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Ghosh S, Roy S, Baid N, Das UK, Rakshit S, Sanghavi P, Hajra D, Das S, Menon S, Sahil M, Shaw S, Rajmani RS, Adicherla H, Kaledhonkar S, Mondal J, Chakravortty D, Mallik R, Banerjee A. Host AAA-ATPase VCP/p97 lyses ubiquitinated intracellular bacteria as an innate antimicrobial defence. Nat Microbiol 2025; 10:1099-1114. [PMID: 40217128 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-025-01984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025]
Abstract
Cell-autonomous immunity prevents intracellular pathogen growth through mechanisms such as ubiquitination and proteasomal targeting of bacteria for degradation. However, how the proteasome eradicates ubiquitinated bacteria has remained unclear. Here we show that host AAA-ATPase, VCP/p97, associates with diverse cytosol-exposed ubiquitinated bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Streptococcus pyogenes) and requires the ATPase activity in its D2 domain to reduce intracellular bacterial loads. Combining optical trap approaches along with molecular dynamic simulations, in vitro reconstitution and immunogold transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that p97 applies mechanical force to extract ubiquitinated surface proteins, BgaA and PspA, from S. pneumoniae cell membranes. This causes extensive membrane lysis and release of cytosolic content, thereby killing the pathogen. Further, p97 also controls S. pneumoniae proliferation in mice, ultimately protecting from fatal sepsis. Overall, we discovered a distinct innate antimicrobial function of p97 that can protect the host against lethal bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suvapriya Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Navin Baid
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Udit Kumar Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sumit Rakshit
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Paulomi Sanghavi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dipasree Hajra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sayani Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha Menon
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammad Sahil
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sudipti Shaw
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raju S Rajmani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Harikrishna Adicherla
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sandip Kaledhonkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jagannath Mondal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Roop Mallik
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Tang D, Bukai A, Qin S, Duan R, Lyu D, He Z, Zheng X, Wu W, Liang J, Qu H, Bieke A, Zhang P, Zhang D, Han H, Duan Q, Jing H, Wang X. Maternal F1 antibodies and cytokines in mother-neonate dog pairs in the Marmota himalayana plague focus. Heliyon 2025; 11:e42336. [PMID: 39991224 PMCID: PMC11847103 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2025] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 02/25/2025] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the F1 antibody against Yersinia pestis in the sera of mother-neonate shepherd dog pairs in the Marmota himalayana plague focus of the Altun-Qilian Mountains, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Seropositive shepherd dogs lived in plague-endemic regions, where marmots were infected with Y. pestis, whereas seronegative dogs lived in non-endemic regions. The neonatal F1 antibody titers positively correlated with the maternal titers within 3 months after birth, and the neonatal titers were similar to or slightly lower than the maternal titers. In the absence of reinfection, antibodies in the neonates were obtained from their mothers; titers decreased with age and disappeared after 3 months. Mean tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2, IL-10, and nerve growth factor (NGF)-β were higher in the mothers than in neonates. Maternal TNF-α, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, and NGF-β and neonatal monocyte chemoattractant factor (MCP)-1 and VEGF-A were positively correlated with F1 antibody titers. Our results reveal continuing vertical transmission of F1 antibodies between mother dogs and their offspring and cytokine signatures under plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Tang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Dongcheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Asaiti Bukai
- Akesai Kazak Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiuquan, China
| | - Shuai Qin
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Duan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyue Lyu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaokai He
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojin Zheng
- Akesai Kazak Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiuquan, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Junrong Liang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haifu Qu
- Akesai Kazak Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiuquan, China
| | - Aidai Bieke
- Akesai Kazak Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiuquan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haonan Han
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Duan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huaiqi Jing
