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Agarwal K, Lamprecht R. EphB2 activation in neural stem cells in the basolateral amygdala facilitates neurogenesis and enhances long-term memory. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:277. [PMID: 38913115 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Many brain diseases lead to a reduction in the number of functional neurons and it would be of value to be able to increase the number of neurons in the affected brain areas. In this study, we examined whether we can promote neural stem cells to produce mature neurons and whether an increase in the mature neurons can affect cognitive performance. We detected that the EphB2 receptor is localized in immature basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons. We therefore aimed to increase the level of EphB2 activity in neural stem cells (NSCs) in the BLA and examine the effects on the production of mature neurons and cognition. Toward that end, we utilized a photoactivatable EphB2 construct (optoEphB2) to increase EphB2 forward signaling in NSCs in the BLA. We revealed that the activation of optoEphB2 in NSCs in the BLA increased the level of immature and mature neurons in the BLA. We further found that activation of optoEphB2 in BLA NSCs enhanced auditory, but not contextual, long-term fear memory formation. Impairing EphB2 forward signaling did not affect the level of immature and mature neurons in the BLA. This study provides evidence that NSCs can be promoted to produce mature neurons by activating EphB2 to enhance specific brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Agarwal
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Raphael Lamprecht
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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2
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Wang L, Gu Y. Fuse mitochondria to win peer competition. Neuron 2024; 112:1897-1899. [PMID: 38901399 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, Kochan et al.1 report that enhanced mitochondrial fusion is essential for the heightened synaptic plasticity in adult-born neurons during the critical period, thus supporting their competition with neurons of similar age for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Wang
- Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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3
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Idotta C, Pagano MA, Tibaldi E, Cadamuro M, Saetti R, Silvestrini M, Pigato G, Leanza L, Peruzzo R, Meneghetti L, Piazza S, Meneguzzo P, Favaro A, Grassi L, Toffanin T, Brunati AM. Neural stem/progenitor cells from olfactory neuroepithelium collected by nasal brushing as a cell model reflecting molecular and cellular dysfunctions in schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38869228 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2024.2357096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neural stem/progenitor cells derived from olfactory neuroepithelium (hereafter olfactory neural stem/progenitor cells, ONSPCs) are emerging as a potential tool in the exploration of psychiatric disorders. The present study intended to assess whether ONSPCs could help discern individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) from non-schizophrenic (NS) subjects by exploring specific cellular and molecular features. METHODS ONSPCs were collected from 19 in-patients diagnosed with SZ and 31 NS individuals and propagated in basal medium. Mitochondrial ATP production, expression of β-catenin and cell proliferation, which are described to be altered in SZ, were examined in freshly isolated or newly thawed ONSPCs after a few culture passages. RESULTS SZ-ONSPCs exhibited a lower mitochondrial ATP production and insensitivity to agents capable of positively or negatively affecting β-catenin expression with respect to NS-ONSPCs. As to proliferation, it declined in SZ-ONSPCs as the number of culture passages increased compared to a steady level of growth shown by NS-ONSPCs. CONCLUSIONS The ease and safety of sample collection as well as the differences observed between NS- and SZ-ONSPCs, may lay the groundwork for a new approach to obtain biological material from a large number of living individuals and gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying SZ pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Idotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Angelo Pagano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Tibaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Saetti
- Department of Otolaryngology, San Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Marina Silvestrini
- Department of Otolaryngology, San Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Peruzzo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Mental Health, ULSS 8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Meneguzzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tommaso Toffanin
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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4
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Zehtabian A, Fuchs J, Eickholt BJ, Ewers H. Automated Analysis of Neuronal Morphology in 2D Fluorescence Micrographs through an Unsupervised Semantic Segmentation of Neurons. Neuroscience 2024; 551:333-344. [PMID: 38838980 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Brain function emerges from a highly complex network of specialized cells that are interlinked by billions of synapses. The synaptic connectivity between neurons is established between the elongated processes of their axons and dendrites or, together, neurites. To establish these connections, cellular neurites have to grow in highly specialized, cell-type dependent patterns covering extensive distances and connecting with thousands of other neurons. The outgrowth and branching of neurites are tightly controlled during development and are a commonly used functional readout of imaging in the neurosciences. Manual analysis of neuronal morphology from microscopy images, however, is very time intensive and prone to bias. Most automated analyses of neurons rely on reconstruction of the neuron as a whole without a semantic analysis of each neurite. A fully-automated classification of all neurites still remains unavailable in open-source software. Here we present a standalone, GUI-based software for batch-quantification of neuronal morphology in two-dimensional fluorescence micrographs of cultured neurons with minimal requirements for user interaction. Single neurons are first reconstructed into binarized images using a Hessian-based segmentation algorithm to detect thin neurite structures combined with intensity- and shape-based reconstruction of the cell body. Neurites are then classified into axon, dendrites and their branches of increasing order using a geodesic distance transform of the cell skeleton. The software was benchmarked against a published dataset and reproduced the phenotype observed after manual annotation. Our tool promises accelerated and improved morphometric studies of neuronal morphology by allowing for consistent and automated analysis of large datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zehtabian
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Joachim Fuchs
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta J Eickholt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helge Ewers
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Saxon D, Alderman PJ, Sorrells SF, Vicini S, Corbin JG. Neuronal Subtypes and Connectivity of the Adult Mouse Paralaminar Amygdala. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0119-24.2024. [PMID: 38811163 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0119-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The paralaminar nucleus of the amygdala (PL) comprises neurons that exhibit delayed maturation. PL neurons are born during gestation but mature during adolescent ages, differentiating into excitatory neurons. These late-maturing PL neurons contribute to the increase in size and cell number of the amygdala between birth and adulthood. However, the function of the PL upon maturation is unknown, as the region has only recently begun to be characterized in detail. In this study, we investigated key defining features of the adult mouse PL; the intrinsic morpho-electric properties of its neurons, and its input and output circuit connectivity. We identify two subtypes of excitatory neurons in the PL based on unsupervised clustering of electrophysiological properties. These subtypes are defined by differential action potential firing properties and dendritic architecture, suggesting divergent functional roles. We further uncover major axonal inputs to the adult PL from the main olfactory network and basolateral amygdala. We also find that axonal outputs from the PL project reciprocally to these inputs and to diverse targets including the amygdala, frontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and brainstem. Thus, the adult mouse PL is centrally placed to play a major role in the integration of olfactory sensory information, to coordinate affective and autonomic behavioral responses to salient odor stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Saxon
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20011
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Pia J Alderman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Shawn F Sorrells
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Stefano Vicini
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Joshua G Corbin
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20011
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6
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Gyimesi M, Okolicsanyi RK, Haupt LM. Beyond amyloid and tau: rethinking Alzheimer's disease through less explored avenues. Open Biol 2024; 14:240035. [PMID: 38862019 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), pose a significant challenge in ageing populations. Our current understanding indicates that the onset of toxic amyloid and tau protein pathologies initiates disease progression. However, existing treatments targeting these hallmark symptoms offer symptomatic relief without halting disease advancement. This review offers an alternative perspective on AD, centring on impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) as a potential early aetiological factor. By delving into the intricate molecular events during the initial stages of AD (Braak Stages I-III), a novel hypothesis is presented, interweaving the roles of Notch signalling and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in compromised AHN. While acknowledging the significance of the amyloid and tau hypotheses, it calls for further exploration beyond these paradigms, suggesting the potential of altered HS sulfation patterns in AD initiation. Future directions propose more detailed investigations into early HS aggregation, aberrant sulfation patterns and examination of their temporal relationship with tau hyperphosphorylation. In challenging the conventional 'triggers' of AD and urging their reconsideration as symptoms, this review advocates an alternative approach to understanding this disease, offering new avenues of investigation into the intricacies of AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gyimesi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave , Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - R K Okolicsanyi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave , Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular Matrices , Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - L M Haupt
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave , Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular Matrices , Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave , Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies , Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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7
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Borikar SP, Sonawane DS, Tapre DN, Jain SP. Exploring the neuropharmacological potential of empagliflozin on nootropic and scopolamine-induced amnesic model of Alzheimer's like conditions in rats. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38626288 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2342973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most challenging and prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally with a rising prevalence, characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioural changes. Current research aims to determine the nootropic and anti-amnesic effect of Empagliflozin (EMPA) against scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats, by modulating the cholinergic and N-Methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors. METHODS Rats were treated once daily with an EMPA (5 and 10 mg/kg) and donepezil (2.5 mg/kg) for successive 26 days. During the final 13 days of treatment, a daily injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg) was administered to induce cognitive deficits. RESULTS EMPA was found to be significantly reduce escape latency, increase time spent in the target quadrant, and enhanced the number of target zone crossings in the Morris water maze (MWM) test, indicating improved spatial memory. Moreover, EMPA increased the recognition index and the number of spontaneous alternations in the novel object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests, respectively, suggesting enhanced memory. DISCUSSION Interestingly doses of EMPA (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg) exhibited memory-enhancing effects even in the absence of scopolamine-induced impairment. Biochemical analysis revealed that EMPA elevated the levels of glutathione (GSH), a potent antioxidant, while decreasing lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity and increasing catalase (CAT) levels, indicating its antioxidative properties. Interestingly molecular docking studies revealed that EMPA fit perfectly in the active sites of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) and NMDA receptors. These results indicated that the nootropic and antiamnesic effect of EMPA is possibly mediated via M1 and NMDA receptors and might be a remedy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin P Borikar
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dipak S Sonawane
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepali N Tapre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shirish P Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra, India
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8
