1
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Kono Y, Shimi T. Crosstalk between mitotic reassembly and repair of the nuclear envelope. Nucleus 2024; 15:2352203. [PMID: 38780365 PMCID: PMC11123513 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2352203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the nuclear envelope (NE) is a membrane partition between the nucleus and the cytoplasm to compartmentalize nuclear contents. It plays an important role in facilitating nuclear functions including transcription, DNA replication and repair. In mammalian cells, the NE breaks down and then reforms during cell division, and in interphase it is restored shortly after the NE rupture induced by mechanical force. In this way, the partitioning effect is regulated through dynamic processes throughout the cell cycle. A failure in rebuilding the NE structure triggers the mixing of nuclear and cytoplasmic contents, leading to catastrophic consequences for the nuclear functions. Whereas the precise details of molecular mechanisms for NE reformation during cell division and NE restoration in interphase are still being investigated, here, we mostly focus on mammalian cells to describe key aspects that have been identified and to discuss the crosstalk between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kono
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimi
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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2
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Lima JT, Ferreira JG. Mechanobiology of the nucleus during the G2-M transition. Nucleus 2024; 15:2330947. [PMID: 38533923 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2330947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular behavior is continuously influenced by mechanical forces. These forces span the cytoskeleton and reach the nucleus, where they trigger mechanotransduction pathways that regulate downstream biochemical events. Therefore, the nucleus has emerged as a regulator of cellular response to mechanical stimuli. Cell cycle progression is regulated by cyclin-CDK complexes. Recent studies demonstrated these biochemical pathways are influenced by mechanical signals, highlighting the interdependence of cellular mechanics and cell cycle regulation. In particular, the transition from G2 to mitosis (G2-M) shows significant changes in nuclear structure and organization, ranging from nuclear pore complex (NPC) and nuclear lamina disassembly to chromosome condensation. The remodeling of these mechanically active nuclear components indicates that mitotic entry is particularly sensitive to forces. Here, we address how mechanical forces crosstalk with the nucleus to determine the timing and efficiency of the G2-M transition. Finally, we discuss how the deregulation of nuclear mechanics has consequences for mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Lima
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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3
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Pan SW, Wang HD, Hsiao HY, Hsu PJ, Tseng YC, Liang WC, Jong YJ, Yuh CH. Creatine and L-carnitine attenuate muscular laminopathy in the LMNA mutation transgenic zebrafish. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12826. [PMID: 38834813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutations contribute to severe striated muscle laminopathies, affecting cardiac and skeletal muscles, with limited treatment options. In this study, we delve into the investigations of five distinct LMNA mutations, including three novel variants and two pathogenic variants identified in patients with muscular laminopathy. Our approach employs zebrafish models to comprehensively study these variants. Transgenic zebrafish expressing wild-type LMNA and each mutation undergo extensive morphological profiling, swimming behavior assessments, muscle endurance evaluations, heartbeat measurement, and histopathological analysis of skeletal muscles. Additionally, these models serve as platform for focused drug screening. We explore the transcriptomic landscape through qPCR and RNAseq to unveil altered gene expression profiles in muscle tissues. Larvae of LMNA(L35P), LMNA(E358K), and LMNA(R453W) transgenic fish exhibit reduced swim speed compared to LMNA(WT) measured by DanioVision. All LMNA transgenic adult fish exhibit reduced swim speed compared to LMNA(WT) in T-maze. Moreover, all LMNA transgenic adult fish, except LMNA(E358K), display weaker muscle endurance than LMNA(WT) measured by swimming tunnel. Histochemical staining reveals decreased fiber size in all LMNA mutations transgenic fish, excluding LMNA(WT) fish. Interestingly, LMNA(A539V) and LMNA(E358K) exhibited elevated heartbeats. We recognize potential limitations with transgene overexpression and conducted association calculations to explore its effects on zebrafish phenotypes. Our results suggest lamin A/C overexpression may not directly impact mutant phenotypes, such as impaired swim speed, increased heart rates, or decreased muscle fiber diameter. Utilizing LMNA zebrafish models for drug screening, we identify L-carnitine treatment rescuing muscle endurance in LMNA(L35P) and creatine treatment reversing muscle endurance in LMNA(R453W) zebrafish models. Creatine activates AMPK and mTOR pathways, improving muscle endurance and swim speed in LMNA(R453W) fish. Transcriptomic profiling reveals upstream regulators and affected genes contributing to motor dysfunction, cardiac anomalies, and ion flux dysregulation in LMNA mutant transgenic fish. These findings faithfully mimic clinical manifestations of muscular laminopathies, including dysmorphism, early mortality, decreased fiber size, and muscle dysfunction in zebrafish. Furthermore, our drug screening results suggest L-carnitine and creatine treatments as potential rescuers of muscle endurance in LMNA(L35P) and LMNA(R453W) zebrafish models. Our study offers valuable insights into the future development of potential treatments for LMNA-related muscular laminopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wei Pan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Dar Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - He-Yun Hsiao
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jui Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Tseng
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organism Biology, Academia Sinica, I-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Translational Research Center of Neuromuscular Diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Translational Research Center of Neuromuscular Diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chiou-Hwa Yuh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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4
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Eskndir N, Hossain M, Currey ML, Pho M, Berrada Y, Stephens AD. DNA damage causes ATM-dependent heterochromatin loss leading to nuclear softening, blebbing, and rupture. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595790. [PMID: 38853925 PMCID: PMC11160674 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The nucleus must maintain stiffness to protect the shape and integrity of the nucleus to ensure proper function. Defects in nuclear stiffness caused from chromatin and lamin perturbations produce abnormal nuclear shapes common in aging, heart disease, and cancer. Loss of nuclear shape via protrusions called blebs leads to nuclear rupture that is well-established to cause nuclear dysfunction, including DNA damage. However, it remains unknown how increased DNA damage affects nuclear stiffness, shape, and ruptures, which could create a negative feedback loop. To determine if increased DNA damage alters nuclear physical properties, we treated MEF cells with DNA damage drugs cisplatin and bleomycin. DNA damage drugs caused increased nuclear blebbing and rupture in interphase nuclei within a few hours and independent of mitosis. Micromanipulation force measurements reveal that DNA damage decreased chromatin-based nuclear mechanics but did not change lamin-based strain stiffening at long extensions relative to wild type. Immunofluorescence measurements of DNA damage treatments reveal the mechanism is an ATM-dependent decrease in heterochromatin leading to nuclear weaken, blebbing, and rupture which can be rescued upon ATM inhibition treatment. Thus, DNA damage drugs cause ATM-dependent heterochromatin loss resulting in nuclear softening, blebbing, and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebiyat Eskndir
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Manseeb Hossain
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Marilena L Currey
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Mai Pho
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Yasmin Berrada
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Andrew D Stephens
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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5
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En A, Bogireddi H, Thomas B, Stutzman AV, Ikegami S, LaForest B, Almakki O, Pytel P, Moskowitz IP, Ikegami K. Pervasive nuclear envelope ruptures precede ECM signaling and disease onset without activating cGAS-STING in Lamin-cardiomyopathy mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114284. [PMID: 38814785 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear envelope (NE) ruptures are emerging observations in Lamin-related dilated cardiomyopathy, an adult-onset disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in Lamin A/C, a nuclear lamina component. Here, we test a prevailing hypothesis that NE ruptures trigger the pathological cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway using a mouse model of Lamin cardiomyopathy. The reduction of Lamin A/C in cardio-myocyte of adult mice causes pervasive NE ruptures in cardiomyocytes, preceding inflammatory transcription, fibrosis, and fatal dilated cardiomyopathy. NE ruptures are followed by DNA damage accumulation without causing immediate cardiomyocyte death. However, cGAS-STING-dependent inflammatory signaling remains inactive. Deleting cGas or Sting does not rescue cardiomyopathy in the mouse model. The lack of cGAS-STING activation is likely due to the near absence of cGAS expression in adult cardiomyocytes at baseline. Instead, extracellular matrix (ECM) signaling is activated and predicted to initiate pro-inflammatory communication from Lamin-reduced cardiomyocytes to fibroblasts. Our work nominates ECM signaling, not cGAS-STING, as a potential inflammatory contributor in Lamin cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki En
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Hanumakumar Bogireddi
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Briana Thomas
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alexis V Stutzman
- Department of Pediatrics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sachie Ikegami
- Department of Pediatrics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Brigitte LaForest
- Department of Pediatrics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Omar Almakki
- Department of Pediatrics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Peter Pytel
- Department of Pathology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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6
