1
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Xu Y, Xie C, Wang S, Yao X. Design and regulation of defective electrocatalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39268976 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00217b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalysts are the key components of electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices. High performance electrocatalysts can effectively reduce the energy barrier of the chemical reactions, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of energy devices. The electrocatalytic reaction mainly experiences adsorption and desorption of molecules (reactants, intermediates and products) on a catalyst surface, accompanied by charge transfer processes. Therefore, surface control of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalyst design and optimization. In recent years, many studies have revealed that the rational design and regulation of a defect structure can result in rearrangement of the atomic structure on the catalyst surface, thereby efficaciously promoting the electrocatalytic performance. However, the relationship between defects and catalytic properties still remains to be understood. In this review, the types of defects, synthesis methods and characterization techniques are comprehensively summarized, and then the intrinsic relationship between defects and electrocatalytic performance is discussed. Moreover, the application and development of defects are reviewed in detail. Finally, the challenges existing in defective electrocatalysts are summarized and prospected, and the future research direction is also suggested. We hope that this review will provide some principal guidance and reference for researchers engaged in defect and catalysis research, better help researchers understand the research status and development trends in the field of defects and catalysis, and expand the application of high-performance defective electrocatalysts to the field of electrocatalytic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410114, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410114, P. R. China.
| | - Yangfan Xu
- School of Advanced Energy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Yao
- School of Advanced Energy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P. R. China.
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2
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Zuo W, Gim J, Li T, Hou D, Gao Y, Zhou S, Zhao C, Jia X, Yang Z, Liu Y, Xu W, Xiao X, Xu GL, Amine K. Microstrain screening towards defect-less layered transition metal oxide cathodes. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01734-x. [PMID: 39164411 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Microstrain and the associated surface-to-bulk propagation of structural defects are known to be major roadblocks to developing high-energy and long-life batteries. However, the origin and effects of microstrain during the synthesis of battery materials remain largely unknown. Here we perform microstrain screening during real-time and realistic synthesis of sodium layered oxide cathodes. Evidence gathered from multiscale in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and microscopy characterization collectively reveals that the spatial distribution of transition metals within individual precursor particles strongly governs the nanoscale phase transformation, local charge heterogeneity and accumulation of microstrain during synthesis. This unexpected dominance of transition metals results in a counterintuitive outward propagation of defect nucleation and growth. These insights direct a more rational synthesis route to reduce the microstrain and crystallographic defects within the bulk lattice, leading to significantly improved structural stability. The present work on microstrain screening represents a critical step towards synthesis-by-design of defect-less battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zuo
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Jihyeon Gim
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Tianyi Li
- X-ray Sciences Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Dewen Hou
- Centre for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Yibo Gao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Shiyuan Zhou
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Xin Jia
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Yuzi Liu
- Centre for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Sciences Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
| | - Gui-Liang Xu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
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3
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Xu X, Guan J. Spin effect in dual-atom catalysts for electrocatalysis. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04370g. [PMID: 39246370 PMCID: PMC11376133 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04370g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of high-efficiency atomic-level catalysts for energy-conversion and -storage technologies is crucial to address energy shortages. The spin states of diatomic catalysts (DACs) are closely tied to their catalytic activity. Adjusting the spin states of DACs' active centers can directly modify the occupancy of d-orbitals, thereby influencing the bonding strength between metal sites and intermediates as well as the energy transfer during electro reactions. Herein, we discuss various techniques for characterizing the spin states of atomic catalysts and strategies for modulating their active center spin states. Next, we outline recent progress in the study of spin effects in DACs for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), electrocatalytic nitrogen/nitrate reduction reaction (eNRR/NO3RR), and electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCO2RR) and provide a detailed explanation of the catalytic mechanisms influenced by the spin regulation of DACs. Finally, we offer insights into the future research directions in this critical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Xu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 PR China
| | - Jingqi Guan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 PR China
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4
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Cai M, Zhang Y, He P, Zhang Z. Recent Advances in Revealing the Electrocatalytic Mechanism for Hydrogen Energy Conversion System. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405008. [PMID: 39075971 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
In light of the intensifying global energy crisis and the mounting demand for environmental protection, it is of vital importance to develop advanced hydrogen energy conversion systems. Electrolysis cells for hydrogen production and fuel cell devices for hydrogen utilization are indispensable in hydrogen energy conversion. As one of the electrolysis cells, water splitting involves two electrochemical reactions, hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. And oxygen reduction reaction coupled with hydrogen oxidation reaction, represent the core electrocatalytic reactions in fuel cell devices. However, the inherent complexity and the lack of a clear understanding of the structure-performance relationship of these electrocatalytic reactions, have posed significant challenges to the advancement of research in this field. In this work, the recent development in revealing the mechanism of electrocatalytic reactions in hydrogen energy conversion systems is reviewed, including in situ characterization and theoretical calculation. First, the working principles and applications of operando measurements in unveiling the reaction mechanism are systematically introduced. Then the application of theoretical calculations in the design of catalysts and the investigation of the reaction mechanism are discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities are also summarized and discussed for paving the development of hydrogen energy conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Cai
- Materials Tech Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy Storage, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Peilei He
- Materials Tech Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy Storage, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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5
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Grimes M, Atlan C, Chatelier C, Bellec E, Olson K, Simonne D, Levi M, Schülli TU, Leake SJ, Rabkin E, Eymery J, Richard MI. Capturing Catalyst Strain Dynamics during Operando CO Oxidation. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39009584 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the strain dynamic behavior of catalysts is crucial for the development of cost-effective, efficient, stable, and long-lasting catalysts. Using time-resolved Bragg coherent diffraction imaging at the fourth generation Extremely Brilliant Source of the European Synchrotron (ESRF-EBS), we achieved subsecond time resolution during operando chemical reactions. Upon investigation of Pt nanoparticles during CO oxidation, the three-dimensional strain profile highlights significant changes in the surface and subsurface regions, where localized strain is probed along the [111] direction. Notably, a rapid increase in tensile strain was observed at the top and bottom Pt {111} facets during CO adsorption. Moreover, we detected oscillatory strain changes (6.4 s period) linked to CO adsorption during oxidation, where a time resolution of 0.25 s was achieved. This approach allows for the study of adsorption dynamics of catalytic nanomaterials at the single-particle level under operando conditions, which provides insight into nanoscale catalytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grimes
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Clément Atlan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Corentin Chatelier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ewen Bellec
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Kyle Olson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - David Simonne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Départementale 128, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Mor Levi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Tobias U Schülli
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Steven J Leake
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eugen Rabkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Joël Eymery
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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6
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Huang X, Wu Z, Zhang B, Yang G, Wang HF, Wang H, Cao Y, Peng F, Li S, Yu H. Formation of Disordered High-Entropy-Alloy Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Electrocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311631. [PMID: 38513241 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles composed of high-entropy alloys (HEA NPs) exhibit remarkable performance in electrocatalytic processes such as hydrogen evolution and oxidations. In this study, two types of quinary HEA NPs of PtRhPdIrRu, are synthesized, featuring disordered and crystallized nanostructures, both with and without a boiling mixture. The disordered HEA NPs (d-HEA NPs) with a size of 3.5 nm is synthesized under intense boiling conditions, attributed to improved heat and mass transfer during reduction of precursors and particle growth. The disordered HEA NPs displayed an exceptionally high turnover frequency of 33.1 s-1 at an overpotential of 50 mV, surpassing commercial Pt NPs in acidic electrolytes by 5.4 times. Additionally, d-HEA NPs exhibited superior stability at a constant electrolyzing current of 50 mA cm-2 compared to commercial Pt NPs. When employed as the anodic catalyst in an H2-O2 fuel cell, d-HEA NPs demonstrated a remarkable high current power density of 15.3 kW per gram of noble metal. Consequently, these findings highlight the potential of d-HEA NPs in electrochemical applications involving hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zenan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guangxing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hao-Fan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yonghai Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
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7
