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Jiang L, Yang J, Gao X, Huang J, Liu Q, Fu L. In vivo imaging of vagal-induced myenteric plexus responses in gastrointestinal tract with an optical window. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8123. [PMID: 39285207 PMCID: PMC11405534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The vagus nerve (VN) extensively innervates the gastric enteric nervous system (ENS), but its influence on gastric ENS functionality and motility in vivo remains unclear due to technical challenges. Here we describe a method for stable, long-term observation of gastric ENS activity and muscle dynamics at cellular resolution, which can also be extended to intestinal applications. This method involves ENS-specific labeling and the implantation of an abdominal wall window for optical recording in male mice. In vivo calcium imaging reveals a linear relationship between vagal stimulation frequency and myenteric neuron activation in gastric antrum. Furthermore, the motility of gastric antrum is significantly enhanced and shows a positive correlation with the intensity and number of activated myenteric neurons. While vagal stimulation also activates proximal colonic myenteric neurons, this activation is not frequency-dependent and does not induce proximal colonic motility. The method and results provide important insights into VN-ENS interactions in vivo, advancing our understanding of gastrointestinal motility regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjie Jiang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiujuan Gao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiangfeng Huang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ling Fu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
- Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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2
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Ou Z, Duh YS, Rommelfanger NJ, Keck CHC, Jiang S, Brinson K, Zhao S, Schmidt EL, Wu X, Yang F, Cai B, Cui H, Qi W, Wu S, Tantry A, Roth R, Ding J, Chen X, Kaltschmidt JA, Brongersma ML, Hong G. Achieving optical transparency in live animals with absorbing molecules. Science 2024; 385:eadm6869. [PMID: 39236186 PMCID: PMC11931656 DOI: 10.1126/science.adm6869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Optical imaging plays a central role in biology and medicine but is hindered by light scattering in live tissue. We report the counterintuitive observation that strongly absorbing molecules can achieve optical transparency in live animals. We explored the physics behind this observation and found that when strongly absorbing molecules dissolve in water, they can modify the refractive index of the aqueous medium through the Kramers-Kronig relations to match that of high-index tissue components such as lipids. We have demonstrated that our straightforward approach can reversibly render a live mouse body transparent to allow visualization of a wide range of deep-seated structures and activities. This work suggests that the search for high-performance optical clearing agents should focus on strongly absorbing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford; CA, USA
| | - Yi-Shiou Duh
- Department of Physics, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Rommelfanger
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford; CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carl H. C. Keck
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford; CA, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford; CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Brinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford; CA, USA
| | - Su Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford; CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Schmidt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford; CA, USA
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford; CA, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford; CA, USA
| | - Betty Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Han Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford; CA, USA
| | - Wei Qi
- Department of Biology, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shifu Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford; CA, USA
| | - Adarsh Tantry
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford; CA, USA
- Neurosciences IDP Graduate program, Stanford University; Stanford, CA
| | - Richard Roth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoke Chen
- Department of Biology, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia A. Kaltschmidt
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford; CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark L. Brongersma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford; CA, USA
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3