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Kirby TJ, Zahr HC, Fong EHH, Lammerding J. Eliminating elevated p53 signaling fails to rescue skeletal muscle defects or extend survival in lamin A/C-deficient mice. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:245. [PMID: 38778055 PMCID: PMC11111808 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lamins A and C, encoded by the LMNA gene, are nuclear intermediate filaments that provide structural support to the nucleus and contribute to chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation. LMNA mutations cause muscular dystrophies, dilated cardiomyopathy, and other diseases. The mechanisms by which many LMNA mutations result in muscle-specific diseases have remained elusive, presenting a major hurdle in the development of effective treatments. Previous studies using striated muscle laminopathy mouse models found that cytoskeletal forces acting on mechanically fragile Lmna-mutant nuclei led to transient nuclear envelope rupture, extensive DNA damage, and activation of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways in skeletal muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, hearts of Lmna mutant mice have elevated activation of the tumor suppressor protein p53, a central regulator of DDR signaling. We hypothesized that elevated p53 activation could present a pathogenic mechanism in striated muscle laminopathies, and that eliminating p53 activation could improve muscle function and survival in laminopathy mouse models. Supporting a pathogenic function of p53 activation in muscle, stabilization of p53 was sufficient to reduce contractility and viability in wild-type muscle cells in vitro. Using three laminopathy models, we found that increased p53 activity in Lmna-mutant muscle cells primarily resulted from mechanically induced damage to the myonuclei, and not from altered transcriptional regulation due to loss of lamin A/C expression. However, global deletion of p53 in a severe muscle laminopathy model did not reduce the disease phenotype or increase survival, indicating that additional drivers of disease must contribute to the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Kirby
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Hind C Zahr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ern Hwei Hannah Fong
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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7
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Sikder K, Phillips E, Zhong Z, Wang N, Saunders J, Mothy D, Kossenkov A, Schneider T, Nichtova Z, Csordas G, Margulies KB, Choi JC. Perinuclear damage from nuclear envelope deterioration elicits stress responses that contribute to LMNA cardiomyopathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh0798. [PMID: 38718107 PMCID: PMC11078192 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene encoding lamins A/C cause an array of tissue-selective diseases, with the heart being the most commonly affected organ. Despite progress in understanding the perturbations emanating from LMNA mutations, an integrative understanding of the pathogenesis underlying cardiac dysfunction remains elusive. Using a novel conditional deletion model capable of translatome profiling, we observed that cardiomyocyte-specific Lmna deletion in adult mice led to rapid cardiomyopathy with pathological remodeling. Before cardiac dysfunction, Lmna-deleted cardiomyocytes displayed nuclear abnormalities, Golgi dilation/fragmentation, and CREB3-mediated stress activation. Translatome profiling identified MED25 activation, a transcriptional cofactor that regulates Golgi stress. Autophagy is disrupted in the hearts of these mice, which can be recapitulated by disrupting the Golgi. Systemic administration of modulators of autophagy or ER stress significantly delayed cardiac dysfunction and prolonged survival. These studies support a hypothesis wherein stress responses emanating from the perinuclear space contribute to the LMNA cardiomyopathy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Sikder
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Zhijiu Zhong
- Translational Research and Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nadan Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Jasmine Saunders
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - David Mothy
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- Bioinformatics Facility, The Wistar Institute Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy Schneider
- Mitocare, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zuzana Nichtova
- Mitocare, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gyorgy Csordas
- Mitocare, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason C. Choi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
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8
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Anderson CL, Brown KA, North RJ, Walters JK, Kaska ST, Wolff MR, Kamp TJ, Ge Y, Eckhardt LL. Global Proteomic Analysis Reveals Alterations in Differentially Expressed Proteins between Cardiopathic Lamin A/C Mutations. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38718259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Lamin A/C (LMNA) is an important component of nuclear lamina. Mutations cause arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. While LMNA-associated cardiomyopathy typically has an aggressive course that responds poorly to conventional heart failure therapies, there is variability in severity and age of penetrance between and even within specific mutations, which is poorly understood at the cellular level. Further, this heterogeneity has not previously been captured to mimic the heterozygous state, nor have the hundreds of clinical LMNA mutations been represented. Herein, we have overexpressed cardiopathic LMNA variants in HEK cells and utilized state-of-the-art quantitative proteomics to compare the global proteomic profiles of (1) aggregating Q353 K alone, (2) Q353 K coexpressed with WT, (3) aggregating N195 K coexpressed with WT, and (4) nonaggregating E317 K coexpressed with WT to help capture some of the heterogeneity between mutations. We analyzed each data set to obtain the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and applied gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses. We found a range of 162 to 324 DEPs from over 6000 total protein IDs with differences in GO terms, KEGG pathways, and DEPs important in cardiac function, further highlighting the complexity of cardiac laminopathies. Pathways disrupted by LMNA mutations were validated with redox, autophagy, and apoptosis functional assays in both HEK 293 cells and in induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) for LMNA N195 K. These proteomic profiles expand our repertoire for mutation-specific downstream cellular effects that may become useful as druggable targets for personalized medicine approach for cardiac laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey L Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Kyle A Brown
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Ryan J North
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Janay K Walters
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Sara T Kaska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Mathew R Wolff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Lee L Eckhardt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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9
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Storey EC, Holt I, Brown S, Synowsky S, Shirran S, Fuller HR. Proteomic characterization of human LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy muscle cells. Neuromuscul Disord 2024; 38:26-41. [PMID: 38554696 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD) is caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding lamin A/C. To further understand the molecular mechanisms of L-CMD, proteomic profiling using DIA mass spectrometry was conducted on immortalized myoblasts and myotubes from controls and L-CMD donors each harbouring a different LMNA mutation (R249W, del.32 K and L380S). Compared to controls, 124 and 228 differentially abundant proteins were detected in L-CMD myoblasts and myotubes, respectively, and were associated with enriched canonical pathways including synaptogenesis and necroptosis in myoblasts, and Huntington's disease and insulin secretion in myotubes. Abnormal nuclear morphology and reduced lamin A/C and emerin abundance was evident in all L-CMD cell lines compared to controls, while nucleoplasmic aggregation of lamin A/C was restricted to del.32 K cells, and mislocalization of emerin was restricted to R249W cells. Abnormal nuclear morphology indicates loss of nuclear lamina integrity as a common feature of L-CMD, likely rendering muscle cells vulnerable to mechanically induced stress, while differences between L-CMD cell lines in emerin and lamin A localization suggests that some molecular alterations in L-CMD are mutation specific. Nonetheless, identifying common proteomic alterations and molecular pathways across all three L-CMD lines has highlighted potential targets for the development of non-mutation specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Storey
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK; The School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Ian Holt
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK; The School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Sharon Brown
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK; The School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Silvia Synowsky
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Sally Shirran
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Heidi R Fuller
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK; The School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, ST5 5BG, UK.
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10
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Bermudez A, Latham ZD, Ma AJ, Bi D, Hu JK, Lin NYC. Regulation of Chromatin Modifications through Coordination of Nucleus Size and Epithelial Cell Morphology Heterogeneity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.18.590164. [PMID: 38712099 PMCID: PMC11071433 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.590164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Cell morphology heterogeneity within epithelial collectives is a pervasive phenomenon intertwined with tissue mechanical properties. Despite its widespread occurrence, the underlying mechanisms driving cell morphology heterogeneity and its consequential biological ramifications remain elusive. Here, we investigate the dynamic evolution of epithelial cell morphology and nucleus morphology during crowding, unveiling a consistent correlation between the two. Our investigation reveals a persistent log-normal probability distribution characterizing both cell and nucleus areas across diverse crowding stages and epithelial model systems. We showed that this morphological diversity arises from asymmetric partitioning during cell division and is perpetuated through actomyosin-mediated regulation of cell-nucleus size coordination. Moreover, we provide insights into the impact of nucleus morphology on chromatin dynamics, demonstrating that constraining nucleus area leads to downregulation of the euchromatic mark H3K9ac and upregulation of the heterochromatic mark H3K27me3 through modulation of histone demethylase UTX expression. These findings under-score the significance of cell morphology heterogeneity as a driver of chromatin state diversity, shaping functional variability within epithelial tissues.
