1
|
Liu X, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Cui X, Yang D, Li Y. Octreotide attenuates intestinal barrier damage by maintaining basal autophagy in Caco2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:90. [PMID: 38577927 PMCID: PMC11019401 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal barrier is of great importance for maintaining the stability of the internal environment, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of intestinal inflammation. Octreotide (OCT) has potential applicable clinical value for treating intestinal injury according to previous studies, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. This article is based on a cell model of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), aiming to explore the effects of OCT in protecting intestinal mucosal barrier function. A Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay was used to determine cell viability and evaluate the effectiveness of OCT. Gene silencing technology was used to reveal the mediated effect of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2). The changes in intestinal permeability were detected through trans‑epithelial electrical resistance and fluorescein isothiocyanate‑dextran 4 experiments, and the alterations in tight junction proteins were detected using immunoblotting and reverse transcription fluorescence‑quantitative PCR technology. Autophagosomes were observed by electron microscopy and the dynamic changes of the autophagy process were characterized by light chain (LC)3‑II/LC3‑I conversion and autophagic flow. The results indicated that SSTR2‑dependent OCT can prevent the decrease in cell activity. After LPS treatment, the permeability of monolayer cells decreased and intercellular tight junctions were disrupted, resulting in a decrease in tight junction protein zona occludens 1 in cells. The level of autophagy‑related protein LC3 was altered to varying degrees at different times. These abnormal changes gradually returned to normal levels after the combined application of LPS and SSTR2‑dependent OCT, confirming the role of OCT in protecting intestinal barrier function. These experimental results suggest that OCT maintains basal autophagy and cell activity mediated by SSTR2 in intestinal epithelial cells, thereby preventing the intestinal barrier dysfunction in inflammation injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xigang Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Donglin Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arora C, Matic M, Bisceglia L, Di Chiaro P, De Oliveira Rosa N, Carli F, Clubb L, Nemati Fard LA, Kargas G, Diaferia GR, Vukotic R, Licata L, Wu G, Natoli G, Gutkind JS, Raimondi F. The landscape of cancer-rewired GPCR signaling axes. Cell Genom 2024; 4:100557. [PMID: 38723607 PMCID: PMC11099383 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
We explored the dysregulation of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligand systems in cancer transcriptomics datasets to uncover new therapeutics opportunities in oncology. We derived an interaction network of receptors with ligands and their biosynthetic enzymes. Multiple GPCRs are differentially regulated together with their upstream partners across cancer subtypes and are associated to specific transcriptional programs and to patient survival patterns. The expression of both receptor-ligand (or enzymes) partners improved patient stratification, suggesting a synergistic role for the activation of GPCR networks in modulating cancer phenotypes. Remarkably, we identified many such axes across several cancer molecular subtypes, including many involving receptor-biosynthetic enzymes for neurotransmitters. We found that GPCRs from these actionable axes, including, e.g., muscarinic, adenosine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and chemokine receptors, are the targets of multiple drugs displaying anti-growth effects in large-scale, cancer cell drug screens, which we further validated. We have made the results generated in this study freely available through a webapp (gpcrcanceraxes.bioinfolab.sns.it).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chakit Arora
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marin Matic
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Bisceglia
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Di Chiaro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Natalia De Oliveira Rosa
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Carli
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lauren Clubb
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lorenzo Amir Nemati Fard
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgos Kargas
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Ranka Vukotic
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma, 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luana Licata
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Guanming Wu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie H, Liu W, Yang M. A bibliometric study of the nasopharyngeal cancer immunotherapy knowledge map. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37763. [PMID: 38640273 PMCID: PMC11029973 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, and stages III and IV are frequently diagnosed. In recent years, immunotherapy has achieved remarkable results in recurrent/metastatic NPC, and many studies related to immunotherapy for NPC have been published. However, to date, no relevant bibliometric studies have been published. The trends and research focus on NPC immunotherapy are analyzed in this study through bibliometric analysis, which is conducive to better understanding the status quo and future trends of immunotherapy for NPC. The Web of Science Core Collection was used to collect literature on NPC immunotherapy. These publications were analyzed using bibliometric methods from the aspects of country/region, institution, author (co-cited author), journal (co-cited journal), references, and keywords to determine the research focus and trends in the field. A total of 510 English studies were published between January 1, 2000 and September 1, 2023. The number of articles published increased rapidly in 2016. China ranked first in the number of publications (n = 254), followed by the United States (n = 127). Sun Yat-sen University had the largest number of publications (n = 74). In terms of authors, Comoli P is the most cited author among the co-cited authors. The journal publishing the largest number of studies on NPC immunotherapy is Frontiers in Oncology (impact factor (2022) = 4.7). Five of the top 10 highly cited publications came from China. Keyword analysis reveals that infiltrating lymphocytes, PD-L1, and the tumor microenvironment are recent research focuses on nasopharyngeal cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy research for nasopharyngeal cancer is a recent trend. Nasopharyngeal cancer immunotherapy research has mainly focused on immune checkpoint inhibitors and the tumor microenvironment. Notably, China has made significant contributions to this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Xie
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shen Y, Zhou R, Bi L, Huang G, Yang M, Li Z, Yao J, Xian J, Qiu Y, Ye P, Liu Y, Hou Y, Jin H, Wang Y. Synthesis and Evaluation of [ 64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn for PET Imaging of Transferrin Receptor 1 Expression in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ACS Omega 2024; 9:17423-17431. [PMID: 38645324 PMCID: PMC11024937 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
As recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common cause of death among patients with NPC, there is an urgent clinical need for the development of precision diagnosis to guide personalized treatment. Recent emerging evidence substantiates the increased expression of transferrin receptor 1 (also known as cluster of differentiation 71, CD71) within tumor tissues and the inherent targeting capability of natural heavy-chain ferritin (HFn) toward CD71. This study aimed to synthesize and assess a radiotracer ([64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn) designed to target CD71 for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in an NPC tumor-bearing mouse model. The entire radiolabeling process of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn was completed within 15 min with high yield (>98.5%) and high molar activity (72.96 ± 21.33 GBq/μmol). The in vitro solubility and stability experiments indicated that [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn had a high water solubility (log P = -2.42 ± 0.52, n = 6) and good stability in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for up to 48 h. The cell saturation binding assay indicated that [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn had a nanomolar affinity (Kd = 10.9 ± 6.1 nM) for CD71-overexpressing C666-1 cells. To test the target engagement in vivo, prolonged-time PET imaging was performed at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h postinjection (p.i.) of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn to C666-1 NPC tumor-bearing mice. The C666-1 tumors could be visualized by [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn and blocked by nonradiolabeled HFn. PET imaging quantitative analysis demonstrated that the uptake of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn in C666-1 tumors peaked at 6 h p.i. and the best radioactive tumor-to-muscle ratio was 10.53 ± 3.11 (n = 3). Ex vivo biodistribution assay at 6 h p.i. showed that the tumor uptakes were 1.43 ± 0.23%ID/g in the nonblock group and 0.92 ± 0.2%ID/g in the block group (n = 3, p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining confirmed positive expression of CD71 and the uptake of HFn in C666-1 tumor tissues. In conclusion, our experiments demonstrated that [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn possesses a very high target engagement for CD71-positive NPC tumors and provided a fundamental basis for further clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Shen
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Renwei Zhou
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Lei Bi
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Guolong Huang
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jijin Yao
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jianzhong Xian
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yifan Qiu
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Peizhen Ye
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yongshan Liu
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yuyi Hou
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao L, Pang Y, Fang J, Chen J, Zhou Y, Sun L, Wu H, Guo Z, Lin Q, Chen H. Design, Preclinical Evaluation, and Clinical Translation of 68Ga-FAPI-LM3, a Heterobivalent Molecule for PET Imaging of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:394-401. [PMID: 38176714 PMCID: PMC10924156 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitors (FAPIs) and p-Cl-Phe-cyclo(d-Cys-Tyr-d-4-amino-Phe(carbamoyl)-Lys-Thr-Cys)d-Tyr-NH2 (LM3) peptides for imaging of FAP and somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2)-positive tumors. In this study, we designed and synthesized a FAPI-LM3 heterobivalent molecule radiolabeled with 68Ga and evaluated its effectiveness in both tumor xenografts and patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: The synthesis of FAPI-LM3 was based on the structures of FAPI-46 and LM3. After radiolabeling with 68Ga, its dual-receptor-binding affinity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Preclinical studies, including small-animal PET and biodistribution evaluation, were conducted on HT-1080-FAP and HT-1080-SSTR2 tumor xenografts. The feasibility of 68Ga-FAPI-LM3 PET/CT in a clinical setting was evaluated in patients with NPC, and the results were compared with those of 18F-FDG. Results: 68Ga-FAPI-LM3 showed high affinity for both FAP and SSTR2. The tumor uptake of 68Ga-FAPI-LM3 was significantly higher than that of 68Ga-FAPI-46 and 68Ga-DOTA-LM3 in HT-1080-FAP-plus-HT-1080-SSTR2 tumor xenografts. In a clinical study involving 6 NPC patients, 68Ga-FAPI-LM3 PET/CT showed significantly higher uptake than did 18F-FDG in primary and metastatic lesions, leading to enhanced lesion detectability and tumor delineation. Conclusion: 68Ga-FAPI-LM3 exhibited FAPI and SSTR2 dual-receptor-targeting properties both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in improved tumor uptake and retention compared with that observed with monomeric 68Ga-FAPI and 68Ga-DOTA-LM3. This study highlights the clinical feasibility of 68Ga-FAPI-LM3 PET/CT for NPC imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yizhen Pang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianyang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; and
| | - Jianhao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yangfan Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; and
| | - Qin Lin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haojun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China;
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bell D. Top IHC/ISH Hacks for and Molecular Surrogates of Poorly Differentiated Sinonasal Small Round Cell Tumors. Head Neck Pathol 2024; 18:2. [PMID: 38315310 PMCID: PMC10844182 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorly differentiated sinonasal small round cell tumors (SRCTs) are rare and heterogeneous, posing challenges in diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Recent advances in molecular findings and diagnostic refinement have promoted better understanding and management of these tumors. RESULTS The newly defined and emerging sinonasal entities demonstrate diverse morphologies, specific genomic signatures, and clinical behavior from conventional counterparts. In this review of SRCTs, emphasis is placed on the diagnostic approach with the employment of a pertinent panel of immunohistochemistry studies and/or molecular tests, fine-tuned to the latest WHO 5 classification of sinonasal/paranasal tumors and personalized treatment. CONCLUSION Specifically, this review focuses on tumors with epithelial and neuroectodermal derivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bell
- Anatomic Pathology, Disease Team Alignment: Head and Neck, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan S, Zheng H, Zhan Y, Luo J, Zang H, Wang H, Wang W, Xu Y. Somatostatin receptor2 (SSTR2) expression, prognostic implications, modifications and potential therapeutic strategies associates with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 193:104223. [PMID: 38036157 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) constitute a heterogeneous cluster of tumors celebrated for their predisposition to metastasize and exhibit local recurrence. Recent explorations have illuminated the intricate involvement of Somatostatin Receptor 2 (SSTR2), a growth-regulatory receptor traditionally classified as a tumor suppressor, yet concurrently implicated in bolstering specific tumor phenotypes. Advances in the realm of SSTR2 investigation within HNSCC, with a specific spotlight on laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC), tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCC), and nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC), have been established. