1
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Martin-Martin J, Abad M, Lopez de Pariza X, Ezquerra TA, Nogales A, Sardon H, Sebastián V, Oriol L, Piñol M. Degradable Ureido-Polycarbonate Block Copolymers with a Complex UCST Thermoresponse. Macromol Rapid Commun 2025:e2500029. [PMID: 40119569 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202500029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 03/24/2025]
Abstract
In this work, amphiphilic block copolymers (BCs) consisting of a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEG) and a degradable polycarbonate block derived from 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis-MPA) with pendant ureido units, along with corresponding homopolycarbonates are described. Polymers are synthesized by combining ring opening polymerization (ROP) and thiol-ene/yne functionalization to incorporate UCST-promoting ureido groups. For homopolycarbonates, increasing the ureido groups density along the polymer chain facilitates the upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type thermoresponse in water. Because of their amphiphilic character, BCs form stable self-assemblies either by direct dispersion in water, co-solvent method or microfluidics. Upon heating, these self-assemblies swell, and collapse due to extensive hydration of the polycarbonate block, rather than becoming solubilized. Thermoresponsiveness is analyzed in terms of the number of ureido groups in the polycarbonate for a given polycarbonate block length as well as the length of polycarbonate block. As a proof of concept, the potential of these self-assemblies as thermoresponsive drug nanocarriers is evaluated, using curcumin as a hydrophobic model drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martin-Martin
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Miriam Abad
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Xabier Lopez de Pariza
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Tiberio A Ezquerra
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, C/Serrano, 121, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Aurora Nogales
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, C/Serrano, 121, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Víctor Sebastián
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Luis Oriol
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Milagros Piñol
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
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2
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Fan H, Hu C, Niu M, Zhang Q, Li B, Pang X, Chen X. Modular Access from Acrylate to a Sustainable Polyester Platform with Large-Span Tunability and Chemical Circularity under Mild Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:9836-9843. [PMID: 40037633 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2025]
Abstract
Making polyesters with conventional vinyl monomers is one of the most economical ways to develop sustainable polymeric materials. For polar vinyls, while their transformation into lactones has been studied extensively, there exists no further access to synthesizing polyesters, presumably due to the nonstrained and nonpolymerizable nature of the obtained lactones. Herein, we report the first facile synthesis of polyesters that originated from one of the most critical classes of polar vinyls-acrylates. Specifically, a series of modular six-membered lactones were rationally designed and synthesized from methyl acrylate together with malonic esters containing diverse functional groups and formaldehyde. The monomers underwent ring-opening polymerization (ROP) to yield the first acrylate-derived polyesters, which further constitute a unique polymer platform with a large scope of potential functionalities and performances as well as easy chemical circularity under mild conditions. Notably, the obtained polyesters are a rare example featuring tunable functionalities on the side ester groups whose impact on certain material properties (e.g., glass transition temperature) is similar to that of polyacrylates, implying potential replacement between polyesters and polyacrylates. In addition, by presenting the special geminal disubstitutions originally from the monomers' γ-position for the first time, polyesters also exhibited unprecedentedly enhanced thermal and recycling properties: Variation of the geminal disubstitutions offers a unique access to large-span modulation from completely amorphous to high-level crystalline materials, and the melting temperature of the polymer with high crystallinity was drastically increased by 84 °C compared with the reported monosubstituted counterpart. At the same time, compared with polyesters synthesized from other six-membered lactones whose chemical recycling required harsh conditions (>150 °C and high vacuum), the gem-disubstituted polyesters in this work can undergo complete chemical recycling to monomers under much milder conditions (80 °C and ambient pressure). This study informs the design of future high-performance polyesters derived from polar vinyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Mingxin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Bokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
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3
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Yang Z, Zhou Y, Liu X, Ren L, Liu X, Yun R, Jia L, Ren X, Wang Y, Sun Y, Li J, Gao D, Tian Z. Mitochondrial-uncoupling nanomedicine for self-heating and immunometabolism regulation in cancer cells. Biomaterials 2025; 314:122883. [PMID: 39405827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/10/2024]
Abstract