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Yang L, Yan C, Tao S, He Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Wu Y, Liu N, Qin Y. In Vivo Imaging of Rabbit Follicles through Combining Ultrasound Bio-Microscopy and Intravital Window. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1727. [PMID: 38929346 PMCID: PMC11200761 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous ovarian imaging has been proven to be a method for monitoring the development of follicles in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of combining ultrasound bio-microscopy (UBM) with an intravital window for follicle imaging in rabbits and to monitor the ovarian dynamic processes. New Zealand White female rabbits (n = 10) received ovarian translocation to a subcutaneous position. The ovarian tissue was sutured onto the abdominal muscles and covered with an intravital window for the continuous monitoring of the follicles using UBM. Results show that physiological changes (red blood cell and white blood cell counts, feed intake, and body weight change) in rabbits induced by surgery returned to normal physiological levels in one week. Furthermore, UBM could provide high-resolution imaging of follicles through the intravital window. Daily monitoring of ovarian dynamic processes for 6 days displayed variabilities in follicle counts and size. Collectively, these results provide a relatively new method to monitor ovarian dynamic processes and to understand the reproductive physiology of female rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Siming Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifeilong He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Chang H, Perkins MH, Novaes LS, Qian F, Han W, de Araujo IE. An Amygdalar-Vagal-Glandular Circuit Controls the Intestinal Microbiome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.02.594027. [PMID: 38853855 PMCID: PMC11160750 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.02.594027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Psychological states can regulate intestinal mucosal immunity by altering the gut microbiome. However, the link between the brain and microbiome composition remains elusive. We show that Brunner's glands in the duodenal submucosa couple brain activity to intestinal bacterial homeostasis. Brunner's glands mediated the enrichment of gut probiotic species in response to stimulation of abdominal vagal fibers. Cell-specific ablation of the glands triggered transmissible dysbiosis associated with an immunodeficiency syndrome that led to mortality upon gut infection with pathogens. The syndrome could be largely prevented by oral or intra-intestinal administration of probiotics. In the forebrain, we identified a vagally-mediated, polysynaptic circuit connecting the glands of Brunner to the central nucleus of the amygdala. Intra-vital imaging revealed that excitation of central amygdala neurons activated Brunner's glands and promoted the growth of probiotic populations. Our findings unveil a vagal-glandular neuroimmune circuitry that may be targeted for the modulation of the gut microbiome. The glands of Brunner may be the critical cells that regulate the levels of Lactobacilli species in the intestine.
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Wang C, Hezam K, Fu E, Pan K, Liu Y, Li Z. In vivo tracking of mesenchymal stem cell dynamics and therapeutics in LPS-induced acute lung injury models. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:114013. [PMID: 38555014 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used to treat various inflammatory and immune-related diseases in preclinical and clinical settings. Intravital microscopy (IVM) is considered the gold standard for investigating pathophysiological conditions in living animals. However, the potential for real-time monitoring of MSCs in the pulmonary microenvironment remains underexplored. In this study, we first constructed a lung window and captured changes in the lung at the cellular level under both inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions with a microscope. We further investigated the dynamics and effects of MSCs under two different conditions. Meanwhile, we assessed the alterations in the adhesive capacity of vascular endothelial cells in vitro to investigate the underlying mechanisms of MSC retention in an inflammatory environment. This study emphasizes the importance of the "lung window" for live imaging of the cellular behavior of MSCs by vein injection. Moreover, our results revealed that the upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) in endothelial cells post-inflammatory injury could enhance MSC retention in the lung, further ameliorating acute lung injury. In summary, intravital microscopy imaging provides a practical method to investigate the therapeutic effects of MSCs in acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin 300052, China; The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Kamal Hezam
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Enze Fu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kai Pan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin 300052, China; The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450016, China.
