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Yang N, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhao Y, Shi X, Li Q, Xu X. Nsp10-interacting host protein SAP18 restricts PEDV replication in Marc-145 cells via enhancing dephosphorylation of RIG-I. Vet Microbiol 2024; 294:110124. [PMID: 38795403 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
PEDV, a single-stranded RNA virus, causes significant economic losses in the pig industry. Sin3-associated protein 18 (SAP18) is known for its role in transcriptional inhibition and RNA splicing. However, research on SAP18's involvement in PEDV infection is limited. Here, we identified an interaction between SAP18 and PEDV nonstructural protein 10 (Nsp10) using immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) and confirmed it through immunoprecipitation and laser confocal microscopy. Additionally, PEDV Nsp10 reduced SAP18 protein levels and induced its cytoplasmic accumulation. Overexpressing SAP18 suppressed PEDV replication, meanwhile its knockdown via short interfering RNA (siRNA) enhanced replication. SAP18 overexpression boosted IRF3 and NF-κB P65 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and IFN-β antiviral response. Furthermore, SAP18 upregulated RIG-I expression and facilitated its dephosphorylation, while SAP18 knockdown had the opposite effect. Finally, SAP18 interacted with phosphatase 1 (PP1) catalytic subunit alpha (PPP1CA), promoting PPP1CA-RIG-I interaction during PEDV infection. These findings highlight SAP18's role in activating the type I interferon pathway and inhibiting viral replication by promoting RIG-I dephosphorylation through its interaction with PPP1CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naling Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Quanqiong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Shifan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Yina Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaojie Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Qinfan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xingang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China.
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2
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Liu D, Yang J, Cristea IM. Liquid-liquid phase separation in innate immunity. Trends Immunol 2024:S1471-4906(24)00097-8. [PMID: 38762334 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsic and innate immune responses are essential lines of defense in the body's constant surveillance of pathogens. The discovery of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) as a key regulator of this primal response to infection brings an updated perspective to our understanding of cellular defense mechanisms. Here, we review the emerging multifaceted role of LLPS in diverse aspects of mammalian innate immunity, including DNA and RNA sensing and inflammasome activity. We discuss the intricate regulation of LLPS by post-translational modifications (PTMs), and the subversive tactics used by viruses to antagonize LLPS. This Review, therefore, underscores the significance of LLPS as a regulatory node that offers rapid and plastic control over host immune signaling, representing a promising target for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University; Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jinhang Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University; Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University; Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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3
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Liu N, Yang W, Luo L, Ma M, Cui J, Dong X, Li Y. Critical role of G3BP1 in bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3)-inhibition of stress granules formation and viral replication. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358036. [PMID: 38690262 PMCID: PMC11058653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It remains unclear whether BPIV3 infection leads to stress granules formation and whether G3BP1 plays a role in this process and in viral replication. This study aims to clarify the association between BPIV3 and stress granules, explore the effect of G3BP1 on BPIV3 replication, and provide significant insights into the mechanisms by which BPIV3 evades the host's antiviral immunity to support its own survival. Methods Here, we use Immunofluorescence staining to observe the effect of BPIV3 infection on the assembly of stress granules. Meanwhile, the expression changes of eIF2α and G3BP1 were determined. Overexpression or siRNA silencing of intracellular G3BP1 levels was examined for its regulatory control of BPIV3 replication. Results We identify that the BPIV3 infection elicited phosphorylation of the eIF2α protein. However, it did not induce the assembly of stress granules; rather, it inhibited the formation of stress granules and downregulated the expression of G3BP1. G3BP1 overexpression facilitated the formation of stress granules within cells and hindered viral replication, while G3BP1 knockdown enhanced BPIV3 expression. Conclusion This study suggest that G3BP1 plays a crucial role in BPIV3 suppressing stress granule formation and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Lingzhi Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingshuang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Xiumei Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
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4
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Yang Z, Johnson BA, Meliopoulos VA, Ju X, Zhang P, Hughes MP, Wu J, Koreski KP, Clary JE, Chang TC, Wu G, Hixon J, Duffner J, Wong K, Lemieux R, Lokugamage KG, Alvarado RE, Crocquet-Valdes PA, Walker DH, Plante KS, Plante JA, Weaver SC, Kim HJ, Meyers R, Schultz-Cherry S, Ding Q, Menachery VD, Taylor JP. Interaction between host G3BP and viral nucleocapsid protein regulates SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenicity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113965. [PMID: 38492217 PMCID: PMC11044841 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
G3BP1/2 are paralogous proteins that promote stress granule formation in response to cellular stresses, including viral infection. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inhibits stress granule assembly and interacts with G3BP1/2 via an ITFG motif, including residue F17, in the N protein. Prior studies examining the impact of the G3PB1-N interaction on SARS-CoV-2 replication have produced inconsistent findings, and the role of this interaction in pathogenesis is unknown. Here, we use structural and biochemical analyses to define the residues required for G3BP1-N interaction and structure-guided mutagenesis to selectively disrupt this interaction. We find that N-F17A mutation causes highly specific loss of interaction with G3BP1/2. SARS-CoV-2 N-F17A fails to inhibit stress granule assembly in cells, has decreased viral replication, and causes decreased pathology in vivo. Further mechanistic studies indicate that the N-F17-mediated G3BP1-N interaction promotes infection by limiting sequestration of viral genomic RNA (gRNA) into stress granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bryan A Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Victoria A Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiaohui Ju
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael P Hughes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinjun Wu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kaitlin P Koreski
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jemma E Clary
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ti-Cheng Chang
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kumari G Lokugamage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - R Elias Alvarado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - David H Walker
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth S Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica A Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Joo Kim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Qiang Ding
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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5
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Bermudez Y, Hatfield D, Muller M. A Balancing Act: The Viral-Host Battle over RNA Binding Proteins. Viruses 2024; 16:474. [PMID: 38543839 PMCID: PMC10974049 DOI: 10.3390/v16030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A defining feature of a productive viral infection is the co-opting of host cell resources for viral replication. Despite the host repertoire of molecular functions and biological counter measures, viruses still subvert host defenses to take control of cellular factors such as RNA binding proteins (RBPs). RBPs are involved in virtually all steps of mRNA life, forming ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNPs) in a highly ordered and regulated process to control RNA fate and stability in the cell. As such, the hallmark of the viral takeover of a cell is the reshaping of RNA fate to modulate host gene expression and evade immune responses by altering RBP interactions. Here, we provide an extensive review of work in this area, particularly on the duality of the formation of RNP complexes that can be either pro- or antiviral. Overall, in this review, we highlight the various ways viruses co-opt RBPs to regulate RNA stability and modulate the outcome of infection by gathering novel insights gained from research studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mandy Muller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (Y.B.); (D.H.)
