1
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Splichal RC, Chen K, Walton SP, Chan C. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Reducing Recombinant Protein Production in Mammalian Cells. Biochem Eng J 2024; 210:109434. [PMID: 39220803 PMCID: PMC11360842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2024.109434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic recombinant protein production relies on industrial scale culture of mammalian cells to produce active proteins in quantities sufficient for clinical use. The combination of stresses from industrial cell culture environment and recombinant protein production can overwhelm the protein synthesis machinery in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This leads to a buildup of improperly folded proteins which induces ER stress. Cells respond to ER stress by activating the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). To restore proteostasis, ER sensor proteins reduce global protein synthesis and increase chaperone protein synthesis, and if that is insufficient the proteins are degraded. If proteostasis is still not restored, apoptosis is initiated. Increasing evidence suggests crosstalk between ER proteostasis and DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways. External factors (e.g., metabolites) from the cellular environment as well as internal factors (e.g., transgene copy number) can impact genome stability. Failure to maintain genome integrity reduces cell viability and in turn protein production. This review focuses on the association between ER stress and processes that affect protein production and secretion. The processes mediated by ER stress, including inhibition of global protein translation, chaperone protein production, degradation of misfolded proteins, DNA repair, and protein secretion, impact recombinant protein production. Recombinant protein production can be reduced by ER stress through increased autophagy and protein degradation, reduced protein secretion, and reduced DDR response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Chauncey Splichal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - S. Patrick Walton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Christina Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Medical Devices, Michigan State University, MI, USA
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2
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Villoch-Fernandez J, Martínez-García N, Martín-López M, Maeso-Alonso L, López-Ferreras L, Vazquez-Jimenez A, Muñoz-Hidalgo L, Garcia-Romero N, Sanchez JM, Fernandez A, Ayuso-Sacido A, Marques MM, Marin MC. A novel TAp73-inhibitory compound counteracts stemness features of glioblastoma stem cells. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39090849 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and fatal type of primary malignant brain tumor for which effective therapeutics are still lacking. GB stem cells, with tumor-initiating and self-renewal capacity, are mostly responsible for GB malignancy, representing a crucial target for therapies. The TP73 gene, which is highly expressed in GB, gives rise to the TAp73 isoform, a pleiotropic protein that regulates neural stem cell biology; however, its role in cancer has been highly controversial. We inactivated TP73 in human GB stem cells and revealed that TAp73 is required for their stemness potential, acting as a regulator of the transcriptional stemness signatures, highlighting TAp73 as a possible therapeutic target. As proof of concept, we identified a novel natural compound with TAp73-inhibitory capacity, which was highly effective against GB stem cells. The treatment reduced GB stem cell-invasion capacity and stem features, at least in part by TAp73 repression. Our data are consistent with a novel paradigm in which hijacking of p73-regulated neurodevelopmental programs, including neural stemness, might sustain tumor progression, pointing out TAp73 as a therapeutic strategy for GB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Martínez-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Spain
| | | | - Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Spain
| | | | - Lisandra Muñoz-Hidalgo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - Noemí Garcia-Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita M Marques
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal y Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Spain
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3
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Liu YC, Bai X, Liao B, Chen XB, Li LH, Liu YH, Hu HJ, Xu K. Activating transcription factor 6 contributes to cisplatin‑induced ototoxicity via regulating the unfolded proteins response. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117025. [PMID: 38941893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
