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Sabokrouh A, Hajivand S, Atabi F. Comparison of anti-cancer effects of platinum ribavirin and ribavirin via telomerase and Bcl-2 gene expression. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3907-3915. [PMID: 37975929 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Among the common treatments for cancers, chemotherapy is widely used. One of the ways to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs is by checking the expression of tumor markers. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of the newly synthesized platinum ribavirin (Pt-Rb) compared to ribavirin (Rb) through biomarkers. In this study, cell lines were divided into four groups: groups A and B as healthy negative control group and untreated cancer group respectively. Group C and D were treated with, Rb and Pt-Rb, a novel anti-cancer drug, respectively. After evaluating LC50 for the drugs by MTT test, the expression of telomerase and Bcl-2 (B cell lymphoma-2) genes was evaluated using real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The results showed a significant decrease in telomerase (0.020 ± 0.007) and Bcl-2(0.120 ± 0.005) gene expression in cancer cells treated with Pt-Rb (group D) compared to telomerase (0.040 ± 0.014) and Bcl-2(0.220 ± 0.014) treated with Rb (group C) and also between group D and telomerase (70.76 ± 0.330) and Bcl-2 (99.52 ± 0.670) in group B. The majority of the groups under investigation showed a significant difference (p < 0.05), suggesting that Pt-Rb had stronger anti-cancer effects than Rb and untreated cancer cells. Additionally, Pt-Rb treatment results demonstrated more increased apoptosis than Rb. Our results demonstrated that Pt-Rb is an effective medication in cancer treatment by lowering anti-apoptotic indicators. Therefore, this chemical has the potential to be an effective anti-cancer therapy, pending further research on animal models and then human volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Sabokrouh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soheyla Hajivand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Atabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Li Y, Tian X, Luo J, Bao T, Wang S, Wu X. Molecular mechanisms of aging and anti-aging strategies. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:285. [PMID: 38790068 PMCID: PMC11118732 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex and multifaceted process involving a variety of interrelated molecular mechanisms and cellular systems. Phenotypically, the biological aging process is accompanied by a gradual loss of cellular function and the systemic deterioration of multiple tissues, resulting in susceptibility to aging-related diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that aging is closely associated with telomere attrition, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels, impaired macro-autophagy, stem cell exhaustion, inflammation, loss of protein balance, deregulated nutrient sensing, altered intercellular communication, and dysbiosis. These age-related changes may be alleviated by intervention strategies, such as calorie restriction, improved sleep quality, enhanced physical activity, and targeted longevity genes. In this review, we summarise the key historical progress in the exploration of important causes of aging and anti-aging strategies in recent decades, which provides a basis for further understanding of the reversibility of aging phenotypes, the application prospect of synthetic biotechnology in anti-aging therapy is also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xutong Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Juyue Luo
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongtong Bao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shujin Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Montégut L, López-Otín C, Kroemer G. Aging and cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:106. [PMID: 38760832 PMCID: PMC11102267 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging and cancer exhibit apparent links that we will examine in this review. The null hypothesis that aging and cancer coincide because both are driven by time, irrespective of the precise causes, can be confronted with the idea that aging and cancer share common mechanistic grounds that are referred to as 'hallmarks'. Indeed, several hallmarks of aging also contribute to carcinogenesis and tumor progression, but some of the molecular and cellular characteristics of aging may also reduce the probability of developing lethal cancer, perhaps explaining why very old age (> 90 years) is accompanied by a reduced incidence of neoplastic diseases. We will also discuss the possibility that the aging process itself causes cancer, meaning that the time-dependent degradation of cellular and supracellular functions that accompanies aging produces cancer as a byproduct or 'age-associated disease'. Conversely, cancer and its treatment may erode health and drive the aging process, as this has dramatically been documented for cancer survivors diagnosed during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. We conclude that aging and cancer are connected by common superior causes including endogenous and lifestyle factors, as well as by a bidirectional crosstalk, that together render old age not only a risk factor of cancer but also an important parameter that must be considered for therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Montégut
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Institut, Villejuif, France
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Institut, Villejuif, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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Zhang Q, Liu H, Xu Q, Liu H, Han Y, Li DL, Ma F, Zhang CY. Construction of a 3D Quantum Dot Nanoassembly with Two-Step FRET for One-Step Sensing of Human Telomerase RNA in Breast Cancer Cells and Tissues. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7738-7746. [PMID: 38690966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Telomerase is an important biomarker for early diagnosis of cancers, but current telomerase assays usually rely on measuring the extension products of telomerase substrates, which increases the assay complexity. More evidence indicates that human telomerase RNA (hTR), as a core component of telomerase, is positively correlated with the telomerase activity. Herein, we demonstrate the development of a duplex-specific nuclease (DSN)-propelled 3D quantum dot (QD) nanoassembly with two-step Föster resonance energy transfer (FRET) for the one-step sensing of hTR in breast cancer cells and tissues. This assay involves only one hairpin probe modified with a Cy5 at the sixth base from the 5'-biotin end and a BHQ2 at the 3'-terminus, which integrates three functions of target recognition, target recycling amplification, and signal readout. The anchoring of the hairpin probe on the 605QD surface results in the formation of a 3D 605QD-Cy5-probe-BHQ2 nanoassembly in which two-step FRET occurs among the 605QD, Cy5, and BHQ2 quencher. Notably, the formation of 605QD-Cy5-probe-BHQ2 nanoassembly facilitates the reduction of background signal and the increase of signal-to-background ratio due to its dense, highly oriented nucleic acid shell-induced steric hindrance effect. This assay can achieve one-step and rapid detection of hTR with a detection limit of 2.10 fM, which is the simplest and most rapid hTR assay reported so far. Moreover, this assay can efficiently distinguish single-base mismatched sequences, and it can discriminate the hTR level between breast cancer patients and healthy donors with a high accuracy of 100%, with great prospects for early diagnosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qinfeng Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Yun Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Dong-Ling Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Fei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Gomatou G, Masaoutis C, Vamvakaris I, Kotteas E, Bouros E, Tzilas V, Bouros D. Differential immunohistochemical expression of hTERT in lung cancer patients with and without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonology 2024; 30:214-221. [PMID: 35153179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the catalytic subunit of telomerase enzyme, which adds nucleotides to telomeres and counteracts their length shortening. The development of a telomere maintenance mechanism represents a hallmark of cancer. On the other hand, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with mutations in telomerase genes and shorter telomeres. IPF is frequently complicated with lung cancer. AIM To investigate the expression of hTERT in lung cancer with co-existing IPF and to compare with lung cancer without fibrosis. METHODS Diagnostic lung cancerous biopsies were retrieved from 18 patients with lung cancer and concomitant IPF, as well as 18 age and gender matched controls with lung cancer without pulmonary fibrosis. The expression of hTERT was studied with immunohistochemistry. ImajeJ software was used to quantitate subcellular stain intensity. Immunohistochemical investigation of two senescence-associated markers, p16 and p21, was also performed in all 36 cases. RESULTS Both groups highly expressed hTERT, without significant difference (100% vs 95%, p = 0.521). Evaluation of p16 and p21 immunostaining revealed negative to minimal immunoreactivity in both groups. hTERT localization exhibited higher median nuclear intensity in the group of lung cancer with IPF (0.62 vs 0.45, p = 0.016), while cytoplasmic intensity did not differ significantly (0.17 vs 0.15, p = 0.463). Higher median nuclear intensity was also correlated with small cell lung cancer subtype in the whole study sample (0.69 vs 0.45, p = 0.09). CONCLUSION hTERT is highly expressed in lung cancer with concomitant IPF, but with differential localization compared to lung cancer without IPF, implying differences in pathogenicity and requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gomatou
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - C Masaoutis
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Vamvakaris
- Department of Pathology, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, Athens, Greece
| | - E Kotteas
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Bouros
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - V Tzilas
- Center for Diseases of the Chest, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece
| | - D Bouros
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Center for Diseases of the Chest, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece
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Chen B, Weng Y, Li M, Bian Z, Tao Y, Zhou W, Lu H, He S, Liao R, Huang J, Wang Q, Xu M, Ge Y, Cao W, Lei M, Zhang Y. LINC02454-CCT complex interaction is essential for telomerase activity and cell proliferation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216734. [PMID: 38401886 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Telomerase activity is upregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), yet its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identified a cancer-specific lncRNA (LINC02454) associated with poor prognosis by using LncRNA chip of our HNSCC cohorts and external datasets. Through employing negative-stain transmission electron microscopy (NS-TEM), we discovered an interaction between LINC02454 and CCT complex which would augment telomerase activity for maintaining telomere homeostasis. Supporting this, in the telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay and quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) analysis, LINC02454 depletion significantly reduced telomerase activity and shortened telomere length. Consistently, pathways related to telomerase, mitosis, and apoptosis were significantly impacted upon LINC02454 knockdown in RNAseq analysis. Functionally, LINC02454-deficient cells exhibited a more significant senescence phenotype in β-galactosidase staining, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays. We further confirmed the role of LINC02454 in HNSCC proliferation through a combination of in vitro and in vivo experiments. The therapeutic potential of targeting LINC02454 was verified by adenovirus-shRNA approach in HNSCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. In summary, our findings provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of HNSCC tumorigenesis and potential targets for future treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Chen
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Yue Weng
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhouliang Bian
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenkai Zhou
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shufang He
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rijing Liao
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Yunhui Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.