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6
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Li L, Wang J, Zhong X, Jiang Y, Pei G, Yang X, Zhang K, Shen S, Jin X, Sun G, Su C, Chen S, Yin H. ADP-Hep-Induced Liquid Phase Condensation of TIFA-TRAF6 Activates ALPK1/TIFA-Dependent Innate Immune Responses. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0315. [PMID: 38357697 PMCID: PMC10865109 DOI: 10.34133/research.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The ALPK1 (alpha-kinase 1)-TIFA (TRAF-interacting protein with fork head-associated domain)-TRAF6 signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating inflammatory processes, with TIFA and TRAF6 serving as key molecules in this cascade. Despite its significance, the functional mechanism of TIFA-TRAF6 remains incompletely understood. In this study, we unveil that TIFA undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) induced by ALPK1 in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-β-D-manno-heptose (ADP-Hep) recognition. The phase separation of TIFA is primarily driven by ALPK1, the pT9-FHA domain, and the intrinsically disordered region segment. Simultaneously, TRAF6 exhibits phase separation during ADP-Hep-induced inflammation, a phenomenon observed consistently across various inflammatory signal pathways. Moreover, TRAF6 is recruited within the TIFA condensates, facilitating lysine (K) 63-linked polyubiquitin chain synthesis. The subsequent recruitment, enrichment, and activation of downstream effectors within these condensates contribute to robust inflammatory signal transduction. Utilizing a novel chemical probe (compound 22), our analysis demonstrates that the activation of the ALPK1-TIFA-TRAF6 signaling pathway in response to small molecules necessitates the phase separation of TIFA. In summary, our findings reveal TIFA as a sensor for upstream signals, initiating the LLPS of itself and downstream proteins. This process results in the formation of membraneless condensates within the ALPK1-TIFA-TRAF6 pathway, suggesting potential applications in therapeutic biotechnology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology,
Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xincheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaoyao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gaofeng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences,
Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xikang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siqi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gaoge Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chaofei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Zheng X, Chen J, Deng M, Ning K, Peng Y, Liu Z, Li X, Zhou Z, Tang H, Li Y, Kang T, Liu Z. G3BP1 and SLU7 Jointly Promote Immune Evasion by Downregulating MHC-I via PI3K/Akt Activation in Bladder Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305922. [PMID: 38084438 PMCID: PMC10870071 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show promise as second-line treatment for advanced bladder cancer (BLCA); however, their responsiveness is limited by the immune evasion mechanisms in tumor cells. This study conduct a Cox regression analysis to screen mRNA-binding proteins and reveals an association between Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) and diminished effectiveness of ICI therapy in patients with advanced BLCA. Subsequent investigation demonstrates that G3BP1 enhances immune evasion in BLCA cells by downregulating major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling activation. Mechanistically, G3BP1 interacts with splicing factor synergistic lethal with U5 snRNA 7 (SLU7) to form a complex with poly(A)-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1. This complex stabilizes the closed-loop structure of the mRNAs of class IA PI3Ks and consequently facilitates their translation and stabilization, thereby activating PI3K/Akt signaling to downregulate MHC-I. Consistently, targeting G3BP1 with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) impedes immune evasion and sensitizes BLCA cells to anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 antibodies in mice. Thus, G3BP1 and SLU7 collaboratively contribute to immune evasion in BLCA, indicating that EGCG is a precision therapeutic agent to enhance the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchong Zheng
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- Department of UrologyShunde HospitalSouthern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan)Foshan528000P. R. China
| | - Minhua Deng
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Kang Ning
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Yulu Peng
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Zhou
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Huancheng Tang
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Yaoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Gansu HospitalLanzhou730000P. R. China
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8
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Li Y, Bie J, Song C, Li Y, Zhang T, Li H, Zhao L, You F, Luo J. SIRT2 negatively regulates the cGAS-STING pathway by deacetylating G3BP1. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57500. [PMID: 37870259 PMCID: PMC10702829 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT2, a cytoplasmic member of the Sirtuin family, has important roles in immunity and inflammation. However, its function in regulating the response to DNA virus infection remains elusive. Here, we find that SIRT2 is a unique regulator among the Sirtuin family that negatively modulates the cGAS-STING-signaling pathway. SIRT2 is down-regulated after Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection, and SIRT2 deficiency markedly elevates the expression levels of type I interferon (IFN). SIRT2 inhibits the DNA binding ability and droplet formation of cGAS by interacting with and deacetylating G3BP1 at K257, K276, and K376, leading to the disassembly of the cGAS-G3BP1 complex, which is critical for cGAS activation. Administration of AGK2, a selective SIRT2 inhibitor, protects mice from HSV-1 infection and increases the expression of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes. Our study shows that SIRT2 negatively regulates cGAS activation through G3BP1 deacetylation, suggesting a potential antiviral strategy by modulating SIRT2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Juntao Bie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems BiologyInstitute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Tianzhuo Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Haishuang Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Fuping You
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems BiologyInstitute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
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9
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Chang H, Hou P, Wang X, Xiang A, Wu H, Qi W, Yang R, Wang X, Li X, He W, Zhao G, Sun W, Wang T, He DC, Wang H, Gao Y, He H. CD97 negatively regulates the innate immune response against RNA viruses by promoting RNF125-mediated RIG-I degradation. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1457-1471. [PMID: 37978243 PMCID: PMC10687259 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor ADGRE5 (CD97) binds to various metabolites that play crucial regulatory roles in metabolism. However, its function in the antiviral innate immune response remains to be determined. In this study, we report that CD97 inhibits virus-induced type-I interferon (IFN-I) release and enhances RNA virus replication in cells and mice. CD97 was identified as a new negative regulator of the innate immune receptor RIG-I, and RIG-1 degradation led to the suppression of the IFN-I signaling pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of CD97 promoted the ubiquitination of RIG-I, resulting in its degradation, but did not impact its mRNA expression. Mechanistically, CD97 upregulates RNF125 expression to induce RNF125-mediated RIG-I degradation via K48-linked ubiquitination at Lys181 after RNA virus infection. Most importantly, CD97-deficient mice are more resistant than wild-type mice to RNA virus infection. We also found that sanguinarine-mediated inhibition of CD97 effectively blocks VSV and SARS-CoV-2 replication. These findings elucidate a previously unknown mechanism through which CD97 negatively regulates RIG-I in the antiviral innate immune response and provide a molecular basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies and the design of targeted antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasong Chang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Peili Hou
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, China
| | - Aibiao Xiang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Wenjing Qi
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Rukun Yang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Wenqi He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Guimin Zhao
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, China
| | - Daniel Chang He
- The College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, China.
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
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10
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Chathuranga WAG, Nikapitiya C, Kim JH, Chathuranga K, Weerawardhana A, Dodantenna N, Kim DJ, Poo H, Jung JU, Lee CH, Lee JS. Gadd45β is critical for regulation of type I interferon signaling by facilitating G3BP-mediated stress granule formation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113358. [PMID: 37917584 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) constitute a signaling hub that plays a critical role in type I interferon responses. Here, we report that growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible beta (Gadd45β) act as a positive regulator of SG-mediated interferon signaling by targeting G3BP upon RNA virus infection. Gadd45β deficiency markedly impairs SG formation and SG-mediated activation of interferon signaling in vitro. Gadd45β knockout mice are highly susceptible to RNA virus infection, and their ability to produce interferon and cytokines is severely impaired. Specifically, Gadd45β interacts with the RNA-binding domain of G3BP, leading to conformational expansion of G3BP1 via dissolution of its autoinhibitory electrostatic intramolecular interaction. The acidic loop 1- and RNA-binding properties of Gadd45β markedly increase the conformational expansion and RNA-binding affinity of the G3BP1-Gadd45β complex, thereby promoting assembly of SGs. These findings suggest a role for Gadd45β as a component and critical regulator of G3BP1-mediated SG formation, which facilitates RLR-mediated interferon signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Gayan Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea; Livestock Products Analysis Division, Division of Animal Health, Daejeon Metropolitan City Institute of Health and Environment, Daejeon 34146, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
| | - Asela Weerawardhana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
| | - Niranjan Dodantenna
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Jin Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Haryoung Poo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRRIB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Aloise C, Schipper JG, van Vliet A, Oymans J, Donselaar T, Hurdiss DL, de Groot RJ, van Kuppeveld FJM. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein inhibits the PKR-mediated integrated stress response through RNA-binding domain N2b. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011582. [PMID: 37607209 PMCID: PMC10473545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleocapsid protein N of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enwraps and condenses the viral genome for packaging but is also an antagonist of the innate antiviral defense. It suppresses the integrated stress response (ISR), purportedly by interacting with stress granule (SG) assembly factors G3BP1 and 2, and inhibits type I interferon responses. To elucidate its mode of action, we systematically deleted and over-expressed distinct regions and domains. We show that N via domain N2b blocks PKR-mediated ISR activation, as measured by suppression of ISR-induced translational arrest and SG formation. N2b mutations that prevent dsRNA binding abrogate these activities also when introduced in the intact N protein. Substitutions reported to block post-translation modifications of N or its interaction with G3BP1/2 did not have a detectable additive effect. In an encephalomyocarditis virus-based infection model, N2b - but not a derivative defective in RNA binding-prevented PKR activation, inhibited β-interferon expression and promoted virus replication. Apparently, SARS-CoV-2 N inhibits innate immunity by sequestering dsRNA to prevent activation of PKR and RIG-I-like receptors. Similar observations were made for the N protein of human coronavirus 229E, suggesting that this may be a general trait conserved among members of other orthocoronavirus (sub)genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Aloise
- Virology Section, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle G. Schipper
- Virology Section, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arno van Vliet
- Virology Section, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Oymans
- Virology Section, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Donselaar
- Virology Section, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel L. Hurdiss
- Virology Section, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raoul J. de Groot
- Virology Section, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld
- Virology Section, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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12
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Li XW, Yuan SC, Wang M, Su ZH, Zhao M, Li T, Zhang XM, Xue W, Li WH. Rosmarinic acid ameliorates autoimmune responses through suppression of intracellular nucleic acid-mediated type I interferon expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 673:73-80. [PMID: 37364388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of intracellular nucleic acids is a vital step for host to mount prompt immune responses against microbial pathogens. However, inappropriate response to self-nucleic acids leads to sustained type I interferon (IFN) production, which is implicated in the development of several autoimmune diseases, such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). Therefore, effective confinement of intracellular nucleic acid-induced IFN expression is a potential strategy for the treatment of such autoimmune diseases. In this study, we found that rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural compound isolated from rosemary, inhibits intracellular nucleic acid-stimulated IFN expression. Mechanistic investigation revealed that RA binds to both G3BP1 and cGAS, and impairs cGAS activation through disrupting the binding of DNA with cGAS. More importantly, we showed that RA could effectively attenuate the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the well-established cell models for AGS. Thus, our study provides a promising compound for the treatment of autoimmune responses induced by aberrant nucleic acid-sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Sen-Chao Yuan
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Su
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tao Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xue-Min Zhang
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wen Xue
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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13
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Wang X, Lin L, Chen Z, Si W, Yan Y, Dong W, Jin Y, Huang Y, Zhou J. Mutations at site 207 of influenza a virus NS1 protein switch its function in regulating RIG-I-like receptors mediated antiviral responses. Antiviral Res 2023; 215:105641. [PMID: 37230297 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), are pattern recognition receptors through which cells initially sense pathogenic RNA and trigger interferon (IFN) signaling. Herein, we report that interferon induced protein 35 (IFI35) activates the ring finger protein 125 (RNF125)-UbcH5c-dependent degradation of RLRs and represses the recognition by RIG-I and MDA5 of viral RNA to inhibit innate immunity. Furthermore, IFI35 binds selectively to different subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) with asparagine residue207 (N207). Functionally, the NS1(N207)-IFI35 interaction restores the activity of RLRs, and IAV with NS1(non-N207) showed high pathogenicity in mice. Big data analysis showed that the 21st century pandemic IAV are almost all characterized by NS1 protein with non-N207. Collectively, our data uncovered the mechanism of IFI35 restricting the activation of RLRs and provides a new drug target comprising the NS1 protein of different IAV subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Lulu Lin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, PR China
| | - Wei Si
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Yan Yan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Weiren Dong
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yulan Jin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.
