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Li Y, Li L, Wang X, Zhao F, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wu C, Li K, Zhang T, Wang P, Mao Z, Zhu W, Xu X, Liang S, Lou Z, Yuan J. USP25 Elevates SHLD2-Mediated DNA Double-Strand Break Repair and Regulates Chemoresponse in Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403485. [PMID: 38803048 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
DNA damage plays a significant role in the tumorigenesis and progression of the disease. Abnormal DNA repair affects the therapy and prognosis of cancer. In this study, it is demonstrated that the deubiquitinase USP25 promotes non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which in turn contributes to chemoresistance in cancer. It is shown that USP25 deubiquitinates SHLD2 at the K64 site, which enhances its binding with REV7 and promotes NHEJ. Furthermore, USP25 deficiency impairs NHEJ-mediated DNA repair and reduces class switch recombination (CSR) in USP25-deficient mice. USP25 is overexpressed in a subset of colon cancers. Depletion of USP25 sensitizes colon cancer cells to IR, 5-Fu, and cisplatin. TRIM25 is also identified, an E3 ligase, as the enzyme responsible for degrading USP25. Downregulation of TRIM25 leads to an increase in USP25 levels, which in turn induces chemoresistance in colon cancer cells. Finally, a peptide that disrupts the USP25-SHLD2 interaction is successfully identified, impairing NHEJ and increasing sensitivity to chemotherapy in PDX model. Overall, these findings reveal USP25 as a critical effector of SHLD2 in regulating the NHEJ repair pathway and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Li
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Lei Li
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Xinshu Wang
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yuntong Yang
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhang
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Li Wang
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Zeshan Jiang
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Chenming Wu
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- International Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518037, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Carson International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shikang Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jian Yuan
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
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2
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Wu S, Yao X, Sun W, Jiang K, Hao J. Exploration of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor resistance in the treatment of BRCA1/2-mutated cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23243. [PMID: 38747337 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer susceptibility 1/2 (BRCA1/2) genes play a crucial role in DNA damage repair, yet mutations in these genes increase the susceptibility to tumorigenesis. Exploiting the synthetic lethality mechanism between BRCA1/2 mutations and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition has led to the development and clinical approval of PARP inhibitor (PARPi), representing a milestone in targeted therapy for BRCA1/2 mutant tumors. This approach has paved the way for leveraging synthetic lethality in tumor treatment strategies. Despite the initial success of PARPis, resistance to these agents diminishes their efficacy in BRCA1/2-mutant tumors. Investigations into PARPi resistance have identified replication fork stability and homologous recombination repair as key factors sensitive to PARPis. Additionally, studies suggest that replication gaps may also confer sensitivity to PARPis. Moreover, emerging evidence indicates a correlation between PARPi resistance and cisplatin resistance, suggesting a potential overlap in the mechanisms underlying resistance to both agents. Given these findings, it is imperative to explore the interplay between replication gaps and PARPi resistance, particularly in the context of platinum resistance. Understanding the impact of replication gaps on PARPi resistance may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance mechanisms and enhance the efficacy of targeted therapies in BRCA1/2-mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
| | - Xuanjie Yao
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
| | - Kaitao Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
| | - Jie Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
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3
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Audry J, Zhang H, Kerr C, Berkner KL, Runge K. Ccq1 restrains Mre11-mediated degradation to distinguish short telomeres from double-strand breaks. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3722-3739. [PMID: 38321948 PMCID: PMC11040153 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Telomeres protect chromosome ends and are distinguished from DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by means of a specialized chromatin composed of DNA repeats bound by a multiprotein complex called shelterin. We investigated the role of telomere-associated proteins in establishing end-protection by studying viable mutants lacking these proteins. Mutants were studied using a Schizosaccharomyces pombe model system that induces cutting of a 'proto-telomere' bearing telomere repeats to rapidly form a new stable chromosomal end, in contrast to the rapid degradation of a control DSB. Cells lacking the telomere-associated proteins Taz1, Rap1, Poz1 or Rif1 formed a chromosome end that was stable. Surprisingly, cells lacking Ccq1, or impaired for recruiting Ccq1 to the telomere, converted the cleaved proto-telomere to a rapidly degraded DSB. Ccq1 recruits telomerase, establishes heterochromatin and affects DNA damage checkpoint activation; however, these functions were separable from protection of the new telomere by Ccq1. In cells lacking Ccq1, telomere degradation was greatly reduced by eliminating the nuclease activity of Mre11 (part of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1/Xrs2 DSB processing complex), and higher amounts of nuclease-deficient Mre11 associated with the new telomere. These results demonstrate a novel function for S. pombe Ccq1 to effect end-protection by restraining Mre11-dependent degradation of the DNA end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Audry
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Carly Kerr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kathleen L Berkner
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kurt W Runge
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Knowles S, Chai W. Conditional Depletion of STN1 in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4977. [PMID: 38686350 PMCID: PMC11056013 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) complex is a single-strand DNA-binding protein complex that plays an important role in genome maintenance in various model eukaryotes. Dysfunction of CST is the underlying cause of the rare genetic disorder known as Coats plus disease. In addition, down regulation of STN1 promotes colorectal cancer development in mice. While prior studies have utilized RNAi to knock down CST components in mammalian cells, this approach is associated with off-target effects. Attempts to employ CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout of CST components in somatic cell lines have been unsuccessful due to CST's indispensable role in DNA replication and cell proliferation. To address these challenges, we outline a novel approach utilizing a Cre-loxP-based conditional knockout in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). This method offers an alternative means to investigate the function and characteristics of the CST complex in mammalian systems, potentially shedding new light on its roles in genome maintenance. Key features • Conditional depletion of mammalian STN1 using mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEFs). • Analysis of oxidative damage sensitivity using STN1-depleted MEFs. • This protocol requires Stn1flox/flox mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Knowles
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Weihang Chai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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5
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Li Q, Hariri S, Calidas A, Kaur A, Huey E, Engebrecht J. The chromatin-associated 53BP1 ortholog, HSR-9, regulates recombinational repair and X chromosome segregation in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.12.589267. [PMID: 38659880 PMCID: PMC11042201 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.12.589267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
53BP1 plays a crucial role in regulating DNA damage repair pathway choice and checkpoint signaling in somatic cells; however, its role in meiosis has remained enigmatic. In this study, we demonstrate that the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of 53BP1, HSR-9, associates with chromatin in both proliferating and meiotic germ cells. Notably, HSR-9 is enriched on the X chromosome pair in pachytene oogenic germ cells. HSR-9 is also present at kinetochores during both mitotic and meiotic divisions but does not appear to be essential for monitoring microtubule-kinetochore attachments or tension. Using cytological markers of different steps in recombinational repair, we found that HSR-9 influences the processing of a subset of meiotic double strand breaks into COSA-1-marked crossovers. Additionally, HSR-9 plays a role in meiotic X chromosome segregation under conditions where X chromosomes fail to pair, synapse, and recombine. Together, these results highlight that chromatin-associated HSR-9 has both conserved and unique functions in the regulation of meiotic chromosome behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Sara Hariri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Aashna Calidas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Arshdeep Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Erica Huey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - JoAnne Engebrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
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Biller M, Kabir S, Boado C, Nipper S, Saffa A, Tal A, Allen S, Sasanuma H, Dréau D, Vaziri C, Tomida J. REV7-p53 interaction inhibits ATM-mediated DNA damage signaling. Cell Cycle 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38557443 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2333227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
REV7 is an abundant, multifunctional protein that is a known factor in cell cycle regulation and in several key DNA repair pathways including Trans-Lesion Synthesis (TLS), the Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway, and DNA Double-Strand Break (DSB) repair pathway choice. Thus far, no direct role has been studied for REV7 in the DNA damage response (DDR) signaling pathway. Here we describe a novel function for REV7 in DSB-induced p53 signaling. We show that REV7 binds directly to p53 to block ATM-dependent p53 Ser15 phosphorylation. We also report that REV7 is involved in the destabilization of p53. These findings affirm REV7's participation in fundamental cell cycle and DNA repair pathways. Furthermore, they highlight REV7 as a critical factor for the integration of multiple processes that determine viability and genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Biller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Sara Kabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Chkylle Boado
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Nipper
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Saffa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Ariella Tal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Sydney Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Sasanuma
- Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Didier Dréau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Junya Tomida
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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7
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Harvey-Jones E, Raghunandan M, Robbez-Masson L, Magraner-Pardo L, Alaguthurai T, Yablonovitch A, Yen J, Xiao H, Brough R, Frankum J, Song F, Yeung J, Savy T, Gulati A, Alexander J, Kemp H, Starling C, Konde A, Marlow R, Cheang M, Proszek P, Hubank M, Cai M, Trendell J, Lu R, Liccardo R, Ravindran N, Llop-Guevara A, Rodriguez O, Balmana J, Lukashchuk N, Dorschner M, Drusbosky L, Roxanis I, Serra V, Haider S, Pettitt SJ, Lord CJ, Tutt ANJ. Longitudinal profiling identifies co-occurring BRCA1/2 reversions, TP53BP1, RIF1 and PAXIP1 mutations in PARP inhibitor-resistant advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:364-380. [PMID: 38244928 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to therapies that target homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in breast cancer limits their overall effectiveness. Multiple, preclinically validated, mechanisms of resistance have been proposed, but their existence and relative frequency in clinical disease are unclear, as is how to target resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Longitudinal mutation and methylation profiling of circulating tumour (ct)DNA was carried out in 47 patients with metastatic BRCA1-, BRCA2- or PALB2-mutant breast cancer treated with HRD-targeted therapy who developed progressive disease-18 patients had primary resistance and 29 exhibited response followed by resistance. ctDNA isolated at multiple time points in the patient treatment course (before, on-treatment and at progression) was sequenced using a novel >750-gene intron/exon targeted sequencing panel. Where available, matched tumour biopsies were whole exome and RNA sequenced and also used to assess nuclear RAD51. RESULTS BRCA1/2 reversion mutations were present in 60% of patients and were the most prevalent form of resistance. In 10 cases, reversions were detected in ctDNA before clinical progression. Two new reversion-based mechanisms were identified: (i) intragenic BRCA1/2 deletions with intronic breakpoints; and (ii) intragenic BRCA1/2 secondary mutations that formed novel splice acceptor sites, the latter being confirmed by in vitro minigene reporter assays. When seen before commencing subsequent treatment, reversions were associated with significantly shorter time to progression. Tumours with reversions retained HRD mutational signatures but had functional homologous recombination based on RAD51 status. Although less frequent than reversions, nonreversion mechanisms [loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in TP53BP1, RIF1 or PAXIP1] were evident in patients with acquired resistance and occasionally coexisted with reversions, challenging the notion that singular resistance mechanisms emerge in each patient. CONCLUSIONS These observations map the prevalence of candidate drivers of resistance across time in a clinical setting, information with implications for clinical management and trial design in HRD breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Harvey-Jones
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK; The City of London Cancer Research UK Centre at King's College London, UK
| | - M Raghunandan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - L Robbez-Masson
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - L Magraner-Pardo
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - T Alaguthurai
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | | | - J Yen
- Guardant Health Inc., Redwood City, USA
| | - H Xiao
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Brough
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Frankum
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - F Song
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Yeung
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - T Savy
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Gulati
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Alexander
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - H Kemp
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C Starling
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Konde
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Marlow
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M Cheang
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - P Proszek
- Clinical Genomics, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Hubank
- Clinical Genomics, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Cai
- Guardant Health Inc., Redwood City, USA
| | - J Trendell
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - R Lu
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - R Liccardo
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - N Ravindran
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - O Rodriguez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Balmana
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - I Roxanis
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - V Serra
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - S J Pettitt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - C J Lord
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - A N J Tutt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK; The City of London Cancer Research UK Centre at King's College London, UK.
