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Harvey-Jones E, Raghunandan M, Robbez-Masson L, Magraner-Pardo L, Alaguthurai T, Yablonovitch A, Yen J, Xiao H, Brough R, Frankum J, Song F, Yeung J, Savy T, Gulati A, Alexander J, Kemp H, Starling C, Konde A, Marlow R, Cheang M, Proszek P, Hubank M, Cai M, Trendell J, Lu R, Liccardo R, Ravindran N, Llop-Guevara A, Rodriguez O, Balmana J, Lukashchuk N, Dorschner M, Drusbosky L, Roxanis I, Serra V, Haider S, Pettitt SJ, Lord CJ, Tutt ANJ. Longitudinal profiling identifies co-occurring BRCA1/2 reversions, TP53BP1, RIF1 and PAXIP1 mutations in PARP inhibitor-resistant advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:364-380. [PMID: 38244928 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to therapies that target homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in breast cancer limits their overall effectiveness. Multiple, preclinically validated, mechanisms of resistance have been proposed, but their existence and relative frequency in clinical disease are unclear, as is how to target resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Longitudinal mutation and methylation profiling of circulating tumour (ct)DNA was carried out in 47 patients with metastatic BRCA1-, BRCA2- or PALB2-mutant breast cancer treated with HRD-targeted therapy who developed progressive disease-18 patients had primary resistance and 29 exhibited response followed by resistance. ctDNA isolated at multiple time points in the patient treatment course (before, on-treatment and at progression) was sequenced using a novel >750-gene intron/exon targeted sequencing panel. Where available, matched tumour biopsies were whole exome and RNA sequenced and also used to assess nuclear RAD51. RESULTS BRCA1/2 reversion mutations were present in 60% of patients and were the most prevalent form of resistance. In 10 cases, reversions were detected in ctDNA before clinical progression. Two new reversion-based mechanisms were identified: (i) intragenic BRCA1/2 deletions with intronic breakpoints; and (ii) intragenic BRCA1/2 secondary mutations that formed novel splice acceptor sites, the latter being confirmed by in vitro minigene reporter assays. When seen before commencing subsequent treatment, reversions were associated with significantly shorter time to progression. Tumours with reversions retained HRD mutational signatures but had functional homologous recombination based on RAD51 status. Although less frequent than reversions, nonreversion mechanisms [loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in TP53BP1, RIF1 or PAXIP1] were evident in patients with acquired resistance and occasionally coexisted with reversions, challenging the notion that singular resistance mechanisms emerge in each patient. CONCLUSIONS These observations map the prevalence of candidate drivers of resistance across time in a clinical setting, information with implications for clinical management and trial design in HRD breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Harvey-Jones
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK; The City of London Cancer Research UK Centre at King's College London, UK
| | - M Raghunandan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - L Robbez-Masson
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - L Magraner-Pardo
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - T Alaguthurai
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | | | - J Yen
- Guardant Health Inc., Redwood City, USA
| | - H Xiao
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Brough
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Frankum
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - F Song
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Yeung
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - T Savy
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Gulati
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Alexander
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - H Kemp
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C Starling
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Konde
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Marlow
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M Cheang
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - P Proszek
- Clinical Genomics, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Hubank
- Clinical Genomics, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Cai
- Guardant Health Inc., Redwood City, USA
| | - J Trendell
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - R Lu
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - R Liccardo
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - N Ravindran
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - O Rodriguez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Balmana
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - I Roxanis
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - V Serra
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - S J Pettitt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - C J Lord
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - A N J Tutt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK; The City of London Cancer Research UK Centre at King's College London, UK.
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2
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Kabrani E, Saha T, Di Virgilio M. DNA repair and antibody diversification: the 53BP1 paradigm. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:782-791. [PMID: 37640588 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair factor 53BP1 has long been implicated in V(D)J and class switch recombination (CSR) of mammalian lymphocyte receptors. However, the dissection of the underlying molecular activities is hampered by a paucity of studies [V(D)J] and plurality of phenotypes (CSR) associated with 53BP1 deficiency. Here, we revisit the currently accepted roles of 53BP1 in antibody diversification in view of the recent identification of its downstream effectors in DSB protection and latest advances in genome architecture. We propose that, in addition to end protection, 53BP1-mediated end-tethering stabilization is essential for CSR. Furthermore, we support a pre-DSB role during V(D)J recombination. Our perspective underscores the importance of evaluating repair of DSBs in relation to their dynamic architectural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kabrani
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification and Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Tannishtha Saha
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification and Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Michela Di Virgilio
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification and Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany.
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3
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Howe J, Weeks A, Reardon P, Barbar E. Multivalent binding of the hub protein LC8 at a newly discovered site in 53BP1. Biophys J 2022; 121:4433-4442. [PMID: 36335430 PMCID: PMC9748353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) is a scaffolding protein involved in poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor hypersensitivity in BRCA1-negative cancers. 53BP1 plays a critical role in the DNA damage response and relies on its oligomerization to create foci that promote repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Previous work shows that mutation of either the oligomerization domain or the dynein light chain 8 (LC8)-binding sites of 53BP1 results in reduced accumulation of 53BP1 at double-strand breaks. Mutation of both abolishes focus formation almost completely. Here, we show that, contrary to current literature, 53BP1 contains three LC8-binding sites, all of which are conserved in mammals. Isothermal titration calorimetry measuring binding affinity of 53BP1 variants with LC8 shows that the third LC8-binding site has a high affinity and can bind LC8 in the absence of other sites. NMR titrations confirm that the third site binds LC8 even in variants that lack the other LC8-binding sites. The third site is the closest to the oligomerization domain of 53BP1, and its discovery would challenge our current understanding of the role of LC8 in 53BP1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Howe
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Austin Weeks
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Patrick Reardon
- Oregon State University NMR Facility, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Elisar Barbar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
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4
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Chen D, Gervai JZ, Póti Á, Németh E, Szeltner Z, Szikriszt B, Gyüre Z, Zámborszky J, Ceccon M, d'Adda di Fagagna F, Szallasi Z, Richardson AL, Szüts D. BRCA1 deficiency specific base substitution mutagenesis is dependent on translesion synthesis and regulated by 53BP1. Nat Commun 2022; 13:226. [PMID: 35017534 PMCID: PMC8752635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in BRCA1, BRCA2 and other genes of the homology-dependent DNA repair (HR) pathway cause an elevated rate of mutagenesis, eliciting specific mutation patterns including COSMIC signature SBS3. Using genome sequencing of knock-out cell lines we show that Y family translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases contribute to the spontaneous generation of base substitution and short insertion/deletion mutations in BRCA1 deficient cells, and that TLS on DNA adducts is increased in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutants. The inactivation of 53BP1 in BRCA1 mutant cells markedly reduces TLS-specific mutagenesis, and rescues the deficiency of template switch-mediated gene conversions in the immunoglobulin V locus of BRCA1 mutant chicken DT40 cells. 53BP1 also promotes TLS in human cellular extracts in vitro. Our results show that HR deficiency-specific mutagenesis is largely caused by TLS, and suggest a function for 53BP1 in regulating the choice between TLS and error-free template switching in replicative DNA damage bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Judit Z Gervai
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Ádám Póti
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Eszter Németh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szeltner
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Szikriszt
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Gyüre
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Judit Zámborszky
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Marta Ceccon
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1092, Hungary
| | | | - Dávid Szüts
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