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of SSTR2 expression patterns, prognostic implications, distinctive signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications, and potential therapeutic strategies associated with SSTR2 in HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer Pathogenic Genes Testing and Diagnosis, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer Pathogenic Genes Testing and Diagnosis, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer Pathogenic Genes Testing and Diagnosis, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer Pathogenic Genes Testing and Diagnosis, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hongjing Zang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer Pathogenic Genes Testing and Diagnosis, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Huilin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer Pathogenic Genes Testing and Diagnosis, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer Pathogenic Genes Testing and Diagnosis, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Low HC, Loke KSH, Wang FQ, Han S, Jain A, Yeong J, Nei WL. A case of metastatic lymphoepithelial carcinoma of parotid gland identified on 68gallium DOTA-[Tyr3] octreotate PET CT. BJR Case Rep 2024; 10:uaad011. [PMID: 38352266 PMCID: PMC10860523 DOI: 10.1093/bjrcr/uaad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The authors present the case of a 59-year-old lady diagnosed with lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) of the left parotid gland. The primary tumour was identified using contrast-enhanced CT, and diagnosis was confirmed via fine needle aspiration cytology and immunohistochemistry. Staging using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET CT revealed regional nodal metastases, while no distant metastasis was evident. Following radical radiotherapy, a favourable locoregional response was observed on MRI, yet the patient's plasma Epstein-Barr virus load continued to rise. Given her primary tumour's somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) positivity, gallium-68 DOTA-[Tyr3] octreotate PET CT (68Ga-DOTATATE PET CT) was performed, revealing multiple distant metastases with DOTATATE avidity. Despite attempts at palliative chemotherapy and immunotherapy, disease progression led to the decision for the best supportive care. The unique presentation of metastatic LEC on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET CT suggests a potential role for SSTR2-targeted imaging in diagnosis and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Chung Low
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Siu Hoong Loke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Fu Qiang Wang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
| | - Shuting Han
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
| | - Amit Jain
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB, A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Low HC, Loke KSH, Wang FQ, Han S, Nei WL. 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT of Metastatic Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma of Parotid Gland. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:1056-1058. [PMID: 37844551 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We present a case of a 59-year-old woman with lymphoepithelial carcinoma of left parotid gland. She was treated with radical radiotherapy, but her plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA load continued to increase despite good locoregional response. As her primary tumor was positive for somatostatin receptor type 2, we performed 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, which revealed multiple DOTATATE-avid distant metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Chung Low
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Singapore General Hospital
| | - Kelvin Siu Hoong Loke
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Singapore General Hospital
| | | | - Shuting Han
- Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adili A, O Connor T, Wales P, Seemann M, Höller S, Hummer B, Freiberger SN, Rauthe S, Rupp NJ. Challenging Tumor Heterogeneity with HER2, p16 and Somatostatin Receptor 2 Expression in a Case of EBV-Associated Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:1052-1057. [PMID: 37847488 PMCID: PMC10739679 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands (LECSG) is a rare disease in the Western hemisphere that is typically associated with an EBV infection. The molecular mechanisms of LECSG tumorigenesis are poorly understood. RESULTS Here we report a case of EBV-associated LECSG with an unusual immunophenotype. The tumor exhibited bi-morphic histological features with a mutually exclusive expression of HER2 and p16. The p16-positive domain of the tumor immunohistochemically co-expressed late membrane protein 1 (LMP-1), while the HER2 positive domain did not. Both tumor regions expressed SSTR2. METHODS In situ hybridization confirmed the EBV origin of the tumor while extensive immunohistochemical characterization and the recently established RNA-based next generation sequencing panel ("SalvGlandDx" panel) did not reveal evidence for another salivary gland neoplasm. No HPV co-infection was detected by in situ hybridization or PCR-based screenings and no ERBB2 gene amplification was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. CONCLUSION These findings suggest tumor heterogeneity and lack of genomic aberrations in EBV-associated LECSGs. The heterogenous and unusual immunohistochemical features explain the diagnostic difficulties and simultaneously extend the immunophenotype spectrum of this tumor entity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arlind Adili
- Institute of Pathology, Viollier AG, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Tracy O Connor
- Department of Biology, North Park University, 3225 W. Foster Avenue, Chicago Illinois, 60625, USA
| | - Philipp Wales
- Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenmedizin, Kantonsspital Olten, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Seemann
- Radiologie Bürgerspital Solothurn, 4500, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Höller
- Institute of Pathology, Stadtspital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Hummer
- Institute of Pathology, Viollier AG, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Sandra N Freiberger
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Rauthe
- Institute of Pathology, Viollier AG, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Niels J Rupp
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Giotakis AI, Runge A, Dudas J, Glueckert R, Gottfried T, Schartinger VH, Klarer J, Randhawa A, Caimmi E, Riechelmann H. Analysis of cells of epithelial, connective tissue and immune differentiation in HPV-positive-, HPV-negative oropharyngeal carcinoma and normal oropharyngeal tissue by immunofluorescence multiplex image cytometry: a preliminary report. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1154. [PMID: 38012597 PMCID: PMC10683252 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial, connective tissue and immune cells contribute in various ways to the pathophysiology of HPV positive (HPV+) and HPV negative (HPV-) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). We aimed to investigate the abundance of these cell lineages and their coexpression patterns in patients with HPV + and HPV- OPSCC. METHODS We used a 4-channel immunofluorescence-microscopy technique for the simultaneous detection of three direct-conjugated antibodies (pancytokeratin, vimentin and CD45/CD18) and DAPI (4',6-Diamidin-2-phenylindole) in formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples (FFPE) of patients with HPV + and HPV- OPSCC, and of control patients. Image acquisition and analysis were performed with TissueFAXS and StrataQuest (TissueGnostics, Vienna, Austria), respectively, in tumor cell clusters/stroma in OPSCC specimens and epithelial layer/lamina propria in control specimens. Cell populations were created based on antibodies' coexpression patterns. Isotype and positive controls were examined for plausibility. RESULTS The proportion of cells of epithelial differentiation in tumor cell clusters was higher in HPV + OPSCC (55%) than in HPV- OPSCC samples (44%). The proportion of connective tissue cells in tumor cell cluster was lower in HPV + OPSCC patients (18%) than in HPV- OPSCC patients (26%). The proportion of immune cells in tumor cell clusters was higher in HPV + OPSCC patients (25%) than in HPV- OPSCC patients (18%). The percentage of anaplastic, potentially de-differentiated cells, was 2% in control patients, and it was higher in HPV- OPSCC (21%) than in HPV + OPSCC samples (6%). CONCLUSIONS This study provided the first quantitative data for the abundance of cells of epithelial, connective tissue and immune differentiation, in patients with OPSCC and control patients. The abundance of these different crucial cell populations was consistently originating from the same tissue sample. De-differentiation of tumor cells was higher in HPV- OPSCC than in HPV + OPSCC. In tumor cells clusters, the antitumoral host immune response was higher in HPV + OPSCC than in HPV- OPSCC, whereas the fibroblast response was higher in HPV- OPSCC than in HPV + OPSCC. This study contributed to the understanding of histopathologic differences between HPV + OPSCC and HPV- OPSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aris I Giotakis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Annette Runge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
