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Cheng M, Zhang L, Han X, Xu H, Shi H, Lin Y. High-fidelity telomerase activity assay based on light-triggered nucleic acid separation system for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2025; 278:117355. [PMID: 40088701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2025.117355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2025] [Revised: 02/28/2025] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025]
Abstract
In conventional methods for telomerase activity assay, the obtained telomerase sample contains a large amount of impurity, which seriously affect the accuracy of the assay. Herein, we propose a light-triggered nucleic acid separation strategy to realize high fidelity Telomerase activity assay (Lit-Telo). In the light-triggered nucleic acid separation system, a 5' terminal biotinylated and photo-cleavable (PC) linker-functionalized telomerase substrate probe (Bio-PCTS) is designed. Telomerase extends telomeric repeat DNA (TTAGGG) to the 3' terminal of Bio-PCTS probe to produce telomerase extension product, which can be captured by streptavidin coated 96-well plate. Thus, the impurity can be removed from the reaction to realize the purification of telomerase extension product. A few seconds of UV light irradiation can disrupt the PC-linker in Bio-PCTS probe, allowing the easy and quick release of the telomerase extension product DNA fragment from the bottom of 96-well plate into the reaction solution for subsequent detection. Asymmetric-PCR-based TRAP and LbaCas12a/crRNA system were elucidated and optimized to realize the enhanced detection of telomerase activity. The proposed Lit-Telo platform achieved a limit-of-detection of telomerase activity equivalent to 8 HeLa cells. 26 bladder specimens were collected for telomerase activity assay using both fluorescence detection based Lit-Telo (Fluo Lit-Telo) visual detection based Lit-Telo (Visual Lit-Telo). ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) analysis of the data indicated the good detection accuracy of Fluo Lit-Telo and Visual Lit-Telo methods with the AUC value of 93.94% and 92.12%, respectively. These results demonstrated the potential of the Lit-Telo platform in the in vitro diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Ligang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Xiujing Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Hanjiang Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Haoqiang Shi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Yongping Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China.
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2
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Rafat A, Dizaji Asl K, Mazloumi Z, Talebi M, Nozad Charoudeh H. Natural killer cells in combination with the inhibition of telomerase induced apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2025; 42:102027. [PMID: 40342534 PMCID: PMC12059324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2025] [Accepted: 04/22/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Recent trends in developing new treatments for cancers, highlight the use of immune cells particularly Natural Killer (NK) cells, as promising therapeutic strategies. While NK cells exhibit significant anti-tumor effects, their effectiveness is often limited. This study investigated the impact of BIBR1532, a human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) inhibitor, on improving the cytotoxicity of NK cells against Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) cells. Methods Primary AML cells and Kg-1a cell lines were cultured and treated with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BIBR1532 for 48 h. The treated cells were then co-cultured with NK cells, after which cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed using Annexin V/7-AAD and Ki-67 expression analysis. Finally, apoptosis-related genes and proteins, hTERT gene and caspase 3/7 activity were studied. Results The Telomerase Inhibition (TI) in primary AML and Kg-1a cells with IC50 values of 38.75 μM and 57.64 μM, respectively, sensitized the AML cells and enhanced the anti-proliferative effects of NK cells. The combination of BIBR1532 and NK cells led to increased apoptosis, as indicated by the upregulation of the Bax and Bad genes, an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase 3/7 activity, Bax protein and a downregulation of mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and decreased Bcl-2 protein. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrate that the concurrent application of BIBR1532 and NK cells promotes apoptosis and reduces proliferation by targeting apoptosis-related genes and proteins such as Bax and Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rafat
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Dizaji Asl
- Department of Histopathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mazloumi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Nozad Charoudeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
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3
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Frost GB, Liu Y, Kron SJ, Scheidt KA. Telomerase reverse transcriptase degradation via a rationally designed covalent proteolysis targeting chimera. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2025:130286. [PMID: 40412449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2025.130286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2025] [Revised: 05/15/2025] [Accepted: 05/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025]
Abstract
Expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is a hallmark of cancer, maintaining telomere integrity to enable replicative immortality. However, TERT also serves multiple enzyme-dependent and -independent functions to support cancer growth and survival, including enhanced DNA damage response. Agents that inhibit TERT reverse transcriptase activity prevent telomere elongation but may fail to limit other TERT functions that mediate cancer therapy resistance. Thus, we applied structure-based design, modular synthesis, and biochemical assays towards developing a proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) to drive proteasomal degradation of TERT in cancer cells. This yielded NU-PRO-1, a PROTAC linking the TERT active site-targeted covalent inhibitor NU-1 to the VHL E3-ligase ligand (S,R,S)-AHPC. Applied to cancer cells, NU-PRO-1 induced transient VHL- and proteasome-dependent TERT degradation. NU-PRO-1 did not induce DNA damage on its own but acted to further delay DNA repair after irradiation compared to NU-1. TERT-degrading PROTACs provide novel chemical probes of TERT's non-catalytic functions and may overcome the limitations of current telomerase inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant B Frost
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - Yue Liu
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America.
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America; Robert. H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America.
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Glover C, Fairbanks S, Robertson CC, Richard Keene F, Green NH, Thomas JA. An optical ratiometric approach using enantiopure luminescent metal complexes indicates changes in the average quadruplex DNA content as primary cells undergo multiple divisions. Dalton Trans 2025; 54:8241-8250. [PMID: 40100080 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt03238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
The three stereoisomers of a previously reported dinuclear ruthenium(II) complex have been quantitatively separated using cation-exchange chromatography and the individual crystal structures of the racemic pair are reported. Cell-based studies on the three stereoisomers disclosed differences in the rate of uptake of the two chiral forms of the rac diastereoisomer with the ΛΛ-enantiomer being taken up noticeably more rapidly than the ΔΔ-form. Cell viability studies reveal that the three cations show identical cytotoxicity over 24 hours, but over more extended exposure periods, the meso-ΔΛ stereoisomer becomes slightly less active. More significantly, microscopy studies revealed that although both isomers display a near infra-red "light-switch" effect associated with binding to duplex DNA on binding to chromatin in live MCF7 and L5178-R cells, only the ΛΛ enantiomer displays a distinctive, blue-shifted component associated with binding to quadruplex DNA. An analysis of the ratio of "quadruplex emission" compared to "duplex emission" for the ΛΛ-enantiomer indicated that there was a decrease in the average quadruplex DNA content within live primary cells as they undergo multiple cell divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Glover
- Chemistry, School of Mathematics and, Physical Sciences, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biological Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Simon Fairbanks
- Chemistry, School of Mathematics and, Physical Sciences, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Craig C Robertson
- Chemistry, School of Mathematics and, Physical Sciences, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - F Richard Keene
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Physics & Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Nicola H Green
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biological Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Jim A Thomas
- Chemistry, School of Mathematics and, Physical Sciences, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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Xie J, Ouyang L, Li J, Yang S, Li Q, Li Y, Yan L, Fu Y, Li Q, Xia Y, Chen X, Fu Z, Sun W, Du G, Zhou F, Feng C, Fan G. Chronic low-level exposure to Pb, Hg, and Cd mixture triggers brain premature aging in rat. Toxicology 2025; 516:154196. [PMID: 40393628 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2025.154196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Revised: 05/04/2025] [Accepted: 05/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), prevalent neurotoxic heavy metals in the environment, are commonly detected at low concentrations in the blood of the general population. Our previous studies demonstrated that Pb, Hg, and Cd mixture induced neurodevelopmental toxicity even at very low levels. However, the long-term effects of low-level Pb, Hg, Cd exposure on brain aging remain unclear. In this study, female rats were exposed to a mixture of 10 mg/L Pb(CH3COO)2, 0.05 mg/L HgCl2, and 3.5 mg/L CdCl2 via drinking water from mating until offspring weaning. Offspring continued to exposed to heavy metal mixture (3.5 mg/L Pb(CH3COO)2, 0.015 mg/L HgCl2, and 0.5 mg/L CdCl2) for 32 weeks. At 52 weeks of age, brain aging was comprehensively evaluated through behavioral testing, histopathological examination, and telomere assessment. The results revealed that prolonged low-level exposure to the Pb, Hg, and Cd mixture compromised telomeric function by shortening telomere length, inhibiting telomerase activity, and induced neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions. Additionally, Golgi staining revealed disrupted dendritic spines in the hippocampus and altered spine-related signaling pathways (Snk-SPAR pathway). Furthermore, behavioral testing showed that exposure to this mixture impaired spatial memory and social cognition. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to low levels of Pb, Hg, and Cd accelerated brain aging by causing hippocampal telomere dysfunction, neuronal loss, dendritic degeneration, and cognitive decline in rats. These findings offer novel insights into the potential neurotoxic effects of chronic exposure to low-level of Pb, Hg, and Cd mixtures on neurological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xie
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lu Ouyang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lingyu Yan
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yihong Fu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Qijun Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yuting Xia
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Xinling Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Ziyang Fu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Weipeng Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guihua Du
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Fankun Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chang Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guangqin Fan
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Li H, Jin Z, Gao S, Kuang S, Lei C, Nie Z. Precise detection of G-quadruplexs in living systems: principles, applications, and perspectives. Chem Sci 2025:d5sc00918a. [PMID: 40417301 PMCID: PMC12096178 DOI: 10.1039/d5sc00918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 05/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical nucleic acid secondary structures that play a crucial role in regulating essential cellular processes such as replication, transcription, and translation. The formation of G4s is dynamically controlled by the physiological state of the cell. Accurate detection of G4 structures in live cells, as well as studies of their dynamic changes and the kinetics of specific G4s, are essential for understanding their biological roles, exploring potential links between aberrant G4 expression and disease, and developing G4-targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This perspective briefly overviews G4 formation mechanisms and their known biological functions. We then summarize the leading techniques and methodologies available for G4 detection, discussing the principles and applications of each approach. In addition, we outline strategies for the global detection of intracellular G4s, methods for conformational recognition, and approaches for targeting specific sequences. Finally, we discuss the technical limitations and challenges currently facing the field of G4 detection and offer perspectives on potential future directions. We hope this review will inspire further research into the biological functions of G4s and their applications in disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Zelong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