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Wang D, Ma J, Botuyan MV, Cui G, Yan Y, Ding D, Zhou Y, Krueger EW, Pei J, Wu X, Wang L, Pei H, McNiven MA, Ye D, Mer G, Huang H. ATM-phosphorylated SPOP contributes to 53BP1 exclusion from chromatin during DNA replication. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabd9208. [PMID: 34144977 PMCID: PMC8213225 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
53BP1 activates nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and inhibits homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Dissociation of 53BP1 from DSBs and consequent activation of HR, a less error-prone pathway than NHEJ, helps maintain genome integrity during DNA replication; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that E3 ubiquitin ligase SPOP promotes HR during S phase of the cell cycle by excluding 53BP1 from DSBs. In response to DNA damage, ATM kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of SPOP causes a conformational change in SPOP, revealed by x-ray crystal structures, that stabilizes its interaction with 53BP1. 53BP1-bound SPOP induces polyubiquitination of 53BP1, eliciting 53BP1 extraction from chromatin by a valosin-containing protein/p97 segregase complex. Our work shows that SPOP facilitates HR repair over NHEJ during DNA replication by contributing to 53BP1 removal from chromatin. Cancer-derived SPOP mutations block SPOP interaction with 53BP1, inducing HR defects and chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastroenterology, Angiocardiopathy and Neurosciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Maria Victoria Botuyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gaofeng Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yuqian Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Donglin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yingke Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Eugene W Krueger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jiang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wu
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Huadong Pei
- George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Mark A McNiven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Georges Mer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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6
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Gerakopoulos V, Ngo P, Tsiokas L. Loss of polycystins suppresses deciliation via the activation of the centrosomal integrity pathway. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e202000750. [PMID: 32651191 PMCID: PMC7368097 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a microtubule-based, antenna-like organelle housing several signaling pathways. It follows a cyclic pattern of assembly and deciliation (disassembly and/or shedding), as cells exit and re-enter the cell cycle, respectively. In general, primary cilia loss leads to kidney cystogenesis. However, in animal models of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, a major disease caused by mutations in the polycystin genes (Pkd1 or Pkd2), primary cilia ablation or acceleration of deciliation suppresses cystic growth, whereas deceleration of deciliation enhances cystogenesis. Here, we show that deciliation is delayed in the cystic epithelium of a mouse model of postnatal deletion of Pkd1 and in Pkd1- or Pkd2-null cells in culture. Mechanistic experiments show that PKD1 depletion activates the centrosomal integrity/mitotic surveillance pathway involving 53BP1, USP28, and p53 leading to a delay in deciliation. Reduced deciliation rate causes prolonged activation of cilia-based signaling pathways that could promote cystic growth. Our study links polycystins to cilia dynamics, identifies cellular deciliation downstream of the centrosomal integrity pathway, and helps explain pro-cystic effects of primary cilia in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Gerakopoulos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Peter Ngo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Leonidas Tsiokas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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7
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Parvin S, Ramirez-Labrada A, Aumann S, Lu X, Weich N, Santiago G, Cortizas EM, Sharabi E, Zhang Y, Sanchez-Garcia I, Gentles AJ, Roberts E, Bilbao-Cortes D, Vega F, Chapman JR, Verdun RE, Lossos IS. LMO2 Confers Synthetic Lethality to PARP Inhibition in DLBCL. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:237-249.e6. [PMID: 31447348 PMCID: PMC6752209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair mechanisms has been widely exploited for the treatment of different malignances, including homologous recombination (HR)-deficient breast and ovarian cancers. Here we demonstrate that diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) expressing LMO2 protein are functionally deficient in HR-mediated DSB repair. Mechanistically, LMO2 inhibits BRCA1 recruitment to DSBs by interacting with 53BP1 during repair. Similar to BRCA1-deficient cells, LMO2-positive DLBCLs and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells exhibit a high sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Furthermore, chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors synergize to inhibit the growth of LMO2-positive tumors. Together, our results reveal that LMO2 expression predicts HR deficiency and the potential therapeutic use of PARP inhibitors in DLBCL and T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Parvin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ariel Ramirez-Labrada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shlomzion Aumann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - XiaoQing Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Natalia Weich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gabriel Santiago
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Elena M Cortizas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eden Sharabi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Isidro Sanchez-Garcia
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/ Universidad de Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Departments of Medicine, and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Evan Roberts
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Francisco Vega
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer R Chapman
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ramiro E Verdun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Izidore S Lossos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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8
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Miquel-Cases A, Retèl VP, van Harten WH, Steuten LMG. Decisions on Further Research for Predictive Biomarkers of High-Dose Alkylating Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Value of Information Analysis. Value Health 2016; 19:419-430. [PMID: 27325334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To inform decisions about the design and priority of further studies of emerging predictive biomarkers of high-dose alkylating chemotherapy (HDAC) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) using value-of-information analysis. METHODS A state transition model compared treating women with TNBC with current clinical practice and four biomarker strategies to personalize HDAC: 1) BRCA1-like profile by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) testing; 2) BRCA1-like profile by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) testing; 3) strategy 1 followed by X-inactive specific transcript gene (XIST) and tumor suppressor p53 binding protein (53BP1) testing; and 4) strategy 2 followed by XIST and 53BP1 testing, from a Dutch societal perspective and a 20-year time horizon. Input data came from literature and expert opinions. We assessed the expected value of partial perfect information, the expected value of sample information, and the expected net benefit of sampling for potential ancillary studies of an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT; NCT01057069). RESULTS The expected value of partial perfect information indicated that further research should be prioritized to the parameter group including "biomarkers' prevalence, positive predictive value (PPV), and treatment response rates (TRRs) in biomarker-negative patients and patients with TNBC" (€639 million), followed by utilities (€48 million), costs (€40 million), and transition probabilities (TPs) (€30 million). By setting up four ancillary studies to the ongoing RCT, data on 1) TP and MLPA prevalence, PPV, and TRR; 2) aCGH and aCGH/MLPA plus XIST and 53BP1 prevalence, PPV, and TRR; 3) utilities; and 4) costs could be simultaneously collected (optimal size = 3000). CONCLUSIONS Further research on predictive biomarkers for HDAC should focus on gathering data on TPs, prevalence, PPV, TRRs, utilities, and costs from the four ancillary studies to the ongoing RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Miquel-Cases
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valesca P Retèl
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H van Harten
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Health Technology and Services Research, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Lotte M G Steuten
- Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Cai SY, Tang ZZ, Zeng M, Wang XJ, Lou JY, Liu C, Chen J. [Employing DNA Damage Response Inhibitors to Enhance Chemosensitivity of Ovarian Carcinoma Cells]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2016; 47:316-336. [PMID: 27468472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the sensitisation effects of DDR inhibitors combined with conventional chemotherapeutics agents (cisplatin et al) in a drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell line(OVCAR-8). METHODS Inhibitors of DDR regulators with cisplatin were applied to challenge OVCAR-8, and evaluated the DNA damage response (DDR) and cytotoxic effects of different combination of chemicals. Inhibition of proliferation to OVCAR-8 of different drugs was evaluated by MTT assay. The activation of phosphorylation of histone family 2A variant (yH2AX) and p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) in OVCAR-8 were evaluated by immunofluorescence to observe their ability of recruitment and forming foci at DNA damage site. RESULTS We observed that combined treatment of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/ATM and Rad 3-related (ATR) inhibitor and cisplatin can suppress the activation of damage repair mechanisms and weakened the proliferative activity of OVCAR-8 cells (P<0. 01) ; ATR pathway was suppressed and the signal of γH2AX weakened and cell survival rate significantly reduced when combination therapy of HU and Wortmannin (P < 0.05); poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor could not enhance chemosensitivity in OVCAR-8 cells when combined with cisplatin (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION We substantiated that appropriate inhibitors of DNA damage response may have a potential to improve the anti-tumor effect of conventional chemotherapy drugs and prevent drug resistances.