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Wang T, Tan HS, Wang AJ, Li SS, Feng JJ. Fluorescent metal nanoclusters: From luminescence mechanism to applications in enzyme activity assays. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 257:116323. [PMID: 38669842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) have outstanding fluorescence property and biocompatibility, which show widespread applications in biological analysis. Particularly, evaluation of enzyme activity with the fluorescent MNCs has been developed rapidly within the past several years. In this review, we first introduced the fluorescent mechanism of mono- and bi-metallic nanoclusters, respectively, whose interesting luminescence properties are mainly resulted from electron transfer between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels. Meanwhile, the charge migration within the structure occurs through ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT) or ligand-metal-metal charge transfer (LMMCT). On such foundation, diverse enzyme activities were rigorously evaluated, including three transferases and nine hydrolases, in turn harvesting rapid research progresses within past 5 years. Finally, we summarized the design strategies for evaluating enzyme activity with the MNCs, presented the major issues and challenges remained in the relevant research, coupled by showing some improvement measures. This review will attract researchers dedicated to the studies of the MNCs and provide some constructive insights for their further applications in enzyme analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Tan
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jiu-Ju Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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Paul S, McCourt PM, Le LTM, Ryu J, Czaja W, Bode AM, Contreras-Galindo R, Dong Z. Fyn-mediated phosphorylation of Menin disrupts telomere maintenance in stem cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.04.560876. [PMID: 37873235 PMCID: PMC10592958 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.04.560876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres protect chromosome ends and determine the replication potential of dividing cells. The canonical telomere sequence TTAGGG is synthesized by telomerase holoenzyme, which maintains telomere length in proliferative stem cells. Although the core components of telomerase are well-defined, mechanisms of telomerase regulation are still under investigation. We report a novel role for the Src family kinase Fyn, which disrupts telomere maintenance in stem cells by phosphorylating the scaffold protein Menin. We found that Fyn knockdown prevented telomere erosion in human and mouse stem cells, validating the results with four telomere measurement techniques. We show that Fyn phosphorylates Menin at tyrosine 603 (Y603), which increases Menin's SUMO1 modification, C-terminal stability, and importantly, its association with the telomerase RNA component (TR). Using mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence experiments we found that SUMO1-Menin decreases TR's association with telomerase subunit Dyskerin, suggesting that Fyn's phosphorylation of Menin induces telomerase subunit mislocalization and may compromise telomerase function at telomeres. Importantly, we find that Fyn inhibition reduces accelerated telomere shortening in human iPSCs harboring mutations for dyskeratosis congenita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souren Paul
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Preston M. McCourt
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Le Thi My Le
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Joohyun Ryu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wioletta Czaja
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ann M. Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Rafael Contreras-Galindo
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China 450001
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9
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Wang LJ, Liu WJ, Wang LY, Ho YP, Han Y, Li DL, Zhang CY. Construction of an Enzymatically Controlled DNA Nanomachine for One-Step Imaging of Telomerase in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4647-4656. [PMID: 38441540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Telomerase is a basic reverse transcriptase that maintains the telomere length in cells, and accurate and specific sensing of telomerase in living cells is critical for medical diagnostics and disease therapeutics. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the construction of an enzymatically controlled DNA nanomachine with endogenous apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) as a driving force for one-step imaging of telomerase in living cells. The DNA nanomachine is designed by rational engineering of substrate probes and reporter probes embedded with an enzyme-activatable site (i.e., AP site) and their subsequent assembly on a gold nanoparticle (AuNP). Upon recognition and cleavage of the AP site in the substrate probe by APE1, the loop of the substrate probe unfolds, exposing telomeric primer (TP) with the 3'-OH end. Subsequently, the TP is elongated by telomerase at the 3'-OH end to generate a long telomeric product. The resultant telomeric product acts as a swing arm that can hybridize with a reporter probe to initiate the APE1-powered walking reaction, ultimately generating a significantly enhanced fluorescence signal. Notably, endogenous APE1 is used as the driving force of the DNA nanomachine, avoiding the introduction of exogenous auxiliary cofactors into the cellular microenvironment. Owing to the high kinetics and high amplification efficiency of the APE1-powered DNA nanomachine, this strategy enables one-step sensitive sensing of telomerase in vitro and in vivo. It can successfully discriminate telomerase activity between cancer cells and normal cells, screen telomerase inhibitors, and monitor the variations of telomerase activity in living cells, offering a prospective platform for molecular diagnostics and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Lu-Yao Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yun Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Dong-Ling Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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10
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Olson CL, Wuttke DS. Guardians of the Genome: How the Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Proteins RPA and CST Facilitate Telomere Replication. Biomolecules 2024; 14:263. [PMID: 38540683 PMCID: PMC10968030 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Telomeres act as the protective caps of eukaryotic linear chromosomes; thus, proper telomere maintenance is crucial for genome stability. Successful telomere replication is a cornerstone of telomere length regulation, but this process can be fraught due to the many intrinsic challenges telomeres pose to the replication machinery. In addition to the famous "end replication" problem due to the discontinuous nature of lagging strand synthesis, telomeres require various telomere-specific steps for maintaining the proper 3' overhang length. Bulk telomere replication also encounters its own difficulties as telomeres are prone to various forms of replication roadblocks. These roadblocks can result in an increase in replication stress that can cause replication forks to slow, stall, or become reversed. Ultimately, this leads to excess single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that needs to be managed and protected for replication to continue and to prevent DNA damage and genome instability. RPA and CST are single-stranded DNA-binding protein complexes that play key roles in performing this task and help stabilize stalled forks for continued replication. The interplay between RPA and CST, their functions at telomeres during replication, and their specialized features for helping overcome replication stress at telomeres are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner L. Olson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Deborah S. Wuttke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Yin J, Wu K, Yu Y, Zhong Y, Song Z, Chang C, Liu G. Terahertz Photons Inhibit Cancer Cells Long Term by Suppressing Nano Telomerase Activity. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4796-4810. [PMID: 38261783 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Telomeres are nanoscale DNA-protein complexes to protect and stabilize chromosomes. The reexpression of telomerase in cancer cells is a key determinant crucial for the infinite proliferation and long-term survival of most cancer cells. However, the use of telomerase inhibitors for cancer treatment may cause problems such as poor specificity, drug resistance, and cytotoxicity. Here, we discovered a nondrug and noninvasive terahertz modulation strategy capable of the long-term suppression of cancer cells by inhibiting telomerase activity. First, we found that an optimized frequency of 33 THz photon irradiation effectively inhibited the telomerase activity by molecular dynamics simulation and frequency filtering experiments. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that telomerase activity in 4T1 and MCF-7 cells significantly decreased by 77% and 80% respectively, after 21 days of regular 33 THz irradiation. Furthermore, two kinds of cells were found to undergo aging, apoptosis, and DNA double-strand breaks caused by telomere crisis, which seriously affected the survival of cancer cells. In addition, the tumorigenicity of 4T1 cells irradiated with 33 THz waves for 21 days in in vivo mice decreased by 70%. In summary, this study demonstrates the potential application of THz modulation in nano therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Yin
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Kaijie Wu
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
- School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zihua Song
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chao Chang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guozhi Liu
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
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12
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Talati VP, Karn V, Gadewal N, Bastikar VA. Mechanistic influence of discreet conformation of human telomerase linker region. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38319038 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2310212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 90% of malignancies have been shown to have human telomerase activity, establishing it as a viable therapeutic target. The crystal structure of telomerase was determined recently. However, the tertiary structure of the non-conserved flexible linker region remains unresolved. This study aims to predict the full-length tertiary structure of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Two strategies were employed to determine the full-length structure of hTERT (1132 amino acids); iterative threading and a conjoined model generated from machine learning and energy functions. After energy minimization, Ramachandran Plot analysis, and simulation; the conjoined model was considered of better quality and stability. The linker region of the conjoined depicted two helices from approximately 275-284 and 201-211 amino acids respectively in contrast to the iterative threading model which has a single helix. Moreover, the region was observed to undergo major structural changes throughout the simulation. These changes signify its flexibility which might be due to the region having a significant number of glycine and proline and could enhance the clamping movement.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun P Talati
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vamika Karn
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhil Gadewal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Virupaksha A Bastikar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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13
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Kubota Y, Viny AD. Germline predisposition for clonal hematopoiesis. Semin Hematol 2024; 61:61-67. [PMID: 38311514 PMCID: PMC11103258 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an entity hallmarked by skewed hematopoiesis with persistent overrepresentation of cells from a common stem/progenitor lineage harboring single-nucleotide variants and/or insertions/deletions. CH is a common and age-related phenomenon that is associated with an increased risk of hematological malignancies, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. While CH is a term of the hematological aspect, there exists a complex interaction with other organ systems, especially the cardiovascular system. The strongest factor in the development of CH is aging, however, other multiple factors also affect the development of CH including lifestyle-related factors and co-morbid diseases. In recent years, germline genetic factors have been linked to CH risk. In this review, we synthesize what is currently known about how genetic variation affects the risk of CH, how this genetic architecture intersects with myeloid neoplasms, and future prospects for CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kubota