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11
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En A, Bogireddi H, Thomas B, Stutzman A, Ikegami S, LaForest B, Almakki O, Pytel P, Moskowitz IP, Ikegami K. Pervasive nuclear envelope ruptures precede ECM signaling and disease onset without activating cGAS-STING in Lamin-cardiomyopathy mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.28.555134. [PMID: 37693381 PMCID: PMC10491116 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear envelope (NE) ruptures are emerging observations in Lamin-related dilated cardiomyopathy, an adult-onset disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in Lamin A/C, a nuclear lamina component. Here, we tested a prevailing hypothesis that NE ruptures trigger pathological cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, using a mouse model of Lamin-cardiomyopathy. Reduction of Lamin A/C in cardiomyocytes of adult mice caused pervasive NE ruptures in cardiomyocytes, preceding inflammatory transcription, fibrosis, and fatal dilated cardiomyopathy. NE ruptures were followed by DNA damage accumulation without causing immediate cardiomyocyte death. However, cGAS-STING-dependent inflammatory signaling remained inactive. Deleting cGas or Sting did not rescue cardiomyopathy. The lack of cGAS-STING activation was likely due to the near absence of cGAS expression in adult cardiomyocytes at baseline. Instead, extracellular matrix (ECM) signaling was activated and predicted to initiate pro-inflammatory communication from Lamin-reduced cardiomyocytes to fibroblasts. Our work nominates ECM signaling, not cGAS-STING, as a potential inflammatory contributor in Lamin-cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki En
- Division of Molecular Cardvascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hanumakumar Bogireddi
- Division of Molecular Cardvascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Briana Thomas
- Division of Molecular Cardvascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alexis Stutzman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sachie Ikegami
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brigitte LaForest
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Omar Almakki
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Pytel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Division of Molecular Cardvascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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12
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Fu X, Taghizadeh A, Taghizadeh M, Li CJ, Lim NK, Lee J, Kim HS, Kim H. Targeting Nuclear Mechanics Mitigates the Fibroblast Invasiveness in Pathological Dermal Scars Induced by Matrix Stiffening. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308253. [PMID: 38353381 PMCID: PMC11022731 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Pathological dermal scars such as keloids present significant clinical challenges lacking effective treatment options. Given the distinctive feature of highly stiffened scar tissues, deciphering how matrix mechanics regulate pathological progression can inform new therapeutic strategies. Here, it is shown that pathological dermal scar keloid fibroblasts display unique metamorphoses to stiffened matrix. Compared to normal fibroblasts, keloid fibroblasts show high sensitivity to stiffness rather than biochemical stimulation, activating cytoskeletal-to-nuclear mechanosensing molecules. Notably, keloid fibroblasts on stiff matrices exhibit nuclear softening, concomitant with reduced lamin A/C expression, and disrupted anchoring of lamina-associated chromatin. This nuclear softening, combined with weak adhesion and high contractility, facilitates the invasive migration of keloid fibroblasts through confining matrices. Inhibiting lamin A/C-driven nuclear softening, via lamin A/C overexpression or actin disruption, mitigates such invasiveness of keloid fibroblasts. These findings highlight the significance of the nuclear mechanics of keloid fibroblasts in scar pathogenesis and propose lamin A/C as a potential therapeutic target for managing pathological scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangting Fu
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)Dankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Global Research Center for Regeneration MedicineDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Taghizadeh
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)Dankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Global Research Center for Regeneration MedicineDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)Dankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Global Research Center for Regeneration MedicineDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Ji Li
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)Dankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Global Research Center for Regeneration MedicineDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Lim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDankook University Hospital (DKUH)Cheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Dankook Physician Scientist Research CenterDankook University Hospital (DKUH)Cheonan31116Republic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)Dankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Global Research Center for Regeneration MedicineDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of DentistryDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter InstituteDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research CenterDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sung Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)Dankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Global Research Center for Regeneration MedicineDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research CenterDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
| | - Hae‐Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)Dankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Global Research Center for Regeneration MedicineDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of DentistryDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter InstituteDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research CenterDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
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13
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of Nuclear Envelope Proteins in Neurologic Disorders? Neurology 2024; 102:e209202. [PMID: 38330281 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
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14
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Gunn AL, Yashchenko AI, Dubrulle J, Johnson J, Hatch EM. A high-content screen reveals new regulators of nuclear membrane stability. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6013. [PMID: 38472343 PMCID: PMC10933478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear membrane rupture is a physiological response to multiple in vivo processes, such as cell migration, that can cause extensive genome instability and upregulate invasive and inflammatory pathways. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of rupture are unclear and few regulators have been identified. In this study, we developed a reporter that is size excluded from re-compartmentalization following nuclear rupture events. This allows for robust detection of factors influencing nuclear integrity in fixed cells. We combined this with an automated image analysis pipeline in a high-content siRNA screen to identify new proteins that both increase and decrease nuclear rupture frequency in cancer cells. Pathway analysis identified an enrichment of nuclear membrane and ER factors in our hits and we demonstrate that one of these, the protein phosphatase CTDNEP1, is required for nuclear stability. Analysis of known rupture determinants, including an automated quantitative analysis of nuclear lamina gaps, are consistent with CTDNEP1 acting independently of actin and nuclear lamina organization. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of nuclear rupture and define a highly adaptable program for rupture analysis that removes a substantial barrier to new discoveries in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Gunn
- Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Artem I Yashchenko
- Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julien Dubrulle
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jodiene Johnson
- Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily M Hatch
- Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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15
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Cook M, Stevenson B, Jacobs LA, Leocadio Victoria D, Cisneros B, Hobbs JK, Stewart CL, Winder SJ. The Role of β-Dystroglycan in Nuclear Dynamics. Cells 2024; 13:431. [PMID: 38474395 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan is a ubiquitously expressed heterodimeric cell-surface laminin receptor with roles in cell adhesion, signalling, and membrane stabilisation. More recently, the transmembrane β-subunit of dystroglycan has been shown to localise to both the nuclear envelope and the nucleoplasm. This has led to the hypothesis that dystroglycan may have a structural role at the nuclear envelope analogous to its role at the plasma membrane. The biochemical fraction of myoblast cells clearly supports the presence of dystroglycan in the nucleus. Deletion of the dystroglycan protein by disruption of the DAG1 locus using CRISPR/Cas9 leads to changes in nuclear size but not overall morphology; moreover, the Young's modulus of dystroglycan-deleted nuclei, as determined by atomic force microscopy, is unaltered. Dystroglycan-disrupted myoblasts are also no more susceptible to nuclear stresses including chemical and mechanical, than normal myoblasts. Re-expression of dystroglycan in DAG1-disrupted myoblasts restores nuclear size without affecting other nuclear parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cook
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- A*STAR Skin Research Laboratories, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ben Stevenson
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Laura A Jacobs
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Jamie K Hobbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Colin L Stewart
- A*STAR Skin Research Laboratories, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Steve J Winder
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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16
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Yamamoto-Hino M, Ariura M, Tanaka M, Iwasaki YW, Kawaguchi K, Shimamoto Y, Goto S. PIGB maintains nuclear lamina organization in skeletal muscle of Drosophila. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202301062. [PMID: 38261271 PMCID: PMC10808031 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202301062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina (NL) plays various roles and participates in nuclear integrity, chromatin organization, and transcriptional regulation. Lamin proteins, the main components of the NL, form a homogeneous meshwork structure under the nuclear envelope. Lamins are essential, but it is unknown whether their homogeneous distribution is important for nuclear function. Here, we found that PIGB, an enzyme involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) synthesis, is responsible for the homogeneous lamin meshwork in Drosophila. Loss of PIGB resulted in heterogeneous distributions of B-type lamin and lamin-binding proteins in larval muscles. These phenotypes were rescued by expression of PIGB lacking GPI synthesis activity. The PIGB mutant exhibited changes in lamina-associated domains that are large heterochromatic genomic regions in the NL, reduction of nuclear stiffness, and deformation of muscle fibers. These results suggest that PIGB maintains the homogeneous meshwork of the NL, which may be essential for chromatin distribution and nuclear mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Yamamoto-Hino
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Ariura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Tanaka
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Yuka W. Iwasaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Functional Non-Coding Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawaguchi
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Shimamoto
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Goto
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Odell J, Gräf R, Lammerding J. Heterologous expression of Dictyostelium discoideum NE81 in mouse embryo fibroblasts reveals conserved mechanoprotective roles of lamins. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar7. [PMID: 37910203 PMCID: PMC10881167 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-05-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that are ubiquitously found in metazoan cells, where they contribute to nuclear morphology, stability, and gene expression. Lamin-like sequences have recently been identified in distantly related eukaryotes, but it remains unclear whether these proteins share conserved functions with the lamins found in metazoans. Here, we investigate conserved features between metazoan and amoebozoan lamins using a genetic complementation system to express the Dictyostelium discoideum lamin-like protein NE81 in mammalian cells lacking either specific lamins or all endogenous lamins. We report that NE81 localizes to the nucleus in cells lacking Lamin A/C, and that NE81 expression improves nuclear circularity, reduces nuclear deformability, and prevents nuclear envelope rupture in these cells. However, NE81 did not completely rescue loss of Lamin A/C, and was unable to restore normal distribution of metazoan lamin interactors, such as emerin and nuclear pore complexes, which are frequently displaced in Lamin A/C deficient cells. Collectively, our results indicate that the ability of lamins to modulate the morphology and mechanical properties of nuclei may have been a feature present in the common ancestor of Dictyostelium and animals, whereas other, more specialized interactions may have evolved more recently in metazoan lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Odell
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ralph Gräf
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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18
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Kim JR, Kim PH, Presnell A, Tu Y, Young SG. Revisiting the truncated lamin A produced by a commonly used strain of Lmna knockout mice. Nucleus 2023; 14:2262308. [PMID: 37754663 PMCID: PMC10538457 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2023.2262308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lmna knockout mouse (Lmna-/-) created by Sullivan and coworkers in 1999 has been widely used to examine lamin A/C function. The knockout allele contains a deletion of Lmna intron 7-exon 11 sequences and was reported to be a null allele. Later, Jahn and coworkers discovered that the mutant allele produces a 54-kDa truncated lamin A and identified, by RT-PCR, a Lmna cDNA containing exon 1-7 + exon 12 sequences. Because exon 12 encodes prelamin A's CaaX motif, the mutant lamin A is assumed to be farnesylated. In the current study, we found that the truncated lamin A in Lmna-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) was predominantly nucleoplasmic rather than at the nuclear rim, leading us to hypothesize that it was not farnesylated. Our study revealed that the most abundant Lmna transcripts in Lmna-/- MEFs contain exon 1-7 but not exon 12 sequences. Exon 1-7 + exon 12 transcripts were detectable by PCR but in trace amounts. We suspect that these findings explain the nucleoplasmic distribution of the truncated lamin A in Lmna-/- MEFs, and subsequent cell transduction experiments support this suspicion. A truncated lamin A containing exon 1-7 sequence was nucleoplasmic, whereas a lamin A containing exon 1-7 + exon 12 sequences was located along the nuclear rim. Our study explains the nucleoplasmic targeting of truncated lamin A in Lmna-/- MEFs and adds to our understanding of a commonly used strain of Lmna-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyoung R. Kim
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul H. Kim
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Presnell
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yiping Tu
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen G. Young
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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West G, Sedighi S, Agnetti G, Taimen P. Intermediate filaments in the heart: The dynamic duo of desmin and lamins orchestrates mechanical force transmission. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102280. [PMID: 37972529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeleton supports cellular structural integrity, particularly in response to mechanical stress. The most abundant IF proteins in mature cardiomyocytes are desmin and lamins. The desmin network tethers the contractile apparatus and organelles to the nuclear envelope and the sarcolemma, while lamins, as components of the nuclear lamina, provide structural stability to the nucleus and the genome. Mutations in desmin or A-type lamins typically result in cardiomyopathies and recent studies emphasized the synergistic roles of desmin and lamins in the maintenance of nuclear integrity in cardiac myocytes. Here we explore the emerging roles of the interdependent relationship between desmin and lamins in providing resilience to nuclear structure while transducing extracellular mechanical cues into the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun West
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sogol Sedighi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Giulio Agnetti
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA; DIBINEM - University of Bologna, 40123, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pekka Taimen
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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20
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Odell J, Gräf R, Lammerding J. Heterologous expression of Dictyostelium discoideum NE81 in mouse embryo fibroblasts reveals conserved mechanoprotective roles of lamins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.31.543154. [PMID: 37398420 PMCID: PMC10312578 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.543154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that are ubiquitously found in metazoan cells, where they contribute to nuclear morphology, stability, and gene expression. Lamin-like sequences have recently been identified in distantly related eukaryotes, but it remains unclear if these proteins share conserved functions with the lamins found in metazoans. Here, we investigate conserved features between metazoan and amoebozoan lamins using a genetic complementation system to express the Dictyostelium discoideum lamin-like protein NE81 in mammalian cells lacking either specific lamins or all endogenous lamins. We report that NE81 localizes to the nucleus in cells lacking Lamin A/C, and that NE81 expression improves nuclear circularity, reduces nuclear deformability, and prevents nuclear envelope rupture in these cells. However, NE81 did not completely rescue loss of Lamin A/C, and was unable to restore normal distribution of metazoan lamin interactors, such as emerin and nuclear pore complexes, which are frequently displaced in Lamin A/C deficient cells. Collectively, our results indicate that the ability of lamins to modulate the morphology and mechanical properties of nuclei may have been a feature present in the common ancestor of Dictyostelium and animals, whereas other, more specialized interactions may have evolved more recently in metazoan lineages.