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7
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Shibuya H. Telomeres, the nuclear lamina, and membrane remodeling: Orchestrating meiotic chromosome movements. J Cell Biol 2025; 224:e202412135. [PMID: 40261310 PMCID: PMC12013511 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202412135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2025] [Accepted: 04/03/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, the DNA-protein complex located at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes, not only safeguard genetic information from DNA erosion and aberrant activation of the DNA damage response pathways but also play a pivotal role in sexual reproduction. During meiotic prophase I, telomeres attach to the nuclear envelope and migrate along its surface, facilitating two-dimensional DNA homology searches that ensure precise pairing and recombination of the paternal and maternal chromosomes. Recent studies across diverse model systems have revealed intricate molecular mechanisms, including modifications to telomere- and nuclear envelope-binding proteins, the nuclear lamina, and even membrane composition. Emerging evidence reveals mutations in the genes encoding these meiotic telomere and nuclear envelope-associated proteins among infertile patients. This review highlights recent advances in the field of meiotic telomere research, particularly emphasizing mammalian model systems, contextualizes these findings through comparisons with other eukaryotes, and concludes by exploring potential future research directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shibuya
- Laboratory for Gametogenesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Quach TK, Taylor MF, Currie PD, Eynon N, Ruparelia AA. Skeletal Muscle Aging: Lessons From Teleosts. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2025; 80:glae052. [PMID: 38367020 PMCID: PMC12080710 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for a multitude of age-related diseases including sarcopenia-the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength-which occurs at remarkable rates each year. There is an unmet need not only to understand the mechanisms that drive sarcopenia but also to identify novel therapeutic strategies. Given the ease and affordability of husbandry, along with advances in genomics, genome editing technologies, and imaging capabilities, teleost models are increasingly used for aging and sarcopenia research. Here, we explain how teleost species such as zebrafish, African turquoise killifish, and medaka recapitulate many of the classical hallmarks of sarcopenia, and discuss the various dietary, pharmacological, and genetic approaches that have been used in teleosts to understand the mechanistic basis of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyen K Quach
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan F Taylor
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- EMBL Australia, Victorian Node, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Avnika A Ruparelia
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (Biological Sciences Section)
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9
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Antoniades E, Keffes N, Vorri S, Tsitouras V, Gkantsinikoudis N, Tsitsopoulos P, Magras J. The Molecular Basis of Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Review with Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:1566. [PMID: 40361492 PMCID: PMC12071314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17091566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2025] [Revised: 04/27/2025] [Accepted: 04/29/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid malignancy in the pediatric population. These lesions are the result of the aberrant cell signaling step proteins, which normally regulate cell proliferation. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and tyrosine kinase receptors are involved in tumorigenesis of low-grade gliomas. High-grade gliomas may carry similar mutations, but loss of epigenetic control is the dominant molecular event; it can occur either due to histone mutations or inappropriate binding or unbinding of DNA on histones. Therefore, despite the absence of genetic alteration in the classic oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, uncontrolled transcription results in tumorigenesis. Isocitric dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations do not predominate compared to their adult counterpart. Embryonic tumors include medulloblastomas, which bear mutations of transcription-regulating pathways, such as wingless-related integration sites or sonic hedgehog pathways. They may also relate to high expression of Myc family genes. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors harbor alterations of molecules that contribute to ATP hydrolysis of chromatin. Embryonic tumors with multilayered rosettes are associated with microRNA mutations and impaired translation. Ependymomas exhibit great variability. As far as supratentorial lesions are concerned, the major events are mutations either of NFkB or Hippo pathways. Posterior fossa tumors are further divided into two types with different prognoses. Type A group is associated with mutations of DNA damage repair molecules. Lastly, germ cell tumors are a heterogeneous group. Among them, germinomas manifest KIT receptor mutations, a subgroup of the tyrosine kinase receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Antoniades
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, Aristotle University School of Medicine, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.K.); (V.T.); (N.G.); (P.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Nikolaos Keffes
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, Aristotle University School of Medicine, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.K.); (V.T.); (N.G.); (P.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Stamatia Vorri
- New York City Health and Hospital—Jacobi Medical Center Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Vassilios Tsitouras
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, Aristotle University School of Medicine, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.K.); (V.T.); (N.G.); (P.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Nikolaos Gkantsinikoudis
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, Aristotle University School of Medicine, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.K.); (V.T.); (N.G.); (P.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Parmenion Tsitsopoulos
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, Aristotle University School of Medicine, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.K.); (V.T.); (N.G.); (P.T.); (J.M.)
| | - John Magras
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, Aristotle University School of Medicine, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.K.); (V.T.); (N.G.); (P.T.); (J.M.)
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10
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Lanna A. Unexpected links between cancer and telomere state. Semin Cancer Biol 2025; 110:46-55. [PMID: 39952372 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2025.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 01/05/2025] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Eukaryotes possess chromosome ends known as telomeres. As telomeres shorten, organisms age, a process defined as senescence. Although uncontrolled telomere lengthening has been naturally connected with cancer developments and immortalized state, many cancers are instead characterized by extremely short, genomically unstable telomeres that may hide cancer cells from immune attack. By contrast, other malignancies feature extremely long telomeres due to absence of 'shelterin' end cap protecting factors. The reason for rampant telomere extension in these cancers had remained elusive. Hence, while telomerase supports tumor progression and escape in cancers with very short telomeres, it is possible that different - transfer based or alternative - lengthening pathways be involved in the early stage of tumorigenesis, when telomere length is intact. In this Review, I hereby discuss recent discoveries in the field of telomeres and highlight unexpected links connecting cancer and telomere state. We hope these parallelisms may inform new therapies to eradicate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lanna
- Sentcell UK laboratories, Tuscany Life Sciences, GSK Vaccine Campus, Siena, Italy; University College London, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Monte-Carlo, Principality of Monaco, France.
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Stolc V, Preto O, Karhanek M, Freund F, Griko Y, Loftus DJ, Ohayon MM. RNA-DNA Differences: Mechanisms, Oxidative Stress, Transcriptional Fidelity, and Health Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2025; 14:544. [PMID: 40427426 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14050544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2025] [Revised: 03/29/2025] [Accepted: 04/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
RNA-DNA differences (RDDs) challenge the traditional view of RNA as a faithful copy of DNA, arising through RNA editing, transcriptional errors, and oxidative damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role, inducing lesions like 8-oxo-guanine that compromise transcription and translation, leading to dysfunctional proteins. This review explores the biochemical basis of RDDs, their exacerbation under oxidative stress, and their dual roles in cellular adaptation and disease. RDDs contribute to genomic instability and are implicated in cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune diseases, while also driving phenotypic diversity. Drawing on terrestrial and spaceflight studies, we highlight the intersection of oxidative stress, RDD formation, and cellular dysfunction, proposing innovative mitigation approaches. Advancements in RDD detection and quantification, along with ROS management therapies, offer new avenues to restore cellular homeostasis and promote resilience. By positioning RDDs as a hallmark of genomic entropy, this review underscores the limits of biological adaptation. Furthermore, the prevalence of guanine-rich codons in antioxidant genes increases their susceptibility to ROS-induced oxidative lesions, linking redox stress, genomic instability, and constrained adaptation. These insights have profound implications for understanding aging, disease progression, and adaptive mechanisms in both terrestrial and space environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Stolc
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Ondrej Preto
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miloslav Karhanek
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Yuri Griko
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | | | - Maurice M Ohayon
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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12
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Yang B, Bi J, Zeng W, Chen M, Yao Z, Cheng S, Jiang Z, Zhang C, Liao H, Gu X, Xian Z, Yu Y. Causal effect between telomere length and thirteen types of cancer in Asian population: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2025; 37:134. [PMID: 40299209 PMCID: PMC12041116 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-025-03046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and the risk of developing various cancers has always been controversial and predominantly focused on European populations. Hence, Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied to the Asian population to explore the causal relationships between LTL and the risk of developing various cancers. METHODS We explored the causal connection between LTL and the risk of developing thirteen types of cancer in Asian populations using freely available genetic variation data. The primary analytical method employed was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, complemented by sensitivity and validation analyses. Following Bonferroni correction, P < 0.0038 was considered to indicate statistical significance, and P values ranging from 0.0038 to 0.05 were considered to indicate a nominally significant association. RESULTS The findings indicated significant positive associations between LTL and the risk of developing lung cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 1.6009, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3056-1.9629, P = 6.08 × 10-6] and prostate cancer (OR = 1.4200, 95% CI 1.1489-1.7550, P = 0.0012). Additionally, there was a nominally significant association between LTL and the risk of developing hematological malignancy (OR = 1.5119, 95% CI 1.0810-2.1146, P = 0.0157). No statistically significant relationships between LTL and the risk of developing the other ten kinds of cancer were detected. No causal link between the risk of developing various cancers and LTL was discovered. CONCLUSIONS Asians with longer telomeres are more prone to developing lung and prostate cancer. There is also a nominally significant association between longer telomeres and the risk of developing hematological malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Junming Bi
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Weinan Zeng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515000, China
| | - Mingquan Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zhihao Yao
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Shouyu Cheng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Changzheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Hangyu Liao
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiaokang Gu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zhiyong Xian
- Department of Urology, Ganzhou Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital's Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China.