| | - József Dudas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Rudolf Glueckert
- University Clinics Innsbruck, Tirol Kliniken, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Timo Gottfried
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Volker H Schartinger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Johanna Klarer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Avneet Randhawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Eleonora Caimmi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu X, Yang X, Nie H, Jiang W, He X, Ou C. Immunological role and prognostic value of somatostatin receptor family members in colon adenocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1255809. [PMID: 37900156 PMCID: PMC10603271 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1255809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is among the most prevalent cancers worldwide, ranking as the third most prevalent malignancy in incidence and mortality. The somatostatin receptor (SSTR) family comprises G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which couple to inhibitory G proteins (Gi and Go) upon binding to somatostatin (SST) analogs. GPCRs are involved in hormone release, neurotransmission, cell growth inhibition, and cancer suppression. However, their roles in COAD remain unclear. This study used bioinformatics to investigate the expression, prognosis, gene alterations, functional enrichment, and immunoregulatory effects of the SSTR family members in COAD. SSTR1-4 are differentially downregulated in COAD, and low SSTR2 expression indicates poor survival. Biological processes and gene expression enrichment of the SSTR family in COAD were further analyzed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology. A strong correlation was observed between SSTR expression and immune cell infiltration. We also quantified SSTR2 expression in 25 COAD samples and adjacent normal tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We analyzed its correlation with the dendritic cell-integrin subunit alpha X marker gene. The biomarker exploration of the solid tumors portal was used to confirm the correlation between SSTR2 with immunomodulators and immunotherapy responses. Our results identify SSTR2 as a promising target for COAD immunotherapy. Our findings provide new insights into the biological functions of the SSTR family and their implications for the prognosis of COAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuejie Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Nie
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Low YH, Loh CJL, Peh DYY, Chu AJM, Han S, Toh HC. Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications of EBV-associated epithelial cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1202117. [PMID: 37901329 PMCID: PMC10600384 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1202117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), one of the most common human viruses, has been associated with both lymphoid and epithelial cancers. Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), EBV associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) are amongst the few common epithelial cancers that EBV has been associated with. The pathogenesis of EBV-associated NPC has been well described, however, the same cannot be said for primary pulmonary LELC (PPLELC) owing to the rarity of the cancer. In this review, we outline the pathogenesis of EBV-associated NPC and EBVaGCs and their recent advances. By drawing on similarities between NPC and PPLELC, we then also postulated the pathogenesis of PPLELC. A deeper understanding about the pathogenesis of EBV enables us to postulate the pathogenesis of other EBV associated cancers such as PPLELC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hua Low
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Daniel Yang Yao Peh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Axel Jun Ming Chu
- Singapore Health Services Internal Medicine Residency Programme, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuting Han
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu Y, Quan Z, Zhan Y, Wang H, Luo J, Wang W, Fan S. SSTR2 positively associates with EGFR and predicts poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2023:jcp-2023-208987. [PMID: 37758305 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-208987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinases family and overexpression of EGFR has been linked to poor prognosis and cancer progression. Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with diverse biological functions in humans, and it is upregulated through the NF-KB signalling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC). However, no studies have examined the EGFR and SSTR2 in NPC. This study aimed to investigate whether SSTR2 is associated with EGFR and clinicopathological features in NPC. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was performed to assess the correlation between EGFR and SSTR2 based on the GEO database. The expression of SSTR2 and EGFR was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 491 cases of NPC and 50 cases of non-cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelium. RESULTS The bioinformatics analysis and IHC showed a positive correlation between SSTR2 and EGFR in NPC. High expression of SSTR2 and EGFR was significantly increased in NPC patients compared with non-cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelium. High expression of SSTR2 and/or EGFR was associated with a worse outcome and a higher risk of progression. The study found that patients receiving chemoradiotherapy (CR) with high expression of SSTR2, high expression of EGFR, and high coexpression of SSTR2 and EGFR had a poorer prognosis in both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Interestingly, NPC patients with high expression of SSTR2, high expression of EGFR, high coexpression of EGFR and SSTR2, and EGFR/SSTR2 anyone high expression had a better prognosis with CR combined with targeted therapy. Cox multivariate analysis identified SSTR2 and EGFR as independent poor predictors of PFS. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to shed light on the intricate relationship between SSTR2 and EGFR in NPC and provides new insights into the potential benefits of EGFR targeted therapy for patients with high SSTR2 expression. Additionally, SSTR2 has potential as a new biomarker for poor prognosis in NPC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zihan Quan
- Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiyuan Wang
- Pathology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Juarez-Vignon Whaley JJ, Afkhami M, Onyshchenko M, Massarelli E, Sampath S, Amini A, Bell D, Villaflor VM. Recurrent/Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment from Present to Future: Where Are We and Where Are We Heading? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1138-1166. [PMID: 37318724 PMCID: PMC10477128 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is distinct in its anatomic location and biology from other epithelial head and neck cancer (HNC). There are 3 WHO subtypes, which considers the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and other histopathology features. Despite the survival benefit obtained from modern treatment modalities and techniques specifically in the local and locally advanced setting, a number of patients with this disease will recur and subsequently die of distant metastasis, locoregional relapse, or both. In the recurrent setting, the ideal therapy approach continues to be a topic of discussion and current recommendations are platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Phase III clinical trials which led to the approval of pembrolizumab or nivolumab for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) specifically excluded NPC. No immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, to date, has been approved by the FDA to treat NPC although the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommendations do include use of these agents. Hence, this remains the major challenge for treatment options. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is challenging as it is really 3 different diseases, and much research is required to determine best options and sequencing of those options. This article is going to address the data to date and discuss ongoing research in EBV + and EBV - inoperable recurrent/metastatic NPC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Juarez-Vignon Whaley