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21
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Tan CY, Chan PS, Tan H, Tan SW, Lee CJM, Wang JW, Ye S, Werner H, Loh YJ, Lee YL, Ackers-Johnson M, Foo RSY, Jiang J. Systematic in vivo candidate evaluation uncovers therapeutic targets for LMNA dilated cardiomyopathy and risk of Lamin A toxicity. J Transl Med 2023; 21:690. [PMID: 37840136 PMCID: PMC10577912 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe, non-ischemic heart disease which ultimately results in heart failure (HF). Decades of research on DCM have revealed diverse aetiologies. Among them, familial DCM is the major form of DCM, with pathogenic variants in LMNA being the second most common form of autosomal dominant DCM. LMNA DCM is a multifactorial and complex disease with no specific treatment thus far. Many studies have demonstrated that perturbing candidates related to various dysregulated pathways ameliorate LMNA DCM. However, it is unknown whether these candidates could serve as potential therapeutic targets especially in long term efficacy. METHODS We evaluated 14 potential candidates including Lmna gene products (Lamin A and Lamin C), key signaling pathways (Tgfβ/Smad, mTor and Fgf/Mapk), calcium handling, proliferation regulators and modifiers of LINC complex function in a cardiac specific Lmna DCM model. Positive candidates for improved cardiac function were further assessed by survival analysis. Suppressive roles and mechanisms of these candidates in ameliorating Lmna DCM were dissected by comparing marker gene expression, Tgfβ signaling pathway activation, fibrosis, inflammation, proliferation and DNA damage. Furthermore, transcriptome profiling compared the differences between Lamin A and Lamin C treatment. RESULTS Cardiac function was restored by several positive candidates (Smad3, Yy1, Bmp7, Ctgf, aYAP1, Sun1, Lamin A, and Lamin C), which significantly correlated with suppression of HF/fibrosis marker expression and cardiac fibrosis in Lmna DCM. Lamin C or Sun1 shRNA administration achieved consistent, prolonged survival which highly correlated with reduced heart inflammation and DNA damage. Importantly, Lamin A treatment improved but could not reproduce long term survival, and Lamin A administration to healthy hearts itself induced DCM. Mechanistically, we identified this lapse as caused by a dose-dependent toxicity of Lamin A, which was independent from its maturation. CONCLUSIONS In vivo candidate evaluation revealed that supplementation of Lamin C or knockdown of Sun1 significantly suppressed Lmna DCM and achieve prolonged survival. Conversely, Lamin A supplementation did not rescue long term survival and may impart detrimental cardiotoxicity risk. This study highlights a potential of advancing Lamin C and Sun1 as therapeutic targets for the treatment of LMNA DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Yee Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Pui Shi Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Hansen Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Sung Wei Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Chang Jie Mick Lee
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Centre for NanoMedicine, Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Shu Ye
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Hendrikje Werner
- Nuevocor Pte Ltd, 1 Biopolis Drive, Amnios, #05-01, Singapore, 138622, Singapore
| | - Ying Jie Loh
- Nuevocor Pte Ltd, 1 Biopolis Drive, Amnios, #05-01, Singapore, 138622, Singapore
| | - Yin Loon Lee
- Nuevocor Pte Ltd, 1 Biopolis Drive, Amnios, #05-01, Singapore, 138622, Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #06-06, Singapore, 138665, Singapore
| | - Matthew Ackers-Johnson
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jianming Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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22
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Berg IK, Currey ML, Gupta S, Berrada Y, Nguyen BV, Pho M, Patteson AE, Schwarz JM, Banigan EJ, Stephens AD. Transcription inhibition suppresses nuclear blebbing and rupture independently of nuclear rigidity. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261547. [PMID: 37756607 PMCID: PMC10660790 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin plays an essential role in the nuclear mechanical response and determining nuclear shape, which maintain nuclear compartmentalization and function. However, major genomic functions, such as transcription activity, might also impact cell nuclear shape via blebbing and rupture through their effects on chromatin structure and dynamics. To test this idea, we inhibited transcription with several RNA polymerase II inhibitors in wild-type cells and perturbed cells that presented increased nuclear blebbing. Transcription inhibition suppressed nuclear blebbing for several cell types, nuclear perturbations and transcription inhibitors. Furthermore, transcription inhibition suppressed nuclear bleb formation, bleb stabilization and bleb-based nuclear ruptures. Interestingly, transcription inhibition did not alter the histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) modification state, nuclear rigidity, and actin compression and contraction, which typically control nuclear blebbing. Polymer simulations suggested that RNA polymerase II motor activity within chromatin could drive chromatin motions that deform the nuclear periphery. Our data provide evidence that transcription inhibition suppresses nuclear blebbing and rupture, in a manner separate and distinct from chromatin rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel K. Berg
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Marilena L. Currey
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sarthak Gupta
- Department of Physics and BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Yasmin Berrada
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Bao V. Nguyen
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Mai Pho
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Alison E. Patteson
- Department of Physics and BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - J. M. Schwarz
- Department of Physics and BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- Indian Creek Farm, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Edward J. Banigan
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Science and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew D. Stephens
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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23
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Bastianello G, Foiani M. Mechanisms controlling the mechanical properties of the nuclei. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 84:102222. [PMID: 37619290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the nucleus influence different cellular and nuclear functions and have relevant implications for several human diseases. The nucleus protects genetic information while acting as a mechano-sensory hub in response to internal and external forces. Cells have evolved mechano-transduction signaling to respond to physical cellular and nuclear perturbations and adopted a multitude of molecular pathways to maintain nuclear shape stability and prevent morphological abnormalities of the nucleus. Here we describe those key biological processes that control nuclear mechanics and discuss emerging perspectives on the mechanobiology of the nucleus as a diagnostic tool and clinical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bastianello
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy; Oncology and Haemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Marco Foiani
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy; Oncology and Haemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy.
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24
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De Silva NS, Siewiera J, Alkhoury C, Nader GPF, Nadalin F, de Azevedo K, Couty M, Izquierdo HM, Bhargava A, Conrad C, Maurin M, Antoniadou K, Fouillade C, Londono-Vallejo A, Behrendt R, Bertotti K, Serdjebi C, Lanthiez F, Gallwitz L, Saftig P, Herrero-Fernández B, Saez A, González-Granado JM, van Niel G, Boissonnas A, Piel M, Manel N. Nuclear envelope disruption triggers hallmarks of aging in lung alveolar macrophages. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1251-1268. [PMID: 37723209 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by gradual immune dysfunction and increased disease risk. Genomic instability is considered central to the aging process, but the underlying mechanisms of DNA damage are insufficiently defined. Cells in confined environments experience forces applied to their nucleus, leading to transient nuclear envelope rupture (NER) and DNA damage. Here, we show that Lamin A/C protects lung alveolar macrophages (AMs) from NER and hallmarks of aging. AMs move within constricted spaces in the lung. Immune-specific ablation of lamin A/C results in selective depletion of AMs and heightened susceptibility to influenza virus-induced pathogenesis and lung cancer growth. Lamin A/C-deficient AMs that persist display constitutive NER marks, DNA damage and p53-dependent senescence. AMs from aged wild-type and from lamin A/C-deficient mice share a lysosomal signature comprising CD63. CD63 is required to limit damaged DNA in macrophages. We propose that NER-induced genomic instability represents a mechanism of aging in AMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Siewiera
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Alkhoury
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Kevin de Azevedo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Couty
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Team van Niel, Paris, France
| | | | - Anvita Bhargava
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Conrad
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | | | - Charles Fouillade
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INSERM, UMR3347, U1021, Orsay, France
| | | | - Rayk Behrendt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - François Lanthiez
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Gallwitz
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beatriz Herrero-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Saez
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - José María González-Granado
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12). Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillaume van Niel
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Team van Niel, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Boissonnas
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France.