Developing endogenous hyperthermia offers a promising strategy to address challenges with current exogenous hyperthermia techniques in clinics. Herein, a CD44-targeted and thermal-responsive nanocarrier was developed for the simultaneous delivery of 2,4-dinitrophenol and syrosingopine. The objective was to induce endogenous hyperthermia and regulate immunometabolism, ultimately augmenting anti-tumour immune responses. Dinitrophenol as mitochondrial uncoupler can convert electrochemical potential energy of inner mitochondrial membrane into heat, facilitating endogenous hyperthermia. Meanwhile, syrosingopine not only inhibits excessive lactate efflux caused by dinitrophenol but also downregulates tumour cell glycolysis, thus alleviating immunosuppression and heat shock protein (HSP)-dependent thermo-resistance through immunometabolism regulation. The synergistic effects of endogenous hyperthermia and immunometabolism regulation by this nanomedicine have potential to enhance tumor immunogenicity, reshape the tumour immune microenvironment, and effectively suppress the growth of subcutaneous tumours and patient-derived organoids in triple-negative breast cancer. Therefore, the endogenous hyperthermia strategy developed in this study would revolutionize hyperthermia for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; General Surgery, Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liujiao Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Rong Yun
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Liangliang Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xuechun Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Di Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Zhongmin Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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4
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Shen K, Lv Z, Yang Y, Wang H, Liu J, Chen Q, Liu Z, Zhang M, Liu J, Cheng Y. A Wet-Adhesion and Swelling-Resistant Hydrogel for Fast Hemostasis, Accelerated Tissue Injury Healing and Bioelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025; 37:e2414092. [PMID: 39713944 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202414092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel bioadhesives with adequate wet adhesion and swelling resistance are urgently needed in clinic. However, the presence of blood or body fluid usually weakens the interfacial bonding strength, and even leads to adhesion failure. Herein, profiting from the unique coupling structure of carboxylic and phenyl groups in one component (N-acryloyl phenylalanine) for interfacial drainage and matrix toughening as well as various electrostatic interactions mediated by zwitterions, a novel hydrogel adhesive (PAAS) is developed with superior tissue adhesion properties and matrix swelling resistance in challenging wet conditions (adhesion strength of 85 kPa, interfacial toughness of 450 J m-2, burst pressure of 514 mmHg, and swelling ratio of <4%). The PAAS hydrogel can not only realize fast hemostasis of liver, heart, artery rupture, and sealing of pulmonary air-leakage but also accelerate the recovery of stomach and liver defects in rat, rabbit, and pig models. Moreover, PAAS hydrogel can precisely and durably monitor various physiological activities (pulse, electrocardiogram, and electromyogram) even under humid environments (immersion in water for 3 days), and can be employed for the evaluation of in vivo sealing efficiency for artery rupture. The work provides a promising hydrogel adhesive for clinical hemostasis, tissue injury repair, and bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhuting Lv
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Haoyue Wang
- Institute of High Voltage Physics and Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jiancheng Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qifei Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yilong Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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5
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Li A, Nicolas J, Mura S. Unlocking the Potential of Hybrid Nanocomposite Hydrogels: Design, Mechanical Properties and Biomedical Performances. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2025; 35. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202409670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
Abstract
AbstractHybrid nanocomposite hydrogels consist of the homogeneous incorporation of nano‐objects in a hydrogel matrix. The latter, whether made of natural or synthetic materials, possesses a microporous, soft structure that makes it an ideal host for a variety of polymer and lipid‐based nano‐objects as well as metal‐ and silica‐based ones. By carefully choosing the composition and the proportions of the different constituents, hybrid hydrogels can display a wide array of properties, from simple enhancement of mechanical characteristics to specific bioactivity. This review aims to provide an overview of the state of the art in hybrid hydrogels highlighting key aspects that make them a promising choice for a variety of biomedical applications. Strategies for the preparation of hybrid hydrogels are discussed by covering the selection of individual components. The review will also explore the physico‐chemical and rheological characterization of these materials, which is essential for understanding their structure and function, ultimately satisfying specifications for the intended use. Successful examples of biomedical applications will also be presented, and the main challenges to be met will be discussed, with the aim of stimulating the research community to exploit the full potential of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- Université Paris‐Saclay CNRS Institut Galien Paris‐Saclay Orsay 91400 France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris‐Saclay CNRS Institut Galien Paris‐Saclay Orsay 91400 France
| | - Simona Mura
- Université Paris‐Saclay CNRS Institut Galien Paris‐Saclay Orsay 91400 France
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6
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Neal TJ, Nicolas J. Aqueous degradability of water-soluble, thioester-containing polyacrylamides with UCST-type behaviour in salt solutions obtained by rROP. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:14260-14263. [PMID: 39540542 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc04718d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
We report the successful synthesis of hydrophilic thioester-containing polyacrylamide copolymers by the RAFT and free-radical copolymerisation of dibenzo[c,e]oxepane-5-thione with either acrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide. These copolymers efficiently degrade in aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, isopropylamine, L-cysteine, and household bleach, reducing the weight-average molecular weight by up to ∼90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Neal
- Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France.