| | - Yuming Yu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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13
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Udutha S, Taglang C, Batsios G, Gillespie AM, Tran M, Hoeve JT, Graeber TG, Viswanath P. Combined inhibition of de novo glutathione and nucleotide biosynthesis is synthetically lethal in glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2025; 44:115596. [PMID: 40253695 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2025] [Indexed: 04/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms by which oncogenic events alter metabolism will help identify metabolic weaknesses that can be targeted for therapy. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is essential for telomere maintenance in most cancers. Here, we show that TERT acts via the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) to upregulate glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC), the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH, reduced) in multiple cancer models, including glioblastoma (GBM). Genetic ablation of GCLC or pharmacological inhibition using buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) reduces GSH synthesis from [U-13C]-glutamine in GBMs. However, GCLC inhibition drives de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis by upregulating the glutamine-utilizing enzymes glutaminase (GLS) and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotatase (CAD) in an MYC-driven manner. Combining BSO with the glutamine antagonist JHU-083 is synthetically lethal in vitro and in vivo and significantly extends the survival of mice bearing intracranial GBM xenografts. Collectively, our studies advance our understanding of oncogene-induced metabolic vulnerabilities in GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Udutha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Céline Taglang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Georgios Batsios
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne Marie Gillespie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meryssa Tran
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johanna Ten Hoeve
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Sanz-Moreno A, Becker L, Xie K, da Silva-Buttkus P, Dragano NRV, Aguilar-Pimentel A, Amarie OV, Calzada-Wack J, Kraiger M, Leuchtenberger S, Seisenberger C, Marschall S, Rathkolb B, Scifo E, Liu T, Thanabalasingam A, Sanchez-Vazquez R, Martinez P, Blasco MA, Savage SA, Fuchs H, Ehninger D, Gailus-Durner V, de Angelis MH. Loss of Ten1 in mice induces telomere shortening and models human dyskeratosis congenita. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2025; 11:eadp8093. [PMID: 40215293 PMCID: PMC11988282 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp8093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
Telomere length regulation is essential for genome stability as short telomeres can trigger cellular senescence and apoptosis constituting an integral aspect of biological aging. Telomere biology disorders (TBDs) such as dyskeratosis congenita (DC) are rare, inherited diseases with known mutations in at least 16 different genes encoding components of the telomere maintenance complexes. The precise role of TEN1, part of the CST complex (CTC1, STN1, and TEN1), and the consequences of its loss of function in vivo are not yet known. We investigated the first viable murine model of Ten1 deficiency created by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated exon 3 deletion. Ten1 homozygous knockout mice present with telomere attrition, short life span, skin hyperpigmentation, aplastic anemia, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Molecular analyses revealed a reduction of proliferating cells, increased apoptosis, and stem cell depletion with activation of the p53/p21 signaling pathway. Our data demonstrate that Ten1 deficiency causes telomere shortening and associates with accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Sanz-Moreno
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kan Xie
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Patricia da Silva-Buttkus
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nathalia R. V. Dragano
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oana V. Amarie
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Calzada-Wack
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Kraiger
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Leuchtenberger
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Seisenberger
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susan Marschall
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Feodor-Lynen Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Enzo Scifo
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ting Liu
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anoja Thanabalasingam
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Raul Sanchez-Vazquez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group–Fundación Humanismo y Ciencia, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Paula Martinez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group–Fundación Humanismo y Ciencia, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Maria A. Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group–Fundación Humanismo y Ciencia, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Sharon A. Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Valérie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabê de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354 Freising, Germany
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15
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Kramna D, Machaczka O, Riedlova P, Janulkova T, Ostrizkova S, Siemiatkowski G, Osrodka L, Krajny E, Jirik V. Exploring the relationship between air pollution and telomere length: Baseline findings from a comprehensive ambispective cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2025; 267:114577. [PMID: 40220459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2025] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length is a biomarker of cellular aging, influenced by various environmental and lifestyle factors. Air pollution is a known environmental stressor that may impact telomere dynamics. This study aimed to investigate the effect of age, lifetime exposure to air pollution, inflammatory parameters and selected lifestyle factors on telomere length. METHODS The study included 356 participants aged 35-65 living in two regions with varying pollution. Telomere length was measured using qPCR. Individual lifetime exposures to PM10, PM2.5, NO2, benzo(a)pyrene and benzene were calculated based on historical air quality data. Statistical analysis of age, pollution exposure, inflammatory parameters, and lifestyle factors on telomere length was performed using logistic regression and generalized linear models, with odds ratios calculated. RESULTS Unexpectedly, higher air pollutants lifetime exposures were associated with longer telomeres, particularly for PM10 51-55 μg/m3 (OR = 5.67, p < 0.001), PM2.5 42-45 μg/m3 (OR = 6.56, p < 0.001), B(a)P 6.9-8.3 ng/m3 (OR = 5.25, p = 0.002), NO2 26-27 μg/m3 (OR = 5.22, p = 0.001) and benzene 2.45-2.75 μg/m3 (OR = 6.13, p < 0.001). Age significantly affected telomere length, with older individuals having shorter telomeres. Socioeconomic factors such as college education were positively associated with longer telomeres, while lifestyle factors did not show significant associations. IL-8 was identified as a significant inflammatory marker negatively associated with very long telomeres. CONCLUSION These baseline findings bring new perspective to the relationship between air pollution and telomere length. Contrary to traditional views, the results suggest potential adaptive responses, highlighting the need for further longitudinal research to explore telomere dynamics over time in conjunction with other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Kramna
- Centre for Epidemiological Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Machaczka
- Centre for Epidemiological Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Riedlova
- Centre for Epidemiological Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Janulkova
- Centre for Epidemiological Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Ostrizkova
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | | - Leszek Osrodka
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management National Research Institute, 01-673, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Krajny
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management National Research Institute, 01-673, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vitezslav Jirik
- Centre for Epidemiological Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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16
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Yan H, Han J, Jin S, Han Z, Si Z, Yan S, Xuan L, Yu G, Guan X, Fang L, Wang K, Zhang T. Post-polyploidization centromere evolution in cotton. Nat Genet 2025; 57:1021-1030. [PMID: 40033059 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-025-02115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) accounts for more than 90% of the world's cotton production and, as an allotetraploid, is a model plant for polyploid crop domestication. In the present study, we reported a complete telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome assembly of Upland cotton accession Texas Marker-1 (T2T-TM-1), which has a total size of 2,299.6 Mb, and annotated 79,642 genes. Based on T2T-TM-1, interspecific centromere divergence was detected between the A- and D-subgenomes and their corresponding diploid progenitors. Centromere-associated repetitive sequences (CRCs) were found to be enriched for Gypsy-like retroelements. Centromere size expansion, repositioning and structure variations occurred post-polyploidization. It is interesting that CRC homologs were transferred from the diploid D-genome progenitor to the D-subgenome, invaded the A-subgenome and then underwent post-tetraploidization proliferation. This suggests an evolutionary advantage for the CRCs of the D-genome progenitor, presents a D-genome-adopted inheritance of centromere repeats after polyploidization and shapes the dynamic centromeric landscape during polyploidization in polyploid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Plant Factory Generation-adding Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinlei Han
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shangkun Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Plant Factory Generation-adding Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zegang Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Plant Factory Generation-adding Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanfeng Si
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Plant Factory Generation-adding Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunyi Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Plant Factory Generation-adding Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Xuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Plant Factory Generation-adding Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangrun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xueying Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Plant Factory Generation-adding Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Plant Factory Generation-adding Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Plant Factory Generation-adding Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China.
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17
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Fostitsch AJ, Schwarzer G, Buchgeister M, Surbeck W, Lahmann C, Spiegelhalder K, Frase L, Spieler D. The association between sleep quality and telomere attrition: A systematic review and meta-analysis comprising 400,212 participants. Sleep Med Rev 2025; 80:102073. [PMID: 40107013 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Psychosocial stressors accelerate telomere attrition, a biomarker of cell aging, whereas good sleep is hypothesized to be a mitigating factor. However, methodological aspects - particularly underpowered studies, inconsistent findings, and multiple approaches to assessing sleep - demonstrate the need for a meta-analysis. After PROSPERO registration, we conducted a systematical search of the following databases until June 2024 to identify studies examining the relationship between sleep quality and telomere length in adult humans: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. In total, 29 studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines (PRISMA), 19 of which provided data that was appropriate for meta-analytic calculations. We identified the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) global score (odds ratio (OR) 1.24, CI 95 % [1.03; 1.50], p = 0.02), sleep-related daytime impairments (OR 1.01 [1.00; 1.02], p = 0.04), and wake after sleep onset (WASO) time (OR 1.28 [1.12; 1.47], p < 0.01) as to be significantly associated with telomere attrition. Thus, the subtle telomere attrition-mitigating role of sleep has been demonstrated based on a sufficiently large body of data and defined aspects of sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Jocelyn Fostitsch
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Guido Schwarzer
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Maria Buchgeister
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Werner Surbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claas Lahmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lukas Frase
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Derek Spieler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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18
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Giunco S, Petrara MR, Indraccolo S, Ciminale V, De Rossi A. Beyond Telomeres: Unveiling the Extratelomeric Functions of TERT in B-Cell Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:1165. [PMID: 40227701 PMCID: PMC11987798 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17071165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2025] [Revised: 03/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
The reactivation of telomerase enables cancer cells to maintain the telomere length, bypassing replicative senescence and achieving cellular immortality. In addition to its canonical role in telomere maintenance, accumulating evidence highlights telomere-length-independent functions of TERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase. These extratelomeric functions involve the regulation of signaling pathways and transcriptional networks, creating feed-forward loops that promote cancer cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and disease progression. This review explores the complex mechanisms by which TERT modulates key signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, AKT, and MYC, highlighting its role in driving autonomous cancer cell growth and resistance to therapy in B-cell malignancies. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting TERT's extratelomeric functions. Unlike telomere-directed approaches, which may require prolonged treatment to achieve effective telomere erosion, inhibiting TERT's extratelomeric functions offers the prospect of rapid tumor-specific effects. This strategy could complement existing chemotherapeutic regimens, providing an innovative and effective approach to managing B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giunco
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.G.); (S.I.); (V.C.)
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Maria Raffaella Petrara
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Stefano Indraccolo
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.G.); (S.I.); (V.C.)
- Basic and Translational Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.G.); (S.I.); (V.C.)
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Anita De Rossi
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.G.); (S.I.); (V.C.)