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10
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Kubben N, Brimacombe KR, Donegan M, Li Z, Misteli T. A high-content imaging-based screening pipeline for the systematic identification of anti-progeroid compounds. Methods 2016; 96:46-58. [PMID: 26341717 PMCID: PMC6317068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is an early onset lethal premature aging disorder caused by constitutive production of progerin, a mutant form of the nuclear architectural protein lamin A. The presence of progerin causes extensive morphological, epigenetic and DNA damage related nuclear defects that ultimately disrupt tissue and organismal functions. Hypothesis-driven approaches focused on HGPS affected pathways have been used in attempts to identify druggable targets with anti-progeroid effects. Here, we report an unbiased discovery approach to HGPS by implementation of a high-throughput, high-content imaging based screening method that enables systematic identification of small molecules that prevent the formation of multiple progerin-induced aging defects. Screening a library of 2816 FDA approved drugs, we identified retinoids as a novel class of compounds that reverses aging defects in HGPS patient skin fibroblasts. These findings establish a novel approach to anti-progeroid drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nard Kubben
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyle R Brimacombe
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Megan Donegan
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhuyin Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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11
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Zimmer J, Tacconi EMC, Folio C, Badie S, Porru M, Klare K, Tumiati M, Markkanen E, Halder S, Ryan A, Jackson SP, Ramadan K, Kuznetsov SG, Biroccio A, Sale JE, Tarsounas M. Targeting BRCA1 and BRCA2 Deficiencies with G-Quadruplex-Interacting Compounds. Mol Cell 2016; 61:449-460. [PMID: 26748828 PMCID: PMC4747901 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4)-forming genomic sequences, including telomeres, represent natural replication fork barriers. Stalled replication forks can be stabilized and restarted by homologous recombination (HR), which also repairs DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) arising at collapsed forks. We have previously shown that HR facilitates telomere replication. Here, we demonstrate that the replication efficiency of guanine-rich (G-rich) telomeric repeats is decreased significantly in cells lacking HR. Treatment with the G4-stabilizing compound pyridostatin (PDS) increases telomere fragility in BRCA2-deficient cells, suggesting that G4 formation drives telomere instability. Remarkably, PDS reduces proliferation of HR-defective cells by inducing DSB accumulation, checkpoint activation, and deregulated G2/M progression and by enhancing the replication defect intrinsic to HR deficiency. PDS toxicity extends to HR-defective cells that have acquired olaparib resistance through loss of 53BP1 or REV7. Altogether, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of G4-stabilizing drugs to selectively eliminate HR-compromised cells and tumors, including those resistant to PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Zimmer
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Eliana M C Tacconi
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Cecilia Folio
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sophie Badie
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Manuela Porru
- Area of Translational Research, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Kerstin Klare
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Manuela Tumiati
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Enni Markkanen
- Biochemistry and Regulation of DNA Repair Group, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Swagata Halder
- DNA Damage and Repair Group, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Anderson Ryan
- Lung Cancer Translational Science Research Group, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- The Gurdon Institute, CRUK Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; The Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- DNA Damage and Repair Group, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sergey G Kuznetsov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Area of Translational Research, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Julian E Sale
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Madalena Tarsounas
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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12
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Rasche L, Heiserich L, Behrens JR, Lenz K, Pfuhl C, Wakonig K, Gieß RM, Freitag E, Eberle C, Wuerfel J, Dörr J, Bauer P, Bellmann-Strobl J, Paul F, Roggenbuck D, Ruprecht K. Analysis of Lymphocytic DNA Damage in Early Multiple Sclerosis by Automated Gamma-H2AX and 53BP1 Foci Detection: A Case Control Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147968. [PMID: 26820970 PMCID: PMC4731473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In response to DNA double-strand breaks, the histone protein H2AX becomes phosphorylated at its C-terminal serine 139 residue, referred to as γ-H2AX. Formation of γ-H2AX foci is associated with recruitment of p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1), a regulator of the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks. γ-H2AX expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was recently proposed as a diagnostic and disease activity marker for multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective To evaluate the significance of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci in PBMCs as diagnostic and disease activity markers in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and early relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) using automated γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci detection. Methods Immunocytochemistry was performed on freshly isolated PBMCs of patients with CIS/early RRMS (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 27) with γ-H2AX and 53BP1 specific antibodies. Nuclear γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci were determined using a fully automated reading system, assessing the numbers of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci per total number of cells and the percentage of cells with foci. Patients underwent contrast enhanced 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical examination including expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score. γ-H2AX and 53BP1 were also compared in previously frozen PBMCs of each 10 CIS/early RRMS patients with and without contrast enhancing lesions (CEL) and 10 healthy controls. Results The median (range) number of γ-H2AX (0.04 [0–0.5]) and 53BP1 (0.005 [0–0.2]) foci per cell in freshly isolated PBMCs across all study participants was low and similar to previously reported values of healthy individuals. For both, γ-H2AX and 53BP1, the cellular focus number as well as the percentage of positive cells did not differ between patients with CIS/RRMS and healthy controls. γ-H2AX and 53BP1 levels neither correlated with number nor volume of T2-weighted lesions on MRI, nor with the EDSS. Although γ-H2AX, but not 53BP1, levels were higher in previously frozen PBMCs of patients with than without CEL, γ-H2AX values of both groups overlapped and γ-H2AX did not correlate with the number or volume of CEL. Conclusion γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci do not seem to be promising diagnostic or disease activity biomarkers in patients with early MS. Lymphocytic DNA double-strand breaks are unlikely to play a major role in the pathophysiology of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Rasche
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Janina Ruth Behrens
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Lenz
- Department of Medical Biometrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherina Pfuhl
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Wakonig
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - René Markus Gieß
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Freitag
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jens Wuerfel
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- MIAC AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörr
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Judith Bellmann-Strobl
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Medipan GmbH, Berlin-Dahlewitz, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Klemens Ruprecht
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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13
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Wu Y, Lee SH, Williamson EA, Reinert BL, Cho JH, Xia F, Jaiswal AS, Srinivasan G, Patel B, Brantley A, Zhou D, Shao L, Pathak R, Hauer-Jensen M, Singh S, Kong K, Wu X, Kim HS, Beissbarth T, Gaedcke J, Burma S, Nickoloff JA, Hromas RA. EEPD1 Rescues Stressed Replication Forks and Maintains Genome Stability by Promoting End Resection and Homologous Recombination Repair. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005675. [PMID: 26684013 PMCID: PMC4684289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication fork stalling and collapse is a major source of genome instability leading to neoplastic transformation or cell death. Such stressed replication forks can be conservatively repaired and restarted using homologous recombination (HR) or non-conservatively repaired using micro-homology mediated end joining (MMEJ). HR repair of stressed forks is initiated by 5’ end resection near the fork junction, which permits 3’ single strand invasion of a homologous template for fork restart. This 5’ end resection also prevents classical non-homologous end-joining (cNHEJ), a competing pathway for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Unopposed NHEJ can cause genome instability during replication stress by abnormally fusing free double strand ends that occur as unstable replication fork repair intermediates. We show here that the previously uncharacterized Exonuclease/Endonuclease/Phosphatase Domain-1 (EEPD1) protein is required for initiating repair and restart of stalled forks. EEPD1 is recruited to stalled forks, enhances 5’ DNA end resection, and promotes restart of stalled forks. Interestingly, EEPD1 directs DSB repair away from cNHEJ, and also away from MMEJ, which requires limited end resection for initiation. EEPD1 is also required for proper ATR and CHK1 phosphorylation, and formation of gamma-H2AX, RAD51 and phospho-RPA32 foci. Consistent with a direct role in stalled replication fork cleavage, EEPD1 is a 5’ overhang nuclease in an obligate complex with the end resection nuclease Exo1 and BLM. EEPD1 depletion causes nuclear and cytogenetic defects, which are made worse by replication stress. Depleting 53BP1, which slows cNHEJ, fully rescues the nuclear and cytogenetic abnormalities seen with EEPD1 depletion. These data demonstrate that genome stability during replication stress is maintained by EEPD1, which initiates HR and inhibits cNHEJ and MMEJ. The cell itself damages its own DNA throughout the cell cycle as a result of oxidative metabolism, and this damage creates barriers for replication fork progression. Thus, DNA replication is not a smooth and continuous process, but rather one of stalls and restarts. Therefore, proper replication fork restart is crucial to maintain the integrity of the cell’s genome, and preventing its own death or immortalization. To restart after stalling, the replication fork subverts a DNA repair pathway termed homologous recombination. Using any other pathway for fork repair will result in an unstable genome. How the homologous recombination repair pathway is initiated at the replication fork is not well defined. In this study we demonstrate the previously uncharacterized EEPD1 protein is a novel gatekeeper for the initiation of this fork repair pathway. EEPD1 promotes 5’ end resection, the initial step of homologous recombination, which also prevents alternative fork repair pathways that lead to unstable chromosomes. Thus, EEPD1 protects the integrity of the cell genome by promoting the safe homologous recombination fork repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Wu
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Suk-Hee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Williamson
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brian L. Reinert
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ju Hwan Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Fen Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aruna Shanker Jaiswal
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gayathri Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bhavita Patel
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alexis Brantley
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Lijian Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Sudha Singh
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kimi Kong
- Department of Craniofacial Regeneration, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xaiohua Wu
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Hyun-Suk Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Timothy Beissbarth
- Department of Medical Statistics, and General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Department of Medical Statistics, and General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jac A. Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JAN); (RAH)
| | - Robert A. Hromas
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JAN); (RAH)
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14
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Ahmed EA, Scherthan H, de Rooij DG. DNA Double Strand Break Response and Limited Repair Capacity in Mouse Elongated Spermatids. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29923-35. [PMID: 26694360 PMCID: PMC4691157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatids are extremely sensitive to genotoxic exposures since during spermiogenesis only error-prone non homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair pathways are available. Hence, genomic damage may accumulate in sperm and be transmitted to the zygote. Indirect, delayed DNA fragmentation and lesions associated with apoptotic-like processes have been observed during spermatid elongation, 27 days after irradiation. The proliferating spermatogonia and early meiotic prophase cells have been suggested to retain a memory of a radiation insult leading later to this delayed fragmentation. Here, we used meiotic spread preparations to localize phosphorylate histone H2 variant (γ-H2AX) foci marking DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in elongated spermatids. This technique enabled us to determine the background level of DSB foci in elongated spermatids of RAD54/RAD54B double knockout (dko) mice, severe combined immunodeficiency SCID mice, and poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor (DPQ)-treated mice to compare them with the appropriate wild type controls. The repair kinetics data and the protein expression patterns observed indicate that the conventional NHEJ repair pathway is not available for elongated spermatids to repair the programmed and the IR-induced DSBs, reflecting the limited repair capacity of these cells. However, although elongated spermatids express the proteins of the alternative NHEJ, PARP1-inhibition had no effect on the repair kinetics after IR, suggesting that DNA damage may be passed onto sperm. Finally, our genetic mutant analysis suggests that an incomplete or defective meiotic recombinational repair of Spo11-induced DSBs may lead to a carry-over of the DSB damage or induce a delayed nuclear fragmentation during the sensitive programmed chromatin remodeling occurring in elongated spermatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A Ahmed
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Institute für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der University, Ulm, Neuherbergstr, 11, Munich D-80937, Germany.
| | - Dirk G de Rooij
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CM, The Netherlands.
