1
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Ramakrishnan P. O-GlcNAcylation and immune cell signaling: A review of known and a preview of unknown. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107349. [PMID: 38718861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamic and reversible modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins by O-GlcNAcylation significantly impacts the function and dysfunction of the immune system. O-GlcNAcylation plays crucial roles under both physiological and pathological conditions in the biochemical regulation of all immune cell functions. Three and a half decades of knowledge acquired in this field is merely sufficient to perceive that what we know is just the prelude. This review attempts to mark out the known regulatory roles of O-GlcNAcylation in key signal transduction pathways and specific protein functions in the immune system and adumbrate ensuing questions toward the unknown functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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2
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Hinshaw DC, Patel M, Shevde LA. A Metabolic Axis of Immune Intractability. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:282-286. [PMID: 38126910 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells in the tumor niche robustly influence disease progression. Remarkably, in cancer, developmental pathways are reenacted. Many parallels between immune regulation of embryonic development and immune regulation of tumor progression can be drawn, with evidence clearly supporting an immune-suppressive microenvironment in both situations. In these ecosystems, metabolic and bioenergetic circuits guide and regulate immune cell differentiation, plasticity, and functional properties of suppressive and inflammatory immune subsets. As such, there is an emerging pattern of intersection across the dynamic process of ontogeny and the ever-evolving tumor neighborhood. In this article, we focus on the convergence of immune programming during ontogeny and in the tumor microenvironment. Exemplifying dysregulation of Hedgehog (Hh) activity, a key player during ontogeny, we highlight a critical convergence of these fields and the metabolic axis of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) that integrates glucose, glutamine, amino acids, acetyl CoA, and uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP), culminating in the synthesis of UDP-GlcNAc, a metabolite that functions as a metabolic and bioenergetic sensor. We discuss an emerging pattern of immune regulation, orchestrated by O-GlcNAcylation of key transcriptional regulators, spurring suppressive activity of dysfunctional immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique C Hinshaw
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Meet Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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3
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Forsyth KS, Jiwrajka N, Lovell CD, Toothacre NE, Anguera MC. The conneXion between sex and immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-00996-9. [PMID: 38383754 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-00996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
There are notable sex-based differences in immune responses to pathogens and self-antigens, with female individuals exhibiting increased susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases, and male individuals displaying preferential susceptibility to some viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections. Although sex hormones clearly contribute to sex differences in immune cell composition and function, the presence of two X chromosomes in female individuals suggests that differential gene expression of numerous X chromosome-linked immune-related genes may also influence sex-biased innate and adaptive immune cell function in health and disease. Here, we review the sex differences in immune system composition and function, examining how hormones and genetics influence the immune system. We focus on the genetic and epigenetic contributions responsible for altered X chromosome-linked gene expression, and how this impacts sex-biased immune responses in the context of pathogen infection and systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Forsyth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nikhil Jiwrajka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie E Toothacre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Montserrat C Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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4
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Cai H, Xiong W, Zhu H, Wang Q, Liu S, Lu Z. Protein O-GlcNAcylation in multiple immune cells and its therapeutic potential. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209970. [PMID: 37675125 PMCID: PMC10477433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that involves the addition of O-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins, catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). This modification is highly dynamic and can be reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). O-GlcNAcylation is widespread in the immune system, which engages in multiple physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. There is substantial evidence indicating that both the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and O-GlcNAcylation are critically involved in regulating immune cell function. However, the precise role of O-GlcNAcylation in the immune system needs to be adequately elucidated. This review offers a thorough synopsis of the present research on protein O-GlcNAcylation, accentuating the molecular mechanisms that control immune cells' growth, maturation, and performance via this PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoyan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Wu HF, Huang CW, Art J, Liu HX, Hart GW, Zeltner N. O-GlcNAcylation is crucial for sympathetic neuron development, maintenance, functionality and contributes to peripheral neuropathy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1137847. [PMID: 37229433 PMCID: PMC10203903 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1137847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that regulates a wide range of cellular functions and has been associated with multiple metabolic diseases in various organs. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is the efferent portion of the autonomic nervous system that regulates metabolism of almost all organs in the body. How much the development and functionality of the SNS are influenced by O-GlcNAcylation, as well as how such regulation could contribute to sympathetic neuron (symN)-related neuropathy in diseased states, remains unknown. Here, we assessed the level of protein O-GlcNAcylation at various stages of symN development, using a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based symN differentiation paradigm. We found that pharmacological disruption of O-GlcNAcylation impaired both the growth and survival of hPSC-derived symNs. In the high glucose condition that mimics hyperglycemia, hPSC-derived symNs were hyperactive, and their regenerative capacity was impaired, which resembled typical neuronal defects in patients and animal models of diabetes mellitus. Using this model of sympathetic neuropathy, we discovered that O-GlcNAcylation increased in symNs under high glucose, which lead to hyperactivity. Pharmacological inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation rescued high glucose-induced symN hyperactivity and cell stress. This framework provides the first insight into the roles of O-GlcNAcylation in both healthy and diseased human symNs and may be used as a platform for therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fu Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer Art
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Biomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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6