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25
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Gunn AL, Yashchenko AI, Dubrulle J, Johnson J, Hatch EM. A high-content screen reveals new regulators of nuclear membrane stability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542944. [PMID: 37398267 PMCID: PMC10312541 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear membrane rupture is a physiological response to multiple in vivo processes, such as cell migration, that can cause extensive genome instability and upregulate invasive and inflammatory pathways. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of rupture are unclear and few regulators have been identified. In this study, we developed a reporter that is size excluded from re-compartmentalization following nuclear rupture events. This allows for robust detection of factors influencing nuclear integrity in fixed cells. We combined this with an automated image analysis pipeline in a high-content siRNA screen to identify new proteins that both increase and decrease nuclear rupture frequency in cancer cells. Pathway analysis identified an enrichment of nuclear membrane and ER factors in our hits and we demonstrate that one of these, the protein phosphatase CTDNEP1, is required for nuclear stability. Further analysis of known rupture contributors, including a newly developed automated quantitative analysis of nuclear lamina gaps, strongly suggests that CTDNEP1 acts in a new pathway. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of nuclear rupture and define a highly adaptable program for rupture analysis that removes a substantial barrier to new discoveries in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Gunn
- Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Artem I. Yashchenko
- Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Julien Dubrulle
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Jodiene Johnson
- Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Emily M. Hatch
- Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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26
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Ross JA, Arcos-Villacis N, Battey E, Boogerd C, Orellana CA, Marhuenda E, Swiatlowska P, Hodzic D, Prin F, Mohun T, Catibog N, Tapia O, Gerace L, Iskratsch T, Shah AM, Stroud MJ. Lem2 is essential for cardiac development by maintaining nuclear integrity. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2074-2088. [PMID: 37067297 PMCID: PMC10478753 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Nuclear envelope integrity is essential for the compartmentalization of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Importantly, mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope (NE) and associated proteins are the second highest cause of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. One such NE protein that causes cardiomyopathy in humans and affects mouse heart development is Lem2. However, its role in the heart remains poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated mice in which Lem2 was specifically ablated either in embryonic cardiomyocytes (Lem2 cKO) or in adult cardiomyocytes (Lem2 iCKO) and carried out detailed physiological, tissue, and cellular analyses. High-resolution episcopic microscopy was used for three-dimensional reconstructions and detailed morphological analyses. RNA-sequencing and immunofluorescence identified altered pathways and cellular phenotypes, and cardiomyocytes were isolated to interrogate nuclear integrity in more detail. In addition, echocardiography provided a physiological assessment of Lem2 iCKO adult mice. We found that Lem2 was essential for cardiac development, and hearts from Lem2 cKO mice were morphologically and transcriptionally underdeveloped. Lem2 cKO hearts displayed high levels of DNA damage, nuclear rupture, and apoptosis. Crucially, we found that these defects were driven by muscle contraction as they were ameliorated by inhibiting myosin contraction and L-type calcium channels. Conversely, reducing Lem2 levels to ∼45% in adult cardiomyocytes did not lead to overt cardiac dysfunction up to 18 months of age. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Lem2 is critical for integrity at the nascent NE in foetal hearts, and protects the nucleus from the mechanical forces of muscle contraction. In contrast, the adult heart is not detectably affected by partial Lem2 depletion, perhaps owing to a more established NE and increased adaptation to mechanical stress. Taken together, these data provide insights into mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathy in patients with mutations in Lem2 and cardio-laminopathies in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Ross
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Nathaly Arcos-Villacis
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Edmund Battey
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Cornelis Boogerd
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Constanza Avalos Orellana
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Emilie Marhuenda
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Pamela Swiatlowska
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Didier Hodzic
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fabrice Prin
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Tim Mohun
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Norman Catibog
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Olga Tapia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander 39011, Spain
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Larry Gerace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Matthew J Stroud
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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27
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Wallace M, Zahr H, Perati S, Morsink CD, Johnson LE, Gacita AM, Lai S, Wallrath LL, Benjamin IJ, McNally EM, Kirby TJ, Lammerding J. Nuclear damage in LMNA mutant iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes is associated with impaired lamin localization to the nuclear envelope. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:mbcE21100527. [PMID: 37585285 PMCID: PMC10846625 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-10-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The LMNA gene encodes the nuclear envelope proteins Lamins A and C, which comprise a major part of the nuclear lamina, provide mechanical support to the nucleus, and participate in diverse intracellular signaling. LMNA mutations give rise to a collection of diseases called laminopathies, including dilated cardiomyopathy (LMNA-DCM) and muscular dystrophies. Although nuclear deformities are a hallmark of LMNA-DCM, the role of nuclear abnormalities in the pathogenesis of LMNA-DCM remains incompletely understood. Using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from LMNA mutant patients and healthy controls, we show that LMNA mutant iPSC-CM nuclei have altered shape or increased size compared to healthy control iPSC-CM nuclei. The LMNA mutation exhibiting the most severe nuclear deformities, R249Q, additionally caused reduced nuclear stiffness and increased nuclear fragility. Importantly, for all cell lines, the degree of nuclear abnormalities corresponded to the degree of Lamin A/C and Lamin B1 mislocalization from the nuclear envelope. The mislocalization was likely due to altered assembly of Lamin A/C. Collectively, these results point to the importance of correct lamin assembly at the nuclear envelope in providing mechanical stability to the nucleus and suggest that defects in nuclear lamina organization may contribute to the nuclear and cellular dysfunction in LMNA-DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wallace
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Hind Zahr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Shriya Perati
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Chloé D. Morsink
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anthony M. Gacita
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Shuping Lai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Lori L. Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Ivor J. Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Tyler J. Kirby
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
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28
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Pande S, Ghosh DK. Nuclear proteostasis imbalance in laminopathy-associated premature aging diseases. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23116. [PMID: 37498235 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300878r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Laminopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes such as premature aging, cardiomyopathy, lipodystrophy, muscular dystrophy, microcephaly, epilepsy, and so on. The cellular phenomena associated with laminopathy invariably show disruption of nucleoskeleton of lamina due to deregulated expression, localization, function, and interaction of mutant lamin proteins. Impaired spatial and temporal tethering of lamin proteins to the lamina or nucleoplasmic aggregation of lamins are the primary molecular events that can trigger nuclear proteotoxicity by modulating differential protein-protein interactions, sequestering quality control proteins, and initiating a cascade of abnormal post-translational modifications. Clearly, laminopathic cells exhibit moderate to high nuclear proteotoxicity, raising the question of whether an imbalance in nuclear proteostasis is involved in laminopathic diseases, particularly in diseases of early aging such as HGPS and laminopathy-associated premature aging. Here, we review nuclear proteostasis and its deregulation in the context of lamin proteins and laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Pande
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Debasish Kumar Ghosh
- Enteric Disease Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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29
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Liu C, Rex R, Lung Z, Wang JS, Wu F, Kim HJ, Zhang L, Sohn LL, Dernburg AF. A cooperative network at the nuclear envelope counteracts LINC-mediated forces during oogenesis in C. elegans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabn5709. [PMID: 37436986 PMCID: PMC10337908 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Oogenesis involves transduction of mechanical forces from the cytoskeleton to the nuclear envelope (NE). In Caenorhabditis elegans, oocyte nuclei lacking the single lamin protein LMN-1 are vulnerable to collapse under forces mediated through LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complexes. Here, we use cytological analysis and in vivo imaging to investigate the balance of forces that drive this collapse and protect oocyte nuclei. We also use a mechano-node-pore sensing device to directly measure the effect of genetic mutations on oocyte nuclear stiffness. We find that nuclear collapse is not a consequence of apoptosis. It is promoted by dynein, which induces polarization of a LINC complex composed of Sad1 and UNC-84 homology 1 (SUN-1) and ZYGote defective 12 (ZYG-12). Lamins contribute to oocyte nuclear stiffness and cooperate with other inner nuclear membrane proteins to distribute LINC complexes and protect nuclei from collapse. We speculate that a similar network may protect oocyte integrity during extended oocyte arrest in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshu Liu
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Rachel Rex
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zoe Lung
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - John S. Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Fan Wu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Hyung Jun Kim
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Lydia L. Sohn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Abby F. Dernburg
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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30
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Zhang Y, Ramirez-Martinez A, Chen K, McAnally JR, Cai C, Durbacz MZ, Chemello F, Wang Z, Xu L, Bassel-Duby R, Liu N, Olson EN. Net39 protects muscle nuclei from mechanical stress during the pathogenesis of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163333. [PMID: 37395273 DOI: 10.1172/jci163333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins lead to diseases known as nuclear envelopathies, characterized by skeletal muscle and heart abnormalities, such as Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). The tissue-specific role of the nuclear envelope in the etiology of these diseases has not been extensively explored. We previously showed that global deletion of the muscle-specific nuclear envelope protein NET39 in mice leads to neonatal lethality due to skeletal muscle dysfunction. To study the potential role of the Net39 gene in adulthood, we generated a muscle-specific conditional knockout (cKO) of Net39 in mice. cKO mice recapitulated key skeletal muscle features of EDMD, including muscle wasting, impaired muscle contractility, abnormal myonuclear morphology, and DNA damage. The loss of Net39 rendered myoblasts hypersensitive to mechanical stretch, resulting in stretch-induced DNA damage. Net39 was downregulated in a mouse model of congenital myopathy, and restoration of Net39 expression through AAV gene delivery extended life span and ameliorated muscle abnormalities. These findings establish NET39 as a direct contributor to the pathogenesis of EDMD that acts by protecting against mechanical stress and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center