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8
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Baranovskiy AG, Morstadt LM, Babayeva ND, Tahirov TH. Human primosome requires replication protein A when copying DNA with inverted repeats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.11.584335. [PMID: 38559116 PMCID: PMC10979909 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.11.584335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The human primosome, a four-subunit complex of primase and DNA polymerase alpha (Polα), initiates DNA synthesis on both chromosome strands by generating chimeric RNA-DNA primers for loading DNA polymerases delta and epsilon (Polε). Replication protein A (RPA) tightly binds to single-stranded DNA strands, protecting them from nucleolytic digestion and unauthorized transactions. We report here that RPA plays a critical role for the human primosome during DNA synthesis across inverted repeats prone to hairpin formation. On other alternatively structured DNA forming a G-quadruplex, RPA provides no assistance for primosome. A stimulatory effect of RPA on DNA synthesis across hairpins was also observed for the catalytic domain of Polα but not of Polε. The important factors for an efficient hairpin bypass by primosome are the high affinity of RPA to DNA based on four DNA-binding domains and the interaction of the winged-helix-turn-helix domain of RPA with Polα. Binding studies indicate that this interaction stabilizes the RPA/Polα complex on the primed template. This work provides insight into a cooperative action of RPA and primosome on DNA, which is critical for DNA synthesis across inverted repeats.
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9
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Olson CL, Wuttke DS. Guardians of the Genome: How the Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Proteins RPA and CST Facilitate Telomere Replication. Biomolecules 2024; 14:263. [PMID: 38540683 PMCID: PMC10968030 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Telomeres act as the protective caps of eukaryotic linear chromosomes; thus, proper telomere maintenance is crucial for genome stability. Successful telomere replication is a cornerstone of telomere length regulation, but this process can be fraught due to the many intrinsic challenges telomeres pose to the replication machinery. In addition to the famous "end replication" problem due to the discontinuous nature of lagging strand synthesis, telomeres require various telomere-specific steps for maintaining the proper 3' overhang length. Bulk telomere replication also encounters its own difficulties as telomeres are prone to various forms of replication roadblocks. These roadblocks can result in an increase in replication stress that can cause replication forks to slow, stall, or become reversed. Ultimately, this leads to excess single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that needs to be managed and protected for replication to continue and to prevent DNA damage and genome instability. RPA and CST are single-stranded DNA-binding protein complexes that play key roles in performing this task and help stabilize stalled forks for continued replication. The interplay between RPA and CST, their functions at telomeres during replication, and their specialized features for helping overcome replication stress at telomeres are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner L. Olson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Deborah S. Wuttke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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10
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Lugano D, Barrett L, Westerheide SD, Kee Y. Multifaceted roles of CCAR family proteins in the DNA damage response and cancer. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:59-65. [PMID: 38172598 PMCID: PMC10834508 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle apoptosis regulator (CCAR) family of proteins consists of two proteins, CCAR1 and CCAR2, that play a variety of roles in cellular physiology and pathology. These multidomain proteins are able to perform multiple interactions and functions, playing roles in processes such as stress responses, metabolism, and the DNA damage response. The evolutionary conservation of CCAR family proteins allows their study in model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans, where a role for CCAR in aging was revealed. This review particularly highlights the multifaceted roles of CCAR family proteins and their implications in the DNA damage response and in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lugano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA
| | - L Barrett
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA
| | - S D Westerheide
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA
| | - Y Kee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno-Joongang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Longoria O, Beije N, de Bono JS. PARP inhibitors for prostate cancer. Semin Oncol 2024; 51:25-35. [PMID: 37783649 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have transformed the treatment landscape for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and alterations in DNA damage response genes. This has also led to widespread use of genomic testing in all patients with mCRPC. The current review will give an overview of (1) the current understanding of the interplay between DNA damage response and PARP enzymes; (2) the clinical landscape of PARP inhibitors, including the combination of PARP inhibitors with other agents such as androgen-receptor signaling agents; (3) biomarkers related to PARP inhibitor response and resistance; and (4) considerations for interpreting genomic testing results and treating patients with PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossian Longoria
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Beije
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom.