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15
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Baldock RA, Day M, Wilkinson OJ, Cloney R, Jeggo PA, Oliver AW, Watts FZ, Pearl LH. ATM Localization and Heterochromatin Repair Depend on Direct Interaction of the 53BP1-BRCT2 Domain with γH2AX. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2081-9. [PMID: 26628370 PMCID: PMC4688034 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
53BP1 plays multiple roles in mammalian DNA damage repair, mediating pathway choice and facilitating DNA double-strand break repair in heterochromatin. Although it possesses a C-terminal BRCT2 domain, commonly involved in phospho-peptide binding in other proteins, initial recruitment of 53BP1 to sites of DNA damage depends on interaction with histone post-translational modifications--H4K20me2 and H2AK13/K15ub--downstream of the early γH2AX phosphorylation mark of DNA damage. We now show that, contrary to current models, the 53BP1-BRCT2 domain binds γH2AX directly, providing a third post-translational mark regulating 53BP1 function. We find that the interaction of 53BP1 with γH2AX is required for sustaining the 53BP1-dependent focal concentration of activated ATM that facilitates repair of DNA double-strand breaks in heterochromatin in G1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Baldock
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Matthew Day
- Cancer Research UK DNA Repair Enzymes Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Oliver J Wilkinson
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Ross Cloney
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Penelope A Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Antony W Oliver
- Cancer Research UK DNA Repair Enzymes Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Felicity Z Watts
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK.
| | - Laurence H Pearl
- Cancer Research UK DNA Repair Enzymes Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK.
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16
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Djuzenova CS, Zimmermann M, Katzer A, Fiedler V, Distel LV, Gasser M, Waaga-Gasser AM, Flentje M, Polat B. A prospective study on histone γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci expression in rectal carcinoma patients: correlation with radiation therapy-induced outcome. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:856. [PMID: 26541290 PMCID: PMC4635621 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of histone γ-H2AX and 53BP1 proteins to predict the radiotherapy (RT) outcome of patients with rectal carcinoma (RC) was evaluated in a prospective study. High expression of the constitutive histone γ-H2AX is indicative of defective DNA repair pathway and/or genomic instability, whereas 53BP1 (p53-binding protein 1) is a conserved checkpoint protein with properties of a DNA double-strand breaks sensor. METHODS Using fluorescence microscopy, we assessed spontaneous and radiation-induced foci of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from unselected RC patients (n = 53) undergoing neoadjuvant chemo- and RT. Cells from apparently healthy donors (n = 12) served as references. RESULTS The γ-H2AX assay of in vitro irradiated lymphocytes revealed significantly higher degree of DNA damage in the group of unselected RC patients with respect to the background, initial (0.5 Gy, 30 min) and residual (0.5 Gy and 2 Gy, 24 h post-radiation) damage compared to the control group. Likewise, the numbers of 53BP1 foci analyzed in the samples from 46 RC patients were significantly higher than in controls except for the background DNA damage. However, both markers were not able to predict tumor stage, gastrointestinal toxicity or tumor regression after curative RT. Interestingly, the mean baseline and induced DNA damage was found to be lower in the group of RC patients with tumor stage IV (n = 7) as compared with the stage III (n = 35). The difference, however, did not reach statistical significance, apparently, because of the limited number of patients. CONCLUSIONS The study shows higher expression of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci in rectal cancer patients compared with healthy individuals. Yet the data in vitro were not predictive in regard to the radiotherapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cholpon S Djuzenova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Marcus Zimmermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Astrid Katzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Fiedler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Luitpold V Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Martin Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.
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17
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Weaver AN, Cooper TS, Rodriguez M, Trummell HQ, Bonner JA, Rosenthal EL, Yang ES. DNA double strand break repair defect and sensitivity to poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition in human papillomavirus 16-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:26995-7007. [PMID: 26336991 PMCID: PMC4694969 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) have increased response to radio- and chemotherapy and improved overall survival, possibly due to an impaired DNA damage response. Here, we investigated the correlation between HPV status and repair of DNA damage in HNSCC cell lines. We also assessed in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor veliparib (ABT-888) in HNSCC cell lines and an HPV+ patient xenograft. Repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) was significantly delayed in HPV+ compared to HPV- HNSCCs, resulting in persistence of γH2AX foci. Although DNA repair activators 53BP1 and BRCA1 were functional in all HNSCCs, HPV+ cells showed downstream defects in both non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination repair. Specifically, HPV+ cells were deficient in protein recruitment and protein expression of DNA-Pk and BRCA2, key factors for non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination respectively. Importantly, the apparent DNA repair defect in HPV+ HNSCCs was associated with increased sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor veliparib, resulting in decreased cell survival in vitro and a 10-14 day tumor growth delay in vivo. These results support the testing of PARP inhibition in combination with DNA damaging agents as a novel therapeutic strategy for HPV+ HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice N. Weaver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Tiffiny S. Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Marcela Rodriguez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Hoa Q. Trummell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - James A. Bonner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Eben L. Rosenthal
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Eddy S. Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
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18
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Chaudhary P, Marshall TI, Currell FJ, Kacperek A, Schettino G, Prise KM. Variations in the Processing of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Along 60-MeV Therapeutic Proton Beams. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 95:86-94. [PMID: 26452569 PMCID: PMC4840231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the variations in induction and repair of DNA damage along the proton path, after a previous report on the increasing biological effectiveness along clinically modulated 60-MeV proton beams. Methods and Materials Human skin fibroblast (AG01522) cells were irradiated along a monoenergetic and a modulated spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) proton beam used for treating ocular melanoma at the Douglas Cyclotron, Clatterbridge Centre for Oncology, Wirral, Liverpool, United Kingdom. The DNA damage response was studied using the 53BP1 foci formation assay. The linear energy transfer (LET) dependence was studied by irradiating the cells at depths corresponding to entrance, proximal, middle, and distal positions of SOBP and the entrance and peak position for the pristine beam. Results A significant amount of persistent foci was observed at the distal end of the SOBP, suggesting complex residual DNA double-strand break damage induction corresponding to the highest LET values achievable by modulated proton beams. Unlike the directly irradiated, medium-sharing bystander cells did not show any significant increase in residual foci. Conclusions The DNA damage response along the proton beam path was similar to the response of X rays, confirming the low-LET quality of the proton exposure. However, at the distal end of SOBP our data indicate an increased complexity of DNA lesions and slower repair kinetics. A lack of significant induction of 53BP1 foci in the bystander cells suggests a minor role of cell signaling for DNA damage under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chaudhary
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas I Marshall
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick J Currell
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Andrzej Kacperek
- Douglas Cyclotron, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Bebbington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kevin M Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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19
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Yi YW, Park JS, Kwak SJ, Seong YS. Co-treatment with BEZ235 Enhances Sensitivity of BRCA1-negative Breast Cancer Cells to Olaparib. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:3829-3838. [PMID: 26124328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, olaparib has been reported as having preferential anti-proliferative effects on breast cancer 1 (BRCA1)-deficient breast and ovarian cancer cells and was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for advanced, BRCA1-mutated ovarian cancer. Herein, we show that BEZ235, a protein kinase inhibitor, enhanced the tumor cell-killing effect of olaparib in BRCA1-mutated breast cancer cells in vitro. BEZ235 reduced olaparib-induced phosphorylation of p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) and 53BP1 foci formation, as well as phosphorylation of AKT (S473). Long-term colony-formation assay revealed more strong synergistic effects of this combination in SUM149PT and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines. BEZ235 treatment combined with olaparib may be a candidate for effective therapeutic treatment of BRCA1-mutated breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, U.S.A. Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sahng-June Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, U.S.A. Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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20