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7
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Palà M, Lligadas G, Moreno A. Valorization of Lactate Esters and Amides into Value-Added Biobased (Meth)acrylic Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:6338-6356. [PMID: 39258970 PMCID: PMC11480984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
(Meth)acrylic polymers are massively produced due to their inherently attractive properties. However, the vast majority of these polymers are derived from fossil resources, which is not aligned with the tendency to reduce gas emissions. In this context, (meth)acrylic polymers derived from biomass (biobased polymers) are gaining momentum, as their application in different areas can not only stand the comparison but even surpass, in some cases, the performance of petroleum-derived ones. In this review, we highlight the design and synthesis of (meth)acrylic polymers derived from lactate esters (LEs) and lactate amides (LAs), both derived from lactic acid. While biobased polymers have been widely studied and reviewed, the poly(meth)acrylates with pendant LE and LA moieties evolved slowly until recently when significant achievements have been made. Hence, constraints and opportunities arising from previous research in this area are presented, focusing on the synthesis of well-defined polymers for the preparation of advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Palà
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Analítica i Química Orgànica,
Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Gerard Lligadas
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Analítica i Química Orgànica,
Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Adrian Moreno
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Analítica i Química Orgànica,
Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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8
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Do PT, Sbordone F, Kalmer H, Sokolova A, Zhang C, Thai LD, Golberg DV, Chapman R, Poad BLJ, Frisch H. Main chain selective polymer degradation: controlled by the wavelength and assembly. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12410-12419. [PMID: 39118612 PMCID: PMC11304539 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) revolutionized polymer chemistry and paved the way for accessing synthetic polymers with controlled sequences based on vinylic monomers. An inherent limitation of vinylic polymers stems from their all-carbon backbone, which limits both function and degradability. Herein, we report a synthetic strategy utilizing radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) of complementary photoreactive cyclic monomers in combination with RDRP to embed photoresponsive functionality into desired blocks of polyvinyl polymers. Exploiting different absorbances of photoreactive cyclic monomers, it becomes possible to degrade blocks selectively by irradiation with either UVB or UVA light. Translating such primary structures of polymer sequences into higher order assemblies, the hydrophobicity of the photodegradable monomers allowed for the formation of micelles in water. Upon exposure to light, the nondegradable blocks detached yielding a significant reduction in the micelle hydrodynamic diameter. As a result of the self-assembled micellar environment, telechelic oligomers with photoreactive termini (e.g., coumarin or styrylpyrene) resulting from the photodegradation of polymers in water underwent intermolecular photocycloaddition to photopolymerize, which usually only occurs efficiently at longer wavelengths and a much higher concentration of photoresponsive groups. The reported main chain polymer degradation is thus controlled by the irradiation wavelength and the assembly of the polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T Do
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Federica Sbordone
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Henrik Kalmer
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Anna Sokolova
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights NSW 2234 Australia
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Linh Duy Thai
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Dmitri V Golberg
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney Kensington NSW 2052 Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Berwyck L J Poad
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
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9
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Sbordone F, Frisch H. Plenty of Space in the Backbone: Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401547. [PMID: 38818742 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Radical polymerization is the most widely applied technique in both industry and fundamental science. However, its major drawback is that it typically yields polymers with non-functional, non-degradable all-carbon backbones-a limitation that radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) allows to overcome. The last decade has seen a surge in rROP, primarily focused on creating degradable polymers. This pursuit has resulted in the creation of the first readily degradable materials through radical polymerization. Recent years have witnessed innovations in new monomers that address previous design limitations, such as ring strain and reactivity ratios. Furthermore, advances in integrating rROP with reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) have facilitated the incorporation of complex, customizable chemical payloads into the main polymer chain. This short review discusses the latest developments in monomer design with a focused analysis of their limitations in a broader historical context. Recently evolving strategies for compatibility of rROP monomers with RDRP are discussed, which are key to precision polymer synthesis. The latest chemistry surveyed expands the horizon beyond mere hydrolytic degradation. Now is the time to explore the chemical potential residing in the previously inaccessible polymer backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sbordone