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14
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Yang S, Shen W, Hu J, Cai S, Zhang C, Jin S, Guan X, Wu J, Wu Y, Cui J. Molecular mechanisms and cellular functions of liquid-liquid phase separation during antiviral immune responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162211. [PMID: 37251408 PMCID: PMC10210139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal separation of cellular components is vital to ensure biochemical processes. Membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and nuclei play a major role in isolating intracellular components, while membraneless organelles (MLOs) are accumulatively uncovered via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to mediate cellular spatiotemporal organization. MLOs orchestrate various key cellular processes, including protein localization, supramolecular assembly, gene expression, and signal transduction. During viral infection, LLPS not only participates in viral replication but also contributes to host antiviral immune responses. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the roles of LLPS in virus infection may open up new avenues for treating viral infectious diseases. In this review, we focus on the antiviral defense mechanisms of LLPS in innate immunity and discuss the involvement of LLPS during viral replication and immune evasion escape, as well as the strategy of targeting LLPS to treat viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weishan Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihui Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenqiu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Guan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoxing Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Niu X, Zhang L, Wu Y, Zong Z, Wang B, Liu J, Zhang L, Zhou F. Biomolecular condensates: Formation mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e223. [PMID: 36875159 PMCID: PMC9974629 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are cellular structures composed of membraneless assemblies comprising proteins or nucleic acids. The formation of these condensates requires components to change from a state of solubility separation from the surrounding environment by undergoing phase transition and condensation. Over the past decade, it has become widely appreciated that biomolecular condensates are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and play a vital role in physiological and pathological processes. These condensates may provide promising targets for the clinic research. Recently, a series of pathological and physiological processes have been found associated with the dysfunction of condensates, and a range of targets and methods have been demonstrated to modulate the formation of these condensates. A more extensive description of biomolecular condensates is urgently needed for the development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of biomolecular condensates and the molecular mechanisms of their formation. Moreover, we reviewed the functions of condensates and therapeutic targets for diseases. We further highlighted the available regulatory targets and methods, discussed the significance and challenges of targeting these condensates. Reviewing the latest developments in biomolecular condensate research could be essential in translating our current knowledge on the use of condensates for clinical therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China.,MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First School of Medicine Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Zhi Zong
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Bin Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jisheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science Soochow University Suzhou China
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16
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Pro-Viral and Anti-Viral Roles of the RNA-Binding Protein G3BP1. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020449. [PMID: 36851663 PMCID: PMC9959972 DOI: 10.3390/v15020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses depend on host cellular resources to replicate. Interaction between viral and host proteins is essential for the pathogens to ward off immune responses as well as for virus propagation within the infected cells. While different viruses employ unique strategies to interact with diverse sets of host proteins, the multifunctional RNA-binding protein G3BP1 is one of the common targets for many viruses. G3BP1 controls several key cellular processes, including mRNA stability, translation, and immune responses. G3BP1 also serves as the central hub for the protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions within a class of biomolecular condensates called stress granules (SGs) during stress conditions, including viral infection. Increasing evidence suggests that viruses utilize distinct strategies to modulate G3BP1 function-either by degradation, sequestration, or redistribution-and control the viral life cycle positively and negatively. In this review, we summarize the pro-viral and anti-viral roles of G3BP1 during infection among different viral families.
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17
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Zheng Y, Gao C. Phase Separation: The Robust Modulator of Innate Antiviral Signaling and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020243. [PMID: 36839515 PMCID: PMC9962166 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has been a pandemic threat to human health and the worldwide economy, but efficient treatments are still lacking. Type I and III interferons are essential for controlling viral infection, indicating that antiviral innate immune signaling is critical for defense against viral infection. Phase separation, one of the basic molecular processes, governs multiple cellular activities, such as cancer progression, microbial infection, and signaling transduction. Notably, recent studies suggest that phase separation regulates antiviral signaling such as the RLR and cGAS-STING pathways. Moreover, proper phase separation of viral proteins is essential for viral replication and pathogenesis. These observations indicate that phase separation is a critical checkpoint for virus and host interaction. In this study, we summarize the recent advances concerning the regulation of antiviral innate immune signaling and SARS-CoV-2 infection by phase separation. Our review highlights the emerging notion that phase separation is the robust modulator of innate antiviral signaling and viral infection.
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18
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Scrima N, Le Bars R, Nevers Q, Glon D, Chevreux G, Civas A, Blondel D, Lagaudrière-Gesbert C, Gaudin Y. Rabies virus P protein binds to TBK1 and interferes with the formation of innate immunity-related liquid condensates. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111949. [PMID: 36640307 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses must overcome the interferon-mediated antiviral response to replicate and propagate into their host. Rabies virus (RABV) phosphoprotein P is known to inhibit interferon induction. Here, using a global mass spectrometry approach, we show that RABV P binds to TBK1, a kinase located at the crossroads of many interferon induction pathways, resulting in innate immunity inhibition. Mutations of TBK1 phosphorylation sites abolish P binding. Importantly, we demonstrate that upon RABV infection or detection of dsRNA by innate immunity sensors, TBK1 and its adaptor proteins NAP1 and SINTBAD form dynamic cytoplasmic condensates that have liquid properties. These condensates can form larger aggregates having ring-like structures in which NAP1 and TBK1 exhibit locally restricted movement. P binding to TBK1 interferes with the formation of these structures. This work demonstrates that proteins of the signaling pathway leading to interferon induction transiently form liquid organelles that can be targeted by viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Scrima
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Romain Le Bars
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Quentin Nevers
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Damien Glon
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Ahmet Civas
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Danielle Blondel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cécile Lagaudrière-Gesbert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Yves Gaudin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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19
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Guan Y, Wang Y, Fu X, Bai G, Li X, Mao J, Yan Y, Hu L. Multiple functions of stress granules in viral infection at a glance. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1138864. [PMID: 36937261 PMCID: PMC10014870 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1138864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are distinct RNA granules induced by various stresses, which are evolutionarily conserved across species. In general, SGs act as a conservative and essential self-protection mechanism during stress responses. Viruses have a long evolutionary history and viral infections can trigger a series of cellular stress responses, which may interact with SG formation. Targeting SGs is believed as one of the critical and conservative measures for viruses to tackle the inhibition of host cells. In this systematic review, we have summarized the role of SGs in viral infection and categorized their relationships into three tables, with a particular focus on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Moreover, we have outlined several kinds of drugs targeting SGs according to different pathways, most of which are potentially effective against SARS-CoV-2. We believe this review would offer a new view for the researchers and clinicians to attempt to develop more efficacious treatments for virus infection, particularly for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Guan
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Fu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guannan Bai
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongbin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongbin Yan,
| | - Lidan Hu
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Lidan Hu,
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20
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Brownsword MJ, Locker N. A little less aggregation a little more replication: Viral manipulation of stress granules. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1741. [PMID: 35709333 PMCID: PMC10078398 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent exciting studies have uncovered how membrane-less organelles, also known as biocondensates, are providing cells with rapid response pathways, allowing them to re-organize their cellular contents and adapt to stressful conditions. Their assembly is driven by the phase separation of their RNAs and intrinsically disordered protein components into condensed foci. Among these, stress granules (SGs) are dynamic cytoplasmic biocondensates that form in response to many stresses, including activation of the integrated stress response or viral infections. SGs sit at the crossroads between antiviral signaling and translation because they concentrate signaling proteins and components of the innate immune response, in addition to translation machinery and stalled mRNAs. Consequently, they have been proposed to contribute to antiviral activities, and therefore are targeted by viral countermeasures. Equally, SGs components can be commandeered by viruses for their own efficient replication. Phase separation processes are an important component of the viral life cycle, for example, driving the assembly of replication factories or inclusion bodies. Therefore, in this review, we will outline the recent understanding of this complex interplay and tug of war between viruses, SGs, and their components. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease Translation > Regulation RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Brownsword
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
| | - Nicolas Locker
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
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21
