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Lv W, Jin W, Lin J, Wang Z, Ma Y, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Hu Y, Qu Q, Guo S. Forsythia suspensa polyphenols regulate macrophage M1 polarization to alleviate intestinal inflammation in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 125:155336. [PMID: 38295660 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was a chronic intestinal disease related to autoimmunity, and its pathogenesis was complex. Forsythia suspensa (F. suspensa) had good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The active component polyphenols had significant effects in the treatment of intestinal inflammation. Researches had found that polarization, pyroptosis and apoptosis of macrophages can drive the occurrence and development of colitis. PURPOSE In this study, we examined whether F. suspensa polyphenols (FPP) mitigated DSS-induced colitis, and explored its potential mechanisms. METHODS The potential targets of F. suspensa in intestinal inflammation were predicted through network pharmacology. Using LPS and IFN-γ induced macrophage M1 polarization in J774A.1 cells. Macrophage polarization was detected through RT-qPCR, flow cytometry and ELISA. Ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice was induced by 2.5% DSS for 7 days, and then oral administrated different doses of FPP for another 7 days. Then we assessed the body weight, diarrhea, bleeding in stool, colon length, cytokines of serum and pathology of colon. The effects of FPP on the gut microbiota in mice also tested and evaluated. RESULTS Our results showed that the main active ingredient of F. suspensa in protecting intestinal inflammation were polyphenols and F. suspensa was multi-targeted in the treatment of intestinal inflammation. FPP inhibited M1 polarization and polarizes towards M2 in J774A.1 cells. FPP inhibited pyroptosis and apoptosis to exert anti-inflammatory effects. FPP had a good protective effect on DSS induced UC in mice. In unison, FPP inhibited M1 polarization, apoptosis, and pyroptosis in UC mice. FPP regulated intestinal homeostasis in mice with UC by improving the gut microbiota and enhancing the intestinal metabolites short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs). CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that FPP may alleviate UC by inhibiting M1 polarization in mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that the reduction of colitis by FPP may related to macrophage polarization, pyroptosis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shining Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Research Center for Veterinary Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine Engineering Technology, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Song S, Wang J, Jin C, Jia L, Ma Y, Yuan T, Cai Z, Xiang M. IRF5 governs macrophage adventitial infiltration to fuel abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e171488. [PMID: 38175709 PMCID: PMC11143966 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the expansion of the aortic wall. One of the most significant features is the infiltration of macrophages in the adventitia, which drives vasculature remodeling. The role of macrophage-derived interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in macrophage infiltration and AAA formation remains unknown. RNA sequencing of AAA adventitia identified Irf5 as the top significantly increased transcription factor that is predominantly expressed in macrophages. Global and myeloid cell-specific deficiency of Irf5 reduced AAA progression, with a marked reduction in macrophage infiltration. Further cellular investigations indicated that IRF5 promotes macrophage migration by direct regulation of downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ, Pik3cg). Pik3cg ablation hindered AAA progression, and myeloid cell-specific salvage of Pik3cg restored AAA progression and macrophage infiltration derived from Irf5 deficiency. Finally, we found that IRF5 and PI3Kγ expression in the adventitia is significantly increased in patients with AAA. These findings reveal that the IRF5-dependent regulation of PI3Kγ is essential for AAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Chunna Jin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Liangliang Jia
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Yuankun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Tan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Zhejun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
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Liu B, Deng Y, Duan Z, Chu C, Wang X, Yang C, Li J, Ding W. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote intestinal barrier dysfunction by regulating macrophage polarization during trauma/hemorrhagic shock via the TGF-β signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110941. [PMID: 37890686 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may cause intestinal barrier dysfunction in response to trauma/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) remains unclear. In this study, the roles and mechanisms of NETs in macrophage polarization were examined to determine whether this process plays a role in tissue damage associated with T/HS. Rat models of T/HS and macrophage polarization were developed and the levels of NETs formation in the intestinal tissue of T/HS rats were assessed. NET formation was inhibited in models of T/HS to examine the effect on intestinal inflammation and barrier injury. The proportions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages in the damaged intestinal tissues were measured. Finally, high-throughput sequencing was performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in this process. The study revealed that the level of NETs formation was increased and that inhibition of NETs formation alleviated the intestinal inflammation and barrier injury. Moreover, the number of pro-inflammatory macrophages increased and the number of anti-inflammatory macrophages decreased. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that NETs formation decreased the expression of transforming growth factor-beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2), bioinformatic analyses revealed that TGFBR2 was significantly enriched in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Verification experiments showed that NETs impeded macrophage differentiation into the anti-inflammatory/M2 phenotype and inhibited TGFBR2 and TGF-β expression in macrophages. However, treatment with DNase I and overexpression of TGFBR2, and inhibition of TGF-β promoted and prevented this process, respectively. NETs may regulate the macrophage polarization process by promoting intestinal barrier dysfunction in T/HS rats through the TGFBR2-mediated TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochen Liu