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Material Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Material Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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10
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Abstract
The recent emergence of nanomedicine has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape and necessitated the creation of more sophisticated drug delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles sit at the forefront of numerous promising drug delivery designs, due to their unmatched control over physiochemical properties such as size, shape, architecture, charge, and surface functionality. Furthermore, polymeric nanoparticles have the ability to navigate various biological barriers to precisely target specific sites within the body, encapsulate a diverse range of therapeutic cargo and efficiently release this cargo in response to internal and external stimuli. However, despite these remarkable advantages, the presence of polymeric nanoparticles in wider clinical application is minimal. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. The biological barriers affecting drug delivery will be outlined first, followed by a comprehensive description of the various nanoparticle designs and preparation methods, beginning with the polymers on which they are based. The review will meticulously explore the current performance of polymeric nanoparticles against a myriad of diseases including cancer, viral and bacterial infections, before finally evaluating the advantages and crucial challenges that will determine their wider clinical potential in the decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian
A. Beach
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Umeka Nayanathara
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yanting Gao
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Changhe Zhang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yijun Xiong
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yufu Wang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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11
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Panda G, Barik D, Dash M. Understanding Matrix Stiffness in Vinyl Polymer Hydrogels: Implications in Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17891-17902. [PMID: 38680357 PMCID: PMC11044159 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Matrix elasticity helps to direct bone cell differentiation, impact healing processes, and modify extracellular matrix deposition, all of which are required for tissue growth and maintenance. In this work, we evaluated the role of inorganic nanocrystals or mineral inducers such as nanohydroxyapatite, alkaline phosphatase, and nanoclay also known as montmorillonite deposited on vinyl-based hydrogels in generating matrices with different stiffness and their role in cell differentiation. Poly-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (PD) and poly-2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide (PH) are the two types of vinyl polymers chosen for preparing hydrogels via thermal cross-linking. The hydrogels exhibited porosity, which decreased with an increase in stiffness. Each of the compositions is non-cytotoxic and maintains the viability of pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). The PD hydrogels in the presence of ALP showed the highest mineralization ability confirmed through the alizarin assay and a better structural environment for their use as scaffolds for tissue engineering. The study reveals that understanding such interactions can generate hydrogels that can serve as efficient 3D models to study biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debyashreeta Barik
- Institute
of Life Sciences, Nalco
Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
- School
of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Mamoni Dash
- Institute
of Life Sciences, Nalco
Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
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12
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Diaz Varela JY, Burciaga Jurado LG, Olivas Armendáriz I, Martínez Pérez CA, Chapa González C. The role of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in enhancing the hydrolysis and thermal stability of PLA. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8405. [PMID: 38600178 PMCID: PMC11006862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a bioresorbable and biodegradable polymer extensively used in various biomedical and engineering applications. In this study, we investigated the mass loss and thermal properties of PLA-multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites under simulated physiological conditions. The composites were prepared by melting PLA with 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 wt% MWCNTs using an ultrasonic agitator, and FTIR analysis confirmed composite formation. Subsequently, the composites were subjected to hydrolysis under simulated physiological conditions (pH 7.4 and 37 °C) for up to 60 days. The results revealed that the mass loss of the composites decreased with increasing MWCNT content, suggesting that the presence of MWCNTs decelerated the hydrolysis process. On day 58, the mass loss of pure PLA was 12.5%, decreasing to 8.34% with 0.1% MWCNT, 5.94% with 0.5% MWCNT, 4.59% with 1% MWCNT, and 3.54% with 5.0% MWCNT. This study offers valuable insights into the behavior of PLA-MWCNT composites under physiologically simulated conditions, facilitating the development of new polymer composites with enhanced thermal stability and degradation resistance for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Yareli Diaz Varela