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Paneque A, Fortus H, Zheng J, Werlen G, Jacinto E. The Hexosamine Biosynthesis Pathway: Regulation and Function. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040933. [PMID: 37107691 PMCID: PMC10138107 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) produces uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl glucosamine, UDP-GlcNAc, which is a key metabolite that is used for N- or O-linked glycosylation, a co- or post-translational modification, respectively, that modulates protein activity and expression. The production of hexosamines can occur via de novo or salvage mechanisms that are catalyzed by metabolic enzymes. Nutrients including glutamine, glucose, acetyl-CoA, and UTP are utilized by the HBP. Together with availability of these nutrients, signaling molecules that respond to environmental signals, such as mTOR, AMPK, and stress-regulated transcription factors, modulate the HBP. This review discusses the regulation of GFAT, the key enzyme of the de novo HBP, as well as other metabolic enzymes that catalyze the reactions to produce UDP-GlcNAc. We also examine the contribution of the salvage mechanisms in the HBP and how dietary supplementation of the salvage metabolites glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine could reprogram metabolism and have therapeutic potential. We elaborate on how UDP-GlcNAc is utilized for N-glycosylation of membrane and secretory proteins and how the HBP is reprogrammed during nutrient fluctuations to maintain proteostasis. We also consider how O-GlcNAcylation is coupled to nutrient availability and how this modification modulates cell signaling. We summarize how deregulation of protein N-glycosylation and O-GlcNAcylation can lead to diseases including cancer, diabetes, immunodeficiencies, and congenital disorders of glycosylation. We review the current pharmacological strategies to inhibit GFAT and other enzymes involved in the HBP or glycosylation and how engineered prodrugs could have better therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of diseases related to HBP deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysta Paneque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Harvey Fortus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Julia Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Guy Werlen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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7
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Sun X, Chen F, Zhang L, Liu D. A gene-encoded FRET fluorescent sensor designed for detecting asymmetric dimethylation levels in vitro and in living cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1411-1420. [PMID: 36759390 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Arginine methylation is involved in many important biological processes. PRMT1 is a major arginine methyltransferase in mammalian cells and is highly conserved in eukaryotes. It catalyzes the methylation of various of substrates, including histones, and PRMT1 has been reported to be overexpressed in many cancers, indicating that it is a potential therapeutic target. No tool for efficient methylation level detection in living cells has been available to date. In this work, we designed and constructed a gene-encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) fluorescent sensor for detecting dimethylation levels in living cells and evaluated its functional efficiency both in vitro and in living cells. Both site-directed mutagenesis and PRMT1 inhibition experiments verified that the fluorescent sensor responded to changes in PRMT1 activity and to different PRMT1-induced methylation levels in vitro. Finally, we verified that this optimized methyl sensor responded sensitively to changes in methylation levels in living cells by overexpressing and inhibiting PRMT1, which makes it a useful tool for real-time imaging of arginine methylation. As a new tool for detecting arginine dimethylation levels in living cells, the designed FRET sensor is very important for posttranslational studies and may show a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
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8
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Matsuno M, Yokoe S, Nagatsuka T, Morihara H, Moriwaki K, Asahi M. O-GlcNAcylation-induced GSK-3β activation deteriorates pressure overload-induced heart failure via lack of compensatory cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1122125. [PMID: 37033243 PMCID: PMC10073727 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1122125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) modulates many functions of proteins via O-GlcNAcylation that adds O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to the serine/threonine residues of proteins. However, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in cardiac remodeling and function is not fully understood. To examine the effect of O-GlcNAcylation on pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and subsequent heart failure, transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed in wild type (WT) and Ogt transgenic (Ogt-Tg) mice. Four weeks after TAC (TAC4W), the heart function of Ogt-Tg mice was significantly lower than that of WT mice (reduced fractional shortening and increased ANP levels). The myocardium of left ventricle (LV) in Ogt-Tg mice became much thinner than that in WT mice. Moreover, compared to the heart tissues of WT mice, O-GlcNAcylation of GSK-3β at Ser9 was increased and phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9 was reduced in the heart tissues of Ogt-Tg mice, resulting in its activation and subsequent inactivation of nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) activity. Finally, the thinned LV wall and reduced cardiac function induced by TAC4W in Ogt-Tg mice was reversed by the treatment of a GSK-3β inhibitor, TDZD-8. These results imply that augmented O-GlcNAcylation exacerbates pressure overload-induced heart failure due to a lack of compensatory cardiac hypertrophy via O-GlcNAcylation of GSK-3β, which deprives the phosphorylation site of GSK-3β to constantly inactivate NFAT activity to prevent cardiac hypertrophy. Our findings may provide a new therapeutic strategy for cardiac hypertrophy and subsequent heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahito Matsuno
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yokoe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Nagatsuka
- Center for Medical Research & Development, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Morihara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Moriwaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Asahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Michio Asahi,
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9
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Luanpitpong S, Rodboon N, Samart P, Janan M, Klaihmon P, Lorthongpanich C, U-Pratya Y, Issaragrisil S. Inhibition of O-GlcNAcase Inhibits Hematopoietic and Leukemic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Drives Dendritic Cell Differentiation via STAT3/5 Signaling. Stem Cells 2022; 40:1078-1093. [PMID: 36124999 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation blockage at immature and self-renewing stages is a common hallmark across all subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), despite their genetic heterogeneity. Metabolic state is an important regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation as well as several aggressive cancers. However, how O-GlcNAcylation, a nutrient-sensitive posttranslational modification of proteins, contributes to both normal myelopoiesis and AML pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Using small molecule inhibitors and the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we reveal for the first time that inhibition of either OGA or OGT, which subsequently caused an increase or decrease in cellular O-GlcNAcylation, inhibits the self-renewal and maintenance of CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and leukemic stem/progenitor cells and drives normal and malignant myeloid differentiation. We further unveiled the distinct roles of OGA and OGT inhibition in lineage-specific differentiation. While OGT inhibition induces macrophage differentiation, OGA inhibition promotes the differentiation of both CD34+ HSPCs and AML cells into dendritic cells (DCs), in agreement with an upregulation of a multitude of genes involved in DC development and function and their ability to induce T-cell proliferation, via STAT3/5 signaling. Our novel findings provide significant basic knowledge that could be important in understanding AML pathogenesis and overcoming differentiation blockage-agnostic to the genetic background of AML. Additionally, the parallel findings in normal HSPCs may lay the groundwork for future cellular therapy as a means to improve the ex vivo differentiation of normal DCs and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudjit Luanpitpong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napachai Rodboon
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parinya Samart
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Montira Janan
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phatchanat Klaihmon
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanchao Lorthongpanich
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yaowalak U-Pratya
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surapol Issaragrisil