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Burke JM. Regulation of ribonucleoprotein condensates by RNase L during viral infection. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2022:e1770. [PMID: 36479619 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In response to viral infection, mammalian cells activate several innate immune pathways to antagonize viral gene expression. Upon recognition of viral double-stranded RNA, protein kinase R (PKR) phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) on serine 51. This inhibits canonical translation initiation, which broadly antagonizes viral protein synthesis. It also promotes the assembly of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes termed stress granules (SGs). SGs are widely thought to promote cell survival and antiviral signaling. However, co-activation of the OAS/RNase L antiviral pathway inhibits the assembly of SGs and promotes the assembly of an alternative ribonucleoprotein complex termed an RNase L-dependent body (RLB). The formation of RLBs has been observed in response to double-stranded RNA, dengue virus infection, or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Herein, we review the distinct biogenesis pathways and properties of SGs and RLBs, and we provide perspective on their potential functions during the antiviral response. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Burke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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22
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Lee S, Kim H, Hong A, Song J, Lee S, Kim M, Hwang SY, Jeong D, Kim J, Son A, Lee YS, Kim VN, Kim JS, Chang H, Ahn K. Functional and molecular dissection of HCMV long non-coding RNAs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19303. [PMID: 36369338 PMCID: PMC9652368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small, compact genomes confer a selective advantage to viruses, yet human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) expresses the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs); RNA1.2, RNA2.7, RNA4.9, and RNA5.0. Little is known about the function of these lncRNAs in the virus life cycle. Here, we dissected the functional and molecular landscape of HCMV lncRNAs. We found that HCMV lncRNAs occupy ~ 30% and 50-60% of total and poly(A)+viral transcriptome, respectively, throughout virus life cycle. RNA1.2, RNA2.7, and RNA4.9, the three abundantly expressed lncRNAs, appear to be essential in all infection states. Among these three lncRNAs, depletion of RNA2.7 and RNA4.9 results in the greatest defect in maintaining latent reservoir and promoting lytic replication, respectively. Moreover, we delineated the global post-transcriptional nature of HCMV lncRNAs by nanopore direct RNA sequencing and interactome analysis. We revealed that the lncRNAs are modified with N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and interact with m6A readers in all infection states. In-depth analysis demonstrated that m6A machineries stabilize HCMV lncRNAs, which could account for the overwhelming abundance of viral lncRNAs. Our study lays the groundwork for understanding the viral lncRNA-mediated regulation of host-virus interaction throughout the HCMV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Institute for Basic Science, Center for RNA Research, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Institute for Basic Science, Center for RNA Research, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ari Hong
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Institute for Basic Science, Center for RNA Research, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Song
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Institute for Basic Science, Center for RNA Research, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyul Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Institute for Basic Science, Center for RNA Research, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Myeonghwan Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Institute for Basic Science, Center for RNA Research, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-yeon Hwang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Institute for Basic Science, Center for RNA Research, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjoon Jeong
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Institute for Basic Science, Center for RNA Research, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesoo Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Institute for Basic Science, Center for RNA Research, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyeon Son
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Institute for Basic Science, Center for RNA Research, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-suk Lee
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - V. Narry Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Institute for Basic Science, Center for RNA Research, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-seo Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Institute for Basic Science, Center for RNA Research, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeshik Chang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Institute for Basic Science, Center for RNA Research, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangseog Ahn
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Institute for Basic Science, Center for RNA Research, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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23
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhou J, Wang X, Ma L, Li J, Yang L, Yuan H, Pang D, Ouyang H. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: An Updated Overview of Virus Epidemiology, Virulence Variation Patterns and Virus-Host Interactions. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112434. [PMID: 36366532 PMCID: PMC9695474 DOI: 10.3390/v14112434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a member of the coronavirus family, causing deadly watery diarrhea in newborn piglets. The global pandemic of PEDV, with significant morbidity and mortality, poses a huge threat to the swine industry. The currently developed vaccines and drugs are only effective against the classic GI strains that were prevalent before 2010, while there is no effective control against the GII variant strains that are currently a global pandemic. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the biology of PEDV, including its transmission and origin, structure and function, evolution, and virus-host interaction, in an attempt to find the potential virulence factors influencing PEDV pathogenesis. We conclude with the mechanism by which PEDV components antagonize the immune responses of the virus, and the role of host factors in virus infection. Essentially, this review serves as a valuable reference for the development of attenuated virus vaccines and the potential of host factors as antiviral targets for the prevention and control of PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yiwu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lerong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (H.O.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6175 (H.O.)
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (H.O.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6175 (H.O.)
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24
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The Amino Acid at Position 95 in the Matrix Protein of Rabies Virus Is Involved in Antiviral Stress Granule Formation in Infected Cells. J Virol 2022; 96:e0081022. [PMID: 36069552 PMCID: PMC9517722 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00810-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic structures that store cytosolic messenger ribonucleoproteins. SGs have recently been shown to serve as a platform for activating antiviral innate immunity; however, several pathogenic viruses suppress SG formation to evade innate immunity. In this study, we investigated the relationship between rabies virus (RABV) virulence and SG formation, using viral strains with different levels of virulence. We found that the virulent Nishigahara strain did not induce SG formation, but its avirulent offshoot, the Ni-CE strain, strongly induced SG formation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the amino acid at position 95 in the RABV matrix protein (M95), a pathogenic determinant for the Nishigahara strain, plays a key role in inhibiting SG formation, followed by protein kinase R (PKR)-dependent phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). M95 was also implicated in the accumulation of RIG-I, a viral RNA sensor protein, in SGs and in the subsequent acceleration of interferon induction. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that M95-related inhibition of SG formation contributes to the pathogenesis of RABV by allowing the virus to evade the innate immune responses of the host. IMPORTANCE Rabies virus (RABV) is a neglected zoonotic pathogen that causes lethal infections in almost all mammalian hosts, including humans. Recently, RABV has been reported to induce intracellular formation of stress granules (SGs), also known as platforms that activate innate immune responses. However, the relationship between SG formation capacity and pathogenicity of RABV has remained unclear. In this study, by comparing two RABV strains with completely different levels of virulence, we found that the amino acid mutation from valine to alanine at position 95 of matrix protein (M95), which is known to be one of the amino acid mutations that determine the difference in virulence between the strains, plays a major role in SG formation. Importantly, M95 was involved in the accumulation of RIG-I in SGs and in promoting interferon induction. These findings are the first report of the effect of a single amino acid substitution associated with SGs on viral virulence.
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25
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Wang M, Zhao Y, Liu J, Li T. SARS-CoV-2 modulation of RIG-I-MAVS signaling: Potential mechanisms of impairment on host antiviral immunity and therapeutic approaches. MEDCOMM - FUTURE MEDICINE 2022; 1:e29. [PMID: 37521851 PMCID: PMC9878249 DOI: 10.1002/mef2.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global infectious disease aroused by RNA virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients may suffer from severe respiratory failure or even die, posing a huge challenge to global public health. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is one of the major pattern recognition receptors, function to recognize RNA viruses and mediate the innate immune response. RIG-1 and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 contain an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain that is activated upon detection of viral RNA in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells. Activated RIG-I and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein trigger a series of corresponding immune responses such as the production of type I interferon against viral infection. In this review, we are summarizing the role of the structural, nonstructural, and accessory proteins from SARS-CoV-2 on the RIG-I-MAVS pathway, and exploring the potential mechanism how SARS-CoV-2 could evade the host antiviral response. We then proposed that modulation of the RIG-I-MAVS signaling pathway might be a novel and effective therapeutic strategy to against COVID-19 as well as the constantly mutating coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and HealthMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and HealthMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory MedicineGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguanChina
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and HealthMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and HealthMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
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26
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Neyret A, Bernard E, Aïqui-Reboul-Paviet O, Bakhache W, Eldin P, Chaloin L, Briant L. Identification of a non-canonical G3BP-binding sequence in a Mayaro virus nsP3 hypervariable domain. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:958176. [PMID: 36034716 PMCID: PMC9403187 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.958176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating SH3 domain-binding-proteins 1 (G3BP1) and 2 (G3BP2) are multifunctional RNA-binding proteins involved in stress granule nucleation, previously identified as essential cofactors of Old World alphaviruses. They are recruited to viral replication complexes formed by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), and Sindbis virus (SINV) via an interaction with a duplicated FGxF motif conserved in the hypervariable domain (HVD) of virus-encoded nsP3. According to mutagenesis studies, this FGxF duplication is strictly required for G3BP binding and optimal viral growth. Contrasting with this scenario, nsP3 encoded by Mayaro virus (MAYV), an arthritogenic virus grouped with Old World alphaviruses, contains a single canonical FGxF sequence. In light of this unusual feature, we questioned MAYV nsP3/G3BPs relationships. We report that G3BP1 and G3BP2 are both required for MAYV growth in human cells and bind nsP3 protein. In infected cells, they are recruited to nsP3-containing cytosolic foci and active replication complexes. Unexpectedly, deletion of the single FGxF sequence in MAYV nsP3 did not abolish these phenotypes. Using mutagenesis and in silico modeling, we identify an upstream FGAP amino acid sequence as an additional MAYV nsP3/G3BP interaction motif required for optimal viral infectivity. These results, therefore, highlight a non-conventional G3BP binding sequence in MAYV nsP3.