- Ingenieria Biomédica, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, 32310, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Grupo de Nanomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, 32310, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Lucero Guadalupe Burciaga Jurado
- Ingenieria Biomédica, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, 32310, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Imelda Olivas Armendáriz
- Departamento de Física y Matemáticas, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, 32310, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Martínez Pérez
- Departamento de Física y Matemáticas, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, 32310, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Christian Chapa González
- Ingenieria Biomédica, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, 32310, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
- Grupo de Nanomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, 32310, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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13
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Sbordone F, Micallef A, Frisch H. pH-Controlled Reversible Folding of Copolymers via Formation of β-sheet Secondary Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319839. [PMID: 38205669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Protein functions are enabled by their perfectly arranged 3D structure, which is the result of a hierarchical intramolecular folding process. Sequence-defined polypeptide chains form locally ordered secondary structures (i.e., α-helix and β-sheet) through hydrogen bonding between the backbone amides, shaping the overall tertiary structure. To generate similarly complex macromolecular architectures based on synthetic materials, a plethora of strategies have been developed to induce and control the folding of synthetic polymers. However, the degree of complexity of the structure-driving ensemble of interactions demonstrated by natural polymers is unreached, as synthesizing long sequence-defined polymers with functional backbones remains a challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis of hybrid peptide-N,N-Dimethylacrylamide copolymers via radical Ring-Opening Polymerization (rROP) of peptide containing macrocycles. The resulting synthetic polymers contain sequence-defined regions of β-sheet encoding amino acid sequences. Exploiting the pH responsiveness of the embedded sequences, protonation or deprotonation in water induces self-assembly of the peptide strands at an intramacromolecular level, driving polymer chain folding via formation of β-sheet secondary structures. We demonstrate that the folding behavior is sequence dependent and reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sbordone
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Aaron Micallef
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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14
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Deng Y, Schäfer S, Kronstein D, Atabay A, Susewind M, Krieg E, Seiffert S, Gaitzsch J. Amphiphilic Block Copolymers PEG- b-PMTCs: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, Degradation Properties and Biocompatibility. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:303-314. [PMID: 38039186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
As a hydrophilic cyclic ketene acetal (CKA), 2-methylene-1,3,6-trioxocane (MTC) has recently attracted a lot of attention owing to its ability to promote a quicker (bio)degradation as compared to other heavily studied CKAs. Here, we prepared amphiphilic block copolymers based on poly-MTC with varying chain lengths by radical ring opening polymerization. Self-assemblies of these amphiphiles were performed in PBS buffer to generate nanoparticles with sizes from 40 to 105 nm, which were verified by dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, and static light scattering (Zimm plots). Subsequently, fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to study the enzymatic degradation of Nile red-loaded nanoparticles. By performing a point-by-point comparison of fluorescence intensity decline patterns between nanoparticles, we demonstrated that lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia was very efficient in degrading the nanoparticles. Hydrolysis degradations under basic conditions were also carried out, and a complete degradation was achieved after 4 h. Additionally, cytotoxicity assays were carried out on HEK293 cells, and the results affirmed cell viabilities over 90% when incubated with up to 1 mg/mL nanoparticles for 24 h. These biodegradable and biocompatible nanoparticles hence hold great potential for future applications such as drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Deng
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Devin Kronstein
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Azra Atabay
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Susewind
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisha Krieg
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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15
