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Shi L, Luo J, Wei X, Xu X, Tu L. The protective role of ginsenoside Rg3 in heart diseases and mental disorders. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1327033. [PMID: 38469409 PMCID: PMC10926849 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1327033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3, a compound derived from Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., is increasingly recognized for its wide range of pharmacological effects. Under the worldwide healthcare challenges posed by heart diseases, Rg3 stands out as a key subject in modern research on Chinese herbal medicine, offering a novel approach to therapy. Mental illnesses are significant contributors to global disease mortality, and there is a well-established correlation between cardiac and psychiatric conditions. This connection is primarily due to dysfunctions in the sympathetic-adrenomedullary system (SAM), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor impairment. This review provides an in-depth analysis of Rg3's therapeutic benefits and its pharmacological actions in treating cardiac and mental health disorders respectively. Highlighting its potential for the management of these conditions, Rg3 emerges as a promising, multifunctional therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Shi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlan Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiupan Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Tu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
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Li CJ, Zhai RR, Zhu XY, Guo ZF, Yang H. Discovery of effective combination from Renshen-Fuzi herbal pair against heart failure by spectrum-effect relationship analysis and zebrafish models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116832. [PMID: 37352946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional herbal pair Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (roots and rhizomes of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey, Renshen in Chinese) and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux, Fuzi in Chinese), composition of two traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine formula, in which Shenfu decoction has been used clinically in China for the treatment of heart failure at present. AIM OF THE STUDY Although the ginsenosides and aconite alkaloids have been proven as the essential bioactive components in Renshen-Fuzi herbal pair, the exact composition of effective components to combat heart failure are still unclear. Therefore, spectrum-effect relationship analysis was performed to reveal its effective combination for anti-heart failure effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the chemical constituents of Renshen-Fuzi herbal pair were identified using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS). The 39 major compounds in Renshen-Fuzi with five different compatibility ratios were simultaneously quantified using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ MS/MS). Subsequently, zebrafish models induced by verapamil hydrochloride were constructed and four heart failure-related indexes were selected for pharmacodynamic evaluation of Renshen-Fuzi. To analyze the spectrum-effect relationships, partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were established among the contents of 39 compounds in Renshen-Fuzi with each pharmacodynamic index. According to the contribution of each compound to the whole efficacy, 12 compounds were finally screened out as the effective combination. RESULTS A total of 157 chemical compounds of Renshen-Fuzi herbal pair were identified, in which 39 components were simultaneously determined. The pharmacological effects indicated that Renshen-Fuzi with 1:2 ratio exhibited the best effect based on zebrafish model, which could improve cardiac output and blood flow velocity and inhibit pericardial enlargement and venous blood stasis significantly. A combination of 9 ginsenosides and 3 aconite alkaloids based on a component-efficacy modeling by PLSR was screened, and exerted approximately equivalent pharmacological effects compared with Renshen-Fuzi herbal pair. CONCLUSIONS Our findings elucidated the effective combination of Renshen-Fuzi herbal pair that has been used in clinic for the treatment of heart failure, which could also promote the pharmacological research and quality control of their formula such as Shenfu decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zi-Fan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Wang X, Ling G, Wei Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Tan N, Li W, Li H, Qiu Q, Wang W, Wang Y. Activation of ULK1 to trigger FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy in heart failure: Effect of Ginsenoside Rg3 intervention. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155042. [PMID: 37659296 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the development of therapies for heart failure (HF) continues apace, clinical outcomes are often far from ideal. Unc51-like-kinase 1 (ULK1)-mediated mitophagy prevents pathological cardiac remodeling and heart failure (HF). Molecularly ULK1-targeted agent to enhance mitophagy is scanty. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate whether Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) can activate ULK1 to trigger FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy for protecting heart failure. METHODS Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance were used to detect the ULK1 binding behavior of Rg3. Established HF model in rats and transcriptome sequencing were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect and regulatory mechanism of Rg3. Loss-of-function approaches in vivo and in vitro were performed to determine the role of ULK1 in Rg3-elicited myocardial protection against HF. FUNDC1 recombinant plasmid of site mutation was applied to elucidate more in-depth mechanisms. RESULTS Structurally, a good binding mode was unveiled between ULK1 and Rg3. In vivo, Rg3 improved cardiac dysfunction, adverse remodeling, and mitochondrial damage in HF rats. Furthermore, Rg3 promoted Ulk1-triggered mitophagy both in vivo and in vitro, manifested by the impetus of downstream Fundc1-Lc3 interaction. Of note, the protective effects conferred by Rg3 against mitophagy defects, pathological remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction were compromised by Ulk1 gene silencing both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, Rg3 activated mitophagy by inducing ULK1-mediated phosphorylation of FUNDC1 at the Ser17 site, not the Ser13 site. CONCLUSION Together these observations demonstrated that Rg3 acts as a ULK1 activator for the precise treatment of HF, which binds to ULK1 to activate FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Guanjing Ling
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Wei
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weili Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Nannan Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haijing Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China.