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Bangkok Hematology Center, Wattanosoth Hospital, BDMS Center of Excellence for Cancer, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Ma X, Ru Y, Luo Y, Kuai L, Chen QL, Bai Y, Liu YQ, Chen J, Luo Y, Song JK, Zhou M, Li B. Post-Translational Modifications in Atopic Dermatitis: Current Research and Clinical Relevance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942838. [PMID: 35874824 PMCID: PMC9301047 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing cutaneous disorder characterized by compromised immune system, excessive inflammation, and skin barrier disruption. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are covalent and enzymatic modifications of proteins after their translation, which have been reported to play roles in inflammatory and allergic diseases. However, less attention has been paid to the effect of PTMs on AD. This review summarized the knowledge of six major classes (including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, o-glycosylation, and glycation) of PTMs in AD pathogenesis and discussed the opportunities for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Long Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Qiang Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Kun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mi Zhou, ; Bin Li,
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mi Zhou, ; Bin Li,
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11
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Ouyang M, Yu C, Deng X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Duan F. O-GlcNAcylation and Its Role in Cancer-Associated Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:861559. [PMID: 35432358 PMCID: PMC9010872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells, as well as surrounding stromal and inflammatory cells, form an inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote all stages of carcinogenesis. As an emerging post-translational modification (PTM) of serine and threonine residues of proteins, O-linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) regulates diverse cancer-relevant processes, such as signal transduction, transcription, cell division, metabolism and cytoskeletal regulation. Recent studies suggest that O-GlcNAcylation regulates the development, maturation and functions of immune cells. However, the role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in cancer-associated inflammation has been less explored. This review summarizes the current understanding of the influence of protein O-GlcNAcylation on cancer-associated inflammation and the mechanisms whereby O-GlcNAc-mediated inflammation regulates tumor progression. This will provide a theoretical basis for further development of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changmeng Yu
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaolian Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangfang Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fangfang Duan,
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12
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dos Passos Junior RR, Bomfim GF, Giachini FR, Tostes RC, Lima VV. O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification: Linking Hypertension and the Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852115. [PMID: 35371030 PMCID: PMC8967968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins dynamically regulates protein function, localization, stability, and interactions. This post-translational modification is intimately linked to cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. An increasing number of studies suggest that components of innate and adaptive immunity, active players in the pathophysiology of hypertension, are targets for O-GlcNAcylation. In this review, we highlight the potential roles of O-GlcNAcylation in the immune system and discuss how those immune targets of O-GlcNAcylation may contribute to arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Rodrigues dos Passos Junior
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda R. Giachini
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Victor Vitorino Lima
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Victor Vitorino Lima,
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13
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Merlo LM, Peng W, DuHadaway JB, Montgomery JD, Prendergast GC, Muller AJ, Mandik-Nayak L. The Immunomodulatory Enzyme IDO2 Mediates Autoimmune Arthritis through a Nonenzymatic Mechanism. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:571-581. [PMID: 34965962 PMCID: PMC8770583 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
IDO2 is one of two closely related tryptophan catabolizing enzymes induced under inflammatory conditions. In contrast to the immunoregulatory role defined for IDO1 in cancer models, IDO2 has a proinflammatory function in models of autoimmunity and contact hypersensitivity. In humans, two common single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified that severely impair IDO2 enzymatic function, such that <25% of individuals express IDO2 with full catalytic potential. This, together with IDO2's relatively weak enzymatic activity, suggests that IDO2 may have a role outside of its function in tryptophan catabolism. To determine whether the enzymatic activity of IDO2 is required for its proinflammatory function, we used newly generated catalytically inactive IDO2 knock-in mice together with established models of contact hypersensitivity and autoimmune arthritis. Contact hypersensitivity was attenuated in catalytically inactive IDO2 knock-in mice. In contrast, induction of autoimmune arthritis was unaffected by the absence of IDO2 enzymatic activity. In pursuing this nonenzymatic IDO2 function, we identified GAPDH, Runx1, RANbp10, and Mgea5 as IDO2-binding proteins that do not interact with IDO1, implicating them as potential mediators of IDO2-specific function. Taken together, our findings identify a novel function for IDO2, independent of its tryptophan catabolizing activity, and suggest that this nonenzymatic function could involve multiple signaling pathways. These data show that the enzymatic activity of IDO2 is required only for some inflammatory immune responses and provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence of a nonenzymatic role for IDO2 in mediating autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weidan Peng
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA
| | | | | | - George C. Prendergast
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA,Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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14
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O-GlcNAcylation regulation of cellular signaling in cancer. Cell Signal 2022; 90:110201. [PMID: 34800629 PMCID: PMC8712408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification occurring on serine/threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, mediated by the enzymes OGT and OGA which catalyze the addition or removal of the UDP-GlcNAc moieties, respectively. Structural changes brought by this modification lead to alternations of protein stability, protein-protein interactions, and phosphorylation. Importantly, O-GlcNAcylation is a nutrient sensor by coupling nutrient sensing with cellular signaling. Elevated levels of OGT and O-GlcNAc have been reported in a variety of cancers and has been linked to regulation of multiple cancer signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings on the role of O-GlcNAcylation as a metabolic sensor in signaling pathways and immune response in cancer.
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15
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Mannino MP, Hart GW. The Beginner’s Guide to O-GlcNAc: From Nutrient Sensitive Pathway Regulation to Its Impact on the Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:828648. [PMID: 35173739 PMCID: PMC8841346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.828648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) on the hydroxy group of serine/threonine residues is known as O-GlcNAcylation (OGN). The dynamic cycling of this monosaccharide on and off substrates occurs via O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminase (OGA) respectively. These enzymes are found ubiquitously in eukaryotes and genetic knock outs of the ogt gene has been found to be lethal in embryonic mice. The substrate scope of these enzymes is vast, over 15,000 proteins across 43 species have been identified with O-GlcNAc. OGN has been known to play a key role in several cellular processes such as: transcription, translation, cell signaling, nutrient sensing, immune cell development and various steps of the cell cycle. However, its dysregulation is present in various diseases: cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes. O-GlcNAc is heavily involved in cross talk with other post-translational modifications (PTM), such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, by regulating each other’s cycling enzymes or directly competing addition on the same substrate. This crosstalk between PTMs can affect gene expression, protein localization, and protein stability; therefore, regulating a multitude of cell signaling pathways. In this review the roles of OGN will be discussed. The effect O-GlcNAc exerts over protein-protein interactions, the various forms of crosstalk with other PTMs, and its role as a nutrient sensor will be highlighted. A summary of how these O-GlcNAc driven processes effect the immune system will also be included.