As a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, cisplatin is widely used in the treatment of tumors in various systems. Unfortunately, several serious side effects of cisplatin limit its clinical application, the most common of which are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Studies have shown that cochlear hair cell degeneration is the main cause of cisplatin-induced hearing loss. However, the mechanism of cisplatin-induced hair cell death remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the potential role of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein, on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we observed that cisplatin exposure induced apoptosis of mouse auditory OC-1 cells, accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of ATF6 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). In cell or cochlear culture models, treatment with an ATF6 agonist, an ER homeostasis regulator, significantly ameliorated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Further, our in vivo experiments showed that subcutaneous injection of an ATF6 agonist almost completely prevented outer hair cell loss and significantly alleviated cisplatin-induced auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold elevation in mice. Collectively, our results revealed the underlying mechanism by which activation of ATF6 significantly improved cisplatin-induced hair cell apoptosis, at least in part by inhibiting apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 expression, and demonstrated that pharmacological activation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response is a potential treatment for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Queen Mary school, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bing Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu-Bo Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yue-Hui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Jun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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4
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Benedetti R, Romeo MA, Arena A, Gilardini Montani MS, D’Orazi G, Cirone M. ATF6 supports lysosomal function in tumor cells to enable ER stress-activated macroautophagy and CMA: impact on mutant TP53 expression. Autophagy 2024; 20:1854-1867. [PMID: 38566314 PMCID: PMC11262222 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2338577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which usually protects cancer cells from stress, may be exploited to potentiate the cytotoxic effect of drugs inducing ER stress. However, in this study, we found that ER stress and UPR activation by thapsigargin or tunicamycin promoted the lysosomal degradation of mutant (MUT) TP53 and that the inhibition of the UPR sensor ATF6, but not of ERN1/IRE1 or EIF2AK3/PERK, counteracted such an effect. ATF6 activation was indeed required to sustain the function of lysosomes, enabling the execution of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) as well as of macroautophagy, processes involved in the degradation of MUT TP53 in stressed cancer cells. At the molecular level, by pharmacological and genetic approaches, we demonstrated that the inhibition of ATF6 correlated with the activation of MTOR and with TFEB and LAMP1 downregulation in thapsigargin-treated MUT TP53 carrying cells. We hypothesize that the rescue of MUT TP53 expression by ATF6 inhibition, could further activate MTOR and maintain lysosomal dysfunction, further inhibiting MUT TP53 degradation, in a vicious circle. The findings of this study suggest that the presence of MUT TP53, which often exerts oncogenic properties, should be considered before approaching treatments combining ER stressors with ATF6 inhibitors against cancer cells, while it could represent a promising strategy against cancer cells that harbor WT TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella D’Orazi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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5
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Zhang W, Shi Y, Oyang L, Cui S, Li S, Li J, Liu L, Li Y, Peng M, Tan S, Xia L, Lin J, Xu X, Wu N, Peng Q, Tang Y, Luo X, Liao Q, Jiang X, Zhou Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-a key guardian in cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:343. [PMID: 39080273 PMCID: PMC11289465 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a cellular stress response characterized by excessive contraction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is a pathological hallmark of many diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the unique growth characteristic and varied microenvironment of cancer, high levels of stress are necessary to maintain the rapid proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. This process is closely related to ERS, which enhances the ability of tumor cells to adapt to unfavorable environments and promotes the malignant progression of cancer. In this paper, we review the roles and mechanisms of ERS in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, cellular metabolism, and immune response. We found that ERS can modulate tumor progression via the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling of IRE1, PERK, and ATF6. Targeting the ERS may be a new strategy to attenuate the protective effects of ERS on cancer. This manuscript explores the potential of ERS-targeted therapies, detailing the mechanisms through which ERS influences cancer progression and highlighting experimental and clinical evidence supporting these strategies. Through this review, we aim to deepen our understanding of the role of ER stress in cancer development and provide new insights for cancer therapy.