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Georgescu W, Osseiran A, Rojec M, Liu Y, Bombrun M, Tang J, Costes SV. Characterizing the DNA Damage Response by Cell Tracking Algorithms and Cell Features Classification Using High-Content Time-Lapse Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129438. [PMID: 26107175 PMCID: PMC4479605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, the kinetics of DNA repair have been estimated using immunocytochemistry by labeling proteins involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) with fluorescent markers in a fixed cell assay. However, detailed knowledge of DDR dynamics across multiple cell generations cannot be obtained using a limited number of fixed cell time-points. Here we report on the dynamics of 53BP1 radiation induced foci (RIF) across multiple cell generations using live cell imaging of non-malignant human mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) expressing histone H2B-GFP and the DNA repair protein 53BP1-mCherry. Using automatic extraction of RIF imaging features and linear programming techniques, we were able to characterize detailed RIF kinetics for 24 hours before and 24 hours after exposure to low and high doses of ionizing radiation. High-content-analysis at the single cell level over hundreds of cells allows us to quantify precisely the dose dependence of 53BP1 protein production, RIF nuclear localization and RIF movement after exposure to X-ray. Using elastic registration techniques based on the nuclear pattern of individual cells, we could describe the motion of individual RIF precisely within the nucleus. We show that DNA repair occurs in a limited number of large domains, within which multiple small RIFs form, merge and/or resolve with random motion following normal diffusion law. Large foci formation is shown to be mainly happening through the merging of smaller RIF rather than through growth of an individual focus. We estimate repair domain sizes of 7.5 to 11 µm2 with a maximum number of ~15 domains per MCF10A cell. This work also highlights DDR which are specific to doses larger than 1 Gy such as rapid 53BP1 protein increase in the nucleus and foci diffusion rates that are significantly faster than for spontaneous foci movement. We hypothesize that RIF merging reflects a "stressed" DNA repair process that has been taken outside physiological conditions when too many DSB occur at once. High doses of ionizing radiation lead to RIF merging into repair domains which in turn increases DSB proximity and misrepair. Such finding may therefore be critical to explain the supralinear dose dependence for chromosomal rearrangement and cell death measured after exposure to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Georgescu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Alma Osseiran
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Maria Rojec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Yueyong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, United States of America
| | | | - Jonathan Tang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Sylvain V. Costes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
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21
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Typas D, Luijsterburg MS, Wiegant WW, Diakatou M, Helfricht A, Thijssen PE, van den Broek B, Mullenders LH, van Attikum H. The de-ubiquitylating enzymes USP26 and USP37 regulate homologous recombination by counteracting RAP80. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:6919-33. [PMID: 26101254 PMCID: PMC4538816 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The faithful repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is essential to safeguard genome stability. DSBs elicit a signaling cascade involving the E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF8/RNF168 and the ubiquitin-dependent assembly of the BRCA1-Abraxas-RAP80-MERIT40 complex. The association of BRCA1 with ubiquitin conjugates through RAP80 is known to be inhibitory to DSB repair by homologous recombination (HR). However, the precise regulation of this mechanism remains poorly understood. Through genetic screens we identified USP26 and USP37 as key de-ubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) that limit the repressive impact of RNF8/RNF168 on HR. Both DUBs are recruited to DSBs where they actively remove RNF168-induced ubiquitin conjugates. Depletion of USP26 or USP37 disrupts the execution of HR and this effect is alleviated by the simultaneous depletion of RAP80. We demonstrate that USP26 and USP37 prevent excessive spreading of RAP80-BRCA1 from DSBs. On the other hand, we also found that USP26 and USP37 promote the efficient association of BRCA1 with PALB2. This suggests that these DUBs limit the ubiquitin-dependent sequestration of BRCA1 via the BRCA1-Abraxas-RAP80-MERIT40 complex, while promoting complex formation and cooperation of BRCA1 with PALB2-BRCA2-RAD51 during HR. These findings reveal a novel ubiquitin-dependent mechanism that regulates distinct BRCA1-containing complexes for efficient repair of DSBs by HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Typas
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter W Wiegant
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michaela Diakatou
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Helfricht
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter E Thijssen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van den Broek
- Biophysics of Cell Signaling, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leon H Mullenders
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Gorska M, Kuban-Jankowska A, Zmijewski M, Gammazza AM, Cappello F, Wnuk M, Gorzynik M, Rzeszutek I, Daca A, Lewinska A, Wozniak M. DNA strand breaks induced by nuclear hijacking of neuronal NOS as an anti-cancer effect of 2-methoxyestradiol. Oncotarget 2015; 6:15449-63. [PMID: 25972363 PMCID: PMC4558163 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is a physiological metabolite of 17β-estradiol. At pharmacological concentrations, 2-ME inhibits colon, breast and lung cancer in tumor models. Here we investigated the effect of physiologically relevant concentrations of 2-ME in osteosarcoma cell model. We demonstrated that 2-ME increased nuclear localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, resulting in nitro-oxidative DNA damage. This in turn caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. We suggest that 2-ME is a naturally occurring hormone with potential anti-cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gorska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Michal Zmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy “Emerico Luna”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy “Emerico Luna”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Monika Gorzynik
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Rzeszutek
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Michal Wozniak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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23
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Bi J, Huang A, Liu T, Zhang T, Ma H. Expression of DNA damage checkpoint 53BP1 is correlated with prognosis, cell proliferation and apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:6070-6082. [PMID: 26261485 PMCID: PMC4525819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
53BP1, an important mediator of DNA damage checkpoint, plays an essential role in maintaining the cell genome stability, and the aberrant expression of 53BP1 was found to contribute to tumor occurrence and development. In this study, we explored the clinical significance of 53BP1 expression in colorectal cancer and investigated the effects of 53BP1 expression on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis and its possible mechanisms. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect the expression of 53BP1 in 95 cases of tumor tissues. After establishment of shRNA-mediated knockdown stable HCT-116 cell lines, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected by MTT and flow cytometry, and expression of up-and down-steam related proteins as γ-H2AX, CHK2 and P53 were tested by Western blot. 53BP1 intensity was found to be associated with tumor location (P < 0.05), and the low expression of 53BP1 revealed decreased survival time compared with high expression in subgroups as male, tumor size > 5 cm, tumor located at right side, T stage as T3-T4, N0, clinical stage as I-II (P < 0.05). In vitro, shRNA-mediated loss of 53BP1 obviously inhibited HCT-116 tumor cell apoptosis, promoted cell proliferation and increased accumulation of cells in S phase. Meanwhile, the expression of γ-H2AX, CHK2 and P53 was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest 53BP1 may serve as a candidate biomarker for predicting prognosis and disease development in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Bi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer HospitalWuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Ai Huang
- Cancer Center of Wuhan Union Hospital, Tong Ji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Cancer Center of Wuhan Union Hospital, Tong Ji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center of Wuhan Union Hospital, Tong Ji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Cancer Center of Wuhan Union Hospital, Tong Ji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
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24
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Somsedikova A, Markova E, Kolenova A, Puskacova J, Kubes M, Belyaev I. Constitutive 53BP1/γH2AX foci are increased in cells of ALL patients dependent on BCR-ABL and TEL-AML1 preleukemic gene fusions. Neoplasma 2015; 61:617-25. [PMID: 25244981 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2014_076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Childhood leukemia arises from hematopoietic stem cells by induction of mutations. Quite often chromosomal translocations arise prenatally as first key event in multistage process of leukemogenesis. These translocations result in so called preleukemic gene fusions (PGFs), such as BCR-ABL and TEL-AML1, which generate hybrid proteins with altered properties. Critical DNA damage resulting in translocations are DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). BCR-ABL and TEL-AML1 were shown to be associated with increased constitutive DSBs in various model systems. We analyzed cells from peripheral blood and CD34-/CD34+ cells from bone marrow of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients harboring BCR-ABL or TEL-AML1. We used sensitive technique that is based on automated enumeration of DSB co-localizing proteins γH2AX and 53BP1, which form so called DNA repair foci. We found that level of constitutive γH2AX/53BP1 foci is significantly higher in cells of ALL pediatric patients than in healthy subjects. There was also significant increased level of constitutive γH2AX/53BP1 foci in cells from ALL patients harboring BCR-ABL or TEL-AML1 compared to patients without PGFs. The same increase was observed regardless cell type for both PGFs. Our data on increased DSB levels in the BCR-ABL/TEL-AML1 patient's cells support a model where BCR-ABL/TEL-AML1 induces DNA instability through facilitating mutagenesis and appearance of additional genetic alterations driving leukemogenesis.