- Health Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Anahuac Mexico, State of Mexico, Naucalpan de Juárez, Mexico
| | - Michelle Afkhami
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mykola Onyshchenko
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, 1500 East Duarte Road. , Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Erminia Massarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, 1500 East Duarte Road. , Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Sagus Sampath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Duarte, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Arya Amini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Duarte, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Victoria M Villaflor
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, 1500 East Duarte Road. , Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qi M, Liu Y, Su M, Huang R. Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Revealed on 68Ga-DOTATATE in a Patient With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Clin Nucl Med 2023:00003072-990000000-00642. [PMID: 37486702 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 56-year-old man underwent a prospective study (ChiCTR2300070081), which is a head-to-head comparison of 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/MR in EB-positive nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma after chemotherapy. Bilateral cervical abnormal lymph nodes were both detected by 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/MRI, whereas 2 hepatic lesions only were shown on 68Ga-DOTATATE, which subsequent pathologically proved to be primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfang Qi
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fan M, Huang Y, Zhu X, Zheng J, Du M. Octreotide and Octreotide-derived delivery systems. J Drug Target 2023; 31:569-584. [PMID: 37211679 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2216895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical peptide Octreotide is a somatostatin analog with targeting and therapeutic abilities. Over the last decades, Octreotide has been developed and approved to treat acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumours, and Octreotide-based radioactive conjugates have been leveraged clinically to detect small neuroendocrine tumour sites. Meanwhile, variety of Octreotide-derived delivery strategies have been proposed and explored for tumour targeted therapeutics or diagnostics in preclinical or clinical settings. In this review, we especially focus on the preclinical development and applications of Octreotide-derived drug delivery systems, diagnostic nanosystems, therapeutic nanosystems and multifunctional nanosystems, we also briefly discuss challenges and prospects of these Octreotide-derived delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Fan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlin Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Zheng
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingwei Du
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ensign SF, Agarwal M, Klanderman M, Badawy M, Halfdanarson TR, Johnson DR, Sonbol MB, Kendi AT. Clinical utility of somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography imaging biomarkers for characterization of meningioma among incidental central nervous system lesions. Nucl Med Commun 2023; 44:663-670. [PMID: 37158225 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) PET imaging is utilized with increasing frequency in the clinical management of neuroendocrine tumors. Incidental PET-avid CNS lesions are commonly noted and presumed to be meningiomas. However, SSTR PET lacks specificity for meningioma identification. This study aimed to clarify the role of SSTR-based imaging in the classification of incidental CNS lesions based on current clinical practice. METHODS Patients who underwent both Ga-68-DOTATATE PET and brain MRI and had an incidental CNS lesion identified with a radiographic prediction of meningioma via one (discordant prediction) or both (concordant prediction) imaging modalities were retrospectively analyzed. Imaging indication, semiquantitative measures, and clinical history were recorded. RESULTS Among 48 patients with a CNS lesion identified on both imaging modalities, most scans were performed for a history of neuroendocrine tumor (64.6%). Cases with concordant lesion-type prediction of meningioma between imaging modalities ( N = 24) displayed a significantly higher SUV max (median 7.9 vs. 4.0; P = 0.008) and Krenning score (median 3.0 vs. 2.0; P = 0.005) on Ga-68-DOTATATE PET compared with cases with a discordant prediction of meningioma ( N = 24). In cases with lower SUV max values, Ga-68-DOTATATE was more likely to discordantly predict meningioma without agreement by the corresponding MRI. Prior cranial radiation or use of somatostatin mimetics did not affect quantitative radiographic measures, and MRI-based tumor size was similar across groups. CONCLUSION Lesions with increased avidity may be more confidently predicted as meningioma in Ga-68-DOTATATE PET scans, whereas there is more discrepancy in prediction among low SUV cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Molly Klanderman
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | - Derek R Johnson
- Department of Radiology
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiang D, Chen H, Cao J, Chen Y, Huang J, Weng Y. AURKA, as a potential prognostic biomarker, regulates autophagy and immune infiltration in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152314. [PMID: 36587494 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of Aurora A (AURKA) plays crucial role in tumorigenesis and development of many types of cancer. However, the role of AURKA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been investigated yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two independent NPC cohorts (GSE61218 and GSE102349) were enrolled from public database to investigate the expression level of AURKA between NPC and nasopharyngitis samples, the association of AURKA expression level with prognosis in NPC, and the potential mechanism of AURKA in NPC by using bioinformatics analyses. The expression level of AURKA protein in 62 paired NPC and nasopharyngitis tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Two NPC cell lines (SUNE-1 and CNE-2) were enrolled and the expression levels of AURKA in the NPC cells were inhibited by RNA interference. The expression levels of mRNAs were tested by qPCR and western-blotting. CCK-8 assay was applied to measure the cell growth. Cell migration was measured by using wound healing assays. RESULTS AURKA was highly expressed in NPC samples compared to nasopharyngitis samples in GSE61218, which was confirmed by IHC. High expression of AURKA was associated with worse prognosis in GSE102349. Notably, silencing of AURKA was associated with significantly decreased cell growth and migration in NPC. Moreover, we found that the differentially expressed genes between high and low AURKA expression groups in GSE102349 were majorly enriched in both autophagy-related and immune-related pathways. Additionally, the expression level of AURKA was associated with the expression levels of autophagy-related genes and the infiltration of immune cells. CONCLUSION AURKA overexpressed in NPC, which was associated with poor prognosis. Silencing of AURKA inhibited the proliferation and migration of NPC cells. Besides, AURKA might participate in the regulation of both autophagy and immunity in NPC.
