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Luo W, Yan X, Pan X, Jiao J, Mai L. What Makes On-Chip Microdevices Stand Out in Electrocatalysis? SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305020. [PMID: 37875658 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Clean and sustainable energy conversion and storage through electrochemistry shows great promise as an alternative to traditional fuel or fossil-consumption energy systems. With regards to practical and high-efficient electrochemistry application, the rational design of active sites and the accurate description of mechanism remain a challenge. Toward this end, in this Perspective, a unique on-chip micro/nano device coupling nanofabrication and low-dimensional electrochemical materials is presented, in which material structure analysis, field-effect regulation, in situ monitoring, and simulation modeling are highlighted. The critical mechanisms that influence electrochemical response are discussed, and how on-chip micro/nano device distinguishes itself is emphasized. The key challenges and opportunities of on-chip electrochemical platforms are also provided through the Perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuelei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Jinying Jiao
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liqiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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2
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Wang Y, Chen F, Song W, Geng Z, Yu Z, Yang L, Gao Y, Li R, Yang S, Miao W, Xu W, Wang Z, Xia Z, Song HD, Feng X, Wang T, Zang Y, Li L, Shang R, Xue Q, He K, Zhang H. Ballistic PbTe Nanowire Devices. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37948302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Disorder is the primary obstacle in the current Majorana nanowire experiments. Reducing disorder or achieving ballistic transport is thus of paramount importance. In clean and ballistic nanowire devices, quantized conductance is expected, with plateau quality serving as a benchmark for disorder assessment. Here, we introduce ballistic PbTe nanowire devices grown by using the selective-area-growth (SAG) technique. Quantized conductance plateaus in units of 2e2/h are observed at zero magnetic field. This observation represents an advancement in diminishing disorder within SAG nanowires as most of the previously studied SAG nanowires (InSb or InAs) have not exhibited zero-field ballistic transport. Notably, the plateau values indicate that the ubiquitous valley degeneracy in PbTe is lifted in nanowire devices. This degeneracy lifting addresses an additional concern in the pursuit of Majorana realization. Moreover, these ballistic PbTe nanowires may enable the search for clean signatures of the spin-orbit helical gap in future devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fangting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zuhan Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zehao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lining Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yichun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wentao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zezhou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hua-Ding Song
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yunyi Zang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Lin Li
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runan Shang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Qikun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ke He
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Bento Ribeiro RC, Correa JH, Ricco LS, Shelykh IA, Continentino MA, Seridonio AC, Minissale M, Le Lay G, Figueira MS. Spin-polarized Majorana zero modes in proximitized superconducting penta-silicene nanoribbons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17965. [PMID: 37863891 PMCID: PMC10589331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We theoretically propose penta-silicene nanoribbons (p-SiNRs) with induced p-wave superconductivity as a platform for the emergence of spin-polarized Majorana zero-modes (MZMs). The model explicitly considers the key ingredients of well-known Majorana hybrid nanowire setups: Rashba spin-orbit coupling, magnetic field perpendicular to the nanoribbon plane, and first nearest neighbor hopping with p-wave superconducting pairing. The energy spectrum of the system, as a function of chemical potential, reveals the existence of MZMs with a well-defined spin orientation localized at the opposite ends of both the top and bottom chains of the p-SiNR, associated with well-localized and nonoverlapping wave function profiles. Well-established experimental techniques enable the fabrication of highly ordered p-SiNRs, complemented by a thin lead film on top, responsible for inducing p-wave superconductivity through proximity effect. Moreover, the emergence of MZMs with explicit opposite spin orientations for some set of model parameters opens a new avenue for exploring quantum computing operations, which accounts for both MZMs and spin properties, as well as for new MZMs probe devices based on spin-polarized electronic transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Bento Ribeiro
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - J H Correa
- Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Nathalio Sánchez, 125, 15046, Lima, Peru
- AGH University of Krakow, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - L S Ricco
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, 107, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - I A Shelykh
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, 107, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo IC, Bolshoy Bulvar 30 bld. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Mucio A Continentino
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - A C Seridonio
- School of Engineering, Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP, 15385-000, Brazil
| | - M Minissale
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM UMR 7345, 13397, Marseille Cedex, France
| | - G Le Lay
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM UMR 7345, 13397, Marseille Cedex, France
| | - M S Figueira
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Litorânea s/N, Niterói, RJ, CEP: 24210-340, Brazil.