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6
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Peng X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Qi S. Intravital imaging of the functions of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment during immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1288273. [PMID: 38124754 PMCID: PMC10730658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has developed rapidly in recent years and stands as one of the most promising techniques for combating cancer. To develop and optimize cancer immunotherapy, it is crucial to comprehend the interactions between immune cells and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is complex, with the distribution and function of immune cells undergoing dynamic changes. There are several research techniques to study the TME, and intravital imaging emerges as a powerful tool for capturing the spatiotemporal dynamics, especially the movement behavior and the immune function of various immune cells in real physiological state. Intravital imaging has several advantages, such as high spatio-temporal resolution, multicolor, dynamic and 4D detection, making it an invaluable tool for visualizing the dynamic processes in the TME. This review summarizes the workflow for intravital imaging technology, multi-color labeling methods, optical imaging windows, methods of imaging data analysis and the latest research in visualizing the spatio-temporal dynamics and function of immune cells in the TME. It is essential to investigate the role played by immune cells in the tumor immune response through intravital imaging. The review deepens our understanding of the unique contribution of intravital imaging to improve the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Peng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuke Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuhong Qi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Almagro J, Messal HA. Volume imaging to interrogate cancer cell-tumor microenvironment interactions in space and time. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176594. [PMID: 37261345 PMCID: PMC10228654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Volume imaging visualizes the three-dimensional (3D) complexity of tumors to unravel the dynamic crosstalk between cancer cells and the heterogeneous landscape of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tissue clearing and intravital microscopy (IVM) constitute rapidly progressing technologies to study the architectural context of such interactions. Tissue clearing enables high-resolution imaging of large samples, allowing for the characterization of entire tumors and even organs and organisms with tumors. With IVM, the dynamic engagement between cancer cells and the TME can be visualized in 3D over time, allowing for acquisition of 4D data. Together, tissue clearing and IVM have been critical in the examination of cancer-TME interactions and have drastically advanced our knowledge in fundamental cancer research and clinical oncology. This review provides an overview of the current technical repertoire of fluorescence volume imaging technologies to study cancer and the TME, and discusses how their recent applications have been utilized to advance our fundamental understanding of tumor architecture, stromal and immune infiltration, vascularization and innervation, and to explore avenues for immunotherapy and optimized chemotherapy delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Almagro
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hendrik A. Messal
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Honda M, Kadohisa M, Yoshii D, Komohara Y, Hibi T. Intravital imaging of immune responses in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:9. [PMID: 36737792 PMCID: PMC9896837 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, many kinds of immune cells have been identified, but their precise roles in intestinal immunity remain unclear. Understanding the in vivo behavior of these immune cells and their function in gastrointestinal inflammation, including colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and neutrophil extracellular traps, is critical for gastrointestinal research to proceed to the next step. Additionally, understanding the immune responses involved in gastrointestinal tumors and tissue repair is becoming increasingly important for the elucidation of disease mechanisms that have been unknown. In recent years, the application of intravital microscopy in gastrointestinal research has provided novel insights into the mechanisms of intestine-specific events including innate and adaptive immunities. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of intravital imaging in gastrointestinal research and describe how to observe the intestines and immune cells using intravital microscopy. Additionally, we outline novel findings obtained by this new technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556 Japan
| | - Masashi Kadohisa
- grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556 Japan
| | - Daiki Yoshii
- grid.411152.20000 0004 0407 1295Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749Department of Cell Pathology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556 Japan
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9