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19
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Li Q, Liu H. Investigating the Prognostic Role of Telomerase-Related Cellular Senescence Gene Signatures in Breast Cancer Using Machine Learning. Biomedicines 2025; 13:826. [PMID: 40299459 PMCID: PMC12024799 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2025] [Revised: 03/24/2025] [Accepted: 03/29/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Telomeres and cellular senescence are critical biological processes implicated in cancer development and progression, including breast cancer, through their influence on genomic stability and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Methods: This study integrated bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data to establish a gene signature associated with telomere maintenance and cellular senescence for prognostic prediction in breast cancer. Telomere-related genes (TEGs) and senescence-associated genes were curated from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. A comprehensive machine learning framework incorporating 101 algorithmic combinations across 10 survival modeling approaches, including random survival forests and ridge regression, was employed to develop a robust prognostic model. Results: A set of 19 key telomere- and senescence-related genes was identified as the optimal prognostic signature. The model demonstrated strong predictive accuracy and was successfully validated in multiple independent cohorts. Functional enrichment analyses indicated significant associations with immune responses and aging-related pathways. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed marked cellular heterogeneity, identifying distinct subpopulations (fibroblasts and immune cells) with divergent risk scores and biological pathway activity. Additionally, pseudo-time trajectory analysis and intercellular communication mapping provided insights into the dynamic evolution of the tumor microenvironment. Immunohistochemical (IHC) validation using data from the Human Protein Atlas confirmed differential protein expression between normal and tumor tissues for several of the selected genes, reinforcing their biological relevance and clinical utility. Conclusions: This study presents a novel 19-gene telomere- and senescence-associated signature with strong prognostic value in breast cancer. These findings enhance our understanding of tumor heterogeneity and may inform precision oncology approaches and future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China;
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20
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Hsieh SC, Fülöp M, Schargel R, Petassi MT, Barabas O, Peters JE. Telomeric transposons are pervasive in linear bacterial genomes. Science 2025; 387:eadp1973. [PMID: 40048552 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2025]
Abstract
Eukaryotes have linear DNA, and their telomeres are hotspots for transposons, which in some cases took over telomere maintenance. We identified several families of independently evolved telomeric transposons in linear chromosomes and plasmids of cyanobacteria and Streptomyces. Although these elements have one specific transposon end sequence, with the second boundary being the telomere, we can show that they move using two transposon ends, likely when transiently bridged by the telomere maintenance systems. Mobilization of the element and the associated telomere allows replacement of native telomeres, making the host cell dependent on the new transposon telomere system for genome maintenance. This work indicates how telomeric transposons can promote gene transfer both between and within genomes, substantially influencing the evolutionary dynamics of linear genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Chi Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Máté Fülöp
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Orsolya Barabas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph E Peters
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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21
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Terra ML, Sant’Anna TBF, de Barros JJF, de Araujo NM. Geographic and Viral Etiology Patterns of TERT Promoter and CTNNB1 Exon 3 Mutations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:2889. [PMID: 40243493 PMCID: PMC11988703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26072889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2025] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Genetic alterations play a critical role in hepatocarcinogenesis, with mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp) and CTNNB1 exon 3 representing two of the most frequently reported somatic events in HCC. However, the frequency and distribution of these mutations vary across geographic regions and viral etiologies, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study aimed to assess the global distribution and etiological associations of TERTp and CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations in HCC through a comprehensive literature review. Our analysis, encompassing over 4000 HCC cases, revealed that TERTp mutations were present in 49.2% of tumors, with C228T being the predominant variant (93.3% among mutated cases). A striking contrast was observed between viral etiologies: TERTp mutations were detected in 31.6% of HBV-related HCCs, compared to 66.2% in HCV-related cases. CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations were identified in 23.1% of HCCs, showing a similar association with viral etiology, being more common in HCV-related cases (30.7%) than in HBV-related tumors (12.8%). Geographically, both mutations exhibited comparable patterns, with higher frequencies in Europe, Japan, and the USA, while lower rates were observed in China, Taiwan, and South Korea. Our findings underscore the distinct molecular profiles of HCC according to viral etiology and geographic origin, highlighting the need for region- and etiology-specific approaches to HCC prevention, diagnosis, and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natalia Motta de Araujo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.L.T.); (T.B.F.S.); (J.J.F.d.B.)
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22
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Izadi H. Endocrine and enzymatic shifts during insect diapause: a review of regulatory mechanisms. Front Physiol 2025; 16:1544198. [PMID: 40161974 PMCID: PMC11949959 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1544198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Insect diapause is a vital survival strategy that enables insects to enter a state of suspended development, allowing them to withstand unfavorable environmental conditions. During diapause, insects significantly lower their metabolic rate and build up energy reserves, which they gradually utilize throughout this period. The regulation of diapause involves a complex interaction of hormones and enzymes. Juvenile hormones (JHs) affect adults and larvae differently; in adults, the absence of JH typically triggers diapause, while in larvae, the presence of JH encourages this state. Ecdysteroids, which regulate molting and metamorphosis, are carefully controlled to prevent premature development. Reduced signaling of insulin-like peptides enhances stress resistance and promotes energy storage. Several enzymes play crucial roles in the metabolic adjustments necessary for diapause. These adjustments include the degradation of JH, the ecdysteroidogenic pathway, and the metabolism of fatty acids, glycogen, cryoprotectants, and stress responses. Understanding diapause's molecular and biochemical mechanisms is essential for fundamental entomological research and practical applications. Despite recent advances, many aspects of diapause regulation, especially the interactions among hormonal pathways and the role of enzymes, remain poorly understood. This review analyzes approximately 250 papers to consolidate current knowledge on the enzymatic and hormonal regulation of diapause. It offers a comprehensive overview of key processes based on recent studies and suggests future research directions to fill gaps in our understanding of this significant biological phenomenon. The review also lays the groundwork for enhancing pest control strategies and ecological conservation by deepening our understanding of diapause mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Izadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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23
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Bosco A, Lopez A. Navigating the maze of active ageing measurement: untangling methodological and theoretical issues in the UJACAS questionnaire. Aging Clin Exp Res 2025; 37:83. [PMID: 40074980 PMCID: PMC11903560 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-025-02953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
Active Ageing (AA) involves maintaining engagement in physical, social, and mental activities in older adulthood, reflecting societal values and political agendas. Despite various measurement tools, there is no universal standard. The University of Jyväskylä Active Ageing Scale (UJACAS) is increasingly used in Europe but faces inconsistencies from varying response scales across versions. This perspective paper examines these discrepancies and proposes a refined model for AA measurement, emphasizing the dimensions of motivation, ability, opportunity, and activity frequency. The goal is to improve the accuracy of AA assessments by adjusting for personal and environmental limitations, ensuring a fair evaluation that captures the complexities of ageing. The proposed adjustments to the UJACAS scoring model include recalibrating the equation to account for personal and environmental limitations, integrating motivation as a separate measure, and exploring adaptive methodologies to ensure fairer and more nuanced assessments of Active Ageing, particularly for individuals facing disabilities or obstacles. By addressing these issues, this perspective paper aims to enhance the effectiveness of AA tools for older adults. Moreover, adopting these methodological challenges has significant societal implications. Precise measurement of AA is essential for tailoring interventions to the needs of diverse older populations and for designing policies that promote inclusive, healthy and safe ageing. Enhancing the accuracy of AA assessments can inform strategies that empower older adults, mitigate disparities, and foster resilience in ageing communities. This study highlights the necessity of advancing AA measurement frameworks to support evidence-based decisions in public health and social policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bosco
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Lopez
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
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24
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Huang X, Huang L, Lu J, Cheng L, Wu D, Li L, Zhang S, Lai X, Xu L. The relationship between telomere length and aging-related diseases. Clin Exp Med 2025; 25:72. [PMID: 40044947 PMCID: PMC11882723 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-025-01608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025]
Abstract
The intensifying global phenomenon of an aging population has spurred a heightened emphasis on studies on aging and disorders associated with aging. Cellular senescence and aging are known to be caused by telomere shortening. Telomere length (TL) has emerged as a biomarker under intense scrutiny, and its widespread use in investigations of diseases tied to advancing age. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the association between telomeres and aging-related diseases, explores the important contribution of dysfunctional telomeres to the development and progression of these diseases, and aims to provide valuable insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanqi Huang
- Hangzhou Normal University School of Nursing, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyi Huang
- Hangzhou Normal University School of Nursing, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaweng Lu
- Hangzhou Normal University School of Nursing, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Cheng
- Hangzhou Normal University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Du Wu
- Hangzhou Wuyunshan Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linmeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Hangzhou Normal University School of Nursing, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Lai
- Hangzhou Normal University School of Nursing, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Hangzhou Normal University School of Nursing, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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25
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Chou YS, Logeswaran D, Chow CN, L. Dunn P, Podlevsky JD, Liu T, Akhter K, Chen JJL. A degenerate telomerase RNA directs telomeric DNA synthesis in lepidopteran insects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2025; 122:e2424443122. [PMID: 40020192 PMCID: PMC11892584 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2424443122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 03/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Telomerase elongates telomeres to maintain chromosome stability in most eukaryotes. Despite extensive studies across eukaryotic kingdoms, the telomerase holoenzyme in arthropods remains poorly understood. In this study, we purify the telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex from the lepidopteran insect Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) and identify a copurified 135-nucleotide telomerase RNA (TR) component. This miniature S. frugiperda TR (sfTR), the smallest TR known to date, retains a universal pseudoknot structure and a structurally defined template. Despite its small size, sfTR assembles with the recombinant S. frugiperda telomerase reverse transcriptase (sfTERT) protein in vivo to reconstitute telomerase activity for the synthesis of insect telomeric DNA repeats (TTAGG)n. The sfTR gene, like other animal TR genes, features an snRNA-type RNA polymerase II promoter. Uniquely, the sfTR transcript harbors a 5'-7-methylguanosine (M7G) cap, as opposed to the more typical snRNA-type 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap. The difference in 5'-cap is likely because sfTR lacks the H/ACA snoRNA biogenesis domain necessary for cap hypermethylation. Moreover, sfTR also lacks the CR4/5 regulatory domain that is indispensable in vertebrate TRs for telomerase activity. This degenerate sfTR complements an enigmatic sfTERT that is missing certain telomerase-specific elements yet catalytically active in the absence of sfTR. Thus, insects have evolved a simplified telomerase, consisting of a small noncoding RNA that retains only minimal attributes essential for telomerase function. The simplified insect telomerase demonstrates a plausible evolutionary pathway for the emergence of telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex, arising from an ancient reverse transcriptase associated with a simple templating RNA component in early eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shu Chou