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4
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Hess R, Legg HF, Loss D, Klinovaja J. Trivial Andreev Band Mimicking Topological Bulk Gap Reopening in the Nonlocal Conductance of Long Rashba Nanowires. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:207001. [PMID: 37267549 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.207001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We consider a one-dimensional Rashba nanowire in which multiple Andreev bound states in the bulk of the nanowire form an Andreev band. We show that, under certain circumstances, this trivial Andreev band can produce an apparent closing and reopening signature of the bulk band gap in the nonlocal conductance of the nanowire. Furthermore, we show that the existence of the trivial bulk reopening signature in nonlocal conductance is essentially unaffected by the additional presence of trivial zero-bias peaks in the local conductance at either end of the nanowire. The simultaneous occurrence of a trivial bulk reopening signature and zero-bias peaks mimics the basic features required to pass the so-called "topological gap protocol." Our results therefore provide a topologically trivial minimal model by which the applicability of this protocol can be benchmarked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hess
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henry F Legg
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Loss
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Klinovaja
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Wang Z, Song H, Pan D, Zhang Z, Miao W, Li R, Cao Z, Zhang G, Liu L, Wen L, Zhuo R, Liu DE, He K, Shang R, Zhao J, Zhang H. Plateau Regions for Zero-Bias Peaks within 5% of the Quantized Conductance Value 2e^{2}/h. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:167702. [PMID: 36306766 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.167702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Probing an isolated Majorana zero mode is predicted to reveal a tunneling conductance quantized at 2e^{2}/h at zero temperature. Experimentally, a zero-bias peak (ZBP) is expected and its height should remain robust against relevant parameter tuning, forming a quantized plateau. Here, we report the observation of large ZBPs in a thin InAs-Al hybrid nanowire device. The ZBP height can stick close to 2e^{2}/h, mostly within 5% tolerance, by sweeping gate voltages and magnetic field. We further map out the phase diagram and identify two plateau regions in the phase space. Despite the presence of disorder and quantum dots, our result constitutes a step forward toward establishing Majorana zero modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huading Song
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Dong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zitong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wentao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhan Cao
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Gu Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lianjun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ran Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dong E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Ke He
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Runan Shang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, 100084 Beijing, China
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6
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Zhang S, Wang Z, Pan D, Li H, Lu S, Li Z, Zhang G, Liu D, Cao Z, Liu L, Wen L, Liao D, Zhuo R, Shang R, Liu DE, Zhao J, Zhang H. Suppressing Andreev Bound State Zero Bias Peaks Using a Strongly Dissipative Lead. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:076803. [PMID: 35244449 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.076803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanowires are predicted to host Majorana zero modes that induce zero-bias peaks (ZBPs) in tunneling conductance. ZBPs alone, however, are not sufficient evidence due to the ubiquitous presence of Andreev bound states. Here, we implement a strongly resistive normal lead in InAs-Al nanowire devices and show that most of the expected Andreev bound state-induced ZBPs can be suppressed, a phenomenon known as environmental Coulomb blockade. Our result is the first experimental demonstration of this dissipative interaction effect on Andreev bound states and can serve as a possible filter to narrow down the ZBP phase diagram in future Majorana searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhichuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hangzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zonglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gu Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Donghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhan Cao
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lianjun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dunyuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ran Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Runan Shang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Dong E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, 100084 Beijing, China
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7
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Ricco LS, Kozin VK, Seridonio AC, Shelykh IA. Accessing the degree of Majorana nonlocality in a quantum dot-optical microcavity system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1983. [PMID: 35132133 PMCID: PMC8821597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the tunneling transport properties of a quantum dot embedded in an optical microcavity and coupled to a semiconductor-superconductor one-dimensional nanowire (Majorana nanowire) hosting Majorana zero modes (MZMs) at their edges. Conductance profiles reveal that strong light-matter coupling can be employed to distinguish between the cases of highly nonlocal MZMs, overlapped MZMs and MZMs with less degree of nonlocal feature. Moreover, we show that it is possible to access the degree of Majorana nonlocality (topological quality factor) by changing the dot spectrum through photon-induced transitions tuned by an external pump applied to the microcavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Ricco