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunxuan Deng
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zehua Duan
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengnan Chu
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieshou Li
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Weiwei Ding
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Wei J, Meng Z, Li Z, Dang D, Wu H. New insights into intestinal macrophages in necrotizing enterocolitis: the multi-functional role and promising therapeutic application. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1261010. [PMID: 37841247 PMCID: PMC10568316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1261010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory intestinal disease that profoundly affects preterm infants. Currently, the pathogenesis of NEC remains controversial, resulting in limited treatment strategies. The preterm infants are thought to be susceptible to gut inflammatory disorders because of their immature immune system. In early life, intestinal macrophages (IMφs), crucial components of innate immunity, demonstrate functional plasticity and diversity in intestinal development, resistance to pathogens, maintenance of the intestinal barrier, and regulation of gut microbiota. When the stimulations of environmental, dietary, and bacterial factors interrupt the homeostatic processes of IMφs, they will lead to intestinal disease, such as NEC. This review focuses on the IMφs related pathogenesis in NEC, discusses the multi-functional roles and relevant molecular mechanisms of IMφs in preterm infants, and explores promising therapeutic application for NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wei
- Department of Neonatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaoli Meng
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Institute, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Neonatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Dang
- Department of Neonatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Neonatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zhang X, Wu Y, Liu X, Lin X, Liu Y, Kang L, Ye H, Wang Z, Ma Y, Dai Z, Che D, Pi Y, Che L, Wang J, Han D. Pro-inflammatory Polarization of Macrophages Causes Intestinal Inflammation in Low-Birth-Weight Piglets and Mice. J Nutr 2023:S0022-3166(23)37559-X. [PMID: 37084872 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-birth-weight (LBW) animals suffer from intestinal damage and inflammation in their early life. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the role of macrophages in intestinal inflammation in LBW piglets and mice. METHODS Major genes involved in intestinal barrier function such as claudin-1, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and mucin 2 and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-13 were evaluated in 21-day-old, normal birth weight (NBW) and LBW piglets and mice. Macrophage markers such as CD16/32, CD163, and CD206 were also assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Polarized and unpolarized macrophages were further transferred into NBW and LBW mice, followed by evaluation of intestinal permeability and inflammation. RESULTS Claudin-1 mRNA in LBW piglets as well as claudin-1, occludin, ZO-1 and mucin 2 mRNAs in LBW mice was significantly downregulated. IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly upregulated in LBW piglets (P < 0.05). LBW mice showed a reduced expression of IL-10 and IL-13 (P < 0.05), with a heightened IL-6 level (P < 0.01) in the jejunum. CD16, a marker for M1 macrophages, was significantly elevated in the jejunum of LBW piglets, whereas CD163, a marker for M2 macrophages, was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Similarly, LBW mice had more CD11b+CD16/32+ M1 macrophages (P < 0.05) and fewer CD206+ M2 macrophages (P < 0.01) than NBW mice. Moreover, transfer of M1 macrophages exacerbated intestinal inflammation in LBW mice. Furthermore, two major glycolysis-associated genes, hexokinase 2 (HK2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), were significantly upregulated in LBW piglets and mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed for the first time that the intestinal macrophages are polarized towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype in LBW piglets and mice, contributing to intestinal inflammation. The findings of this study provide new options for the management of intestinal inflammation in LBW animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yisi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Luyuan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hao Ye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 AH, Netherlands
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dongsheng Che
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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An autoimmune pleiotropic SNP modulates IRF5 alternative promoter usage through ZBTB3-mediated chromatin looping. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1208. [PMID: 36869052 PMCID: PMC9984425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic sharing is extensively observed for autoimmune diseases, but the causal variants and their underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Through systematic investigation of autoimmune disease pleiotropic loci, we found most of these shared genetic effects are transmitted from regulatory code. We used an evidence-based strategy to functionally prioritize causal pleiotropic variants and identify their target genes. A top-ranked pleiotropic variant, rs4728142, yielded many lines of evidence as being causal. Mechanistically, the rs4728142-containing region interacts with the IRF5 alternative promoter in an allele-specific manner and orchestrates its upstream enhancer to regulate IRF5 alternative promoter usage through chromatin looping. A putative structural regulator, ZBTB3, mediates the allele-specific loop to promote IRF5-short transcript expression at the rs4728142 risk allele, resulting in IRF5 overactivation and M1 macrophage polarization. Together, our findings establish a causal mechanism between the regulatory variant and fine-scale molecular phenotype underlying the dysfunction of pleiotropic genes in human autoimmunity.