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16
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Spaner DE. O-GlcNAcylation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other Blood Cancers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772304. [PMID: 34868034 PMCID: PMC8639227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has emerged as a new hallmark of cancer. O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that results when the amino-sugar β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is made in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and covalently attached to serine and threonine residues in intracellular proteins by the glycosyltransferase O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). O-GlcNAc moieties reflect the metabolic state of a cell and are removed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). O-GlcNAcylation affects signaling pathways and protein expression by cross-talk with kinases and proteasomes and changes gene expression by altering protein interactions, localization, and complex formation. The HBP and O-GlcNAcylation are also recognized to mediate survival of cells in harsh conditions. Consequently, O-GlcNAcylation can affect many of the cellular processes that are relevant for cancer and is generally thought to promote tumor growth, disease progression, and immune escape. However, recent studies suggest a more nuanced view with O-GlcNAcylation acting as a tumor promoter or suppressor depending on the stage of disease or the genetic abnormalities, proliferative status, and state of the p53 axis in the cancer cell. Clinically relevant HBP and OGA inhibitors are already available and OGT inhibitors are in development to modulate O-GlcNAcylation as a potentially novel cancer treatment. Here recent studies that implicate O-GlcNAcylation in oncogenic properties of blood cancers are reviewed, focusing on chronic lymphocytic leukemia and effects on signal transduction and stress resistance in the cancer microenvironment. Therapeutic strategies for targeting the HBP and O-GlcNAcylation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Spaner
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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Weiss M, Anderluh M, Gobec M. Inhibition of O-GlcNAc Transferase Alters the Differentiation and Maturation Process of Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123312. [PMID: 34943826 PMCID: PMC8699345 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase. These enzymes regulate the development, proliferation and function of cells, including the immune cells. Herein, we focused on the role of O-GlcNAcylation in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs). Our study suggests that inhibition of OGT modulates AKT and MEK/ERK pathways in moDCs. Changes were also observed in the expression levels of relevant surface markers, where reduced expression of CD80 and DC-SIGN, and increased expression of CD14, CD86 and HLA-DR occurred. We also noticed decreased IL-10 and increased IL-6 production, along with diminished endocytotic capacity of the cells, indicating that inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation hampers the transition of monocytes into immature DCs. Furthermore, the inhibition of OGT altered the maturation process of immature moDCs, since a CD14medDC-SIGNlowHLA-DRmedCD80lowCD86high profile was noticed when OGT inhibitor, OSMI-1, was present. To evaluate DCs ability to influence T cell differentiation and polarization, we co-cultured these cells. Surprisingly, the observed phenotypic changes of mature moDCs generated in the presence of OSMI-1 led to an increased proliferation of allogeneic T cells, while their polarization was not affected. Taken together, we confirm that shifting the O-GlcNAcylation status due to OGT inhibition alters the differentiation and function of moDCs in in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Weiss
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Marko Anderluh
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Martina Gobec
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-4769-636
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18
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Abstract
Effective regulation of immune-cell activation is critical for ensuring that the immune response, and inflammation generated for the purpose of pathogen elimination, are limited in space and time to minimize tissue damage. Autoimmune disease can occur when immunoreceptor signaling is dysregulated, leading to unrestrained inflammation and organ damage. Conversely, tumors can coopt the tissue healing and immunosuppressive functions of hematopoietic cells to promote metastasis and evade therapy. The Src-family kinase Lyn is an essential regulator of immunoreceptor signaling, initiating both proinflammatory and suppressive signaling pathways in myeloid immune cells (eg, neutrophils, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages) and in B lymphocytes. Defects in Lyn signaling are implicated in autoimmune disease, but mechanisms by which Lyn, expressed along with a battery of other Src-family kinases, may uniquely direct both positive and negative signaling remain incompletely defined. This review describes our current understanding of the activating and inhibitory contributions of Lyn to immunoreceptor signaling and how these processes contribute to myeloid and B-cell function. We also highlight recent work suggesting that the 2 proteins generated by alternative splicing of lyn, LynA and LynB, differentially regulate both immune and cancer-cell signaling. These principles may also extend to other Lyn-expressing cells, such as neuronal and endocrine cells. Unraveling the common and cell-specific aspects of Lyn function could lead to new approaches to therapeutically target dysregulated pathways in pathologies ranging from autoimmune and neurogenerative disease to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben F Brian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Current Affiliation: Current affiliation for B.F.B.: Division of Immunology & Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tanya S Freedman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Correspondence: Tanya S. Freedman, PhD, University of Minnesota Twin Cities Campus: University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. E-mail:
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19
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Nakajima H, Murakami K. O-GlcNAcylation: Implications in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2021; 101-102:16-24. [PMID: 34302904 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational protein modification through addition of the O-linked β-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety to serine or threonine residues, termed O-GlcNAcylation, is a highly dynamic process conserved throughout eukaryotes. O-GlcNAcylation is reversibly catalyzed by a single pair of enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase, and it acts as a fundamental regulator for a wide variety of biological processes including gene expression, cell cycle regulation, metabolism, stress response, cellular signaling, epigenetics, and proteostasis. O-GlcNAcylation is regulated by various intracellular or extracellular cues such as metabolic status, nutrient availability, and stress. Studies over decades have unveiled the profound biological significance of this unique protein modification in normal physiology and pathologic processes of diverse cell types or tissues. In hematopoiesis, recent studies have indicated the essential and pleiotropic roles of O-GlcNAcylation in differentiation, proliferation, and function of hematopoietic cells including T cells, B cells, myeloid progenitors, and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Moreover, aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is implicated in the development of hematologic malignancies with dysregulated epigenetics, metabolism, and gene transcription. Thus, it is now recognized that O-GlcNAcylation is one of the key regulators of normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Koichi Murakami
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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20
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McAllister E, Jellusova J. BAFF signaling in B cell metabolism. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 71:69-74. [PMID: 34174517 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BAFF is an essential cytokine primarily known for its role in maintaining B cell homeostasis via induction of a pro-survival gene expression profile. Additionally, recent evidence suggests that BAFF induced signaling also drives a metabolic program that is needed for homeostatic cell mass maintenance in resting B cells and which increases the cells' capacity to divide. Many components of the signaling cascades initiated by BAFF, the alternative NFκB pathway and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, are active in roles beyond their classically assigned function. These components can directly or indirectly impact metabolic reprogramming. Further exploration of the role BAFF signaling plays in B cell metabolism could help to identify metabolic vulnerabilities of hyperactive B cells in the context of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen McAllister