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25
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Xu G, Chapman JR, Brandsma I, Yuan J, Mistrik M, Bouwman P, Bartkova J, Gogola E, Warmerdam D, Barazas M, Jaspers JE, Watanabe K, Pieterse M, Kersbergen A, Sol W, Celie PHN, Schouten PC, van den Broek B, Salman A, Nieuwland M, de Rink I, de Ronde J, Jalink K, Boulton SJ, Chen J, van Gent DC, Bartek J, Jonkers J, Borst P, Rottenberg S. REV7 counteracts DNA double-strand break resection and affects PARP inhibition. Nature 2015; 521:541-544. [PMID: 25799992 PMCID: PMC4671316 DOI: 10.1038/nature14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is achieved by homologous recombination (HR), and BRCA1 is an important factor for this repair pathway. In the absence of BRCA1-mediated HR, the administration of PARP inhibitors induces synthetic lethality of tumour cells of patients with breast or ovarian cancers. Despite the benefit of this tailored therapy, drug resistance can occur by HR restoration. Genetic reversion of BRCA1-inactivating mutations can be the underlying mechanism of drug resistance, but this does not explain resistance in all cases. In particular, little is known about BRCA1-independent restoration of HR. Here we show that loss of REV7 (also known as MAD2L2) in mouse and human cell lines re-establishes CTIP-dependent end resection of DSBs in BRCA1-deficient cells, leading to HR restoration and PARP inhibitor resistance, which is reversed by ATM kinase inhibition. REV7 is recruited to DSBs in a manner dependent on the H2AX-MDC1-RNF8-RNF168-53BP1 chromatin pathway, and seems to block HR and promote end joining in addition to its regulatory role in DNA damage tolerance. Finally, we establish that REV7 blocks DSB resection to promote non-homologous end-joining during immunoglobulin class switch recombination. Our results reveal an unexpected crucial function of REV7 downstream of 53BP1 in coordinating pathological DSB repair pathway choices in BRCA1-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotai Xu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Ross Chapman
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Inger Brandsma
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jingsong Yuan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Martin Mistrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël Warmerdam
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Barazas
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke E Jaspers
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Pieterse
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ariena Kersbergen
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Sol
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick H N Celie
- Protein Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip C Schouten
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van den Broek
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Salman
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Marja Nieuwland
- Deep Sequencing Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris de Rink
- Deep Sequencing Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorma de Ronde
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Jalink
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J Boulton
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Clare Hall, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dik C van Gent
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Borst
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laengassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Mohni KN, Thompson PS, Luzwick JW, Glick GG, Pendleton CS, Lehmann BD, Pietenpol JA, Cortez D. A Synthetic Lethal Screen Identifies DNA Repair Pathways that Sensitize Cancer Cells to Combined ATR Inhibition and Cisplatin Treatments. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125482. [PMID: 25965342 PMCID: PMC4428765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response kinase ATR may be a useful cancer therapeutic target. ATR inhibition synergizes with loss of ERCC1, ATM, XRCC1 and DNA damaging chemotherapy agents. Clinical trials have begun using ATR inhibitors in combination with cisplatin. Here we report the first synthetic lethality screen with a combination treatment of an ATR inhibitor (ATRi) and cisplatin. Combination treatment with ATRi/cisplatin is synthetically lethal with loss of the TLS polymerase ζ and 53BP1. Other DNA repair pathways including homologous recombination and mismatch repair do not exhibit synthetic lethal interactions with ATRi/cisplatin, even though loss of some of these repair pathways sensitizes cells to cisplatin as a single-agent. We also report that ATRi strongly synergizes with PARP inhibition, even in homologous recombination-proficient backgrounds. Lastly, ATR inhibitors were able to resensitize cisplatin-resistant cell lines to cisplatin. These data provide a comprehensive analysis of DNA repair pathways that exhibit synthetic lethality with ATR inhibitors when combined with cisplatin chemotherapy, and will help guide patient selection strategies as ATR inhibitors progress into the cancer clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem N. Mohni
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Petria S. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jessica W. Luzwick
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gloria G. Glick
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Christopher S. Pendleton
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Lehmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Pietenpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David Cortez
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in cells can undergo nucleolytic degradation to generate long 3' single-stranded DNA tails. This process is termed DNA end resection, and its occurrence effectively commits to break repair via homologous recombination, which entails the acquisition of genetic information from an intact, homologous donor DNA sequence. Recent advances, prompted by the identification of the nucleases that catalyze resection, have revealed intricate layers of functional redundancy, interconnectedness, and regulation. Here, we review the current state of the field with an emphasis on the major questions that remain to be answered. Topics addressed will include how resection initiates via the introduction of an endonucleolytic incision close to the break end, the molecular mechanism of the conserved MRE11 complex in conjunction with Sae2/CtIP within such a model, the role of BRCA1 and 53BP1 in regulating resection initiation in mammalian cells, the influence of chromatin in the resection process, and potential roles of novel factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Daley
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Hengyao Niu
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Adam S Miller
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Eberlein U, Peper M, Fernández M, Lassmann M, Scherthan H. Calibration of the γ-H2AX DNA double strand break focus assay for internal radiation exposure of blood lymphocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123174. [PMID: 25853575 PMCID: PMC4390303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand break (DSB) formation induced by ionizing radiation exposure is indicated by the DSB biomarkers γ-H2AX and 53BP1. Knowledge about DSB foci formation in-vitro after internal irradiation of whole blood samples with radionuclides in solution will help us to gain detailed insights about dose-response relationships in patients after molecular radiotherapy (MRT). Therefore, we studied the induction of radiation-induced co-localizing γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci as surrogate markers for DSBs in-vitro, and correlated the obtained foci per cell values with the in-vitro absorbed doses to the blood for the two most frequently used radionuclides in MRT (I-131 and Lu-177). This approach led to an in-vitro calibration curve. Overall, 55 blood samples of three healthy volunteers were analyzed. For each experiment several vials containing a mixture of whole blood and radioactive solutions with different concentrations of isotonic NaCl-diluted radionuclides with known activities were prepared. Leukocytes were recovered by density centrifugation after incubation and constant blending for 1 h at 37°C. After ethanol fixation they were subjected to two-color immunofluorescence staining and the average frequencies of the co-localizing γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci/nucleus were determined using a fluorescence microscope equipped with a red/green double band pass filter. The exact activity was determined in parallel in each blood sample by calibrated germanium detector measurements. The absorbed dose rates to the blood per nuclear disintegrations occurring in 1 ml of blood were calculated for both isotopes by a Monte Carlo simulation. The measured blood doses in our samples ranged from 6 to 95 mGy. A linear relationship was found between the number of DSB-marking foci/nucleus and the absorbed dose to the blood for both radionuclides studied. There were only minor nuclide-specific intra- and inter-subject deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Eberlein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michel Peper
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Fernández
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lassmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
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Cairns J, Peng Y, Yee VC, Lou Z, Wang L. Bora downregulation results in radioresistance by promoting repair of double strand breaks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119208. [PMID: 25742493 PMCID: PMC4351037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Following DNA double-strand breaks cells activate several DNA-damage response protein kinases, which then trigger histone H2AX phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, p53-binding protein 1, and breast cancer gene 1 at the damage site to promote DNA double-strand breaks repair. We identified a novel biomarker, Bora (previously called C13orf34), that is associated with radiosensitivity. In the current study, we set out to investigate how Bora might be involved in response to irradiation. We found a novel function of Bora in DNA damage repair response. Bora down-regulation increased colony formation in cells exposed to irradiation. This increased resistance to irradiation in Bora-deficient cells is likely due to a faster rate of double-strand breaks repair. After irradiation, Bora-knockdown cells displayed increased G2-M cell cycle arrest and increased Chk2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, Bora specifically interacted with the tandem breast cancer gene 1 C-terminal domain of MDC1 in a phosphorylation dependent manner, and overexpression of Bora could abolish irradiation induced MDC1 foci formation. In summary, Bora may play a significant role in radiosensitivity through the regulation of MDC1 and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Cairns
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, United States of America
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States of America
| | - Vivien C. Yee
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States of America
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology and Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, United States of America
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Seki K, Kinashi Y, Takahashi S. Influence of p53 status on the effects of boron neutron capture therapy in glioblastoma. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:169-174. [PMID: 25550548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The tumor suppressor gene p53 is mutated in glioblastoma. We studied the relationship between the p53 gene and the biological effects of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The human glioblastoma cells; A172, expressing wild-type p53, and T98G, with mutant p53, were irradiated by the Kyoto University Research Reactor (KUR). The biological effects after neutron irradiation were evaluated by the cell killing effect, 53BP1 foci assay and apoptosis induction. RESULTS The survival-fraction data revealed that A172 was more radiosensitive than T98G, but the difference was reduced when boronophenylalanine (BPA) was present. Both cell lines exhibited similar numbers of foci, suggesting that the initial levels of DNA damage did not depend on p53 function. Detection of apoptosis revealed a lower rate of apoptosis in the T98G. CONCLUSION BNCT causes cell death in glioblastoma cells, regardless of p53 mutation status. In T98G cells, cell killing and apoptosis occurred effectively following BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Seki
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Sennann-gun, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Kinashi
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Sennann-gun, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sentaro Takahashi
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Sennann-gun, Osaka, Japan
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Benada J, Burdová K, Lidak T, von Morgen P, Macurek L. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibits DNA damage response during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:219-31. [PMID: 25607646 PMCID: PMC4613155 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.977067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to genotoxic stress, cells protect their genome integrity by activation of a conserved DNA damage response (DDR) pathway that coordinates DNA repair and progression through the cell cycle. Extensive modification of the chromatin flanking the DNA lesion by ATM kinase and RNF8/RNF168 ubiquitin ligases enables recruitment of various repair factors. Among them BRCA1 and 53BP1 are required for homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining, respectively. Whereas mechanisms of DDR are relatively well understood in interphase cells, comparatively less is known about organization of DDR during mitosis. Although ATM can be activated in mitotic cells, 53BP1 is not recruited to the chromatin until cells exit mitosis. Here we report mitotic phosphorylation of 53BP1 by Plk1 and Cdk1 that impairs the ability of 53BP1 to bind the ubiquitinated H2A and to properly localize to the sites of DNA damage. Phosphorylation of 53BP1 at S1618 occurs at kinetochores and in cytosol and is restricted to mitotic cells. Interaction between 53BP1 and Plk1 depends on the activity of Cdk1. We propose that activity of Cdk1 and Plk1 allows spatiotemporally controlled suppression of 53BP1 function during mitosis.