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Romero G, Park J, Koehler F, Pralle A, Anikeeva P. Modulating cell signalling in vivo with magnetic nanotransducers. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 2:92. [PMID: 38111858 PMCID: PMC10727510 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Weak magnetic fields offer nearly lossless transmission of signals within biological tissue. Magnetic nanomaterials are capable of transducing magnetic fields into a range of biologically relevant signals in vitro and in vivo. These nanotransducers have recently enabled magnetic control of cellular processes, from neuronal firing and gene expression to programmed apoptosis. Effective implementation of magnetically controlled cellular signalling relies on careful tailoring of magnetic nanotransducers and magnetic fields to the responses of the intended molecular targets. This primer discusses the versatility of magnetic modulation modalities and offers practical guidelines for selection of appropriate materials and field parameters, with a particular focus on applications in neuroscience. With recent developments in magnetic instrumentation and nanoparticle chemistries, including those that are commercially available, magnetic approaches promise to empower research aimed at connecting molecular and cellular signalling to physiology and behaviour in untethered moving subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Romero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Florian Koehler
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arnd Pralle
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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10
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Scheele CLGJ, Herrmann D, Yamashita E, Celso CL, Jenne CN, Oktay MH, Entenberg D, Friedl P, Weigert R, Meijboom FLB, Ishii M, Timpson P, van Rheenen J. Multiphoton intravital microscopy of rodents. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 2:89. [PMID: 37621948 PMCID: PMC10449057 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00168-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Tissues are heterogeneous with respect to cellular and non-cellular components and in the dynamic interactions between these elements. To study the behaviour and fate of individual cells in these complex tissues, intravital microscopy (IVM) techniques such as multiphoton microscopy have been developed to visualize intact and live tissues at cellular and subcellular resolution. IVM experiments have revealed unique insights into the dynamic interplay between different cell types and their local environment, and how this drives morphogenesis and homeostasis of tissues, inflammation and immune responses, and the development of various diseases. This Primer introduces researchers to IVM technologies, with a focus on multiphoton microscopy of rodents, and discusses challenges, solutions and practical tips on how to perform IVM. To illustrate the unique potential of IVM, several examples of results are highlighted. Finally, we discuss data reproducibility and how to handle big imaging data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colinda L. G. J. Scheele
- Laboratory for Intravital Imaging and Dynamics of Tumor Progression, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Herrmann
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Department, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erika Yamashita
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Hematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Sir Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Craig N. Jenne
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maja H. Oktay
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Franck L. B. Meijboom
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Sustainable Animal Stewardship, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Faculty of Humanities, Ethics Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Department, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Pan C, Winkler F. Insights and opportunities at the crossroads of cancer and neuroscience. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1454-1460. [PMID: 36097070 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The biological and pathological importance of mutual interactions between the nervous system and cancer have become increasingly evident. The emerging field of cancer neuroscience aims to decipher key signalling factors of cancer-nervous system crosstalk and to exploit these modulators as targets for improved anticancer therapies. Here we discuss the key achievements in cancer neuroscience research, inspire further interactions on a variety of related research topics, and provide a roadmap for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Pan
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Zhang T, Perkins MH, Chang H, Han W, de Araujo IE. An inter-organ neural circuit for appetite suppression. Cell 2022; 185:2478-2494.e28. [PMID: 35662413 PMCID: PMC9433108 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a signal peptide released from enteroendocrine cells of the lower intestine. GLP-1 exerts anorectic and antimotility actions that protect the body against nutrient malabsorption. However, little is known about how intestinal GLP-1 affects distant organs despite rapid enzymatic inactivation. We show that intestinal GLP-1 inhibits gastric emptying and eating via intestinofugal neurons, a subclass of myenteric neurons that project to abdominal sympathetic ganglia. Remarkably, cell-specific ablation of intestinofugal neurons eliminated intestinal GLP-1 effects, and their chemical activation functioned as a GLP-1 mimetic. GLP-1 sensing by intestinofugal neurons then engaged a sympatho-gastro-spinal-reticular-hypothalamic pathway that links abnormal stomach distension to craniofacial programs for food rejection. Within this pathway, cell-specific activation of discrete neuronal populations caused systemic GLP-1-like effects. These molecularly identified, delimited enteric circuits may be targeted to ameliorate the abdominal bloating and loss of appetite typical of gastric motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China,Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Matthew H. Perkins
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hao Chang
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wenfei Han
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA,Correspondence: (W.H.), (I.E.d.A.)
| | - Ivan E. de Araujo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA,Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies in Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA,Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence: (W.H.), (I.E.d.A.)