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27
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Loh D, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8122. [PMID: 35897696 PMCID: PMC9368024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The relentless, protracted evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus imposes tremendous pressure on herd immunity and demands versatile adaptations by the human host genome to counter transcriptomic and epitranscriptomic alterations associated with a wide range of short- and long-term manifestations during acute infection and post-acute recovery, respectively. To promote viral replication during active infection and viral persistence, the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein regulates host cell microenvironment including pH and ion concentrations to maintain a high oxidative environment that supports template switching, causing extensive mitochondrial damage and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling cascades. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial distress induce dynamic changes to both the host and viral RNA m6A methylome, and can trigger the derepression of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1), resulting in global hypomethylation, epigenetic changes, and genomic instability. The timely application of melatonin during early infection enhances host innate antiviral immune responses by preventing the formation of "viral factories" by nucleocapsid liquid-liquid phase separation that effectively blockades viral genome transcription and packaging, the disassembly of stress granules, and the sequestration of DEAD-box RNA helicases, including DDX3X, vital to immune signaling. Melatonin prevents membrane depolarization and protects cristae morphology to suppress glycolysis via antioxidant-dependent and -independent mechanisms. By restraining the derepression of LINE1 via multifaceted strategies, and maintaining the balance in m6A RNA modifications, melatonin could be the quintessential ancient molecule that significantly influences the outcome of the constant struggle between virus and host to gain transcriptomic and epitranscriptomic dominance over the host genome during acute infection and PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Loh
- Independent Researcher, Marble Falls, TX 78654, USA;
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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28
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Sun M, Wu S, Kang S, Liao J, Zhang L, Xu Z, Chen H, Xu L, Zhang X, Qin Q, Wei J. Critical Roles of G3BP1 in Red-Spotted Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus-Induced Stress Granule Formation and Viral Replication in Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Front Immunol 2022; 13:931534. [PMID: 35935992 PMCID: PMC9354888 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection causes changes in the internal environment of host cells, and a series of stress responses are generated to respond to these changes and help the cell survive. Stress granule (SG) formation is a type of cellular stress response that inhibits viral replication. However, the relationship between red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection and SGs, and the roles of the SG marker protein RAS GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) in viral infection remain unclear. In this study, RGNNV infection induced grouper spleen (GS) cells to produce SGs. The SGs particles co-located with the classic SG marker protein eIF3η, and some SGs depolymerized under treatment with the translation inhibitor, cycloheximide (CHX). In addition, when the four kinases of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)-dependent pathway were inhibited, knockdown of HRI and GCN2 with small interfering RNAs and inhibition of PKR with 2-aminopurine had little effect on the formation of SGs, but the PERK inhibitor significantly inhibited the formation of SGs and decreased the phosphorylation of eIF2α. G3BP1 of Epinephelus coioides (named as EcG3BP1) encodes 495 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 54.12 kDa and 65.9% homology with humans. Overexpression of EcG3BP1 inhibited the replication of RGNNV in vitro by up-regulating the interferon and inflammatory response, whereas knockdown of EcG3BP1 promoted the replication of RGNNV. These results provide a better understanding of the relationship between SGs and viral infection in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Sun
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siting Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaozhu Kang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Liao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luhao Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuqing Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linting Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jingguang Wei, ; Qiwei Qin,
| | - Jingguang Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingguang Wei, ; Qiwei Qin,
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29
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Abstract
Protein kinase R (PKR) is a critical host restriction factor against invading viral pathogens. However, this molecule is inactivated in the cells infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an economically devastating pathogen to the world swine industry. Here, we report that this event is to suppress cellular inflammation and is mediated by the viral replicase protein nsp1β. We show that nsp1β is a stress-responsive protein, enters virus-induced stress granules (SGs) during infection, and repurposes SGs into a proviral platform, where it co-opts the SG core component G3BP1 to interact with PKR in a regulated manner. RNA interference silencing of G3BP1 or mutation of specific nsp1β residues (VS19GG) can abolish the antagonization of PKR activation. The viral mutant carrying the corresponding mutations induces elevated level of PKR phosphorylation and pronounced production of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-8), whereas small-interfering RNA knockdown of PKR or treatment with C16, a PKR inhibitor, blocks this effect. Thus, PRRSV has evolved a unique strategy to evade PKR restriction to suppress host inflammatory responses.
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30
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Wei XF, Fan SY, Wang YW, Li S, Long SY, Gan CY, Li J, Sun YX, Guo L, Wang PY, Yang X, Wang JL, Cui J, Zhang WL, Huang AL, Hu JL. Identification of STAU1 as a regulator of HBV replication by TurboID-based proximity labeling. iScience 2022; 25:104416. [PMID: 35663023 PMCID: PMC9156947 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The core promoter (CP) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is critical for HBV replication by controlling the transcription of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA). Host factors regulating the activity of the CP can be identified by different methods. Biotin-based proximity labeling, a powerful method with the capability to capture weak or dynamic interactions, has not yet been used to map proteins interacting with the CP. Here, we established a strategy, based on the newly evolved promiscuous enzyme TurboID, for interrogating host factors regulating the activity of HBV CP. Using this strategy, we identified STAU1 as an important factor involved in the regulation of HBV CP. Mechanistically, STAU1 indirectly binds to CP mediated by TARDBP, and recruits the SAGA transcription coactivator complex to the CP to upregulate its activity. Moreover, STAU1 binds to HBx and enhances the level of HBx by stabilizing it in a ubiquitin-independent manner. HBV core promoter binding factors were interrogated by a proximity labeling method STAU1 enhances HBV transcription and replication STAU1 indirectly binds to core promoter via TARDBP and recruits SAGA complex STAU1 binds to HBx and increases its stability
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Fei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu-Ying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Yang Gan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Xue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai-Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Li Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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31
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SARS-CoV-2 N Protein Antagonizes Stress Granule Assembly and IFN Production by Interacting with G3BPs to Facilitate Viral Replication. J Virol 2022; 96:e0041222. [PMID: 35652658 PMCID: PMC9215227 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00412-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and poses a significant threat to global health. N protein (NP), which is a major pathogenic protein among betacoronaviruses, binds to the viral RNA genome to allow viral genome packaging and viral particle release. Recent studies showed that NP antagonizes interferon (IFN) induction and mediates phase separation. Using live SARS-CoV-2 viruses, this study provides solid evidence showing that SARS-CoV-2 NP associates with G3BP1 and G3BP2 in vitro and in vivo. NPSARS-CoV-2 could efficiently suppress G3BP-mediated SG formation and potentiate viral infection by overcoming G3BP1-mediated antiviral innate immunity. G3BP1 conditional knockout mice (g3bp1fl/fL, Sftpc-Cre) exhibit significantly higher lung viral loads after SARS-CoV-2 infection than wild-type mice. Our findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding the pathogenicity of NPSARS-CoV-2 and provide insight into new therapeutics targeting NPSARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE In this study, by in vitro assay and live SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, we provide solid evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 NP associates with G3BP1 and G3BP2 in vitro and in vivo. NPSARS-CoV-2 could efficiently suppress G3BP-mediated SG formation and potentiate viral infection by overcoming antiviral innate immunity mediated by G3BP1 in A549 cell lines and G3BP1 conditional knockout mice (g3bp1-cKO) mice, which provide in-depth evidence showing the mechanism underlying NP-related SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis through G3BPs.
