category of small RNAs that constitute a new layer of complexity to gene regulation within the cell, which has provided new perspectives in understanding cancer biology. The deregulation of miRNAs contributes critically to the development and pathophysiology of a number of cancers. miRNAs have been found to participate in cell transformation and multiplication by acting as tumour oncogenes or suppressors; therefore, harnessing miRNAs may provide promising cancer therapeutics. Another major function of miRNAs is their activity as critical regulatory vehicles eliciting important regulatory processes in anti-tumour immunity through their influence on the development, differentiation and activation of various immune cells of both innate and adaptive immunity. This review aims to summarise recent findings focusing on the regulatory mechanisms of the development, differentiation, and proliferative aspects of the major immune populations by a diverse profile of miRNAs and may enrich our current understanding of the involvement of miRNAs in anti-tumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong W. H. Yu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +852-3400-8591; Fax: +852-3904-7867
| | - Daniel M. Y. Sze
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; E-Mail:
| | - William C. S. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; E-Mail: or
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Qabaja A, Alshalalfa M, Bismar TA, Alhajj R. Protein network-based Lasso regression model for the construction of disease-miRNA functional interactions. EURASIP JOURNAL ON BIOINFORMATICS & SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 2013:3. [PMID: 23339438 PMCID: PMC3606436 DOI: 10.1186/1687-4153-2013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background There is a growing body of evidence associating microRNAs (miRNAs) with human diseases. MiRNAs are new key players in the disease paradigm demonstrating roles in several human diseases. The functional association between miRNAs and diseases remains largely unclear and far from complete. With the advent of high-throughput functional genomics techniques that infer genes and biological pathways dysregulted in diseases, it is now possible to infer functional association between diseases and biological molecules by integrating disparate biological information. Results Here, we first used Lasso regression model to identify miRNAs associated with disease signature as a proof of concept. Then we proposed an integrated approach that uses disease-gene associations from microarray experiments and text mining, and miRNA-gene association from computational predictions and protein networks to build functional associations network between miRNAs and diseases. The findings of the proposed model were validated against gold standard datasets using ROC analysis and results were promising (AUC=0.81). Our protein network-based approach discovered 19 new functional associations between prostate cancer and miRNAs. The new 19 associations were validated using miRNA expression data and clinical profiles and showed to act as diagnostic and prognostic prostate biomarkers. The proposed integrated approach allowed us to reconstruct functional associations between miRNAs and human diseases and uncovered functional roles of newly discovered miRNAs. Conclusions Lasso regression was used to find associations between diseases and miRNAs using their gene signature. Defining miRNA gene signature by integrating the downstream effect of miRNAs demonstrated better performance than the miRNA signature alone. Integrating biological networks and multiple data to define miRNA and disease gene signature demonstrated high performance to uncover new functional associations between miRNAs and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Qabaja
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Qin A, Wen Z, Zhou Y, Li Y, Li Y, Luo J, Ren T, Xu L. MicroRNA-126 regulates the induction and function of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells through PI3K/AKT pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:252-64. [PMID: 23301798 PMCID: PMC3822588 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence showed that limited activation of PI3K/Akt pathway was critical for induction and function sustainment of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we reported that miR-126 was expressed in mouse and human Tregs. Further study showed that silencing of miR-126 using miR-126 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) could significantly reduce the induction of Tregs in vitro. Furthermore, miR-126 silencing could obviously reduce the expression of Foxp3 on Tregs, which was accompanied by decreased expression of CTLA-4 and GITR, as well as IL-10 and TGF-β, and impair its suppressive function. Mechanistic evidence showed that silencing of miR-126 enhanced the expression of its target p85β and subsequently altered the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway, which was ultimately responsible for reduced induction and suppressive function of Tregs. Finally, we further revealed that miR-126 silencing could impair the suppressive function of Tregs in vivo and endow effectively antitumour effect of CD8(+) T cells in adoptive cell transfer assay using a murine breast cancer model. Therefore, our study showed that miR-126 could act as fine-tuner in regulation of PI3K-Akt pathway transduction in the induction and sustained suppressive function of Tregs and provided a novel insight into the development of therapeutic strategies for promoting T-cell immunity by regulating Tregs through targeting specific miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andong Qin
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, 563000, China
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MicroRNA Response Elements-Mediated miRNA-miRNA Interactions in Prostate Cancer. Adv Bioinformatics 2012; 2012:839837. [PMID: 23193399 PMCID: PMC3502784 DOI: 10.1155/2012/839837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell is a highly organized system of interacting molecules including proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs. Analyzing the cell
from a systems perspective by integrating different types of data helps revealing the complexity of diseases. Although there is
emerging evidence that microRNAs have a functional role in cancer, the role of microRNAs in mediating cancer progression
and metastasis remains not fully explored. As the amount of available miRNA and mRNA gene expression data grows, more
systematic methods combining gene expression and biological networks become necessary to explore miRNA function. In this work
I integrated functional miRNA-target interactions with mRNA and miRNA expression to infer mRNA-mediated miRNA-miRNA
interactions. The inferred network represents miRNA modulation through common targets. The network is used to characterize
the functional role of microRNA response element (MRE) to mediate interactions between miRNAs targeting the MRE. Results
revealed that miRNA-1 is a key player in regulating prostate cancer progression. 11 miRNAs were identified as diagnostic and
prognostic biomarkers that act as tumor suppressor miRNAs. This work demonstrates the utility of a network analysis as opposed
to differential expression to find important miRNAs that regulate prostate cancer.
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Current challenges in development of differentially expressed and prognostic prostate cancer biomarkers. Prostate Cancer 2012; 2012:640968. [PMID: 22970379 PMCID: PMC3434411 DOI: 10.1155/2012/640968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Predicting the aggressiveness of prostate cancer at biopsy is invaluable in making treatment decisions. In this paper we review the differential expression of genes and microRNAs identified through microarray analysis as potentially useful markers for prostate cancer prognosis and discuss some of the challenges associated with their development. Methods. A review of the literature was conducted through Medline. Articles were identified through searches of the following terms: "prostate cancer AND differential expression", "prostate cancer prognosis", and "prostate cancer AND microRNAs". Results. Though numerous differentially expressed genes and microRNAs were identified as possible prognostic markers, the significance of several of these genes is either debated due to conflicting results or is not validated in other study populations. A few of the articles constructed predictive nomograms using a panel of biomarkers which require further validation. Challenges to the development of useful markers include different methodology, cancer heterogeneity, and sampling error. These can be overcome by categorizing prognostic factors into particular gene pathways or by supplementing biopsy information with blood or urine-based biomarkers. Conclusion. Though biomarkers based on differential expression offer the potential to improve decision making concerning prostate cancer, further validation of their utility and accuracy at the biopsy level is needed.
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