- Institute of Biology III at the Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Jellusova
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Einsteinstr.25, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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21
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Samart P, Luanpitpong S, Rojanasakul Y, Issaragrisil S. O-GlcNAcylation homeostasis controlled by calcium influx channels regulates multiple myeloma dissemination. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:100. [PMID: 33726758 PMCID: PMC7968185 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) cell motility is a critical step during MM dissemination throughout the body, but how it is regulated remains largely unknown. As hypercalcemia is an important clinical feature of MM, high calcium (Ca2+) and altered Ca2+ signaling could be a key contributing factor to the pathological process. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses were employed to assess the clinical significance of Ca2+ influx channels in clinical specimens of smoldering and symptomatic MM. Functional and regulatory roles of influx channels and downstream signaling in MM cell migration and invasion were conducted and experimental MM dissemination was examined in a xenograft mouse model using in vivo live imaging and engraftment analysis. RESULTS Inhibition of TRPM7, ORAI1, and STIM1 influx channels, which are highly expressed in MM patients, and subsequent blockage of Ca2+ influx by CRISPR/Cas9 and small molecule inhibitors, effectively inhibit MM cell migration and invasion, and attenuate the experimental MM dissemination. Mechanistic studies reveal a nutrient sensor O-GlcNAcylation as a downstream regulator of Ca2+ influx that specifically targets cell adhesion molecules. Hyper-O-GlcNAcylation following the inhibition of Ca2+ influx channels induces integrin α4 and integrin β7 downregulation via ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation and represses the aggressive MM phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our findings unveil a novel regulatory mechanism of MM cell motility via Ca2+ influx/O-GlcNAcylation axis that directly targets integrin α4 and integrin β7, providing mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis and progression of MM and demonstrating potential predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for advanced MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinya Samart
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sudjit Luanpitpong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Siriraj Hospital, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- WVU Cancer Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Surapol Issaragrisil
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Siriraj Hospital, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Bangkok Hematology Center, Wattanosoth Hospital, BDMS Center of Excellence for Cancer, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Luanpitpong S, Poohadsuan J, Klaihmon P, Kang X, Tangkiettrakul K, Issaragrisil S. Metabolic sensor O-GlcNAcylation regulates megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis through c-Myc stabilization and integrin perturbation. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:787-802. [PMID: 33544938 PMCID: PMC8248081 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic state of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is an important regulator of self‐renewal and lineage‐specific differentiation. Posttranslational modification of proteins via O‐GlcNAcylation is an ideal metabolic sensor, but how it contributes to megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis remains unknown. Here, we reveal for the first time that cellular O‐GlcNAcylation levels decline along the course of megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation from human‐derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Inhibition of O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) that catalyzes O‐GlcNAcylation prolongedly decreases O‐GlcNAcylation and induces the acquisition of CD34+CD41a+ MK‐like progenitors and its progeny CD34−CD41a+/CD42b+ megakaryoblasts (MBs)/MKs from HSPCs, consequently resulting in increased CD41a+ and CD42b+ platelets. Using correlation and co‐immunoprecipitation analyses, we further identify c‐Myc as a direct downstream target of O‐GlcNAcylation in MBs/MKs and provide compelling evidence on the regulation of platelets by novel O‐GlcNAc/c‐Myc axis. Our data indicate that O‐GlcNAcylation posttranslationally regulates c‐Myc stability by interfering with its ubiquitin‐mediated proteasomal degradation. Depletion of c‐Myc upon inhibition of OGT promotes platelet formation in part through the perturbation of cell adhesion molecules, that is, integrin‐α4 and integrin‐β7, as advised by gene ontology and enrichment analysis for RNA sequencing and validated herein. Together, our findings provide a novel basic knowledge on the regulatory role of O‐GlcNAcylation in megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis that could be important in understanding hematologic disorders whose etiology are related to impaired platelet production and may have clinical applications toward an ex vivo platelet production for transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudjit Luanpitpong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jirarat Poohadsuan
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phatchanat Klaihmon
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xing Kang
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kantpitchar Tangkiettrakul
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surapol Issaragrisil
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Bangkok Hematology Center, Wattanosoth Hospital, BDMS Center of Excellence for Cancer, Bangkok, Thailand
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23
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Itkonen HM, Loda M, Mills IG. O-GlcNAc Transferase - An Auxiliary Factor or a Full-blown Oncogene? Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:555-564. [PMID: 33472950 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The β-linked N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is a posttranslational modification of serine and threonine residues catalyzed by the enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Increased OGT expression is a feature of most human cancers and inhibition of OGT decreases cancer cell proliferation. Antiproliferative effects are attributed to posttranslational modifications of known regulators of cancer cell proliferation, such as MYC, FOXM1, and EZH2. In general, OGT amplifies cell-specific phenotype, for example, OGT overexpression enhances reprogramming efficiency of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into stem cells. Genome-wide screens suggest that certain cancers are particularly dependent on OGT, and understanding these addictions is important when considering OGT as a target for cancer therapy. The O-GlcNAc modification is involved in most cellular processes, which raises concerns of on-target undesirable effects of OGT-targeting therapy. Yet, emerging evidence suggest that, much like proteasome inhibitors, specific compounds targeting OGT elicit selective antiproliferative effects in cancer cells, and can prime malignant cells to other treatments. It is, therefore, essential to gain mechanistic insights on substrate specificity for OGT, develop reagents to more specifically enrich for O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, identify O-GlcNAc "readers," and develop OGT small-molecule inhibitors. Here, we review the relevance of OGT in cancer progression and the potential targeting of this metabolic enzyme as a putative oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri M Itkonen
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,The New York Genome Center, New York, New York
| | - Ian G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom. .,PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Patrick G Johnston Centre, for Cancer Research (PGJCCR), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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24
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Murakami K, Kurotaki D, Kawase W, Soma S, Fukuchi Y, Kunimoto H, Yoshimi R, Koide S, Oshima M, Hishiki T, Hayakawa N, Matsuura T, Oda M, Yanagisawa K, Kobayashi H, Haraguchi M, Atobe Y, Funakoshi K, Iwama A, Takubo K, Okamoto S, Tamura T, Nakajima H. OGT Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance via PINK1-Dependent Mitophagy. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108579. [PMID: 33406421 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is a unique enzyme introducing O-GlcNAc moiety on target proteins, and it critically regulates various cellular processes in diverse cell types. However, its roles in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) remain elusive. Here, using Ogt conditional knockout mice, we show that OGT is essential for HSPCs. Ogt is highly expressed in HSPCs, and its disruption induces rapid loss of HSPCs with increased reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. In particular, Ogt-deficient hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) lose quiescence, cannot be maintained in vivo, and become vulnerable to regenerative and competitive stress. Interestingly, Ogt-deficient HSCs accumulate defective mitochondria due to impaired mitophagy with decreased key mitophagy regulator, Pink1, through dysregulation of H3K4me3. Furthermore, overexpression of PINK1 restores mitophagy and the number of Ogt-deficient HSCs. Collectively, our results reveal that OGT critically regulates maintenance and stress response of HSCs by ensuring mitochondrial quality through PINK1-dependent mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Murakami