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Lazarov O, Gupta M, Kumar P, Morrissey Z, Phan T. Memory circuits in dementia: The engram, hippocampal neurogenesis and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 236:102601. [PMID: 38570083 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Here, we provide an in-depth consideration of our current understanding of engrams, spanning from molecular to network levels, and hippocampal neurogenesis, in health and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review highlights novel findings in these emerging research fields and future research directions for novel therapeutic avenues for memory failure in dementia. Engrams, memory in AD, and hippocampal neurogenesis have each been extensively studied. The integration of these topics, however, has been relatively less deliberated, and is the focus of this review. We primarily focus on the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, which is a key area of episodic memory formation. Episodic memory is significantly impaired in AD, and is also the site of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Advancements in technology, especially opto- and chemogenetics, have made sophisticated manipulations of engram cells possible. Furthermore, innovative methods have emerged for monitoring neurons, even specific neuronal populations, in vivo while animals engage in tasks, such as calcium imaging. In vivo calcium imaging contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of engram cells. Critically, studies of the engram in the DG using these technologies have shown the important contribution of hippocampal neurogenesis for memory in both health and AD. Together, the discussion of these topics provides a holistic perspective that motivates questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Muskan Gupta
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zachery Morrissey
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Trongha Phan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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9
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Ferreira A, Constantinescu VS, Malvaut S, Saghatelyan A, Hardy SV. Distinct forms of structural plasticity of adult-born interneuron spines in the mouse olfactory bulb induced by different odor learning paradigms. Commun Biol 2024; 7:420. [PMID: 38582915 PMCID: PMC10998910 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The morpho-functional properties of neural networks constantly adapt in response to environmental stimuli. The olfactory bulb is particularly prone to constant reshaping of neural networks because of ongoing neurogenesis. It remains unclear whether the complexity of distinct odor-induced learning paradigms and sensory stimulation induces different forms of structural plasticity. In the present study, we automatically reconstructed spines in 3D from confocal images and performed unsupervised clustering based on morphometric features. We show that while sensory deprivation decreased the spine density of adult-born neurons without affecting the morphometric properties of these spines, simple and complex odor learning paradigms triggered distinct forms of structural plasticity. A simple odor learning task affected the morphometric properties of the spines, whereas a complex odor learning task induced changes in spine density. Our work reveals distinct forms of structural plasticity in the olfactory bulb tailored to the complexity of odor-learning paradigms and sensory inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Ferreira
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Vlad-Stefan Constantinescu
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sarah Malvaut
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Simon V Hardy
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Yan J, Wu J, Xu M, Wang M, Guo W. Disrupted de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition in pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl2764. [PMID: 38579001 PMCID: PMC10997211 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite seizure control by early high-dose pyridoxine (vitamin B6) treatment, at least 75% of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) patients with ALDH7A1 mutation still suffer from intellectual disability. It points to a need for additional therapeutic interventions for PDE beyond pyridoxine treatment, which provokes us to investigate the mechanisms underlying the impairment of brain hemostasis by ALDH7A1 deficiency. In this study, we show that ALDH7A1-deficient mice with seizure control exhibit altered adult hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired cognitive functions. Mechanistically, ALDH7A1 deficiency leads to the accumulation of toxic lysine catabolism intermediates, α-aminoadipic-δ-semialdehyde and its cyclic form, δ-1-piperideine-6-carboxylate, which in turn impair de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and inhibit NSC proliferation and differentiation. Notably, supplementation of pyrimidines rescues abnormal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment in ALDH7A1-deficient adult mice. Therefore, our findings not only define the important role of ALDH7A1 in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis but also provide a potential therapeutic intervention to ameliorate the defective mental capacities in PDE patients with seizure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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11
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Gao M, Dong Q, Yang Z, Zou D, Han Y, Chen Z, Xu R. Long non-coding RNA H19 regulates neurogenesis of induced neural stem cells in a mouse model of closed head injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:872-880. [PMID: 37843223 PMCID: PMC10664125 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as a potential treatment for neural regeneration following closed head injury. We previously reported that induced neural stem cells exert beneficial effects on neural regeneration via cell replacement. However, the neural regeneration efficiency of induced neural stem cells remains limited. In this study, we explored differentially expressed genes and long non-coding RNAs to clarify the mechanism underlying the neurogenesis of induced neural stem cells. We found that H19 was the most downregulated neurogenesis-associated lncRNA in induced neural stem cells compared with induced pluripotent stem cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that H19 levels in induced neural stem cells were markedly lower than those in induced pluripotent stem cells and were substantially higher than those in induced neural stem cell-derived neurons. We predicted the target genes of H19 and discovered that H19 directly interacts with miR-325-3p, which directly interacts with Ctbp2 in induced pluripotent stem cells and induced neural stem cells. Silencing H19 or Ctbp2 impaired induced neural stem cell proliferation, and miR-325-3p suppression restored the effect of H19 inhibition but not the effect of Ctbp2 inhibition. Furthermore, H19 silencing substantially promoted the neural differentiation of induced neural stem cells and did not induce apoptosis of induced neural stem cells. Notably, silencing H19 in induced neural stem cell grafts markedly accelerated the neurological recovery of closed head injury mice. Our results reveal that H19 regulates the neurogenesis of induced neural stem cells. H19 inhibition may promote the neural differentiation of induced neural stem cells, which is closely associated with neurological recovery following closed head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mou Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Zhongsai Stem Cell Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd., Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Qin Dong
- Department of Neurology, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Zhongsai Stem Cell Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd., Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Dan Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yajuan Han
- Zhongsai Stem Cell Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd., Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhanfeng Chen
- Zhongsai Stem Cell Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd., Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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12
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Balbim GM, Boa Sorte Silva NC, Ten Brinke L, Falck RS, Hortobágyi T, Granacher U, Erickson KI, Hernández-Gamboa R, Liu-Ambrose T. Aerobic exercise training effects on hippocampal volume in healthy older individuals: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. GeroScience 2024; 46:2755-2764. [PMID: 37943486 PMCID: PMC10828456 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) lasting ≥ 4 weeks on hippocampal volume and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in cognitively unimpaired, healthy older individuals. Random-effects robust variance estimation models were used to test differences between AET and controls, while meta-regressions tested associations between CRF and hippocampal volume changes. We included eight studies (N = 554) delivering fully supervised AET for 3 to 12 months (M = 7.8, SD = 4.5) with an average AET volume of 129.85 min/week (SD = 45.5) at moderate-to-vigorous intensity. There were no significant effects of AET on hippocampal volume (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI - 0.01 to 0.21, p = 0.073), but AET moderately improved CRF (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.48, p = 0.005). Improvement in CRF was not associated with changes in hippocampal volume (bSE = 0.05, SE = 0.51, p = 0.923). From the limited number of studies, AET does not seem to impact hippocampal volume in cognitively unimpaired, healthy older individuals. Notable methodological limitations across investigations might mask the lack of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Moraes Balbim
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nárlon Cássio Boa Sorte Silva
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lisanne Ten Brinke
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ryan S Falck
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience, Orlando, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Rebeca Hernández-Gamboa
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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13
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Zhou S, Makashova O, Chevillard PM, Josey V, Li B, Prager-Khoutorsky M. Constitutive cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis and subfornical organ of adult rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13377. [PMID: 38418229 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Neurogenesis continues throughout adulthood in the subventricular zone, hippocampal subgranular zone, and the hypothalamic median eminence (ME) and the adjacent medio-basal hypothalamus. The ME is one of the circumventricular organs (CVO), which are specialized brain areas characterized by an incomplete blood-brain barrier and, thus, are involved in mediating communication between the central nervous system and the periphery. Additional CVOs include the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) and the subfornical organs (SFO). Previous studies have demonstrated that the ME contains neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of generating new neurons and glia in the adult brain. However, it remains unclear whether the OVLT and SFO also contain proliferating cells, the identity of these cells, and their ability to differentiate into mature neurons. Here we show that glial and mural subtypes exhibit NSC characteristics, expressing the endogenous mitotic maker Ki67, and incorporating the exogenous mitotic marker BrdU in the OVLT and SFO of adult rats. Glial cells constitutively proliferating in the SFO comprise NG2 glia, while in the OVLT, both NG2 glia and tanycytes appear to constitute the NSC pool. Furthermore, pericytes, which are mural cells associated with capillaries, also contribute to the pool of cells constitutively proliferating in the OVLT and SFO of adult rats. In addition to these glial and mural cells, a fraction of NSCs containing proliferation markers Ki67 and BrdU also expresses the early postmitotic neuronal marker doublecortin, suggesting that these CVOs comprise newborn neurons. Notably, these neurons can differentiate and express the mature neuronal marker NeuN. These findings establish the sensory CVOs OVLT and SFO as additional neurogenic niches, where the generation of new neurons and glia persists in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suijian Zhou
- Department of Physiology, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olena Makashova
- Department of Physiology, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Marie Chevillard
- Department of Physiology, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vanessa Josey
- Department of Physiology, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Banruo Li
- Department of Physiology, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Masha Prager-Khoutorsky
- Department of Physiology, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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14
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Han Y, Weng W, Zhang Y, Feng Q, Ma Y, Quan A, Fu X, Zhao X, Skudder-Hill L, Jiang J, Zhou Y, Chen H, Feng J. Intraoperative application of intelligent, responsive, self-assembling hydrogel rectifies oxygen and energy metabolism in traumatically injured brain. Biomaterials 2024; 306:122495. [PMID: 38309053 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In managing severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), emergency surgery involving the removal of damaged brain tissue and intracerebral hemorrhage is a priority. Secondary brain injury caused by oxidative stress and energy metabolic disorders, triggered by both primary mechanical brain damage and surgical insult, is also a determining factor in the prognosis of TBI. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of traditional postoperative intravenous neuroprotective agents therapy is often limited by the lack of targeting, timeliness, and side effects when neuroprotective agents systemically delivered. Here, we have developed injectable, intelligent, self-assembling hydrogels (P-RT/2DG) that can achieve precise treatment through intraoperative application to the target area. P-RT/2DG hydrogels were prepared by integrating a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal linker (RT) into polyethylene glycol. By scavenging ROS and releasing 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) during degradation, these hydrogels functioned both in antioxidation and energy metabolism to inhibit the vicious cycle of post-TBI ROS-lactate which provoked secondary injury. In vitro and in vivo tests confirmed the absence of systemic side effects and the neuroprotective function of P-RT/2DG hydrogels in reducing edema, nerve cell apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and maintaining the blood-brain barrier. Our study thus provides a potential treatment strategy with novel hydrogels in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Han
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiji Weng
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Feng
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiao Ma
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, China
| | - Ankang Quan
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xianhua Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suqian First People's Hospital, The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Radiology Department, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Loren Skudder-Hill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyao Jiang
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Radiology Department, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suqian First People's Hospital, The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China.