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Jing M, Chen X, Qiu H, He W, Zhou Y, Li D, Wang D, Jiao Y, Liu A. Insights into the immunomodulatory regulation of matrix metalloproteinase at the maternal-fetal interface during early pregnancy and pregnancy-related diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1067661. [PMID: 36700222 PMCID: PMC9869165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast immune cell interactions are central events in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface. Their abnormalities are potential causes of various pregnancy complications, including pre-eclampsia and recurrent spontaneous abortion. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is highly homologous, zinc(II)-containing metalloproteinase involved in altered uterine hemodynamics, closely associated with uterine vascular remodeling. However, the interactions between MMP and the immune microenvironment remain unclear. Here we discuss the key roles and potential interplay of MMP with the immune microenvironment in the embryo implantation process and pregnancy-related diseases, which may contribute to understanding the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy and providing new therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have shown that several tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) effectively prevent invasive vascular disease by modulating the activity of MMP. We summarize the main findings of these studies and suggest the possibility of TIMPs as emerging biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for a range of complications induced by abnormalities in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface. MMP and TIMPs are promising targets for developing new immunotherapies to treat pregnancy-related diseases caused by immune imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Jing
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics, Hangzhou Fuyang Women And Children Hospital, Fuyang, China
| | - Weihua He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Reproduction, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dimin Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yonghui Jiao, ; Dimin Wang, ; Aixia Liu,
| | - Yonghui Jiao
- Department of Reproduction, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China,*Correspondence: Yonghui Jiao, ; Dimin Wang, ; Aixia Liu,
| | - Aixia Liu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Department of Reproduction, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China,*Correspondence: Yonghui Jiao, ; Dimin Wang, ; Aixia Liu,
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CCL3 aggravates intestinal damage in NEC by promoting macrophage chemotaxis and M1 macrophage polarization. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02409-w. [PMID: 36550354 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NEC is a life-threatening gastrointestinal disease in neonates, the pathogenesis of which remains poorly understood. METHODS CCL3 levels in intestinal tissue of mice were measured and analyzed. HE staining was used to assess pathological changes in intestinal tissue. FCM was used to detect the proportion and phenotype of macrophages. RNA-seq and RT-PCR were used to evaluate the effect of CCL3 on macrophages. RESULTS CCL3 was highly expressed in the intestinal tissues of mice with NEC and induced macrophage infiltration. Transcriptome data showed that CCL3 strongly induced a transition in the phenotype of macrophages into a proinflammatory one. Mechanistically, in vivo experiments confirmed that CCL3 induced M1 macrophage polarization in NEC intestinal tissue, thereby aggravating inflammatory injury of intestinal tissue, which was alleviated by anti-CCL3 treatment. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that CCL3 significantly enhances the expression of M1-related genes in both PMφ and BMDM while inhibiting the expression of M2-related genes, which was also alleviated by anti-CCl3 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data elucidated the involvement of CCL3 in the pathogenesis of NEC, in which upregulated CCL3 expression exacerbated inflammatory intestinal damage by regulating macrophage chemotaxis and M1 phenotype polarization, suggesting that blocking CCL3 may be a potential strategy for effective intervention in NEC. IMPACT Our study represents an important conceptual advancement that CCL3 may be one of the key culprits of intestinal tissue damage in patients with NEC. CCL3 aggravates inflammatory intestinal injury and intestinal mucosal barrier imbalance by regulating the chemotaxis, polarization, and function of macrophages. Blocking CCL3 significantly reduced NEC-mediated intestinal injury, suggesting a new potential therapeutic strategy.
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Yan XL, Liu XC, Zhang YN, Du TT, Ai Q, Gao X, Yang JL, Bao L, Li LQ. Succinate aggravates intestinal injury in mice with necrotizing enterocolitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1064462. [PMID: 36519131 PMCID: PMC9742382 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1064462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that predominantly threatens preterm newborns. Succinate is an emerging metabolic signaling molecule that was recently studied in relation to the regulation of intestinal immunity and homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the relationship between NEC and gut luminal succinate and preliminarily explored the effect of succinate on NEC pathogenesis. Methods Fecal samples from human neonates and mouse pups were analyzed by HPLC - MS/MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, NEC, Lsuc, and Hsuc. The mortality, weight gain, and intestinal pathological changes in four mouse groups were observed. Inflammatory cytokines and markers of macrophages were identified by quantitative real-time PCR. Succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1) localization was visualized by immunohistochemistry. The protein levels of SUCNR1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF-1a) were quantified by western blotting. Results The levels of succinate in feces from NEC patients were higher than those in feces from non-NEC patients (P <0.05). In the murine models, succinate levels in intestinal content samples were also higher in the NEC group than in the control group (P <0.05). The change in succinate level was closely related to intestinal flora composition. In samples from human neonates, relative to the control group, the NEC group showed a higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and a lower abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus (P <0.05). In the murine models, relative to the control group, increased abundance was observed for Clostridiaceae, Enterococcaceae, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Enterococcus, whereas decreased abundance was observed for Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus (P <0.05). Increased succinate levels prevented mice from gaining weight, damaged their intestines, and increased their mortality; upregulated the gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); and downregulated the gene expression of IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Exogenous succinic acid increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression but decreased Arginase-1 (Arg1) gene expression; and increased the protein expression of SUCNR1 and HIF-1a. Conclusion Succinate plays an important role in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis severity, and the activation of the HIF-1a signaling pathway may lead to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Bao
- Department of Neonatology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu-Quan Li