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Xu H, Miao H, Chen G, Zhang G, Hua Y, Wu Y, Xu T, Han X, Hu C, Pang M, Tan L, Liu B, Zhou Y. 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 exerts anti-fibrotic effect after myocardial infarction by alleviation of fibroblasts proliferation and collagen deposition through TGFBR1 signaling pathways. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:743-754. [PMID: 38107395 PMCID: PMC10721484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial fibrosis post-myocardial infarction (MI) can induce maladaptive cardiac remodeling as well as heart failure. Although 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) has been applied to cardiovascular diseases, its efficacy and specific molecular mechanism in myocardial fibrosis are largely unknown. Herein, we aimed to explore whether TGFBR1 signaling was involved in Rg3's anti-fibrotic effect post-MI. Methods Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation-induced MI mice and TGF-β1-stimulated primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were adopted. Echocardiography, hematoxlin-eosin and Masson staining, Western-blot and immunohistochemistry, CCK8 and Edu were used to study the effects of Rg3 on myocardial fibrosis and TGFBR1 signaling. The combination mechanism of Rg3 and TGFBR1 was explored by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). Moreover, myocardial Tgfbr1-deficient mice and TGFBR1 adenovirus were adopted to confirm the pharmacological mechanism of Rg3. Results In vivo experiments, Rg3 ameliorated myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy and enhanced cardiac function. Rg3-TGFBR1 had the 1.78 × 10-7 M equilibrium dissociation constant based on SPRi analysis, and Rg3 inhibited the activation of TGFBR1/Smads signaling dose-dependently. Cardiac-specific Tgfbr1 knockdown abolished Rg3's protection against myocardial fibrosis post-MI. In addition, Rg3 down-regulated the TGF-β1-mediated CFs growth together with collagen production in vitro through TGFBR1 signaling. Moreover, TGFBR1 adenovirus partially blocked the inhibitory effect of Rg3. Conclusion Rg3 improves myocardial fibrosis and cardiac function through suppressing CFs proliferation along with collagen deposition by inactivation of TGFBR1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Xu
- Department of Geratology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Miao
- Department of Geratology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China
| | - Guanghong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoyong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Hua
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changlei Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leyi Tan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- Department of Geratology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kijpaisalratana N, Ament Z, Patki A, Bhave VM, Jones AC, Garcia Guarniz AL, Couch CA, Cushman M, Long DL, Irvin MR, Kimberly WT. Acetylglutamine Differentially Associated with First-Time Versus Recurrent Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01181-1. [PMID: 37531033 PMCID: PMC10834852 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Approximately one-quarter of strokes occur in individuals with prior stroke. Despite the advancement in secondary stroke prevention, the long-term risk of recurrent stroke has remained unchanged. The objective of this study was to identify metabolite risk markers that are associated with recurrent stroke. We performed targeted metabolomic profiling of 162 metabolites by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in baseline plasma in a stroke case-cohort study nested within the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, an observational cohort study of 30,239 individuals aged 45 and older enrolled in 2003-2007. Weighted Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify metabolites that had a differential effect on first-time versus recurrent stroke using an interaction term between metabolite and prior stroke at baseline (yes or no). The study included 1391 incident stroke cases identified during 7.1 ± 4.5 years of follow-up and 1050 participants in the random cohort sample. Among 162 metabolites, 13 candidates had a metabolite-by-prior stroke interaction at a p-value <0.05, with one metabolite, acetylglutamine, surpassing the Bonferroni adjusted p-value threshold (p for interaction = 5.78 × 10-5). In an adjusted model that included traditional stroke risk factors, acetylglutamine was associated with recurrent stroke (HR = 2.27 per SD increment, 95% CI = 1.60-3.20, p = 3.52 × 10-6) but not with first-time stroke (HR = 0.96 per SD increment, 95% CI = 0.87-1.06, p = 0.44). Acetylglutamine was associated with recurrent stroke but not first-time stroke, independent of traditional stroke risk factors. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the pathogenesis of acetylglutamine and recurrent stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruchorn Kijpaisalratana
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Ament