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12
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Kanev PB, Atemin A, Stoynov S, Aleksandrov R. PARP1 roles in DNA repair and DNA replication: The basi(c)s of PARP inhibitor efficacy and resistance. Semin Oncol 2024; 51:2-18. [PMID: 37714792 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Genome integrity is under constant insult from endogenous and exogenous sources. In order to cope, eukaryotic cells have evolved an elaborate network of DNA repair that can deal with diverse lesion types and exhibits considerable functional redundancy. PARP1 is a major sensor of DNA breaks with established and putative roles in a number of pathways within the DNA repair network, including repair of single- and double-strand breaks as well as protection of the DNA replication fork. Importantly, PARP1 is the major target of small-molecule PARP inhibitors (PARPi), which are employed in the treatment of homologous recombination (HR)-deficient tumors, as the latter are particularly susceptible to the accumulation of DNA damage due to an inability to efficiently repair highly toxic double-strand DNA breaks. The clinical success of PARPi has fostered extensive research into PARP biology, which has shed light on the involvement of PARP1 in various genomic transactions. A major goal within the field has been to understand the relationship between catalytic inhibition and PARP1 trapping. The specific consequences of inhibition and trapping on genomic stability as a basis for the cytotoxicity of PARP inhibitors remain a matter of debate. Finally, PARP inhibition is increasingly recognized for its capacity to elicit/modulate anti-tumor immunity. The clinical potential of PARP inhibition is, however, hindered by the development of resistance. Hence, extensive efforts are invested in identifying factors that promote resistance or sensitize cells to PARPi. The current review provides a summary of advances in our understanding of PARP1 biology, the mechanistic nature, and molecular consequences of PARP inhibition, as well as the mechanisms that give rise to PARPi resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar-Bogomil Kanev
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandar Atemin
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyno Stoynov
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Radoslav Aleksandrov
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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13
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Ellison V, Polotskaia A, Xiao G, Leybengrub P, Qiu W, Lee R, Hendrickson R, Hu W, Bargonetti J. A CANCER PERSISTENT DNA REPAIR CIRCUIT DRIVEN BY MDM2, MDM4 (MDMX), AND MUTANT P53 FOR RECRUITMENT OF MDC1 AND 53BP1 TO CHROMATIN. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.20.576487. [PMID: 38328189 PMCID: PMC10849484 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The influence of the metastasis promoting proteins mutant p53 (mtp53) and MDM2 on Cancer Persistent Repair (CPR) to promote cancer cell survival is understudied. Interactions between the DNA repair choice protein 53BP1 and wild type tumor suppressor protein p53 (wtp53) regulates cell cycle control. Cancer cells often express elevated levels of transcriptionally inactive missense mutant p53 (mtp53) that interacts with MDM2 and MDM4/MDMX (herein called MDMX). The ability of mtp53 to maintain a 53BP1 interaction while in the context of interactions with MDM2 and MDMX has not been described. We asked if MDM2 regulates chromatin-based phosphorylation events in the context of mtp53 by comparing the chromatin of T47D breast cancer cells with and without MDM2 in a phospho-peptide stable isotope labeling in cell culture (SILAC) screen. We found reduced phospho-53BP1 chromatin association, which we confirmed by chromatin fractionation and immunofluorescence in multiple breast cancer cell lines. We used the Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) in breast cancer cell lines and detected 53BP1 in close proximity to mtp53, MDM2, and the DNA repair protein MDC1. Through disruption of the mtp53-MDM2 interaction, by either Nutlin 3a or a mtp53 R273H C-terminal deletion, we uncovered that mtp53 was required for MDM2-53BP1 interaction foci. Our data suggests that mtp53 works with MDM2 and 53BP1 to promote CPR and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Ellison
- Hunter College, The Department of Biological Sciences, Belfer Research Building, New York, NY
| | - Alla Polotskaia
- Hunter College, The Department of Biological Sciences, Belfer Research Building, New York, NY
| | - Gu Xiao
- Hunter College, The Department of Biological Sciences, Belfer Research Building, New York, NY
| | - Pamella Leybengrub
- Hunter College, The Department of Biological Sciences, Belfer Research Building, New York, NY
| | - Weigang Qiu
- Hunter College, The Department of Biological Sciences, Belfer Research Building, New York, NY
| | - Rusia Lee
- Hunter College, The Department of Biological Sciences, Belfer Research Building, New York, NY
- The Graduate Center City University of New York, Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, New York, NY
| | | | - Wenwei Hu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jill Bargonetti
- Hunter College, The Department of Biological Sciences, Belfer Research Building, New York, NY
- The Graduate Center City University of New York, Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, New York, NY
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14
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Wang J, Chen Y, Li S, Liu W, Zhou XA, Luo Y, Xu Z, Xiong Y, Cheng K, Ruan M, Yu W, Li X, Wang W, Wang J. PP2A inhibition causes synthetic lethality in BRCA2-mutated prostate cancer models via spindle assembly checkpoint reactivation. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172137. [PMID: 37934606 PMCID: PMC10760972 DOI: 10.1172/jci172137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the BRCA2 tumor suppressor gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer. One of the paradoxes concerning BRCA2 is the fact that its inactivation affects genetic stability and is deleterious for cellular and organismal survival, while BRCA2-mutated cancer cells adapt to this detriment and malignantly proliferate. Therapeutic strategies for tumors arising from BRCA2 mutations may be discovered by understanding these adaptive mechanisms. In this study, we conducted forward genetic synthetic viability screenings in Caenorhabditis elegans brc-2 (Cebrc-2) mutants and found that Ceubxn-2 inactivation rescued the viability of Cebrc-2 mutants. Moreover, loss of NSFL1C, the mammalian ortholog of CeUBXN-2, suppressed the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activation and promoted the survival of BRCA2-deficient cells. Mechanistically, NSFL1C recruited USP9X to inhibit the polyubiquitination of AURKB and reduce the removal of AURKB from the centromeres by VCP, which is essential for SAC activation. SAC inactivation is common in BRCA2-deficient prostate cancer patients, but PP2A inhibitors could reactivate the SAC and achieve BRCA2-deficient prostate tumor synthetic lethality. Our research reveals the survival adaptation mechanism of BRCA2-deficient prostate tumor cells and provides different angles for exploring synthetic lethal inhibitors in addition to targeting DNA damage repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuke Chen
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wanchang Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Albert Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yefei Luo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanzhan Xu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yundong Xiong
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiqi Cheng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjian Ruan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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15
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King A, Reichl P, Metson JS, Parker R, Munro D, Oliveira C, Becker JR, Biggs D, Preece C, Davies B, Chapman JR. Shieldin and CST co-orchestrate DNA polymerase-dependent tailed-end joining reactions independently of 53BP1-governed repair pathway choice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572534. [PMID: 38187711 PMCID: PMC10769304 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
53BP1 regulates DNA end-joining in lymphocytes, diversifying immune antigen receptors. This involves nucleosome-bound 53BP1 at DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) recruiting RIF1 and shieldin, a poorly understood DNA-binding complex. The 53BP1-RIF1-shieldin axis is pathological in BRCA1-mutated cancers, blocking homologous recombination (HR) and driving illegitimate non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). However, how this axis regulates DNA end-joining and HR suppression remains unresolved. We investigated shieldin and its interplay with CST, a complex recently implicated in 53BP1-dependent activities. Immunophenotypically, mice lacking shieldin or CST are equivalent, with class-switch recombination co-reliant on both complexes. ATM-dependent DNA damage signalling underpins this cooperation, inducing physical interactions between these complexes that reveal shieldin as a DSB-responsive CST adaptor. Furthermore, DNA polymerase ζ functions downstream of shieldin, establishing DNA fill-in synthesis as the physiological function of shieldin-CST. Lastly, 53BP1 suppresses HR and promotes NHEJ in BRCA1-deficient mice and cells independently of shieldin. These findings showcase the resilience of the 53BP1 pathway, achieved through the collaboration of chromatin-bound 53BP1 complexes and DNA end-processing effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh King
- Genome Integrity laboratory, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pia Reichl
- Genome Integrity laboratory, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jean S. Metson
- Genome Integrity laboratory, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Parker
- Centre for ImmunoOncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniella Munro
- Genome Integrity laboratory, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- Genome Integrity laboratory, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jordan R. Becker
- Genome Integrity laboratory, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Biggs
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris Preece
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, UK
| | - J. Ross Chapman
- Genome Integrity laboratory, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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16
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Carvalho Borges PC, Bouabboune C, Escandell JM, Matmati S, Coulon S, Ferreira MG. Pot1 promotes telomere DNA replication via the Stn1-Ten1 complex in fission yeast. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:12325-12336. [PMID: 37953281 PMCID: PMC10711446 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes that protect the chromosome-ends from eliciting DNA repair while ensuring their complete duplication. Pot1 is a subunit of telomere capping complex that binds to the G-rich overhang and inhibits the activation of DNA damage checkpoints. In this study, we explore new functions of fission yeast Pot1 by using a pot1-1 temperature sensitive mutant. We show that pot1 inactivation impairs telomere DNA replication resulting in the accumulation of ssDNA leading to the complete loss of telomeric DNA. Recruitment of Stn1 to telomeres, an auxiliary factor of DNA lagging strand synthesis, is reduced in pot1-1 mutants and overexpression of Stn1 rescues loss of telomeres and cell viability at restrictive temperature. We propose that Pot1 plays a crucial function in telomere DNA replication by recruiting Stn1-Ten1 and Polα-primase complex to telomeres via Tpz1, thus promoting lagging-strand DNA synthesis at stalled replication forks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chaïnez Bouabboune
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Marseille, F-13009, France
| | | | - Samah Matmati
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Marseille, F-13009, France
| | - Stéphane Coulon
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Marseille, F-13009, France
| | - Miguel Godinho Ferreira
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2781-901, Portugal
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), INSERM U1081 UMR7284 CNRS, 06107 Nice, France
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17
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Zhang Y, Liang L, Li Z, Huang Y, Jiang M, Zou B, Xu Y. Polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitors: advances, implications, and challenges in tumor radiotherapy sensitization. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1295579. [PMID: 38111536 PMCID: PMC10726039 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1295579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) is a key modifying enzyme in cells, which participates in single-strand break repair and indirectly affects double-strand break repair. PARP inhibitors have shown great potential in oncotherapy by exploiting DNA damage repair pathways, and several small molecule PARP inhibitors have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treating various tumor types. PARP inhibitors not only have significant antitumor effects but also have some synergistic effects when combined with radiotherapy; therefore they have potential as radiation sensitizers. Here, we reviewed the advances and implications of PARP inhibitors in tumor radiotherapy sensitization. First, we summarized the multiple functions of PARP and the mechanisms by which its inhibitors exert antitumor effects. Next, we discuss the immunomodulatory effects of PARP and its inhibitors in tumors. Then, we described the theoretical basis of using PARP inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy and outlined their importance in oncological radiotherapy. Finally, we reviewed the current challenges in this field and elaborated on the future applications of PARP inhibitors as radiation sensitizers. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism, optimal dosing, long-term safety, and identification of responsive biomarkers remain key challenges to integrating PARP inhibition into the radiotherapy management of cancer patients. Therefore, extensive research in these areas would facilitate the development of precision radiotherapy using PARP inhibitors to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijie Liang