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Shi BX, Wales DJ, Michaelides A, Myung CW. Going for Gold(-Standard): Attaining Coupled Cluster Accuracy in Oxide-Supported Nanoclusters. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:5306-5316. [PMID: 38856017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The structure of oxide-supported metal nanoclusters plays an essential role in their sharply enhanced catalytic activity over that of bulk metals. Simulations provide the atomic-scale resolution needed to understand these systems. However, the sensitive mix of metal-metal and metal-support interactions, which govern their structure, puts stringent requirements on the method used, requiring calculations beyond standard density functional theory (DFT). The method of choice is coupled cluster theory [specifically CCSD(T)], but its computational cost has so far prevented its application to these systems. In this work, we showcase two approaches to make CCSD(T) accuracy readily achievable in oxide-supported nanoclusters. First, we leverage the SKZCAM protocol to provide the first benchmarks of oxide-supported nanoclusters, revealing that it is specifically metal-metal interactions that are challenging to capture with DFT. Second, we propose a CCSD(T) correction (ΔCC) to the metal-metal interaction errors in DFT, reaching accuracy comparable to that of the SKZCAM protocol at significantly lower cost. This approach forges a path toward studying larger systems at reliable accuracy, which we highlight by identifying a ground-state structure in agreement with experiments for Au20 on MgO, a challenging system where DFT models have yielded conflicting predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin X Shi
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - David J Wales
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Chang Woo Myung
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Suwon 16419, Korea
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8
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Lu S, Hu Y, Xia F, Yang S, Jiang S, Zhou Y, Ma D, Zhang W, Li J, Wu J, Rao D, Yue Q. Simultaneously Geometrical and Electronic Modulation of L 10-PtZn by Trace Ge Boosts High-performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305296. [PMID: 38010122 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Developing a highly active, durable, and low-platinum-based electrocatalyst for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is for breaking the bottleneck of large-scale applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, ultrafine PtZn intermetallic nanoparticles with low Pt-loading and trace germanium (Ge) involvement confined in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon (Ge-L10-PtZn@N-C) are reported. The Ge-L10-PtZn@N-C exhibit superior ORR activity with a mass activity of 3.04 A mg-1 Pt and specific activity of 4.69 mA cm-2, ≈12.2- and 10.2-times improvement compared to the commercial Pt/C (20%) at 0.90 V in 0.1 m KOH. The cathodic catalyst Ge-L10-PtZn@N-C assembled in the PEMFC shows encouraging peak power densities of 316.5 (at 0.86 V) and 417.2 mW cm-2 (at 0.91 V) in alkaline and acidic fuel-cell, respectively. The combination of experiment and density functional theory calculations (DFT) results robustly reveal that the participation of trace Ge can not only trigger a "growth site locking effect" to effectively inhibit nanoparticle growth, bring miniature nanoparticles, enhance dispersion uniformity, and achieve the exposure of the more electrochemical active site, but also effectively modulates the electronic structure, hence optimizing the adsorption/desorption of the oxygen intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Lu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yiping Hu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Fanjie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, NRC (Nanostructure Research Centre) Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaokang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shuaihu Jiang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Dongsheng Ma
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, NRC (Nanostructure Research Centre) Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dewei Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qin Yue
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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9
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Wei F, Zhuang L. Unsupervised machine learning reveals eigen reactivity of metal surfaces. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:756-762. [PMID: 38184386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of metal surfaces is a cornerstone concept in chemistry, as metals have long been used as catalysts to accelerate chemical reactions. Although fundamentally important, the reactivity of metal surfaces has hitherto not been explicitly defined. For example, in order to compare the activity of two metal surfaces, a particular probe adsorbate, such as O, H, or CO, has to be specified, as comparisons may vary from probe to probe. Here we report that the metal surfaces actually have their own intrinsic/eigen reactivity, independent of any probe adsorbate. By employing unsupervised machine learning algorithms, specifically, principal component analysis (PCA), two dominant eigenvectors emerged from the binding strength dataset formed by 10 commonly used probes on 48 typical metal surfaces. According to their chemical characteristics revealed by vector decomposition, these two eigenvectors can be defined as the covalent reactivity and the ionic reactivity, respectively. Whereas the ionic reactivity turns out to be related to the work function of the metal surface, the covalent reactivity cannot be indexed by simple physical properties, but appears to be roughly connected with the valence-electron number normalized density of states at the Fermi level. Our findings expose that the metal surface reactivity is essentially a two-dimensional vector rather than a scalar, opening new horizons for understanding interactions at the metal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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10
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Zhang C, Hao X, Wang J, Ding X, Zhong Y, Jiang Y, Wu MC, Long R, Gong W, Liang C, Cai W, Low J, Xiong Y. Concentrated Formic Acid from CO 2 Electrolysis for Directly Driving Fuel Cell. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317628. [PMID: 38305482 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The production of formic acid via electrochemical CO2 reduction may serve as a key link for the carbon cycle in the formic acid economy, yet its practical feasibility is largely limited by the quantity and concentration of the product. Here we demonstrate continuous electrochemical CO2 reduction for formic acid production at 2 M at an industrial-level current densities (i.e., 200 mA cm-2 ) for 300 h on membrane electrode assembly using scalable lattice-distorted bismuth catalysts. The optimized catalysts also enable a Faradaic efficiency for formate of 94.2 % and a highest partial formate current density of 1.16 A cm-2 , reaching a production rate of 21.7 mmol cm-2 h-1 . To assess the practicality of this system, we perform a comprehensive techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment, showing that our approach can potentially substitute conventional methyl formate hydrolysis for industrial formic acid production. Furthermore, the resultant formic acid serves as direct fuel for air-breathing formic acid fuel cells, boasting a power density of 55 mW cm-2 and an exceptional thermal efficiency of 20.1 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaobin Hao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jiatang Wang
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiayu Ding
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yawen Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ming-Chung Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ran Long
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wanbing Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Changhao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jingxiang Low
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yujie Xiong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
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11
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Đukić T, Moriau L, Klofutar I, Šala M, Pavko L, González López FJ, Ruiz-Zepeda F, Pavlišič A, Hotko M, Gatalo M, Hodnik N. Adjusting the Operational Potential Window as a Tool for Prolonging the Durability of Carbon-Supported Pt-Alloy Nanoparticles as Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 2024; 14:4303-4317. [PMID: 38510667 PMCID: PMC10949198 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c06251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
A current trend in the investigation of state-of-the-art Pt-alloys as proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) electrocatalysts is to study their long-term stability as a bottleneck for their full commercialization. Although many parameters have been appropriately addressed, there are still certain issues that must be considered. Here, the stability of an experimental Pt-Co/C electrocatalyst is investigated by high-temperature accelerated degradation tests (HT-ADTs) in a high-temperature disk electrode (HT-DE) setup, allowing the imitation of close-to-real operational conditions in terms of temperature (60 °C). Although the US Department of Energy (DoE) protocol has been chosen as the basis of the study (30,000 trapezoidal wave cycling steps between 0.6 and 0.95 VRHE with a 3 s hold time at both the lower potential limit (LPL) and the upper potential limit (UPL)), this works demonstrates that limiting both the LPL and UPL (from 0.6-0.95 to 0.7-0.85 VRHE) can dramatically reduce the degradation rate of state-of-the-art Pt-alloy electrocatalysts. This has been additionally confirmed with the use of an electrochemical flow cell coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (EFC-ICP-MS), which enables real-time monitoring of the dissolution mechanisms of Pt and Co. In line with the HT-DE methodology observations, a dramatic decrease in the total dissolution of Pt and Co has once again been observed upon narrowing the potential window to 0.7-0.85 VRHE rather than 0.6-0.95 VRHE. Additionally, the effect of the potential hold time at both LPL and UPL on metal dissolution has also been investigated. The findings demonstrate that the dissolution rate of both metals is proportional to the hold time at UPL regardless of the applied potential window, whereas the hold time at the LPL does not appear to be as detrimental to the stability of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Đukić
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Léonard
Jean Moriau
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| | - Iva Klofutar
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| | - Martin Šala
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| | - Luka Pavko
- ReCatalyst
d.o.o., Hajdrihova Ulica
19, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| | | | - Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Pavlišič
- Department
of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| | - Miha Hotko
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
- University
of Nova Gorica, Vipavska
13, Nova Gorica 5000, Slovenia
| | - Matija Gatalo
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
- ReCatalyst
d.o.o., Hajdrihova Ulica
19, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
- University
of Nova Gorica, Vipavska
13, Nova Gorica 5000, Slovenia
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12
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Do VH, Lee JM. Surface engineering for stable electrocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2693-2737. [PMID: 38318782 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00292f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, significant progress has been achieved in rational developments of electrocatalysts through constructing novel atomistic structures and modulating catalytic surface topography, realizing substantial enhancement in electrocatalytic activities. Numerous advanced catalysts were developed for electrochemical energy conversion, exhibiting low overpotential, high intrinsic activity, and selectivity. Yet, maintaining the high catalytic performance under working conditions with high polarization and vigorous microkinetics that induce intensive degradation of surface nanostructures presents a significant challenge for commercial applications. Recently, advanced operando and computational techniques have provided comprehensive mechanistic insights into the degradation of surficial functional structures. Additionally, various innovative strategies have been devised and proven effective in sustaining electrocatalytic activity under harsh operating conditions. This review aims to discuss the most recent understanding of the degradation microkinetics of catalysts across an entire range of anodic to cathodic polarizations, encompassing processes such as oxygen evolution and reduction, hydrogen reduction, and carbon dioxide reduction. Subsequently, innovative strategies adopted to stabilize the materials' structure and activity are highlighted with an in-depth discussion of the underlying rationale. Finally, we present conclusions and perspectives regarding future research and development. By identifying the research gaps, this review aims to inspire further exploration of surface degradation mechanisms and rational design of durable electrocatalysts, ultimately contributing to the large-scale utilization of electroconversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet-Hung Do
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459.