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85281
| | | | - Chi-Nga Chow
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85281
| | - Phoebe L. Dunn
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85281
| | | | - Tianxiang Liu
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85281
| | - Khadiza Akhter
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85281
| | - Julian J.-L. Chen
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85281
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26
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Chen D, Xiang Y, Wu D, Wang H, Huang Y, Xiao H. Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Neuronal Damage and Neurological Deficits after Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Restoring Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase. Cell Biochem Biophys 2025; 83:717-727. [PMID: 39235509 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, and to clarify the regulatory mechanism related to telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)-mediated telomerase activity. A Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) animal model was constructed and rats were treated by EA invention at the Baihui (GV20) and Fengchi (GB20) acupoints. Neurological deficits were assessed via rotarod test and Morris water maze test. 2,3,5-Triphenyltertrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed to evaluate infarct volume. Histological changes were observed under H&E staining and Nissl staining. TERT expression was examined using qRT-PCR and western blot. Telomerase activity was assessed with TRAP method. Neuron apoptosis and senescence were assessed by TUNEL and immunofluorescence assays. Inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-indicators were examined using commercial kits. EA intervention at both GV20 and GB20 acupoints reduced infarct volumes (2.48 ± 1.89 vs. 29.56 ± 2.55), elevated the telomerase activity (0.84 ± 0.08 vs. 0.34 ± 0.09), and upregulated the levels of total TERT protein (0.61 ± 0.09 vs. 0.21 ± 0.05) and mitochondrial TERT (Mito-TERT; 0.54 ± 0.03 vs. 0.27 ± 0.03) in hippocampus tissues of MCAO/R rats. EA intervention attenuated motor dysfunction (112.00 ± 6.69 vs. 30.02 ± 2.60) and improved spatial learning (23.87 ± 1.90 vs. 16.23 ± 1.45) and memory ability (8.38 ± 1.06 vs. 4.13 ± 1.13) of rats with cerebral I/R injury. In addition, EA intervention significantly attenuated histopathological changes of injured neurons, mitigated neuron apoptosis (32.27 ± 5.52 vs. 65.83 ± 4.31) and senescence in MCAO/R rats, as well as inhibited excessive production of inflammatory cytokines and attenuated oxidative stress. However, the above therapeutic efficiency of EA intervention in MCAO/R rats was partly eliminated by TERT knockdown. EA intervention at GB20 and GV20 acupoints exerted a protective role in cerebral I/R injury partly through restoring TERT function, implying the clinical potential of EA treatment in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuancheng People's Hospital, Xuancheng, Anhui, China
| | - Yunxia Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuancheng People's Hospital, Xuancheng, Anhui, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuancheng People's Hospital, Xuancheng, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuancheng People's Hospital, Xuancheng, Anhui, China
| | - Yaping Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuancheng People's Hospital, Xuancheng, Anhui, China
| | - Hongbo Xiao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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27
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Myers KC, Davies SM, Lutzko C, Wahle R, Grier DD, Aubert G, Norris K, Baird DM, Koga M, Ko AC, Amano T, Amano M, Yu H, Ko MSH. Clinical Use of ZSCAN4 for Telomere Elongation in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. NEJM EVIDENCE 2025; 4:EVIDoa2400252. [PMID: 39998303 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2400252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremely short telomeres in patients with dyskeratosis congenita and related telomere biology disorders (TBDs) lead to premature cellular senescence and bone marrow failure. Zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing 4 (ZSCAN4) elongates telomeres by recombination. METHODS We report a clinical study in which EXG34217, the term given for autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from patients with TBD exposed to a temperature-sensitive Sendai virus vector encoding human ZSCAN4 at 33°C for 24 hours, was infused into patients without preconditioning. RESULTS Four patients were enrolled; two experienced successful CD34+ mobilization during the second mobilization attempt and underwent apheresis and EXG34217 infusion, with follow-up of 5 and 24 months (both ongoing). We observed telomere elongation (1.06- to 1.34-fold) in CD34+ cells ex vivo. In one patient, the treatment was associated with a change in the mean absolute neutrophil count (ANC) from 1.78×103 to 3.18×103 cells/μl; the lymphocyte subpopulation telomere length changed from 3.6 to 6.7 kb (50th percentile for age). In the other patient, the treatment was associated with a change in the lowest ANC from 0.6×103/μl to 1.2×103/μl; this has occurred in 5 months without the patient receiving prior intermittent low-dose granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor injections. During mobilization, all patients experienced mild to moderate bone pain or pain after line replacement, and one patient had a blood infection associated with fever and hypoxemia. After EXG34217 infusion, no acute safety issues were noted; in one patient mild to moderate long-term cardiac and pulmonary adverse events were noted; these were similar to symptoms of the patient's underlying conditions. CONCLUSIONS Although definitive conclusions cannot be drawn from the two EXG34217-treated patients, these results warrant further investigation of CD34+ cells exposed to ZSCAN4 for treating TBDs. (Funded by Elixirgen Therapeutics; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04211714.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasiani C Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
| | - Stella M Davies
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
| | - Carolyn Lutzko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati
| | - Robin Wahle
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
| | - David D Grier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
| | | | - Kevin Norris
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- TeloNostiX, Cardiff, UK
| | - Duncan M Baird
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- TeloNostiX, Cardiff, UK
| | - Minako Koga
- KM Pharmaceutical Consulting, Washington, DC
| | | | | | | | - Hong Yu
- Elixirgen Therapeutics, Baltimore
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28
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Yu X, Zhang H. Biomolecular Condensates in Telomere Maintenance of ALT Cancer Cells. J Mol Biol 2025; 437:168951. [PMID: 39826712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2025.168951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2024] [Revised: 01/03/2025] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway is a telomerase-independent mechanism that utilizes homology-directed repair (HDR) to sustain telomere length in specific cancers. Biomolecular condensates, such as ALT-associated promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (APBs), have emerged as critical players in the ALT pathway, supporting telomere maintenance in ALT-positive cells. These condensates bring together DNA repair proteins, telomeric repeats, and other regulatory elements. By regulating replication stress and promoting DNA synthesis, ALT condensates create an environment conducive to HDR-based telomere extension. This review explores recent advancements in ALT, focusing on understanding the role of biomolecular condensates in ALT and how they impact telomere dynamics and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Yu
- Department of Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Huaiying Zhang
- Department of Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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29
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Cao C, Gong W, Shuai Y, Rasouli S, Ge Q, Khan A, Dakic A, Putluri N, Shvets G, Zheng YL, Daneshdoust D, Mahyoob R, Li J, Liu X. Canonical and non-canonical functions of the non-coding RNA component (TERC) of telomerase complex. Cell Biosci 2025; 15:30. [PMID: 40025596 PMCID: PMC11871756 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-025-01367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025] Open
Abstract
The telomerase complex consists of a protein component (TERT), which has reverse transcriptase activity, and an RNA component (TERC), which serves as a template for telomere synthesis. Evidence is rapidly accumulating regarding the non-canonical functions of these components in both normal or diseased cells. An oligonucleotide-based drug, the first telomerase inhibitor, secured FDA approval in June 2024. We recently summarized the non-canonical functions of TERT in viral infections and cancer. In this review, we expand on these non-canonical functions of TERC beyond telomere maintenance. Specifically, we explore TERC's roles in cellular aging and senescence, immune regulation, genetic diseases, human cancer, as well as involvement in viral infections and host interactions. Finally, we discuss a transcription product of telomere repeats, TERRA, and explore strategies for targeting TERC as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongwen Cao
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Weiyi Gong
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuanlong Shuai
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sara Rasouli
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qianyun Ge
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anam Khan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aleksandra Dakic
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute of Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yun-Ling Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Danyal Daneshdoust
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rani Mahyoob
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jenny Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Departments of Pathology, Urology and Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Song Z, Yu W, Yin X. Identification of telomere-related gene subtypes and prognostic signatures in osteosarcoma. Front Pharmacol 2025; 16:1545913. [PMID: 40070565 PMCID: PMC11893505 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1545913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is the prevalent primary bone cancer, with a high proclivity for local invasion and metastasis. Previous studies have indicated that telomeres are closely related to prognosis of cancer, but the significance of telomere-related features in OS remains uncertain. Thus, the goal of this work is to identified telomere-related subtypes based on the telomere-related genes (TRGs). Methods The data of OS was collected from TARGET and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Firstly, we identified the subtypes mediated by TRGs in OS. Subsequently, we analyzed the immune characteristics of telomeres-related subtypes in OS. Moreover, we built a telomere-related signature via univariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses, and analyzed the correlation of telomere-related signature with TME. Finally, we analyzed the expression of hub TRGs in OS. Results We discovered that TRGs could distinguish OS patients into two telomeres-related subtypes (C1 and C2). The survival rate of OS patients in C2 was inferior to that of patients in C1. The scores of stromal, immune and ESTIMATES were observably increased, and tumor purity was decreased in C1 subtypes compared to C2 subtypes. Differentially expressed genes between C1 and C2 were highly enriched in immune-related pathways. Moreover, C1 and C2 subtypes had different immune characteristic. Furthermore, a telomere prognostic model including six genes (PDK2, PPARG, MORC4, SP110, TERT and MAP3K5) was established to predict the prognosis of OS patients. High-risk group was correlated with inferior prognosis of OS patients, and risk score model was correlated with TME. Finally, we discovered that expression of PDK2, PPARG, MORC4, SP110, TERT and MAP3K5 was significantly decreased in OS cells. Conclusion In conclusion, our study has uncovered the importance of TRGs in defining distinct subtypes of OS with different survival outcomes and immune contexts. The telomere-related signature we developed may serve as a valuable tool for prognosis prediction and could inform future therapeutic strategies targeting the TME in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguang Song
- Department of West Hospital Orthopaedic Trauma, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Wenyan Yu
- Department of General Family Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Xuqing Yin
- Department of East Hospital Orthopaedic Trauma, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