- Division of Head & Neck Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Division of Head & Neck Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Hinch R, Donnelly P, Hinch AG. Meiotic DNA breaks drive multifaceted mutagenesis in the human germ line. Science 2023; 382:eadh2531. [PMID: 38033082 PMCID: PMC7615360 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination commences with hundreds of programmed DNA breaks; however, the degree to which they are accurately repaired remains poorly understood. We report that meiotic break repair is eightfold more mutagenic for single-base substitutions than was previously understood, leading to de novo mutation in one in four sperm and one in 12 eggs. Its impact on indels and structural variants is even higher, with 100- to 1300-fold increases in rates per break. We uncovered new mutational signatures and footprints relative to break sites, which implicate unexpected biochemical processes and error-prone DNA repair mechanisms, including translesion synthesis and end joining in meiotic break repair. We provide evidence that these mechanisms drive mutagenesis in human germ lines and lead to disruption of hundreds of genes genome wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hinch
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Donnelly
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
- Genomics plc; Oxford, UK
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19
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Zeng M, Tang Z, Ren L, Wang H, Wang X, Zhu W, Mao X, Li Z, Mo X, Chen J, Han J, Kong D, Ji J, Carr AM, Liu C. Hepatitis B virus infection disrupts homologous recombination in hepatocellular carcinoma by stabilizing resection inhibitor ADRM1. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171533. [PMID: 37815873 PMCID: PMC10688980 DOI: 10.1172/jci171533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cancers harbor homologous recombination defects (HRDs). A HRD is a therapeutic target that is being successfully utilized in treatment of breast/ovarian cancer via synthetic lethality. However, canonical HRD caused by BRCAness mutations do not prevail in liver cancer. Here we report a subtype of HRD caused by the perturbation of a proteasome variant (CDW19S) in hepatitis B virus-bearing (HBV-bearing) cells. This amalgamate protein complex contained the 19S proteasome decorated with CRL4WDR70 ubiquitin ligase, and assembled at broken chromatin in a PSMD4Rpn10- and ATM-MDC1-RNF8-dependent manner. CDW19S promoted DNA end processing via segregated modules that promote nuclease activities of MRE11 and EXO1. Contrarily, a proteasomal component, ADRM1Rpn13, inhibited resection and was removed by CRL4WDR70-catalyzed ubiquitination upon commitment of extensive resection. HBx interfered with ADRM1Rpn13 degradation, leading to the imposition of ADRM1Rpn13-dependent resection barrier and consequent viral HRD subtype distinguishable from that caused by BRCA1 defect. Finally, we demonstrated that viral HRD in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma can be exploited to restrict tumor progression. Our work clarifies the underlying mechanism of a virus-induced HRD subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zizhi Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Laifeng Ren
- Department of Immunology, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianming Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daochun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Antony M. Carr
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Zhou J, Nie R, He Z, Cai X, Chen J, Lin W, Yin Y, Xiang Z, Zhu T, Xie J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Lin P, Xie D, D'Andrea AD, Cai M. STAG2 Regulates Homologous Recombination Repair and Sensitivity to ATM Inhibition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302494. [PMID: 37985839 PMCID: PMC10754142 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Stromal antigen 2 (STAG2), a subunit of the cohesin complex, is recurrently mutated in various tumors. However, the role of STAG2 in DNA repair and its therapeutic implications are largely unknown. Here it is reported that knockout of STAG2 results in increased double-stranded breaks (DSBs) and chromosomal aberrations by reducing homologous recombination (HR) repair, and confers hypersensitivity to inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATMi), Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARPi), or the combination of both. Of note, the impaired HR by STAG2-deficiency is mainly attributed to the restored expression of KMT5A, which in turn methylates H4K20 (H4K20me0) to H4K20me1 and thereby decreases the recruitment of BRCA1-BARD1 to chromatin. Importantly, STAG2 expression correlates with poor prognosis of cancer patients. STAG2 is identified as an important regulator of HR and a potential therapeutic strategy for STAG2-mutant tumors is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
- Guangxi International Travel Healthcare Centre (Port Clinic of Nanning Customs District)NanningGuangxi530021China
| | - Run‐Cong Nie
- Department of Gastric SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Zhang‐Ping He
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Xiao‐Xia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Jie‐Wei Chen
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Wen‐ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Yi‐Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Zhi‐Cheng Xiang
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Tian‐Chen Zhu
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Juan‐Juan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - You‐Cheng Zhang
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMA02215USA
- Center for DNA Damage and RepairDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMA02215USA
| | - Mu‐Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
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21
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Jaiswal RK, Lei KH, Chastain M, Wang Y, Shiva O, Li S, You Z, Chi P, Chai W. CaMKK2 and CHK1 phosphorylate human STN1 in response to replication stress to protect stalled forks from aberrant resection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7882. [PMID: 38036565 PMCID: PMC10689503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Keeping replication fork stable is essential for safeguarding genome integrity; hence, its protection is highly regulated. The CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) complex protects stalled forks from aberrant MRE11-mediated nascent strand DNA degradation (NSD). However, the activation mechanism for CST at forks is unknown. Here, we report that STN1 is phosphorylated in its intrinsic disordered region. Loss of STN1 phosphorylation reduces the replication stress-induced STN1 localization to stalled forks, elevates NSD, increases MRE11 access to stalled forks, and decreases RAD51 localization at forks, leading to increased genome instability under perturbed DNA replication condition. STN1 is phosphorylated by both the ATR-CHK1 and the calcium-sensing kinase CaMKK2 in response to hydroxyurea/aphidicolin treatment or elevated cytosolic calcium concentration. Cancer-associated STN1 variants impair STN1 phosphorylation, conferring inability of fork protection. Collectively, our study uncovers that CaMKK2 and ATR-CHK1 target STN1 to enable its fork protective function, and suggests an important role of STN1 phosphorylation in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Kai-Hang Lei
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Megan Chastain
- Office of Research, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Olga Shiva
- Office of Research, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhongsheng You
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter Chi
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Weihang Chai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
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22
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Zhang YR, Yin TL, Zhou LQ. CRISPR/Cas9 technology: applications in oocytes and early embryos. J Transl Med 2023; 21:746. [PMID: 37875936 PMCID: PMC10594749 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9, a highly versatile genome-editing tool, has garnered significant attention in recent years. Despite the unique characteristics of oocytes and early embryos compared to other cell types, this technology has been increasing used in mammalian reproduction. In this comprehensive review, we elucidate the fundamental principles of CRISPR/Cas9-related methodologies and explore their wide-ranging applications in deciphering molecular intricacies during oocyte and early embryo development as well as in addressing associated diseases. However, it is imperative to acknowledge the limitations inherent to these technologies, including the potential for off-target effects, as well as the ethical concerns surrounding the manipulation of human embryos. Thus, a judicious and thoughtful approach is warranted. Regardless of these challenges, CRISPR/Cas9 technology undeniably represents a formidable tool for genome and epigenome manipulation within oocytes and early embryos. Continuous refinements in this field are poised to fortify its future prospects and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tai-Lang Yin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China.
| | - Li-Quan Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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23
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Genetta T, Hurwitz J, Clark E, Herold B, Khalil S, Abbas T, Larner J. ZEB1 promotes non-homologous end joining double-strand break repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9863-9879. [PMID: 37665026 PMCID: PMC10570029 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair of DSB induced by IR is primarily carried out by Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ), a pathway in which 53BP1 plays a key role. We have discovered that the EMT-inducing transcriptional repressor ZEB1 (i) interacts with 53BP1 and that this interaction occurs rapidly and is significantly amplified following exposure of cells to IR; (ii) is required for the localization of 53BP1 to a subset of double-stranded breaks, and for physiological DSB repair; (iii) co-localizes with 53BP1 at IR-induced foci (IRIF); (iv) promotes NHEJ and inhibits Homologous Recombination (HR); (v) depletion increases resection at DSBs and (vi) confers PARP inhibitor (PARPi) sensitivity on BRCA1-deficient cells. Lastly, ZEB1's effects on repair pathway choice, resection, and PARPi sensitivity all rely on its homeodomain. In contrast to the well-characterized therapeutic resistance of high ZEB1-expressing cancer cells, the novel ZEB1-53BP1-shieldin resection axis described here exposes a therapeutic vulnerability: ZEB1 levels in BRCA1-deficient tumors may serve as a predictive biomarker of response to PARPis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Genetta
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800383, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Joshua C Hurwitz
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800383, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Evan A Clark
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800383, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Benjamin T Herold
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800383, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Shadi Khalil
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800383, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Tarek Abbas
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800383, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - James M Larner
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800383, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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24
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Kabrani E, Saha T, Di Virgilio M. DNA repair and antibody diversification: the 53BP1 paradigm. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:782-791. [PMID: 37640588 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair factor 53BP1 has long been implicated in V(D)J and class switch recombination (CSR) of mammalian lymphocyte receptors. However, the dissection of the underlying molecular activities is hampered by a paucity of studies [V(D)J] and plurality of phenotypes (CSR) associated with 53BP1 deficiency. Here, we revisit the currently accepted roles of 53BP1 in antibody diversification in view of the recent identification of its downstream effectors in DSB protection and latest advances in genome architecture. We propose that, in addition to end protection, 53BP1-mediated end-tethering stabilization is essential for CSR. Furthermore, we support a pre-DSB role during V(D)J recombination. Our perspective underscores the importance of evaluating repair of DSBs in relation to their dynamic architectural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kabrani
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification and Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Tannishtha Saha
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification and Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Michela Di Virgilio
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification and Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany.