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32
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Ge Y, Jin J, Li J, Ye M, Jin X. The roles of G3BP1 in human diseases (review). Gene X 2022; 821:146294. [PMID: 35176431 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is a multifunctional binding protein involved in a variety of biological functions, including cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, differentiation and RNA metabolism. It has been revealed that G3BP1, as an antiviral factor, can interact with viral proteins and regulate the assembly of stress granules (SGs), which can inhibit viral replication. Furthermore, several viruses have the ability to hijack G3BP1 as a cofactor, recruiting translation initiation factors to promote viral proliferation. However, many functions of G3BP1 are associated with other diseases. In various cancers, G3BP1 is a cancer-promoting factor, which can promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Moreover, compared with normal tissues, G3BP1 expression is higher in tumor tissues, indicating that it can be used as an indicator for cancer diagnosis. In this review, the structure of G3BP1 and the regulation of G3BP1 in multiple dimensions are described. In addition, the effects and potential mechanisms of G3BP1 on various carcinomas, viral infections, nervous system diseases and cardiovascular diseases are elucidated, which may provide a direction for clinical applications of G3BP1 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Ge
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiabei Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinyun Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meng Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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33
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Wang Q, Wang Z, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Zheng M, Wen J, Zhao G, Li Q. Dual RNA-Seq of H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus and Host Cell Transcriptomes Reveals Novel Insights Into Host-Pathogen Cross Talk. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:828277. [PMID: 35495687 PMCID: PMC9039741 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.828277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) is a highly pathogenic influenza virus that poses a substantial threat to poultry production and public health. A comprehensive understanding of host-pathogen interactions for AIV requires knowledge of gene expression changes in both the pathogen and the host upon infection. We report the use of dual RNA sequencing technology to uncover trends in gene expression in H5N1 AIV and chickens (DF1 cells) during the course of infection. The expression of all viral genes increased continuously from 0 to 20 h post infection. We also identified 2,762 differentially expressed host genes during infection. Pathway analysis found that genes related to the signaling pathways of DNA replication, T cell activation, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and RNA degradation were significantly enriched. We demonstrated that the cis-acting lncRNA MSTRG.14019.1 targeted CSE1L and may affect virus replication. This study provides a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of host-virus interactions at the RNA level during the course of H5N1 AIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maiqing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Koliński M, Kałużna E, Piwecka M. RNA–protein interactomes as invaluable resources to study RNA viruses: Insights from SARS CoV‐2 studies. WIRES RNA 2022; 13:e1727. [PMID: 35343064 PMCID: PMC9111084 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is essential for the successful development of therapeutic strategies against the COVID‐19 pandemic. Numerous studies have focused on the identification of host factors and cellular pathways involved in the viral replication cycle. The speed and magnitude of hijacking the translation machinery of host mRNA, and shutting down host transcription are still not well understood. Since SARS‐CoV‐2 relies on host RNA‐binding proteins for the infection progression, several efforts have been made to define the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA‐bound proteomes (RNA–protein interactomes). Methodologies that enable the systemic capture of protein interactors of given RNA in vivo have been adapted for the identification of the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA interactome. The obtained proteomic data aided by genome‐wide and targeted CRISPR perturbation screens, revealed host factors with either pro‐ or anti‐viral activity and highlighted cellular processes and factors involved in host response. We focus here on the recent studies on SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA–protein interactomes, with regard to both the technological aspects of RNA interactome capture methods and the obtained results. We also summarize several related studies, which were used in the interpretation of the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA–protein interactomes. These studies provided the selection of host factors that are potentially suitable candidates for antiviral therapy. Finally, we underscore the importance of RNA–protein interactome studies in regard to the effective development of antiviral strategies against current and future threats. This article is categorized under:RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Koliński
- Department of Non‐Coding RNAs Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Ewelina Kałużna
- Department of Non‐Coding RNAs Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Monika Piwecka
- Department of Non‐Coding RNAs Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Poznan Poland
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35
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Zhang J, Ejikemeuwa A, Gerzanich V, Nasr M, Tang Q, Simard JM, Zhao RY. Understanding the Role of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a in Viral Pathogenesis and COVID-19. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:854567. [PMID: 35356515 PMCID: PMC8959714 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.854567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shocked the world due to its persistence, COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality, and the high mutability of the virus. One of the major concerns is the emergence of new viral variants that may increase viral transmission and disease severity. In addition to mutations of spike protein, mutations of viral proteins that affect virulence, such as ORF3a, also must be considered. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature on ORF3a, to summarize the molecular actions of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a, and its role in viral pathogenesis and COVID-19. ORF3a is a polymorphic, multifunctional viral protein that is specific to SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2. It was acquired from β-CoV lineage and likely originated from bats through viral evolution. SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a is a viroporin that interferes with ion channel activities in host plasma and endomembranes. It is likely a virion-associated protein that exerts its effect on the viral life cycle during viral entry through endocytosis, endomembrane-associated viral transcription and replication, and viral release through exocytosis. ORF3a induces cellular innate and pro-inflammatory immune responses that can trigger a cytokine storm, especially under hypoxic conditions, by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes, HMGB1, and HIF-1α to promote the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. ORF3a induces cell death through apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis, which leads to tissue damage that affects the severity of COVID-19. ORF3a continues to evolve along with spike and other viral proteins to adapt in the human cellular environment. How the emerging ORF3a mutations alter the function of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a and its role in viral pathogenesis and COVID-19 is largely unknown. This review provides an in-depth analysis of ORF3a protein's structure, origin, evolution, and mutant variants, and how these characteristics affect its functional role in viral pathogenesis and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amara Ejikemeuwa
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mohamed Nasr
- Drug Development and Clinical Sciences Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard Y. Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute of Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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36
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Abstract
Immune signalling pathways convert pathogenic stimuli into cytosolic events that lead to the resolution of infection. Upon ligand engagement, immune receptors together with their downstream adaptors and effectors undergo substantial conformational changes and spatial reorganization. During this process, nanometre-to-micrometre-sized signalling clusters have been commonly observed that are believed to be hotspots for signal transduction. Because of their large size and heterogeneous composition, it remains a challenge to fully understand the mechanisms by which these signalling clusters form and their functional consequences. Recently, phase separation has emerged as a new biophysical principle for organizing biomolecules into large clusters with fluidic properties. Although the field is still in its infancy, studies of phase separation in immunology are expected to provide new perspectives for understanding immune responses. Here, we present an up-to-date view of how liquid-liquid phase separation drives the formation of signalling condensates and regulates immune signalling pathways, including those downstream of T cell receptor, B cell receptor and the innate immune receptors cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I protein (RIG-I). We conclude with a summary of the current challenges the field is facing and outstanding questions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ceara K. McAtee
- Yale Combined Program in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaolei Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,
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37
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Mishra PK, Kang MG, Lee H, Kim S, Choi S, Sharma N, Park CM, Ko J, Lee C, Seo JK, Rhee HW. A chemical tool for blue light-inducible proximity photo-crosslinking in live cells. Chem Sci 2022; 13:955-966. [PMID: 35211260 PMCID: PMC8790779 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04871f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a proximity photo-crosslinking method (Spotlight) with a 4-azido-N-ethyl-1,8-naphthalimide (AzNP) moiety that can be converted to reactive aryl nitrene species using ambient blue light-emitting diode light. Using an AzNP-conjugated HaloTag ligand (VL1), blue light-induced photo-crosslinked products of various HaloTag-conjugated proteins of interest were detected in subcellular spaces in live cells. Chemical or heat stress-induced dynamic changes in the proteome were also detected, and photo-crosslinking in the mouse brain tissue was enabled. Using Spotlight, we further identified the host interactome of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein, which is essential for viral genome assembly. Mass analysis of the VL1-crosslinked product of N-HaloTag in HEK293T cells showed that RNA-binding proteins in stress granules were exclusively enriched in the cross-linked samples. These results tell that our method can reveal the interactome of protein of interest within a short distance in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea .,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44191 Korea
| | - Myeong-Gyun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Hakbong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Korea
| | - Seungjoon Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Korea
| | - Subin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44191 Korea
| | - Nirmali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea .,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44191 Korea
| | - Cheol-Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44191 Korea
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Korea
| | - Changwook Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea .,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea
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38
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Nabeel-Shah S, Lee H, Ahmed N, Burke GL, Farhangmehr S, Ashraf K, Pu S, Braunschweig U, Zhong G, Wei H, Tang H, Yang J, Marcon E, Blencowe BJ, Zhang Z, Greenblatt JF. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein binds host mRNAs and attenuates stress granules to impair host stress response. iScience 2022; 25:103562. [PMID: 34901782 PMCID: PMC8642831 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N) protein is essential for viral replication, making it a promising target for antiviral drug and vaccine development. SARS-CoV-2 infected patients exhibit an uncoordinated immune response; however, the underlying mechanistic details of this imbalance remain obscure. Here, starting from a functional proteomics workflow, we cataloged the protein-protein interactions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins, including an evolutionarily conserved specific interaction of N with the stress granule resident proteins G3BP1 and G3BP2. N localizes to stress granules and sequesters G3BPs away from their typical interaction partners, thus attenuating stress granule formation. We found that N binds directly to host mRNAs in cells, with a preference for 3' UTRs, and modulates target mRNA stability. We show that the N protein rewires the G3BP1 mRNA-binding profile and suppresses the physiological stress response of host cells, which may explain the imbalanced immune response observed in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nabeel-Shah