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Grants
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82302987, 82203233, 82202966, 82173142 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- 2023JJ60469, 2023JJ40413, 2023JJ30372, 2023JJ30375, 2020JJ5336 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
- he Research Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province (202203034978, 202202055318, 202203231032, 202109031837, 202109032010, 20201020), Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023ZJ1122, 2023RC3199, 2023RC1073), Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department (2020TP1018), the Changsha Science and Technology Board (kh2201054), Ascend Foundation of National cancer center (NCC201909B06) and by Hunan Cancer Hospital Climb Plan (ZX2020001-3, YF2020002)
- the Research Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province (202203034978, 202202055318, 202203231032, 202109031837, 202109032010, 20201020), Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023ZJ1122, 2023RC3199, 2023RC1073), Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department (2020TP1018), the Changsha Science and Technology Board (kh2201054), Ascend Foundation of National cancer center (NCC201909B06) and by Hunan Cancer Hospital Climb Plan (ZX2020001-3, YF2020002)
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yidan Shi
- The High School Attached to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Tumor Organoids Technology and Application, Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiwen Cui
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shizhen Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jinyun Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingjing Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuemeng Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Tumor Organoids Technology and Application, Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Tumor Organoids Technology and Application, Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Tumor Organoids Technology and Application, Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xianjie Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Tumor Organoids Technology and Application, Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Tumor Organoids Technology and Application, Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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6
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Nair KA, Liu B. Navigating the landscape of the unfolded protein response in CD8 + T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1427859. [PMID: 39026685 PMCID: PMC11254671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1427859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress occurs due to large amounts of misfolded proteins, hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and more. The unfolded protein is a complex intracellular signaling network designed to operate under this stress. Composed of three individual arms, inositol-requiring enzyme 1, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase, and activating transcription factor-6, the unfolded protein response looks to resolve stress and return to proteostasis. The CD8+ T cell is a critical cell type for the adaptive immune system. The unfolded protein response has been shown to have a wide-ranging spectrum of effects on CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cells undergo cellular stress during activation and due to environmental insults. However, the magnitude of the effects this response has on CD8+ T cells is still understudied. Thus, studying these pathways is important to unraveling the inner machinations of these powerful cells. In this review, we will highlight the recent literature in this field, summarize the three pathways of the unfolded protein response, and discuss their roles in CD8+ T cell biology and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Alan Nair
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bei Liu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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7
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Chen L, Kong X, Johnston KG, Mortazavi A, Holmes TC, Tan Z, Yokomori K, Xu X. Single-cell spatial transcriptomics reveals a dystrophic trajectory following a developmental bifurcation of myoblast cell fates in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Genome Res 2024; 34:665-679. [PMID: 38777608 PMCID: PMC11216401 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278717.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is linked to abnormal derepression of the transcription activator DUX4. This effect is localized to a low percentage of cells, requiring single-cell analysis. However, single-cell/nucleus RNA-seq cannot fully capture the transcriptome of multinucleated large myotubes. To circumvent these issues, we use multiplexed error-robust fluorescent in situ hybridization (MERFISH) spatial transcriptomics that allows profiling of RNA transcripts at a subcellular resolution. We simultaneously examined spatial distributions of 140 genes, including 24 direct DUX4 targets, in in vitro differentiated myotubes and unfused mononuclear cells (MNCs) of control, isogenic D4Z4 contraction mutant and FSHD patient samples, as well as the individual nuclei within them. We find myocyte nuclei segregate into two clusters defined by the expression of DUX4 target genes, which is exclusively found in patient/mutant nuclei, whereas MNCs cluster based on developmental states. Patient/mutant myotubes are found in "FSHD-hi" and "FSHD-lo" states with the former signified by high DUX4 target expression and decreased muscle gene expression. Pseudotime analyses reveal a clear bifurcation of myoblast differentiation into control and FSHD-hi myotube branches, with variable numbers of DUX4 target-expressing nuclei found in multinucleated FSHD-hi myotubes. Gene coexpression modules related to extracellular matrix and stress gene ontologies are significantly altered in patient/mutant myotubes compared with the control. We also identify distinct subpathways within the DUX4 gene network that may differentially contribute to the disease transcriptomic phenotype. Taken together, our MERFISH-based study provides effective gene network profiling of multinucleated cells and identifies FSHD-induced transcriptomic alterations during myoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Xiangduo Kong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Kevin G Johnston
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Todd C Holmes
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Zhiqun Tan
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA;
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Kyoko Yokomori
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA;
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA;
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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8
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Lee PWT, Koseki LR, Haitani T, Harada H, Kobayashi M. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms Underlying Chemoresistance of Hypoxic Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1729. [PMID: 38730681 PMCID: PMC11083728 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In hypoxic regions of malignant solid tumors, cancer cells acquire resistance to conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, causing poor prognosis in patients with cancer. It is widely recognized that some of the key genes behind this are hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, e.g., hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Since HIF-1 activity is suppressed by two representative 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs), PHDs (prolyl-4-hydroxylases), and FIH-1 (factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1), the inactivation of 2-OGDD has been associated with cancer therapy resistance by the activation of HIF-1. Recent studies have also revealed the importance of hypoxia-responsive mechanisms independent of HIF-1 and its isoforms (collectively, HIFs). In this article, we collate the accumulated knowledge of HIF-1-dependent and independent mechanisms responsible for resistance of hypoxic cancer cells to anticancer drugs and briefly discuss the interplay between hypoxia responses, like EMT and UPR, and chemoresistance. In addition, we introduce a novel HIF-independent mechanism, which is epigenetically mediated by an acetylated histone reader protein, ATAD2, which we recently clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wai Tik Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan (L.R.K.)