- Department of Neonatology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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Huang D, Wang P, Chen J, Li Y, Zhu M, Tang Y, Zhou W. Selective targeting of MD2 attenuates intestinal inflammation and prevents neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis by suppressing TLR4 signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:995791. [PMID: 36389716 PMCID: PMC9663461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.995791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory disease that occurs in premature infants and has a high mortality rate; however, the mechanisms behind this disease remain unclear. The TLR4 signaling pathway in intestinal epithelial cells, mediated by TLR4, is important for the activation of the inflammatory storm in NEC infants. Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) is a key auxiliary component of the TLR4 signaling pathway. In this study, MD2 was found to be significantly increased in intestinal tissues of NEC patients at the acute stage. We further confirmed that MD2 was upregulated in NEC rats. MD2 inhibitor (MI) pretreatment reduced the occurrence and severity of NEC in neonatal rats, inhibited the activation of NF-κB and the release of inflammatory molecules (TNF-α and IL-6), and reduced the severity of intestinal injury. MI pretreatment significantly reduced enterocyte apoptosis while also maintaining tight junction proteins, including occludin and claudin-1, and protecting intestinal mucosal permeability in NEC rats. In addition, an NEC in vitro model was established by stimulating IEC-6 enterocytes with LPS. MD2 overexpression in IEC-6 enterocytes significantly activated NF-κB. Further, both MD2 silencing and MI pretreatment inhibited the inflammatory response. Overexpression of MD2 increased damage to the IEC-6 monolayer cell barrier, while both MD2 silencing and MI pretreatment played a protective role. In conclusion, MD2 triggers an inflammatory response through the TLR4 signaling pathway, leading to intestinal mucosal injury in NEC. In addition, MI alleviates inflammation and reduces intestinal mucosal injury caused by the inflammatory response by blocking the TLR4-MD2/NF-κB signaling axis. These results suggest that inhibiting MD2 may be an important way to prevent NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juncao Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Dang D, Zhang C, Meng Z, Lv X, Li Z, Wei J, Wu H. Integrative analysis links ferroptosis to necrotizing enterocolitis and reveals the role of ACSL4 in immune disorders. iScience 2022; 25:105406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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12
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Sheng D, Ma W, Zhang R, Zhou L, Deng Q, Tu J, Chen W, Zhang F, Gao N, Dong M, Wang D, Li F, Liu Y, He X, Duan S, Zhang L, Liu T, Liu S. Ccl3 enhances docetaxel chemosensitivity in breast cancer by triggering proinflammatory macrophage polarization. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003793. [PMID: 35613826 PMCID: PMC9134178 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the antitumor efficacy of docetaxel (DTX) has long been attributed to the antimitotic activities, its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently gained more attention. Macrophages are a major component of the TME and play a critical role in DTX efficacy; however, the underlying action mechanisms remain unclear. Methods DTX chemotherapeutic efficacy was demonstrated via both macrophage depletion and C–C motif chemokine ligand 3 (Ccl3)-knockout transgenic allograft mouse model. Ccl3-knockdown and Ccl3-overexpressing breast cancer cell allografts were used for the in vivo study. Combination therapy was used to evaluate the effect of Ccl3 induction on DTX chemosensitivity. Vital regulatory molecules and pathways were identified using RNA sequencing. Macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells and its influence on cancer cell proliferation under DTX treatment were assessed using an in vitro coculture assay. Serum and tumor samples from patients with breast cancer were used to demonstrate the clinical relevance of our study. Results Our study revealed that Ccl3 induced by DTX in macrophages and cancer cells was indispensable for the chemotherapeutic efficacy of DTX. DTX-induced Ccl3 promoted proinflammatory macrophage polarization and subsequently facilitated phagocytosis of breast cancer cells and cancer stem cells. Ccl3 overexpression in cancer cells promoted proinflammatory macrophage polarization to suppress tumor progression and increase DTX chemosensitivity. Mechanistically, DTX induced Ccl3 by relieving the inhibition of cAMP-response element binding protein on Ccl3 via reactive oxygen species accumulation, and Ccl3 then promoted proinflammatory macrophage polarization via activation of the Ccl3–C-C motif chemokine receptor 5–p38/interferon regulatory factor 5 pathway. High CCL3 expression predicted better prognosis, and high CCL3 induction revealed better DTX chemosensitivity in patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, both the Creb inhibitor and recombinant mouse Ccl3 significantly enhanced DTX chemosensitivity. Conclusions Our results indicate that Ccl3 induced by DTX triggers proinflammatory macrophage polarization and subsequently facilitates phagocytosis of cancer cells. Ccl3 induction in combination with DTX may provide a promising therapeutic rationale for increasing DTX chemosensitivity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Sheng
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaodan Deng
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juchuanli Tu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilong Chen
- Intelligent Pathology Institute and Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fuchuang Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nailong Gao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mengxue Dong
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fengkai Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyan He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengzhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixing Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China .,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Phalke S, Rivera-Correa J, Jenkins D, Flores Castro D, Giannopoulou E, Pernis AB. Molecular mechanisms controlling age-associated B cells in autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2022; 307:79-100. [PMID: 35102602 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated B cells (ABCs) have emerged as critical components of immune responses. Their inappropriate expansion and differentiation have increasingly been linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, aging-associated diseases, and infections. ABCs exhibit a distinctive phenotype and, in addition to classical B cell markers, often express the transcription factor T-bet and myeloid markers like CD11c; hence, these cells are also commonly known as CD11c+ T-bet+ B cells. Formation of ABCs is promoted by distinctive combinations of innate and adaptive signals. In addition to producing antibodies, these cells display antigen-presenting and proinflammatory capabilities. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that the ABC compartment exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity, plasticity, and sex-specific regulation and that ABCs can differentiate into effector progeny via several routes particularly in autoimmune settings. In this review, we will discuss the initial insights that have been obtained on the molecular machinery that controls ABCs and we will highlight some of the unique aspects of this control system that may enable ABCs to fulfill their distinctive role in immune responses. Given the expanding array of autoimmune disorders and pathophysiological settings in which ABCs are being implicated, a deeper understanding of this machinery could have important and broad therapeutic implications for the successful, albeit daunting, task of targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Phalke
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan Rivera-Correa
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Jenkins
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danny Flores Castro
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evgenia Giannopoulou