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Key Words
- 53BP1
- 53BP1, p53 binding protein 1
- ATM, ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase
- BRCA1, breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein
- Cdk, cyclin dependent kinase
- DDR, DNA damage response
- DNA damage response
- H2AX, histone variant H2AX
- IR – ionizing radiation
- MDC1, mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1
- NCS – neocarzinostatin
- NZ – nocodazole
- PTIP, PAX transactivation activation domain-interacting protein
- Plk1, Polo-like kinase 1
- Polo like kinase 1
- RIF1, Rap1-interacting factor 1 homolog
- RNAi, RNA interference
- RNF168, RING finger protein 168
- RNF8, RING finger protein 8
- mitosis
- phosphorylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Benada
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Burdová
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Lidak
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick von Morgen
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Macurek
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
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32
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Legartová S, Sbardella G, Kozubek S, Bártová E. Ellagic Acid-Changed Epigenome of Ribosomal Genes and Condensed RPA194-Positive Regions of Nucleoli in Tumour Cells. Folia Biol (Praha) 2015; 61:49-59. [PMID: 26333121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of ellagic acid (EA) on the morphology of nucleoli and on the pattern of major proteins of the nucleolus. After EA treatment of HeLa cells, we observed condensation of nucleoli as documented by the pattern of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs). EA also induced condensation of RPA194-positive nucleolar regions, but no morphological changes were observed in nucleolar compartments positive for UBF1/2 proteins or fibrillarin. Studied morphological changes induced by EA were compared with the morphology of control, non-treated cells and with pronounced condensation of all nucleolar domains caused by actinomycin D (ACT-D) treatment. Similarly as ACT-D, but in a lesser extent, EA induced an increased number of 53BP1-positive DNA lesions. However, the main marker of DNA lesions, γH2AX, was not accumulated in body-like nuclear structures. An increased level of γH2AX was found by immunofluorescence and Western blots only after EA treatment. Intriguingly, the levels of fibrillarin, UBF1/2 and γH2AX were increased at the promoters of ribosomal genes, while 53BP1 and CARM1 levels were decreased by EA treatment at these genomic regions. In the entire genome, EA reduced H3R17 dimethylation. Taken together, ellagic acid is capable of significantly changing the nucleolar morphology and protein levels inside the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Legartová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - G Sbardella
- Epigenetic MedChem Lab, Università di Salerno Dipartimento di Farmacia, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - S Kozubek
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - E Bártová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
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Wang ZQ, Johnson CL, Kumar A, Molkentine DP, Molkentine JM, Rabin T, Mason KA, Milas L, Raju U. Inhibition of P-TEFb by DRB suppresses SIRT1/CK2α pathway and enhances radiosensitivity of human cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:6981-6989. [PMID: 25503124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive transcription elongation factor-b (P-TEFb) is a complex containing CDK9 and a cyclin (T1, T2 or K). The effect of inhibition of P-TEFb by 5,6-dichloro-l-β-D-ribofuranosyl benzimidazole (DRB) on cell radiosensitivity and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six human cancer cell lines were subjected to (3)H-uridine incorporation, cell viability and clonogenic cell survival assays; cell-cycle redistribution and apoptosis assay; western blots and nuclear 53BP1 foci analysis after exposing the cells to DRB with/without γ-radiation. RESULTS DRB suppressed colony formation and enhanced radiosensitivity of all cell lines. DRB caused a further increase in radiation-induced apoptosis and cell-cycle redistribution depending on p53 status. DRB prolonged the presence of radiation-induced nuclear p53 binding protein-1 (53BP1) foci and suppressed the expression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and casein kinase 2-alpha (CK2α), suggesting an inhibition of DNA repair processes. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that DRB has the potential to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy and warrants further investigation using in vivo tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Casey L Johnson
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - David P Molkentine
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Jessica M Molkentine
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Tatiana Rabin
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Kathryn A Mason
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Luka Milas
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Uma Raju
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, U.S.A.
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Davalos AR, Kaminker P, Hansen RK, Campisi J. ATR and ATM-Dependent Movement of BLM Helicase during Replication Stress Ensures Optimal ATM Activation and 53BP1 Focus Formation. Cell Cycle 2014; 3:1579-86. [PMID: 15539948 DOI: 10.4161/cc.3.12.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The BLM helicase, a deficiency that markedly increases cancer incidence in humans, is required for optimal repair during DNA replication. We show that BLM rapidly moves from PML nuclear bodies to damaged replication forks, returning to PML bodies several hours later, owing to activities of the DNA damage response kinases ATR and ATM, respectively. Immunofluorescence and cellular fractionation demonstrate that BLM partitions to different sub-cellular compartments after replication stress. Unexpectedly, fibroblasts lacking BLM were deficient in phospho-ATM (S-1981) and 53-binding protein-1 (53BP1), and these proteins failed to form foci following replication stress. Expression of a dominant p53 mutant or helicase-deficient BLM restored replication stress-induced 53BP1 foci, but only mutant p53 restored optimal ATM activation. Thus, optimal repair of damaged replication fork lesions likely requires both ATR and ATM. BLM recruits 53BP1 to these lesions independent of its helicase activity, and optimal activation of ATM requires both p53 and BLM helicase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert R Davalos
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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35
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Gonzalo S. Novel roles of 1α,25(OH)2D3 on DNA repair provide new strategies for breast cancer treatment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt A:59-64. [PMID: 24080249 PMCID: PMC3968232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancers classified as triple-negative (TNBC) and BRCA1-deficient, are particularly aggressive and difficult to treat. A major breakthrough was the finding that these tumors are exquisitely sensitive to inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPi). Phase II clinical trials have shown encouraging outcomes, with tolerable side effects. However, a significant fraction of these cancers acquire resistance. Elegant studies demonstrated that loss of the DNA repair protein 53BP1 contributes to the resistance of BRCA1-deficient cells and tumors to PARPi. Thus, raising the levels of 53BP1 in these aggressive tumors could potentially restore their sensitivity to PARPi and other genotoxic agents. We will review here our studies revealing that 1α,25(OH)2D3, an active form of vitamin D, stabilizes 53BP1 levels in tumor cells. Breast tumor cells that become BRCA1-deficient activate cathepsin L-mediated degradation of 53BP1 to ensure genome stability and proliferation. Importantly, 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment restores the levels of 53BP1 as efficiently as cathepsin L inhibitors, which results in increased genomic instability in response to PARPi or radiation, and reduced proliferation. Furthermore, analysis of human breast tumors identified nuclear cathepsin L as a positive biomarker for TNBC, which correlates inversely with 53BP1 when vitamin D receptor (VDR) nuclear levels are low. The major findings of these studies are: (1) identification of a new pathway contributing to breast cancers with the poorest prognosis; (2) discovery of the ability of 1α,25(OH)2D3 to inhibit this pathway; and (3) discovery of a triple biomarker signature for identification of patients that could benefit from the treatment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '16th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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36