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Aaron D Viny
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
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14
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Zeng C, Han S, Pan Y, Huang Z, Zhang B, Zhang B. Revisiting the chaperonin T-complex protein-1 ring complex in human health and disease: A proteostasis modulator and beyond. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1592. [PMID: 38363102 PMCID: PMC10870801 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupted protein homeostasis (proteostasis) has been demonstrated to facilitate the progression of various diseases. The cytosolic T-complex protein-1 ring complex (TRiC/CCT) was discovered to be a critical player in orchestrating proteostasis by folding eukaryotic proteins, guiding intracellular localisation and suppressing protein aggregation. Intensive investigations of TRiC/CCT in different fields have improved the understanding of its role and molecular mechanism in multiple physiological and pathological processes. MAIN BODY In this review, we embark on a journey through the dynamic protein folding cycle of TRiC/CCT, unraveling the intricate mechanisms of its substrate selection, recognition, and intriguing folding and assembly processes. In addition to discussing the critical role of TRiC/CCT in maintaining proteostasis, we detail its involvement in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolic control, adaptive immunity and signal transduction processes. Furthermore, we meticulously catalogue a compendium of TRiC-associated diseases, such as neuropathies, cardiovascular diseases and various malignancies. Specifically, we report the roles and molecular mechanisms of TRiC/CCT in regulating cancer formation and progression. Finally, we discuss unresolved issues in TRiC/CCT research, highlighting the efforts required for translation to clinical applications, such as diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSION This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of TRiC/CCT for researchers to inspire further investigations and explorations of potential translational possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zeng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreatic‐Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shenqi Han
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreatic‐Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yonglong Pan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreatic‐Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhao Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreatic‐Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Binhao Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreatic‐Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreatic‐Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of EducationWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health CommissionWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhanChina
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15
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Rai R, Sodeinde T, Boston A, Chang S. Telomeres cooperate with the nuclear envelope to maintain genome stability. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300184. [PMID: 38047499 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian telomeres have evolved safeguards to prevent their recognition as DNA double-stranded breaks by suppressing the activation of various DNA sensing and repair proteins. We have shown that the telomere-binding proteins TRF2 and RAP1 cooperate to prevent telomeres from undergoing aberrant homology-directed recombination by mediating t-loop protection. Our recent findings also suggest that mammalian telomere-binding proteins interact with the nuclear envelope to maintain chromosome stability. RAP1 interacts with nuclear lamins through KU70/KU80, and disruption of RAP1 and TRF2 function result in nuclear envelope rupture, promoting telomere-telomere recombination to form structures termed ultrabright telomeres. In this review, we discuss the importance of the interactions between shelterin components and the nuclear envelope to maintain telomere homeostasis and genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Rai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tori Sodeinde
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ava Boston
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sandy Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Hourvitz N, Awad A, Tzfati Y. The many faces of the helicase RTEL1 at telomeres and beyond. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:109-121. [PMID: 37532653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Regulator of telomere elongation 1 (RTEL1) is known as a DNA helicase that is important for telomeres and genome integrity. However, the diverse phenotypes of RTEL1 dysfunction, the wide spectrum of symptoms caused by germline RTEL1 mutations, and the association of RTEL1 mutations with cancers suggest that RTEL1 is a complex machine that interacts with DNA, RNA, and proteins, and functions in diverse cellular pathways. We summarize the proposed functions of RTEL1 and discuss their implications for telomere maintenance. Studying RTEL1 is crucial for understanding the complex interplay between telomere maintenance and other nuclear pathways, and how compromising these pathways causes telomere biology diseases, various aging-associated pathologies, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Hourvitz
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Aya Awad
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yehuda Tzfati
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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17
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Lasho T, Patnaik MM. Adaptive and Maladaptive Clonal Hematopoiesis in Telomere Biology Disorders. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2024; 19:35-44. [PMID: 38095828 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-023-00719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Telomere biology disorders (TBDs) are germline-inherited conditions characterized by reduction in telomerase function, accelerated shortening of telomeres, predisposition to organ-failure syndromes, and increased risk of neoplasms, especially myeloid malignancies. In normal cells, critically short telomeres trigger apoptosis and/or cellular senescence. However, the evolutionary mechanism by which TBD-related telomerase-deficient cells can overcome this fitness constraint remains elusive. RECENT FINDINGS Preliminary data suggests the existence of adaptive somatic mosaic states characterized by variants in TBD-related genes and maladaptive somatic mosaic states that attempt to overcome hematopoietic fitness constraints by alternative methods leading to clonal hematopoiesis. TBDs are both rare and highly heterogeneous in presentation, and the association of TBD with malignant transformation is unclear. Understanding the clonal complexity and mechanisms behind TBD-associated molecular signatures that lead to somatic adaptation in the setting of defective hematopoiesis will help inform therapy and treatment for this set of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terra Lasho
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mrinal M Patnaik
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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18
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Qin J, Garus A, Autexier C. The C-terminal extension of dyskerin is a dyskeratosis congenita mutational hotspot that modulates interaction with telomerase RNA and subcellular localization. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:318-332. [PMID: 37879098 PMCID: PMC10840380 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyskerin is a component of the human telomerase complex and is involved in stabilizing the human telomerase RNA (hTR). Many mutations in the DKC1 gene encoding dyskerin are found in X-linked dyskeratosis congenita (X-DC), a premature aging disorder and other related diseases. The C-terminal extension (CTE) of dyskerin contributes to its interaction with the molecular chaperone SHQ1 during the early stage of telomerase biogenesis. Disease mutations in this region were proposed to disrupt dyskerin-SHQ1 interaction and destabilize dyskerin, reducing hTR levels indirectly. However, biochemical evidence supporting this hypothesis is still lacking. In addition, the effects of many CTE disease mutations on hTR have not been examined. In this study, we tested eight dyskerin CTE variants and showed that they failed to maintain hTR levels. These mutants showed slightly reduced but not abolished interaction with SHQ1, and caused defective binding to hTR. Deletion of the CTE further reduced binding to hTR, and perturbed localization of dyskerin to the Cajal bodies and the nucleolus, and the interaction with TCAB1 as well as GAR1. Our findings suggest impaired dyskerin-hTR interaction in cells as a previously overlooked mechanism through which dyskerin CTE mutations cause X-DC and related telomere syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chem, de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Alexandre Garus
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chem, de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Chantal Autexier
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chem, de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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19
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Liu M, Zhang Y, Jian Y, Gu L, Zhang D, Zhou H, Wang Y, Xu ZX. The regulations of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:90. [PMID: 38278800 PMCID: PMC10817947 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal activation of telomerase occurs in most cancer types, which facilitates escaping from cell senescence. As the key component of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is regulated by various regulation pathways. TERT gene changing in its promoter and phosphorylation respectively leads to TERT ectopic expression at the transcription and protein levels. The co-interacting factors play an important role in the regulation of TERT in different cancer types. In this review, we focus on the regulators of TERT and these downstream functions in cancer regulation. Determining the specific regulatory mechanism will help to facilitate the development of a cancer treatment strategy that targets telomerase and cancer cell senescence. As the most important catalytic subunit component of telomerase, TERT is rapidly regulated by transcriptional factors and PTM-related activation. These changes directly influence TERT-related telomere maintenance by regulating telomerase activity in telomerase-positive cancer cells, telomerase assembly with telomere-binding proteins, and recruiting telomerase to the telomere. Besides, there are also non-canonical functions that are influenced by TERT, including the basic biological functions of cancer cells, such as proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, initiating cell formation, EMT, and cell invasion. Other downstream effects are the results of the influence of transcriptional factors by TERT. Currently, some small molecular inhibitors of TERT and TERT vaccine are under research as a clinical therapeutic target. Purposeful work is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yongping Jian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Liting Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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20
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Михеев РК, Андреева ЕН, Григорян ОР, Шереметьева ЕВ, Панкратова МС, Логинова ЕВ. [Replicative and biochemical ageing mechanisms among females with Turner syndromes]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2024; 69:113-120. [PMID: 38312001 PMCID: PMC10848188 DOI: 10.14341/probl13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2025 is going to be the 100th anniversary of the first historical description of Turner syndrome - complex of genomic abnormalities, congenital gonadal disruption and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Total estrogenic deficiency triggers development of age-related comorbidities. There is no doubt that personalized search for replicative markers of cellular aging among females with Turner syndrome is needed. AIM To evaluate features of replicative (telomere length) and biochemical (lipid profile, calcium-phosphate album, thyroid hormones, markers cytolysis and cholestasis, carbohydrate metabolism, nitrogenic metabolism, electrolytes, FSH) markers among females with Turner syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research has been provided in collaboration between Endocrinology Research Centre of the Russian Ministry of Health and Lomonosov Moscow State University Medical Research and Educational Centre in the period since 10.01.2021 until 01.08.2022. Females with non-iatrogenic hypergonadotropic hypogonadism caused by Turner syndrome (45,X0; 45,X/46,XX; 45,X/46,X,r(X); 13-40 y.o.; n=26) and primary ovarian insufficiency (18-39 нyears=26); healthy females of reproductive age (15-49 y.o.; n=24). Patients have undergone laboratory genetic (leucocyte telomere length), biochemical (fasting glycaemia, urea, creatinine, common/conjugated bilirubin, ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyl transferase, triglycerides, HDL-P, LDL-P, common cholesterol, common/ionized calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, sodium/potassium/chlorides, FSH, HbA1c) analyses. Body measurements - body mass, body height. DNA extraction - provided with Qiagen DNA blood mini kit (Germany). Leukocyte telomere length - with real-time polymerase chain reaction PCR (Flow-fish). Soft program IBM SPSS Statistics (version 26,0 for Windows). RESULTS 1. Females with Turner syndrome have significantly lower mean telomere length (8,22 kB [6,63-9,30]) than with primary ovarian insufficiency (10, 34 кБ [8,41-13,08], p<0,001) and healthy reproductive age females (10,77 kB [9,95-13,16], р>0,05).2. Telomere length correlates directly and significantly with longevity of menopausal hormonal therapy among females with primary ovarian insufficiency (ρ = 505; p<0,001).3. Patients with Turner syndrome are inclined to vitamin D deficiency (р<0,001), dyslipidemia (р=0,01); increase of levels of aminotransferases, cholestasis markers, phosphate and FSH (р<0,001). CONCLUSION Turner syndrome is serious genetic disease that leads not only to infertility but to significant decrease of quality/life longevity out of "healthy aging" conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Р. К. Михеев