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Amit Patki
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Alana C Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Catharine A Couch
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - D Leann Long
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Ryan Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - W Taylor Kimberly
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ren Y, Wu Y, He W, Tian Y, Zhao X. SMOC2 plays a role in heart failure via regulating TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway-mediated autophagy. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230752. [PMID: 37465345 PMCID: PMC10350896 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to elucidate the role of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-related modular calcium-binding protein 2 (SMOC2) in HF development and its underlying mechanism. Using a rat HF model, SMOC2 expression was examined and then knocked down via transfection to assess its impact on cardiac function and damage. The study also evaluated the effects of SMOC2 knockdown on autophagy-related molecules and the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/SMAD family member 3 (Smad3) signaling pathway. Intraperitoneal injection of the TGF-β agonist (SRI-011381) into the HF rat model was performed to explore the SMOC2-TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway relationship. SMOC2 expression was elevated in HF rats, while its downregulation improved cardiac function and damage. SMOC2 knockdown reversed alterations in the LC3-II/I ratio, Beclin-1, and p62 levels in HF rats. Through transmission electron microscope, we observed that SMOC2 knockdown restored autophagosome levels. Furthermore, SMOC2 downregulation inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, which was counteracted by SRI-011381. In conclusion, SMOC2 knockdown inhibits HF development by modulating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling-mediated autophagy, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Scientific Research Department, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010017, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Cardiology Department, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010017, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center in Cardiovascular Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010017, China
| | - Wenshuai He
- Cardiology Department, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010017, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center in Cardiovascular Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010017, China
| | - Yingjie Tian
- Cardiology Department, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010017, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center in Cardiovascular Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010017, China
| | - Xingsheng Zhao
- Cardiology Department, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010017, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center in Cardiovascular Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010017, China
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Yang SJ, Wang JJ, Cheng P, Chen LX, Hu JM, Zhu GQ. Ginsenoside Rg1 in neurological diseases: From bench to bedside. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:913-930. [PMID: 36380226 PMCID: PMC10104881 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been used in China as a superior medicinal material for thousands of years that can nourish the five internal organs, calm the mind and benefit wisdom. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities, one of the active components of ginseng, ginsenoside Rg1, has been extensively investigated in the remedy of brain disorders, especially dementia and depression. In this review, we summarized the research progress on the action mechanisms of Rg1 ameliorating depression-like behaviors, including inhibition of hyperfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, regulation of synaptic plasticity and gut flora. Rg1 may alleviate Alzheimer's disease in the early phase, as well as in the middle-late phases through repairing dendrite, axon and microglia- and astrocyte-related inflammations. We also proposed that Rg1 could regulate memory state (the imbalance of working and aversive memory) caused by distinct stimuli. These laboratory studies would further the clinical trials on Rg1. From the prospective of drug development, we discussed the limitations of the present investigations and proposed our ideas to increase permeability and bioavailability of Rg1. Taken together, Rg1 has the potential to treat neuropsychiatric disorders, but a future in-depth investigation of the mechanisms is still required. In addition, drug development will benefit from the clinical trials in one specific neuropsychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jing-Ji Wang
- The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230061, China.