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Zhao WJ, Wang ML, Zhao YF, Zhao WP, Huang QH, Lu ZW, Jia F, Shi JJ, Liu BS, Han WH, Lu HW, Zhang BC, Wang ZX. Pan-cancer analysis reveals SMARCAL1 expression is associated with immune cell infiltration and poor prognosis in various cancers. Sci Rep 2025; 15:6591. [PMID: 39994264 PMCID: PMC11850860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-88955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibition in particular has shown promise in cancer immunotherapy, it is not always efficient. Recent studies suggest that SMARCAL1 may play a role in tumor immune evasion, yet its pan-cancer role is unclear. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of SMARCAL1 using TCGA, GTEx, and CCLE databases, evaluating its expression, genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications, and their clinical correlations across 33 cancer types. Our findings indicate that SMARCAL1 is overexpressed in several cancers, such as Glioma, LUAD, KIRC, and LIHC, impacting prognosis. Elevated SMARCAL1 is linked to poor outcomes in Glioma, LUAD, and LIHC but correlates with better survival in KIRC. We also found significant associations between SMARCAL1 expression and DNA methylation in 13 cancers. Furthermore, SMARCAL1 expression correlates with immune infiltration, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy. This study underscores the need for further research on SMARCAL1 to enhance immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Precision Treatment, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Meng-Lei Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhao
- Jitang College of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Wen-Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Precision Treatment, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Qiong-Hui Huang
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Lu
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Fang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Jin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Precision Treatment, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Bo-Sen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Precision Treatment, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Wan-Hong Han
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Precision Treatment, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Han-Wen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Precision Treatment, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Bing-Chang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Precision Treatment, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhan-Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Precision Treatment, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
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Rajkumar RP. Telomere Dynamics in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Critical Synthesis. Biomedicines 2025; 13:507. [PMID: 40002919 PMCID: PMC11853385 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 01/03/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a mental disorder caused by exposure to traumatic stress, affects 5-10% of the world's population. There is some evidence that PTSD is associated with accelerated cellular aging, leading to an increased risk of medical and neurodegenerative comorbidities. Alterations in telomere length (TL) and telomerase enzyme activity have been proposed as biomarkers of this process. This hypothesis was seemingly confirmed in preliminary research, but more recent studies have yielded mixed results. The current narrative review was conducted to provide a critical synthesis of existing research on telomere length and telomerase in PTSD. Data from 26 clinical studies suggest that TL in PTSD is highly variable and may be influenced by methodological, demographic, trauma-related, and psychosocial factors. There is no evidence for altered telomerase activity in PTSD. In contrast, animal research suggests that exposure to traumatic stress does lead to TL shortening. Overall, it is likely that TL is not, by itself, a reliable biomarker of cellular aging in PTSD. Other markers of cellular senescence, such as epigenetic changes, may prove to be more specific in measuring this process in patients with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Philip Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India
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33
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Bi S, Yang R, Ju H, Liu Y. Dynamic Nanostructure-Based DNA Logic Gates for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Chembiochem 2025; 26:e202400754. [PMID: 39429047 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
DNA logic gates with dynamic nanostructures have made a profound impact on cancer diagnosis and treatment. Through programming the dynamic structure changes of DNA nanodevices, precise molecular recognition with signal amplification and smart therapeutic strategies have been reported. This enhances the specificity and sensitivity of cancer theranostics, and improves diagnosis precision and treatment outcomes. This review explores the basic components of dynamic DNA nanostructures and corresponding DNA logic gates, as well as their applications for cancer diagnosis and therapies. The dynamic DNA nanostructures would contribute to cancer early detection and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ruowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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Shen J, Sun J, Lin S, Du J. Association of leukocyte telomere length with periodontal attachment loss based on a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2025; 25:241. [PMID: 39955535 PMCID: PMC11829534 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-025-05607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has been implicated in various health outcomes, but its association with attachment loss in periodontal health remains underexplored. METHODS A total of 2521 US adults (Age: 61-85; Men: 50.5%) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002) were included in this cross-sectional study. Baseline demographics were obtained from the questionaries, and LTL was determined using a polymerase chain reaction, and periodontal attachment loss was defined according to a professional physical examination. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between LTL, treated as a categorical and continuous variable, and periodontal attachment loss. The sensitivity analysis was verified by subgroup analyse, where interaction terms were used to examine the heterogeneity in associations across different subgroups. RESULTS Compared to the lowest quartile, the highest LTL quartile exhibited a significant positive association with periodontal attachment loss in the fully-adjusted model (β: 1.54 to 1.71, P < 0.05). When LTL was treated as a continuous variable, a positive association persisted in the fully-adjusted model (β: 2.22 to 3.24, P < 0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed a consistent positive association between LTL and periodontal attachment loss. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of a positive association between leukocyte telomere length and attachment loss in periodontal health. Our results suggested that LTL may serve as a potential biomarker for periodontal health, emphasizing the importance of considering telomere length in understanding and managing periodontal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxiang Shen
- Jiangsu College of Nursing. Huai'an, No.9 Technology Avenue, Huai'an, 223005, China
| | - Jingyang Sun
- The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223005, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Jiangsu College of Nursing. Huai'an, No.9 Technology Avenue, Huai'an, 223005, China
| | - Juan Du
- Jiangsu College of Nursing. Huai'an, No.9 Technology Avenue, Huai'an, 223005, China.
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35
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Qin Y, Liu H, Wu H. Cellular Senescence in Health, Disease, and Lens Aging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2025; 18:244. [PMID: 40006057 PMCID: PMC11859104 DOI: 10.3390/ph18020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2025] [Revised: 02/04/2025] [Accepted: 02/09/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that serves as a critical regulator of tissue homeostasis, aging, and disease. While transient senescence contributes to development, wound healing, and tumor suppression, chronic senescence drives inflammation, tissue dysfunction, and age-related pathologies, including cataracts. Lens epithelial cells (LECs), essential for maintaining lens transparency, are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress-induced senescence, which accelerates lens aging and cataract formation. This review examines the dual role of senescence in LEC function and its implications for age-related cataractogenesis, alongside emerging senotherapeutic interventions. Methods: This review synthesizes findings on the molecular mechanisms of senescence, focusing on oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). It explores evidence linking LEC senescence to cataract formation, highlighting key studies on stress responses, DNA damage, and antioxidant defense. Recent advances in senotherapeutics, including senolytics and senomorphics, are analyzed for their potential to mitigate LEC senescence and delay cataract progression. Conclusions: LEC senescence is driven by oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired redox homeostasis. These factors activate senescence path-ways, including p53/p21 and p16/Rb, resulting in cell cycle arrest and SASP-mediated inflammation. The accumulation of senescent LECs reduces regenerative capacity, disrupts lens homeostasis, and contributes to cataractogenesis. Emerging senotherapeutics, such as dasatinib, quercetin, and metformin, show promise in reducing the senescent cell burden and modulating the SASP to preserve lens transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (Y.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Haoxin Liu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (Y.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongli Wu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (Y.Q.); (H.L.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Ullah S, Haider Z, Perera CD, Lee SH, Idrees M, Park S, Kong IK. Epitalon-activated telomerase enhance bovine oocyte maturation rate and post-thawed embryo development. Life Sci 2025; 362:123381. [PMID: 39788414 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2024] [Revised: 01/03/2025] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
Telomerase is highly expressed in oocyte cumulus cells and plays a significant role in follicular development and oocyte maturation. In this study, we hypothesized that in vitro culture conditions may affect telomerase activity during in vitro embryo production (IVP) and that its activation may improve embryo quality. We first examined telomerase protein levels and localization in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes via immunofluorescence assays. The results showed that healthy cumulus-oocyte complexes have the nuclear localization of the telomerase while the degraded cumulus-oocyte complex had reduced telomerase levels and that telomerase was localized in the cytoplasm. We activated telomerase via Epitalon, a tetrapeptide with the amino acid sequence Ala-Glut-Asp-Gly. We observed a significant improvement in the oocyte maturation rate compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, telomerase activity was significantly compromised in post-thawed embryos, and Epitalon treatment significantly improved blastocyst hatching rate and implantation potential (p < 0.05). Moreover, we performed qPCR, reactive oxygen species, and JC-1 (ΔΨm) assays to evaluate the effect of Epitalon on the health of in vitro mature oocytes, cumulus cells, and post-thawed blastocysts, and the result showed that Epitalon highly enhances the quality and health of the oocyte, cumulus cell, and post-thawed blastocyst. Our results suggest that telomerase activation via Epitalon improves bovine in vitro embryo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safeer Ullah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Zaheer Haider
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Chalani Dilshani Perera
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyeon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Park
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea.
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Cao X, Fang L, Jiang Y, Zeng T, Bai S, Li S, Liu Y, Zhong W, Lu C, Yang H. Nanoscale octopus guiding telomere entanglement: An innovative strategy for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Biomaterials 2025; 313:122777. [PMID: 39222545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Telomere length plays a crucial role in cellular aging and the risk of diseases. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells can extend their own survival by maintaining telomere stability through telomere maintenance mechanism. Therefore, regulating the lengths of telomeres have emerged as a promising approach for anti-cancer treatment. In this study, we introduce a nanoscale octopus-like structure designed to induce physical entangling of telomere, thereby efficiently triggering telomere dysfunction. The nanoscale octopus, composed of eight-armed PEG (8-arm-PEG), are functionalized with cell penetrating peptide (TAT) to facilitate nuclear entry and are covalently bound to N-Methyl Mesoporphyrin IX (NMM) to target G-quadruplexes (G4s) present in telomeres. The multi-armed configuration of the nanoscale octopus enables targeted binding to multiple G4s, physically disrupting and entangling numerous telomeres, thereby triggering telomere dysfunction. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that the nanoscale octopus significantly inhibits cancer cell proliferation, induces apoptosis through telomere entanglement, and ultimately suppresses tumor growth. This research offers a novel perspective for the development of innovative anti-cancer interventions and provides potential therapeutic options for targeting telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Cao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyang Fang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zeng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Bai
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Li
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yana Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Wukun Zhong
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huanghao Yang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China.