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alessandra B Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology & Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Yang Z, Wei F, Zhang B, Luo Y, Xing X, Wang M, Chen R, Sun G, Sun X. Cellular Immune Signal Exchange From Ischemic Stroke to Intestinal Lesions Through Brain-Gut Axis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:688619. [PMID: 35432368 PMCID: PMC9010780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.688619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a vital pivot for the human circulatory system, the brain-gut axis is now being considered as an important channel for many of the small immune molecules’ transductions, including interleukins, interferons, neurotransmitters, peptides, and the chemokines penetrating the mesentery and blood brain barrier (BBB) during the development of an ischemic stroke (IS). Hypoxia-ischemia contributes to pituitary and neurofunctional disorders by interfering with the molecular signal release and communication then providing feedback to the gut. Suffering from such a disease on a long-term basis may cause the peripheral system’s homeostasis to become imbalanced, and it can also lead to multiple intestinal complications such as gut microbiota dysbiosis (GMD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and even the tumorigenesis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Correspondingly, these complications will deteriorate the cerebral infarctions and, in patients suffering with IS, it can even ruin the brain’s immune system. This review summarized recent studies on abnormal immunological signal exchange mediated polarization subtype changes, in both macrophages and microglial cells as well as T-lymphocytes. How gut complications modulate the immune signal transduction from the brain are also elucidated and analyzed. The conclusions drawn in this review could provide guidance and novel strategies to benefit remedies for both IS and relative gut lesions from immune-prophylaxis and immunotherapy aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guibo Sun, ; Xiaobo Sun,
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guibo Sun, ; Xiaobo Sun,
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15
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Wu Q, Sun S, Wei L, Liu M, Liu H, Liu T, Zhou Y, Jia Q, Wang D, Yang Z, Duan M, Yang X, Gao P, Ning X. Twist1 regulates macrophage plasticity to promote renal fibrosis through galectin-3. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:137. [PMID: 35182235 PMCID: PMC8858306 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is the pathological basis of end-stage renal disease, in which the heterogeneity of macrophages in renal microenvironment plays an important role. However, the molecular mechanisms of macrophage plasticity during renal fibrosis progression remain unclear. In this study, we found for the first time that increased expression of Twist1 in macrophages was significantly associated with the severity of renal fibrosis in IgA nephropathy patients and mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Ablation of Twist1 in macrophages markedly alleviated renal tubular injury and renal fibrosis in UUO mice, accompanied by a lower extent of macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization in the kidney. The knockdown of Twist1 inhibited the chemotaxis and migration of macrophages, at least partially, through the CCL2/CCR2 axis. Twist1 downregulation inhibited M2 macrophage polarization and reduced the secretion of the profibrotic factors Arg-1, MR (CD206), IL-10, and TGF-β. Galectin-3 was decreased in the macrophages of the conditional Twist1-deficient mice, and Twist1 was shown to directly activate galectin-3 transcription. Up-regulation of galectin-3 recovered Twist1-mediated M2 macrophage polarization. In conclusion, Twist1/galectin-3 signaling regulates macrophage plasticity (M2 phenotype) and promotes renal fibrosis. This study could suggest new strategies for delaying kidney fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Chang le West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an City, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minna Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Menglu Duan
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Room 2B. 71B, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Room 3B.71, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Ning
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Chang le West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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16
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Wang X, Xie L, Long J, Liu K, Lu J, Liang Y, Cao Y, Dai X, Li X. Therapeutic effect of baicalin on inflammatory bowel disease: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114749. [PMID: 34666140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baicalin (BI) is an important biologically active flavonoid isolated from the root of Scutellaria radix (Huang Qin). Traditionally Scutellaria radix was the common drug of dysentery. As the main flavonoid compound, there is a distribution tendency of baicalin to the intestinal tract and it has a protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to compile up-to-date and comprehensive information on the efficacy of baicalin in vitro and in vivo, about treating inflammatory bowel disease. Relevant information on the therapeutic potential of baicalin against inflammatory bowel disease was collected from the Web of Science, Pubmed and so on. Additionally, a few books and magazines were also consulted to get the important information. RESULTS The mechanisms of baicalin against inflammatory bowel disease mainly include anti-inflammation, antioxidant, immune regulation, maintenance of intestinal barrier, maintenance of intestinal flora balance. Also, BI can relieve parts of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs), and prevent colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION Baicalin determined the promising therapeutic prospects as potential supplementary medicines for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Youdan Liang
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Xiaolin Dai
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China.
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17
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Singh DK, Miller CM, Orgel KA, Dave M, Mackay S, Good M. Necrotizing enterocolitis: Bench to bedside approaches and advancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1107404. [PMID: 36714655 PMCID: PMC9874231 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating, multifactorial disease mainly affecting the intestine of premature infants. Recent discoveries have significantly enhanced our understanding of risk factors, as well as, cellular and genetic mechanisms of this complex disease. Despite these advancements, no essential, single risk factor, nor the mechanism by which each risk factor affects NEC has been elucidated. Nonetheless, recent research indicates that maternal factors, antibiotic exposure, feeding, hypoxia, and altered gut microbiota pose a threat to the underdeveloped immunity of preterm infants. Here we review predisposing factors, status of unwarranted immune responses, and microbial pathogenesis in NEC based on currently available scientific evidence. We additionally discuss novel techniques and models used to study NEC and how this research translates from the bench to the bedside into potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra K Singh
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claire M Miller
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kelly A Orgel
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Mili Dave
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen Mackay
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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18
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Maheshwari A, Traub TM, Garg PM, Ethawi Y, Buonocore G. Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Clinical Features, Histopathological Characteristics, and Genetic Associations. Curr Pediatr Rev 2022; 18:210-225. [PMID: 35125082 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220204113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory bowel necrosis seen in premature infants. Although the etiopathogenesis of NEC is unclear, genetic factors may alter a patient's susceptibility, clinical course, and outcomes. This review draws from existing studies focused on individual genes and others based on microarray-based high-throughput discovery techniques. We have included evidence from our own studies and from an extensive literature search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. To avoid bias in the identification of studies, keywords were short-listed a priori from anecdotal experience and PubMed's Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) thesaurus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terri M Traub
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Parvesh M Garg
- Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Yahya Ethawi
- Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Saudi American Hospital, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Giuseppe Buonocore
- Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics/ Neonatology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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19