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459.
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141
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13
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Wang YC, Slater TJA, Leteba GM, Lang CI, Wang ZL, Haigh SJ. In Situ Single Particle Reconstruction Reveals 3D Evolution of PtNi Nanocatalysts During Heating. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2302426. [PMID: 37907412 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring nanoparticles' composition and morphology is of particular interest for improving their performance for catalysis. A challenge of this approach is that the nanoparticles' optimized initial structure often changes during use. Visualizing the three dimensional (3D) structural transformation in situ is therefore critical, but often prohibitively difficult experimentally. Although electron tomography provides opportunities for 3D imaging, restrictions in the tilt range of in situ holders together with electron dose considerations limit the possibilities for in situ electron tomography studies. Here, an in situ 3D imaging methodology is presented using single particle reconstruction (SPR) that allows 3D reconstruction of nanoparticles with controlled electron dose and without tilting the microscope stage. This in situ SPR methodology is employed to investigate the restructuring and elemental redistribution within a population of PtNi nanoparticles at elevated temperatures. The atomic structure of PtNi is further examined and a heat-induced transition is found from a disordered to an ordered phase. Changes in structure and elemental distribution are linked to a loss of catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction. The in situ SPR methodology employed here can be extended to a wide range of in situ studies employing not only heating, but gaseous, aqueous, or electrochemical environments to reveal in-operando nanoparticle evolution in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Thomas J A Slater
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Gerard M Leteba
- Centre for Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Candace I Lang
- Centre for Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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14
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Nie Y, Sun Y, Song B, Meyer Q, Liu S, Guo H, Tao L, Lin F, Luo M, Zhang Q, Gu L, Yang L, Zhao C, Guo S. Low-Electronegativity Mn-Contraction of PtMn Nanodendrites Boosts Oxygen Reduction Durability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317987. [PMID: 38152839 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Platinum metal (PtM, M=Ni, Fe, Co) alloys catalysts show high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity due to their well-known strain and ligand effects. However, these PtM alloys usually suffer from a deficient ORR durability in acidic environment as the alloyed metal is prone to be dissolved due to its high electronegativity. Herein, we report a new class of PtMn alloy nanodendrite catalyst with low-electronegativity Mn-contraction for boosting the oxygen reduction durability of fuel cells. The moderate strain in PtMn, induced by Mn contraction, yields optimal oxygen reduction activity at 0.53 A mg-1 at 0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Most importantly, we show that relative to well-known high-electronegativity Ni-based Pt alloy counterpart, the PtMn nanodendrite catalyst experiences less transition metals' dissolution in acidic solution and achieves an outstanding mass activity retention of 96 % after 10,000 degradation cycles. Density functional theory calculation reveals that PtMn alloys are thermodynamically more stable than PtNi alloys in terms of formation enthalpy and cohesive energy. The PtMn nanodendrite-based membrane electrode assembly delivers an outstanding peak power density of 1.36 W cm-2 at a low Pt loading and high-performance retention over 50 h operations at 0.6 V in H2 -O2 hydrogen fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Nie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Yingjun Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bingyi Song
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Quentin Meyer
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Shiyang Liu
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Hongyu Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lu Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fangxu Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingchuan Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Liming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Shaojun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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15
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Zhao CX, Liu X, Liu JN, Wang J, Wan X, Li XY, Tang C, Wang C, Song L, Shui J, Peng HJ, Li BQ, Zhang Q. Inductive Effect on Single-Atom Sites. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27531-27538. [PMID: 38054906 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts exhibit promising electrocatalytic activity, a trait that can be further enhanced through the introduction of heteroatom doping within the carbon skeleton. Nonetheless, the intricate relationship between the doping positions and activity remains incompletely elucidated. This contribution sheds light on an inductive effect of single-atom sites, showcasing that the activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) can be augmented by reducing the spatial gap between the doped heteroatom and the single-atom sites. Drawing inspiration from this inductive effect, we propose a synthesis strategy involving ligand modification aimed at precisely adjusting the distance between dopants and single-atom sites. This precise synthesis leads to optimized electrocatalytic activity for the ORR. The resultant electrocatalyst, characterized by Fe-N3P1 single-atom sites, demonstrates remarkable ORR activity, thus exhibiting great potential in zinc-air batteries and fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Xin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Ning Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xi-Yao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changda Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, Anhui, China
| | - Li Song
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, Anhui, China
| | - Jianglan Shui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hong-Jie Peng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo-Quan Li
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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16
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Han Y, Xu H, Li Q, Du A, Yan X. DFT-assisted low-dimensional carbon-based electrocatalysts design and mechanism study: a review. Front Chem 2023; 11:1286257. [PMID: 37920412 PMCID: PMC10619919 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1286257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-dimensional carbon-based (LDC) materials have attracted extensive research attention in electrocatalysis because of their unique advantages such as structural diversity, low cost, and chemical tolerance. They have been widely used in a broad range of electrochemical reactions to relieve environmental pollution and energy crisis. Typical examples include hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Traditional "trial and error" strategies greatly slowed down the rational design of electrocatalysts for these important applications. Recent studies show that the combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental research is capable of accurately predicting the structures of electrocatalysts, thus revealing the catalytic mechanisms. Herein, current well-recognized collaboration methods of theory and practice are reviewed. The commonly used calculation methods and the basic functionals are briefly summarized. Special attention is paid to descriptors that are widely accepted as a bridge linking the structure and activity and the breakthroughs for high-volume accurate prediction of electrocatalysts. Importantly, correlated multiple descriptors are used to systematically describe the complicated interfacial electrocatalytic processes of LDC catalysts. Furthermore, machine learning and high-throughput simulations are crucial in assisting the discovery of new multiple descriptors and reaction mechanisms. This review will guide the further development of LDC electrocatalysts for extended applications from the aspect of DFT computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Han
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hongzhe Xu
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Qin Li
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xuecheng Yan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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17
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Bai J, Mei J, Shang J, Mao X, Qi D, Liao T, Du A, Sun Z. Phosphorus-Modulated Generation of Defective Molybdenum Sites as Synergistic Active Centers for Durable Oxygen Evolution. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300586. [PMID: 37317007 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities primarily depend on the active centers of electrocatalysts. In some oxide electrocatalysts, high-valence metal sites (e.g., molybdenum oxide) are generally not the real active centers for electrocatalytic reactions, which is largely due to their undesired intermediate adsorption behaviors. As a proof-of-concept, molybdenum oxide catalysts are selected as a representative model, in which the intrinsic molybdenum sites are not the favorable active sites. Via phosphorus-modulated defective engineering, the inactive molybdenum sites can be regenerated as synergistic active centers for promoting OER. By virtue of comprehensive comparison , it is revealed that the OER performance of oxide catalysts is highly associated with the phosphorus sites and the molybdenum/oxygen defects. Specifically, the optimal catalyst delivers an overpotential of 287 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm-2 , accompanied by only 2% performance decay for continuous operation up to 50 h. It is expected that this work sheds light on the enrichment of metal active sites via activating inert metal sites on oxide catalysts for boosting electrocatalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bai