| | - Junfeng Feng
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Aljuraysi S, Platt M, Pulix M, Poptani H, Plagge A. Microcephaly with a disproportionate hippocampal reduction, stem cell loss and neuronal lipid droplet symptoms in Trappc9 KO mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106431. [PMID: 38331351 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the human TRAFFICKING PROTEIN PARTICLE COMPLEX SUBUNIT 9 (TRAPPC9) cause a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by microcephaly and intellectual disability. Trappc9 constitutes a subunit specific to the intracellular membrane-associated TrappII complex. The TrappII complex interacts with Rab11 and Rab18, the latter being specifically associated with lipid droplets (LDs). Here we used non-invasive imaging to characterise Trappc9 knock-out (KO) mice as a model of the human hereditary disorder. KOs developed postnatal microcephaly with many grey and white matter regions being affected. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified a disproportionately stronger volume reduction in the hippocampus, which was associated with a significant loss of Sox2-positive neural stem and progenitor cells. Diffusion tensor imaging indicated a reduced organisation or integrity of white matter areas. Trappc9 KOs displayed behavioural abnormalities in several tests related to exploration, learning and memory. Trappc9-deficient primary hippocampal neurons accumulated a larger LD volume per cell following Oleic Acid stimulation, and the coating of LDs by Perilipin-2 was much reduced. Additionally, Trappc9 KOs developed obesity, which was significantly more severe in females than in males. Our findings indicate that, beyond previously reported Rab11-related vesicle transport defects, dysfunctions in LD homeostasis might contribute to the neurobiological symptoms of Trappc9 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Aljuraysi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michela Pulix
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Antonius Plagge
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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16
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Norevik CS, Huuha AM, Røsbjørgen RN, Hildegard Bergersen L, Jacobsen K, Miguel-Dos-Santos R, Ryan L, Skender B, Moreira JBN, Kobro-Flatmoen A, Witter MP, Scrimgeour N, Tari AR. Exercised blood plasma promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in the Alzheimer's disease rat brain. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:245-255. [PMID: 37500010 PMCID: PMC10980897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training promotes brain plasticity and is associated with protection against cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These beneficial effects may be partly mediated by blood-borne factors. Here we used an in vitro model of AD to investigate effects of blood plasma from exercise-trained donors on neuronal viability, and an in vivo rat model of AD to test whether such plasma impacts cognitive function, amyloid pathology, and neurogenesis. METHODS Mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were exposed to AD-like stress using amyloid-β and treated with plasma collected from human male donors 3 h after a single bout of high-intensity exercise. For in vivo studies, blood was collected from exercise-trained young male Wistar rats (high-intensity intervals 5 days/week for 6 weeks). Transgenic AD rats (McGill-R-Thy1-APP) were injected 5 times/fortnight for 6 weeks at 2 months or 5 months of age with either (a) plasma from the exercise-trained rats, (b) plasma from sedentary rats, or (c) saline. Cognitive function, amyloid plaque pathology, and neurogenesis were assessed. The plasma used for the treatment was analyzed for 23 cytokines. RESULTS Plasma from exercised donors enhanced cell viability by 44.1% (p = 0.032) and reduced atrophy by 50.0% (p < 0.001) in amyloid-β-treated cells. In vivo exercised plasma treatment did not alter cognitive function or amyloid plaque pathology but did increase hippocampal neurogenesis by ∼3 fold, regardless of pathological stage, when compared to saline-treated rats. Concentrations of 7 cytokines were significantly reduced in exercised plasma compared to sedentary plasma. CONCLUSION Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that plasma from exercise-trained donors can protect neuronal cells in culture and promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the AD rat brain. This effect may be partly due to reduced pro-inflammatory signaling molecules in exercised plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Skarstad Norevik
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aleksi M Huuha
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ragnhild N Røsbjørgen
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Kamilla Jacobsen
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rodrigo Miguel-Dos-Santos
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Liv Ryan
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Belma Skender
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, and Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jose Bianco N Moreira
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, and Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer's Disease, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Menno P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, and Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer's Disease, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nathan Scrimgeour
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atefe R Tari
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
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17
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Zhang Y, Li S, Li L, Huang H, Fu Z, Hua Z. Bilirubin impairs neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis in NSPCs by downregulating NMDAR-CREB-BDNF signaling. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:161-171. [PMID: 38216855 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common disorders in the first 2 wk after birth. Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) is neurotoxic and can cause neurological dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Neurogenesis, neuronal growth, and synaptogenesis are exuberant in the early postnatal stage. In this study, the impact of UCB on neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis in the early postnatal stage was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Primary culture neuronal stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) were treated with UCB during differentiation, and then the neurite length and synapse puncta were measured. In the bilirubin encephalopathy (BE) animal model, DCX+-marked developing neurons were used to detect apical length and dendritic arborization. According to the data, UCB significantly reduced neurite length and synapse density, as well as decreased the apical dendrite length and dendritic arborization. Furthermore, the NMDAR subunit NR2B was downregulated in NSPCs, while pCREB expression in the hippocampus progressively decreased during disease progression in the BE model. Next, we tested the expression of NR2B, pCREB, mBDNF, and p-mTOR in NSPCs in vitro, and found that UCB treatment reduced the expression of these proteins. In summary, this suggests that UCB causes chronic neurological impairment and is related to the inhibition of NMDAR-CREB-BDNF signaling in NSPCs, which is associated with reduced neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis. This finding may inspire the development of novel pharmaceuticals and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hongmei Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Ziyu Hua
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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18
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Mortessagne P, Cartier E, Balia M, Fèvre M, Corailler F, Herry C, Abrous DN, Battefeld A, Pacary E. Genetic labeling of embryonically-born dentate granule neurons in young mice using the Penk Cre mouse line. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5022. [PMID: 38424161 PMCID: PMC10904803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is a mosaic of dentate granule neurons (DGNs) accumulated throughout life. While many studies focused on the morpho-functional properties of adult-born DGNs, much less is known about DGNs generated during development, and in particular those born during embryogenesis. One of the main reasons for this gap is the lack of methods available to specifically label and manipulate embryonically-born DGNs. Here, we have assessed the relevance of the PenkCre mouse line as a genetic model to target this embryonically-born population. In young animals, PenkCre expression allows to tag neurons in the DG with positional, morphological and electrophysiological properties characteristic of DGNs born during the embryonic period. In addition, PenkCre+ cells in the DG are distributed in both blades along the entire septo-temporal axis. This model thus offers new possibilities to explore the functions of this underexplored population of embryonically-born DGNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mortessagne
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Estelle Cartier
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maddalena Balia
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Murielle Fèvre
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fiona Corailler
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Herry
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Djoher Nora Abrous
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Arne Battefeld
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilie Pacary
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
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19
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Sharifi KA, Farzad F, Soldozy S, DeWitt MR, Price RJ, Sheehan J, Kalani MYS, Tvrdik P. Exploring the dynamics of adult Axin2 cell lineage integration into dentate gyrus granule neurons. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1353142. [PMID: 38449734 PMCID: PMC10915230 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1353142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway plays critical roles in neurogenesis. The expression of Axin2 is induced by Wnt/β-catenin signaling, making this gene a reliable indicator of canonical Wnt activity. We employed pulse-chase genetic lineage tracing with the Axin2-CreERT2 allele to follow the fate of Axin2+ lineage in the adult hippocampal formation. We found Axin2 expressed in astrocytes, neurons and endothelial cells, as well as in the choroid plexus epithelia. Simultaneously with the induction of Axin2 fate mapping by tamoxifen, we marked the dividing cells with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU). Tamoxifen induction led to a significant increase in labeled dentate gyrus granule cells three months later. However, none of these neurons showed any EdU signal. Conversely, six months after the pulse-chase labeling with tamoxifen/EdU, we identified granule neurons that were positive for both EdU and tdTomato lineage tracer in each animal. Our data indicates that Axin2 is expressed at multiple stages of adult granule neuron differentiation. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the integration process of adult-born neurons from specific cell lineages may require more time than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh A Sharifi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Faraz Farzad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sauson Soldozy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Matthew R DeWitt
- Department of Focused Ultrasound Cancer Immunotherapy Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Richard J Price
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jason Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - M Yashar S Kalani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- School of Medicine, St. John's Neuroscience Institute, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Petr Tvrdik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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20