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Giunco S, Del Mistro A, Morello M, Lidonnici J, Frayle H, Gori S, De Rossi A, Boscolo-Rizzo P. From infection to immortality: The role of HPV and telomerase in head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2025; 161:107169. [PMID: 39755000 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) represent a heterogeneous group of malignancies with multifactorial aetiologies. High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infections, particularly HPV16, and the dysregulation of telomerase activity, specifically through its catalytic subunit, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) are among the key contributors to HNSCC development and progression. HPV promotes oncogenesis via the E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which inactivate tumour suppressors TP53 and RB1, leading to unchecked cellular proliferation. Concurrently, telomerase activation plays a critical role in HNSCC by maintaining telomere length, thus enabling cellular immortality, and facilitating tumour development and progression. The interplay between HPV and telomerase is significant; HPV oncoprotein E6 enhances telomerase activity through multiple regulatory mechanisms, including upregulating TERT expression. Beyond telomere maintenance, TERT influences signalling pathways, cellular metabolism, and the tumour microenvironment, contributing to aggressive tumour behaviour and poor prognosis. This review integrates the roles of HPV and telomerase in HNSCC, focusing on their molecular mechanisms and interactions that drive carcinogenesis and influence disease progression. Understanding the synergistic effects of HPV and TERT in HNSCC may be crucial for risk stratification, prognostic assessment, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting these specific molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giunco
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Annarosa Del Mistro
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Marzia Morello
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lidonnici
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Helena Frayle
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Gori
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Anita De Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Lee J, Choi E, Kim H, Kim YJ, Kim SH. NELL2- PAX7 Transcriptional Cascade Suggests Activation Mechanism for RAD52-Dependent Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres During Malignant Transformation of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: Elongation of Telomeres and Poor Survival. Biomedicines 2025; 13:281. [PMID: 40002695 PMCID: PMC11853032 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: In eukaryotes with a double-stranded linear DNA genome, the loss of terminal DNA during replication is inevitable due to an end-replication problem; here, telomeres serve as a buffer against DNA loss. Thus, the activation of the telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) is a prerequisite for malignant transformation. Methods: We compared neurofibroma (NF, benign) and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) occurring in the same patient with type 1 neurofibromatosis, where each NF-MPNST pair shared the same genetic background and differentiation lineage; this minimizes the genetic bias and contrasts only those changes that are related to malignant transformation. A total of 20 NF-MPNST pairs from 20 NF1 patients were analyzed. Whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS) was conducted to profile the transcriptional relationship, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to measure the telomere length. Results: We identified 22 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the malignant transformation of MPNSTs. Among them, NELL2 activated PAX7, which sequentially activated RAD52, the recombinase of RAD52-dependent alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). RAD52 elongated MPNSTs-telomeres (p = 0.017). Otherwise, neither NELL2 nor PAX7 affected telomere length (p = 0.647 and p = 0.354, respectively). RAD52 increased MPNSTs-telomeres length, independently of NELL2 and PAX7 in multiple analyses (p = 0.021). The group with increased telomere length during the malignant transformation showed inferior overall survival (OS) (HR = 3.809, p = 0.038) to the group without increased telomere length. Accordingly, the group with increased PAX7 showed inferior OS (HR = 4.896, p = 0.046) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) (HR = 9.129, p = 0.007) in comparison to the group without increased PAX7; the group with increased RAD52 showed inferior MFS (HR = 8.669, p = 0.011) in comparison to the group without increased RAD52. Conclusions: We suggest that the NELL2-PAX7 transcriptional cascade activates RAD52-dependent ALT to increase telomere length during the malignant transformation of MPNSTs, resulting in a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoo Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (E.C.); (H.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Eunji Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (E.C.); (H.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Hyoju Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (E.C.); (H.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (E.C.); (H.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Gu W, Li H, Sun L, Shen Z, Wang Y, Hu X, Wu Y, Liu W, Wan CC, Cai Y, Yan T. The RNA-binding protein CMSS1 promotes the progression of non-small cell lung cancer by regulating the telomerase protein subunit hTERT. Life Sci 2025; 361:123321. [PMID: 39710061 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2024] [Revised: 12/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
AIMS High telomerase activity has been detected in over 85 % of tumors, with the activation of hTERT being the most crucial mechanism for re-establishing telomerase activity. Activation of hTERT maintains telomere length in cells, enabling cancer cells to proliferate indefinitely. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism of telomerase activation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear, and post-transcriptional regulation of hTERT could be a potential activation mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS We explored the regulatory impact of CMSS1 on hTERT expression in NSCLC cells using several methods: Yeast three-hybrid system, Reporter gene assay, Western blot, RNA decay assay, and Telomere length measurement. Our analysis revealed significant overexpression of CMSS1 in NSCLC, which correlated with poor prognosis, as determined by bioinformatics and tissue microarray techniques. RNA sequencing analysis showed that CMSS1 knockdown influenced the adhesion capabilities of NSCLC cells. Additionally, potential interacting proteins with CMSS1 were identified through mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. KEY FINDINGS We discovered that CMSS1 regulates hTERT expression in NSCLC cells by binding to the 5' UTR of hTERT mRNA, impacting its mRNA stability and thereby influencing NSCLC progression. RNA-Seq results and adhesion experiments indicated that CMSS1 knockdown disrupts cell adhesion. hTERT also affects cell adhesion in NSCLC, underscoring CMSS1's role as an upstream regulator of hTERT. Mass spectrometry and Co-IP studies suggest potential interactions between CMSS1, RBM34, and DDX5 that further modulate hTERT expression. SIGNIFICANCE These findings indicate that CMSS1 plays a crucial role in NSCLC progression through its interaction with hTERT, making it a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China; Translational Medicine Center, Zhejiang Xinda hospital, School of Medicine & Nursing, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313099, China
| | - Hongshui Li
- The Second People Hospital of Dezhou, Dezhou 253022, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Ziyi Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuanhui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- Translational Medicine Center, Zhejiang Xinda hospital, School of Medicine & Nursing, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313099, China; University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Translational Medicine Center, Zhejiang Xinda hospital, School of Medicine & Nursing, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313099, China; University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Chunpeng Craig Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Yi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Tingdong Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Liu M, Wang C, Wei B. Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and telomere length: the NHANES 1999-2002. Front Cardiovasc Med 2025; 11:1407452. [PMID: 39834735 PMCID: PMC11743546 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1407452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and telomere length (TL) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate their association in a nationally representative US population. Methods Data from 6,342 adults aged ≥20 were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. The NHHR was calculated and categorized into tertiles. TL was measured as the telomere-to-standard reference DNA ratio. Multivariate linear regression and smooth curve fitting were employed to assess the association between NHHR and TL. Results The study population (mean age 45.1 ± 0.4 years, 48.9% male) was stratified into NHHR tertiles. Compared with the lowest NHHR tertile, the highest NHHR tertile was associated with adverse inflammatory and cardiometabolic profiles, including elevated white blood cell counts (6.88 ± 0.07-7.54 ± 0.08 × 109/L) and increased prevalence of hypertension (18.81%-25.71%) and diabetes (3.38%-7.17%). An elevated NHHR was significantly associated with a shorter TL (T/S ratio: 1.09 ± 0.02-1.03 ± 0.02; P = 0.0005). This association remained significant in partially adjusted models but was attenuated in a fully adjusted model. Significant interactions were observed for age and hypertension status. Conclusion This study revealed a linear inverse association between NHHR and TL, suggesting the utility of the NHHR as a novel biomarker for biological aging. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Liu
- Department of Oncology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chendong Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bai Wei
- Department of Oncology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Ye Z, Huang Y, Chen T, Wu Y. Comprehensive analysis of telomere and aging-related signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cardiothorac Surg 2025; 20:31. [PMID: 39757226 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-03337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a high-risk malignancy. Telomeres- (TRGs) and aging-related genes (ARGs) play an important role in cancer progression and prognosis. This study aimed to develop a novel prognostic model combined TRGs and ARGs signatures to predict the prognosis of patients with LUAD. METHODS LUAD patient's sample data and clinical data were obtained from public databases. The prognostic model was constructed and evaluated using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), multivariate Cox analysis, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis. Immune cell infiltration levels were assessed using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Antitumor drugs with significant correlations between drug sensitivity and the expression of prognostic genes were identified using the CellMiner database. The distribution and expression levels of prognostic genes in immune cells were subsequently analyzed based on the TISCH database. RESULTS This study identified eight characteristic genes that are significantly associated with LUAD prognosis and could serve as independent prognostic factors, with the low-risk group demonstrating a more favorable outcome. Additionally, a comprehensive nomogram was developed, showing a high degree of prognostic predictive value. The results from ssGSEA indicated that the low-risk group had higher immune cell infiltration. Ultimately, our findings revealed that the high-risk group exhibited heightened sensitivity to the Linsitinib, whereas the low-risk group demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to the OSI-027 drug. CONCLUSION The risk score exhibited robust prognostic capabilities, offering novel insights for assessing immunotherapy. This will provide a new direction to achieve personalized and precise treatment of LUAD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ye
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Ruian People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital 3, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 35200, China
| | - Yiwei Huang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Ruian People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital 3, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 35200, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Ruian People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital 3, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 35200, China
| | - Youyi Wu
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Ruian People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital 3, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 35200, China.
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Ruian People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital 3, 108 Ruifeng Avenue, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 35200, China.
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Jebaraj BMC. Quantification of Telomere Length in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. Methods Mol Biol 2025; 2909:257-267. [PMID: 40029527 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4442-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
Telomeres are crucial biomarkers of cellular aging and health, providing insights into various physiological and pathological processes. Large variety of methods are described for telomere length measurements, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. This chapter explains a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based method for measuring telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), with special focus on ways to limit variability between qPCR run and improve comparability of telomere length values. With methodology of relative and absolute quantification, troubleshooting tips, and other guidelines, this chapter serves as a resource for researchers to benefit from this cost-effective and high-throughput assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Michael Chelliah Jebaraj
- Division of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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Laouris P, Muñoz-Espín D. Current Methodologies to Assess Cellular Senescence in Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2025; 2906:21-44. [PMID: 40082348 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4426-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays a critical role in cancer, acting as both a tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting mechanism. Senescent cells undergo stable cell-cycle arrest in response to various stressors, including DNA damage and oncogenic signaling, and exhibit a complex secretory phenotype known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can impact the tumor microenvironment. The hallmarks of senescence include cell-cycle arrest, secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, structural changes, and metabolic alterations. These features, while initially suppressing tumorigenesis, can later contribute to cancer progression under certain conditions. Methods for studying senescence in preclinical models include in vitro assays, ex vivo tissue analysis, and in vivo detection techniques. Emerging therapeutic strategies focus on exploiting senescence for cancer treatment, particularly through the use of senolytic agents that selectively eliminate senescent cells and senomorphic compounds that modulate SASP activity. However, the identification of reliable and universal biomarkers for senescence remains a challenge, necessitating a multimarker approach to accurately detect and characterize senescent cells in various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Laouris
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Muñoz-Espín
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- CRUK Cambridge Centre Thoracic Cancer Programme, Cambridge, UK.