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Jun Mei
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xin Mao
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Dongchen Qi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Ting Liao
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Mechanical Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Ziqi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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18
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Hu B, Xie Y, Yang Y, Meng J, Cai J, Chen C, Yu D, Zhou X. Lattice strain controlled Ni@NiCu efficient anode catalysts for direct borohydride fuel cells. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12002-12009. [PMID: 37581213 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02157b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
We successfully fabricated a novel tensile lattice strained Ni@NiCu catalyst with a popcorn-like morphology, which is composed of a crystalline Ni core and a NiCu alloy shell. It exhibits outstanding catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability towards borohydride electrooxidation. Moreover, a direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) with a Ni@NiCu anode can deliver a power density of 433 mW cm-2 and an open circuit voltage of 1.94 V, much better than the performances of DBFCs employing other anode catalysts reported in the literature. This could be attributed to the fact that the tensile lattice strain generated by the introduction of Cu leads to a rise in the d-band center of the Ni metal and promotes the final B-H decoupling, which is the rate-determining step in the borohydride oxidation reaction, thus improving remarkably the catalytic performances of Ni@NiCu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihao Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P.R. China.
| | - Yuxin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P.R. China.
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P.R. China.
| | - Jiazhi Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P.R. China.
| | - Jinliang Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P.R. China.
| | - Changguo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P.R. China.
| | - Danmei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P.R. China.
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19
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Yao Q, Yu Z, Li L, Huang X. Strain and Surface Engineering of Multicomponent Metallic Nanomaterials with Unconventional Phases. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9676-9717. [PMID: 37428987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent metallic nanomaterials with unconventional phases show great prospects in electrochemical energy storage and conversion, owing to unique crystal structures and abundant structural effects. In this review, we emphasize the progress in the strain and surface engineering of these novel nanomaterials. We start with a brief introduction of the structural configurations of these materials, based on the interaction types between the components. Next, the fundamentals of strain, strain effect in relevant metallic nanomaterials with unconventional phases, and their formation mechanisms are discussed. Then the progress in surface engineering of these multicomponent metallic nanomaterials is demonstrated from the aspects of morphology control, crystallinity control, surface modification, and surface reconstruction. Moreover, the applications of the strain- and surface-engineered unconventional nanomaterials mainly in electrocatalysis are also introduced, where in addition to the catalytic performance, the structure-performance correlations are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this promising field are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Leigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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20
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Mu W, Ma S, Chen H, Liu T, Long J, Zeng Q, Li X. Quantifying the Two-Dimensional Driving Patterns of Chemisorbed Oxygen and Particle Size on NO Reduction Activity and Mechanism. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37452748 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantification in the driving patterns of activity descriptors on structure-activity relationships and reaction mechanisms over heterogeneous catalysts is still a great challenge and needs to be addressed urgently. Herein, with the example of typical Mn-based catalysts, based on the activity regularity and many characterizations, the chemisorbed oxygen density (ρOβ) and particle size (dTEM) have been proposed as the two-dimensional descriptors for selective catalytic reduction of NO, whose role is in quantifying the contents of vacancy defects and the amounts of active sites located on terraces or interfaces, respectively. They can be utilized to construct and quantify the driving patterns for the structure-activity relationships and reaction mechanisms of NO reduction. As a consequence, a complementary modulation for Ea by ρOβ and dTEM is described quantitatively in terms of the fitted functions. Moreover, based on the structure-activity relationships and the quantification laws of in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), the reaction efficiency (RE) of the specific combined NOx-intermediate is identified as the trigger to drive the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism and modulated by the descriptors complementally and collaboratively following the fitted quantification functions. Either of the two descriptors at its lower values plays a dominant role in regulating Ea and RE, and the dominant factor evolves progressively: dTEM ↔ coupling dTEM with ρOβ ↔ ρOβ, when the dependency of Ea and RE on the descriptors is adopted to identify the dominant factor and domains. Therefore, this work has quantitatively accounted for the essence of activity modulation and may provide insight into the quantitative driving patterns for reaction activity and mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Mu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory of China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shichao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory of China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory of China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory of China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory of China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory of China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xuehui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory of China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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21
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Wang H, Gao J, Chen C, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Li D, Chen Y, Wang C, Zhu C, Ke X, Pei J, Dong J, Chen Q, Jin H, Chai M, Li Y. PtNi-W/C with Atomically Dispersed Tungsten Sites Toward Boosted ORR in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Devices. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:143. [PMID: 37266746 PMCID: PMC10236083 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is heavily dependent on the microstructure of electrode catalyst especially at low catalyst loadings. This work shows a hybrid electrocatalyst consisting of PtNi-W alloy nanocrystals loaded on carbon surface with atomically dispersed W sites by a two-step straightforward method. Single-atomic W can be found on the carbon surface, which can form protonic acid sites and establish an extended proton transport network at the catalyst surface. When implemented in membrane electrode assembly as cathode at ultra-low loading of 0.05 mgPt cm-2, the peak power density of the cell is enhanced by 64.4% compared to that with the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The theoretical calculation suggests that the single-atomic W possesses a favorable energetics toward the formation of *OOH whereby the intermediates can be efficiently converted and further reduced to water, revealing a interfacial cascade catalysis facilitated by the single-atomic W. This work highlights a novel functional hybrid electrocatalyst design from the atomic level that enables to solve the bottle-neck issues at device level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Changli Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Limited, Beijing, 102209, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihou Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing Ke
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiajing Pei
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Juncai Dong
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Maorong Chai
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Limited, Beijing, 102209, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Wang FD, Yang LJ, Wang XX, Rong Y, Yang LB, Zhang CX, Yan FY, Wang QL. Pyrazine-Functionalized Donor-Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution with High Proton Transport. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207421. [PMID: 36890778 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The well-defined 2D or 3D structure of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) makes it have great potential in photoelectric conversion and ions conduction fields. Herein, a new donor-accepter (D-A) COF material, named PyPz-COF, constructed from electron donor 4,4',4″,4'″-(pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrayl)tetraaniline and electron accepter 4,4'-(pyrazine-2,5-diyl)dibenzaldehyde with an ordered and stable π-conjugated structure is reported. Interestingly, the introduction of pyrazine ring endows the PyPz-COF a distinct optical, electrochemical, charge-transfer properties, and also brings plentiful CN groups that enrich the proton by hydrogen bonds to enhance the photocatalysis performance. Thus, PyPz-COF exhibits a significantly improved photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance up to 7542 µmol g-1 h-1 with Pt as cocatalyst, also in clear contrast to that of PyTp-COF without pyrazine introduction (1714 µmol g-1 h-1 ). Moreover, the abundant nitrogen sites of the pyrazine ring and the well-defined 1D nanochannels enable the as-prepared COFs to immobilize H3 PO4 proton carriers in COFs through hydrogen bond confinement. The resulting material has an impressive proton conduction up to 8.10 × 10-2 S cm-1 at 353 K, 98% RH. This work will inspire the design and synthesis of COF-based materials with both efficient photocatalysis and proton conduction performance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Dong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yi Rong