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Liu Q, Luo X, Liang Z, Qin D, Xu M, Wang M, Guo W. Coordination between circadian neural circuit and intracellular molecular clock ensures rhythmic activation of adult neural stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318030121. [PMID: 38346182 PMCID: PMC10895264 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock throughout the day organizes the activity of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of adult hippocampus temporally. However, it is still unclear whether and how circadian signals from the niches contribute to daily rhythmic variation of NSC activation. Here, we show that norepinephrinergic (NEergic) projections from the locus coeruleus (LC), a brain arousal system, innervate into adult DG, where daily rhythmic release of norepinephrine (NE) from the LC NEergic neurons controlled circadian variation of NSC activation through β3-adrenoceptors. Disrupted circadian rhythmicity by acute sleep deprivation leads to transient NSC overactivation and NSC pool exhaustion over time, which is effectively ameliorated by the inhibition of the LC NEergic neuronal activity or β3-adrenoceptors-mediated signaling. Finally, we demonstrate that NE/β3-adrenoceptors-mediated signaling regulates NSC activation through molecular clock BMAL1. Therefore, our study unravels that adult NSCs precisely coordinate circadian neural circuit and intrinsic molecular circadian clock to adapt their cellular behavior across the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Xing Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Dezhe Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
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21
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Dos Santos B, Piermartiri T, Tasca CI. The impact of purine nucleosides on neuroplasticity in the adult brain. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09988-9. [PMID: 38367178 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the nervous system's ability to adapt and reorganize its cell structures and neuronal networks in response to internal and external stimuli. In adults, this process involves neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and synaptic and neurochemical plasticity. Several studies have reported the significant impact of the purinergic system on neuroplasticity modulation. And, there is considerable evidence supporting the role of purine nucleosides, such as adenosine, inosine, and guanosine, in this process. This review presents extensive research on how these nucleosides enhance the neuroplasticity of the adult central nervous system, particularly in response to damage. The mechanisms through which these nucleosides exert their effects involve complex interactions with various receptors and signaling pathways. Adenosine's influence on neurogenesis involves interactions with adenosine receptors, specifically A1R and A2AR. A1R activation appears to inhibit neuronal differentiation and promote astrogliogenesis, while A2AR activation supports neurogenesis, neuritogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Inosine and guanosine positively impact cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and neuritogenesis. Inosine seems to modulate extracellular adenosine levels, and guanosine might act through interactions between purinergic and glutamatergic systems. Additionally, the review discusses the potential therapeutic implications of purinergic signaling in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, emphasizing the importance of these nucleosides in the neuroplasticity of brain function and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tetsade Piermartiri
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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22
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Saxon D, Alderman PJ, Sorrells SF, Vicini S, Corbin JG. Neuronal subtypes and connectivity of the adult mouse paralaminar amygdala. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.11.575250. [PMID: 38260244 PMCID: PMC10802617 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.11.575250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The paralaminar nucleus of the amygdala (PL) is comprised of neurons which exhibit delayed maturation. PL neurons are born during gestation but mature during adolescent ages, differentiating into excitatory neurons. The PL is prominent in the adult amygdala, contributing to its increased neuron number and relative size compared to childhood. However, the function of the PL is unknown, as the region has only recently begun to be characterized in detail. In this study, we investigated key defining features of the adult PL; the intrinsic morpho-electric properties of its neurons, and its input and output connectivity. We identify two subtypes of excitatory neurons in the PL based on unsupervised clustering of electrophysiological properties. These subtypes are defined by differential action potential firing properties and dendritic architecture, suggesting divergent functional roles. We further uncover major axonal inputs to the adult PL from the main olfactory network and basolateral amygdala. We also find that axonal outputs from the PL project reciprocally to major inputs, and to diverse targets including the amygdala, frontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and brainstem. Thus, the adult PL is centrally placed to play a major role in the integration of olfactory sensory information, likely coordinating affective and autonomic behavioral responses to salient odor stimuli. Significance Statement Mammalian amygdala development includes a growth period from childhood to adulthood, believed to support emotional and social learning. This amygdala growth is partly due to the maturation of neurons during adolescence in the paralaminar amygdala. However, the functional properties of these neurons are unknown. In our recent studies, we characterized the paralaminar amygdala in the mouse. Here, we investigate the properties of the adult PL in the mouse, revealing the existence of two neuronal subtypes that may play distinct functional roles in the adult brain. We further reveal the brain-wide input and output connectivity of the PL, indicating that the PL combines olfactory cues for emotional processing and delivers information to regions associated with reward and autonomic states.
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23
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Liu K, Qu Y, Li B, Zeng N, Yao G, Wu X, Xu H, Yan C, Wu L. GRP94 in cerebrospinal fluid may contribute to a potential biomarker of depression: Based on proteomics. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:328-340. [PMID: 38081093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate potential biomarkers of depression and targets of antidepressants from the perspective of hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics. Firstly, a six-week depression model was established and treated with fluoxetine (FLX). We found antidepressant-FLX could ameliorate depression-like behaviors and cognition in depressed rats caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). FLX significantly increased neuronal numbers in dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 regions of hippocampus. CSF proteome data revealed thirty-seven differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) co-regulated by CUMS and FLX, including GRP94 and EIF2α. Results of Gene Oncology (GO) annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment for DEPs mainly included PERK-mediated unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum, and translational initiation. The expression levels of GRP94, p-PERK, p-EIF2α, CHOP and Caspase-12 were increased in hippocampus of CUMS rats, and FLX worked the opposite way. FLX had strong affinity and binding activity with GRP94 protein, and four key proteins on the PERK pathway (PERK, EIF2α, p-EIF2α, CHOP). We proposed that FLX may exert antidepressant effects and neuroprotective action by alleviating excessive activation of the hippocampal PERK pathway and reducing neuronal deficits in depressed rats. PERK, EIF2α, p-EIF2α, and CHOP may be potential targets for antidepressant-FLX. GRP94 in CSF may be a potential biomarker of depression and the therapeutic effects of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Liu
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue Qu
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bozhi Li
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ningxi Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Gaolei Yao
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hanfang Xu
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Can Yan
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Lili Wu
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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24
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Jastrzębski MK, Wójcik P, Stępnicki P, Kaczor AA. Effects of small molecules on neurogenesis: Neuronal proliferation and differentiation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:20-37. [PMID: 38239239 PMCID: PMC10793103 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons are believed to be non-proliferating cells. However, neuronal stem cells are still present in certain areas of the adult brain, although their proliferation diminishes with age. Just as with other cells, their proliferation and differentiation are modulated by various mechanisms. These mechanisms are foundational to the strategies developed to induce neuronal proliferation and differentiation, with potential therapeutic applications for neurodegenerative diseases. The most common among these diseases are Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, associated with the formation of β -amyloid (Aβ ) aggregates which cause a reduction in the number of neurons. Compounds such as LiCl, 4-aminothiazoles, Pregnenolone, ACEA, harmine, D2AAK1, methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, and shikonin may induce neuronal proliferation/differentiation through the activation of pathways: MAPK ERK, PI3K/AKT, NFκ B, Wnt, BDNF, and NPAS3. Moreover, combinations of these compounds can potentially transform somatic cells into neurons. This transformation process involves the activation of neuron-specific transcription factors such as NEUROD1, NGN2, ASCL1, and SOX2, which subsequently leads to the transcription of downstream genes, culminating in the transformation of somatic cells into neurons. Neurodegenerative diseases are not the only conditions where inducing neuronal proliferation could be beneficial. Consequently, the impact of pro-proliferative compounds on neurons has also been researched in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał K. Jastrzębski
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lublin PL-20093, Poland
| | - Piotr Wójcik
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lublin PL-20093, Poland
| | - Piotr Stępnicki
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lublin PL-20093, Poland
| | - Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lublin PL-20093, Poland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
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25
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Willinger Y, Friedland Cohen DR, Turgeman G. Exogenous IL-17A Alleviates Social Behavior Deficits and Increases Neurogenesis in a Murine Model of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:432. [PMID: 38203599 PMCID: PMC10779042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the proposed mechanisms for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is immune dysregulation. The proinflammatory cytokine Interleukine-17A (IL-17A) was shown to play a key role in mediating immune-related neurodevelopmental impairment of social behavior. Nevertheless, post-developmental administration of IL-17A was found to increase social behavior. In the present study, we explored the effect of post-developmental administration of IL-17A on ASD-like behaviors induced by developmental exposure to valproic acid (VPA) at postnatal day 4. At the age of seven weeks, VPA-exposed mice were intravenously injected twice with recombinant murine IL-17A (8 μg), and a week later, they were assessed for ASD-like behavior. IL-17A administration increased social behavior and alleviated the ASD-like phenotype. Behavioral changes were associated with increased serum levels of IL-17 and Th17-related cytokines. Exogenous IL-17A also increased neuritogenesis in the dendritic tree of doublecortin-expressing newly formed neurons in the dentate gyrus. Interestingly, the effect of IL-17A on neuritogenesis was more noticeable in females than in males, suggesting a sex-dependent effect of IL-17A. In conclusion, our study suggests a complex role for IL-17A in ASD. While contributing to its pathology at the developmental stage, IL-17 may also promote the alleviation of behavioral deficits post-developmentally by promoting neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehoshua Willinger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (Y.W.); (D.R.F.C.)