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Е. Н. Андреева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии; Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова
| | - О. Р. Григорян
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
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21
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Jiang X, Lin J, Zhu Z. Long-chain noncoding RNA LINC01569 upregulates filamin A-interacting protein 1-like to prevent metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer via sponging miR-300. Cancer Biomark 2024; 39:79-94. [PMID: 37955081 PMCID: PMC11002719 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-chain noncoding RNA (lncRNA), LINC01569, is important for regulating the extracellular matrix, which affects cell migration. However, its involvement in the occurrence and development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed to investigate the role of LINC01569 on TNBC. METHODS Online database was used for clinical data analysis. Cell viability and migration capability were monitored using cell counting kit-8 and transwell assays, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down were used to confirm the binding capability between noncoding RNAs and filamin A-interacting protein 1-like (FILIP1L). Western blotting was used to determine the protein content. RESULTS Compared with normal breast tissue, LINC01569 was significantly reduced in patients with TNBC subtype, and LINC01569 expression gradually decreased with the progression of tumor stage. Patients with TNBC with high lncRNA LINC01569 levels had a better prognosis than did patients with low LINC01569 levels. LINC01569 overexpression inhibited the migration capability, whereas siRNA-mediated LINC01569 downregulation promoted the migration capability in TNBC cells. Using ENCORI and lncRNA SNP online databases, miR-300 was screened as the potential sponge of LINC01569. The binding of LINC01569 to miR-300 was confirmed using the dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. miR-300 was negatively correlated with LINC01569, and miR-300 mimics eliminated the anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects of LINC01569 on TNBC cells. Additionally, FILIP1L was further verified as the downstream target of miR-300. miR-300 mimics blocked LINC01569 upregulation-mediated elevation of FILIP1L. Importantly, the anti-tumor effects mediated by LINC01569 overexpression were abolished by miR-300 mimics and further restored by FILIP1L upregulation. CONCLUSIONS LINC01569 was expressed at a low level in TNBC and could sponge miR-300 to promote FILIP1L expression, reducing the proliferation and metastasis capability of TNBC. Thus, LINC01569 might be a useful biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhanlin Zhu
- Department of Breast surgery, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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22
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Spegg V, Altmeyer M. Genome maintenance meets mechanobiology. Chromosoma 2024; 133:15-36. [PMID: 37581649 PMCID: PMC10904543 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-023-00807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Genome stability is key for healthy cells in healthy organisms, and deregulated maintenance of genome integrity is a hallmark of aging and of age-associated diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. To maintain a stable genome, genome surveillance and repair pathways are closely intertwined with cell cycle regulation and with DNA transactions that occur during transcription and DNA replication. Coordination of these processes across different time and length scales involves dynamic changes of chromatin topology, clustering of fragile genomic regions and repair factors into nuclear repair centers, mobilization of the nuclear cytoskeleton, and activation of cell cycle checkpoints. Here, we provide a general overview of cell cycle regulation and of the processes involved in genome duplication in human cells, followed by an introduction to replication stress and to the cellular responses elicited by perturbed DNA synthesis. We discuss fragile genomic regions that experience high levels of replication stress, with a particular focus on telomere fragility caused by replication stress at the ends of linear chromosomes. Using alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) in cancer cells and ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs) as examples of replication stress-associated clustered DNA damage, we discuss compartmentalization of DNA repair reactions and the role of protein properties implicated in phase separation. Finally, we highlight emerging connections between DNA repair and mechanobiology and discuss how biomolecular condensates, components of the nuclear cytoskeleton, and interfaces between membrane-bound organelles and membraneless macromolecular condensates may cooperate to coordinate genome maintenance in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Spegg
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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23
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Mollica V, Tassinari E, Santoni M, Marchese PV, Giunchi F, Maloberti T, Tateo V, Ricci C, Rosellini M, Marchetti A, Fiorentino M, Biase DD, Massari F. TERT promoter mutations and the outcome of patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated by platinum-based chemotherapy or pembrolizumab. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155008. [PMID: 38103361 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TERT promoter mutation is one of the most common genomic alterations in urothelial carcinoma (UC). Its prognostic role on patients' outcomes is still not clear. METHODS We performed a single-center retrospective analysis on patients with advanced UC treated with platinum-based chemotherapy or immunotherapy to assess the presence of somatic TERT-124[C>T] and TERT-146[C>T] mutations and their association with clinicopathologic factors and survival outcomes. Patients were assessed for Overall Survival (OS), Progression-Free Survival (PFS), and Overall Response Rate (ORR). RESULTS We analyzed 45 UC tumors; 38 of them received first-line chemotherapy and 21 second-line pembrolizumab; 6 patients (13%) harbored -146 C > T TERTp mutation and 25 patients (56%)-124 C > T. The presence of TERT promoter mutations was associated with a higher rate of lower tract UC and a lower rate of synchronous or lymph node metastases. TERT wild-type patients showed higher 12- and 24-months OS-rates in the chemotherapy subgroup and 6-, 12- and 24-months OS rates in the pembrolizumab subgroup. The presence of TERT promoter mutations was also associated with a lower 6 months-PFS rate in patients receiving chemotherapy and in all the three time points in those treated by pembrolizumab. The ORRs of pembrolizumab were 21% and 71% in patients with or without TERT promoter mutations, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that the presence of TERT promoter mutations could negatively affect the outcome of UC patients treated by chemotherapy or pembrolizumab. This hypothesis should be further evaluated in wider cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisa Tassinari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Paola Valeria Marchese
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Giunchi
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Thais Maloberti
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Tateo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Pathology Unit, Maggiore Hospital-AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario De Biase
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
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24
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Özmaldar A, Balta B. Formation and Effects of Upstream DNA-RNA Base Pairing in Telomerase. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300501. [PMID: 37743538 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Telomere elongation by telomerase consists of two types of translocation: duplex translocation during each repeat synthesis and template translocation at the end of repeat synthesis. Our replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations show that in addition to the Watson-Crick interactions in the active site, templating RNA can also form base pairs with the upstream regions of DNA, mostly with the second upstream DNA repeat with respect to the 3'-end. At the end of the repeat synthesis, dG10-P442 and dG11-N446 hydrogen bonds form. Then, active-site base pairs dissociate one by one, and the RNA bases reanneal with the complementary base on the upstream DNA repeat. For each dissociating base pair a new one forms, thus conserving the number of base pairs during template translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydın Özmaldar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bülent Balta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Tamura S, Tazawa H, Hori N, Li Y, Yamada M, Kikuchi S, Kuroda S, Urata Y, Kagawa S, Fujiwara T. p53-armed oncolytic adenovirus induces autophagy and apoptosis in KRAS and BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294491. [PMID: 37972012 PMCID: PMC10653454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells harboring KRAS or BRAF mutations show a more-malignant phenotype than cells with wild-type KRAS and BRAF. KRAS/BRAF-wild-type CRCs are sensitive to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting agents, whereas KRAS/BRAF-mutant CRCs are resistant due to constitutive activation of the EGFR-downstream KRAS/BRAF signaling pathway. Novel therapeutic strategies to treat KRAS/BRAF mutant CRC cells are thus needed. We recently demonstrated that the telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenoviruses OBP-301 and p53-armed OBP-702 exhibit therapeutic potential against KRAS-mutant human pancreatic cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of OBP-301 and OBP-702 against human CRC cells with differing KRAS/BRAF status. Human CRC cells with wild-type KRAS/BRAF (SW48, Colo320DM, CACO-2), mutant KRAS (DLD-1, SW620, HCT116), and mutant BRAF (RKO, HT29, COLO205) were used in this study. The antitumor effect of OBP-301 and OBP-702 against CRC cells was analyzed using the XTT assay. Virus-mediated modulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and the EGFR-MEK-ERK and AKT-mTOR signaling pathways was analyzed by Western blotting. Wild-type and KRAS-mutant CRC cells were sensitive to OBP-301 and OBP-702, whereas BRAF-mutant CRC cells were sensitive to OBP-702 but resistant to OBP-301. Western blot analysis demonstrated that OBP-301 induced autophagy and that OBP-702 induced autophagy and apoptosis in human CRC cells. In BRAF-mutant CRC cells, OBP-301 and OBP-702 suppressed the expression of EGFR, MEK, ERK, and AKT proteins, whereas mTOR expression was suppressed only by OBP-702. Our results suggest that p53-armed oncolytic virotherapy is a viable therapeutic option for treating KRAS/BRAF-mutant CRC cells via induction of autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoto Hori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuncheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Motohiko Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoru Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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26