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13
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Mercado-Perez A, Beyder A. Gut feelings: mechanosensing in the gastrointestinal tract. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:283-296. [PMID: 35022607 PMCID: PMC9059832 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The primary function of the gut is to procure nutrients. Synchronized mechanical activities underlie nearly all its endeavours. Coordination of mechanical activities depends on sensing of the mechanical forces, in a process called mechanosensation. The gut has a range of mechanosensory cells. They function either as specialized mechanoreceptors, which convert mechanical stimuli into coordinated physiological responses at the organ level, or as non-specialized mechanosensory cells that adjust their function based on the mechanical state of their environment. All major cell types in the gastrointestinal tract contain subpopulations that act as specialized mechanoreceptors: epithelia, smooth muscle, neurons, immune cells, and others. These cells are tuned to the physical properties of the surrounding tissue, so they can discriminate mechanical stimuli from the baseline mechanical state. The importance of gastrointestinal mechanosensation has long been recognized, but the latest discoveries of molecular identities of mechanosensors and technical advances that resolve the relevant circuitry have poised the field to make important intellectual leaps. This Review describes the mechanical factors relevant for normal function, as well as the molecules, cells and circuits involved in gastrointestinal mechanosensing. It concludes by outlining important unanswered questions in gastrointestinal mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Mercado-Perez
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Arthur Beyder
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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14
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Pizzagalli DU, Pulfer A, Thelen M, Krause R, Gonzalez SF. In Vivo Motility Patterns Displayed by Immune Cells Under Inflammatory Conditions. Front Immunol 2022; 12:804159. [PMID: 35046959 PMCID: PMC8762290 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.804159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of immune cells plays a key role in inflammation. This is evident in the fact that inflammatory stimuli elicit a broad range of migration patterns in immune cells. Since these patterns are pivotal for initiating the immune response, their dysregulation is associated with life-threatening conditions including organ failure, chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer, amongst others. Over the last two decades, thanks to advancements in the intravital microscopy technology, it has become possible to visualize cell migration in living organisms with unprecedented resolution, helping to deconstruct hitherto unexplored aspects of the immune response associated with the dynamism of cells. However, a comprehensive classification of the main motility patterns of immune cells observed in vivo, along with their relevance to the inflammatory process, is still lacking. In this review we defined cell actions as motility patterns displayed by immune cells, which are associated with a specific role during the immune response. In this regard, we summarize the main actions performed by immune cells during intravital microscopy studies. For each of these actions, we provide a consensus name, a definition based on morphodynamic properties, and the biological contexts in which it was reported. Moreover, we provide an overview of the computational methods that were employed for the quantification, fostering an interdisciplinary approach to study the immune system from imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ulisse Pizzagalli
- Istituto di Ricerca in Biomedicina (IRB), Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Euler institute, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Alain Pulfer
- Istituto di Ricerca in Biomedicina (IRB), Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Istituto di Ricerca in Biomedicina (IRB), Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Krause
- Euler institute, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Santiago F. Gonzalez
- Istituto di Ricerca in Biomedicina (IRB), Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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15
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Chen S, Huang H, Liu Y, Wang C, Chen X, Chang Y, Li Y, Guo Z, Han Z, Han ZC, Zhao Q, Chen XM, Li Z. Renal subcapsular delivery of PGE 2 promotes kidney repair by activating endogenous Sox9 + stem cells. iScience 2021; 24:103243. [PMID: 34746706 PMCID: PMC8554536 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has recently been recognized to play a role in immune regulation and tissue regeneration. However, the short half-life of PGE2 limits its clinical application. Improving the delivery of PGE2 specifically to the target organ with a prolonged release method is highly desirable. Taking advantage of the adequate space and proximity of the renal parenchyma, renal subcapsular delivery allows minimally invasive and effective delivery to the entire kidney. Here, we report that by covalently cross-linking it to a collagen matrix, PGE2 exhibits an adequate long-term presence in the kidney with extensive intraparenchymal penetration through renal subcapsular delivery and significantly improves kidney function. Sox9 cell lineage tracing with intravital microscopy revealed that PGE2 could activate the endogenous renal progenitor Sox9+ cells through the Yap signaling pathway. Our results highlight the prospects of utilizing renal subcapsular-based drug delivery and facilitate new applications of PGE2-releasing matrices for regenerative therapy. PGE2 exhibits an adequate long-term release by being covalently cross-linked to collagen The renal subcapsular space serves as a reservoir for the delivery of PGE2 Sox9+ renal progenitor cells can be lineage traced intravitally by microscopy PGE2 activates the endogenous renal progenitor Sox9+ cells through the YAP pathway