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Wataru Kawase
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Soma
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yumi Fukuchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Kunimoto
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yoshimi
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shuhei Koide
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8039, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8039, Japan
| | - Takako Hishiki
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Noriyo Hayakawa
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomomi Matsuura
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mayumi Oda
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kiichi Yanagisawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Miho Haraguchi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Atobe
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kengo Funakoshi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8039, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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25
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Su H, Wang M, Pang X, Guan F, Li X, Cheng Y. When Glycosylation Meets Blood Cells: A Glance of the Aberrant Glycosylation in Hematological Malignancies. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 180:85-117. [PMID: 34031738 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Among neoplasia-associated epigenetic alterations, changes in cellular glycosylation have recently received attention as a key component of hematological malignancy progression. Alterations in glycosylation appear to not only directly impact cell growth and survival, but also alter the adhesion of tumor cells and their interactions with the microenvironment, facilitating cancer-induced immunomodulation and eventual metastasis. Changes in glycosylation arise from altered expression of glycosyltransferases, enzymes that catalyze the transfer of saccharide moieties to a wide range of acceptor substrates, such as proteins, lipids, and other saccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. Novel glycan structures in hematological malignancies represent new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of blood diseases. This review summarizes studies of the aberrant expression of glycans commonly found in hematological malignancies and their potential mechanisms and defines the specific roles of glycans as drivers or passengers in the development of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huining Su
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mimi Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingchen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ying Cheng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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26
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Al-Mukh H, Baudoin L, Bouaboud A, Sanchez-Salgado JL, Maraqa N, Khair M, Pagesy P, Bismuth G, Niedergang F, Issad T. Lipopolysaccharide Induces GFAT2 Expression to Promote O-Linked β- N-Acetylglucosaminylation and Attenuate Inflammation in Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2499-2510. [PMID: 32978282 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is a reversible posttranslational modification that regulates the activity of intracellular proteins according to glucose availability and its metabolism through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. This modification has been involved in the regulation of various immune cell types, including macrophages. However, little is known concerning the mechanisms that regulate the protein O-GlcNAcylation level in these cells. In the present work, we demonstrate that LPS treatment induces a marked increase in protein O-GlcNAcylation in RAW264.7 cells, bone marrow-derived and peritoneal mouse macrophages, as well as human monocyte-derived macrophages. Targeted deletion of OGT in macrophages resulted in an increased effect of LPS on NOS2 expression and cytokine production, suggesting that O-GlcNAcylation may restrain inflammatory processes induced by LPS. The effect of LPS on protein O-GlcNAcylation in macrophages was associated with an increased expression and activity of glutamine fructose 6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. More specifically, we observed that LPS potently stimulated GFAT2 isoform mRNA and protein expression. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of FoxO1 impaired the LPS effect on GFAT2 expression, suggesting a FoxO1-dependent mechanism. We conclude that GFAT2 should be considered a new LPS-inducible gene involved in regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation, which permits limited exacerbation of inflammation upon macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasanain Al-Mukh
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Léa Baudoin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Nabih Maraqa
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Mostafa Khair
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Pagesy
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Georges Bismuth
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Tarik Issad
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
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27
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Estevez A, Zhu D, Blankenship C, Jiang J. Molecular Interrogation to Crack the Case of O-GlcNAc. Chemistry 2020; 26:12086-12100. [PMID: 32207184 PMCID: PMC7724648 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification, termed O-GlcNAcylation, is an essential and dynamic post-translational modification in cells. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) installs this modification on serine and threonine residues, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) hydrolyzes it. O-GlcNAc modifications are found on thousands of intracellular proteins involved in diverse biological processes. Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes has been detected in many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, recent advances in the development of molecular tools to investigate OGT and OGA functions and substrate recognition are discussed. New chemical approaches to study O-GlcNAc dynamics and its potential roles in the immune system are also highlighted. It is hoped that this minireview will encourage more research in these areas to advance the understanding of O-GlcNAc in biology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielis Estevez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Connor Blankenship
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jiaoyang Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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28
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Quik M, Hokke CH, Everts B. The role of O-GlcNAcylation in immunity against infections. Immunology 2020; 161:175-185. [PMID: 32740921 PMCID: PMC7576884 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting an effective immune response is crucial for the host to protect itself against invading pathogens. It is now well appreciated that reprogramming of core metabolic pathways in immune cells is a key requirement for their activation and function during infections. The role of several ancillary metabolic pathways in shaping immune cell function is less well understood. One such pathway, for which interest has recently been growing, is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) that generates uridine diphosphate N‐acetylglucosamine (UDP‐GlcNAc), the donor substrate for a specific form of glycosylation termed O‐GlcNAcylation. O‐GlcNAc is an intracellular post‐translational modification that alters the functional properties of the modified proteins, in particular transcription factors and epigenetic regulators. An increasing number of studies suggest a central role for the HBP and O‐GlcNAcylation in dictating immune cell function, including the response to different pathogens. We here discuss the most recent insights regarding O‐GlcNAcylation and immunity, and explore whether targeting of O‐GlcNAcylation could hold promise as a therapeutic approach to modulate immune responses to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Quik
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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29