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Colonization of fecal microbiota from patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis exacerbates intestinal injury in germfree mice subjected to necrotizing enterocolitis-induction protocol via alterations in butyrate and regulatory T cells. J Transl Med 2021; 19:510. [PMID: 34922582 PMCID: PMC8684079 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a life-threatening disease in neonates. Numerous studies have shown a correlation between the intestinal microbiota and NEC, but the causal link remains unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the causal role of gut microbiota in NEC and explore potential mechanisms involved. METHODS Eighty-one fecal samples from patients with NEC and eighty-one matched controls (matched to the NEC infants by gestational age, birth weight, date of birth, mode of delivery and feeding patterns) were collected. To explore if altered gut microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of NEC, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was carried out in germ-free (GF) mice prior to a NEC-induction protocol that included exposure to hypoxia and cold stress. Butyric acid was also administered to demonstrate its role in NEC. The fecal microbiota from patients and mice were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The ontogeny of T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) from the ileum of patients and mice were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry.The transcription of inflammatory cytokines was quantified by qRT-PCR. RESULTS NEC patients had increased Proteobacteria and decreased Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes compared to fecal control samples, and the level of butyric acid in the NEC group was lower than the control group. FMT in GF mice with samples from NEC patients achieved a higher histological injury scores when compared to mice that received FMT with control samples. Alterations in microbiota and butyrate levels were maintained in mice following FMT. The ratio of Treg/CD4+T (Thelper) cells was reduced in both NEC patients and mice modeling NEC following FMT. CONCLUSIONS The microbiota was found to have NEC and the microbial butyrate-Treg axis was identified as a potential mechanism for the observed effects.
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20
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Wu Z, Geng J, Bai Y, Qi Y, Chang C, Jiao Y, Guo Z. MicroRNA-22 inhibition promotes the development of atherosclerosis via targeting interferon regulator factor 5. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112922. [PMID: 34780785 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is generally accepted as a chronic inflammatory disease and is the most important pathological process underlying the cardiovascular diseases. MiR-22 exerts an important role in tumorgenesis, obesity and NAFLD development, as well as cardiovascular diseases. However, a certain role of miR-22 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remains undetermined. Here, we showed that miR-22 exhibited a negative association with the deteriorated atherosclerotic plaque and showed significant downregulated expression in macrophages. Next, treatment of ApoE deficiency (ApoE-/-) mice with miR-22 inhibitors which were then subjected to high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks were performed to investigate the function of miR-22 on atherogenesis. The results exhibited that miR-22 inhibition dramatically promoted atherosclerotic plaques but attenuated plaque stabilization which were accompanied by decreased smooth muscle cell and collagen content, but increased macrophage infiltration and lipid accumulation. More importantly, the in vivo and in vitro experiments suggested that miR-22 inhibition accelerated inflammatory response and foam cell formation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated interferon regulator factor 5 (IRF5) was an important target of miR-22 and it was required for the regulation of inflammation mediated by miR-22 inhibition. Collectively, these evidences revealed that miR-22 inhibition promoted the atherosclerosis progression through activation of IRF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China; Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300073, China
| | - Jie Geng
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yujuan Qi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Chao Chang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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21
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Role of macrophages in fetal development and perinatal disorders. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:513-523. [PMID: 33070164 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the fetus and the neonate, altered macrophage function has been implicated not only in inflammatory disorders but also in developmental abnormalities marked by altered onset, interruption, or imbalance of key structural changes. The developmental role of macrophages were first noted nearly a century ago, at about the same time when these cells were being identified as central effectors in phagocytosis and elimination of microbes. Since that time, we have made considerable progress in understanding the diverse roles that these cells play in both physiology and disease. Here, we review the role of fetal and neonatal macrophages in immune surveillance, innate immunity, homeostasis, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and repair of damaged tissues. We also discuss the possibility of therapeutic manipulation of the relative abundance and activation status of macrophage subsets in various diseases. This article combines peer-reviewed evidence from our own studies with results of an extensive literature search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. IMPACT: We have reviewed the structure, differentiation, and classification of macrophages in the neonatal period. Neonatal macrophages are derived from embryonic, hepatic, and bone marrow precursors. Macrophages play major roles in tissue homeostasis, innate immunity, inflammation, tissue repair, angiogenesis, and apoptosis of various cellular lineages in various infectious and inflammatory disorders. Macrophages and related inflammatory mediators could be important therapeutic targets in several neonatal diseases.
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22
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He X, Tan S, Shao Z, Wang X. Latitudinal and longitudinal regulation of tissue macrophages in inflammatory diseases. Genes Dis 2021; 9:1194-1207. [PMID: 35873033 PMCID: PMC9293718 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are dominant innate immune cells. They demonstrate remarkable heterogeneity and plasticity that are essential for homeostasis and host defense. The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages is shaped by the ontogeny, tissue factors, and environmental signals, a pattern in a tissue-associated latitudinal manner. At the same time, macrophages have long been considered as mainly plastic cells. These cells respond to stimulation quickly and in a stimulus-specific way by utilizing a longitudinal cascaded activation, including coordination of signal transducer, epigenetic elements, and transcription factors, conclusively determine the macrophage phenotypes and functions. With the development of cutting-edge technologies, such as fate-mapping, single-cell transcriptomics, ipsc platform, nanotherapeutic materials, etc., our understanding of macrophage biology and the roles in the pathogenesis of diseases is much advanced. This review summarizes recent progress on the latitudinal and longitudinal regulation of tissue macrophages in inflammatory diseases. The latitudinal regulation covers the tissue macrophage origins, tissue factors, and environmental signals, reflecting the macrophage heterogeneity. The longitudinal regulation focuses on how multiple factors shape the phenotypes and functions of macrophage subsets to gain plasticity in inflammatory diseases (i.e., inflammatory bowel disease). In addition, how to target macrophages as a potential therapeutic approach and cutting edge-technologies for tissue macrophage study are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoYi He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, PR China
| | - Stephanie Tan
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zhong Shao
- The Third Hospital of Fushun, Fushun, Liaoning 113004, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Corresponding author. Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Fax: +(312) 503 7177.