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Kim JK, Sapkota A, Roh T, Jo EK. The intricate interactions between inflammasomes and bacterial pathogens: Roles, mechanisms, and therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Ther 2025; 265:108756. [PMID: 39581503 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 10/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that consist of a sensor, an adaptor, and a caspase enzyme to cleave interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 into their mature forms. In addition, caspase-1 and -11 activation results in the cleavage of gasdermin D to form pores, thereby inducing pyroptosis. Activation of the inflammasome and pyroptosis promotes host defense against pathogens, whereas dysregulation of the inflammasome can result in various pathologies. Inflammasomes exhibit versatile microbial signal detection, directly or indirectly, through cellular processes, such as ion fluctuations, reactive oxygen species generation, and the disruption of intracellular organelle function; however, bacteria have adaptive strategies to manipulate the inflammasome by altering microbe-associated molecular patterns, intercepting innate pathways with secreted effectors, and attenuating inflammatory and cell death responses. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the diverse roles of the inflammasome during bacterial infections and discuss how bacteria exploit inflammasome pathways to establish infections or persistence. In addition, we highlight the therapeutic potential of harnessing bacterial immune subversion strategies against acute and chronic bacterial infections. A more comprehensive understanding of the significance of inflammasomes in immunity and their intricate roles in the battle between bacterial pathogens and hosts will lead to the development of innovative strategies to address emerging threats posed by the expansion of drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Asmita Sapkota
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taylor Roh
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Kirkby M, Enosi Tuipulotu D, Feng S, Lo Pilato J, Man SM. Guanylate-binding proteins: mechanisms of pattern recognition and antimicrobial functions. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:883-893. [PMID: 37567806 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are a family of intracellular proteins which have diverse biological functions, including pathogen sensing and host defense against infectious disease. These proteins are expressed in response to interferon (IFN) stimulation and can localize and target intracellular microbes (e.g., bacteria and viruses) by protein trafficking and membrane binding. These properties contribute to the ability of GBPs to induce inflammasome activation, inflammation, and cell death, and to directly disrupt pathogen membranes. Recent biochemical studies have revealed that human GBP1, GBP2, and GBP3 can directly bind to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. In this review we discuss emerging data highlighting the functional versatility of GBPs, with a focus on their molecular mechanisms of pattern recognition and antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Kirkby
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Daniel Enosi Tuipulotu
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Shouya Feng
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jordan Lo Pilato
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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Abstract
The immune system of multicellular organisms protects them from harmful microbes. To establish an infection in the face of host immune responses, pathogens must evolve specific strategies to target immune defense mechanisms. One such defense is the formation of intracellular protein complexes, termed inflammasomes, that are triggered by the detection of microbial components and the disruption of homeostatic processes that occur during bacterial infection. Formation of active inflammasomes initiates programmed cell death pathways via activation of inflammatory caspases and cleavage of target proteins. Inflammasome-activated cell death pathways such as pyroptosis lead to proinflammatory responses that protect the host. Bacterial infection has the capacity to influence inflammasomes in two distinct ways: activation and perturbation. In this review, we discuss how bacterial activities influence inflammasomes, and we discuss the consequences of inflammasome activation or evasion for both the host and pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice I Herrmann
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James P Grayczyk
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
- Current affiliation: Oncology Discovery, Abbvie, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA;
| | - Igor E Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Guo XP, Yan HQ, Yang W, Yin Z, Vadyvaloo V, Zhou D, Sun YC. A frameshift in Yersinia pestis rcsD alters canonical Rcs signalling to preserve flea-mammal plague transmission cycles. eLife 2023; 12:e83946. [PMID: 37010269 PMCID: PMC10191623 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple genetic changes in the enteric pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis have driven the emergence of Yesinia pestis, the arthropod-borne, etiological agent of plague. These include developing the capacity for biofilm-dependent blockage of the flea foregut to enable transmission by flea bite. Previously, we showed that pseudogenization of rcsA, encoding a component of the Rcs signalling pathway, is an important evolutionary step facilitating Y. pestis flea-borne transmission. Additionally, rcsD, another important gene in the Rcs system, harbours a frameshift mutation. Here, we demonstrated that this rcsD mutation resulted in production of a small protein composing the C-terminal RcsD histidine-phosphotransferase domain (designated RcsD-Hpt) and full-length RcsD. Genetic analysis revealed that the rcsD frameshift mutation followed the emergence of rcsA pseudogenization. It further altered the canonical Rcs phosphorylation signal cascade, fine-tuning biofilm production to be conducive with retention of the pgm locus in modern lineages of Y. pestis. Taken together, our findings suggest that a frameshift mutation in rcsD is an important evolutionary step that fine-tuned biofilm production to ensure perpetuation of flea-mammal plague transmission cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Guo
- NHC key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Hai-Qin Yan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State UniversityPullmanUnited States
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijingChina
| | - Zhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijingChina
| | - Viveka Vadyvaloo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State UniversityPullmanUnited States
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijingChina
| | - Yi-Cheng Sun
- NHC key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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