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, 107, Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - V K Kozin
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, 107, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Department of Physics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - A C Seridonio
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Ilha Solteira, SP, 15385-000, Brazil.,Department of Physics, IGCE, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, SP, 13506-970, Brazil
| | - I A Shelykh
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, 107, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Department of Physics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
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8
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Marra P, Nigro A. Majorana/Andreev crossover and the fate of the topological phase transition in inhomogeneous nanowires. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:124001. [PMID: 34929683 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac44d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Majorana bound states (MBS) and Andreev bound states (ABS) in realistic Majorana nanowires setups have similar experimental signatures which make them hard to distinguishing one from the other. Here, we characterize the continuous Majorana/Andreev crossover interpolating between fully-separated, partially-separated, and fully-overlapping Majorana modes, in terms of global and local topological invariants, fermion parity, quasiparticle densities, Majorana pseudospin and spin polarizations, density overlaps and transition probabilities between opposite Majorana components. We found that in inhomogeneous wires, the transition between fully-overlapping trivial ABS and nontrivial MBS does not necessarily mandate the closing of the bulk gap of quasiparticle excitations, but a simple parity crossing of partially-separated Majorana modes (ps-MM) from trivial to nontrivial regimes. We demonstrate that fully-separated and fully-overlapping Majorana modes correspond to the two limiting cases at the opposite sides of a continuous crossover: the only distinction between the two can be obtained by estimating the degree of separations of the Majorana components. This result does not contradict the bulk-edge correspondence: indeed, the field inhomogeneities driving the Majorana/Andreev crossover have a length scale comparable with the nanowire length, and therefore correspond to a nonlocal perturbation which breaks the topological protection of the MBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Marra
- Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8914, Japan
- Department of Physics, and Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521, Japan
| | - Angela Nigro
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E. R. Caianiello', Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-SPIN, UOS Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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9
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Cai R, Yao Y, Lv P, Ma Y, Xing W, Li B, Ji Y, Zhou H, Shen C, Jia S, Xie XC, Žutić I, Sun QF, Han W. Evidence for anisotropic spin-triplet Andreev reflection at the 2D van der Waals ferromagnet/superconductor interface. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6725. [PMID: 34795286 PMCID: PMC8602320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental symmetry breaking and relativistic spin-orbit coupling give rise to fascinating phenomena in quantum materials. Of particular interest are the interfaces between ferromagnets and common s-wave superconductors, where the emergent spin-orbit fields support elusive spin-triplet superconductivity, crucial for superconducting spintronics and topologically-protected Majorana bound states. Here, we report the observation of large magnetoresistances at the interface between a quasi-two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnet Fe0.29TaS2 and a conventional s-wave superconductor NbN, which provides the possible experimental evidence for the spin-triplet Andreev reflection and induced spin-triplet superconductivity at ferromagnet/superconductor interface arising from Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The temperature, voltage, and interfacial barrier dependences of the magnetoresistance further support the induced spin-triplet superconductivity and spin-triplet Andreev reflection. This discovery, together with the impressive advances in two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnets, opens an important opportunity to design and probe superconducting interfaces with exotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Cai
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yunyan Yao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lv
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Ma
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Xing
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Boning Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ji
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huibin Zhou
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chenghao Shen
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Shuang Jia
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - X C Xie
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Igor Žutić
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Qing-Feng Sun
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Han
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China.