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23
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Geyer CE, Mes L, Newling M, den Dunnen J, Hoepel W. Physiological and Pathological Inflammation Induced by Antibodies and Pentraxins. Cells 2021; 10:1175. [PMID: 34065953 PMCID: PMC8150799 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in induction of inflammatory responses. These inflammatory responses are mostly considered to be instigated by activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) or cytokine receptors. However, recently it has become clear that also antibodies and pentraxins, which can both activate Fc receptors (FcRs), induce very powerful inflammatory responses by macrophages that can even be an order of magnitude greater than PRRs. While the physiological function of this antibody-dependent inflammation (ADI) is to counteract infections, undesired activation or over-activation of this mechanism will lead to pathology, as observed in a variety of disorders, including viral infections such as COVID-19, chronic inflammatory disorders such as Crohn's disease, and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In this review we discuss how physiological ADI provides host defense by inducing pathogen-specific immunity, and how erroneous activation of this mechanism leads to pathology. Moreover, we will provide an overview of the currently known signaling and metabolic pathways that underlie ADI, and how these can be targeted to counteract pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Elisabeth Geyer
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn Mes
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Newling
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Identification of Inflammatory Genes, Pathways, and Immune Cells in Necrotizing Enterocolitis of Preterm Infant by Bioinformatics Approaches. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5568724. [PMID: 33880370 PMCID: PMC8046524 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5568724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most serious gastrointestinal disease-causing high morbidity and mortality in premature infants. However, the underlying mechanism of the pathogenesis of NEC is still not fully understood. Methods RNA sequencing of intestinal specimens from 9 NEC and 5 controls was employed to quantify the gene expression levels. RNA sequencing was employed to quantify the gene expression levels. DESeq2 tool was used to identify the differentially expressed genes. The biological function, pathways, transcription factors, and immune cells dysregulated in NEC were characterized by gene set enrichment analysis. Results In the present study, we analyzed RNA sequencing data of NECs and controls and revealed that immune-related pathways were highly activated, while some cellular responses to external stimuli-related pathways were inactivated in NEC. Moreover, B cells, macrophages M1, and plasma cells were identified as the major cell types involved in NEC. Furthermore, we also found that inflammation-related transcription factor genes, such as STAT1, STAT2, and IRF2, were significantly activated in NEC, further suggesting that these TFs might play critical roles in NEC pathogenesis. In addition, NEC samples exhibited heterogeneity to some extent. Interestingly, two subgroups in the NEC samples were identified by hierarchical clustering analysis. Notably, B cells, T cells, Th1, and Tregs involved in adaptive immune were predicted to highly infiltrate into subgroup I, while subgroup II was significantly infiltrated by neutrophils. The heterogeneity of immune cells in NEC indicated that both innate and adaptive immunes might induce NEC-related inflammatory response. Conclusions In summary, we systematically analyzed inflammation-related genes, signaling pathways, and immune cells to characterize the NEC pathogenesis and samples, which greatly improved our understanding of the roles of inflammatory responses in NEC.
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25
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Kumar V. Going, Toll-like receptors in skin inflammation and inflammatory diseases. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:52-79. [PMID: 33510592 PMCID: PMC7838829 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Indian Ayurvedic physicians knew the concept of inflammation dating back to 1500 BC. The continuous progress in the immunology of inflammation has explained its undiscovered mechanisms. For example, the discovery of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in humans (1997) has revolutionized the field of infection biology and innate immunity. The laboratory mice have shown twelve TLRs and express TLR10 (CD290) as a disrupted pseudogene, and humans have ten functional TLRs. Now, it is well established that TLRs play a significant role in different infectious and inflammatory diseases. Skin inflammation and other associated inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), acne vulgaris, and psoriasis, along with many skin cancers are major health problems all over the world. The continuous development in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases has opened the window of opportunity for TLRs in studying their role. Hence, the manuscript explores the role of different TLRs in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation and associated inflammatory diseases. The article starts with the concept of inflammation, its origin, and the impact of TLRs discovery on infection and inflammation biology. The subsequent section describes the burden of skin-associated inflammatory diseases worldwide and the effect of the geographical habitat of people affecting it. The third section explains skin as an immune organ and explains the expression of different TLRs on different skin cells, including keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), skin fibroblasts, and melanocytes. The fourth section describes the impact of TLRs on these cells in different skin-inflammatory conditions, including acne vulgaris, AD, psoriasis, and skin cancers. The article also discusses the use of different TLR-based therapeutic approaches as specific to these inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children Health Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia
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26