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Guo Y, Li S, Tong Z, Tang J, Zhang R, Lv Z, Song N, Yang D, Yao C. Telomerase-Mediated Self-Assembly of DNA Network in Cancer Cells Enabling Mitochondrial Interference. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23859-23873. [PMID: 37857277 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The precise control of the artificially induced reactions inside living cells is emerging as an effective strategy for the regulation of cell functions. Nevertheless, the manipulation of the assembly of exogenous molecules into artificial architectures in response to intracellular-specific signals remains a grand challenge. Herein, we achieve the precise self-assembly of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) network inside cancer cells, specifically responding to telomerase, and realize effective mitochondrial interference and the consequent regulation of cellular behaviors. Two functional DNA modules were designed: a mitochondria-targeting branched DNA and a telomerase-responsive linear DNA. Upon uptake by cancer cells, the telomerase primer in linear DNA responded to telomerase, and a strand displacement reaction was triggered by the reverse transcription of telomerase, thus releasing a linker DNA from the linear DNA. The linker DNA afterward hybridized with the branched DNA to form a DNA network on mitochondria. The DNA network interfered with the function of mitochondria, realizing the apoptosis of cancer cells. This system was further administered in a nude mouse tumor model, showing remarkable suppression of tumor growth. We envision that the telomerase-mediated intracellular self-assembly of the DNA network provides a promising route for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhaobin Tong
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jianpu Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyue Lv
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Nachuan Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Chi Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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27
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Yegorov YE. Olovnikov, Telomeres, and Telomerase. Is It Possible to Prolong a Healthy Life? BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1704-1718. [PMID: 38105192 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The science of telomeres and telomerase has made tremendous progress in recent decades. In this review, we consider it first in a historical context (the Carrel-Hayflick-Olovnikov-Blackburn chain of discoveries) and then review current knowledge on the telomere structure and dynamics in norm and pathology. Central to the review are consequences of the telomere shortening, including telomere position effects, DNA damage signaling, and increased genetic instability. Cell senescence and role of telomere length in its development are discussed separately. Therapeutic aspects and risks of telomere lengthening methods including use of telomerase and other approaches are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegor E Yegorov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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28
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Grzeczka A, Graczyk S, Kordowitzki P. DNA Methylation and Telomeres-Their Impact on the Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation during Cardiac Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15699. [PMID: 37958686 PMCID: PMC10650750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in humans. AF is characterized by irregular and increased atrial muscle activation. This high-frequency activation obliterates the synchronous work of the atria and ventricles, reducing myocardial performance, which can lead to severe heart failure or stroke. The risk of developing atrial fibrillation depends largely on the patient's history. Cardiovascular diseases are considered aging-related pathologies; therefore, deciphering the role of telomeres and DNA methylation (mDNA), two hallmarks of aging, is likely to contribute to a better understanding and prophylaxis of AF. In honor of Prof. Elizabeth Blackburn's 75th birthday, we dedicate this review to the discovery of telomeres and her contribution to research on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pawel Kordowitzki
- Department for Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Szosa Bydgoska 13, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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29
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Smoom R, May CL, Ortiz V, Tigue M, Kolev HM, Rowe M, Reizel Y, Morgan A, Egyes N, Lichtental D, Skordalakes E, Kaestner KH, Tzfati Y. Telomouse-a mouse model with human-length telomeres generated by a single amino acid change in RTEL1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6708. [PMID: 37872177 PMCID: PMC10593777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, protect genome integrity and enable cell proliferation. Maintaining optimal telomere length in the germline and throughout life limits the risk of cancer and enables healthy aging. Telomeres in the house mouse, Mus musculus, are about five times longer than human telomeres, limiting the use of this common laboratory animal for studying the contribution of telomere biology to aging and cancer. We identified a key amino acid variation in the helicase RTEL1, naturally occurring in the short-telomere mouse species M. spretus. Introducing this variation into M. musculus is sufficient to reduce the telomere length set point in the germline and generate mice with human-length telomeres. While these mice are fertile and appear healthy, the regenerative capacity of their colonic epithelium is compromised. The engineered Telomouse reported here demonstrates a dominant role of RTEL1 in telomere length regulation and provides a unique model for aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham Smoom
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Catherine Lee May
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vivian Ortiz
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark Tigue
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hannah M Kolev
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Melissa Rowe
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yitzhak Reizel
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ashleigh Morgan
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nachshon Egyes
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Dan Lichtental
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Emmanuel Skordalakes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Yehuda Tzfati
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
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30
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He Q, Lim CJ. Models for human telomere C-strand fill-in by CST-Polα-primase. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:860-872. [PMID: 37586999 PMCID: PMC10528720 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Telomere maintenance is essential for the genome integrity of eukaryotes, and this function is underpinned by the two-step telomeric DNA synthesis process: telomere G-overhang extension by telomerase and complementary strand fill-in by DNA polymerase alpha-primase (polα-primase). Compared to the telomerase step, the telomere C-strand fill-in mechanism is less understood. Recent studies have provided new insights into how telomeric single-stranded DNA-binding protein CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) and polα-primase coordinate to synthesize the telomeric C-strand for telomere overhang fill-in. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of CST-polα-primase complexes have provided additional insights into how they assemble at telomeric templates and de novo synthesize the telomere C-strand. In this review, we discuss how these latest findings coalesce with existing understanding to develop a human telomere C-strand fill-in mechanism model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang He
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ci Ji Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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31
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Valeeva LR, Abdulkina LR, Agabekian IA, Shakirov EV. Telomere biology and ribosome biogenesis: structural and functional interconnections. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:394-409. [PMID: 36989538 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures that play a pivotal role in the protection and maintenance of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomeres and the enzyme telomerase, which replenishes telomeric DNA lost during replication, are important factors necessary to ensure continued cell proliferation. Cell proliferation is also dependent on proper and efficient protein synthesis, which is carried out by ribosomes. Mutations in genes involved in either ribosome biogenesis or telomere biology result in cellular abnormalities and can cause human genetic diseases, defined as ribosomopathies and telomeropathies, respectively. Interestingly, recent discoveries indicate that many of the ribosome assembly and rRNA maturation factors have additional noncanonical functions in telomere biology. Similarly, several key proteins and enzymes involved in telomere biology, including telomerase, have unexpected roles in rRNA transcription and maturation. These observations point to an intriguing cross-talk mechanism potentially explaining the multiple pleiotropic symptoms of mutations in many causal genes identified in various telomeropathy and ribosomopathy diseases. In this review, we provide a brief summary of eukaryotic telomere and rDNA loci structures, highlight several universal features of rRNA and telomerase biogenesis, evaluate intriguing interconnections between telomere biology and ribosome assembly, and conclude with an assessment of overlapping features of human diseases of telomeropathies and ribosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liia R Valeeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Liliia R Abdulkina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Inna A Agabekian
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Eugene V Shakirov
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
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32
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Maliński B, Vertemara J, Faustini E, Ladenvall C, Norberg A, Zhang Y, von Castelmur E, Baliakas P, Tisi R, Cammenga J, Lottersberger F. Novel pathological variants of NHP2 affect N-terminal domain flexibility, protein stability, H/ACA Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex formation and telomerase activity. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2901-2912. [PMID: 37440454 PMCID: PMC10508036 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere biology disorders (TBDs) are characterized by short telomeres, premature aging, bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition. Germline mutations in NHP2, encoding for one component of the telomerase cofactor H/ACA RNA binding complex together with Dyskerin, NOP10 and GAR1, have been previously reported in rare cases of TBDs. Here, we report two novel NHP2 variants (NHP2-A39T and NHP2-T44M) identified in a compound heterozygous patient affected by premature aging, bone marrow failure/myelodysplastic syndrome and gastric cancer. Although still able to support cell viability, both variants reduce the levels of hTR, the telomerase RNA component, and telomerase activity, expanding the panel of NHP2 pathological variants. Furthermore, both variants fail to be incorporated in the H/ACA RNA binding complex when in competition with wild-type endogenous NHP2, and the lack of incorporation causes their drastic proteasomal degradation. By RoseTTAFold prediction followed by molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal a dramatic distortion of residues 33-41, which normally position on top of the NHP2 core, as the main defect of NHP2-A39T, and high flexibility and the misplacement of the N-terminal region (residues 1-24) in NHP2-T44M and, to a lower degree, in NHP2-A39T. Because deletion of amino acids 2-24 causes a reduction in NHP2 levels only in the presence of wild-type NHP2, while deletion of amino acids 2-38 completely disrupts NHP2 stability, we propose that the two variants are mis-incorporated into the H/ACA binding complex due to the altered dynamics of the first 23 amino acids and/or the distortion of the residues 25-41 loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Maliński
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Jacopo Vertemara
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Elena Faustini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 90185, Sweden
| | - Anna Norberg
- Klinisk genetik, Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Umeå 75185, Sweden
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Eleonore von Castelmur
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Panagiotis Baliakas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 90185, Sweden
| | - Renata Tisi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Jörg Cammenga
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Francisca Lottersberger
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