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.,The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoyan Huang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.,The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoniao Chen
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiao Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhibo Han
- Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Engineering Technologies for Cell Pharmaceutical, National Engineering Research Center for Cell Products, AmCellGene Co., Ltd., Tianjin China
| | - Zhong-Chao Han
- Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Engineering Technologies for Cell Pharmaceutical, National Engineering Research Center for Cell Products, AmCellGene Co., Ltd., Tianjin China.,Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Perinatal Stem Cells, Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co., Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.,The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100039, China
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16
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O'Sullivan JDB, Cruickshank SM, Withers PJ, Else KJ. Morphological variability in the mucosal attachment site of Trichuris muris revealed by X-ray microcomputed tomography. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:797-807. [PMID: 34216623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infections can be challenging to study because two dimensional light and electron microscopy are often limited in visualising complex and inaccessible attachment sites. Exemplifying this, Trichuris spp. inhabit a tunnel of epithelial cells within the host caecum and colon. A significant global burden of this infection persists, partly because available anthelminthics lack efficacy, although the mechanisms underlying this remain unknown. Consequently, there is a need to pioneer new approaches to better characterize the parasite niche within the host and investigate how variation in its morphology and integrity may contribute to resistance to therapeutic intervention. To address these aims, we exploited three-dimensional X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT) to image the mouse whipworm, Trichuris muris, in caeca of wild-type C57BL/6 and SCID mice ex vivo. Using osmium tetroxide staining to effectively enhance the contrast of worms, we found that a subset exhibited preferential positioning towards the bases of the intestinal crypts. Moreover, in one rare event, we demonstrated whipworm traversal of the lamina propria. This morphological variability contradicts widely accepted conclusions from conventional microscopy of the parasite niche, showing Trichuris in close contact with the host proliferative and immune compartments that may facilitate immunomodulation. Furthermore, by using a skeletonization-based approach we demonstrate considerable variation in tunnel length and integrity. The qualitative and quantitative observations provide a new morphological point of reference for future in vitro study of host-Trichuris interactions, and highlight the potential of microCT to characterise enigmatic host-parasite interactions more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D B O'Sullivan
- Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena M Cruickshank
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Withers
- Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J Else
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
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17
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Garrett A, Rakhilin N, Wang N, McKey J, Cofer G, Anderson RB, Capel B, Johnson GA, Shen X. Mapping the peripheral nervous system in the whole mouse via compressed sensing tractography. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33979784 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the central nervous system with the rest of the body to regulate many physiological functions and is therapeutically targeted to treat diseases such as epilepsy, depression, intestinal dysmotility, chronic pain, and more. However, we still lack understanding of PNS innervation in most organs because the large span, diffuse nature, and small terminal nerve bundle fibers have precluded whole-organism, high resolution mapping of the PNS. We sought to produce a comprehensive peripheral nerve atlas for use in future interrogation of neural circuitry and selection of targets for neuromodulation.Approach.We used diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) with high-speed compressed sensing to generate a tractogram of the whole mouse PNS. The tractography generated from the DT-MRI data is validated using lightsheet microscopy on optically cleared, antibody stained tissue.Main results.Herein we demonstrate the first comprehensive PNS tractography in a whole mouse. Using this technique, we scanned the whole mouse in 28 h and mapped PNS innervation and fiber network in multiple organs including heart, lung, liver, kidneys, stomach, intestines, and bladder at 70µm resolution. This whole-body PNS tractography map has provided unparalleled information; for example, it delineates the innervation along the gastrointestinal tract by multiple sacral levels and by the vagal nerves. The map enabled a quantitative tractogram that revealed relative innervation of the major organs by each vertebral foramen as well as the vagus nerve.Significance.This novel high-resolution nerve atlas provides a potential roadmap for future neuromodulation therapies and other investigations into the neural circuits which drive homeostasis and disease throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliesha Garrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Nikolai Rakhilin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Nian Wang