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Repetitive Intermittent Hyperglycemia Drives the M1 Polarization and Inflammatory Responses in THP-1 Macrophages Through the Mechanism Involving the TLR4-IRF5 Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081892. [PMID: 32806763 PMCID: PMC7463685 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive intermittent hyperglycemia (RIH) is an independent risk factor for complications associated with type-2 diabetes (T2D). Glucose fluctuations commonly occur in T2D patients with poor glycemic control or following intensive therapy. Reducing blood glucose as well as glucose fluctuations is critical to the control of T2D and its macro-/microvascular complications. The interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-5 located downstream of the nutrient sensor toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, is emerging as a key metabolic regulator. It remains unclear how glucose fluctuations may alter the IRF5/TLR4 expression and inflammatory responses in monocytes/macrophages. To investigate this, first, we determined IRF5 gene expression by real-time qRT-PCR in the white adipose tissue samples from 39 T2D and 48 nondiabetic individuals. Next, we cultured THP-1 macrophages in hypo- and hyperglycemic conditions and compared, at the protein and transcription levels, the expressions of IRF5, TLR4, and M1/M2 polarization profile and inflammatory markers against control (normoglycemia). Protein expression was assessed using flow cytometry, ELISA, Western blotting, and/or confocal microscopy. IRF5 silencing was achieved by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. The data show that adipose IRF5 gene expression was higher in T2D than nondiabetic counterparts (p = 0.006), which correlated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r = 0.47/p < 0.001), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.23/p = 0.03), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (r = 0.56/p < 0.0001), interleukin (IL)-1β (r = 0.40/p = 0.0009), and C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR)-2 (r = 0.49/p < 0.001) expression. IRF5 expression in macrophages was induced/upregulated (p < 0.05) by hypoglycemia (3 mM/L), persistent hyperglycemia (15 mM/L–25 mM/L), and RIH/glucose fluctuations (3–15 mM/L) as compared to normoglycemia (5 mM/L). RIH/glucose fluctuations also induced M1 polarization and an inflammatory profile (CD11c, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1) in macrophages. RIH/glucose fluctuations also drove the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 (p < 0.001), which is a known marker for cardiovascular complication in T2D patients. Notably, all these changes were counteracted by IRF5 silencing in macrophages. In conclusion, RIH/glucose fluctuations promote the M1 polarization and inflammatory responses in macrophages via the mechanism involving TLR4-IRF5 pathway, which may have significance for metabolic inflammation.
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27
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Li P, He F, Wu C, Zhao G, Hardwidge PR, Li N, Peng Y. Transcriptomic Analysis of Chicken Lungs Infected With Avian and Bovine Pasteurella multocida Serotype A. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:452. [PMID: 32851030 PMCID: PMC7433353 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is a common animal pathogen responsible for many animal diseases. Strains from different hosts exhibit disparate degrees of effect in other species. Here, we characterize an avian P. multocida serogroup A strain (PmQ) showing high lethality to chickens and a bovine P. multocida serogroup A strain (PmCQ2) with no lethality to chickens. We used RNA-seq to profile the transcriptomes of chicken lungs infected with PmQ and PmCQ2. A total of 1,649 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) due to PmQ infection (831 upregulated genes and 818 downregulated genes) and 1427 DEGs (633 upregulated genes and 794 downregulated genes) due to PmCQ2 infection were identified. Functional analysis of these DEGs demonstrated that the TNF signaling pathway, the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction were both enriched in PmQ and PmCQ2 infection. STAT and apoptosis signaling pathways were uniquely enriched by PmQ infection, and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway was enriched only by PmCQ2 infection. Cell-type enrichment analysis of the transcriptomes showed that immune cells, including macrophages and granulocytes, were enriched in both infection groups. Collectively, our study profiled the transcriptomic response of chicken lungs infected with P. multocida and provided valuable information to understand the chicken responses to P. multocida infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenlu Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangfu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,The College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Philip R Hardwidge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Nengzhang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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28
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Zhu S, Chen Y, Lao J, Wu C, Zhan X, Wu Y, Shang Y, Zou Z, Zhou J, Ji X, Huang X, Shi X, Wu M. Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family-7 Alleviates Corneal Inflammation by Promoting M2 Polarization. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:854-865. [PMID: 32702113 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family-7 (SLAMF7) functions as an immune checkpoint molecule on macrophages in antitumor immunity. However, its role in bacterial infection remains largely unknown. METHODS Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from wild-type (WT) or SLAMF7 knockout (KO) mice were infected with bacteria or treated with lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ to investigate the expression and function of SLAMF7 in macrophage polarization. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis murine model was established to explore the effect of SLAMF7 on P. aeruginosa keratitis using WT vs SLAMF7 KO mice, or recombinant SLAMF7 vs phosphate-buffered saline-treated mice, respectively. RESULTS SLAMF7 expression was enhanced on M1-polarized or bacterial-infected macrophages, and infiltrating macrophages in P. aeruginosa-infected mouse corneas. SLAMF7 promoted M2 polarization by inducing STAT6 activation. In vivo data showed that SLAMF7 KO aggravated, while treatment with recombinant SLAMF7 alleviated, corneal inflammation and disease severity. In addition, blockage of M2 polarization by Arg-1 inhibitor abrogated the effect of recombinant SLAMF7 in disease progression. CONCLUSIONS SLAMF7 expression in macrophages was induced upon M1 polarization or bacterial infection and alleviated corneal inflammation and disease progression of P. aeruginosa keratitis by promoting M2 polarization. These findings may provide a potential strategy for the treatment of P. aeruginosa keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Zhu
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanfeng Lao
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhengyu Zou
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaomin Shi
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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