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10
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Mikheev E, Rosen IT, Goldhaber-Gordon D. Quantized critical supercurrent in SrTiO 3-based quantum point contacts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi6520. [PMID: 34597141 PMCID: PMC10938545 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi6520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Superconductivity in SrTiO3 occurs at remarkably low carrier densities and therefore, unlike conventional superconductors, can be controlled by electrostatic gates. Here, we demonstrate nanoscale weak links connecting superconducting leads, all within a single material, SrTiO3. Ionic liquid gating accumulates carriers in the leads, and local electrostatic gates are tuned to open the weak link. These devices behave as superconducting quantum point contacts with a quantized critical supercurrent. This is a milestone toward establishing SrTiO3 as a single-material platform for mesoscopic superconducting transport experiments that also intrinsically contains the necessary ingredients to engineer topological superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Mikheev
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ilan T. Rosen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Goldhaber-Gordon
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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11
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Ricco LS, Sanches JE, Marques Y, de Souza M, Figueira MS, Shelykh IA, Seridonio AC. Topological isoconductance signatures in Majorana nanowires. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17310. [PMID: 34453069 PMCID: PMC8397770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider transport properties of a hybrid device composed by a quantum dot placed between normal and superconducting reservoirs, and coupled to a Majorana nanowire: a topological superconducting segment hosting Majorana bound states (MBSs) at the opposite ends. It is demonstrated that if highly nonlocal and nonoverlapping MBSs are formed in the system, the zero-bias Andreev conductance through the dot exhibits characteristic isoconductance profiles with the shape depending on the spin asymmetry of the coupling between the dot and the topological superconductor. Otherwise, for overlapping MBSs with less degree of nonlocality, the conductance is insensitive to the spin polarization and the isoconductance signatures disappear. This allows to propose an alternative experimental protocol for probing the nonlocality of the MBSs in Majorana nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Ricco
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, 107, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - J E Sanches
- School of Engineering, Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Y Marques
- Department of Physics, ITMO University, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M de Souza
- Department of Physics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), IGCE, 13506-970, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - M S Figueira
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24210-340, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I A Shelykh
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, 107, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Physics, ITMO University, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A C Seridonio
- School of Engineering, Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), IGCE, 13506-970, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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12
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Demontis V, Zannier V, Sorba L, Rossella F. Surface Nano-Patterning for the Bottom-Up Growth of III-V Semiconductor Nanowire Ordered Arrays. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2079. [PMID: 34443910 PMCID: PMC8398085 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ordered arrays of vertically aligned semiconductor nanowires are regarded as promising candidates for the realization of all-dielectric metamaterials, artificial electromagnetic materials, whose properties can be engineered to enable new functions and enhanced device performances with respect to naturally existing materials. In this review we account for the recent progresses in substrate nanopatterning methods, strategies and approaches that overall constitute the preliminary step towards the bottom-up growth of arrays of vertically aligned semiconductor nanowires with a controlled location, size and morphology of each nanowire. While we focus specifically on III-V semiconductor nanowires, several concepts, mechanisms and conclusions reported in the manuscript can be invoked and are valid also for different nanowire materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Demontis
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Valentina Zannier
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Lucia Sorba
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Francesco Rossella
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (L.S.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
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13
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Duse C, Sriram P, Gharavi K, Baugh J, Muralidharan B. Role of dephasing on the conductance signatures of Majorana zero modes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:365301. [PMID: 34153946 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0d16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conductance signatures that signal the presence of Majorana zero modes in a three terminal nanowire-topological superconductor hybrid system are analyzed in detail, in both the clean nanowire limit and in the presence of non-coherent dephasing interactions. In the coherent transport regime for a clean wire, we point out contributions of the local Andreev reflection and the non-local transmissions toward the total conductance lineshapes while clarifying the role of contact broadening on the Majorana conductance lineshapes at the magnetic field parity crossings. Interestingly, at largerB-field parity crossings, the contribution of the Andreev reflection process decreases which is compensated by the non-local processes in order to maintain the conductance quantum regardless of contact coupling strength. In the non-coherent transport regime, we include dephasing that is introduced by momentum randomization processes, that allows one to smoothly transition to the diffusive limit. Here, as expected, we note that while the Majorana character of the zero modes is unchanged, there is a reduction in the conductance peak magnitude that scales with the strength of the impurity scattering potentials. Dephasing due to fluctuating impurities is shown to affect the conductance lineshapes in ways that are distinguishable from the effects of contact-induced tunnel broadening. Most importantly our results reveal that the addition of dephasing in the set up does not lead to any notable length dependence to the conductance of the zero modes, contrary to what one would expect in a gradual transition to the diffusive limit. We believe this work paves a way for a systematic introduction of scattering processes into the realistic modeling of Majorana nanowire hybrid devices and assessing topological signatures in such systems in the presence of non-coherent scattering processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitrali Duse