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Li-Bin Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Fang-You Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Lun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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23
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Zhang D, Zhang Q, Peng C, Long Z, Zhuang G, Kramer D, Komarneni S, Zhi C, Xue D. Recent advances in developing multiscale descriptor approach for the design of oxygen redox electrocatalysts. iScience 2023; 26:106624. [PMID: 37138778 PMCID: PMC10149376 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen redox electrocatalysis is the crucial electrode reaction among new-era energy sources. The prerequisite to rationally design an ideal electrocatalyst is accurately identifying the structure-activity relationship based on the so-called descriptors which link the catalytic performance with structural properties. However, the quick discovery of those descriptors remains challenging. In recent, the high-throughput computing and machine learning methods were identified to present great prospects for accelerating the screening of descriptors. That new research paradigm improves cognition in the way of oxygen evolution reaction/oxygen reduction reaction activity descriptor and reinforces the understanding of intrinsic physical and chemical features in the electrocatalytic process from a multiscale perspective. This review summarizes those new research paradigms for screening multiscale descriptors, especially from atomic scale to cluster mesoscale and bulk macroscale. The development of descriptors from traditional intermediate to eigen feature parameters has been addressed which provides guidance for the intelligent design of new energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Zhang
- Multiscale Crystal Materials Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Multiscale Crystal Materials Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Multiscale Crystal Materials Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Zhi Long
- Multiscale Crystal Materials Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guilin Zhuang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310032, China
| | - Denis Kramer
- Helmut-Schmidt-University, University of the Armed Forces, Hamburg 22043, Germany
| | - Sridhar Komarneni
- Materials Research Institute, Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Dongfeng Xue
- Multiscale Crystal Materials Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding author
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24
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Grandi M, Gatalo M, Kamšek AR, Kapun G, Mayer K, Ruiz-Zepeda F, Šala M, Marius B, Bele M, Hodnik N, Bodner M, Gaberšček M, Hacker V. Mechanistic Study of Fast Performance Decay of PtCu Alloy-based Catalyst Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells through Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093544. [PMID: 37176426 PMCID: PMC10180127 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past, platinum-copper catalysts have proven to be highly active for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), but transferring the high activities measured in thin-film rotating disk electrodes (TF-RDEs) to high-performing membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) has proven difficult due to stability issues during operation. High initial performance can be achieved. However, fast performance decay on a timescale of 24 h is induced by repeated voltage load steps with H2/air supplied. This performance decay is accelerated if high relative humidity (>60% RH) is set for a prolonged time and low voltages are applied during polarization. The reasons and possible solutions for this issue have been investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and distribution of relaxation time analysis (EIS-DRT). The affected electrochemical sub-processes have been identified by comparing the PtCu electrocatalyst with commercial Pt/C benchmark materials in homemade catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs). The proton transport resistance (Rpt) increased by a factor of ~2 compared to the benchmark materials. These results provide important insight into the challenges encountered with the de-alloyed PtCu/KB electrocatalyst during cell break-in and operation. This provides a basis for improvements in the catalysts' design and break-in procedures for the highly attractive PtCu/KB catalyst system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Grandi
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Matija Gatalo
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Rebeka Kamšek
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Kapun
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kurt Mayer
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Šala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bernhard Marius
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marjan Bele
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Merit Bodner
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Miran Gaberšček
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Viktor Hacker
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria
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25
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Calle-Vallejo F. The ABC of Generalized Coordination Numbers and Their Use as a Descriptor in Electrocatalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2207644. [PMID: 37102632 PMCID: PMC10369287 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The quest for enhanced electrocatalysts can be boosted by descriptor-based analyses. Because adsorption energies are the most common descriptors, electrocatalyst design is largely based on brute-force routines that comb materials databases until an energetic criterion is verified. In this review, it is shown that an alternative is provided by generalized coordination numbers (denoted by CN ¯ $\overline {{\rm{CN}}} $ or GCN), an inexpensive geometric descriptor for strained and unstrained transition metals and some alloys. CN ¯ $\overline {{\rm{CN}}} $ captures trends in adsorption energies on both extended surfaces and nanoparticles and is used to elaborate structure-sensitive electrocatalytic activity plots and selectivity maps. Importantly, CN ¯ $\overline {{\rm{CN}}} $ outlines the geometric configuration of the active sites, thereby enabling an atom-by-atom design, which is not possible using energetic descriptors. Specific examples for various adsorbates (e.g., *OH, *OOH, *CO, and *H), metals (e.g., Pt and Cu), and electrocatalytic reactions (e.g., O2 reduction, H2 evolution, CO oxidation, and reduction) are presented, and comparisons are made against other descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Department of Advanced Materials and Polymers: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018, Av. Tolosa 72, San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza de Euskadi 5, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
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26
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Atlan C, Chatelier C, Martens I, Dupraz M, Viola A, Li N, Gao L, Leake SJ, Schülli TU, Eymery J, Maillard F, Richard MI. Imaging the strain evolution of a platinum nanoparticle under electrochemical control. NATURE MATERIALS 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01528-x. [PMID: 37095227 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface strain is widely employed in gas phase catalysis and electrocatalysis to control the binding energies of adsorbates on active sites. However, in situ or operando strain measurements are experimentally challenging, especially on nanomaterials. Here we exploit coherent diffraction at the new fourth-generation Extremely Brilliant Source of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility to map and quantify strain within individual Pt catalyst nanoparticles under electrochemical control. Three-dimensional nanoresolution strain microscopy, together with density functional theory and atomistic simulations, show evidence of heterogeneous and potential-dependent strain distribution between highly coordinated ({100} and {111} facets) and undercoordinated atoms (edges and corners), as well as evidence of strain propagation from the surface to the bulk of the nanoparticle. These dynamic structural relationships directly inform the design of strain-engineered nanocatalysts for energy storage and conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Atlan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, Grenoble, France.
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France.
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, Grenoble, France.
| | - Corentin Chatelier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, Grenoble, France.
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Maxime Dupraz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Arnaud Viola
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, Grenoble, France
| | - Ni Li
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Lu Gao
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joël Eymery
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, Grenoble, France.
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, Grenoble, France.
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France.