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Song N, Qi Q, Cao R, Qin B, Wang B, Wang Y, Zhao L, Li W, Du X, Liu F, Yan Y, Yi W, Jiang H, Li T, Zhou T, Li HY, Xia Q, Zhang XM, Zhong W, Li AL, Duan X. MAVS O-GlcNAcylation Is Essential for Host Antiviral Immunity against Lethal RNA Viruses. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2386-2396.e5. [PMID: 31461653 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that lethal viruses profoundly manipulate host metabolism, but how the metabolism alternation affects the immediate host antiviral immunity remains elusive. Here, we report that the O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), a key mediator of interferon signaling, is a critical regulation to activate the host innate immunity against RNA viruses. We show that O-GlcNAcylation depletion in myeloid cells renders the host more susceptible to virus infection both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that MAVS O-GlcNAcylation is required for virus-induced MAVS K63-linked ubiquitination, thereby facilitating IRF3 activation and IFNβ production. We further demonstrate that D-glucosamine, a commonly used dietary supplement, effectively protects mice against a range of lethal RNA viruses, including human influenza virus. Our study highlights a critical role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating host antiviral immunity and validates D-glucosamine as a potential therapeutic for virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China; Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ruiyuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bingjie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xianli Du
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yunzheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wen Yi
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hailu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hui-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xue-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ai-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xiaotao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
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30
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Dierschke SK, Toro AL, Miller WP, Sunilkumar S, Dennis MD. Diabetes enhances translation of Cd40 mRNA in murine retinal Müller glia via a 4E-BP1/2-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10831-10841. [PMID: 32475820 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the immune costimulatory molecule cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) in Müller glia has been implicated in the initiation of diabetes-induced retinal inflammation. Results from previous studies support that CD40 protein expression is elevated in Müller glia of diabetic mice; however, the mechanisms responsible for this increase have not been explored. Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that diabetes augments translation of the Cd40 mRNA. Mice receiving thiamet G (TMG), an inhibitor of the O-GlcNAc hydrolase O-GlcNAcase, exhibited enhanced retinal protein O-GlcNAcylation and increased Cd40 mRNA translation. TMG administration also promoted Cd40 mRNA association with Müller cell-specific ribosomes isolated from the retina of RiboTag mice. Similar effects on O-GlcNAcylation and Cd40 mRNA translation were also observed in the retina of a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. In cultured cells, TMG promoted sequestration of the cap-binding protein eIF4E (eukaryotic translation in initiation factor 4E) by 4E-BP1 (eIF4E-binding protein 1) and enhanced cap-independent Cd40 mRNA translation as assessed by a bicistronic reporter that contained the 5'-UTR of the Cd40 mRNA. Ablation of 4E-BP1/2 prevented the increase in Cd40 mRNA translation in TMG-exposed cells, and expression of a 4E-BP1 variant that constitutively sequesters eIF4E promoted reporter activity. Extending on the cell culture results, we found that in contrast to WT mice, diabetic 4E-BP1/2-deficient mice did not exhibit enhanced retinal Cd40 mRNA translation and failed to up-regulate expression of the inflammatory marker nitric-oxide synthase 2. These findings support a model wherein diabetes-induced O-GlcNAcylation of 4E-BP1 promotes Cd40 mRNA translation in Müller glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie K Dierschke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allyson L Toro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William P Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Siddharth Sunilkumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael D Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA .,Department of Ophthalmology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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31
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Chang YH, Weng CL, Lin KI. O-GlcNAcylation and its role in the immune system. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:57. [PMID: 32349769 PMCID: PMC7189445 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a type of glycosylation that occurs when a monosaccharide, O-GlcNAc, is added onto serine or threonine residues of nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and which can be reversibly removed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). O-GlcNAcylation couples the processes of nutrient sensing, metabolism, signal transduction and transcription, and plays important roles in development, normal physiology and physiopathology. Cumulative studies have indicated that O-GlcNAcylation affects the functions of protein substrates in a number of ways, including protein cellular localization, protein stability and protein/protein interaction. Particularly, O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to have intricate crosstalk with phosphorylation as they both modify serine or threonine residues. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation on various protein substrates has been implicated in many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancers. However, the role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in immune cell lineages has been less explored. This review summarizes the current understanding of the fundamental biochemistry of O-GlcNAcylation, and discusses the molecular mechanisms by which O-GlcNAcylation regulates the development, maturation and functions of immune cells. In brief, O-GlcNAcylation promotes the development, proliferation, and activation of T and B cells. O-GlcNAcylation regulates inflammatory and antiviral responses of macrophages. O-GlcNAcylation promotes the function of activated neutrophils, but inhibits the activity of nature killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Weng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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32
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Regulation of B-cell function by NF-kappaB c-Rel in health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3325-3340. [PMID: 32130429 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
B cells mediate humoral immune response and contribute to the regulation of cellular immune response. Members of the Nuclear Factor kappaB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors play a major role in regulating B-cell functions. NF-κB subunit c-Rel is predominantly expressed in lymphocytes, and in B cells, it is required for survival, proliferation, and antibody production. Dysregulation of c-Rel expression and activation alters B-cell homeostasis and is associated with B-cell lymphomas and autoimmune pathologies. Based on its essential roles, c-Rel may serve as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target. This review summarizes the current understanding of the multifaceted role of c-Rel in B cells and B-cell diseases.
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33
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Increased O-GlcNAcylation of c-Myc Promotes Pre-B Cell Proliferation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010158. [PMID: 31936366 PMCID: PMC7016991 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification regulates the activity of hundreds of nucleocytoplasmic proteins involved in a wide variety of cellular processes, such as gene expression, signaling, and cell growth; however, the mechanism underlying the regulation of B cell development and function by O-GlcNAcylation remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that changes in cellular O-GlcNAc levels significantly affected the growth of pre-B cells, which rapidly proliferate to allow expansion of functional clones that express successfully rearranged heavy chains at the pro-B stage during early B cell development. In our study, the overall O-GlcNAc levels in these proliferative pre-B cells, which are linked to the glucose uptake rate, were highly induced when compared with those in pro-B cells. Thus, pharmacologically, genetically, or nutritionally, inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation in pre-B cells markedly downregulated c-Myc expression, resulting in cell cycle arrest via blockade of cyclin expression. Importantly, the population of B cells after the pro-B cell stage in mouse bone marrow was severely impaired by the administration of an O-GlcNAc inhibitor. These results strongly suggest that O-GlcNAcylation-dependent expression of c-Myc represents a new regulatory component of pre-B cell proliferation, as well as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pre-B cell-derived leukemia.