Collapse
|
20
|
Greier MDC, Runge A, Dudas J, Carpentari L, Schartinger VH, Randhawa A, Mayr M, Petersson M, Riechelmann H. Optimizing culturing conditions in patient derived 3D primary slice cultures of head and neck cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1145817. [PMID: 37064104 PMCID: PMC10101142 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1145817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Three-dimensional primary slice cultures (SC) of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNC) are realistic preclinical models. Until now, preserving structure and viability ex vivo for several days has been difficult. The aim of this study was to optimize cultivation conditions for HNC SC and analyze the added effects of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) on these conditions. Methods SC were prepared from the tumor biopsies of 9 HNC patients. Cultures were incubated for 1 and 7 days in three different media- Keratinocyte serum-free medium (SFM), RPMI-1640i, and 1:1 mix of both, with and without addition of PRF. After culturing, SC were fixated, embedded, and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and cleaved caspase-3. In addition, triple immune fluorescence staining for cytokeratin, vimentin and CD45 was performed. Outcome parameters were cell count and cell density, viability and apoptosis, SC total area and proportions of keratinocytes, mesenchymal and immune cells. The effects of culture time, medium, and addition of PRF were calculated in an SPSS generalized linear model and using the Wald Chi-Squared test. Results Ninety-four slice cultures were analyzed. Viability remained stable for 7 days in culture. After addition of PRF, cell viability increased (p=0.05). SC total area decreased (0.44 ± 0.04 mm2 on day 1 (95% CI: 0.35 to 0.56) to 0.29 ± 0.03 mm2 on day 7 (95% CI: 0.22 to 0.36), but cell density and cell proportions remained stable. Differences in cultivation media had no significant impact on outcome parameters. Conclusion HNC SC can be preserved for up to 7 days using the tested cultivation media. Cell viability was best preserved with addition of PRF. HNC SC are a versatile experimental tool to study physiology and drug actions. Autologous PRF can help simulate realistic conditions in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria do Carmo Greier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Annette Runge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Annette Runge,
| | - Jozsef Dudas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Carpentari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Volker Hans Schartinger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Avneet Randhawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | | | | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wargocka-Matuszewska W, Uhrynowski W, Rozwadowska N, Rogulski Z. Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Diseases Research Using Animal Models and PET Radioisotope Tracers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24. [PMID: 36613797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is a collective term describing a range of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. Due to the varied nature of the disorders, distinguishing between their causes and monitoring their progress is crucial for finding an effective treatment. Molecular imaging enables non-invasive visualisation and quantification of biological pathways, even at the molecular and subcellular levels, what is essential for understanding the causes and development of CVD. Positron emission tomography imaging is so far recognized as the best method for in vivo studies of the CVD related phenomena. The imaging is based on the use of radioisotope-labelled markers, which have been successfully used in both pre-clinical research and clinical studies. Current research on CVD with the use of such radioconjugates constantly increases our knowledge and understanding of the causes, and brings us closer to effective monitoring and treatment. This review outlines recent advances in the use of the so-far available radioisotope markers in the research on cardiovascular diseases in rodent models, points out the problems and provides a perspective for future applications of PET imaging in CVD studies.
Collapse
|
22
|
Li D, Li X, Zhao J, Tan F. Advances in nuclear medicine-based molecular imaging in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 20:358. [PMID: 35962347 PMCID: PMC9373390 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are often aggressive, making advanced disease very difficult to treat using contemporary modalities, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. However, targeted therapy, e.g., cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, has demonstrated survival benefit in HNSCC patients with locoregional failure or distant metastasis. Molecular imaging aims at various biomarkers used in targeted therapy, and nuclear medicine-based molecular imaging is a real-time and non-invasive modality with the potential to identify tumor in an earlier and more treatable stage, before anatomic-based imaging reveals diseases. The objective of this comprehensive review is to summarize recent advances in nuclear medicine-based molecular imaging for HNSCC focusing on several commonly radiolabeled biomarkers. The preclinical and clinical applications of these candidate imaging strategies are divided into three categories: those targeting tumor cells, tumor microenvironment, and tumor angiogenesis. This review endeavors to expand the knowledge of molecular biology of HNSCC and help realizing diagnostic potential of molecular imaging in clinical nuclear medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danni Li
- Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuran Li
- Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tan
- Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. .,The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. .,The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brada MD, Rushing EJ, Bächinger D, Zoller L, Burger IA, Hüllner MW, Moch H, Huber A, Eckhard AH, Rupp NJ. Immunohistochemical Expression Pattern of Theragnostic Targets SSTR2 and PSMA in Endolymphatic Sac Tumors: A Single Institution Case Series. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:1012-1018. [PMID: 35546652 PMCID: PMC9729512 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endolymphatic sac tumors are rare neoplasia characterized by slow growth. However, their clinical impact should not be underestimated, considering their potential for local aggressive behavior and strong association with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Therefore, early detection with emerging theragnostic examinations such as 68Ga-DOTATATE-PET/CT might improve patient management and reduce morbidity. METHODS We report the clinicopathological features of seven endolymphatic sac tumors. In this cohort, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of somatostatin receptor 2A (SSTR2A) and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) protein expression patterns; two targets providing rationale for novel imaging modalities such as PSMA- or SSTR-targeted PET. RESULTS The tumor cells of all cases were negative for prostate specific membrane antigen and somatostatin receptor 2A, however immunolabeling was consistently detected in intratumoral endothelial cells of endolymphatic sac tumors for PSMA (7/7 cases, 100%), and for SSTR2A (5/7 cases, 71%). CONCLUSIONS Our results show a high rate of PSMA and SSTR2A expression in the tumor vasculature of endolymphatic sac tumors. PSMA and SSTR2A can be targeted with appropriate radioligands for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This finding provides a rationale for prospective clinical studies to test this approach as a sensitive screening tool for patients with suspected endolymphatic sac tumors including an improved management of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel D. Brada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland ,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth J. Rushing
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Bächinger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Loris Zoller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irene A. Burger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Baden Cantonal Hospital, Baden, Switzerland ,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin W. Hüllner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland ,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas H. Eckhard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niels J. Rupp
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland ,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou P, Chen X, Shi K, Qu H, Xia J. The characteristics, tumorigenicities and therapeutics of cancer stem cells based on circRNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