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27
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Li G, Wang C, Chen Y, Liu F, Fan H, Yao B, Hao J, Yu Y, Wen D. Dual Structural Design of Platinum-Nickel Hydrogels for Wearable Glucose Biosensing with Ultrahigh Stability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206868. [PMID: 36710247 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wearable glucose sensors are of great significance and highly required in mobile health monitoring and management but suffering from limited long-term stability and wearable adaptability. Here a simultaneous component and structure engineering strategy is presented, which involves Pt with abundant Ni to achieve three-dimensional, dual-structural Pt-Ni hydrogels with interconnected networks of PtNi nanowires and Ni(OH)2 nanosheets, showing prominent electrocatalytic activity and stability in glucose oxidation under neutral condition. Specifically, the PtNi(1:3) dual hydrogels shows 2.0 and 270.6 times' activity in the glucose electro-oxidation as much as the pure Pt and Ni hydrogels. Thanks to the high activity, structural stability, good flexibility, and self-healing property, the PtNi(1:3) dual gel-based non-enzymatic glucose sensing chip is endowed with high performance. It features a high sensitivity, an excellent selectivity and flexibility, and particularly an outstanding long-term stability over 2 months. Together with a pH sensor and a wireless circuit, an accurate, real-time, and remote monitoring of sweat glucose is achieved. This facile design of novel dual-structural metallic hydrogels sheds light to rationally develop new functional materials for high-performance wearable biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Haoxin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jia Hao
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, NPU, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, NPU, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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28
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Alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction on Ni-based electrocatalysts: From mechanistic study to material development. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Bu L, Liang J, Ning F, Huang J, Huang B, Sun M, Zhan C, Ma Y, Zhou X, Li Q, Huang X. Low-Coordination Trimetallic PtFeCo Nanosaws for Practical Fuel Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208672. [PMID: 36574979 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-performance catalysts for fuel cell catalysis is the most critical and challenging step for the commercialization of fuel cell technology. Here 1D trimetallic platinum-iron-cobalt nanosaws (Pt3 FeCo NSs) with low-coordination features are designed as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for practical fuel cell catalysis. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of Pt3 FeCo NSs (10.62 mA cm-2 and 4.66 A mg-1 Pt at 0.90 V) is more than 25-folds higher than that of the commercial Pt/C, even after 30 000 voltage cycles. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the strong inter-d-orbital electron transfer minimizes the ORR barrier with higher selectivity at robust valence states. The volcano correlation between the intrinsic structure featured with low-coordination Pt-sites and corresponding electronic activities is discovered, which guarantees high ORR activities. The Pt3 FeCo NSs located in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) also achieve very high peak power density (1800.6 mW cm-2 ) and competitive specific/mass activities (1.79 mA cm-2 and 0.79 A mg-1 Pt at 0.90 ViR-free cell voltage) as well as a long-term lifetime in specific H2 O2 medium for proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells, ranking top electrocatalysts reported to date for MEA. This work represents a class of multimetallic Pt-based nanocatalysts for practical fuel cells and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzheng Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Jiashun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fandi Ning
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ju Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- Research Centre for Carbon-Strategic Catalysis, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Mingzi Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Changhong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yanhang Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Zhou
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
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30
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Liu X, Wu J, Luo Z, Liu P, Tian Y, Wang X, Li H. Co 2P-Assisted Atomic Co-N 4 Active Sites with a Tailored Electronic Structure Enabling Efficient ORR/OER for Rechargeable Zn-Air Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9240-9249. [PMID: 36749108 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER, respectively) are vital steps for metal-air batteries, which are plagued by their sluggish kinetics. It is still a challenge to develop highly effective and low-cost non-noble-metal-based electrocatalysts. Herein, a simple and reliable method was reported to synthesize a Co2P-assisted Co single-atom (Co-N4 centers) electrocatalyst (Co2P/Co-NC) via evaporative drying and pyrolysis processes. The Co2P nanoparticles and Co-N4 centers are uniformly distributed on the nitrogen-doped carbon matrix. Notably, Co2P/Co-NC showed excellent activities in both ORR (initial potential, 1.01 V; half-wave potential, 0.88 V) and OER (overpotential, 369 mV at 10 mA cm-2). The above results were comparable to those of commercial catalysts (such as Pt/C and RuO2). Based on the experimental and theoretical analyses, the impressive activity can be ascribed to the tailored electronic structure of Co-N4 centers by the adjacent Co2P, enabling the electron transfer from the Co atom to the neighboring C atoms, leading to a downshift of the d-band center, and improved reaction kinetics were achieved. The assembled Zn-air batteries using Co2P/Co-NC as the air cathode showed a peak power density of 187 mW cm-2 and long-life cycling stability for 140 h at 5 mA cm-2. This work may pave a promising avenue to design hybrid bifunctional electrocatalysts for highly efficient ORR/OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zhuyu Luo
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ping Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yue Tian
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hexing Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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Wang C, Herranz J, Hübner R, Schmidt TJ, Eychmüller A. Element Distributions in Bimetallic Aerogels. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:237-247. [PMID: 36700845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusMetal aerogels assembled from nanoparticles have captured grand attention because they combine the virtues of metals and aerogels and are regarded as ideal materials to address current environmental and energy issues. Among these aerogels, those composed of two metals not only display combinations (superpositions) of the properties of their individual metal components but also feature novel properties distinctly different from those of their monometallic relatives. Therefore, quite some effort has been invested in refining the synthetic methods, compositions, and structures of such bimetallic aerogels as to boost their performance for the envisaged application(s). One such use would be in the field of electrocatalysis, whereby it is also of utmost interest to unravel the element distributions of the (multi)metallic catalysts to achieve a ratio of their bottom-to-up design. Regarding the element distributions in bimetallic aerogels, advanced characterization techniques have identified alloys, core-shells, and structures in which the two metal particles are segregated (i.e., adjacent but without alloy or core-shell structure formation). While an almost infinite number of metal combinations to form bimetallic aerogels can be envisaged, the knowledge of their formation mechanisms and the corresponding element distributions is still in its infancy. The evolution of the observed musters is all but well understood, not to mention the positional changes of the elements observed in operando or in beginning- vs end-of-life comparisons (e.g., in fuel cell applications).With this motivation, in this Account we summarize the endeavors made in element distribution monitoring in bimetallic aerogels in terms of synthetic methods, expected structures, and their evolution during electrocatalysis. After an introductory chapter, we first describe briefly the two most important characterization techniques used for this, namely, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with element mapping (e.g., energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS)) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). We then explain the universal methods used to prepare bimetallic aerogels with different compositions. Those are divided into one-step methods in which gels formed from mixtures of the respective metal salts are coreduced and two-step approaches in which monometallic nanoparticles are mixed and gelated. Subsequently, we summarize the current state-of-knowledge on the element distributions unraveled using diverse characterization methods. This is extended to investigations of the element distributions being altered during electrochemical cycling or other loads. So far, a theoretical understanding of these processes is sparse, not to mention predictions of element distributions. The Account concludes with a series of remarks on current challenges in the field and an outlook on the gains that the field would earn from a solid understanding of the underlying processes and a predictive theoretical backing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juan Herranz
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Liu X, Liu X, Li C, Yang B, Wang L. Defect engineering of electrocatalysts for metal-based battery. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Cho J, Kim H, Oh HS, Choi CH. Elucidation of Electrochemically Induced but Chemically Driven Pt Dissolution. JACS AU 2023; 3:105-112. [PMID: 36711079 PMCID: PMC9875222 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Securing the electrochemical durability of noble metal platinum is of central importance for the successful implementation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Pt dissolution, a major cause of PEMFC degradation, is known to be a potential-dependent transient process, but its underlying mechanism is puzzling. Herein, we elucidate a chemical Pt dissolution process that can occur in various electrocatalytic conditions. This process intensively occurs during potential perturbations with a millisecond timescale, which has yet to be seriously considered. The open circuit potential profiles identify the dominant formation of metastable Pt species at such short timescales and their simultaneous dissolution. Considering on these findings, a proof-of-concept strategy for alleviating chemical Pt dissolution is further studied by tuning electric double layer charging. These results suggest that stable Pt electrocatalysis can be achieved if rational synthetic or systematic strategies are further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsic Cho
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesol Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Suk Oh
- Clean
Energy Research Center, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic
of Korea
| | - Chang Hyuck Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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34
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Advances in Low Pt Loading Membrane Electrode Assembly for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020773. [PMID: 36677836 PMCID: PMC9866934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen has the potential to be one of the solutions that can address environmental pollution and greenhouse emissions from traditional fossil fuels. However, high costs hinder its large-scale commercialization, particularly for enabling devices such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The precious metal Pt is indispensable in boosting the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in cathode electrocatalysts from the most crucial component, i.e., the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). MEAs account for a considerable amount of the entire cost of PEMFCs. To address these bottlenecks, researchers either increase Pt utilization efficiency or produce MEAs with enhanced performance but less Pt. Only a few reviews that explain the approaches are available. This review summarizes advances in designing nanocatalysts and optimizing the catalyst layer structure to achieve low-Pt loading MEAs. Different strategies and their corresponding effectiveness, e.g., performance in half-cells or MEA, are summarized and compared. Finally, future directions are discussed and proposed, aiming at affordable, highly active, and durable PEMFCs.