- Duke Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jennifer McKey
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Gary Cofer
- Duke Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Robert Bj Anderson
- Duke Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - G Allan Johnson
- Duke Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
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18
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Murphy KJ, Reed DA, Trpceski M, Herrmann D, Timpson P. Quantifying and visualising the nuances of cellular dynamics in vivo using intravital imaging. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:41-53. [PMID: 34091131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intravital imaging is a powerful technology used to quantify and track dynamic changes in live cells and tissues within an intact environment. The ability to watch cell biology in real-time 'as it happens' has provided novel insight into tissue homeostasis, as well as disease initiation, progression and response to treatment. In this minireview, we highlight recent advances in the field of intravital microscopy, touching upon advances in awake versus anaesthesia-based approaches, as well as the integration of biosensors into intravital imaging. We also discuss current challenges that, in our opinion, need to be overcome to further advance the field of intravital imaging at the single-cell, subcellular and molecular resolution to reveal nuances of cell behaviour that can be targeted in complex disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendelle J Murphy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel A Reed
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Trpceski
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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19
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Jacquemin G, Benavente-Diaz M, Djaber S, Bore A, Dangles-Marie V, Surdez D, Tajbakhsh S, Fre S, Lloyd-Lewis B. Longitudinal high-resolution imaging through a flexible intravital imaging window. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/25/eabg7663. [PMID: 34134982 PMCID: PMC8208712 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg7663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful technique that enables imaging of internal tissues at (sub)cellular resolutions in living animals. Here, we present a silicone-based imaging window consisting of a fully flexible, sutureless design that is ideally suited for long-term, longitudinal IVM of growing tissues and tumors. Crucially, we show that this window, without any customization, is suitable for numerous anatomical locations in mice using a rapid and standardized implantation procedure. This low-cost device represents a substantial technological and performance advance that facilitates intravital imaging in diverse contexts in higher organisms, opening previously unattainable avenues for in vivo imaging of soft and fragile tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jacquemin
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Maria Benavente-Diaz
- Stem Cells & Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Complexité du Vivant, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Samir Djaber
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Aurélien Bore
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- CRISPR'it, Platform for Genetic Screens, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Virginie Dangles-Marie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- In vivo Experiment Platform, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Didier Surdez
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie Research Centre, Paris, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells & Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Fre
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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20
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Khan Mirzaei M, Deng L. New technologies for developing phage-based tools to manipulate the human microbiome. Trends Microbiol 2021; 30:131-142. [PMID: 34016512 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut bacteria play an essential role in the human body by regulating multiple functions, producing essential metabolites, protecting against pathogen invasion, and much more. Conversely, changes in their community structure are linked to several gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI conditions. Fortunately, these bacteria are amenable to external perturbations, but we need specific tools for their safe manipulation as nonspecific changes can cause unpredicted long-term consequences. Here, we mainly discuss recent advances in cultivation-independent technologies and argue their relevance to different key steps, that is, identifying the modulation targets and developing phage-based tools to precisely modulate gut bacteria and restore a sustainable microbiome in humans. We finally suggest multiple modulating strategies for different dysbiosis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Khan Mirzaei
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich and Technical University of Munich, Neuherberg, Bavaria 85764, Germany
| | - Li Deng
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich and Technical University of Munich, Neuherberg, Bavaria 85764, Germany.