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Sameni S, Viswanathan R, Ng GYQ, Martinez-Lopez W, Hande MP. Telomerase Inhibition by MST-312 Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to the Anti-cancer Properties of Plumbagin. Genome Integr 2023; 14:e20230002. [PMID: 38765717 PMCID: PMC11102071 DOI: 10.14293/genint.14.1.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of malignancy and the second most common cause of death due to cancer in women. This heterogeneous disease is currently broadly classified as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) positive luminal tumors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplified tumors and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). Phytochemicals are proven to be promising anti-cancer chemotherapeutics agents with minimal cytotoxic effects on normal cells. Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone) is a phytochemical derived from the roots of Plumbago zeylanica and it is known to possess anti-cancer properties similar to other compounds of naphthoquinones. In about 90% of cancer cells, the telomerase enzyme activity is revived to add telomeric repeats to evade apoptosis. In this study, a combinatorial approach of combining the anti-cancer compound plumbagin to induce genotoxicity and a potent telomerase inhibitor, MST-312 (synthetic derivative of tea catechins), was used to determine the combinational treatment-induced lethality in breast cancer cells such as MDA-MB-231 (TNBC) and MCF-7 (lumina) cells. MDA-MB-231 cells were responsive to combination treatment in both short-term (48 h) and long-term treatment (14 days) in a synergistic manner, whereas in MCF-7, the combination treatment was more effective in the long-term regimen. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of the plumbagin and MST-312 combination treatment were not recoverable after the short-term treatment. In conclusion, a combination treatment of MST-312 and plumbagin is proven to be more effective than a single plumbagin compound treatment in inducing DNA damage and telomere dysfunction leading to greater genome instability, cell cycle arrest and eventually cell death in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Sameni
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramya Viswanathan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gavin Yong-Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wilner Martinez-Lopez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Associate Unit on Genomic Stability, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M. Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Sorrenti V, Buriani A, Fortinguerra S, Davinelli S, Scapagnini G, Cassidy A, De Vivo I. Cell Survival, Death, and Proliferation in Senescent and Cancer Cells: the Role of (Poly)phenols. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1111-1130. [PMID: 37271484 PMCID: PMC10509428 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence has long been considered a permanent state of cell cycle arrest occurring in proliferating cells subject to different stressors, used as a cellular defense mechanism from acquiring potentially harmful genetic faults. However, recent studies highlight that senescent cells might also alter the local tissue environment and concur to chronic inflammation and cancer risk by secreting inflammatory and matrix remodeling factors, acquiring a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Indeed, during aging and age-related diseases, senescent cells amass in mammalian tissues, likely contributing to the inevitable loss of tissue function as we age. Cellular senescence has thus become one potential target to tackle age-associated diseases as well as cancer development. One important aspect characterizing senescent cells is their telomere length. Telomeres shorten as a consequence of multiple cellular replications, gradually leading to permanent cell cycle arrest, known as replicative senescence. Interestingly, in the large majority of cancer cells, a senescence escape strategy is used and telomere length is maintained by telomerase, thus favoring cancer initiation and tumor survival. There is growing evidence showing how (poly)phenols can impact telomere maintenance through different molecular mechanisms depending on dose and cell phenotypes. Although normally, (poly)phenols maintain telomere length and support telomerase activity, in cancer cells this activity is negatively modulated, thus accelerating telomere attrition and promoting cancer cell death. Some (poly)phenols have also been shown to exert senolytic activity, thus suggesting both antiaging (directly eliminating senescent cells) and anticancer (indirectly, via SASP inhibition) potentials. In this review, we analyze selective (poly)phenol mechanisms in senescent and cancer cells to discriminate between in vitro and in vivo evidence and human applications considering (poly)phenol bioavailability, the influence of the gut microbiota, and their dose-response effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Shen Z, Wang Y, Wang G, Gu W, Zhao S, Hu X, Liu W, Cai Y, Ma Z, Gautam RK, Jia J, Wan CC, Yan T. Research progress of small-molecule drugs in targeting telomerase in human cancer and aging. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110631. [PMID: 37451664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are unique structures located at the ends of linear chromosomes, responsible for stabilizing chromosomal structures. They are synthesized by telomerase, a reverse transcriptase ribonucleoprotein complex. Telomerase activity is generally absent in human somatic cells, except in stem cells and germ cells. Every time a cell divides, the telomere sequence is shortened, eventually leading to replicative senescence and cell apoptosis when the telomeres reach a critical limit. However, most human cancer cells exhibit increased telomerase activity, allowing them to divide continuously. The importance of telomerase in cancer and aging has made developing drugs targeting telomerase a focus of research. Such drugs can inhibit cancer cell growth and delay aging by enhancing telomerase activity in telomere-related syndromes or diseases. This review provides an overview of telomeres, telomerase, and their regulation in cancer and aging, and highlights small-molecule drugs targeting telomerase in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuanhui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guanzhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China; University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shengchao Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China; University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, China; Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Rupesh K Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Indore Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, 453331, India
| | - Jia Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China; Translational Medicine Center, Zhejiang Xinda hospital, School of Medicine&Nursing, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313099, China.
| | - Chunpeng Craig Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Tingdong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China; Translational Medicine Center, Zhejiang Xinda hospital, School of Medicine&Nursing, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313099, China.
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Quiros PM, Vassiliou GS. Genetic Predisposition to Clonal Hematopoiesis. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e947. [PMID: 37600859 PMCID: PMC10438798 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. Quiros
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - George S. Vassiliou
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom
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Wang H, Lu J, Stevens T, Roberts A, Mandel J, Avula R, Ma B, Wu Y, Wang J, Land CV, Finkel T, Vockley JE, Airik M, Airik R, Muzumdar R, Gong Z, Torbenson MS, Prochownik EV. Premature aging and reduced cancer incidence associated with near-complete body-wide Myc inactivation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112830. [PMID: 37481724 PMCID: PMC10591215 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC proto-oncogene dysregulation alters metabolism, translation, and other functions in ways that support tumor induction and maintenance. Although Myc+/- mice are healthier and longer-lived than control mice, the long-term ramifications of more complete Myc loss remain unknown. We now describe the chronic consequences of body-wide Myc inactivation initiated postnatally. "MycKO" mice acquire numerous features of premature aging, including altered body composition and habitus, metabolic dysfunction, hepatic steatosis, and dysregulation of gene sets involved in functions that normally deteriorate with aging. Yet, MycKO mice have extended lifespans that correlate with a 3- to 4-fold lower lifetime cancer incidence. Aging tissues from normal mice and humans also downregulate Myc and gradually alter many of the same Myc target gene sets seen in MycKO mice. Normal aging and its associated cancer predisposition are thus highly linked via Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Taylor Stevens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Alexander Roberts
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jordan Mandel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Raghunandan Avula
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Bingwei Ma
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Central South University, Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Clinton Van't Land
- Division of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Division of Cardiology, The Department of Internal Medicine and the UPMC Aging Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jerry E Vockley
- Division of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Merlin Airik
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Rannar Airik
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Division of Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Michel S Torbenson
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Zhao Y, Rai J, Li H. Regulation of translation by ribosomal RNA pseudouridylation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8190. [PMID: 37595043 PMCID: PMC10438446 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Pseudouridine is enriched in ribosomal, spliceosomal, transfer, and messenger RNA and thus integral to the central dogma. The chemical basis for how pseudouridine affects the molecular apparatus such as ribosome, however, remains elusive owing to the lack of structures without this natural modification. Here, we studied the translation of a hypopseudouridylated ribosome initiated by the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements. We analyzed eight cryo-electron microscopy structures of the ribosome bound with the Taura syndrome virus IRES in multiple functional states. We found widespread loss of pseudouridine-mediated interactions through water and long-range base pairings. In the presence of the translocase, eukaryotic elongation factor 2, and guanosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis, the hypopseudouridylated ribosome favors a rare unconducive conformation for decoding that is partially recouped in the ribosome population that remains modified at the P-site uridine. The structural principles learned establish the link between functional defects and modification loss and are likely applicable to other pseudouridine-associated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jay Rai
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Kawashima N, Bezzerri V, Corey SJ. The Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms of Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes: The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Their Pathogenesis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1249. [PMID: 37627314 PMCID: PMC10452082 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) include Fanconi anemia, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, dyskeratosis congenita, severe congenital neutropenia, and other rare entities such as GATA2 deficiency and SAMD9/9L mutations. The IBMFS monogenic disorders were first recognized by their phenotype. Exome sequencing has validated their classification, with clusters of gene mutations affecting DNA damage response (Fanconi anemia), ribosome structure (Diamond-Blackfan anemia), ribosome assembly (Shwachman-Diamond syndrome), or telomere maintenance/stability (dyskeratosis congenita). The pathogenetic mechanisms of IBMFSs remain to be characterized fully, but an overarching hypothesis states that different stresses elicit TP53-dependent growth arrest and apoptosis of hematopoietic stem, progenitor, and precursor cells. Here, we review the IBMFSs and propose a role for pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TGF-β, IL-1β, and IFN-α, in mediating the cytopenias. We suggest a pathogenic role for cytokines in the transformation to myeloid neoplasia and hypothesize a role for anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Kawashima
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Valentino Bezzerri
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Seth J. Corey
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
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40