| | - Daniella R. Friedland Cohen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (Y.W.); (D.R.F.C.)
| | - Gadi Turgeman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (Y.W.); (D.R.F.C.)
- The Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
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26
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Sharifi KA, Farzad F, Soldozy S, Price RJ, Kalani MYS, Tvrdik P. Dynamics of Adult Axin2 Cell Lineage Integration in Granule Neurons of the Dentate Gyrus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.09.570930. [PMID: 38106115 PMCID: PMC10723478 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.09.570930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt pathway plays critical roles in neurogenesis. The expression of Axin2 is induced by Wnt/β-catenin signaling, making this gene a sensitive indicator of canonical Wnt activity. We employed pulse-chase genetic lineage tracing with the Axin2-CreERT2 allele to follow the fate of Axin2 -positive cells in the adult hippocampal formation. We found Axin2 expressed in astrocytes, neurons and endothelial cells, as well as in the choroid plexus epithelia. Simultaneously with tamoxifen induction of Axin2 fate mapping, the dividing cells were marked with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU). Tamoxifen induction resulted in significant increase of dentate gyrus granule cells three months later; however, none of these neurons contained EdU signal. Conversely, six months after the tamoxifen/EdU pulse-chase labeling, EdU-positive granule neurons were identified in each animal. Our data imply that Axin2 is expressed at several different stages of adult granule neuron differentiation and suggest that the process of integration of the adult-born neurons from certain cell lineages may take longer than previously thought.
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27
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Gabarró-Solanas R, Davaatseren A, Kleifeld J, Kepčija T, Köcher T, Giralt A, Crespo-Enríquez I, Urbán N. Adult neural stem cells and neurogenesis are resilient to intermittent fasting. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57268. [PMID: 37987220 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising strategy to counteract ageing shown to increase the number of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus of mice. However, it is unclear which steps of the adult neurogenesis process are regulated by IF. The number of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) decreases with age in an activation-dependent manner and, to counteract this loss, adult NSCs are found in a quiescent state which ensures their long-term maintenance. We aimed to determine if and how IF affects adult NSCs in the hippocampus. To identify the effects of every-other-day IF on NSCs and all following steps in the neurogenic lineage, we combined fasting with lineage tracing and label retention assays. We show here that IF does not affect NSC activation or maintenance and, that contrary to previous reports, IF does not increase neurogenesis. The same results are obtained regardless of strain, sex, diet length, tamoxifen administration or new-born neuron identification method. Our data suggest that NSCs maintain homeostasis upon IF and that this intervention is not a reliable strategy to increase adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Gabarró-Solanas
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amarbayasgalan Davaatseren
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Justus Kleifeld
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Kepčija
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iván Crespo-Enríquez
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Noelia Urbán
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
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28
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Quan H, Zhang R. Microglia dynamic response and phenotype heterogeneity in neural regeneration following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1320271. [PMID: 38094292 PMCID: PMC10716326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1320271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury poses a significant threat to the neural niche within the central nervous system. In response to this pathological process, microglia, as innate immune cells in the central nervous system, undergo rapid morphological, molecular and functional changes. Here, we comprehensively review these dynamic changes in microglial response to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury under pathological conditions, including stroke, chronic intermittent hypoxia and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. We focus on the regulation of signaling pathways under hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and further describe the process of microenvironment remodeling and neural tissue regeneration mediated by microglia after hypoxic-ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Runrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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29
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Berdugo‐Vega G, Dhingra S, Calegari F. Sharpening the blades of the dentate gyrus: how adult-born neurons differentially modulate diverse aspects of hippocampal learning and memory. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113524. [PMID: 37743770 PMCID: PMC11059975 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the mammalian hippocampus has been the focus of cellular, anatomical, behavioral, and computational studies aimed at understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying cognition. Long recognized as the brain's seat for learning and memory, a wealth of knowledge has been accumulated on how the hippocampus processes sensory input, builds complex associations between objects, events, and space, and stores this information in the form of memories to be retrieved later in life. However, despite major efforts, our understanding of hippocampal cognitive function remains fragmentary, and models trying to explain it are continually revisited. Here, we review the literature across all above-mentioned domains and offer a new perspective by bringing attention to the most distinctive, and generally neglected, feature of the mammalian hippocampal formation, namely, the structural separability of the two blades of the dentate gyrus into "supra-pyramidal" and "infra-pyramidal". Next, we discuss recent reports supporting differential effects of adult neurogenesis in the regulation of mature granule cell activity in these two blades. We propose a model for how differences in connectivity and adult neurogenesis in the two blades can potentially provide a substrate for subtly different cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Berdugo‐Vega
- CRTD‐Center for Regenerative Therapies DresdenTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Present address:
Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Shonali Dhingra
- CRTD‐Center for Regenerative Therapies DresdenTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Federico Calegari
- CRTD‐Center for Regenerative Therapies DresdenTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
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30
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Liu J, Wang Y, Li Q, Liu T, Liu X, Zhang H, Fu Z, Dai Y, Yang H, Wang Y, Wang Y. Phenylethanoid glycosides derived from Cistanche deserticola promote neurological functions and the proliferation of neural stem cells for improving ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115507. [PMID: 37722192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylethanoid glycosides derived from Cistanche deserticola (PhGs) are plant-derived natural medicinal compounds that occur in many medicinal plants. This study aims to investigate whether PhGs treatment improves the stroke and its potential mechanisms. Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were administrated PhGs once daily for 7 days after MCAO surgery. The neurological score, and catwalk were evaluated on Day 1, 3 and 7 after ischemic stroke. Furthermore, triphenyl-2,3,5-tetrazoliumchloride (TTC) and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining were used for evaluating the infarct volume and neuronal restoration. The effects of PhGs on NSCs proliferation were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Western blot was used to detect the proteins of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study found that PhGs effectively improved the neurological functions in ischemic stroke mice. TTC and H&E staining demonstrated that PhGs not only reduced infarct volume, but also improved neuronal restoration. The immunohistochemistry and 5-Ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assays revealed that PhGs promoted the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in subventricular zone (SVZ). In addition, transcriptome analysis of NSCs showed that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was involved in the PhGs induced NSCs proliferation. Importantly, the related proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were changed after PhGs treatment, including β-catenin, Wnt3a, GSK-3β, c-Myc. PhGs treatment improved the stroke through enhancing endogenous NSCs proliferation via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Due to its effect on the proliferation of NSCs, PhGs are a potential adjuvant therapeutic drug for post-stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qinyuan Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Tianjin Xiqing District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhifei Fu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Haiyuan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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31
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Lupo G. Adult neurogenesis and aging mechanisms: a collection of insights. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18104. [PMID: 37872391 PMCID: PMC10593941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lupo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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32
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Yang X, Qi Y, Wang C, Zwang TJ, Rommelfanger NJ, Hong G, Lieber CM. Laminin-coated electronic scaffolds with vascular topography for tracking and promoting the migration of brain cells after injury. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1282-1292. [PMID: 37814007 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
In the adult brain, neural stem cells are largely restricted into spatially discrete neurogenic niches, and hence areas of neuron loss during neurodegenerative disease or following a stroke or traumatic brain injury do not typically repopulate spontaneously. Moreover, understanding neural activity accompanying the neural repair process is hindered by a lack of minimally invasive devices for the chronic measurement of the electrophysiological dynamics in damaged brain tissue. Here we show that 32 individually addressable platinum microelectrodes integrated into laminin-coated branched polymer scaffolds stereotaxically injected to span a hydrogel-filled cortical lesion and deeper regions in the brains of mice promote neural regeneration while allowing for the tracking of migrating host brain cells into the lesion. Chronic measurements of single-unit activity and neural-circuit analyses revealed the establishment of spiking activity in new neurons in the lesion and their functional connections with neurons deeper in the brain. Electronic implants mimicking the topographical and surface properties of brain vasculature may aid the stimulation and tracking of neural-circuit restoration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chonghe Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Theodore J Zwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Charles M Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Lieber Research Group, Lexington, MA, USA.