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25
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Swift ML, Zhou R, Syed A, Moreau LA, Tomasik B, Tainer JA, Konstantinopoulos PA, D'Andrea AD, He YJ, Chowdhury D. Dynamics of the DYNLL1-MRE11 complex regulate DNA end resection and recruitment of Shieldin to DSBs. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1456-1467. [PMID: 37696958 PMCID: PMC10686051 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The extent and efficacy of DNA end resection at DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) determine the repair pathway choice. Here we describe how the 53BP1-associated protein DYNLL1 works in tandem with the Shieldin complex to protect DNA ends. DYNLL1 is recruited to DSBs by 53BP1, where it limits end resection by binding and disrupting the MRE11 dimer. The Shieldin complex is recruited to a fraction of 53BP1-positive DSBs hours after DYNLL1, predominantly in G1 cells. Shieldin localization to DSBs depends on MRE11 activity and is regulated by the interaction of DYNLL1 with MRE11. BRCA1-deficient cells rendered resistant to PARP inhibitors by the loss of Shieldin proteins can be resensitized by the constitutive association of DYNLL1 with MRE11. These results define the temporal and functional dynamics of the 53BP1-centric DNA end resection factors in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Swift
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Zhou
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aleem Syed
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa A Moreau
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bartłomiej Tomasik
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Medicine, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - John A Tainer
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yizhou Joseph He
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Myler LR, Toia B, Vaughan CK, Takai K, Matei AM, Wu P, Paull TT, de Lange T, Lottersberger F. DNA-PK and the TRF2 iDDR inhibit MRN-initiated resection at leading-end telomeres. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1346-1356. [PMID: 37653239 PMCID: PMC10497418 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres replicated by leading-strand synthesis lack the 3' overhang required for telomere protection. Surprisingly, resection of these blunt telomeres is initiated by the telomere-specific 5' exonuclease Apollo rather than the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex, the nuclease that acts at DNA breaks. Without Apollo, leading-end telomeres undergo fusion, which, as demonstrated here, is mediated by alternative end joining. Here, we show that DNA-PK and TRF2 coordinate the repression of MRN at blunt mouse telomeres. DNA-PK represses an MRN-dependent long-range resection, while the endonuclease activity of MRN-CtIP, which could cleave DNA-PK off of blunt telomere ends, is inhibited in vitro and in vivo by the iDDR of TRF2. AlphaFold-Multimer predicts a conserved association of the iDDR with Rad50, potentially interfering with CtIP binding and MRN endonuclease activation. We propose that repression of MRN-mediated resection is a conserved aspect of telomere maintenance and represents an ancient feature of DNA-PK and the iDDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan R Myler
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beatrice Toia
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Cara K Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kaori Takai
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreea M Matei
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peng Wu
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tanya T Paull
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Titia de Lange
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Francisca Lottersberger
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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27
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Beneyton A, Nonfoux L, Gagné JP, Rodrigue A, Kothari C, Atalay N, Hendzel M, Poirier G, Masson JY. The dynamic process of covalent and non-covalent PARylation in the maintenance of genome integrity: a focus on PARP inhibitors. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad043. [PMID: 37609662 PMCID: PMC10440794 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosylation) (PARylation) by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) is a highly regulated process that consists of the covalent addition of polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) through post-translational modifications of substrate proteins or non-covalent interactions with PAR via PAR binding domains and motifs, thereby reprogramming their functions. This modification is particularly known for its central role in the maintenance of genomic stability. However, how genomic integrity is controlled by an intricate interplay of covalent PARylation and non-covalent PAR binding remains largely unknown. Of importance, PARylation has caught recent attention for providing a mechanistic basis of synthetic lethality involving PARP inhibitors (PARPi), most notably in homologous recombination (HR)-deficient breast and ovarian tumors. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-cancer effect of PARPi are thought to implicate both catalytic inhibition and trapping of PARP enzymes on DNA. However, the relative contribution of each on tumor-specific cytotoxicity is still unclear. It is paramount to understand these PAR-dependent mechanisms, given that resistance to PARPi is a challenge in the clinic. Deciphering the complex interplay between covalent PARylation and non-covalent PAR binding and defining how PARP trapping and non-trapping events contribute to PARPi anti-tumour activity is essential for developing improved therapeutic strategies. With this perspective, we review the current understanding of PARylation biology in the context of the DNA damage response (DDR) and the mechanisms underlying PARPi activity and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Beneyton
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Louis Nonfoux
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gagné
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Amélie Rodrigue
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Charu Kothari
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nurgul Atalay
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Hendzel
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AlbertaT6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Guy G Poirier
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
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28
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Pettitt SJ, Shao N, Zatreanu D, Frankum J, Bajrami I, Brough R, Krastev DB, Roumeliotis TI, Choudhary JS, Lorenz S, Rust A, de Bono JS, Yap TA, Tutt ANJ, Lord CJ. A HUWE1 defect causes PARP inhibitor resistance by modulating the BRCA1-∆11q splice variant. Oncogene 2023; 42:2701-2709. [PMID: 37491606 PMCID: PMC10473960 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Although PARP inhibitors (PARPi) now form part of the standard-of-care for the treatment of homologous recombination defective cancers, de novo and acquired resistance limits their overall effectiveness. Previously, overexpression of the BRCA1-∆11q splice variant has been shown to cause PARPi resistance. How cancer cells achieve increased BRCA1-∆11q expression has remained unclear. Using isogenic cells with different BRCA1 mutations, we show that reduction in HUWE1 leads to increased levels of BRCA1-∆11q and PARPi resistance. This effect is specific to cells able to express BRCA1-∆11q (e.g. BRCA1 exon 11 mutant cells) and is not seen in BRCA1 mutants that cannot express BRCA1-∆11q, nor in BRCA2 mutant cells. As well as increasing levels of BRCA1-∆11q protein in exon 11 mutant cells, HUWE1 silencing also restores RAD51 nuclear foci and platinum salt resistance. HUWE1 catalytic domain mutations were also seen in a case of PARPi resistant, BRCA1 exon 11 mutant, high grade serous ovarian cancer. These results suggest how elevated levels of BRCA1-∆11q and PARPi resistance can be achieved, identify HUWE1 as a candidate biomarker of PARPi resistance for assessment in future clinical trials and illustrate how some PARPi resistance mechanisms may only operate in patients with particular BRCA1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Nan Shao
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Diana Zatreanu
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jessica Frankum
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ilirjana Bajrami
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Dragomir B Krastev
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | | | - Sonja Lorenz
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alistair Rust
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Timothy A Yap
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrew N J Tutt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
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29
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Parisis N, Dans PD, Jbara M, Singh B, Schausi-Tiffoche D, Molina-Serrano D, Brun-Heath I, Hendrychová D, Maity SK, Buitrago D, Lema R, Nait Achour T, Giunta S, Girardot M, Talarek N, Rofidal V, Danezi K, Coudreuse D, Prioleau MN, Feil R, Orozco M, Brik A, Wu PYJ, Krasinska L, Fisher D. Histone H3 serine-57 is a CHK1 substrate whose phosphorylation affects DNA repair. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5104. [PMID: 37607906 PMCID: PMC10444856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications promote a chromatin environment that controls transcription, DNA replication and repair, but surprisingly few phosphorylations have been documented. We report the discovery of histone H3 serine-57 phosphorylation (H3S57ph) and show that it is implicated in different DNA repair pathways from fungi to vertebrates. We identified CHK1 as a major human H3S57 kinase, and disrupting or constitutively mimicking H3S57ph had opposing effects on rate of recovery from replication stress, 53BP1 chromatin binding, and dependency on RAD52. In fission yeast, mutation of all H3 alleles to S57A abrogated DNA repair by both non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination, while cells with phospho-mimicking S57D alleles were partly compromised for both repair pathways, presented aberrant Rad52 foci and were strongly sensitised to replication stress. Mechanistically, H3S57ph loosens DNA-histone contacts, increasing nucleosome mobility, and interacts with H3K56. Our results suggest that dynamic phosphorylation of H3S57 is required for DNA repair and recovery from replication stress, opening avenues for investigating the role of this modification in other DNA-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Parisis
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Pablo D Dans
- IRB Barcelona, BIST, Barcelona, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute Pasteur of Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR North Riverside, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Salto, Uruguay
| | - Muhammad Jbara
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Denisa Hendrychová
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Suman Kumar Maity
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Thiziri Nait Achour
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Simona Giunta
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Genome Evolution, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Girardot
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Talarek
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Rofidal
- BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Katerina Danezi
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Damien Coudreuse
- IGDR, CNRS, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- IBGC, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Robert Feil
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Pei-Yun Jenny Wu
- IGDR, CNRS, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- IBGC, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Liliana Krasinska
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Fisher
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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Simpson D, Ling J, Jing Y, Adamson B. Mapping the Genetic Interaction Network of PARP inhibitor Response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.19.553986. [PMID: 37645833 PMCID: PMC10462155 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.19.553986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Genetic interactions have long informed our understanding of the coordinated proteins and pathways that respond to DNA damage in mammalian cells, but systematic interrogation of the genetic network underlying that system has yet to be achieved. Towards this goal, we measured 147,153 pairwise interactions among genes implicated in PARP inhibitor (PARPi) response. Evaluating genetic interactions at this scale, with and without exposure to PARPi, revealed hierarchical organization of the pathways and complexes that maintain genome stability during normal growth and defined changes that occur upon accumulation of DNA lesions due to cytotoxic doses of PARPi. We uncovered unexpected relationships among DNA repair genes, including context-specific buffering interactions between the minimally characterized AUNIP and BRCA1-A complex genes. Our work thus establishes a foundation for mapping differential genetic interactions in mammalian cells and provides a comprehensive resource for future studies of DNA repair and PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Simpson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jia Ling
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yangwode Jing
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Britt Adamson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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31
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Cordani N, Bianchi T, Ammoni LC, Cortinovis DL, Cazzaniga ME, Lissoni AA, Landoni F, Canova S. An Overview of PARP Resistance in Ovarian Cancer from a Molecular and Clinical Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11890. [PMID: 37569269 PMCID: PMC10418869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), a primarily high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC), is one of the major causes of high death-to-incidence ratios of all gynecological cancers. Cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy represent the main treatments for this aggressive disease. Molecular characterization of HGSOC has revealed that up to 50% of cases have a deficiency in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) system, which makes these tumors sensitive to poly ADP-ribose inhibitors (PARP-is). However, drug resistance often occurs and overcoming it represents a big challenge. A number of strategies are under investigation, with the most promising being combinations of PARP-is with antiangiogenetic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Moreover, new drugs targeting different pathways, including the ATR-CHK1-WEE1, the PI3K-AKT and the RAS/RAF/MEK, are under development both in phase I and II-III clinical trials. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go, and the next few years promise to be exciting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Cordani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.A.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Tommaso Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.A.L.); (F.L.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Carlofrancesco Ammoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.A.L.); (F.L.)