| | - Andres Ramirez-Martinez
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center
| | - Kenian Chen
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, and
| | - John R McAnally
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center
| | - Chunyu Cai
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mateusz Z Durbacz
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center
| | - Francesco Chemello
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center
| | - Zhaoning Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, and
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center
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31
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Danielsson BE, George Abraham B, Mäntylä E, Cabe JI, Mayer CR, Rekonen A, Ek F, Conway DE, Ihalainen TO. Nuclear lamina strain states revealed by intermolecular force biosensor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3867. [PMID: 37391402 PMCID: PMC10313699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins have been considered an important structural element of the nucleus. The nuclear lamina is thought both to shield DNA from excessive mechanical forces and to transmit mechanical forces onto the DNA. However, to date there is not yet a technical approach to directly measure mechanical forces on nuclear lamins at the protein level. To overcome this limitation, we developed a nanobody-based intermolecular tension FRET biosensor capable of measuring the mechanical strain of lamin filaments. Using this sensor, we were able to show that the nuclear lamina is subjected to significant force. These forces are dependent on nuclear volume, actomyosin contractility, functional LINC complex, chromatin condensation state, cell cycle, and EMT. Interestingly, large forces were also present on nucleoplasmic lamins, indicating that these lamins may also have an important mechanical role in the nucleus. Overall, we demonstrate that the nanobody-based approach allows construction of biosensors for complex protein structures for mechanobiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Danielsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Bobin George Abraham
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Mäntylä
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jolene I Cabe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Carl R Mayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Anna Rekonen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Frans Ek
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniel E Conway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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De Silva S, Fan Z, Kang B, Shanahan CM, Zhang Q. Nesprin-1: novel regulator of striated muscle nuclear positioning and mechanotransduction. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1331-1345. [PMID: 37171063 PMCID: PMC10317153 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nesprins (nuclear envelope spectrin repeat proteins) are multi-isomeric scaffolding proteins. Giant nesprin-1 and -2 localise to the outer nuclear membrane, interact with SUN (Sad1p/UNC-84) domain-containing proteins at the inner nuclear membrane to form the LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, which, in association with lamin A/C and emerin, mechanically couples the nucleus to the cytoskeleton. Despite ubiquitous expression of nesprin giant isoforms, pathogenic mutations in nesprin-1 and -2 are associated with tissue-specific disorders, particularly related to striated muscle such as dilated cardiomyopathy and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Recent evidence suggests this muscle-specificity might be attributable in part, to the small muscle specific isoform, nesprin-1α2, which has a novel role in striated muscle function. Our current understanding of muscle-specific functions of nesprin-1 and its isoforms will be summarised in this review to provide insight into potential pathological mechanisms of nesprin-related muscle disease and may inform potential targets of therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanelle De Silva
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
| | - Zhijuan Fan
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Baoqiang Kang
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
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Kliszczak M, Moralli D, Jankowska JD, Bryjka P, Subha Meem L, Goncalves T, Hester SS, Fischer R, Clynes D, Green CM. Loss of FAM111B protease mutated in hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma negatively regulates telomere length. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1175069. [PMID: 37342232 PMCID: PMC10277729 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1175069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma (HFP) is a rare human dominant negative disorder caused by mutations in the FAM111B gene that encodes a nuclear trypsin-like serine protease. HFP patients present with symptoms including skin abnormalities, tendon contractures, myopathy and lung fibrosis. We characterized the cellular roles of human FAM111B using U2OS and MCF7 cell lines and report here that the protease interacts with components of the nuclear pore complex. Loss of FAM111B expression resulted in abnormal nuclear shape and reduced telomeric DNA content suggesting that FAM111B protease is required for normal telomere length; we show that this function is independent of telomerase or recombination driven telomere extension. Even though FAM111B-deficient cells were proficient in DNA repair, they showed hallmarks of genomic instability such as increased levels of micronuclei and ultra-fine DNA bridges. When mutated as in HFP, FAM111B was more frequently localized to the nuclear envelope, suggesting that accumulation of the mutated protease at the nuclear periphery may drive the disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kliszczak
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julia D. Jankowska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Bryjka
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lamia Subha Meem
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Goncalves
- Oncology Department, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Svenja S. Hester
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Clynes
- Oncology Department, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M. Green
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Sun J, Chen J, Amar K, Wu Y, Jiang M, Wang N. LAP2β transmits force to upregulate genes via chromatin domain stretching but not compression. Acta Biomater 2023; 163:326-338. [PMID: 34700042 PMCID: PMC9033892 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that force impacts almost every aspect of cells and tissues in physiology and disease including gene regulation. However, the molecular pathway of force transmission from the nuclear lamina to the chromatin remain largely elusive. Here we employ two different approaches of a local stress on cell apical surface via an RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp)-coated magnetic bead and whole cell deformation at cell basal surface via uniaxial or biaxial deformation of a fibronectin-coated flexible polydimethylsiloxane substrate. We find that nuclear protein LAP2β mediates force transmission from the nuclear lamina to the chromatin. Knocking down LAP2β increases spontaneous movements of the chromatin by reducing tethering of the chromatin and substantially inhibits the magnetic bead-stress or the substrate-deformation induced chromatin domain stretching and the ensuing dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene upregulation. Analysis of DHFR gene-containing chromatin domain alignments along or perpendicular to the direction of the stretching/compressing reveals that the chromatin domain must be stretched and not compressed in order for the gene to be rapidly upregulated. Together these results suggest that external-load induced rapid transcription upregulation originates from chromatin domain stretching but not compressing and depends on the molecular force transmission pathway of LAP2β. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: How force regulates gene expression has been elusive. Here we show that the orientation of the chromatin domain relative to the stress direction is crucial in determining if the chromatin domain will be stretched or compressed in response to a cell surface loading. We also show that nuclear protein Lap2b is a critical molecule that mediates force transmission from the nuclear laminar to the chromatin to regulate gene transcription. This study reveals the molecular force transmission pathway for force-induced gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Junwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China
| | - Kshitij Amar
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Yanyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China
| | - Mingxing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
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Kim HJ, Lee PCW, Hong JH. Overview of cellular homeostasis-associated nuclear envelope lamins and associated input signals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1173514. [PMID: 37250905 PMCID: PMC10213260 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1173514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the discovery of the role of the nuclear envelope protein lamin in human genetic diseases, further diverse roles of lamins have been elucidated. The roles of lamins have been addressed in cellular homeostasis including gene regulation, cell cycle, cellular senescence, adipogenesis, bone remodeling as well as modulation of cancer biology. Features of laminopathies line with oxidative stress-associated cellular senescence, differentiation, and longevity and share with downstream of aging-oxidative stress. Thus, in this review, we highlighted various roles of lamin as key molecule of nuclear maintenance, specially lamin-A/C, and mutated LMNA gene clearly reveal aging-related genetic phenotypes, such as enhanced differentiation, adipogenesis, and osteoporosis. The modulatory roles of lamin-A/C in stem cell differentiation, skin, cardiac regulation, and oncology have also been elucidated. In addition to recent advances in laminopathies, we highlighted for the first kinase-dependent nuclear lamin biology and recently developed modulatory mechanisms or effector signals of lamin regulation. Advanced knowledge of the lamin-A/C proteins as diverse signaling modulators might be biological key to unlocking the complex signaling of aging-related human diseases and homeostasis in cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jae Kim
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter C. W. Lee
- Lung Cancer Research Center, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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36
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Shah PP, Santini GT, Shen KM, Jain R. InterLINCing Chromatin Organization and Mechanobiology in Laminopathies. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:307-314. [PMID: 37052760 PMCID: PMC10185580 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we explore the chromatin-related consequences of laminopathy-linked mutations through the lens of mechanotransduction. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple studies have highlighted the role of the nuclear lamina in maintaining the integrity of the nucleus. The lamina also has a critical role in 3D genome organization. Mutations in lamina proteins associated with various laminopathies result in the loss of organization of DNA at the nuclear periphery. However, it remains unclear if or how these two aspects of lamin function are connected. Recent data suggests that unlinking the cytoskeleton from the nuclear lamina may be beneficial to slow progress of deleterious phenotypes observed in laminopathies. In this review, we highlight emerging data that suggest interlinked chromatin- and mechanical biology-related pathways are interconnected in the pathogenesis of laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisha P. Shah
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Smilow Center for Translational Research, 09-184, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Garrett T. Santini
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Kaitlyn M. Shen
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Smilow Center for Translational Research, 09-101, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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37