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Kuroda K, Ouchi M. Umpolung Isomerization in Radical Copolymerization of Benzyl Vinyl Ether with Pentafluorophenylacrylate Leading to Degradable AAB Periodic Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316875. [PMID: 37971837 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study revealed that benzyl vinyl ether (BnVE) shows a peculiar isomerization propagation in its radical copolymerization with an electron-deficient acrylate carrying a pentafluorophenyl group (PFA). The co-monomer pair inherently exhibits the cross-over propagation feature due to the large difference in the electron density. However, the radical species of PFA was found to undergo a backward isomerization to the penultimate BnVE pendant giving a benzyl radical species prior to propagation with BnVE. The isomerization brings a drastic change in the character of the growing radical species from electrophilic to nucleophilic, and thus the isomerized benzyl radial species propagates with PFA. Consequently, the two monomers were consumed in the order AAB (A: PFA; B: BnVE) and the unique periodic consumption was confirmed by the pseudo-reactivity ratios calculated by the penultimate model: r11 =0.174 and r21 =6600 for PFA (M1 ) with BnVE (M2 ). The pentafluorophenyl ester groups of the resulting copolymers are transformed into ester and amide groups by post-polymerization alcoholysis and aminolysis modifications. The unique isomerization in the AAB sequence allowed the periodic introduction of a benzyl ether structure in the backbone leading to efficient degradation under acid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kuroda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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16
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Chen X, Moonshi SS, Nguyen NT, Ta HT. Preparation of protein-loaded nanoparticles based on poly(succinimide)-oleylamine for sustained protein release: a two-step nanoprecipitation method. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:055101. [PMID: 37863070 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the treatment for acute disease encompasses the use of various biological drugs (BDs). However, the utilisation of BDs is limited due to their rapid clearance and non-specific accumulation in unwanted sites, resulting in a lack of therapeutic efficacy together with adverse effects. While nanoparticles are considered good candidates to resolve this problem, some available polymeric carriers for BDs were mainly designed for long-term sustained release. Thus, there is a need to explore new polymeric carriers for the acute disease phase that requires sustained release of BDs over a short period, for example for thrombolysis and infection. Poly(succinimide)-oleylamine (PSI-OA), a biocompatible polymer with a tuneable dissolution profile, represents a promising strategy for loading BDs for sustained release within a 48-h period. In this work, we developed a two-step nanoprecipitation method to load the model protein (e.g. bovine serum albumin and lipase) on PSI-OA. The characteristics of the nanoparticles were assessed based on various loading parameters, such as concentration, stirring rate, flow rate, volume ratio, dissolution and release of the protein. The optimised NPs displayed a size within 200 nm that is suitable for vasculature delivery to the target sites. These findings suggest that PSI-OA can be employed as a carrier for BDs for applications that require sustained release over a short period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxun Chen
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Shehzahdi S Moonshi
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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17
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Deng Y, Mehner F, Gaitzsch J. Current Standing on Radical Ring-Opening Polymerizations of Cyclic Ketene Acetals as Homopolymers and Copolymers with one another. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200941. [PMID: 36881376 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Radical Ring-opening polymerization (RROP) of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) emerges to be a valuable polymerization technique. In attracting more attention, RROP has seen a new spike in publications, which the authors will put into perspective. This review will hence address the progress made on the number of available CKAs and the synthetic strategies to get them. In grouping, the available monomers into distinct categories, the enormous variety of available CKAs will be highlighted. Polymerizations of CKAs without vinylenes have the potential to yield fully biodegradable polymers, which is why this kind of polymerization is the focus of this review. Detailing the current understanding of the mechanism, the various side reactions will be noted and also their effect on the overall properties of the final polymers. Current attempts to control the ring-retaining and branching reactions will be discussed as well. In addition to the polymerization itself, the available materials will be discussed as well as homopolymers, copolymers of CKAs, and block-copolymers with pure CKA-blocks have significantly widened the range of possible applications of materials from RROP. Altogether this review highlights the progress in the entire field of RROP just of CKAs to give a holistic overview of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Deng
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Polymers, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Mehner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Polymers, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Sbordone F, Veskova J, Richardson B, Do PT, Micallef A, Frisch H. Embedding Peptides into Synthetic Polymers: Radical Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Cyclic Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6221-6229. [PMID: 36898136 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymers such as proteins and nucleic acids are the key building blocks of life. Synthetic polymers have nevertheless revolutionized our everyday life through their robust synthetic accessibility. Combining the unmatched functionality of biopolymers with the robustness of tailorable synthetic polymers holds the promise to create materials that can be designed ad hoc for a wide array of applications. Radical polymerization is the most widely applied polymerization technique in both fundamental science and industrial polymer production. While this polymerization technique is robust and well controlled, it generally yields unfunctional all-carbon backbones. Combinations of natural polymers such as peptides, with synthetic polymers, are thus limited to tethering peptides onto the side chains