| | | | - Marina Elena Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.A.L.); (F.L.)
- Phase 1 Research Centre, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Alberto Lissoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.A.L.); (F.L.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Landoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.A.L.); (F.L.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Stefania Canova
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy;
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32
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Min J, Zhao J, Zagelbaum J, Lee J, Takahashi S, Cummings P, Schooley A, Dekker J, Gottesman ME, Rabadan R, Gautier J. Mechanisms of insertions at a DNA double-strand break. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2434-2448.e7. [PMID: 37402370 PMCID: PMC10527084 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Insertions and deletions (indels) are common sources of structural variation, and insertions originating from spontaneous DNA lesions are frequent in cancer. We developed a highly sensitive assay called insertion and deletion sequencing (Indel-seq) to monitor rearrangements in human cells at the TRIM37 acceptor locus that reports indels stemming from experimentally induced and spontaneous genome instability. Templated insertions, which derive from sequences genome wide, require contact between donor and acceptor loci, require homologous recombination, and are stimulated by DNA end-processing. Insertions are facilitated by transcription and involve a DNA/RNA hybrid intermediate. Indel-seq reveals that insertions are generated via multiple pathways. The broken acceptor site anneals with a resected DNA break or invades the displaced strand of a transcription bubble or R-loop, followed by DNA synthesis, displacement, and then ligation by non-homologous end joining. Our studies identify transcription-coupled insertions as a critical source of spontaneous genome instability that is distinct from cut-and-paste events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Min
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Zagelbaum
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jina Lee
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sho Takahashi
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Portia Cummings
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allana Schooley
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Job Dekker
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Max E Gottesman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean Gautier
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
It has been known for decades that telomerase extends the 3' end of linear eukaryotic chromosomes and dictates the telomeric repeat sequence based on the template in its RNA. However, telomerase does not mitigate sequence loss at the 5' ends of chromosomes, which results from lagging strand DNA synthesis and nucleolytic processing. Therefore, a second enzyme is needed to keep telomeres intact: DNA polymerase α/Primase bound to Ctc1-Stn1-Ten1 (CST). CST-Polα/Primase maintains telomeres through a fill-in reaction that replenishes the lost sequences at the 5' ends. CST not only serves to maintain telomeres but also determines their length by keeping telomerase from overelongating telomeres. Here we discuss recent data on the evolution, structure, function, and recruitment of mammalian CST-Polα/Primase, highlighting the role of this complex and telomere length control in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W Cai
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Titia de Lange
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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34
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Vaurs M, Naiman K, Bouabboune C, Rai S, Ptasińska K, Rives M, Matmati S, Carr AM, Géli V, Coulon S. Stn1-Ten1 and Taz1 independently promote replication of subtelomeric fragile sequences in fission yeast. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112537. [PMID: 37243596 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient replication of terminal DNA is crucial to maintain telomere stability. In fission yeast, Taz1 and the Stn1-Ten1 (ST) complex play prominent roles in DNA-ends replication. However, their function remains elusive. Here, we have analyzed genome-wide replication and show that ST does not affect genome-wide replication but is crucial for the efficient replication of a subtelomeric region called STE3-2. We further show that, when ST function is compromised, a homologous recombination (HR)-based fork restart mechanism becomes necessary for STE3-2 stability. While both Taz1 and Stn1 bind to STE3-2, we find that the STE3-2 replication function of ST is independent of Taz1 but relies on its association with the shelterin proteins Pot1-Tpz1-Poz1. Finally, we demonstrate that the firing of an origin normally inhibited by Rif1 can circumvent the replication defect of subtelomeres when ST function is compromised. Our results help illuminate why fission yeast telomeres are terminal fragile sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Vaurs
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée), Marseille, France
| | - Karel Naiman
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée), Marseille, France; Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Chaïnez Bouabboune
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée), Marseille, France
| | - Sudhir Rai
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée), Marseille, France
| | - Katarzyna Ptasińska
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Marion Rives
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée), Marseille, France
| | - Samah Matmati
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée), Marseille, France
| | - Antony M Carr
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Vincent Géli
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée), Marseille, France.
| | - Stéphane Coulon
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée), Marseille, France.
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35
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Olson CL, Barbour AT, Wieser TA, Wuttke DS. RPA engages telomeric G-quadruplexes more effectively than CST. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:5073-5086. [PMID: 37140062 PMCID: PMC10250233 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are a set of stable secondary structures that form within guanine-rich regions of single-stranded nucleic acids that pose challenges for DNA maintenance. The G-rich DNA sequence at telomeres has a propensity to form G4s of various topologies. The human protein complexes Replication Protein A (RPA) and CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) are implicated in managing G4s at telomeres, leading to DNA unfolding and allowing telomere replication to proceed. Here, we use fluorescence anisotropy equilibrium binding measurements to determine the ability of these proteins to bind various telomeric G4s. We find that the ability of CST to specifically bind G-rich ssDNA is substantially inhibited by the presence of G4s. In contrast, RPA tightly binds telomeric G4s, showing negligible changes in affinity for G4 structure compared to linear ssDNAs. Using a mutagenesis strategy, we found that RPA DNA-binding domains work together for G4 binding, and simultaneous disruption of these domains reduces the affinity of RPA for G4 ssDNA. The relative inability of CST to disrupt G4s, combined with the greater cellular abundance of RPA, suggests that RPA could act as a primary protein complex responsible for resolving G4s at telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner L Olson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO80309, USA
| | - Alexandra T Barbour
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO80309, USA
| | - Thomas A Wieser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO80309, USA
| | - Deborah S Wuttke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO80309, USA
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36
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Nguyen DD, Kim E, Le NT, Ding X, Jaiswal RK, Kostlan RJ, Nguyen TNT, Shiva O, Le MT, Chai W. Deficiency in mammalian STN1 promotes colon cancer development via inhibiting DNA repair. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd8023. [PMID: 37163605 PMCID: PMC10171824 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high lethality of colorectal cancers (CRCs), only a limited number of genetic risk factors are identified. The mammalian ssDNA-binding protein complex CTC1-STN1-TEN1 protects genome stability, yet its role in tumorigenesis is unknown. Here, we show that attenuated CTC1/STN1 expression is common in CRCs. We generated an inducible STN1 knockout mouse model and found that STN1 deficiency in young adult mice increased CRC incidence, tumor size, and tumor load. CRC tumors exhibited enhanced proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and elevated DNA damage and replication stress. We found that STN1 deficiency down-regulated multiple DNA glycosylases, resulting in defective base excision repair (BER) and accumulation of oxidative damage. Collectively, this study identifies STN1 deficiency as a risk factor for CRC and implicates the previously unknown STN1-BER axis in protecting colon tissues from oxidative damage, therefore providing insights into the CRC tumor-suppressing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Nhat Thong Le
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Xianzhong Ding
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Rishi Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Raymond Joseph Kostlan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Thi Ngoc Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Olga Shiva
- Office of Research, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Minh Thong Le
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Weihang Chai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
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37
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Ait Saada A, Guo W, Costa AB, Yang J, Wang J, Lobachev K. Widely spaced and divergent inverted repeats become a potent source of chromosomal rearrangements in long single-stranded DNA regions. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:3722-3734. [PMID: 36919609 PMCID: PMC10164571 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA inverted repeats (IRs) are widespread across many eukaryotic genomes. Their ability to form stable hairpin/cruciform secondary structures is causative in triggering chromosome instability leading to several human diseases. Distance and sequence divergence between IRs are inversely correlated with their ability to induce gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) because of a lesser probability of secondary structure formation and chromosomal breakage. In this study, we demonstrate that structural parameters that normally constrain the instability of IRs are overcome when the repeats interact in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). We established a system in budding yeast whereby >73 kb of ssDNA can be formed in cdc13-707fs mutants. We found that in ssDNA, 12 bp or 30 kb spaced Alu-IRs show similarly high levels of GCRs, while heterology only beyond 25% suppresses IR-induced instability. Mechanistically, rearrangements arise after cis-interaction of IRs leading to a DNA fold-back and the formation of a dicentric chromosome, which requires Rad52/Rad59 for IR annealing as well as Rad1-Rad10, Slx4, Msh2/Msh3 and Saw1 proteins for nonhomologous tail removal. Importantly, using structural characteristics rendering IRs permissive to DNA fold-back in yeast, we found that ssDNA regions mapped in cancer genomes contain a substantial number of potentially interacting and unstable IRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissia Ait Saada
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Wenying Guo
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Alex B Costa
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kirill S Lobachev