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Walker SG, Langland CJ, Viles J, Hecker LA, Wallrath LL. Drosophila Models Reveal Properties of Mutant Lamins That Give Rise to Distinct Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081142. [PMID: 37190051 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene cause a collection of diseases known as laminopathies, including muscular dystrophies, lipodystrophies, and early-onset aging syndromes. The LMNA gene encodes A-type lamins, lamins A/C, intermediate filaments that form a meshwork underlying the inner nuclear membrane. Lamins have a conserved domain structure consisting of a head, coiled-coil rod, and C-terminal tail domain possessing an Ig-like fold. This study identified differences between two mutant lamins that cause distinct clinical diseases. One of the LMNA mutations encodes lamin A/C p.R527P and the other codes lamin A/C p.R482W, which are typically associated with muscular dystrophy and lipodystrophy, respectively. To determine how these mutations differentially affect muscle, we generated the equivalent mutations in the Drosophila Lamin C (LamC) gene, an orthologue of human LMNA. The muscle-specific expression of the R527P equivalent showed cytoplasmic aggregation of LamC, a reduced larval muscle size, decreased larval motility, and cardiac defects resulting in a reduced adult lifespan. By contrast, the muscle-specific expression of the R482W equivalent caused an abnormal nuclear shape without a change in larval muscle size, larval motility, and adult lifespan compared to controls. Collectively, these studies identified fundamental differences in the properties of mutant lamins that cause clinically distinct phenotypes, providing insights into disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney G Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Christopher J Langland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jill Viles
- Independent Researcher, Gowrie, IA 50543, USA
| | - Laura A Hecker
- Department of Biology, Clarke University, Dubuque, IA 52001, USA
| | - Lori L Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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38
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Qu Y, Edwards K, Barrow J. Isolation, culture, and use of primary murine myoblasts in small-molecule screens. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102149. [PMID: 36917603 PMCID: PMC10025262 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule screens (SMS) are often performed using transformed cell lines that have limited physiological relevance to the biological system being investigated, resulting in poor translational outcomes. To circumvent this limitation, we present a protocol to perform SMS in primary murine myoblasts. We describe steps for isolating primary skeletal muscle myoblasts with greater than 95% purity, then describe techniques to establish a robust dynamic range, and conclude with steps to initiate a successful SMS. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Richler and Yaffe (1970),1 Rando and Blau (1994),2 and Earle et al. (2020).3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Kaydine Edwards
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Joeva Barrow
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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39
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Zhang B, Powers JD, McCulloch AD, Chi NC. Nuclear mechanosignaling in striated muscle diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1126111. [PMID: 36960155 PMCID: PMC10027932 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1126111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosignaling describes processes by which biomechanical stimuli are transduced into cellular responses. External biophysical forces can be transmitted via structural protein networks that span from the cellular membrane to the cytoskeleton and the nucleus, where they can regulate gene expression through a series of biomechanical and/or biochemical mechanosensitive mechanisms, including chromatin remodeling, translocation of transcriptional regulators, and epigenetic factors. Striated muscle cells, including cardiac and skeletal muscle myocytes, utilize these nuclear mechanosignaling mechanisms to respond to changes in their intracellular and extracellular mechanical environment and mediate gene expression and cell remodeling. In this brief review, we highlight and discuss recent experimental work focused on the pathway of biomechanical stimulus propagation at the nucleus-cytoskeleton interface of striated muscles, and the mechanisms by which these pathways regulate gene regulation, muscle structure, and function. Furthermore, we discuss nuclear protein mutations that affect mechanosignaling function in human and animal models of cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, current open questions and future challenges in investigating striated muscle nuclear mechanosignaling are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joseph D. Powers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrew D. McCulloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Neil C. Chi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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40
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Tuning between Nuclear Organization and Functionality in Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050706. [PMID: 36899842 PMCID: PMC10000962 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization of eukaryotic genome in the nucleus, a double-membraned organelle separated from the cytoplasm, is highly complex and dynamic. The functional architecture of the nucleus is confined by the layers of internal and cytoplasmic elements, including chromatin organization, nuclear envelope associated proteome and transport, nuclear-cytoskeletal contacts, and the mechano-regulatory signaling cascades. The size and morphology of the nucleus could impose a significant impact on nuclear mechanics, chromatin organization, gene expression, cell functionality and disease development. The maintenance of nuclear organization during genetic or physical perturbation is crucial for the viability and lifespan of the cell. Abnormal nuclear envelope morphologies, such as invagination and blebbing, have functional implications in several human disorders, including cancer, accelerated aging, thyroid disorders, and different types of neuro-muscular diseases. Despite the evident interplay between nuclear structure and nuclear function, our knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms for regulation of nuclear morphology and cell functionality during health and illness is rather poor. This review highlights the essential nuclear, cellular, and extracellular components that govern the organization of nuclei and functional consequences associated with nuclear morphometric aberrations. Finally, we discuss the recent developments with diagnostic and therapeutic implications targeting nuclear morphology in health and disease.
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41
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McGoldrick P, Lau A, You Z, Durcan TM, Robertson J. Loss of C9orf72 perturbs the Ran-GTPase gradient and nucleocytoplasmic transport, generating compositionally diverse Importin β-1 granules. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112134. [PMID: 36821445 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A hexanucleotide (GGGGCC)n repeat expansion in C9orf72 causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), eliciting toxic effects through generation of RNA foci, dipeptide repeat proteins, and/or loss of C9orf72 protein. Defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) have been implicated as a pathogenic mechanism underlying repeat expansion toxicity. Here, we show that loss of C9orf72 disrupts the Ran-GTPase gradient and NCT in vitro and in vivo. NCT disruption in vivo is enhanced by the presence of compositionally different types of cytoplasmic Importin β-1 granule that exhibit neuronal subtype-specific properties. We show that the abundance of Importin β-1 granules is increased in the context of C9orf72 deficiency, disrupting interactions with nuclear pore complex proteins. These granules appear to associate with the nuclear envelope and are co-immunoreactive for G3BP1 and K63-ubiquitin. These findings link loss of C9orf72 protein to gain-of-function mechanisms and defects in NCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip McGoldrick
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - Agnes Lau
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Zhipeng You
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Janice Robertson
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
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Lucas L, Cooper TA. Insights into Cell-Specific Functions of Microtubules in Skeletal Muscle Development and Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032903. [PMID: 36769228 PMCID: PMC9917663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The contractile cells of skeletal muscles, called myofibers, are elongated multinucleated syncytia formed and maintained by the fusion of proliferative myoblasts. Human myofibers can be hundreds of microns in diameter and millimeters in length. Myofibers are non-mitotic, obviating the need for microtubules in cell division. However, microtubules have been adapted to the unique needs of these cells and are critical for myofiber development and function. Microtubules in mature myofibers are highly dynamic, and studies in several experimental systems have demonstrated the requirements for microtubules in the unique features of muscle biology including myoblast fusion, peripheral localization of nuclei, assembly of the sarcomere, transport and signaling. Microtubule-binding proteins have also been adapted to the needs of the skeletal muscle including the expression of skeletal muscle-specific protein isoforms generated by alternative splicing. Here, we will outline the different roles microtubules play in skeletal muscle cells, describe how microtubule abnormalities can lead to muscle disease and discuss the broader implications for microtubule function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lathan Lucas
- Chemical, Physical, Structural Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas A. Cooper
- Chemical, Physical, Structural Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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43
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Rose N, Estrada Chavez B, Sonam S, Nguyen T, Grenci G, Bigot A, Muchir A, Ladoux B, Cadot B, Le Grand F, Trichet L. Bioengineering a miniaturized in vitro 3D myotube contraction monitoring chip to model muscular dystrophies. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121935. [PMID: 36584444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of skeletal muscle functional contraction is essential to assess the outcomes of therapeutic procedures for neuromuscular disorders. Muscle three-dimensional "Organ-on-chip" models usually require a substantial amount of biological material, which rarely can be obtained from patient biopsies. Here, we developed a miniaturized 3D myotube culture chip with contraction monitoring capacity at the single cell level. Optimized micropatterned substrate design enabled to obtain high culture yields in tightly controlled microenvironments, with myotubes derived from primary human myoblasts displaying spontaneous contractions. Analysis of nuclear morphology confirmed similar myonuclei structure between obtained myotubes and in vivo myofibers, as compared to 2D monolayers. LMNA-related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (L-CMD) was modeled with successful development of diseased 3D myotubes displaying reduced contraction. The miniaturized myotube technology can thus be used to study contraction characteristics and evaluate how diseases affect muscle organization and force generation. Importantly, it requires significantly fewer starting materials than current systems, which should substantially improve drug screening capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rose
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Berenice Estrada Chavez
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Surabhi Sonam
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Thao Nguyen
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Gianluca Grenci
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
| | - Anne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Benoît Ladoux
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Bruno Cadot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Fabien Le Grand
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Léa Trichet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de La Matière Condensée de Paris, 75005, Paris, France.
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Ultrastructural Analysis of Cancer Cells Treated with the Radiopharmaceutical Radium Dichloride ([ 223Ra]RaCl 2): Understanding the Effect on Cell Structure. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030451. [PMID: 36766793 PMCID: PMC9913731 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of alpha-particle (α-particle) radionuclides, especially [223Ra]RaCl2 (radium dichloride), for targeted alpha therapy is steadily increasing. Despite the positive clinical outcomes of this therapy, very little data are available about the effect on the ultrastructure of cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nanomechanical and ultrastructure effect of [223Ra] RaCl2 on cancer cells. To analyze the effect of [223Ra]RaCl2 on tumor cells, human breast cancer cells (lineage MDA-MB-231) were cultured and treated with the radiopharmaceutical at doses of 2 µCi and 0.9 µCi. The effect was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with Raman spectroscopy. The results showed massive destruction of the cell membrane but preservation of the nucleus membrane. No evidence of DNA alteration was observed. The data demonstrated the formation of lysosomes and phagosomes. These findings help elucidate the main mechanism involved in cell death during α-particle therapy.