| | - Lina Rochelle Koseki
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan (L.R.K.)
| | - Takao Haitani
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan (L.R.K.)
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan (L.R.K.)
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan (L.R.K.)
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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9
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Wadgaonkar P, Wang Z, Chen F. Endoplasmic reticulum stress responses and epigenetic alterations in arsenic carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123565. [PMID: 38373625 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known human carcinogen whose environmental exposure via drinking water, food, and air impacts millions of people across the globe. Various mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis have been identified, ranging from damage caused by excessive production of free radicals and epigenetic alterations to the generation of cancer stem cells. A growing body of evidence supports the critical involvement of the endoplasmic stress-activated unfolded protein response (UPR) in promoting as well as suppressing cancer development/progression. Various in vitro and in vivo models have also demonstrated that arsenic induces the UPR via activation of the PERK, IRE1α, and ATF6 proteins. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of arsenic-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and the role of each UPR pathway in the various cancer types with a focus on the epigenetic regulation and function of the ATF6 protein. The importance of UPR in arsenic carcinogenesis and cancer stem cells is a relatively new area of research that requires additional investigations via various omics-based and computational tools. These approaches will provide interesting insights into the mechanisms of arsenic-induced cancers for prospective target identification and development of novel anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Wadgaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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10
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Niu X, Shen Y, Wen Y, Mi X, Xie J, Zhang Y, Ding Z. KTN1 mediated unfolded protein response protects keratinocytes from ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 114:24-33. [PMID: 38448340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unfolded protein response (UPR) is one of the cytoprotective mechanisms against various stresses and essential for the normal function of skin. Skin injury caused by ionizing radiation (IR) is a common side effect of radiotherapy and it is unclear how UPR affects IR-induced skin injury. OBJECTIVES To verify the effect of UPR on IR-induced DNA damage in keratinocytes and the relation between an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein KTN1 and UPR. METHODS All experiments were performed on keratinocytes models: HaCaT and HEK-A. ER lumen and the expression levels of KTN1 and UPR pathway proteins (PERK, IRE1α and ATF6) were examined by transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting, respectively. 4-PBA, an UPR inhibitor, was used to detected its effects on DNA damage and cell proliferation. Subsequently, the effects of KTN1 deletion on UPR, DNA damage and cell proliferation after IR were detected. Tunicamycin was used to reactivate UPR and then we examined its effects on DNA damage. RESULTS UPR was activated by IR in keratinocytes. Inhibition of UPR aggravated DNA damage and suppressed cell proliferation after IR. KTN1 expression was upregulated by IR and KTN1 depletion reduced ER expansion and the expression of UPR-related proteins. Moreover, KTN1 depletion aggravated DNA damage and suppressed cell proliferation after IR could reversed by reactivation of UPR. CONCLUSION KTN1 deletion aggravates IR-induced keratinocyte DNA damage via inhibiting UPR. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of keratinocytes in response to IR-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Niu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhan Wen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Mi
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Ding
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Zhu X, Chen X, Shen X, Liu Y, Fu W, Wang B, Zhao L, Yang F, Mo N, Zhong G, Jiang S, Yang Z. PP4R1 accelerates the malignant progression of NSCLC via up-regulating HSPA6 expression and HSPA6-mediated ER stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119588. [PMID: 37739270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) plays an indispensable regulatory part in the development and malignant progression of multifarious tumors. Nevertheless, the function of protein phosphatase 4 regulatory subunit 1 (PP4R1), a vital regulatory subunit of PP4, in tumors especially in lung cancer remains blurred. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of PP4R1 in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analyzed the clinical correlation of PP4R1 based on the TCGA database by UALCAN (https://ualcan.path.uab.edu/index.html) and found that hyper-expression of PP4R1 mRNA was related to the severe prognosis in NSCLC. The subsequent cellular experiments confirmed that the proliferation, colony growth, migration as well as invasion of H1299 and HCC827 were significantly enhanced after PP4R1 overexpression treatment in vitro. Results from animal experiments pointed out that tumors exhibited stronger growth and lung metastatic capacities due to the overexpression of PP4R1. The bioinformatics analysis, including RNA-seq, showed us that PP4R1 significantly promoted the expression of several HSP70 family member genes, with a particularly marked increase in HSPA6, and the enrichment analyses illustrated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in those pathways related to protein folding. More importantly, the overexpression of HSPA6 resulted in the same malignant progression of NSCLC as PP4R1 overexpression, and both concomitant with the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In aggregate, PP4R1 contributed to the malignant progression of NSCLC via up-regulating HSPA6 expression and then activating ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunxia Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyong Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuzhi Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nianping Mo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyao Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Zhang F, Chen M, Liu X, Ji X, Li S, Jin E. New insights into the unfolded protein response (UPR)-anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) pathway in the regulation of intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:225-232. [PMID: 38033605 PMCID: PMC10685161 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Sustained dysfunction of the intestinal barrier caused by early weaning is a major factor that induces postweaning diarrhea in weaned piglets. In both healthy and diseased states, the intestinal barrier is regulated by goblet cells. Alterations in the characteristics of goblet cells are linked to intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammatory conditions during pathogenic infections. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) in maintaining intestinal barrier function and how modifications to these systems affect mucus barrier characteristics and goblet cell dysregulation. We highlight a novel mechanism underlying the UPR-AGR2 pathway, which affects goblet cell differentiation and maturation and the synthesis and secretion of mucin by regulating epidermal growth factor receptor and mucin 2. This study provides a theoretical basis and new insights into the regulation of intestinal health in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation and Health, Chuzhou, China
| | - Mengxian Chen
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xu Ji
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shenghe Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation and Health, Chuzhou, China
| | - Erhui Jin
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation and Health, Chuzhou, China
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13
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Feng T, Zhao R, Zhang H, Sun F, Hu J, Wang M, Qi M, Liu L, Gao L, Xiao Y, Zhen J, Chen W, Wang L, Han B. Reciprocal negative feedback regulation of ATF6α and PTEN promotes prostate cancer progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:292. [PMID: 37715829 PMCID: PMC11073217 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss tightly correlates with prostate cancer (PCa) progression and metastasis. Inactivation of PTEN leads to abnormal activation of PI3K/AKT pathway. However, results from clinical trials with AKT inhibitors in PCa have been largely disappointing. Identification of novel regulators of PTEN in PTEN-dysfunctional PCa is urgently needed. Here we demonstrated that the expression level of PTEN is inversely correlated with the signature score of unfolded protein response (UPR) in PCa. Importantly, PTEN suppresses the activity of ATF6α, via interacting to de-phosphorylate ATF6α and consequently inhibiting its nuclear translocation. Conversely, ATF6α promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of PTEN by inducing CHIP expression. Thus, ATF6α and PTEN forms a negative feedback loop during PCa progression. Combination of ATF6α inhibitor with AKT inhibitor suppresses tumor cell proliferation and xenograft growth. Importantly, this study highlighted ATF6α as a therapeutic vulnerability in PTEN dysfunctional PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ru Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yabo Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Biomedical Sciences College and Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Key Lab for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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14