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33
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Sharma DR, Cheng B, Sahu R, Zhang X, Mehdizadeh R, Singh D, Iacobas D, Ballabh P. Oestrogen treatment restores dentate gyrus development in premature newborns by IGF1 regulation. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2467-2481. [PMID: 37594177 PMCID: PMC10468667 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prematurely-born infants cared for in the neonatal units suffer from memory and learning deficits. Prematurity diminishes neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). This dysmaturation of neurons is attributed to elevated PSD95, NMDR2A, and IGF1 levels. Since oestrogen treatment plays key roles in the development and plasticity of DG, we hypothesized that 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment would ameliorate neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the DG, reversing cognitive deficits in premature newborns. Additionally, E2-induced recovery would be mediated by IGF1 signalling. These hypotheses were tested in a rabbit model of prematurity and nonmaternal care, in which premature kits were gavage-fed and reared by laboratory personnel. We compared E2- and vehicle-treated preterm kits for morphological, molecular, and behavioural parameters. We also treated kits with oestrogen degrader, RAD1901, and assessed IGF1 signalling. We found that E2 treatment increased the number of Tbr2+ and DCX+ neuronal progenitors and increased the density of glutamatergic synapses in the DG. E2 treatment restored PSD95 and NMDAR2A levels and cognitive function in preterm kits. Transcriptomic analyses showed that E2 treatment contributed to recovery by influencing interactions between IGF1R and neurodegenerative, as well as glutamatergic genes. ERα expression was reduced on completion of E2 treatment at D7, followed by D30 elevation. E2-induced fluctuation in ERα levels was associated with a reciprocal elevation in IGF1/2 expression at D7 and reduction at D30. ERα degradation by RAD1901 treatment enhanced IGF1 levels, suggesting ERα inhibits IGF1 expression. E2 treatment alleviates the prematurity-induced maldevelopment of DG and cognitive dysfunctions by regulating ERα and IGF1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep R. Sharma
- Department of PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Bokun Cheng
- Department of PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Rauhin Sahu
- Department of PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Xusheng Zhang
- Computational Genomics CoreAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Rana Mehdizadeh
- Department of PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Divya Singh
- Department of PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Dumitru Iacobas
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of NeuroscienceAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Texas Undergraduate Medical AcademyPrairie View A&M UniversityPrairie ViewTexasUSA
| | - Praveen Ballabh
- Department of PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of NeuroscienceAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
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34
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Zhang SQ, Deng Q, Zhu Q, Hu ZL, Long LH, Wu PF, He JG, Chen HS, Yue Z, Lu JH, Wang F, Chen JG. Cell type-specific NRBF2 orchestrates autophagic flux and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in chronic stress-induced depression. Cell Discov 2023; 9:90. [PMID: 37644025 PMCID: PMC10465581 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional autophagy and impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) each contribute to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether dysfunctional autophagy is linked to aberrant AHN underlying MDD remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that the expression of nuclear receptor binding factor 2 (NRBF2), a component of autophagy-associated PIK3C3/VPS34-containing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, is attenuated in the dentate gyrus (DG) under chronic stress. NRBF2 deficiency inhibits the activity of the VPS34 complex and impairs autophagic flux in adult neural stem cells (aNSCs). Moreover, loss of NRBF2 disrupts the neurogenesis-related protein network and causes exhaustion of aNSC pool, leading to the depression-like phenotype. Strikingly, overexpressing NRBF2 in aNSCs of the DG is sufficient to rescue impaired AHN and depression-like phenotype of mice. Our findings reveal a significant role of NRBF2-dependent autophagy in preventing chronic stress-induced AHN impairment and suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting NRBF2 in MDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiao Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-Gang He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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35
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Amelchenko EM, Bezriadnov DV, Chekhov OA, Ivanova AA, Kedrov AV, Anokhin KV, Lazutkin AA, Enikolopov G. Cognitive Flexibility Is Selectively Impaired by Radiation and Is Associated with Differential Recruitment of Adult-Born Neurons. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6061-6083. [PMID: 37532464 PMCID: PMC10451007 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0161-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to elevated doses of ionizing radiation, such as those in therapeutic procedures, catastrophic accidents, or space exploration, increases the risk of cognitive dysfunction. The full range of radiation-induced cognitive deficits is unknown, partly because commonly used tests may be insufficiently sensitive or may not be adequately tuned for assessing the fine behavioral features affected by radiation. Here, we asked whether γ-radiation might affect learning, memory, and the overall ability to adapt behavior to cope with a challenging environment (cognitive/behavioral flexibility). We developed a new behavioral assay, the context discrimination Morris water maze (cdMWM) task, which is hippocampus-dependent and requires the integration of various contextual cues and the adjustment of search strategies. We exposed male mice to 1 or 5 Gy of γ rays and, at different time points after irradiation, trained them consecutively in spatial MWM, reversal MWM, and cdMWM tasks, and assessed their learning, navigational search strategies, and memory. Mice exposed to 5 Gy performed successfully in the spatial and reversal MWM tasks; however, in the cdMWM task 6 or 8 weeks (but not 3 weeks) after irradiation, they demonstrated transient learning deficit, decreased use of efficient spatially precise search strategies during learning, and, 6 weeks after irradiation, memory deficit. We also observed impaired neurogenesis after irradiation and selective activation of 12-week-old newborn neurons by specific components of cdMWM training paradigm. Thus, our new behavioral paradigm reveals the effects of γ-radiation on cognitive flexibility and indicates an extended timeframe for the functional maturation of new hippocampal neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Exposure to radiation can affect cognitive performance and cognitive flexibility - the ability to adapt to changed circumstances and demands. The full range of consequences of irradiation on cognitive flexibility is unknown, partly because of a lack of suitable models. Here, we developed a new behavioral task requiring mice to combine various types of cues and strategies to find a correct solution. We show that animals exposed to γ-radiation, despite being able to successfully solve standard problems, show delayed learning, deficient memory, and diminished use of efficient navigation patterns in circumstances requiring adjustments of previously used search strategies. This new task could be applied in other settings for assessing the cognitive changes induced by aging, trauma, or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny M Amelchenko
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Dmitri V Bezriadnov
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Chekhov
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Anna A Ivanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, 117485, Russian Federation
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Kedrov
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V Anokhin
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Lazutkin
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, 117485, Russian Federation
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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36
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Amelchenko EM, Bezriadnov DV, Chekhov OA, Anokhin KV, Lazutkin AA, Enikolopov G. Age-related decline in cognitive flexibility is associated with the levels of hippocampal neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1232670. [PMID: 37645372 PMCID: PMC10461065 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1232670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with impairments in learning, memory, and cognitive flexibility, as well as a gradual decline in hippocampal neurogenesis. We investigated the performance of 6-and 14-month-old mice (considered mature adult and late middle age, respectively) in learning and memory tasks based on the Morris water maze (MWM) and determined their levels of preceding and current neurogenesis. While both age groups successfully performed in the spatial version of MWM (sMWM), the older mice were less efficient compared to the younger mice when presented with modified versions of the MWM that required a reassessment of the previously acquired experience. This was detected in the reversal version of MWM (rMWM) and was particularly evident in the context discrimination MWM (cdMWM), a novel task that required integrating various distal cues, local cues, and altered contexts and adjusting previously used search strategies. Older mice were impaired in several metrics that characterize rMWM and cdMWM, however, they showed improvement and narrowed the performance gap with the younger mice after additional training. Furthermore, we analyzed the adult-born mature and immature neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and found a significant correlation between neurogenesis levels in individual mice and their performance in the tasks demanding cognitive flexibility. These results provide a detailed description of the age-related changes in learning and memory and underscore the importance of hippocampal neurogenesis in supporting cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny M. Amelchenko
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | | | - Olga A. Chekhov
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Konstantin V. Anokhin
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Lazutkin
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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37
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Scandella V, Petrelli F, Moore DL, Braun SMG, Knobloch M. Neural stem cell metabolism revisited: a critical role for mitochondria. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:446-461. [PMID: 37380501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism has emerged as a key regulator of stem cell behavior. Mitochondria are crucial metabolic organelles that are important for differentiated cells, yet considered less so for stem cells. However, recent studies have shown that mitochondria influence stem cell maintenance and fate decisions, inviting a revised look at this topic. In this review, we cover the current literature addressing the role of mitochondrial metabolism in mouse and human neural stem cells (NSCs) in the embryonic and adult brain. We summarize how mitochondria are implicated in fate regulation and how substrate oxidation affects NSC quiescence. We further explore single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for metabolic signatures of adult NSCs, highlight emerging technologies reporting on metabolic signatures, and discuss mitochondrial metabolism in other stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Scandella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Darcie L Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Simon M G Braun
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marlen Knobloch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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38
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Ding L, Chu W, Xia Y, Shi M, Li T, Zhou FQ, Deng DYB. UCHL1 facilitates protein aggregates clearance to enhance neural stem cell activation in spinal cord injury. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:479. [PMID: 37507386 PMCID: PMC10382505 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Activation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) is greatly significant for the adult neurogenesis; however, it is extremely limited in the spinal cord after injury. Recent evidence suggests that accumulation of protein aggregates impairs the ability of quiescent NSCs to activate. Ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase l-1 (UCHL1), an important deubiquitinating enzyme, plays critical roles in protein aggregations clearance, but its effects on NSC activation remains unknown. Here, we show that UCHL1 promotes NSC activation by clearing protein aggregates through ubiquitin-proteasome approach. Upregulation of UCHL1 facilitated the proliferation of spinal cord NSCs after spinal cord injury (SCI). Based on protein microarray analysis of SCI cerebrospinal fluid, it is further revealed that C3+ neurotoxic reactive astrocytes negatively regulated UCHL1 and proteasome activity via C3/C3aR signaling, led to increased abundances of protein aggregations and decreased NSC proliferation. Furthermore, blockade of reactive astrocytes or C3/C3aR pathway enhanced NSC activation post-SCI by reserving UCHL1 and proteasome functions. Together, this study elucidated a mechanism regulating NSC activation in the adult spinal cord involving the UCHL1-proteasome approach, which may provide potential molecular targets and new insights for NSC fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Weiwei Chu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Tian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Feng-Quan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA.