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hyunmin Lee
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nujhat Ahmed
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Giovanni L Burke
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shaghayegh Farhangmehr
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kanwal Ashraf
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Shuye Pu
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | | | - Guoqing Zhong
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Hong Wei
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jianyi Yang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Edyta Marcon
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Blencowe
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jack F Greenblatt
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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39
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Deater M, Tamhankar M, Lloyd RE. TDRD3 is an antiviral restriction factor that promotes IFN signaling with G3BP1. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010249. [PMID: 35085371 PMCID: PMC8824378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are highly dynamic cytoplasmic foci that form in response to activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) that results in eIF2α phosphorylation and global translation shutdown. Stress granules, which are largely nucleated by G3BP1, serve as hubs for mRNA triage, but there is mounting evidence that they also perform cell signaling functions that are vital to cell survival, particularly during viral infection. We previously showed that SG formation leads to NFκB activation and JNK signaling and that this association may be due in part to G3BP1-dependent recruitment of PKR to SGs. Others have reported close associations between G3BP1 and various innate immune PRRs of the type 1 interferon signaling system, including RIG-I. We also reported SG assembly dynamics is dependent on the arginine-methylation status of G3BP1. Another protein that rapidly localizes to SGs, TDRD3, is a methyl reader protein that performs transcriptional activation and adaptor functions within the nucleus, but neither the mechanism nor its function in SGs is clear. Here, we present evidence that TDRD3 localizes to SGs partly based upon methylation potential of G3BP1. We also characterize granules that TDRD3 forms during overexpression and show that these granules can form in the absence of G3BP but also contain translation components found in canonical SGs. We also show for the first time that SGs recruit additional interferon effectors IRF3, IRF7, TBK1, and Sting, and provide evidence that TDRD3 may play a role in recruitment of these factors. We also present evidence that TDRD3 is a novel antiviral protein that is cleaved by enteroviral 2A proteinase. G3BP1 and TDRD3 knockdown in cells results in altered transcriptional regulation of numerous IFN effectors in complex modulatory patterns that are distinctive for G3BP1 and TDRD3. Overall, we describe a novel role of TDRD3 in innate immunity in which G3BP1 and TDRD3 may coordinate to play important roles in regulation of innate antiviral defenses. When cells are exposed to environmental stresses, such as oxidative stress and viral infection, it induces a cellular response leading to the formation of Stress Granules (SGs) composed of stalled translation initiation complexes (RNA-binding proteins and mRNA) and many other cellular proteins. SGs are also considered to be antiviral structures when they form during viral infection, but viruses can block SG formation to facilitate their survival, often by targeting the essential SG protein G3BP1. Here, we show that a methyl reader protein, TDRD3, localizes to SGs partly based on the methylation potential of G3BP1, and may play a role in the recruitment of innate immune factors to SGs. Further, when overexpressed, TDRD3 can also form SG-like structures independently of G3BP1. We also present evidence that TDRD3 is a novel antiviral protein. Virus replication is enhanced in the absence of both TDRD3 and G3BP1, and virus infection leads to cleavage of TDRD3 by the enterovirus proteinase 2A. Finally, we also show that depletion of TDRD3 and G3BP1 together in cells leads to restriction of transcriptional activation of numerous IFN effectors in response to dsRNA. The patterns of transcriptional activation are distinctive for G3BP1 and TDRD3. We conclude that TDRD3 may play a novel and important role in the regulation of the host antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Deater
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Manasi Tamhankar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Lloyd
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Schneider-Lunitz V, Ruiz-Orera J, Hubner N, van Heesch S. Multifunctional RNA-binding proteins influence mRNA abundance and translational efficiency of distinct sets of target genes. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009658. [PMID: 34879078 PMCID: PMC8687540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can regulate more than a single aspect of RNA metabolism. We searched for such previously undiscovered multifunctionality within a set of 143 RBPs, by defining the predictive value of RBP abundance for the transcription and translation levels of known RBP target genes across 80 human hearts. This led us to newly associate 27 RBPs with cardiac translational regulation in vivo. Of these, 21 impacted both RNA expression and translation, albeit for virtually independent sets of target genes. We highlight a subset of these, including G3BP1, PUM1, UCHL5, and DDX3X, where dual regulation is achieved through differential affinity for target length, by which separate biological processes are controlled. Like the RNA helicase DDX3X, the known splicing factors EFTUD2 and PRPF8—all identified as multifunctional RBPs by our analysis—selectively influence target translation rates depending on 5’ UTR structure. Our analyses identify dozens of RBPs as being multifunctional and pinpoint potential novel regulators of translation, postulating unanticipated complexity of protein-RNA interactions at consecutive stages of gene expression. The lifecycle of an RNA molecule is controlled by hundreds of proteins that can bind RNA, also known as RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). These proteins recognize landing sites within the RNA and guide the RNA’s transcription from DNA, its processing into a mature messenger RNA, its translation into protein, or its degradation once the RNA is no longer needed. Although we now mechanistically understand how certain RBPs regulate these processes, for many RBP-target interactions the consequences imposed by RNA binding are not well understood. For 143 RBPs with known RNA binding positions, the authors of the current study investigated how RNA molecules responded to fluctuations in the expression levels of these RBPs, across each of 80 human hearts. Using statistical approaches, they could show that many RBPs influenced stages of the RNA lifecycle that they were not known to be involved in. Some RBPs turned out to be true "all-rounders" of RNA metabolism: they controlled the RNA transcript levels of some genes, whereas they influenced the translation rates of others. This unexpected multifunctionality unveiled previously hidden aspects of the everyday RNA-binding protein working life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Schneider-Lunitz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorge Ruiz-Orera
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Hubner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (NH); (SvH)
| | - Sebastiaan van Heesch
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (NH); (SvH)
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41
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Kruse T, Benz C, Garvanska DH, Lindqvist R, Mihalic F, Coscia F, Inturi R, Sayadi A, Simonetti L, Nilsson E, Ali M, Kliche J, Moliner Morro A, Mund A, Andersson E, McInerney G, Mann M, Jemth P, Davey NE, Överby AK, Nilsson J, Ivarsson Y. Large scale discovery of coronavirus-host factor protein interaction motifs reveals SARS-CoV-2 specific mechanisms and vulnerabilities. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6761. [PMID: 34799561 PMCID: PMC8605023 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral proteins make extensive use of short peptide interaction motifs to hijack cellular host factors. However, most current large-scale methods do not identify this important class of protein-protein interactions. Uncovering peptide mediated interactions provides both a molecular understanding of viral interactions with their host and the foundation for developing novel antiviral reagents. Here we describe a viral peptide discovery approach covering 23 coronavirus strains that provides high resolution information on direct virus-host interactions. We identify 269 peptide-based interactions for 18 coronaviruses including a specific interaction between the human G3BP1/2 proteins and an ΦxFG peptide motif in the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein. This interaction supports viral replication and through its ΦxFG motif N rewires the G3BP1/2 interactome to disrupt stress granules. A peptide-based inhibitor disrupting the G3BP1/2-N interaction dampened SARS-CoV-2 infection showing that our results can be directly translated into novel specific antiviral reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kruse
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Benz
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dimitriya H Garvanska
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90186, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Filip Mihalic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabian Coscia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Spatial Proteomics Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raviteja Inturi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Sayadi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leandro Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90186, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Kliche
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ainhoa Moliner Morro
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Mund
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerald McInerney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mann
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Norman E Davey
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Anna K Överby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90186, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ylva Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Somasekharan SP, Gleave M. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein interacts with immunoregulators and stress granules and phase separates to form liquid droplets. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2872-2896. [PMID: 34780058 PMCID: PMC8652540 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current work investigated SARS‐CoV‐2 Nucleocapsid (NCAP or N protein) interactors in A549 human lung cancer cells using a SILAC‐based mass spectrometry approach. NCAP interactors included proteins of the stress granule (SG) machinery and immunoregulators. NCAP showed specific interaction with the SG proteins G3BP1, G3BP2, YTHDF3, USP10 and PKR, and translocated to SGs following oxidative stress and heat shock. Treatment of recombinant NCAP with RNA isolated from A549 cells exposed to oxidative stress‐stimulated NCAP to undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). RNA degradation using RNase A treatment completely blocked the LLPS property of NCAP as well as its SG association. The RNA intercalator mitoxantrone also disrupted NCAP assembly in vitro and in cells. This study provides insight into the biological processes and biophysical properties of the SARS‐CoV‐2 NCAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam Prakash Somasekharan
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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43