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21
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Huang Q, Garrett A, Bose S, Blocker S, Rios AC, Clevers H, Shen X. The frontier of live tissue imaging across space and time. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:603-622. [PMID: 33798422 PMCID: PMC8034393 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
What you see is what you get-imaging techniques have long been essential for visualization and understanding of tissue development, homeostasis, and regeneration, which are driven by stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Advances in molecular and tissue modeling techniques in the last decade are providing new imaging modalities to explore tissue heterogeneity and plasticity. Here we describe current state-of-the-art imaging modalities for tissue research at multiple scales, with a focus on explaining key tradeoffs such as spatial resolution, penetration depth, capture time/frequency, and moieties. We explore emerging tissue modeling and molecular tools that improve resolution, specificity, and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 Shaanxi, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Aliesha Garrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shree Bose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Stephanie Blocker
- Center for In Vitro Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anne C Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Research, Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Research, Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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22
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Fung C, Vanden Berghe P. Functional circuits and signal processing in the enteric nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4505-4522. [PMID: 32424438 PMCID: PMC7599184 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an extensive network comprising millions of neurons and glial cells contained within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The major functions of the ENS that have been most studied include the regulation of local gut motility, secretion, and blood flow. Other areas that have been gaining increased attention include its interaction with the immune system, with the gut microbiota and its involvement in the gut-brain axis, and neuro-epithelial interactions. Thus, the enteric circuitry plays a central role in intestinal homeostasis, and this becomes particularly evident when there are faults in its wiring such as in neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we first focus on the current knowledge on the cellular composition of enteric circuits. We then further discuss how enteric circuits detect and process external information, how these signals may be modulated by physiological and pathophysiological factors, and finally, how outputs are generated for integrated gut function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Fung
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Huang Q, Cohen MA, Alsina FC, Devlin G, Garrett A, McKey J, Havlik P, Rakhilin N, Wang E, Xiang K, Mathews P, Wang L, Bock C, Ruthig V, Wang Y, Negrete M, Wong CW, Murthy PKL, Zhang S, Daniel AR, Kirsch DG, Kang Y, Capel B, Asokan A, Silver DL, Jaenisch R, Shen X. Intravital imaging of mouse embryos. Science 2020; 368:181-186. [PMID: 32273467 PMCID: PMC7646360 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic development is a complex process that is unamenable to direct observation. In this study, we implanted a window to the mouse uterus to visualize the developing embryo from embryonic day 9.5 to birth. This removable intravital window allowed manipulation and high-resolution imaging. In live mouse embryos, we observed transient neurotransmission and early vascularization of neural crest cell (NCC)-derived perivascular cells in the brain, autophagy in the retina, viral gene delivery, and chemical diffusion through the placenta. We combined the imaging window with in utero electroporation to label and track cell division and movement within embryos and observed that clusters of mouse NCC-derived cells expanded in interspecies chimeras, whereas adjacent human donor NCC-derived cells shrank. This technique can be combined with various tissue manipulation and microscopy methods to study the processes of development at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Malkiel A Cohen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fernando C Alsina
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Garth Devlin
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aliesha Garrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer McKey
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Havlik
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nikolai Rakhilin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Parker Mathews
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cheryl Bock
- Duke Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Victor Ruthig
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marcos Negrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chi Wut Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Preetish K L Murthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shupei Zhang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrea R Daniel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Debra L Silver
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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24
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Allan-Rahill NH, Lamont MRE, Chilian WM, Nishimura N, Small DM. Intravital Microscopy of the Beating Murine Heart to Understand Cardiac Leukocyte Dynamics. Front Immunol 2020; 11:92. [PMID: 32117249 PMCID: PMC7010807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of worldwide mortality. Intravital microscopy has provided unprecedented insight into leukocyte biology by enabling the visualization of dynamic responses within living organ systems at the cell-scale. The heart presents a uniquely dynamic microenvironment driven by periodic, synchronous electrical conduction leading to rhythmic contractions of cardiomyocytes, and phasic coronary blood flow. In addition to functions shared throughout the body, immune cells have specific functions in the heart including tissue-resident macrophage-facilitated electrical conduction and rapid monocyte infiltration upon injury. Leukocyte responses to cardiac pathologies, including myocardial infarction and heart failure, have been well-studied using standard techniques, however, certain questions related to spatiotemporal relationships remain unanswered. Intravital imaging techniques could greatly benefit our understanding of the complexities of in vivo leukocyte behavior within cardiac tissue, but these techniques have been challenging to apply. Different approaches have been developed including high frame rate imaging of the beating heart, explantation models, micro-endoscopy, and mechanical stabilization coupled with various acquisition schemes to overcome challenges specific to the heart. The field of cardiac science has only begun to benefit from intravital microscopy techniques. The current focused review presents an overview of leukocyte responses in the heart, recent developments in intravital microscopy for the murine heart, and a discussion of future developments and applications for cardiovascular immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel H Allan-Rahill
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Michael R E Lamont
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - David M Small
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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