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34
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Syrett CM, Anguera MC. When the balance is broken: X-linked gene dosage from two X chromosomes and female-biased autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:919-932. [PMID: 31125996 PMCID: PMC7206452 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6ri0319-094r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Women and men exhibit differences in innate and adaptive immunity, and women are more susceptible to numerous autoimmune disorders. Two or more X chromosomes increases the risk for some autoimmune diseases, and increased expression of some X-linked immune genes is frequently observed in female lymphocytes from autoimmune patients. Evidence from mouse models of autoimmunity also supports the idea that increased expression of X-linked genes is a feature of female-biased autoimmunity. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the correlation between abnormal X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), an essential mechanism female somatic cells use to equalize X-linked gene dosage between the sexes, and autoimmunity in lymphocytes. In this review, we highlight research describing overexpression of X-linked immunity-related genes and female-biased autoimmunity in both humans and mouse models, and make connections with our recent work elucidating lymphocyte-specific mechanisms of XCI maintenance that become altered in lupus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Syrett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Montserrat C Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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35
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Nagy T, Fisi V, Frank D, Kátai E, Nagy Z, Miseta A. Hyperglycemia-Induced Aberrant Cell Proliferation; A Metabolic Challenge Mediated by Protein O-GlcNAc Modification. Cells 2019; 8:E999. [PMID: 31466420 PMCID: PMC6769692 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia has been associated with an increased prevalence of pathological conditions including cardiovascular disease, cancer, or various disorders of the immune system. In some cases, these associations may be traced back to a common underlying cause, but more often, hyperglycemia and the disturbance in metabolic balance directly facilitate pathological changes in the regular cellular functions. One such cellular function crucial for every living organism is cell cycle regulation/mitotic activity. Although metabolic challenges have long been recognized to influence cell proliferation, the direct impact of diabetes on cell cycle regulatory elements is a relatively uncharted territory. Among other "nutrient sensing" mechanisms, protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification emerged in recent years as a major contributor to the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia. An increasing amount of evidence suggest that O-GlcNAc may significantly influence the cell cycle and cellular proliferation. In our present review, we summarize the current data available on the direct impact of metabolic changes caused by hyperglycemia in pathological conditions associated with cell cycle disorders. We also review published experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that O-GlcNAc modification may be one of the missing links between metabolic regulation and cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Viktória Fisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Frank
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Kátai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Li Y, Xie M, Men L, Du J. O-GlcNAcylation in immunity and inflammation: An intricate system (Review). Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:363-374. [PMID: 31198979 PMCID: PMC6605495 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic, low‑grade inflammation associated with obesity and diabetes result from the infiltration of adipose and vascular tissue by immune cells and contributes to cardiovascular complications. Despite an incomplete understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of immune cell differentiation and inflammation, O‑GlcNAcylation, the addition of O‑linked N‑acetylglucosamine (O‑GlcNAc) to cytoplasmic, nuclear and mitochondrial proteins by the two cycling enzymes, the O‑linked N‑acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and the O‑GlcNAcase (OGA), may contribute to fine‑tune immunity and inflammation in both physiological and pathological conditions. Early studies have indicated that O‑GlcNAcylation of proteins play a pro‑inflammatory role in diabetes and insulin resistance, whereas subsequent studies have demonstrated that this post‑translational modification could also be protective against acute injuries. These studies suggest that diverse types of insults result in dynamic changes to O‑GlcNAcylation patterns, which fluctuate with cellular metabolism to promote or inhibit inflammation. In this review, the current understanding of O‑GlcNAcylation and its adaptive modulation in immune and inflammatory responses is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology
| | - Mingzheng Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | | | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology
- Correspondence to: Dr Jianling Du, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Xu YXZ, Bassi G, Mishra S. Prohibitin: a prime candidate for a pleiotropic effector that mediates sex differences in obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysregulation. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:25. [PMID: 31118075 PMCID: PMC6530082 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes and macrophages, the two major constituents of adipose tissue, exhibit sex differences and work in synergy in adipose tissue physiology and pathophysiology, including obesity-linked insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation. Sex steroid hormones play a major role in sex differences in adipose tissue biology. However, our knowledge of the molecules that mediate these effects in adipose tissue remains limited. Consequently, it remains unclear whether these effector molecules in different adipose and immune cell types are distinct or if there are also pleiotropic effectors. Recently, a protein named prohibitin (PHB) with cell compartment- and tissue-specific functions has been found to play a role in sex differences in adipose and immune functions. Transgenic (Tg) mouse models overexpressing PHB (PHB-Tg) and a phospho-mutant PHB (mPHB-Tg) from the fatty acid binding protein-4 (Fabp-4) gene promoter display sex-neutral obesity; however, obesity-related insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation are male-specific. Intriguingly, with aging, the male PHB-Tg mice developed hepatic steatosis and subsequently liver tumors whereas the male mPHB-Tg mice developed lymph node tumors and splenomegaly. Unlike the male transgenic mice, the female PHB-Tg and mPHB-Tg mice remain protected from obesity-related metabolic dysregulation and tumor development. In conclusion, the sex-dimorphic metabolic and immune phenotypes of PHB-Tg and mPHB-Tg mice have revealed PHB as a pleiotropic effector of sex differences in adipose and immune functions. In this mini-review, we will discuss the pleiotropic attributes of PHB and potential mechanisms that may have contributed to the sex-dimorphic metabolic phenotypes in PHB-Tg and mPHB-Tg mice, which warrant future research. We propose that PHB is a prime candidate for a pleiotropic mediator of sex differences in adipose and immune functions in both physiology and pathophysiology, including obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xin Zi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm. 843 JBRC/715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Geetika Bassi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm. 843 JBRC/715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Suresh Mishra
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm. 843 JBRC/715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada. .,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Too sweet to resist: Control of immune cell function by O-GlcNAcylation. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:85-92. [PMID: 29887419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a dynamic, reversible posttranslational modification of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. O-GlcNAcylation depends on nutrient availability and the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), which produces the donor substrate UDP-GlcNAc. O-GlcNAcylation is mediated by a single enzyme, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which adds GlcNAc and another enzyme, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes O-GlcNAc from proteins. O-GlcNAcylation controls vital cellular processes including transcription, translation, the cell cycle, metabolism, and cellular stress. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in various pathologies including Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Growing evidences indicate that O-GlcNAcylation plays crucial roles in regulating immunity and inflammatory responses, especially under hyperglycemic conditions. This review will highlight the emerging functions of O-GlcNAcylation in mammalian immunity under physiological and various pathological conditions.
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