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Yang X, Guo J, Li W, Li C, Zhu X, Liu Y, Wu X. PPM1H is down-regulated by ATF6 and dephosphorylates p-RPS6KB1 to inhibit progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:164-179. [PMID: 37456776 PMCID: PMC10345229 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We have shown previously that polymorphism of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is associated with susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, genes down-regulated by ATF6 might play a tumor-suppressing role. In the present study, we identified that expression of protein phosphatase magnesium- or manganous-dependent 1H (PPM1H) mRNA and protein can be inhibited by ATF6 in hepatoma cells and mice with liver Atf6 knockdown. Tumor tissues from 134 HCC patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and PPM1H exhibited higher expression levels in adjacent para-cancer tissues than in HCC tissues. Therefore, patients with higher expression of PPM1H had a better prognosis. PPM1H inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatoma cells. In addition, PPM1H inhibited induced HCC nodule formation as well as tumor xenograft growth in diethylnitrosamine/CCl4-induced HCC mouse model and nude mouse tumorigenicity assay, respectively. A 3D model of PPM1H was obtained by homology multi-template modeling, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 (RPS6KB1) in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway was screened out as the potential substrate of PPM1H by Rosetta. PPM1H could directly dephosphorylate p-RPS6KB1. To conclude, we discovered RPS6KB1 as a new PPM1H dephosphorylation substrate. PPM1H exhibited a suppressive effect on HCC progression by dephosphorylating p-RPS6KB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Jianting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Chunrui Li
- Beijing Cloud Computing Key Technique and Application Key Laboratory, Beijing Computing Center, Beijing 100094, P.R. China
| | - Xilin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
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15
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Li B, Yang H, Wu H, Wang H, Ye Z, Wu Y, Chen Y, Tang H. Hydroquinone-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress affects TK6 cell autophagy and apoptosis via ATF6-mTOR. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37148176 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydroquinone (HQ), one of the main active metabolites of benzene in vivo, 7is commonly used as a surrogate for benzene in in vitro studies and has been shown to be cytotoxic. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in HQ-induced autophagy and apoptosis in human lymphoblastoid cells (TK6) and how activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6) is involved. We treated TK6 cells with HQ to establish a cytotoxicity model and found that HQ induced cellular ERS, autophagy and apoptosis by Western blot, flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, inhibition of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ERS inhibited cellular autophagy and apoptosis, suggesting that ERS may be induced by ROS, which in turn affects autophagy and apoptosis. Our study also found that HQ could inhibit ATF6 expression and mTOR activation. Knockdown of ATF6 enhanced autophagy and apoptosis levels and further inhibited mTOR activation; activation of ATF6 by AA147 enhanced cellular activity, suggesting that ATF6 may affect cellular autophagy and apoptosis through mTOR. In conclusion, our data suggest that ROS mediated ERS may promote autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting ATF6-mTOR pathway after HQ treatment of TK6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxin Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haipeng Wu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhongming Ye
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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16
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054914. [PMID: 36902344 PMCID: PMC10003093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle exerting crucial functions in protein production, metabolism homeostasis and cell signaling. Endoplasmic reticulum stress occurs when cells are damaged and the capacity of this organelle to perform its normal functions is reduced. Subsequently, specific signaling cascades, together forming the so-called unfolded protein response, are activated and deeply impact cell fate. In normal renal cells, these molecular pathways strive to either resolve cell injury or activate cell death, depending on the extent of cell damage. Therefore, the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway was suggested as an interesting therapeutic strategy for pathologies such as cancer. However, renal cancer cells are known to hijack these stress mechanisms and exploit them to their advantage in order to promote their survival through rewiring of their metabolism, activation of oxidative stress responses, autophagy, inhibition of apoptosis and senescence. Recent data strongly suggest that a certain threshold of endoplasmic reticulum stress activation needs to be attained in cancer cells in order to shift endoplasmic reticulum stress responses from a pro-survival to a pro-apoptotic outcome. Several endoplasmic reticulum stress pharmacological modulators of interest for therapeutic purposes are already available, but only a handful were tested in the case of renal carcinoma, and their effects in an in vivo setting remain poorly known. This review discusses the relevance of endoplasmic reticulum stress activation or suppression in renal cancer cell progression and the therapeutic potential of targeting this cellular process for this cancer.