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Chen R, Buchmann S, Kroth A, Arias-Loza AP, Kohlhaas M, Wagner N, Grüner G, Nickel A, Cirnu A, Williams T, Maack C, Ergün S, Frantz S, Gerull B. Mechanistic Insights of the LEMD2 p.L13R Mutation and Its Role in Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2023; 132:e43-e58. [PMID: 36656972 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear envelope proteins play an important role in the pathogenesis of hereditary cardiomyopathies. Recently, a new form of arrhythmic cardiomyopathy caused by a homozygous mutation (p.L13R) in the inner nuclear membrane protein LEMD2 was discovered. The aim was to unravel the molecular mechanisms of mutant LEMD2 in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. METHODS We generated a Lemd2 p.L13R knock-in mouse model and a corresponding cell model via CRISPR/Cas9 technology and investigated the cardiac phenotype as well as cellular and subcellular mechanisms of nuclear membrane rupture and repair. RESULTS Knock-in mice developed a cardiomyopathy with predominantly endocardial fibrosis, left ventricular dilatation, and systolic dysfunction. Electrocardiograms displayed pronounced ventricular arrhythmias and conduction disease. A key finding of knock-in cardiomyocytes on ultrastructural level was a significant increase in nuclear membrane invaginations and decreased nuclear circularity. Furthermore, increased DNA damage and premature senescence were detected as the underlying cause of fibrotic and inflammatory remodeling. As the p.L13R mutation is located in the Lap2/Emerin/Man1 (LEM)-domain, we observed a disrupted interaction between mutant LEMD2 and BAF (barrier-to-autointegration factor), which is required to initiate the nuclear envelope rupture repair process. To mimic increased mechanical stress with subsequent nuclear envelope ruptures, we investigated mutant HeLa-cells upon electrical stimulation and increased stiffness. Here, we demonstrated impaired nuclear envelope rupture repair capacity, subsequent cytoplasmic leakage of the DNA repair factor KU80 along with increased DNA damage, and recruitment of the cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) to the nuclear membrane and micronuclei. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that the Lemd2 p.L13R mutation in mice recapitulates human dilated cardiomyopathy with fibrosis and severe ventricular arrhythmias. Impaired nuclear envelope rupture repair capacity resulted in increased DNA damage and activation of the cGAS/STING/IFN pathway, promoting premature senescence. Hence, LEMD2 is a new player inthe disease group of laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (R.C., S.B., A.K., G.G., A.C., T.W., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I (R.C., T.W., C.M., S.F., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simone Buchmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (R.C., S.B., A.K., G.G., A.C., T.W., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Amos Kroth
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (R.C., S.B., A.K., G.G., A.C., T.W., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anahi-Paula Arias-Loza
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (A.-P.A.-L.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (M.K., A.N., C.M.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Germany (N.W., S.E.)
| | - Gianna Grüner
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (R.C., S.B., A.K., G.G., A.C., T.W., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (M.K., A.N., C.M.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Cirnu
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (R.C., S.B., A.K., G.G., A.C., T.W., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Williams
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (R.C., S.B., A.K., G.G., A.C., T.W., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I (R.C., T.W., C.M., S.F., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Medicine I (R.C., T.W., C.M., S.F., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (M.K., A.N., C.M.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Germany (N.W., S.E.)
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Medicine I (R.C., T.W., C.M., S.F., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (S.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (R.C., S.B., A.K., G.G., A.C., T.W., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I (R.C., T.W., C.M., S.F., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
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Battey E, Ross JA, Hoang A, Wilson DGS, Han Y, Levy Y, Pollock RD, Kalakoutis M, Pugh JN, Close GL, Ellison-Hughes GM, Lazarus NR, Iskratsch T, Harridge SDR, Ochala J, Stroud MJ. Myonuclear alterations associated with exercise are independent of age in humans. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 36597809 DOI: 10.1113/jp284128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in skeletal muscle structure and function can be mitigated by regular exercise. However, the precise mechanisms that govern this are not fully understood. The nucleus plays an active role in translating forces into biochemical signals (mechanotransduction), with the nuclear lamina protein lamin A regulating nuclear shape, nuclear mechanics and ultimately gene expression. Defective lamin A expression causes muscle pathologies and premature ageing syndromes, but the roles of nuclear structure and function in physiological ageing and in exercise adaptations remain obscure. Here, we isolated single muscle fibres and carried out detailed morphological and functional analyses on myonuclei from young and older exercise-trained individuals. Strikingly, myonuclei from trained individuals were more spherical, less deformable, and contained a thicker nuclear lamina than those from untrained individuals. Complementary to this, exercise resulted in increased levels of lamin A and increased myonuclear stiffness in mice. We conclude that exercise is associated with myonuclear remodelling, independently of age, which may contribute to the preservative effects of exercise on muscle function throughout the lifespan. KEY POINTS: The nucleus plays an active role in translating forces into biochemical signals. Myonuclear aberrations in a group of muscular dystrophies called laminopathies suggest that the shape and mechanical properties of myonuclei are important for maintaining muscle function. Here, striking differences are presented in myonuclear shape and mechanics associated with exercise, in both young and old humans. Myonuclei from trained individuals were more spherical, less deformable and contained a thicker nuclear lamina than untrained individuals. It is concluded that exercise is associated with age-independent myonuclear remodelling, which may help to maintain muscle function throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Battey
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J A Ross
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Hoang
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D G S Wilson
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Y Han
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Y Levy
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R D Pollock
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Kalakoutis
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J N Pugh
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - G L Close
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - G M Ellison-Hughes
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N R Lazarus
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T Iskratsch
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S D R Harridge
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Ochala
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M J Stroud
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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47
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Scott NR, Parekh SH. A-type lamins involvement in transport and implications in cancer? Nucleus 2022; 13:221-235. [PMID: 36109835 PMCID: PMC9481127 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2022.2118418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins and transport are intrinsically linked, but their relationship is yet to be fully unraveled. A multitude of complex, coupled interactions between lamins and nucleoporins (Nups), which mediate active transport into and out of the nucleus, combined with well documented dysregulation of lamins in many cancers, suggests that lamins and nuclear transport may play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and the preservation of cancer. Changes of function related to lamin/Nup activity can principally lead to DNA damage, further increasing the genetic diversity within a tumor, which could lead to the reduction the effectiveness of antineoplastic treatments. This review discusses and synthesizes different connections of lamins to nuclear transport and offers a number of outlook questions, the answers to which could reveal a new perspective on the connection of lamins to molecular transport of cancer therapeutics, in addition to their established role in nuclear mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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48
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Lammerding J, Engler AJ, Kamm R. Mechanobiology of the cell nucleus. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:040401. [PMID: 36536804 PMCID: PMC9759352 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6007, USA,Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - Adam J. Engler
- Chien-Lay Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, USA,Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - Roger Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
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49
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Balaji AK, Saha S, Deshpande S, Poola D, Sengupta K. Nuclear envelope, chromatin organizers, histones, and DNA: The many achilles heels exploited across cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1068347. [PMID: 36589746 PMCID: PMC9800887 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1068347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the genome is organized in the form of chromatin composed of DNA and histones that organize and regulate gene expression. The dysregulation of chromatin remodeling, including the aberrant incorporation of histone variants and their consequent post-translational modifications, is prevalent across cancers. Additionally, nuclear envelope proteins are often deregulated in cancers, which impacts the 3D organization of the genome. Altered nuclear morphology, genome organization, and gene expression are defining features of cancers. With advances in single-cell sequencing, imaging technologies, and high-end data mining approaches, we are now at the forefront of designing appropriate small molecules to selectively inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells in a genome- and epigenome-specific manner. Here, we review recent advances and the emerging significance of aberrations in nuclear envelope proteins, histone variants, and oncohistones in deregulating chromatin organization and gene expression in oncogenesis.
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50
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Wang H, Krause A, Escobar H, Müthel S, Metzler E, Spuler S. LMNA Co-Regulated Gene Expression as a Suitable Readout after Precise Gene Correction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415525. [PMID: 36555163 PMCID: PMC9778678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LMNA-related muscular dystrophy is an autosomal-dominant progressive disorder caused by mutations in LMNA. LMNA missense mutations are becoming correctable with CRISPR/Cas9-derived tools. Evaluating the functional recovery of LMNA after gene editing bears challenges as there is no reported direct loss of function of lamin A/C proteins in patient-derived cells. The proteins encoded by LMNA are lamins A/C, important ubiquitous nuclear envelope proteins but absent in pluripotent stem cells. We induced lamin A/C expression in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of two patients with LMNA-related muscular dystrophy, NM_170707.4 (LMNA): c.1366A > G, p.(Asn456Asp) and c.1494G > T, p.(Trp498Cys), using a short three-day, serum-induced differentiation protocol and analyzed expression profiles of co-regulated genes, examples being COL1A2 and S100A6. We then performed precise gene editing of LMNA c.1366A > G using the near-PAMless (PAM: protospacer-adjacent motif) cytosine base editor. We show that the mutation can be repaired to 100% efficiency in individual iPSC clones. The fast differentiation protocol provided a functional readout and demonstrated increased lamin A/C expression as well as normalized expression of co-regulated genes. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the power of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene correction and effective outcome measures in a disease with, so far, little perspective on therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicui Wang
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (S.S.); Tel.: +49-30-450-540-518 (H.W.); +49-30-450-540-501 (S.S.); Fax: +49-30-450-540-914 (H.W. & S.S.)
| | - Anne Krause
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Escobar
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Müthel
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Metzler
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Spuler
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (S.S.); Tel.: +49-30-450-540-518 (H.W.); +49-30-450-540-501 (S.S.); Fax: +49-30-450-540-914 (H.W. & S.S.)
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