or chain ends of the latter. This synthetic limitation is a critical restraint, considering that the function of biopolymers is programmed into the sequence of their main chain (i.e., primary structure). Here, we report the radical copolymerization of peptides and synthetic comonomers yielding synthetic polymers with defined peptide sequences embedded into their main chain. Key was the development of a solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) approach to generate synthetic access to peptide conjugates containing allylic sulfides. Following cyclization, the obtained peptide monomers can be readily copolymerized with N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA)─controlled by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). Importantly, the developed synthetic strategy is compatible with all 20 standard amino acids and uses exclusively standard SPPS chemicals or chemicals accessible in one-step synthesis─prerequisite for widespread and universal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sbordone
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Juliet Veskova
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Bailey Richardson
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Phuong Thi Do
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Aaron Micallef
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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19
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Pesenti T, Gillon E, Ishii S, Messaoudi S, Guillaneuf Y, Imberty A, Nicolas J. Increasing the Hydrophilicity of Cyclic Ketene Acetals Improves the Hydrolytic Degradation of Vinyl Copolymers and the Interaction of Glycopolymer Nanoparticles with Lectins. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:991-1002. [PMID: 36724405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) with traditional vinyl monomers allows the synthesis of degradable vinyl copolymers. However, since the most commonly used CKAs are hydrophobic, most degradable vinyl copolymers reported so far degrade very slowly by hydrolysis under physiological conditions (phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4, 37 °C), which can be detrimental for biomedical applications. Herein, to design advanced vinyl copolymers by rROP with high CKA content and enhanced degradation profiles, we reported the copolymerization of 2-methylene-1,3,6-trioxocane (MTC) as a CKA with vinyl ether (VE) or maleimide (MI) derivatives. By performing a point-by-point comparison between the MTC/VE and MTC/MI copolymerization systems, and their counterparts based on 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO) and 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (BMDO), we showed negligible impact on the macromolecular characteristics and similar reactivity ratios, suggesting successful substitution of MDO and BMDO by MTC. Interestingly, owing to the hydrophilicity of MTC, the obtained copolymers exhibited a faster hydrolytic degradation under both accelerated and physiological conditions. We then prepared MTC-based glycopolymers, which were formulated into surfactant-free nanoparticles, exhibiting excellent colloidal stability up to 4 months and complete degradation under enzymatic conditions. Importantly, MTC-based glyconanoparticles also showed a similar cytocompatibility toward two healthy cell lines and a much stronger lectin affinity than MDO-based glyconanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Pesenti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Emilie Gillon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Seika Ishii
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | | | - Yohann Guillaneuf
- Aix-Marseille-Univ., CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
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20
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Kubota H, Ouchi M. Rapid and Selective Photo-degradation of Polymers: Design of an Alternating Copolymer with an o-Nitrobenzyl Ether Pendant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217365. [PMID: 36522304 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of polymers with on-demand degradability is required to alleviate the current global issues on polymer-waste pollution. Therefore, we designed a vinyl ether monomer with an o-nitrobenzyl (oNBn) group as a photo-deprotectable pendant (oNBnVE) and synthesized an alternating copolymer with an oNBn-capped acetal backbone via cationic copolymerization with p-tolualdehyde (pMeBzA). The resultant alternating copolymer could be rapidly degraded into lower-molecular-weight compounds upon simple exposure to UV irradiation without any reactants or catalysts, while it was sufficiently stable toward heat and ambient light. This degradation proceeds via cleavage of the hemiacetal structure generated upon photo-deprotection of the oNBn pendant. The oNBn-peculiar degradability allowed the exclusive photo-degradation of the oNBnVE/pMeBzA segments in a diblock copolymer composed of oNBnVE/pMeBzA and benzyl vinyl ether (BnVE)/pMeBzA segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kubota
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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21
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Degradation and drug release profile of degradable core-corona type particles under acidic condition for cancer treatment. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Ivanchenko O, Mazières S, Harrisson S, Destarac M. Lactide-derived monomers for radical thiocarbonyl addition-ring-opening copolymerisation. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00893a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The six-membered DL-thionolactide and DL-dithionolactide are reactive in radical ring-opening copolymerisation with a series of vinyl monomers to yield chemically degradable polymers. Bleach is an excellent degrading agent for both...
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