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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38
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Nasheuer HP, Onwubiko NO. Lagging Strand Initiation Processes in DNA Replication of Eukaryotes-Strings of Highly Coordinated Reactions Governed by Multiprotein Complexes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051012. [PMID: 37239371 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In their influential reviews, Hanahan and Weinberg coined the term 'Hallmarks of Cancer' and described genome instability as a property of cells enabling cancer development. Accurate DNA replication of genomes is central to diminishing genome instability. Here, the understanding of the initiation of DNA synthesis in origins of DNA replication to start leading strand synthesis and the initiation of Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand are crucial to control genome instability. Recent findings have provided new insights into the mechanism of the remodelling of the prime initiation enzyme, DNA polymerase α-primase (Pol-prim), during primer synthesis, how the enzyme complex achieves lagging strand synthesis, and how it is linked to replication forks to achieve optimal initiation of Okazaki fragments. Moreover, the central roles of RNA primer synthesis by Pol-prim in multiple genome stability pathways such as replication fork restart and protection of DNA against degradation by exonucleases during double-strand break repair are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Peter Nasheuer
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, Arts & Science Building, Main Concourse, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry, University of Galway, Distillery Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Nichodemus O Onwubiko
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, Arts & Science Building, Main Concourse, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry, University of Galway, Distillery Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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39
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Xie D, Huang Q, Zhou P. Drug Discovery Targeting Post-Translational Modifications in Response to DNA Damages Induced by Space Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087656. [PMID: 37108815 PMCID: PMC10142602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage in astronauts induced by cosmic radiation poses a major barrier to human space exploration. Cellular responses and repair of the most lethal DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are crucial for genomic integrity and cell survival. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and SUMOylation, are among the regulatory factors modulating a delicate balance and choice between predominant DSB repair pathways, such as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). In this review, we focused on the engagement of proteins in the DNA damage response (DDR) modulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, including ATM, DNA-PKcs, CtIP, MDM2, and ubiquitin ligases. The involvement and function of acetylation, methylation, PARylation, and their essential proteins were also investigated, providing a repository of candidate targets for DDR regulators. However, there is a lack of radioprotectors in spite of their consideration in the discovery of radiosensitizers. We proposed new perspectives for the research and development of future agents against space radiation by the systematic integration and utilization of evolutionary strategies, including multi-omics analyses, rational computing methods, drug repositioning, and combinations of drugs and targets, which may facilitate the use of radioprotectors in practical applications in human space exploration to combat fatal radiation hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Xie
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28th, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28th, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang 421001, China
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40
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Shimada Y, Kato T, Sakurai Y, Watanabe H, Nonaka M, Nanaura N, Ichinoe M, Murakumo Y. Identification of the promoter region regulating the transcription of the REV7 gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 662:8-17. [PMID: 37094431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
REV7 is involved in various biological processes including DNA repair and mutagenesis, cell cycle regulation, gene transcription, and carcinogenesis. REV7 is highly expressed in adult testicular germ cells as well as several malignant tumors. REV7 expression levels are associated with prognosis in several human cancers, however, the mechanism of REV7 transcriptional regulation has not been elucidated. In this study, we characterized the promoter region of the REV7 gene. A luciferase reporter assay using the human germ cell tumor cell line NEC8 was utilized to examine the upstream genomic region of REV7 for transcriptional activity, and two transcriptional activation regions were identified. We determined a small genomic region important for transcriptional activation using site-directed mutagenesis; this region is shared by several putative binding motifs for transcription factors, including the cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (BLIMP-1). Exogenous CREM and CREB expression had no effect on the transcriptional activity in NEC8 cells or the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T. In contrast, exogenous BLIMP-1 expression increased luciferase reporter activity in HEK293T cells but unexpectedly decreased activity in NEC8 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that BLIMP-1 binds to the genomic region near the binding motif in the REV7 promoter. Additionally, BLIMP-1 overexpression promoted endogenous REV7 expression in HEK293T cells. These findings suggest that BLIMP-1 may be a putative transcriptional regulator of REV7 in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sakurai
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hitoe Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Mayu Nonaka
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Natsumi Nanaura
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ichinoe
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
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41
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He Q, Baranovskiy AG, Morstadt LM, Lisova AE, Babayeva ND, Lusk BL, Lim CJ, Tahirov TH. Structures of human primosome elongation complexes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:579-583. [PMID: 37069376 PMCID: PMC10268227 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-00971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of RNA-DNA primer by primosome requires coordination between primase and DNA polymerase α subunits, which is accompanied by unknown architectural rearrangements of multiple domains. Using cryogenic electron microscopy, we solved a 3.6 Å human primosome structure caught at an early stage of RNA primer elongation with deoxynucleotides. The structure confirms a long-standing role of primase large subunit and reveals new insights into how primosome is limited to synthesizing short RNA-DNA primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang He
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrey G Baranovskiy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lucia M Morstadt
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alisa E Lisova
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nigar D Babayeva
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benjamin L Lusk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ci Ji Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Tahir H Tahirov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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42
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Huang J, Wu C, Kloeber JA, Gao H, Gao M, Zhu Q, Chang Y, Zhao F, Guo G, Luo K, Dai H, Liu S, Huang Q, Kim W, Zhou Q, Zhu S, Wu Z, Tu X, Yin P, Deng M, Wang L, Yuan J, Lou Z. SLFN5-mediated chromatin dynamics sculpt higher-order DNA repair topology. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1043-1060.e10. [PMID: 36854302 PMCID: PMC10467573 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) elicits three-dimensional (3D) chromatin topological changes. A recent finding reveals that 53BP1 assembles into a 3D chromatin topology pattern around DSBs. How this formation of a higher-order structure is configured and regulated remains enigmatic. Here, we report that SLFN5 is a critical factor for 53BP1 topological arrangement at DSBs. Using super-resolution imaging, we find that SLFN5 binds to 53BP1 chromatin domains to assemble a higher-order microdomain architecture by driving damaged chromatin dynamics at both DSBs and deprotected telomeres. Mechanistically, we propose that 53BP1 topology is shaped by two processes: (1) chromatin mobility driven by the SLFN5-LINC-microtubule axis and (2) the assembly of 53BP1 oligomers mediated by SLFN5. In mammals, SLFN5 deficiency disrupts the DSB repair topology and impairs non-homologous end joining, telomere fusions, class switch recombination, and sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. We establish a molecular mechanism that shapes higher-order chromatin topologies to safeguard genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chenming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Huanyao Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yiming Chang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Guijie Guo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kuntian Luo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Haiming Dai
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qiru Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shouhai Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zheming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xinyi Tu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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43
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Zhou R, Swift ML, Syed A, Huang K, Moreau L, Tainer JA, Konstantinopoulos PA, Dâ Andrea AD, He YJ, Chowdhury D. Dynamics of the DYNLL1/MRE11 complex regulates DNA end resection and recruitment of the Shieldin complex to DSBs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.27.534416. [PMID: 37034578 PMCID: PMC10081242 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.534416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Extent and efficacy of DNA end resection at DNA double strand break (DSB)s determines the choice of repair pathway. Here we describe how the 53BP1 associated protein DYNLL1 works in tandem with Shieldin and the CST complex to protect DNA ends. DYNLL1 is recruited to DSBs by 53BP1 where it limits end resection by binding and disrupting the MRE11 dimer. The Shieldin complex is recruited to a fraction of 53BP1-positive DSBs hours after DYNLL1 predominantly in the G1 cells. Shieldin localization to DSBs is dependent on MRE11 activity and is regulated by the interaction of DYNLL1 with MRE11. BRCA1-deficient cells rendered resistant to PARP inhibitors by the loss of Shieldin proteins can be re-sensitized by the constitutive association of DYNLL1 with MRE11. These results define the temporal and functional dynamics of the 53BP1-centric DNA end resection factors in cells.
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44
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Liu C, Yu P, Ren Z, Yao F, Wang L, Hu G, Li P, Zhao Q. Rif1 Regulates Self-Renewal and Impedes Mesendodermal Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10525-1. [PMID: 36971904 PMCID: PMC10366267 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
RAP1 interacting factor 1 (Rif1) is highly expressed in mice embryos and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). It plays critical roles in telomere length homeostasis, DNA damage, DNA replication timing and ERV silencing. However, whether Rif1 regulates early differentiation of mESC is still unclear.