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Karaviti E, Kontogiannis A, Anastopoulos A, Kotteas E, Gomatou G. An overview of the role of telomeres and telomerase in pre‑neoplastic lesions (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 19:61. [PMID: 37424625 PMCID: PMC10326563 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are tandem repeats of DNA sequences protecting the end of linear chromosomes. Replicative senescence due to telomere attrition is considered a tumor-preventing mechanism in differentiated somatic cells. However, telomere shortening is associated with genome instability and several disease entities. During carcinogenesis, the development of a telomere maintenance mechanism, predominately through the activation of the telomerase enzyme, represents a hallmark of cancer, since it enables cancer cells to avert senescence and divide indefinitely. Although research of the involvement of telomeres and telomerase in various malignant neoplasms has gained a large amount of interest, the timing and relevance of their role in pre-neoplastic lesions remain to be determined. The present narrative review aims to summarize the evidence regarding the role of telomeres and telomerase in pre-neoplasia across different types of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Karaviti
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Athanasios Kontogiannis
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Anastopoulos
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Elias Kotteas
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Georgia Gomatou
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Lin F, Huang J, Zhu W, Jiang T, Guo J, Xia W, Chen M, Guo L, Deng W, Lin H. Prognostic value and immune landscapes of TERT promoter methylation in triple negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1218987. [PMID: 37575241 PMCID: PMC10416624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1218987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment options for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain limited to mainstay therapies owing to a lack of efficacious therapeutic targets. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to discover and identify novel molecular targets for the treatment and diagnosis of this disease. In this study, we analyzed the correlation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) methylation status with TERT expression, prognosis, and immune infiltration in TNBC and identified the role of TERT methylation in the regulation TNBC prognosis and immunotherapy. Methods Data relating to the transcriptome, clinicopathological characteristics and methylation of TNBC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. TERT expression levels and differential methylation sites (DMSs) were detected. The correlations between TERT expression and DMSs were calculated. Kaplan-Meier curves was plotted to analyze the relationship between the survival of TNBC patients and the DMSs. The correlations of DMSs and TERT expression with several immunological characteristics of immune microenvironment (immune cell infiltration, immunomodulators, immune-related biological pathways, and immune checkpoints) were assessed. The results were validated using 40 TNBC patients from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC). Results Six DMSs were identified. Among them, four sites (cg11625005, cg07380026, cg17166338, and cg26006951) were within the TERT promoter, in which two sites (cg07380026 and cg26006951) were significantly related to the prognosis of patients with TNBC. Further validation using 40 TNBC samples from SYSUCC showed that the high methylation of the cg26006951 CpG site was associated with poor survival prognosis (P=0.0022). TERT expression was significantly correlated with pathological N stage and clinical stage, and cg07380026 were significantly associated with pathological T and N stages in the TCGA cohort. Moreover, the methylation site cg26006951, cg07380026 and TERT expression were significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration, common immunomodulators, and the level of the immune checkpoint receptor lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) in TNBC patients. Conclusion TERT promotertypermethylation plays an important role in TERT expression regulation and tumor microenvironment in TNBC. It is associated with overall survival and LAG-3 expression. TERT promoter hypermethylation may be a potential molecular biomarker for predicting response to the TERT inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Yang S, Wang Y, Wang Q, Li F, Ling D. DNA-Driven Dynamic Assembly/Disassembly of Inorganic Nanocrystals for Biomedical Imaging. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:340-355. [PMID: 37501793 PMCID: PMC10369495 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
DNA-mediated programming is emerging as an effective technology that enables controlled dynamic assembly/disassembly of inorganic nanocrystals (NC) with precise numbers and spatial locations for biomedical imaging applications. In this review, we will begin with a brief overview of the rules of NC dynamic assembly driven by DNA ligands, and the research progress on the relationship between NC assembly modes and their biomedical imaging performance. Then, we will give examples on how the driven program is designed by different interactions through the configuration switching of DNA-NC conjugates for biomedical applications. Finally, we will conclude with the current challenges and future perspectives of this emerging field. Hopefully, this review will deepen our knowledge on the DNA-guided precise assembly of NCs, which may further inspire the future development of smart chemical imaging devices and high-performance biomedical imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfei Yang
- Institute
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Frontiers
Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine,
State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- World
Laureates Association (WLA) Laboratories, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Qiyue Wang
- Frontiers
Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine,
State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- World
Laureates Association (WLA) Laboratories, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Institute
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- World
Laureates Association (WLA) Laboratories, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
- Hangzhou
Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Frontiers
Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine,
State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- World
Laureates Association (WLA) Laboratories, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
- Hangzhou
Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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43
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Yi M, Wang M, Xu Y, Cao Z, Ling Y, Zhang Z, Cao H. CRISPR-based m 6A modification and its potential applications in telomerase regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1200734. [PMID: 37519297 PMCID: PMC10382234 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1200734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase determines cell lifespan by controlling chromosome stability and cell viability, m6A epigenetic modification plays an important role in the regulation of telomerase activity. Using CRISPR epigenome editing to analyze specific m6A modification sites in telomerase will provide an important tool for analyzing the molecular mechanism of m6A modification regulating telomerase activity. In this review, we clarified the relevant applications of CRISPR system, paid special attention to the regulation of m6A modification in stem cells and cancer cells based on CRISPR system, emphasized the regulation of m6A modification on telomerase activity, pointed out that m6A modification sites regulate telomerase activity, and discussed strategies based on telomerase activity and disease treatment, which are helpful to promote the research of anti-aging and tumor related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Yi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongjie Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhikun Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yinghui Ling
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongguo Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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44
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De Felice B, Montanino C, Pinelli C, Nacca M, De Luca P. A novel Telomerase activity and microRNA-21 upregulation identified in a family with Palmoplantar keratoderma. Gene 2023:147600. [PMID: 37419429 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Palmoplantar keratoderma is a set of skin diseases with hyperkeratotic thickening of palms and soles which are characteristic of these heterogeneous group of keratinization disorders. Various genetic mutations, autosomal dominant or recessive, have been identified which may triggerpalmoplantar keratoderma, as KRT9 (Keratin 9), KRT1 (Keratin1), AQP5 (Aquaporin), SERPINB 7 (serine protease inhibitor). The identification of causal mutations is extremely important for the correct diagnosis. Here, we report the case of a family affected from Palmoplantar keratoderma caused by autosomal dominant KRT1 mutations (Unna-Thost disease). Telomerase activation and hTERT expression take a part in the process of cell proliferation and inflammation and microRNAs, as microRNA-21, are emerging as drivers in the regulation of telomerase activity. Here, the patients underwent KRT1 analysis genetic sequence, telomerase activity and miR-21 expression. Beside histopathology assay was performed. The patients presented thickening of the skin on soles of the feet and the palms of the hands, KRT1mutations and showed high expression levels of hTERT and hTR, the gene encoding for the telomeric subunits, and miR-21 (fold change >1.5 and p value =0.043), explicating the aberrant proliferation of epidermal layer and the inflammatory state characterizing palmoplantar keratoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna De Felice
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DISTABIF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Concetta Montanino
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DISTABIF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Claudia Pinelli
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DISTABIF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Massimo Nacca
- University Hospital Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Via Palasciano, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Luca
- Department RIMAR, Sequencing and Molecular Analyses Center, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
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45
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Mikheev RK, Andreeva EN, Grigoryan OR, Sheremetyeva EV, Absatarova YS, Volevodz NN, Loginova EV. [Features of aging replicative and biochemical aspects among females with non-iatrogenic hypergonadotropic hypogonadism]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2023; 69:90-102. [PMID: 37448251 DOI: 10.14341/probl13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogenic deficiency is the basic condition of human ageing that leads to hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The existence of correlation between hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, replicative (leukocyte telomere length) and biochemical data is widely supposed among females with physiological (menopausal) and pathological (primary ovarian insufficiency) estrogenic deficiency is not unreasonable. AIM To evaluate features of replicative (telomere length) and biochemical (metabolic syndrome) ageing markers among females with physiological (menopausal) and pathological (primary ovarian insufficiency) estrogenic deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research has been provided in collaboration between Endocrinology Research Centre of the Russian Ministry of Health and Lomonosov Moscow State University Medical Research and Educational Centre in the period since 10.01.2021 until 01.08.2022.110 females (20-75y.o.) have participated in the present research.Group 1: 26 females receiving menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) ≥ 5 years with 0,5; 1; 2 mg estrogenic component.Group 2: 27 females in physiological menopause without MHTGroup 3: 33 females with primary ovarian insufficiency and receiving sex-steroid replacement therapy.Group 4: 24 healthy reproductive age females without sex-steroid replacement therapy.Patients have undergone laboratory genetic (leucocyte telomere length), biochemical analyses.DNA extraction - with Qiagen DNA blood mini kit (Germany). Biological material was cito conserved with Ficoll solution. Leukocyte telomere length - with real-time polymerase chain reaction PCR (Flow-fish).Soft program IBM SPSS Statistics (version 26,0 for Windows) has been used for statical analysis. RESULTS 1.Menopausal females receiving MHT were inclined to highest HDL-P levels (p<0,006).2.Females with primary ovarian insufficiency were inclined to relatively highest serum creatinine level (p<0,001).3.Reproductive age females had relatively highest telomere length (p<0,001).4.FSH level correlates negatively and moderately (ρ= - 0,434) leukocyte telomere length (р<0,001) among females. CONCLUSION Females with premature ovarian insufficiency are most sensible to ageing due to features of replicative and biochemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E N Andreeva