| | - Ping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jia-Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Guo-Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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Xu Z, Lu D, Yuan J, Wang L, Wang J, Lei Z, Liu S, Wu J, Wang J, Huang L. Storax Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis following Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats via Suppression of AT1R-Ankrd1-P53 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13161. [PMID: 36361958 PMCID: PMC9657855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) seriously affects the prognosis and survival rate of patients. This study explores the role and regulation mechanism of storax, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, on myocardial fibrosis and cardiac function. The AMI rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of Isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO). Storax (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 g/kg) was administered by gavage once/d for 7 days. Electrocardiogram, echocardiography, hemodynamic and cardiac enzyme in AMI rats were measured. HE, Masson, immunofluorescence and TUNEL staining were used to observe the degree of pathological damage, fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in myocardial tissue, respectively. Expression of AT1R, CARP and their downstream related apoptotic proteins were detected by WB. The results demonstrated that storax could significantly improve cardiac electrophysiology and function, decrease serum cardiac enzyme activity, reduce type I and III collagen contents to improve fibrosis and alleviate myocardial pathological damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. It also found that storax can significantly down-regulate expression of AT1R, Ankrd1, P53, P-p53 (ser 15), Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 and up-regulate expression of Mdm2 and Bcl-2. Taken together, these findings indicated that storax effectively protected cardiomyocytes against myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting the AT1R-Ankrd1-P53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Danni Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jianmei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ziqin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Si Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Hu J, Liu T, Fu F, Cui Z, Lai Q, Zhang Y, Yu B, Liu F, Kou J, Li F. Omentin1 ameliorates myocardial ischemia-induced heart failure via SIRT3/FOXO3a-dependent mitochondrial dynamical homeostasis and mitophagy. Lab Invest 2022; 20:447. [PMID: 36192726 PMCID: PMC9531426 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue-derived adipokines are involved in various crosstalk between adipose tissue and other organs. Omentin1, a novel adipokine, exerts vital roles in the maintenance of body metabolism, insulin resistance and the like. However, the protective effect of omentin1 in myocardial ischemia (MI)-induced heart failure (HF) and its specific mechanism remains unclear and to be elucidated. Methods The model of MI-induced HF mice and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-injured cardiomyocytes were performed. Mice with overexpression of omentin1 were constructed by a fat-specific adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector system. Results We demonstrated that circulating omentin1 level diminished in HF patients compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, the fat-specific overexpression of omentin1 ameliorated cardiac function, cardiac hypertrophy, infarct size and cardiac pathological features, and also enhanced SIRT3/FOXO3a signaling in HF mice. Additionally, administration with AAV-omentin1 increased mitochondrial fusion and decreased mitochondrial fission in HF mice, as evidenced by up-regulated expression of Mfn2 and OPA1, and downregulation of p-Drp1(Ser616). Then, it also promoted PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Simultaneously, treatment with recombinant omentin1 strengthened OGD-injured cardiomyocyte viability, restrained LDH release, and enhanced the mitochondrial accumulation of SIRT3 and nucleus transduction of FOXO3a. Besides, omentin1 also ameliorated unbalanced mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics and activated mitophagy, thereby, improving the damaged mitochondria morphology and controlling mitochondrial quality in OGD-injured cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, SIRT3 played an important role in the improvement effects of omentin1 on mitochondrial function, unbalanced mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics and mitophagy. Conclusion Omentin1 improves MI-induced HF and myocardial injury by maintaining mitochondrial dynamical homeostasis and activating mitophagy via upregulation of SIRT3/FOXO3a signaling. This study provides evidence for further application of omentin1 in cardiovascular diseases from the perspective of crosstalk between heart and adipose tissue. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03642-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingui Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekun Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuming Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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