Methods
In this study, we generated a Rif1 conditional knockout mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line based on Cre-loxP system. Western blot, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), RNA high-throughput sequencing (RNA-Seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation followed high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR), immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation were employed for phenotype and molecular mechanism assessment.
Results
Rif1 plays important roles in self-renewal and pluripotency of mESCs and loss of Rif1 promotes mESC differentiation toward the mesendodermal germ layers. We further show that Rif1 interacts with histone H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2, a subunit of PRC2, and regulates the expression of developmental genes by directly binding to their promoters. Rif1 deficiency reduces the occupancy of EZH2 and H3K27me3 on mesendodermal gene promoters and activates ERK1/2 activities.
Conclusion
Rif1 is a key factor in regulating the pluripotency, self-renewal, and lineage specification of mESCs. Our research provides new insights into the key roles of Rif1 in connecting epigenetic regulations and signaling pathways for cell fate determination and lineage specification of mESCs.
Graphical abstract
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45
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Zhang Z, Samsa WE, De Y, Zhang F, Reizes O, Almasan A, Gong Z. HDGFRP3 interaction with 53BP1 promotes DNA double-strand break repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:2238-2256. [PMID: 36794849 PMCID: PMC10018360 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The 53BP1-dependent end-joining pathway plays a critical role in double-strand break (DSB) repair. However, the regulators of 53BP1 in chromatin remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we identified HDGFRP3 (hepatoma-derived growth factor related protein 3) as a 53BP1-interacting protein. The HDGFRP3-53BP1 interaction is mediated by the PWWP domain of HDGFRP3 and the Tudor domain of 53BP1. Importantly, we observed that the HDGFRP3-53BP1 complex co-localizes with 53BP1 or γH2AX at sites of DSB and participates in the response to DNA damage repair. Loss of HDGFRP3 impairs classical non-homologous end-joining repair (NHEJ), curtails the accumulation of 53BP1 at DSB sites, and enhances DNA end-resection. Moreover, the HDGFRP3-53BP1 interaction is required for cNHEJ repair, 53BP1 recruitment at DSB sites, and inhibition of DNA end resection. In addition, loss of HDGFRP3 renders BRCA1-deficient cells resistant to PARP inhibitors by facilitating end-resection in BRCA1 deficient cells. We also found that the interaction of HDGFRP3 with methylated H4K20 was dramatically decreased; in contrast, the 53BP1-methylated H4K20 interaction was increased after ionizing radiation, which is likely regulated by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Taken together, our data reveal a dynamic 53BP1-methylated H4K20-HDGFRP3 complex that regulates 53BP1 recruitment at DSB sites, providing new insights into our understanding of the regulation of 53BP1-mediated DNA repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William E Samsa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yanyan De
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexandru Almasan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zihua Gong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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46
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REV7 in Cancer Biology and Management. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061721. [PMID: 36980607 PMCID: PMC10046837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair and cell cycle regulation are potential biological fields to develop molecular targeting therapies for cancer. Human REV7 was originally discovered as a homologous molecule to yeast Rev7, which is involved in DNA damage response and mutagenesis, and as the second homolog of yeast Mad2, involved in the spindle assembly checkpoint. Although REV7 principally functions in the fields of DNA repair and cell cycle regulation, many binding partners of REV7 have been identified using comprehensive analyses in the past decade, and the significance of REV7 is expanding in various other biological fields, such as gene transcription, epigenetics, primordial germ cell survival, neurogenesis, intracellular signaling, and microbial infection. In addition, the clinical significance of REV7 has been demonstrated in studies using human cancer tissues, and investigations in cancer cell lines and animal models have revealed the greater impacts of REV7 in cancer biology, which makes it an attractive target molecule for cancer management. This review focuses on the functions of REV7 in human cancer and discusses the utility of REV7 for cancer management with a summary of the recent development of inhibitors targeting REV7.
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47
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Kong N, Liu Z, Chan YW. RIF1 suppresses the formation of single-stranded ultrafine anaphase bridges via protein phosphatase 1. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112032. [PMID: 36719798 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Resolution of ultrafine anaphase bridges (UFBs) must be completed before cytokinesis to ensure sister-chromatid disjunction. RIF1 is involved in UFB resolution by a mechanism that is not yet clear. Here, we show that RIF1 functions in mitosis to inhibit the formation of 53BP1 nuclear bodies and micronuclei. Meanwhile, RIF1 localizes on PICH-coated double-stranded UFBs but not on RPA-coated single-stranded UFBs. Depletion of RIF1 leads to an elevated level of RPA-coated UFBs, in a BLM-dependent manner. RIF1 interacts with all three isoforms of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) at its CI domain in anaphase when CDK1 activity declines. CDK1 negatively regulates RIF1-PP1 interaction via the CIII domain of RIF1. Importantly, depletion of PP1 phenocopies RIF1 depletion, and phosphorylation-resistant mutant of PICH shows reduced interaction with the BTR complex and bypasses the need of RIF1 in preventing the formation of single-stranded UFBs. Overall, our data show that PP1 is the effector of RIF1 in UFB resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying Wai Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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48
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Mirman Z, Cai S, de Lange T. CST/Polα/primase-mediated fill-in synthesis at DSBs. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:379-389. [PMID: 36205622 PMCID: PMC9879193 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2123886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) pose a major threat to the genome, so the efficient repair of such breaks is essential. DSB processing and repair is affected by 53BP1, which has been proposed to determine repair pathway choice and/or promote repair fidelity. 53BP1 and its downstream effectors, RIF1 and shieldin, control 3' overhang length, and the mechanism has been a topic of intensive research. Here, we highlight recent evidence that 3' overhang control by 53BP1 occurs through fill-in synthesis of resected DSBs by CST/Polα/primase. We focus on the crucial role of fill-in synthesis in BRCA1-deficient cells treated with PARPi and discuss the notion of fill-in synthesis in other specialized settings and in the repair of random DSBs. We argue that - in addition to other determinants - repair pathway choice may be influenced by the DNA sequence at the break which can impact CST binding and therefore the deployment of Polα/primase fill-in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Mirman
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, HHMI, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Cai
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory for Molecular Electron Microscopy, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Titia de Lange
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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49
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Revy P, Kannengiesser C, Bertuch AA. Genetics of human telomere biology disorders. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:86-108. [PMID: 36151328 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes that prevent the activation of DNA damage response and repair pathways. Numerous factors localize at telomeres to regulate their length, structure and function, to avert replicative senescence or genome instability and cell death. In humans, Mendelian defects in several of these factors can result in abnormally short or dysfunctional telomeres, causing a group of rare heterogeneous premature-ageing diseases, termed telomeropathies, short-telomere syndromes or telomere biology disorders (TBDs). Here, we review the TBD-causing genes identified so far and describe their main functions associated with telomere biology. We present molecular aspects of TBDs, including genetic anticipation, phenocopy, incomplete penetrance and somatic genetic rescue, which underlie the complexity of these diseases. We also discuss the implications of phenotypic and genetic features of TBDs on fundamental aspects related to human telomere biology, ageing and cancer, as well as on diagnostic, therapeutic and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Revy
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Kannengiesser
- APHP Service de Génétique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
- Inserm U1152, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alison A Bertuch
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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50
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Coloma J, Gonzalez-Rodriguez N, Balaguer FA, Gmurczyk K, Aicart-Ramos C, Nuero ÓM, Luque-Ortega JR, Calugaru K, Lue NF, Moreno-Herrero F, Llorca O. Molecular architecture and oligomerization of Candida glabrata Cdc13 underpin its telomeric DNA-binding and unfolding activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:668-686. [PMID: 36629261 PMCID: PMC9881146 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The CST complex is a key player in telomere replication and stability, which in yeast comprises Cdc13, Stn1 and Ten1. While Stn1 and Ten1 are very well conserved across species, Cdc13 does not resemble its mammalian counterpart CTC1 either in sequence or domain organization, and Cdc13 but not CTC1 displays functions independently of the rest of CST. Whereas the structures of human CTC1 and CST have been determined, the molecular organization of Cdc13 remains poorly understood. Here, we dissect the molecular architecture of Candida glabrata Cdc13 and show how it regulates binding to telomeric sequences. Cdc13 forms dimers through the interaction between OB-fold 2 (OB2) domains. Dimerization stimulates binding of OB3 to telomeric sequences, resulting in the unfolding of ssDNA secondary structure. Once bound to DNA, Cdc13 prevents the refolding of ssDNA by mechanisms involving all domains. OB1 also oligomerizes, inducing higher-order complexes of Cdc13 in vitro. OB1 truncation disrupts these complexes, affects ssDNA unfolding and reduces telomere length in C. glabrata. Together, our results reveal the molecular organization of C. glabrata Cdc13 and how this regulates the binding and the structure of DNA, and suggest that yeast species evolved distinct architectures of Cdc13 that share some common principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Coloma
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Javier Coloma. Tel: +34 91 732 8000 (Ext 3033);
| | | | - Francisco A Balaguer
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karolina Gmurczyk
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Aicart-Ramos
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar M Nuero
- Molecular Interactions Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Román Luque-Ortega
- Molecular Interactions Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kimberly Calugaru
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, W. R. Hearst Microbiology Research Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neal F Lue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, W. R. Hearst Microbiology Research Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Oscar Llorca
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +34 91 732 8000 (Ext 3000);
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