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Zhang R, Zhao Y, Guo Z, Liu X, Zhu L, Jiang Y. Highly Selective Pd Nanosheet Aerogel Catalyst with Hybrid Strain Induced by Laser Irradiation and P Doping Postprocess. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205587. [PMID: 36437112 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering of electrocatalysts provides an effective strategy to improve the intrinsic catalytic activity. Here, the defect-rich crystalline/amorphous Pd nanosheet aerogel with hybrid microstrain and lattice strain is synthesized by combining laser irradiation and phosphorus doping methods. The surface strain exhibited by the microstrain and lattice strain shifts the d-band center of the electrocatalyst, enhancing the adsorption of intermediates in the ethanol oxidation reaction and thus improving the catalytic performances. The measured mass activity, specific activity and C1-path selectivity of the Pd nanosheet aerogel are 4.48, 3.06, and 5.06 times higher than those of commercial Pd/C, respectively. These findings afford a new strategy for the preparation of highl activity and C1 pathway selective catalysts and provide insight into the catalytic mechanism of strain-rich heterojunction materials based on tunable surface strain values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trans-Scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laser Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Center of Advanced Laser Manufacturing, Beijing, 100124, China
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Trans-Scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laser Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Center of Advanced Laser Manufacturing, Beijing, 100124, China
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Ziang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trans-Scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laser Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Center of Advanced Laser Manufacturing, Beijing, 100124, China
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trans-Scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laser Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Center of Advanced Laser Manufacturing, Beijing, 100124, China
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Liye Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Trans-Scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laser Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Center of Advanced Laser Manufacturing, Beijing, 100124, China
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Trans-Scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laser Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Center of Advanced Laser Manufacturing, Beijing, 100124, China
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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Park J, Kim HK, Park J, Kim B, Baik H, Baik MH, Lee K. Flattening bent Janus nanodiscs expands lattice parameters. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Đukić T, Pavko L, Jovanovič P, Maselj N, Gatalo M, Hodnik N. Stability challenges of carbon-supported Pt-nanoalloys as fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13832-13854. [PMID: 36472187 PMCID: PMC9753161 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05377b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-supported Pt-based nanoalloys (CSPtNs) as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts are considered state-of-the-art electrocatalysts for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Although their ORR activity performance is already adequate to allow lowering of the Pt loading and thus commercialisation of the fuel cell technology, their stability remains an open challenge. In this Feature Article, the recent achievements and acquired knowledge on the degradation behaviour of these electrocatalysts are overviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Đukić
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Pavko
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Jovanovič
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nik Maselj
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Gatalo
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- ReCatalyst d.o.o., Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Abstract
Adsorption energy (AE) of reactive intermediate is currently the most important descriptor for electrochemical reactions (e.g., water electrolysis, hydrogen fuel cell, electrochemical nitrogen fixation, electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction, etc.), which can bridge the gap between catalyst's structure and activity. Tracing the history and evolution of AE can help to understand electrocatalysis and design optimal electrocatalysts. Focusing on oxygen electrocatalysis, this review aims to provide a comprehensive introduction on how AE is selected as the activity descriptor, the intrinsic and empirical relationships related to AE, how AE links the structure and electrocatalytic performance, the approaches to obtain AE, the strategies to improve catalytic activity by modulating AE, the extrinsic influences on AE from the environment, and the methods in circumventing linear scaling relations of AE. An outlook is provided at the end with emphasis on possible future investigation related to the obstacles existing between adsorption energy and electrocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Hong Bin Yang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Daojin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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Chattot R, Roiron C, Kumar K, Martin V, Campos Roldan CA, Mirolo M, Martens I, Castanheira L, Viola A, Bacabe R, Cavaliere S, Blanchard PY, Dubau L, Maillard F, Drnec J. Break-In Bad: On the Conditioning of Fuel Cell Nanoalloy Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Chattot
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095 Cedex 5, France
| | - Camille Roiron
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Kavita Kumar
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Vincent Martin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | | | - Marta Mirolo
- ESRF, the European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, Grenoble 38043 Cedex 9, France
| | - Isaac Martens
- ESRF, the European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, Grenoble 38043 Cedex 9, France
| | - Luis Castanheira
- Symbio, 14 Rue Jean-Pierre Timbaud, Espace des Vouillands 2, Fontaine 38600, France
| | - Arnaud Viola
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Rémi Bacabe
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095 Cedex 5, France
| | - Sara Cavaliere
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095 Cedex 5, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris 75231 Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Laetitia Dubau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF, the European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, Grenoble 38043 Cedex 9, France
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40
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Singha A, Bhaduri K, Kothari AC, Chowdhury B. Selective hydroxylation of benzene to phenol via C H activation over mesoporous Fe2O3-TiO2 using H2O2. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Xu R, Kang L, Papanikolaou KG, Wang B, Marlow S, He Q, Zhang P, Wang J, Brett DJ, Stamatakis M, Ryan Wang F. Improving the ORR Performance by Enhancing the Pt Oxidation Resistance. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Zhang X, Truong-Phuoc L, Asset T, Pronkin S, Pham-Huu C. Are Fe–N–C Electrocatalysts an Alternative to Pt-Based Electrocatalysts for the Next Generation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells? ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex
02, France
| | - Lai Truong-Phuoc
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex
02, France
| | - Tristan Asset
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex
02, France
| | - Sergey Pronkin
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex
02, France
| | - Cuong Pham-Huu
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex
02, France
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43
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Nickel–molybdenum–niobium metallic glass for efficient hydrogen oxidation in hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Mao Z, Tang X, An X, Jiang J. Defective nanomaterials for electrocatalysis oxygen reduction reaction. Front Chem 2022; 10:1023617. [PMID: 36324519 PMCID: PMC9620386 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1023617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The difficulties in O2 molecule adsorption/activation, the cleavage of the O–O bond, and the desorption of the reaction intermediates at the surface of the electrodes make the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for fuel cells show extremely sluggish kinetics. Thus, it is important to the exploitation of highly active and stable electrocatalysts for the ORR to promote the performance and commercialization of fuel cells. Many studies have found that the defects affect the electron and the geometrical structure of the catalyst. The catalytic performance is enhanced by constructing defects to optimize the adsorption energy of substrates or intermediates. Unfortunately, still many issues are poorly recognized, such as the effect of defects (types, contents, and locations) in catalytic performance is unclear, and the catalytic mechanism of defective nanomaterials is lacking. In this review, the defective electrocatalysts divided into noble and non-noble metals for the ORR are highlighted and summarized. With the assistance of experimental results and theoretical calculations, the structure–activity relationships between defect engineering and catalytic performance have been clarified. Finally, after a deeper understanding of defect engineering, a rational design for efficient and robust ORR catalysts for PEMFCs is further guided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxin Mao
- National Hydrogen Power Quality Supervision and Inspection, China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Xianyi Tang
- National Hydrogen Power Quality Supervision and Inspection, China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Xuguang An
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxia Jiang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinxia Jiang,
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45
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Tailoring of electrocatalyst interactions at interfacial level to benchmark the oxygen reduction reaction. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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46