- Endocrinology Research Centre; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of A.I. Evdokimov
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46
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Wang H, Ma T, Zhang X, Chen W, Lan Y, Kuang G, Hsu SJ, He Z, Chen Y, Stewart J, Bhattacharjee A, Luo Z, Price C, Feng X. CTC1 OB-B interaction with TPP1 terminates telomerase and prevents telomere overextension. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:4914-4928. [PMID: 37021555 PMCID: PMC10250220 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) is a telomere associated complex that binds ssDNA and is required for multiple steps in telomere replication, including termination of G-strand extension by telomerase and synthesis of the complementary C-strand. CST contains seven OB-folds which appear to mediate CST function by modulating CST binding to ssDNA and the ability of CST to recruit or engage partner proteins. However, the mechanism whereby CST achieves its various functions remains unclear. To address the mechanism, we generated a series of CTC1 mutants and studied their effect on CST binding to ssDNA and their ability to rescue CST function in CTC1-/- cells. We identified the OB-B domain as a key determinant of telomerase termination but not C-strand synthesis. CTC1-ΔB expression rescued C-strand fill-in, prevented telomeric DNA damage signaling and growth arrest. However, it caused progressive telomere elongation and the accumulation of telomerase at telomeres, indicating an inability to limit telomerase action. The CTC1-ΔB mutation greatly reduced CST-TPP1 interaction but only modestly affected ssDNA binding. OB-B point mutations also weakened TPP1 association, with the deficiency in TPP1 interaction tracking with an inability to limit telomerase action. Overall, our results indicate that CTC1-TPP1 interaction plays a key role in telomerase termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yina Lan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guotao Kuang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shih-Jui Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zibin He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jason Stewart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Zhenhua Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Carolyn Price
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xuyang Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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47
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Choi YJ, Kim MS, Rhoades JH, Johnson NM, Berry CT, Root S, Chen Q, Tian Y, Fernandez RJ, Cramer Z, Adams-Tzivelekidis S, Li N, Johnson FB, Lengner CJ. Patient-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatostellate Organoids Establish a Basis for Liver Pathologies in Telomeropathies. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:451-472. [PMID: 37302654 PMCID: PMC10404563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a telomere biology disorder caused primarily by mutations in the DKC1 gene. Patients with DC and related telomeropathies resulting from premature telomere dysfunction experience multiorgan failure. In the liver, DC patients present with nodular hyperplasia, steatosis, inflammation, and cirrhosis. However, the mechanism responsible for telomere dysfunction-induced liver disease remains unclear. METHODS We used isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) harboring a causal DC mutation in DKC1 or a CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9)-corrected control allele to model DC liver pathologies. We differentiated these iPSCs into hepatocytes (HEPs) or hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) followed by generation of genotype-admixed hepatostellate organoids. Single-cell transcriptomics were applied to hepatostellate organoids to understand cell type-specific genotype-phenotype relationships. RESULTS Directed differentiation of iPSCs into HEPs and stellate cells and subsequent hepatostellate organoid formation revealed a dominant phenotype in the parenchyma, with DC HEPs becoming hyperplastic and also eliciting a pathogenic hyperplastic, proinflammatory response in stellate cells independent of stellate cell genotype. Pathogenic phenotypes in DKC1-mutant HEPs and hepatostellate organoids could be rescued via suppression of serine/threonine kinase AKT (protein kinase B) activity, a central regulator of MYC-driven hyperplasia downstream of DKC1 mutation. CONCLUSIONS Isogenic iPSC-derived admixed hepatostellate organoids offer insight into the liver pathologies in telomeropathies and provide a framework for evaluating emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melissa S Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua H Rhoades
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolette M Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Corbett T Berry
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Root
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qijun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuhua Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rafael J Fernandez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zvi Cramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Adams-Tzivelekidis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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48
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Mikheev RK, Andreeva EN, Grigoryan OR, Sheremetyeva EV, Absatarova YS, Loginova EV. [Replicative and biochemical ageing features among females with primary ovarian insufficiency]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2023; 69:92-98. [PMID: 37448276 DOI: 10.14341/probl13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most dangerous reproductive pathologies is primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). Except manifestation in the age <40 years old it leads to demographical losses, decrease of chances for healthy aging. POI can be characterized as summary of secondary amenorrhea, total estrogenic deficiency and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Hence, POI has probably harmful effect on telomere length. Telomere length determining and sex steroid replacement therapy may be promising and effective to prevent decrease of life quality/ longevity among females with POI. AIM To evaluate features of replicative (telomere length) and biochemical (metabolic syndrome) markers among females with primary ovarian insufficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research has been provided in collaboration between Endocrinology Research Centre of the Russian Ministry of Health and Lomonosov Moscow State University Medical Research and Educational Centre in the period since 10.01.2021 until 01.08.2022. Females with non-iatrogenic hypergonadotropic hypogonadism caused by primary ovarian insufficiency (n=33); healthy females of reproductive age (18-49 y.o.; n=24). Patients have undergone laboratory genetic (leucocyte telomere length), biochemical analyses. DNA extraction - with Qiagen DNA blood mini kit (Germany).Leukocyte telomere length - with real-time polymerase chain reaction PCR (Flow-fish). Soft program IBM SPSS Statistics (version 26,0 for Windows). RESULTS Females with POI due to estrogenic deficiency have slightly shorter mean telomere length (10,0 [7,9-10,7] kB, than healthy females of reproductive age (10,8 [10,0-13,1] кБ, р<0,001). Females with POI due to estrogenic deficiency have higher chances for development of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances (prediabetes) (р<0,043), increasement of FSH level (р<0,001). FSH level correlates moderately and negatively (ρ=0,434) with leukocyte telomere length (р<0,001). CONCLUSIONS Female with POI and receiving sex steroid replacement therapy have decrease of telomere length and increase of chances for carbohydrate metabolism disturbances in opposite to healthy reproductive females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E N Andreeva
- Endocrinology Research Centre; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of A.I. Evdokimov
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49
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Amin A, Morello M, Petrara MR, Rizzo B, Argenton F, De Rossi A, Giunco S. Short-Term TERT Inhibition Impairs Cellular Proliferation via a Telomere Length-Independent Mechanism and Can Be Exploited as a Potential Anticancer Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2673. [PMID: 37345011 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the catalytic component of telomerase, may also contribute to carcinogenesis via telomere-length independent mechanisms. Our previous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that short-term telomerase inhibition by BIBR1532 impairs cell proliferation without affecting telomere length. Here, we show that the impaired cell cycle progression following short-term TERT inhibition by BIBR1532 in in vitro models of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, i.e., Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), and B-cell malignancies, i.e., Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines, is characterized by a significant reduction in NF-κB p65 nuclear levels leading to the downregulation of its target gene MYC. MYC downregulation was associated with increased expression and nuclear localization of P21, thus promoting its cell cycle inhibitory function. Consistently, treatment with BIBR1532 in wild-type zebrafish embryos significantly decreased Myc and increased p21 expression. The combination of BIBR1532 with antineoplastic drugs (cyclophosphamide or fludarabine) significantly reduced xenografted cells' proliferation rate compared to monotherapy in the zebrafish xenograft model. Overall, these findings indicate that short-term inhibition of TERT impairs cell growth through the downregulation of MYC via NF-κB signalling and supports the use of TERT inhibitors in combination with antineoplastic drugs as an efficient anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Amin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Marzia Morello
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Petrara
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Beatrice Rizzo
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Anita De Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Giunco
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
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50
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Unlu C, Guney G, Tugrul Ersak D, Kosem A, Tarlan N, Tokmak A. Evaluation of serum telomerase activity in normal-weight young girls with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relation to metabolic parameters. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:283-289. [PMID: 36656544 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the discriminative value of serum telomerase levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its relation to metabolic parameters. METHODS Patients aged 16-23 years old who visited an adolescent outpatient clinic were included in the study. Our study consisted of 45 non-obese girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), while our control group consisted of 45 healthy girls with normal menstrual cycles and no signs of hyperandrogenism. During the early follicular phase, all individuals were analyzed for serum telomerase levels, blood cell count, biochemical parameters, basal hormone levels, lipid profile and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. RESULTS Serum telomerase levels in PCOS patients were considerably lower (80.0 ± 52.8 IU/mL) than in the controls (113.1 ± 54.9 IU/mL) (p=0.004). We observed that blood telomerase levels less than 108.6 distinguished PCOS group from healthy controls with a sensitivity of 73.33% and a specificity of 57.78%. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR index, Ferriman-Gallwey score and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate values were higher in the study group. Moreover, serum telomerase levels were inversely correlated with body mass index (r=-0.339, p=0.023) and triglycerides (r=-0.511, p=0.002) in this group. Telomerase levels were also considerably lower in patients with metabolic syndrome (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Serum telomerase activity is lower in PCOS patients than in healthy controls. Furthermore, decreased serum telomerase levels may correlate well with the metabolic complications of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Unlu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Gurhan Guney
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Duygu Tugrul Ersak
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Arzu Kosem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Nurten Tarlan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aytekin Tokmak
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
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