25
|
Cao L, Li T, Ba Y, Chen E, Yang J, Zhang H. Exploring Immune-Related Prognostic Signatures in the Tumor Microenvironment of Colon Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:801484. [PMID: 35281839 PMCID: PMC8907673 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.801484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to explore the immune-related prognostic signatures and the tumor immune microenvironment of colon cancer. Methods: The mRNA expression data of TCGA-COAD from the UCSC Xena platform and the list of immune-related genes (IRGs) from the ImmPort database were used to identify immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, we constructed an immune-related risk score prognostic model and validated its predictive performance in the test dataset, the whole dataset, and two independent GEO datasets. In addition, we explored the differences in tumor-infiltrating immune cell types, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite status, and expression levels of immune checkpoints and their ligands between the high-risk and low-risk score groups. Moreover, the potential value of the identified immune-related signature with respect to immunotherapy was investigated based on an immunotherapeutic cohort (Imvigor210) treated with an anti-PD-L1 agent. Results: Seven immune-related DEGs were identified as prognostic signatures. The areas under the curves (AUCs) of the constructed risk score model for overall survival (OS) were calculated (training dataset: 0.780 at 3 years, 0.801 at 4 years, and 0.766 at 5 years; test dataset: 0.642 at 3 years, 0.647 at 4 years, and 0.629 at 5 years; and the whole dataset: 0.642 at 3 years, 0.647 at 4 years, and 0.629 at 5 years). In the high-risk score group of the whole dataset, patients had worse OS, higher TMN stages, advanced pathological stages, and a higher TP53 mutation rate (p < 0.05). In addition, a high level of resting NK cells or M0 macrophages, and high TMB were significantly related to poor OS (p < 0.05). Also, we observed that high-risk score patients had a high expression level of PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4 (p < 0.05). The patients with high-risk scores demonstrated worse prognosis than those with low-risk scores in multiple datasets (GSE39582: p = 0.0023; GSE17536: p = 0.0008; immunotherapeutic cohort without platinum treatment: p = 0.0014; immunotherapeutic cohort with platinum treatment: p = 0.0027). Conclusion: We developed a robust immune-related prognostic signature that performed great in multiple cohorts and explored the characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment of colon cancer patients, which may give suggestions for the prognosis and immunotherapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Cao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tong Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Ba
- Shenzhen Nucleus Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Erfei Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Yang, ; Hezi Zhang,
| | - Hezi Zhang
- Shenzhen Nucleus Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Yang, ; Hezi Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Roden AC, Rakshit S, Johnson GB, Jenkins SM, Mansfield AS. Correlation of Somatostatin Receptor 2 Expression, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET Scan and Octreotide Treatment in Thymic Epithelial Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:823667. [PMID: 35198446 PMCID: PMC8859934 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.823667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) has been shown to be expressed in a subset of neuroendocrine tumors and carcinomas and plays a role in imaging studies and guiding therapy. Patients with tumors expressing SSTR2 may be successfully treated with somatostatin inhibitors or radiolabeled somatostatin analogues. We studied SSTR2 expression in TET and correlated it with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT or 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/MR results and treatment outcome. An institutional database of TET was searched for thymoma, thymic carcinoma, and thymic neuroendocrine tumor (TNET) with available resection specimens. Cases were subtyped (2021 WHO classification) and staged (8th AJCC/UICC staging). A section was stained with anti-SSTR2 antibody (clone UMB1). Percent tumor cells with membranous staining was recorded if present in ≥1% of tumor cells. Medical records were searched for 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans and treatment. Statistical analysis was performed. Eighty patients (1969-2021) with a median age of 61.3 years (range, 19.1-87.3) (37 males, 46.3%) had thymic carcinoma (N=33), TNET (N=7), or thymoma (N=40). SSTR2 expression was identified in 29 (of 80, 36.3%) TET including 2/2 (100%) small cell carcinomas, 2/5 (40.0%) atypical carcinoid tumors, 16/23 (69.6%) squamous cell carcinomas, 2/2 (100%) lymphoepithelial carcinomas, 1/1 (100%) adenosquamous carcinoma, and 6/40 (15.0%) thymomas. SSTR2 expression in ≥50% of tumor cells (vs 1-49%) was associated with younger age (p=0.023) and shorter recurrence/metastasis-free survival (p=0.007). 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans (N=9) revealed a Krenning score of 3 in patients with atypical carcinoid tumor, small cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma (N=1 each) with SSTR2 expression in 95, 100, and 5% of tumor cells, respectively. Scans with Krenning scores of ≤2 (N=5) were seen in tumors with no SSTR2 expression in 80% of cases and a single atypical carcinoid tumor with SSTR2 expression in 10% of tumor cells. One scan resulted as "increased uptake" was in a patient with no SSTR2 expression. In conclusion, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans correlated with SSTR2 expression in TET in most patients and appeared to be useful to identify patients with TET who may be amenable to treatment with somatostatin analogues. Larger studies including more patients with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans are necessary to independently and prospectively validate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja C. Roden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Anja C. Roden,
| | - Sagar Rakshit
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Geoffrey B. Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sarah M. Jenkins
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Han S, Tay JK, Loh CJL, Chu AJM, Yeong JPS, Lim CM, Toh HC. Epstein–Barr Virus Epithelial Cancers—A Comprehensive Understanding to Drive Novel Therapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734293. [PMID: 34956172 PMCID: PMC8702733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous oncovirus associated with specific epithelial and lymphoid cancers. Among the epithelial cancers, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC), and EBV-associated gastric cancers (EBVaGC) are the most common. The role of EBV in the pathogenesis of NPC and in the modulation of its tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) has been increasingly well described. Much less is known about the pathogenesis and tumour–microenvironment interactions in other EBV-associated epithelial cancers. Despite the expression of EBV-related viral oncoproteins and a generally immune-inflamed cancer subtype, EBV-associated epithelial cancers have limited systemic therapeutic options beyond conventional chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective only in a minority of these patients and even less efficacious with molecular targeting drugs. Here, we examine the key similarities and differences of NPC, LELC, and EBVaGC and comprehensively describe the clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics of these cancers. A deeper comparative understanding of these EBV-driven cancers can potentially uncover targets in the tumour, TIME, and stroma, which may guide future drug development and cast light on resistance to immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Han
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua K. Tay
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Joe Poh Sheng Yeong
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Ming Lim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Han Chong Toh,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fabritius MP, Geyer T, Ahmaddy F, Albert NL, Bartenstein P, Tiling R, Rübenthaler J, Holzgreve A. Breast Cancer Metastasis Mimicking Meningioma in 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:922-923. [PMID: 34132678 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT is a reliable imaging modality in the diagnosis and therapy planning of symptomatic meningiomas. We present a case of a 74-year-old woman where a supposed SSTR-positive sphenoid wing meningioma turned out to be a breast cancer metastasis. Our case shows that dural metastases from breast cancer might represent a clinical pitfall in 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Freba Ahmaddy