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Feng Q, Wang X, Klingenhof M, Heggen M, Strasser P. Low‐Pt NiNC‐Supported PtNi Nanoalloy Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts—In Situ Tracking of the Atomic Alloying Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203728. [PMID: 35802306 PMCID: PMC9544639 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report and analyze a synthetic strategy toward low‐Pt platinum‐nickel (Pt‐Ni) alloy nanoparticle (NP) cathode catalysts for the catalytic electroreduction of molecular oxygen to water. The synthesis involves the pyrolysis and leaching of Ni‐organic polymers, subsequent Pt NP deposition, followed by thermal alloying, resulting in single Ni atom site (NiNC)‐supported PtNi alloy NPs at low Pt weight loadings of only 3–5 wt %. Despite low Pt weight loading, the catalysts exhibit more favorable Pt‐mass activities compared to conventional 20–30 wt % benchmark PtNi catalysts. Using in situ microscopic techniques, we track and unravel the key stages of the PtNi alloy formation process directly at the atomic scale. Surprisingly, we find that carbon‐encapsulated metallic Ni@C structures, rather than NiNx sites, act as the Ni source during alloy formation. Our materials concepts offer a pathway to further decrease the overall Pt content in hydrogen fuel cell cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanchen Feng
- The Electrochemical Energy Catalysis and Materials Science Laboratory Department of Chemistry Chemical and Materials Engineering Division Technische Universität Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Xingli Wang
- The Electrochemical Energy Catalysis and Materials Science Laboratory Department of Chemistry Chemical and Materials Engineering Division Technische Universität Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Malte Klingenhof
- The Electrochemical Energy Catalysis and Materials Science Laboratory Department of Chemistry Chemical and Materials Engineering Division Technische Universität Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Peter Strasser
- The Electrochemical Energy Catalysis and Materials Science Laboratory Department of Chemistry Chemical and Materials Engineering Division Technische Universität Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany
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47
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An H, Min K, Lee Y, Na R, Shim SE, Baeck SH. Sacrificial template induced Fe-, N-, and S-tridoped hollow carbon sphere as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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48
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Gao S, Zhao H, Gao P, Bi J, Liu D, Zhu D, Wang B, Yang S. Hydrogenated Boride-Assisted Gram-Scale Production of Platinum-Palladium Alloy Nanoparticles on Carbon Black for PEMFC Cathodes: A Study from a Practical Standpoint. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34750-34760. [PMID: 35867894 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-palladium (PtPd) alloy catalysts with high durability are viable substituents to commercial Pt/C for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, a facile approach for gram-scale preparation of PtxPd100-x alloy nanoparticles on carbon black is developed. The optimized Pt54Pd46/B-C catalyst shows a mass activity (MA) of 0.549 A mgPt-1 and a specific activity (SA) of 0.463 mA cm-2 at the rotating disk electrode (RDE) level, which are 3.4 and 1.9 times those of commercial Pt/C, respectively. In H2/O2 and H2/air PEMFCs, the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with Pt54Pd46/B-C achieves peak power densities of 2.33 and 1.04 W cm-2, respectively, and shows negligible performance degradation after 100 h of running in H2/O2 conditions. Moreover, the MA of MEA with Pt54Pd46/B-C in H2/O2 PEMFC reaches 0.978 A mgPt+Pd-1 beyond the 2020 target of the Department of Energy (DOE) of 0.44 A mgPt-1. After 30k cyclic voltammetry cycles in PEMFC, the MA loss and cell voltage loss of MEA with Pt54Pd46/B-C are well within the DOE 2020 target. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the PtPd(111) surface can weaken the adsorption of *OOH and *OH compared to the Pt(111) surface, indicating that Pt54Pd46/B-C is more energetically favorable for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than commercial Pt/C. This study offers a new approach for batch preparation of PtPd alloy-based catalysts for PEMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710100, China
| | - Haidong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Jinglei Bi
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Daolong Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shengchun Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Performance Improvement, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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49
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Gatalo M, Bonastre AM, Moriau L, Burdett H, Ruiz-Zepeda F, Hughes E, Hodgkinson A, Šala M, Pavko L, Bele M, Hodnik N, Sharman J, Gaberšček M. Importance of Chemical Activation and the Effect of Low Operation Voltage on the Performance of Pt-Alloy Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022; 5:8862-8877. [PMID: 35909804 PMCID: PMC9326812 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pt-alloy (Pt-M) nanoparticles (NPs) with less-expensive 3d transition metals (M = Ni, Cu, Co) supported on high-surface-area carbon supports are currently the state-of-the-art (SoA) solution to reach the production phase in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, while Pt-M electrocatalysts show promise in terms of increased activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and, thus, cost reductions from the significantly lower use of expensive and rare Pt, key challenges in terms of synthesis, activation, and stability remain to unlock their true potential. This work systematically tackles them with a combination of electrocatalyst synthesis and characterization methodologies including thin-film rotating disc electrodes (TF-RDEs), an electrochemical flow cell linked to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (EFC-ICP-MS), and testing in 50 cm2 membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). In the first part of the present work, we highlight the crucial importance of the chemical activation (dealloying) step on the performance of Pt-M electrocatalysts in the MEA at high current densities (HCDs). In addition, we provide the scientific community with a preliminary and facile method of distinguishing between a "poorly" and "adequately" dealloyed (activated) Pt-alloy electrocatalyst using a much simpler and affordable TF-RDE methodology using the well-known CO-stripping process. Since the transition-metal cations can also be introduced in a PEMFC due to the degradation of the Pt-M NPs, the second part of the work focuses on presenting clear evidence on the direct impact of the lower voltage limit (LVL) on the stability of Pt-M electrocatalysts. The data suggests that in addition to intrinsic improvements in stability, significant improvements in the PEMFC lifetime can also be obtained via the correct MEA design and applied limits of operation, namely, restricting not just the upper but equally important also the lower operation voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Gatalo
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- ReCatalyst
d.o.o., Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Léonard
Jean Moriau
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Harriet Burdett
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blount’s Court, Sonning
Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Edwin Hughes
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blount’s Court, Sonning
Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Adam Hodgkinson
- Johnson
Matthey Fuel Cells, Lydiard
Fields, Great Western Way, Swindon SN5 8AT, U.K.
| | - Martin Šala
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Pavko
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Bele
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University
of Nova Gorica, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Jonathan Sharman
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blount’s Court, Sonning
Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Miran Gaberšček
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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50
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Jurkiewicz K, Kamiński M, Bródka A, Burian A. Atomistic origin of nano-silver paracrystalline structure: molecular dynamics and x-ray diffraction studies. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:375401. [PMID: 35772380 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7d84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Classical molecular dynamics (MD) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used to establish the origin of the paracrystalline structure of silver nanoparticles at the atomic scale. Models based on the face-centred cubic structure have been computer generated and their atomic arrangements have been optimized by the MD with the embedded-atom model (EAM) potential and its modified version (MEAM). The simulation results are compared with the experimental XRD data in reciprocal and real spaces, i.e. the structure factor and the pair distribution function. The applied approach returns the structural models, defined by the Cartesian coordinates of the constituent atoms. It has been found that most of the structural features of Ag nanoparticles are better reproduced by the MEAM. The presence of vacancy defects in the structure of the Ag nanoparticles has been considered and the average concentration of vacancies is estimated to be 3 at.%. The average nearest-neighbour Ag-Ag distances and the coordination numbers are determined and compared with the values predicted for the bulk Ag, demonstrating a different degree of structural disorder on the surface and in the core, compared to the bulk crystalline counterpart. It has been shown that the paracrystalline structure of the Ag nanoparticles has origin in the surface disorder and the disorder generated by the presence of the vacancy defects. Both sources lead to network distortion that propagates proportionally to the square root of the interatomic distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jurkiewicz
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Michał Kamiński
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Photon Science, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aleksander Bródka
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Burian
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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