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - David Y B Deng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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39
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Higuchi Y, Arakawa H. Serotonergic mediation of the brain-wide neurogenesis: Region-dependent and receptor-type specific roles on neurogenic cellular transformation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 5:100102. [PMID: 37638344 PMCID: PMC10458724 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a key molecule for the mediation of depression-related brain states, but the neural mechanisms underlying 5-HT mediation need further investigation. A possible mechanism of the therapeutic antidepressant effects is neurogenic cell production, as stimulated by 5-HT signaling. Neurogenesis, the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs), and cell differentiation and maturation occur across brain regions, particularly the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone, throughout one's lifespan. 5-HT plays a major role in the mediation of neurogenic processes, which in turn leads to the therapeutic effect on depression-related states. In this review article, we aim to identify how the neuronal 5-HT system mediates the process of neurogenesis, including cell proliferation, cell-type differentiation and maturation. First, we will provide an overview of the neurogenic cell transformation that occurs in brain regions containing or lacking NSCs. Second, we will review brain region-specific mechanisms of 5-HT-mediated neurogenesis by comparing regions localized to NSCs, i.e., the hippocampus and subventricular zone, with those not containing NSCs. Highlighting these 5-HT mechanisms that mediate neurogenic cell production processes in a brain-region-specific manner would provide unique insights into the role of 5-HT in neurogenesis and its associated effects on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Higuchi
- Department of Systems Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arakawa
- Department of Systems Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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40
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Oddi S, Fiorenza MT, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoid signaling in adult hippocampal neurogenesis: A mechanistic and integrated perspective. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101239. [PMID: 37385352 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Dentate gyrus of the hippocampus continuously gives rise to new neurons, namely, adult-born granule cells, which contribute to conferring plasticity to the mature brain throughout life. Within this neurogenic region, the fate and behavior of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their progeny result from a complex balance and integration of a variety of cell-autonomous and cell-to-cell-interaction signals and underlying pathways. Among these structurally and functionally diverse signals, there are endocannabinoids (eCBs), the main brain retrograde messengers. These pleiotropic bioactive lipids can directly and/or indirectly influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) by modulating, both positively and negatively, multiple molecular and cellular processes in the hippocampal niche, depending on the cell type or stage of differentiation. Firstly, eCBs act directly as cell-intrinsic factors, cell-autonomously produced by NSCs following their stimulation. Secondly, in many, if not all, niche-associated cells, including some local neuronal and nonneuronal elements, the eCB system indirectly modulates the neurogenesis, linking neuronal and glial activity to regulating distinct stages of AHN. Herein, we discuss the crosstalk of the eCB system with other neurogenesis-relevant signal pathways and speculate how the hippocampus-dependent neurobehavioral effects elicited by (endo)cannabinergic medications are interpretable in light of the key regulatory role that eCBs play on AHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Oddi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, Division of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Snc, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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41
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Yeo RW, Zhou OY, Zhong BL, Sun ED, Navarro Negredo P, Nair S, Sharmin M, Ruetz TJ, Wilson M, Kundaje A, Dunn AR, Brunet A. Chromatin accessibility dynamics of neurogenic niche cells reveal defects in neural stem cell adhesion and migration during aging. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:866-893. [PMID: 37443352 PMCID: PMC10353944 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The regenerative potential of brain stem cell niches deteriorates during aging. Yet the mechanisms underlying this decline are largely unknown. Here we characterize genome-wide chromatin accessibility of neurogenic niche cells in vivo during aging. Interestingly, chromatin accessibility at adhesion and migration genes decreases with age in quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) but increases with age in activated (proliferative) NSCs. Quiescent and activated NSCs exhibit opposing adhesion behaviors during aging: quiescent NSCs become less adhesive, whereas activated NSCs become more adhesive. Old activated NSCs also show decreased migration in vitro and diminished mobilization out of the niche for neurogenesis in vivo. Using tension sensors, we find that aging increases force-producing adhesions in activated NSCs. Inhibiting the cytoskeletal-regulating kinase ROCK reduces these adhesions, restores migration in old activated NSCs in vitro, and boosts neurogenesis in vivo. These results have implications for restoring the migratory potential of NSCs and for improving neurogenesis in the aged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin W Yeo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Y Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian L Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric D Sun
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Biomedical Informatics Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Surag Nair
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mahfuza Sharmin
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tyson J Ruetz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mikaela Wilson
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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42
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Luan Y, Zhang H, Ma K, Liu Y, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang Z. CCN3/NOV Regulates Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation in Mouse Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells via the Activation of the Notch/PTEN/AKT Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10324. [PMID: 37373471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the subgranular zone (SGZ) throughout the lifespan and hold immense potential for the repair and regeneration of the central nervous system, including hippocampal-related diseases. Several studies have demonstrated that cellular communication network protein 3 (CCN3) regulates multiple types of stem cells. However, the role of CCN3 in NSCs remains unknown. In this study, we identified CCN3 expression in mouse hippocampal NSCs and observed that supplementing CCN3 improved cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, in vivo results showed that the injection of CCN3 in the dentate gyrus (DG) increased Ki-67- and SOX2-positive cells while decreasing neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (Tuj1) and doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells. Consistently with the in vivo results, supplementing CCN3 in the medium increased the number of BrdU and Ki-67 cells and the proliferation index but decreased the number of Tuj1 and DCX cells. Conversely, both the in vivo and in vitro knockdown of the Ccn3 gene in NSCs had opposite effects. Further investigations revealed that CCN3 promoted cleaved Notch1 (NICD) expression, leading to the suppression of PTEN expression and eventual promotion of AKT activation. In contrast, Ccn3 knockdown inhibited the activation of the Notch/PTEN/AKT pathway. Finally, the effects of changes in CCN3 protein expression on NSC proliferation and differentiation were eliminated by FLI-06 (a Notch inhibitor) and VO-OH (a PTEN inhibitor). Our findings imply that while promoting proliferation, CCN3 inhibits the neuronal differentiation of mouse hippocampal NSCs and that the Notch/PTEN/AKT pathway may be a potential intracellular target of CCN3. Our findings may help develop strategies to enhance the intrinsic potential for brain regeneration after injuries, particularly stem cell treatment for hippocampal-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kaige Ma
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
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43
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Mayor E. Neurotrophic effects of intermittent fasting, calorie restriction and exercise: a review and annotated bibliography. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1161814. [PMID: 37334045 PMCID: PMC10273285 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1161814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, important progress has been achieved in the understanding of the neurotrophic effects of intermittent fasting (IF), calorie restriction (CR) and exercise. Improved neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis (NSPAN) are essential examples of these neurotrophic effects. The importance in this respect of the metabolic switch from glucose to ketone bodies as cellular fuel has been highlighted. More recently, calorie restriction mimetics (CRMs; resveratrol and other polyphenols in particular) have been investigated thoroughly in relation to NSPAN. In the narrative review sections of this manuscript, recent findings on these essential functions are synthesized and the most important molecules involved are presented. The most researched signaling pathways (PI3K, Akt, mTOR, AMPK, GSK3β, ULK, MAPK, PGC-1α, NF-κB, sirtuins, Notch, Sonic hedgehog and Wnt) and processes (e.g., anti-inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis) that support or thwart neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis are then briefly presented. This provides an accessible entry point to the literature. In the annotated bibliography section of this contribution, brief summaries are provided of about 30 literature reviews relating to the neurotrophic effects of interest in relation to IF, CR, CRMs and exercise. Most of the selected reviews address these essential functions from the perspective of healthier aging (sometimes discussing epigenetic factors) and the reduction of the risk for neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease) and depression or the improvement of cognitive function.