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Reinhold Tiling
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Adrien Holzgreve
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhao L, Pang Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhuang Y, Zhang J, Zhao L, Sun L, Wu H, Chen X, Lin Q, Chen H. Somatostatin receptor imaging with [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:1360-1373. [PMID: 34665275 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the feasibility of [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to evaluate whether [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT could be used for non-invasive determination of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) expression in NPC. METHODS This prospective study included patients with NPC who underwent [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT between February and May 2021. The [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE and [18F]FDG uptakes in primary and metastatic NPC lesions were calculated and compared, and the [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE uptake between SSTR2 score groups was analysed. RESULTS A total of 36 participants (25 patients, initial staging; 11 patients, recurrence detection) were included; 33 patients also underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT for staging/restaging as a part of their routine diagnostic workup. [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed an intense tracer uptake in primary and metastatic NPC lesions. The radiotracer uptake was higher with [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE than with [18F]FDG PET in primary NPC lesions (SUVmax: 12.03 vs. 10.07, P = 0.048; tumour-to-brain ratio: 36.16 vs. 0.86, P < 0.001) and regional lymph node metastases (median SUVmax: 9.11 vs. 6.12, P < 0.001) and comparable in bone and visceral metastases. Importantly, most NPC lesions showed intense SSTR2 expression (85.7%), which was strongly correlated with the [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE uptake. The SUVmax of SSTR2-negative lesions was significantly lower than that of SSTR2-positive lesions (SUVmax: 4.95 vs. 12.61, P = 0.013). CONCLUSION [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT is a promising imaging modality for detecting primary and metastatic NPC, with favourable image contrast and comparable diagnostic efficacy when compared to [18F]FDG PET/CT. An intense SSTR2 expression was observed in most NPCs, and this expression was significantly correlated with the [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yizhen Pang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianhao Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanzhen Zhuang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Haojun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Emanuel O, Liu J, Schartinger VH, Nei WL, Chan YY, Tsang CM, Riechelmann H, Masterson L, Haybaeck J, Oppermann U, Willems SM, Ooft ML, Wollmann G, Howard D, Vanhaesebroeck B, Lund VJ, Royle G, Chua MLK, Lo KW, Busson P, Lechner M. SSTR2 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Relationship with Latent EBV Infection and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4944. [PMID: 34638429 PMCID: PMC8508244 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor, most commonly located in the pharyngeal recess and endemic to parts of Asia. It is often detected at a late stage which is associated with poor prognosis (5-year survival rate of 63%). Treatment for this malignancy relies predominantly on radiotherapy and/or systemic chemotherapy, which can be associated with significant morbidity and impaired quality of life. In endemic regions NPC is associated with infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) which was shown to upregulate the somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) cell surface receptor. With recent advances in molecular techniques allowing for an improved understanding of the molecular aetiology of this disease and its relation to SSTR2 expression, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of this disease and highlight the emergence of SSTR2 as a key tumor biomarker and promising target for imaging and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Emanuel
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Jacklyn Liu
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Volker H. Schartinger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.H.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Wen Long Nei
- National Cancer Centre, Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Medical Sciences, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (W.L.N.); (M.L.K.C.)
- Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yuk Yu Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.Y.C.); (C.M.T.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.Y.C.); (C.M.T.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.H.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Liam Masterson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.M.W.); (M.L.O.)
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc L. Ooft
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.M.W.); (M.L.O.)
- King’s College Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Guido Wollmann
- Institute of Virology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - David Howard
- ENT Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W6 9EP, UK;
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London WC1E 6DG, UK
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Valerie J. Lund
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London WC1E 6DG, UK
| | - Gary Royle
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Melvin L. K. Chua
- National Cancer Centre, Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Medical Sciences, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (W.L.N.); (M.L.K.C.)
- Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.Y.C.); (C.M.T.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Pierre Busson
- CNRS-UMR 9018-Metsy, Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Matt Lechner
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
- Rhinology & Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-H&N Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Viswanathan K, Sadow PM. Somatostatin receptor 2 is highly sensitive and specific for Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2021; 117:88-100. [PMID: 34416258 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are known drivers of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Both EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (EBVNPC) and HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC) can have overlapping histomorphology and molecular signatures, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFKB) pathway mutations. A recent study showed that NFKB activation in EBVNPC drives somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) expression that is detectable by immunohistochemistry and by imaging with 68-Gadolinium-DOTA-peptide radioconjugate. However, whether a similar NFKB-SSTR2 signaling mechanism exists for other virus-positive HNSCC, namely HPV-positive sinonasal carcinomas and OPSCC, remains unclear. Here we examined SSTR2 expression in a cohort of EBV-positive, HPV-positive, and virus-negative HNSCC with immunohistochemistry. SSTR2 immunohistochemistry was performed on our cohort of primary and/or metastatic EBVNPC, HPV-positive sinonasal SCC, OPSCC, HPV-negative sinonasal and oral cavity SCC, and benign tonsil and adenoid tissue. For SSTR2 staining, the extent was categorized as focal, multifocal, or diffuse, and the intensity was categorized as weak, moderate, or strong. Multifocal/diffuse SSTR2 staining of any intensity was considered positive. Among primary, recurrent, and/or undifferentiated NPC, 90% showed multifocal to diffuse strong SSTR2 expression. One HPV-positive sinonasal carcinoma showed patchy SSTR2 staining. None of the remaining HPV-positive sinonasal carcinomas, OPSCC, or oral cavity HNSCC showed significant SSTR2 staining. Overall, SSTR2 is highly sensitive and specific for EBVNPC and could represent a surrogate biomarker. Among HNSCC assessed here, we recommend testing primary NPC for SSTR2 because of its relevance for diagnosis, associated imaging modalities, and its therapeutic implications for patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Viswanathan
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Peter M Sadow
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|