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Heestand B, McCarthy B, Simon M, Lister‐Shimauchi EH, Frenk S, Ahmed S. Piwi mutant germ cells transmit a form of heritable stress that promotes longevity. Aging Cell 2025; 24:e14350. [PMID: 39520150 PMCID: PMC11709112 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The C. elegans Argonaute protein PRG-1/Piwi and associated piRNAs protect metazoan genomes by silencing transposons and other types of foreign DNA. As prg-1 mutants are propagated, their fertility deteriorates prior to the onset of a reproductive arrest phenotype that resembles a starvation-induced stress response. We found that late-generation prg-1 mutants with substantially reduced fertility were long-lived, whereas early- or mid-generation prg-1 mutants had normal lifespans. Loss of the stress response transcription factor DAF-16 caused mid- or late-generation prg-1 mutants to live very short lives, whereas overexpression of DAF-16 enabled both mid- and late-generation prg-1 mutants to live long. Cytoplasmic P-bodies that respond to stress increased in long-lived late-generation prg-1 mutants and were transmitted to F1 but not F2 cross-progeny. Moreover, moderate levels of heritable stress shorten late-generation prg-1 mutant longevity when DAF-16 or P bodies are deficient. Together, these results suggest that the longevity of late-generation prg-1 mutants is a hormetic stress response. However, dauer larvae that occur in response to stress were not observed in late-generation prg-1 mutants. Small germ cell nucleoli that depended on germline DAF-16 were present in late-generation prg-1 mutants but were not necessary for their longevity. We propose that prg-1 mutant germ cells transmit a form of heritable stress, high levels of which promote longevity and strongly reduce fertility. The heritable stress transmitted by prg-1/Piwi mutant germ cells may be generally relevant to epigenetic inheritance of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bree Heestand
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ben McCarthy
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Matt Simon
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Evan H. Lister‐Shimauchi
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Stephen Frenk
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Shawn Ahmed
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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Yang S, Nan B, Shen H. Integrative Proteomics-Metabolomics of In Vitro Degeneration of Cardiovascular Cell Lines. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2025; 197:216-240. [PMID: 39110328 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-05004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025]
Abstract
Long-term cell culture is an important biological approach but is also characterized by degeneration in cellular morphology, proliferation rate, and function. To explore this phenomenon in a systematic way, we conducted an integrative proteomics-metabolomics measurement of two cardiovascular cell lines of AC16 and HUVECs. The 18th culturing passages, i.e., G18, showed as the turning points by cell metabolism profiles, in which the metabolomic changes demonstrated the dysfunction of energy, amino acid, and ribonucleotide metabolism metabolic pathways. Although active protein networks showed mitochondria abundance AC16 and oxidative/nitrative sensitive HUVECs indicated the different degeneration patterns, the G18 and G30 proteomics evidenced the senescence by processes of signal transduction, signaling by interleukins, programmed cell death, cellular responses to stimuli, cell cycle, mRNA splicing, and translation. Some crucial proteins (RPS8, HNRNPR, SOD2, LMNB1, PSMA1, DECR1, GOT2, OGDH, PNP, CBS, ATIC, and IMPDH2) and metabolites (L-glutamic acid, guanine, citric acid, guanosine, guanosine diphosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, and adenosine) that contributed to the dysregulation of cellular homeostasis are identified by using the integrative proteomic-metabolomic analysis, which highlighted the increased cellular instability. These findings illuminate some vital molecular processes when culturing serial passages, which contribute holistic viewpoints of in vitro biology with emphasis on the replicative senescence of cardiovascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-117 Xiang'an Nan Road, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingru Nan
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-117 Xiang'an Nan Road, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China.
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Inui T, Kawamura N, Yamamura M, Kubo K, Yamakage H, Satoh-Asahara N, Ogawa Y, Katsuura G. Oral intake of degalactosylated whey protein increases peripheral blood telomere length in young and aged mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:30859. [PMID: 39730524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-81597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 12/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to elucidate novel actions of degalactosylated whey protein (D-WP) in comparison with intact whey protein (WP), the effects of oral intake of D-WP on peripheral blood telomere length and telomerase were examined in young and aged mice. In young mice, peripheral blood telomere length was significantly elongated following oral intake of D-WP for 4 weeks. mRNA expression of both telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA component (TERC) was significantly increased in the peripheral blood following oral intake of D-WP for 4 weeks. In aged mice, peripheral blood telomere length was significantly decreased as compared with that of young mice, and significantly restored to the level of young mice drinking water by the oral intake of D-WP for 4 weeks. The mRNA expression of peripheral blood TERT and TERC mRNA in aged mice significantly decreased as compared with the level in young mice drinking water, and was significantly restored to the level of expression of young mice drinking water by oral intake of D-WP for 4 weeks. These results suggest that D-WP, but not WP, potently increases peripheral blood telomere length accompanied by increased mRNA expression of TERT and TERC in both young and aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Inui
- Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Moriguchi, Japan.
- Cancer Immunotherapy Clinic, 6-14-17 Kinda-cho, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka, 570-0011, Japan.
- Kobe Saisei Mirai Clinic, Kobe, Japan.
- Inui Immunotherapy Clinic, Moriguchi, Japan.
- Saisei Pharma, Moriguchi, Japan.
| | - Namiko Kawamura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Kubo
- Cancer Immunotherapy Clinic, 6-14-17 Kinda-cho, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka, 570-0011, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamakage
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Goro Katsuura
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan.
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Yerukala Sathipati S, Jeong S, Sharma P, Mayer J, Sharma R, Ho SY, Hebbring S. Exploring prognostic implications of miRNA signatures and telomere maintenance genes in kidney cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200874. [PMID: 39399813 PMCID: PMC11467672 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Kidney cancer, particularly clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC), presents significant challenges in disease-specific survival. This study investigates the prognostic potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) in kidney cancers, including KIRC and kidney papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), focusing on their interplay with telomere maintenance genes. Utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, miRNA expression profiles of 166 KIRC and 168 KIRP patients were analyzed. An evolutionary learning-based kidney survival estimator identified robust miRNA signatures predictive of 5-year survival for both cancer types. For KIRC, a 37-miRNA signature showed a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.82 and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.65 years. Similarly, for KIRP, a 23-miRNA signature exhibited an R of 0.82 and MAE of 0.64 years, demonstrating comparable predictive accuracy. These signatures also displayed diagnostic potential with receiver operating characteristic curve values between 0.70 and 0.94. Bioinformatics analysis revealed targeting of key telomere-associated genes such as TERT, DKC1, CTC1, and RTEL1 by these miRNAs, implicating crucial pathways such as cellular senescence and proteoglycans in cancer. This study highlights the significant link between miRNAs and telomere genes in kidney cancer survival, offering insights for therapeutic targets and improved prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohyun Jeong
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Param Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - John Mayer
- Office of Research Computing and Analytics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Shinn-Ying Ho
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Scott Hebbring
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
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Yamaguchi N, Horio E, Sonoda J, Yamagishi M, Miyakawa S, Murakami F, Hasegawa H, Katahira Y, Mizoguchi I, Fujii Y, Chikazu D, Yoshimoto T. Immortalization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Application in Regenerative Medicine and Their Potential Risks of Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13562. [PMID: 39769322 PMCID: PMC11676347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252413562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine utilizes stem cells to repair damaged tissues by replacing them with their differentiated cells and activating the body's inherent regenerative abilities. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that possess tissue repair and regenerative capabilities and immunomodulatory properties with a much lower risk of tumorigenicity, making them a focus of numerous clinical trials worldwide. MSCs primarily exert their therapeutic effects through paracrine effects via secreted factors, such as cytokines and exosomes. This has led to increasing interest in cell-free therapy, where only the conditioned medium (also called secretome) from MSC cultures is used for regenerative applications. However, MSCs face certain limitations, including cellular senescence, scarcity, donor heterogeneity, complexity, short survival post-implantation, and regulatory and ethics hurdles. To address these challenges, various types of immortalized MSCs (ImMSCs) capable of indefinite expansion have been developed. These cells offer significant promise and essential tools as a reliable source for both cell-based and cell-free therapies with the aim of translating them into practical medicine. However, the process of immortalization, often involving the transduction of immortalizing genes, poses potential risks of genetic instability and resultant malignant transformation. Cell-free therapy is particularly attractive, as it circumvents the risks of tumorigenicity and ethical concerns associated with live cell therapies. Rigorous safety tests, such as monitoring chromosomal abnormalities, are critical to ensure safety. Technologies like inducible or suicide genes may allow for the controlled proliferation of MSCs and induce apoptosis after their therapeutic task is completed. This review highlights recent advancements in the immortalization of MSCs and the associated risks of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Eri Horio
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Jukito Sonoda
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Miu Yamagishi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Satomi Miyakawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Murakami
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hasegawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katahira
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Daichi Chikazu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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Jung JH, Byun MS, Yi D, Ahn H, Lee JH, Lee JS, Lee HS, Lee JY, Kim YK, Lee YS, Kang KM, Sohn CH, Lee DY. Telomere length, in vivo Alzheimer's disease pathologies and cognitive decline in older adults. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2024-334314. [PMID: 39667908 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2024-334314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/17/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether telomere length (TL), an indicator of biological ageing, reflects Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neuropathological change remains unclear. We investigated the relationships between TL, in vivo AD pathologies, including cerebral beta-amyloid and tau deposition, and cognitive outcomes in older adults. METHODS A total of 458 older adults were included, encompassing both cognitively normal (CN) individuals and those cognitively impaired (CI), with the CI group consisting of individuals with mild cognitive impairment or AD dementia. All participants underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessments, amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scan and DNA extraction for measuring TL at baseline. A subset of participants (n=140) underwent tau PET scan. At follow-up, the participants underwent neuropsychological assessments annually for up to 4 years. RESULTS Overall, longer TL was associated with greater brain tau deposition (B=0.139, 95% CI 0.040, 0.238) and a faster decline in global cognition (B = - 0.371, 95% CI - 0.720, -0.023). In the subgroup analysis, the association between longer TL and greater in vivo AD pathologies, as well as faster cognitive decline, was observed particularly in the CI group. Mediation analysis suggested that longer TL was associated with cognitive decline through increased tau deposition in the CI group. CONCLUSION Our finding suggests that older adults with relatively longer TL, particularly in the CI group, may have greater in vivo AD pathologies and experience more rapid cognitive decline, potentially mediated by brain tau deposition. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the biological links underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyung Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyejin Ahn
- Interdisciplinary Program of Cognitive Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Humanities, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jang-Seok Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyun-Seob Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University (SMG-SNU) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University (SMG-SNU) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Koung Mi Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Interdisciplinary Program of Cognitive Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Humanities, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
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