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Arena A, Romeo MA, Benedetti R, Gilardini Montani MS, Cirone M. JQ-1/bortezomib combination strongly impairs MM and PEL survival by inhibiting c-Myc and mTOR despite the activation of prosurvival mechanisms. Exp Hematol 2023; 119-120:28-41. [PMID: 36623719 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) are two aggressive hematologic cancers against which bortezomib and JQ-1, proteasome and bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitors, respectively, have been shown to have a certain success. However, the combination of both seems to be more promising than the single treatments against several cancers, including MM. Indeed, in the latter, proteasome inhibition upregulated nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), and such a prosurvival effect was counteracted by BET inhibitors. In the present study, we found that JQ-1/bortezomib induced a strong cytotoxic effect against PEL and discovered new insights into the cytotoxic mechanisms induced by such a drug combination in PEL and MM cells. In particular, a stronger c-Myc downregulation, leading to increased DNA damage, was observed in these cells after treatment with JQ-1/bortezomib than after treatment with the single drugs. Such an effect contributed to mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (p-4EBP1) axis inhibition, also occurring through c-Myc downregulation. However, besides the prodeath effects, JQ-1/bortezomib activated unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy as prosurvival mechanisms. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that JQ-1/bortezomib combination could be a promising treatment for MM and PEL, unveiling new molecular mechanisms underlying its cytotoxic effect, and suggested that UPR and autophagy inhibition could be exploited to further potentiate the cytotoxicity of JQ-1/bortezomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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ATF4 Transcriptionally Activates SHH to Promote Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration of Gastric Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051429. [PMID: 36900220 PMCID: PMC10000907 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a DNA-binding protein widely generated in mammals, which has two biological characteristics that bind the cAMP response element (CRE). The mechanism of ATF4 as a transcription factor in gastric cancer affecting the Hedgehog pathway remains unclear. Here, we observed that ATF4 was markedly upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assays in 80 paraffin-embedded GC samples and 4 fresh samples and para-cancerous tissues. ATF4 knockdown using lentiviral vectors strongly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of GC cells. ATF4 upregulation using lentiviral vectors promoted the proliferation and invasion of GC cells. We predicted that the transcription factor ATF4 is bound to the SHH promoter via the JASPA database. Transcription factor ATF4 is bound to the promoter region of SHH to activate the Sonic Hedgehog pathway. Mechanistically, rescue assays showed that ATF4 regulated gastric cancer cells' proliferation and invasive ability through SHH. Similarly, ATF4 enhanced the tumor formation of GC cells in a xenograft model.
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Concomitant Inhibition of IRE1α/XBP1 Axis of UPR and PARP: A Promising Therapeutic Approach against c-Myc and Gammaherpesvirus-Driven B-Cell Lymphomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169113. [PMID: 36012375 PMCID: PMC9409055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is emerging that targeting the adaptive functions of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) may represent a promising anti-cancer therapeutic approach. This is particularly relevant for B-cell lymphomas, characterized by a high level of constitutive stress due to high c-Myc expression. In this study, we found that IRE1α/XBP1 axis inhibition exerted a stronger cytotoxic effect compared to the inhibition of the other two UPR sensors, namely PERK and ATF6, in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells, in correlation with c-Myc downregulation. Interestingly, such an effect was more evident in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative BL cells or those cells expressing type I latency compared to type III latency BL cells. The other interesting finding of this study was that the inhibition of IRE1α/XBP1 downregulated BRCA-1 and RAD51 and potentiated the cytotoxicity of PARP inhibitor AZD2661 against BL cells and also against Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL), another aggressive B-cell lymphoma driven by c-Myc and associated with gammaherpesvirus infection. These results suggest that combining the inhibition of UPR sensors, particularly IRE1α/XBP1 axis, and molecules involved in DDR, such as PARP, could offer a new therapeutic opportunity for treating aggressive B-cell lymphomas such as BL and PEL.
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