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Praveen Sriram
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Kaveh Gharavi
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jonathan Baugh
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bhaskaran Muralidharan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
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14
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Khan SA, Stampfer L, Mutas T, Kang JH, Krogstrup P, Jespersen TS. Multiterminal Quantized Conductance in InSb Nanocrosses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100078. [PMID: 34075631 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By studying the time-dependent axial and radial growth of InSb nanowires (NWs), the conditions for the synthesis of single-crystalline InSb nanocrosses (NCs) by molecular beam epitaxy are mapped. Low-temperature electrical measurements of InSb NC devices with local gate control on individual terminals exhibit quantized conductance and are used to probe the spatial distribution of the conducting channels. Tuning to a situation where the NC junction is connected by few-channel quantum point contacts in the connecting NW terminals, it is shown that transport through the junction is ballistic except close to pinch-off. Combined with a new concept for shadow-epitaxy of patterned superconductors on NCs, the structures reported here show promise for the realization of non-trivial topological states in multi-terminal Josephson junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir A Khan
- Microsoft Quantum Materials Lab Copenhagen, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Lukas Stampfer
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Timo Mutas
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Jung-Hyun Kang
- Microsoft Quantum Materials Lab Copenhagen, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Peter Krogstrup
- Microsoft Quantum Materials Lab Copenhagen, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Jespersen
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building, Lyngby, 310, 2800, Denmark
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15
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Kornich V, Huang X, Repin E, Nazarov YV. Braiding and All Quantum Operations with Majorana Modes in 1D. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:117701. [PMID: 33798362 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.117701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to perform braiding and all other unitary operations with Majorana modes in one dimension that, in contrast to previous proposals, is solely based on resonant manipulation involving the first excited state extended over the modes. The detection of the population of the excited state also enables initialization and read-out. We provide an elaborated illustration of the scheme with a concrete device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Kornich
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Evgeny Repin
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Yuli V Nazarov
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
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16
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González I A, Pacheco M, Calle AM, Siqueira EC, Orellana PA. Dicke and Fano-Andreev reflections in a triple quantum-dot system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3941. [PMID: 33594199 PMCID: PMC7887278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This article studies quantum interference effects and their influence on the electronic transport through a parallel triple quantum-dot system coupled to normal and superconducting leads in the linear response and non-equilibrium regime. We model the system by a triple impurity Anderson Hamiltonian including the Coulomb intra-dot correlations in all quantum-dots. Using the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism, we calculate the Andreev conductance and the transmittance for energies within the superconductor gap. Our results show that the Andreev reflection spectra, both in the presence and absence of Coulomb interaction, reveal Fano and Dicke-like resonances in analogy to the Fano and Dicke effects in atomic physics. As one of the main results, we obtain that the charge shows abrupt changes due to the Dicke effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González I
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, 110 V, Valparaíso, Casilla, Chile.
| | - M Pacheco
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, 110 V, Valparaíso, Casilla, Chile
| | - A M Calle
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, 110 V, Valparaíso, Casilla, Chile
| | - E C Siqueira
- Departamento Acadêmico de Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - P A Orellana
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, 110 V, Valparaíso, Casilla, Chile.
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17
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Barreda JL, Hu L, Yu L, Hudis J, Keiper TD, Xia J, Wang Z, Guan J, Xiong P. Controlled Fabrication of DNA Molecular Templates for In Situ Formation and Measurement of Ultrathin Metal Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8135-8140. [PMID: 33048550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of ultrathin metal nanostructures usually requires some combination of high-vacuum deposition and postgrowth processing, which precludes access to nanostructures of ultrasmall cross sections for most materials. DNA nanowires (NWs) are versatile insulating templates with intrinsic sub-10 nm line width. Here, we demonstrate a method of DNA template fabrication with precise control over the location and orientation of the DNA NWs. We further demonstrate that this template can be used to support formation of ultrathin metal NWs for derivative nanodevices: a metal is incrementally deposited, and electrical transport measurement is performed in situ at each step. The results show a homogeneous metal NW is obtained at a thickness as small as 0.9 nm with a cross-section of only a few nm2. The high degree of control in the location, separation, and orientation of the DNA NWs affords this method great promise in fabricating complex nanodevices based on metal NWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Barreda
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Longqian Hu
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Liuqi Yu
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Jacob Hudis
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Timothy D Keiper
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Junfei Xia
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jingjiao Guan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Peng Xiong
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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18