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Guo L, Jiang ZM, Zhan YJ, Pan W, Wu QW, Song FX, Zhou X, Zhou XY, Liu LJ, Wang JT. Neuro death through autophagy via the acetylation of FoxO1 by SIRT2 in the hippocampus of mice in a autism spectrum disorder mice model. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1275-1287. [PMID: 36960573 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a series of complex neurodevelopmental disorders, which can affect children's social, behavioral and communication abilities. A member of the Sirtuins family of NAD + dependent deacetylases called SIRT2 could regulate the inflammation progress during stress, but the relevant mechanism has not been clearly defined. In the present study, the ASD model of wild type and SIRT2 knock out mice was established to evaluate the impact on the homeostasis of neurons in the hippocampus using western blotting, immunofluorescence and Nissl staining. The results showed that the amplification of neuronal richness was significantly decreased and neuroinflammation increased in the hippocampus following ASD due to autophagy, caused by enhancing the acetylation of FoxO1 using SIRT2 gene deletion and indicating this should be the target for ASD or other psychological stress treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanmin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of basic Medicine Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, P. R. China
- Rehabilitation Medicine College of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Zhi-Mei Jiang
- Rehabilitation Medicine College of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhan
- Shenzhen Dapeng Newd District Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- Rehabilitation Medicine College of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Qing-Wei Wu
- Rehabilitation Medicine College of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Fan-Xu Song
- Rehabilitation Medicine College of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine College of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine College of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Li-Jun Liu
- Rehabilitation Medicine College of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jing-Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of basic Medicine Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, P. R. China
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Matsushita MT, Wang H, Abel GM, Xia Z. Inducible and Conditional Activation of Adult Neurogenesis Rescues Cadmium-Induced Hippocampus-Dependent Memory Deficits in ApoE4-KI Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9118. [PMID: 37298071 PMCID: PMC10253189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene is a genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease, in which ε4 allele carriers have increased risk compared to the common ε3 carriers. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal and a potential neurotoxicant. We previously reported a gene-environment interaction (GxE) effect between ApoE4 and Cd that accelerates or increases the severity of the cognitive decline in ApoE4-knockin (ApoE4-KI) mice exposed to 0.6 mg/L CdCl2 through drinking water compared to control ApoE3-KI mice. However, the mechanisms underlying this GxE effect are not yet defined. Because Cd impairs adult neurogenesis, we investigated whether genetic and conditional stimulation of adult neurogenesis can functionally rescue Cd-induced cognitive impairment in ApoE4-KI mice. We crossed either ApoE4-KI or ApoE3-KI to an inducible Cre mouse strain, Nestin-CreERTM:caMEK5-eGFPloxP/loxP (designated as caMEK5), to generate ApoE4-KI:caMEK5 and ApoE3-KI:caMEK5. Tamoxifen administration in these mice genetically and conditionally induces the expression of caMEK5 in adult neural stem/progenitor cells, enabling the stimulation of adult neurogenesis in the brain. Male ApoE4-KI:caMEK5 and ApoE3-KI:caMEK5 mice were exposed to 0.6 mg/L CdCl2 throughout the experiment, and tamoxifen was administered once Cd-induced impairment in spatial working memory was consistently observed. Cd exposure impaired spatial working memory earlier in ApoE4-KI:caMEK5 than in ApoE3-KI:caMEK5 mice. In both strains, these deficits were rescued after tamoxifen treatment. Consistent with these behavioral findings, tamoxifen treatment enhanced adult neurogenesis by increasing the morphological complexity of adult-born immature neurons. These results provide evidence for a direct link between impaired spatial memory and adult neurogenesis in this GxE model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhengui Xia
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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46
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Lopez-Virgen V, Gonzalez-Morales O, Gonzalez-Perez O. The ventricular-subventricular, subgranular and subcallosal zones: three niches of neural stem cells in the postnatal brain. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1463-1470. [PMID: 37083843 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
In the postnatal brain, three regions show high mitotic activity. These brain areas are neurogenic niches, and each niche harbors a microenvironment favorable for the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. These multipotential cells maintain the capacity to self-renew and generate intermediate precursors that will differentiate into neuronal and glial lineages (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). The most well-studied niches are the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the lateral ventricles, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus, and the subcallosal zone (SCZ), located in the limit between the corpus callosum and the hippocampal formation. The discovery of these three neurogenic niches has gained much interest in the field because they may be a therapeutic alternative in neural regeneration and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we describe in brief all these regions and explain their potential impact on solving some neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Lopez-Virgen
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, 28040, Colima, COL, México
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Morales
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 45201, Zapopan, JAL, Mexico
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, 28040, Colima, COL, México.
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47
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Quan Z, Li H, Quan Z, Qing H. Appropriate Macronutrients or Mineral Elements Are Beneficial to Improve Depression and Reduce the Risk of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7098. [PMID: 37108261 PMCID: PMC10138658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder that seriously affects the quality of life and leads to an increasing global suicide rate. Macro, micro, and trace elements are the main components that maintain normal physiological functions of the brain. Depression is manifested in abnormal brain functions, which are considered to be tightly related to the imbalance of elements. Elements associated with depression include glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and mineral elements such as lithium, zinc, magnesium, copper, iron, and selenium. To explore the relationship between these elements and depression, the main literature in the last decade was mainly searched and summarized on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and other electronic databases with the keywords "depression, sugar, fat, protein, lithium, zinc, magnesium, copper, iron, and selenium". These elements aggravate or alleviate depression by regulating a series of physiological processes, including the transmission of neural signals, inflammation, oxidative stress, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity, which thus affect the expression or activity of physiological components such as neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, receptors, cytokines, and ion-binding proteins in the body. For example, excessive fat intake can lead to depression, with possible mechanisms including inflammation, increased oxidative stress, reduced synaptic plasticity, and decreased expression of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD-95), etc. Supplementing mineral elements, such as selenium, zinc, magnesium, or lithium as a psychotropic medication is mostly used as an auxiliary method to improve depression with other antidepressants. In general, appropriate nutritional elements are essential to treat depression and prevent the risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhenzhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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48
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Su X, Kovalchuk Y, Mojtahedi N, Kamari F, Claassen M, Garaschuk O. Neuronal silence as a prosurvival factor for adult-born olfactory bulb interneurons. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1182-1195. [PMID: 37116486 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult-born cells, arriving daily into the rodent olfactory bulb, either integrate into the neural circuitry or get eliminated. However, whether these two populations differ in their morphological or functional properties remains unclear. Using longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging, we monitored dendritic morphogenesis, odor-evoked responsiveness, ongoing Ca2+ signaling, and survival/death of adult-born juxtaglomerular neurons (abJGNs). We found that the maturation of abJGNs is accompanied by a significant reduction in dendritic complexity, with surviving and subsequently eliminated cells showing similar degrees of dendritic remodeling. Surprisingly, ∼63% of eliminated abJGNs acquired odor responsiveness before death, with amplitudes and time courses of odor-evoked responses similar to those recorded in surviving cells. However, the subsequently eliminated cell population exhibited significantly higher ongoing Ca2+ signals, with a difference visible even 10 days before death. Quantitative supervised machine learning analysis revealed a relationship between the abJGNs' activity and survival probability, with low neuronal activity being supportive for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yury Kovalchuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nima Mojtahedi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Farzin Kamari
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Claassen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Computer Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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49
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Wu Y, Bottes S, Fisch R, Zehnder C, Cole JD, Pilz GA, Helmchen F, Simons BD, Jessberger S. Chronic in vivo imaging defines age-dependent alterations of neurogenesis in the mouse hippocampus. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:380-390. [PMID: 37117787 PMCID: PMC10154232 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) generate new neurons throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus1. Advancing age leads to a decline in neurogenesis, which is associated with impaired cognition2,3. The cellular mechanisms causing reduced neurogenesis with advancing age remain largely unknown. We genetically labeled NSCs through conditional recombination driven by the regulatory elements of the stem-cell-expressed gene GLI family zinc finger 1 (Gli1) and used chronic intravital imaging to follow individual NSCs and their daughter cells over months within their hippocampal niche4,5. We show that aging affects multiple steps, from cell cycle entry of quiescent NSCs to determination of the number of surviving cells, ultimately causing reduced clonal output of individual NSCs. Thus, we here define the developmental stages that may be targeted to enhance neurogenesis with the aim of maintaining hippocampal plasticity with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wu
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bottes
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Fisch
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Zehnder
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Darby Cole
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor-Alexander Pilz
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- BioMedical Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Dynamics, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian Jessberger
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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50
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Zocher S, Toda T. Epigenetic aging in adult neurogenesis. Hippocampus 2023; 33:347-359. [PMID: 36624660 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the hippocampus generate new neurons throughout life, which functionally contribute to cognitive flexibility and mood regulation. Yet adult hippocampal neurogenesis substantially declines with age and age-related impairments in NSC activity underlie this reduction. Particularly, increased NSC quiescence and consequently reduced NSC proliferation are considered to be major drivers of the low neurogenesis levels in the aged brain. Epigenetic regulators control the gene expression programs underlying NSC quiescence, proliferation and differentiation and are hence critical to the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Epigenetic alterations have also emerged as central hallmarks of aging, and recent studies suggest the deterioration of the NSC-specific epigenetic landscape as a driver of the age-dependent decline in adult neurogenesis. In this review, we summarize the recently accumulating evidence for a role of epigenetic dysregulation in NSC aging and propose perspectives for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zocher
- Nuclear Architecture in Neural Plasticity and Aging Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Tomohisa Toda
- Nuclear Architecture in Neural Plasticity and Aging Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics and Microtissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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