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G3BP1 promotes human breast cancer cell proliferation through coordinating with GSK-3β and stabilizing β-catenin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1900-1912. [PMID: 33536604 PMCID: PMC8563869 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase activating SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is a multifunctional binding protein involved in the development of a variety of human cancers. However, the role of G3BP1 in breast cancer progression remains largely unknown. In this study, we report that G3BP1 is upregulated and correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Overexpression of G3BP1 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation by stimulating β-catenin signaling, which upregulates a number of proliferation-related genes. We further show that G3BP1 improves the stability of β-catenin by inhibiting its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation rather than affecting the transcription of β-catenin. Mechanistically, elevated G3BP1 interacts with and inactivates GSK-3β to suppress β-catenin phosphorylation and degradation. Disturbing the G3BP1-GSK-3β interaction accelerates the degradation of β-catenin, impairing the proliferative capacity of breast cancer cells. Our study demonstrates that the regulatory mechanism of the G3BP1/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis may be a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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44
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Kang W, Wang Y, Yang W, Zhang J, Zheng H, Li D. Research Progress on the Structure and Function of G3BP. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718548. [PMID: 34526993 PMCID: PMC8435845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding protein (G3BP) is an RNA binding protein. G3BP is a key component of stress granules (SGs) and can interact with many host proteins to regulate the expression of SGs. As an antiviral factor, G3BP can interact with viral proteins to regulate the assembly of SGs and thus exert antiviral effects. However, many viruses can also use G3BP as a proximal factor and recruit translation initiation factors to promote viral proliferation. G3BP regulates mRNA translation and attenuation to regulate gene expression; therefore, it is closely related to diseases, such as cancer, embryonic death, arteriosclerosis, and neurodevelopmental disorders. This review discusses the important discoveries and developments related G3BP in the biological field over the past 20 years, which includes the formation of SGs, interaction with viruses, stability of RNA, and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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45
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Brown SL, Garrison DJ, May JP. Phase separation of a plant virus movement protein and cellular factors support virus-host interactions. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009622. [PMID: 34543360 PMCID: PMC8483311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Both cellular and viral proteins can undergo phase separation and form membraneless compartments that concentrate biomolecules. The p26 movement protein from single-stranded, positive-sense Pea enation mosaic virus 2 (PEMV2) separates into a dense phase in nucleoli where p26 and related orthologues must interact with fibrillarin (Fib2) as a pre-requisite for systemic virus movement. Using in vitro assays, viral ribonucleoprotein complexes containing p26, Fib2, and PEMV2 genomic RNAs formed droplets that may provide the basis for self-assembly in planta. Mutating basic p26 residues (R/K-G) blocked droplet formation and partitioning into Fib2 droplets or the nucleolus and prevented systemic movement of a Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) vector in Nicotiana benthamiana. Mutating acidic residues (D/E-G) reduced droplet formation in vitro, increased nucleolar retention 6.5-fold, and prevented systemic movement of TMV, thus demonstrating that p26 requires electrostatic interactions for droplet formation and charged residues are critical for nucleolar trafficking and virus movement. p26 readily partitioned into stress granules (SGs), which are membraneless compartments that assemble by clustering of the RNA binding protein G3BP following stress. G3BP is upregulated during PEMV2 infection and over-expression of G3BP restricted PEMV2 RNA accumulation >20-fold. Deletion of the NTF2 domain that is required for G3BP condensation restored PEMV2 RNA accumulation >4-fold, demonstrating that phase separation enhances G3BP antiviral activity. These results indicate that p26 partitions into membraneless compartments with either proviral (Fib2) or antiviral (G3BP) factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L. Brown
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Dana J. Garrison
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jared P. May
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
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46
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Liquid-liquid phase separation in human health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:290. [PMID: 34334791 PMCID: PMC8326283 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) represents a vital and ubiquitous phenomenon underlying the formation of membraneless organelles in eukaryotic cells (also known as biomolecular condensates or droplets). Recent studies have revealed evidences that indicate that LLPS plays a vital role in human health and diseases. In this review, we describe our current understanding of LLPS and summarize its physiological functions. We further describe the role of LLPS in the development of human diseases. Additionally, we review the recently developed methods for studying LLPS. Although LLPS research is in its infancy-but is fast-growing-it is clear that LLPS plays an essential role in the development of pathophysiological conditions. This highlights the need for an overview of the recent advances in the field to translate our current knowledge regarding LLPS into therapeutic discoveries.
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47
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Aviner R, Li KH, Frydman J, Andino R. Cotranslational prolyl hydroxylation is essential for flavivirus biogenesis. Nature 2021; 596:558-564. [PMID: 34408324 PMCID: PMC8789550 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Viral pathogens are an ongoing threat to public health worldwide. Analysing their dependence on host biosynthetic pathways could lead to effective antiviral therapies1. Here we integrate proteomic analyses of polysomes with functional genomics and pharmacological interventions to define how enteroviruses and flaviviruses remodel host polysomes to synthesize viral proteins and disable host protein production. We find that infection with polio, dengue or Zika virus markedly modifies polysome composition, without major changes to core ribosome stoichiometry. These viruses use different strategies to evict a common set of translation initiation and RNA surveillance factors from polysomes while recruiting host machineries that are specifically required for viral biogenesis. Targeting these specialized viral polysomes could provide a new approach for antiviral interventions. For example, we find that both Zika and dengue use the collagen proline hydroxylation machinery to mediate cotranslational modification of conserved proline residues in the viral polyprotein. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of proline hydroxylation impairs nascent viral polyprotein folding and induces its aggregation and degradation. Notably, such interventions prevent viral polysome remodelling and lower virus production. Our findings delineate the modular nature of polysome specialization at the virus-host interface and establish a powerful strategy to identify targets for selective antiviral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranen Aviner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathy H Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Exploring peptide studies related to SARS-CoV to accelerate the development of novel therapeutic and prophylactic solutions against COVID-19. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1106-1119. [PMID: 34280732 PMCID: PMC8253661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in peptide research revolutionized therapeutic discoveries for various infectious diseases. In view of the ongoing threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to develop potential therapeutic options. Intense and accomplishing research is being carried out to develop broad-spectrum vaccines and treatment options for corona viruses, due to the risk of recurrent infection by the existing strains or pandemic outbreaks by new mutant strains. Developing a novel medicine is costly and time consuming, which increases the value of repurposing existing therapies. Since, SARS-CoV-2 shares significant genomic homology with SARS-CoV, we have summarized various peptides identified against SARS-CoV using in silico and molecular studies and also the peptides effective against SARS-CoV-2. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying viral infection could yield fundamental insights in the discovery of new antiviral agents, targeting viral proteins or host factors. We postulate that these peptides can serve as effective components for therapeutic options against SARS-CoV-2, supporting clinical scientists globally in selectively identifying and testing the therapeutic and prophylactic agents for COVID-19 treatment. In addition, we also summarized the latest updates on peptide therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
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Saito A, Shofa M, Ode H, Yumiya M, Hirano J, Okamoto T, Yoshimura SH. How Do Flaviviruses Hijack Host Cell Functions by Phase Separation? Viruses 2021; 13:v13081479. [PMID: 34452345 PMCID: PMC8402827 DOI: 10.3390/v13081479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral proteins interact with different sets of host cell components throughout the viral life cycle and are known to localize to the intracellular membraneless organelles (MLOs) of the host cell, where formation/dissolution is regulated by phase separation of intrinsically disordered proteins and regions (IDPs/IDRs). Viral proteins are rich in IDRs, implying that viruses utilize IDRs to regulate phase separation of the host cell organelles and augment replication by commandeering the functions of the organelles and/or sneaking into the organelles to evade the host immune response. This review aims to integrate current knowledge of the structural properties and intracellular localizations of viral IDPs to understand viral strategies in the host cell. First, the properties of viral IDRs are reviewed and similarities and differences with those of eukaryotes are described. The higher IDR content in viruses with smaller genomes suggests that IDRs are essential characteristics of viral proteins. Then, the interactions of the IDRs of flaviviruses with the MLOs of the host cell are investigated with emphasis on the viral proteins localized in the nucleoli and stress granules. Finally, the possible roles of viral IDRs in regulation of the phase separation of organelles and future possibilities for antiviral drug development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akatsuki Saito
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (T.O.); (S.H.Y.)
| | - Maya Shofa
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ode
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan;
| | - Maho Yumiya
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (M.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Junki Hirano
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (M.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (M.Y.); (J.H.)
- Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (T.O.); (S.H.Y.)
| | - Shige H. Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Plasma Membrane and Nuclear Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (T.O.); (S.H.Y.)
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Chen Z, Wang C, Feng X, Nie L, Tang M, Zhang H, Xiong Y, Swisher SK, Srivastava M, Chen J. Interactomes of SARS-CoV-2 and human coronaviruses reveal host factors potentially affecting pathogenesis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107776. [PMID: 34232536 PMCID: PMC8447597 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021107776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-virus protein-protein interactions play key roles in the life cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We conducted a comprehensive interactome study between the virus and host cells using tandem affinity purification and proximity-labeling strategies and identified 437 human proteins as the high-confidence interacting proteins. Further characterization of these interactions and comparison to other large-scale study of cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection elucidated how distinct SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins participate in its life cycle. With these data mining, we discovered potential drug targets for the treatment of COVID-19. The interactomes of two key SARS-CoV-2-encoded viral proteins, NSP1 and N, were compared with the interactomes of their counterparts in other human coronaviruses. These comparisons not only revealed common host pathways these viruses manipulate for their survival, but also showed divergent protein-protein interactions that may explain differences in disease pathology. This comprehensive interactome of SARS-CoV-2 provides valuable resources for the understanding and treating of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Litong Nie
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mengfan Tang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yun Xiong
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samuel K Swisher
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mrinal Srivastava
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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