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Gau M, Egger R, Zazunov A, Gefen Y. Driven Dissipative Majorana Dark Spaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:147701. [PMID: 33064546 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.147701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pure quantum states can be stabilized in open quantum systems subject to external driving forces and dissipation by environmental modes. We show that driven dissipative (DD) Majorana devices offer key advantages for stabilizing degenerate state manifolds ("dark spaces") and for manipulating states in dark spaces, both with respect to native (non-DD) Majorana devices and to DD platforms with topologically trivial building blocks. For two tunnel-coupled Majorana boxes, using otherwise only standard hardware elements (e.g., a noisy electromagnetic environment and quantum dots with driven tunnel links), we propose a dark qubit encoding. We anticipate exceptionally high fault tolerance levels due to a conspiracy of DD-based autonomous error correction and topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gau
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reinhold Egger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alex Zazunov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yuval Gefen
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
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19
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Ottar Klausen K, Sitek A, Erlingsson SI, Manolescu A. Majorana zero modes in nanowires with combined triangular and hexagonal geometry. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:354001. [PMID: 32408282 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab932e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of geometry on the hosting of Majorana zero modes are explored in core-shell nanowires with a hexagonal core and a triangular shell, and vice versa. The energy interval separating electronic states localized in the corners from states localized on the sides of the shell is shown to be larger for a triangular nanowire with a hexagonal core, than a triangular one. We build the topological phase diagram for both cases and compare them to earlier work on prismatic nanowires with matching core and shell geometry. We suggest that a dual core nanowire is needed to allow for braiding operations of Majorana zero modes at the nanowire end plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan Ottar Klausen
- Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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20
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Wang Y, Šikola T, Kolíbal M. Collector Droplet Behavior during Formation of Nanowire Junctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6498-6504. [PMID: 32787234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Formation of nanowire networks is an appealing strategy for demonstrating novel phenomena at the nanoscale, e.g., detection of Majorana Fermions, as well as an essential step in realizing complex nanowire-based architectures. However, a detailed description of mechanisms taking place during growth of such complex structures is lacking. Here, the experimental observations of gold-catalyzed germanium nanowire junction formation are explained utilizing phase field modeling corroborated with real-time in situ scanning electron microscopy. When the two nanowires collide head on during the growth, we observe two scenarios. (i) Two catalytic droplets merge into one, and the growth continues as a single nanowire. (ii) The droplets merge and subsequently split again, giving rise to the growth of two daughter nanowires. Both the experiments and modeling indicate the critical importance of the liquid-solid growth interface anisotropy and the growth kinetics in facilitating the structural transition during the nanowire merging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tomáš Šikola
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kolíbal
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Fu W, Yao N, Ke SS, Guo Y, Lü HF. Leakage of Majorana bound states in an inhomogeneous topological nanowire. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:435602. [PMID: 32604083 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aba154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present an exact solution of the continuum Bogolyubov-de-Gennes Hamiltonian for Majorana bound states (MBSs) generated in a superconductor-semiconductor hybrid topological nanowire. The full energy spectra that include the band states and in-gap states could be obtained. We show that for relatively short wire length, the zero energy mode could be induced even in the topological trivial regime, which also indicates oscillatory dependence on the chemical potential. With the increase of the Zeeman field, the MBSs are almost fully spin-polarized and do not localize at the wire ends gradually. We also extend our discussion to the property of Majorana modes in an inhomogeneous nanowire, in which a local gate voltage is applied to one end of the nanowire. It is found that the local potential barrier or well could modulate the Majorana energy splitting periodically. The leakage of MBSs to the potential region is exponentially suppressed for the barrier case. A potential well could induce near-zero-energy bound states and these states merge with MBSs, leading to the delocalization of MBSs. In the potential well region, both the spin-up and spin-down components of the trivial states account for a significant proportion, which can be detected experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
- College of Optoelectronics Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-Sha Ke
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Lü
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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22
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Manousakis J, Wille C, Altland A, Egger R, Flensberg K, Hassler F. Weak Measurement Protocols for Majorana Bound State Identification. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:096801. [PMID: 32202888 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.096801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a continuous weak measurement protocol testing the nonlocality of Majorana bound states through current shot noise correlations. The experimental setup contains a topological superconductor island with three normal-conducting leads weakly coupled to different Majorana states. Putting one lead at finite voltage and measuring the shot noise correlations between the other two (grounded) leads, devices with true Majorana states are distinguished from those without by strong current correlations. The presence of true Majorana states manifests itself in unusually high noise levels or the near absence of noise, depending on the chosen device configuration. Monitoring the noise statistics amounts to a weak continuous measurement of the Majorana qubit and yields information similar to that of a full braiding protocol, but at much lower experimental effort. Our theory can be adapted to different platforms and should allow for the clear identification of Majorana states.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Manousakis
- Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Wille
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Altland
- Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - R Egger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Heinrich Heine Universität, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - K Flensberg
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Hassler
- JARA-Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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