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Rybanska-Spaeder I, Ghosh R, Franco S. 53BP1 mediates the fusion of mammalian telomeres rendered dysfunctional by DNA-PKcs loss or inhibition. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108731. [PMID: 25264618 PMCID: PMC4181871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere dysfunction promotes genomic instability and carcinogenesis via inappropriate end-to-end chromosomal rearrangements, or telomere fusions. Previous work indicates that the DNA Damage Response (DDR) factor 53BP1 promotes the fusion of telomeres rendered dysfunctional by loss of TRF2, but is dispensable for the fusion of telomeres lacking Pot1 or critically shortened (in telomerase-deficient mice). Here, we examine a role for 53BP1 at telomeres rendered dysfunctional by loss or catalytic inhibition of DNA-PKcs. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking 53BP1 and/or DNA-PKcs, we show that 53BP1 deficiency suppresses G1-generated telomere fusions that normally accumulate in DNA-PKcs-deficient fibroblasts with passage. Likewise, we find that 53BP1 promotes telomere fusions during the replicative phases of the cell cycle in cells treated with the specific DNA-PKcs inhibitor NU7026. However, telomere fusions are not fully abrogated in DNA-PKcs-inhibited 53BP1-deficient cells, but occur with a frequency approximately 10-fold lower than in control 53BP1-proficient cells. Treatment with PARP inhibitors or PARP1 depletion abrogates residual fusions, while Ligase IV depletion has no measurable effect, suggesting that PARP1-dependent alternative end-joining operates at low efficiency at 53BP1-deficient, DNA-PKcs-inhibited telomeres. Finally, we have also examined the requirement for DDR factors ATM, MDC1 or H2AX in this context. We find that ATM loss or inhibition has no measurable effect on the frequency of NU7026-induced fusions in wild-type MEFs. Moreover, analysis of MEFs lacking both ATM and 53BP1 indicates that ATM is also dispensable for telomere fusions via PARP-dependent end-joining. In contrast, loss of either MDC1 or H2AX abrogates telomere fusions in response to DNA-PKcs inhibition, suggesting that these factors operate upstream of both 53BP1-dependent and -independent telomere rejoining. Together, these experiments define a novel requirement for 53BP1 in the fusions of DNA-PKcs-deficient telomeres throughout the cell cycle and uncover a Ligase IV-independent, PARP1-dependent pathway that fuses telomeres at reduced efficiency in the absence of 53BP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Rybanska-Spaeder
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences; and Department of Oncology; and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rajib Ghosh
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences; and Department of Oncology; and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sonia Franco
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences; and Department of Oncology; and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Gou QH, Xie YX, Wu YX, Wang QQ, Wang Z, Li P. [Downregulation of 53BP1 by short hairpin RNA enhances radiosensitivity in laryngeal carcinoma cells]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2014; 45:754-759. [PMID: 25341334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of downregulation of 53BP1 expression on cell growth and radiosensitivity in laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells. METHODS HEP-2 cell lines were established with a stable knockdown of 53BP1 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The level of expressed protein of negative control group (NC),wild type Hep-2 and downregulation of 53BP1 (P6) group was determined by Western blotting. Proliferation on normal conditions was detected by MTT. Radiosensitivity and growth of cells were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS A stable 53BP1 downregulated cell line P6 was established. Similar cell growth was observed between the 53BP1 downregulated cells and the control cells. The downregulation of 53BP1 reduced the number of clonogenic cells exposed to radiation. Compared with wild type Hep-2 group and NC group, Western blot results showed a decrease in 53BP1 protein level in P6 group (P < 0.05), reducing the ratio of arrest of G2/M with radiation dose increased (P < 0.05). MTT results revealed the lower 53BP1 protein level did not affect the cell proliferation. After exposure to 0, 2, 6, 10 Gy ionizing radiation (IR), P6 cells had lower, radiosensitivity parameters (D0, SF2, Dq, N) than controls and wild type Hep-2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION RNA interference could effectively down-regulate the expression of 53BP1 and reduce arrest of G2/M phase, thus enhancing the radiosensitivity of Hep-2 cell line.
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Srivastava NN, Shukla SK, Yashavarddhan MH, Devi M, Tripathi RP, Gupta ML. Modification of radiation-induced DNA double strand break repair pathways by chemicals extracted from Podophyllum hexandrum: an in vitro study in human blood leukocytes. Environ Mol Mutagen 2014; 55:436-448. [PMID: 24500925 DOI: 10.1002/em.21853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiation exposure is a serious threat to biomolecules, particularly DNA, proteins and lipids. Various exogenous substances have been reported to protect these biomolecules. In this study we explored the effect of pre-treatment with G-002M, a mixture of three active derivatives isolated from the rhizomes of Podophyllum hexandrum, on DNA damage response in irradiated human blood leukocytes. Blood was collected from healthy male volunteers, preincubated with G-002M and then irradiated with various doses of radiation. Samples were analyzed using flow cytometry to quantify DNA double strand break (DSB) biomarkers including γ-H2AX, P53BP1 and levels of ligase IV. Blood samples were irradiated in vitro and processed to determine time and dose-dependent kinetics. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was performed at various time points to measure gene expression of DNA-PKcs, Ku80, ATM, and 53BP1; each of these genes is involved in DNA repair signaling. Pre-treatment of blood with G-002M resulted in reduction of γ-H2AX and P53BP1 biomarkers levels and elevated ligase IV levels relative to non-G-002M-treated irradiated cells. These results confirm suppression in radiation-induced DNA DSBs. Samples pre-treated with G-002M and then irradiated also showed significant up-regulation of DNA-PKcs and Ku80 and downregulation of ATM and 53BP1 gene expressions, suggesting that G-002M plays a protective role against DNA damage. The protective effect of G-002M may be due to its ability to scavange radiation-induced free radicals or assist in DNA repair. Further studies are needed to decipher the role of G-002M on signaling molecules involved in radiation-induced DNA damage repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya N Srivastava
- Radioprotective Drug Development Research Department, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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Zheng L, Tang W, Shi Y, Chen S, Wang X, Wang L, Shao A, Ding G, Liu C, Liu R, Yin J, Gu H. p21 rs3176352 G>C and p73 rs1801173 C>T polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96958. [PMID: 24820515 PMCID: PMC4018405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Esophageal cancer was the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in China in 2009. Genetic factors might play an important role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) carcinogenesis. Designs and Methods To evaluate the effect p21, p53, TP53BP1 and p73 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the risk of ESCC, we conducted a hospital based case–control study. A total of 629 ESCC cases and 686 controls were recruited. Their genotypes were determined using ligation detection reaction (LDR) method. Results When the p21 rs3176352 GG homozygote genotype was used as the reference group, the CC genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of ESCC. When the p73 rs1801173 CC homozygote genotype was used as the reference group, the CT genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of ESCC. After Bonferroni correction, for p21 rs3176352 G>C, the pcorrect was still significant. For the other six SNPs, in all comparison models, no association between the polymorphisms and ESCC risk was observed. Conclusions p21 rs3176352 G>C and p73 rs1801173 C>T SNPs are associated with increased risk of ESCC. To confirm the current findings, additional, larger studies and tissue-specific biological characterization are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yijun Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suocheng Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Cancer institute, Department of chemotherapy, People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aizhong Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guowen Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (HG)
| | - Haiyong Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (HG)
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Turner HC, Sharma P, Perrier JR, Bertucci A, Smilenov L, Johnson G, Taveras M, Brenner DJ, Garty G. The RABiT: high-throughput technology for assessing global DSB repair. Radiat Environ Biophys 2014; 53:265-72. [PMID: 24477408 PMCID: PMC3999265 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
At the Center for High-Throughput Minimally Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry, we have developed a rapid automated biodosimetry tool (RABiT); this is a completely automated, ultra-high-throughput robotically based biodosimetry workstation designed for use following a large-scale radiological event, to perform radiation biodosimetry measurements based on a fingerstick blood sample. High throughput is achieved through purpose built robotics, sample handling in filter-bottomed multi-well plates and innovations in high-speed imaging and analysis. Currently, we are adapting the RABiT technologies for use in laboratory settings, for applications in epidemiological and clinical studies. Our overall goal is to extend the RABiT system to directly measure the kinetics of DNA repair proteins. The design of the kinetic/time-dependent studies is based on repeated, automated sampling of lymphocytes from a central reservoir of cells housed in the RABiT incubator as a function of time after the irradiation challenge. In the present study, we have characterized the DNA repair kinetics of the following repair proteins: γ-H2AX, 53-BP1, ATM kinase, MDC1 at multiple times (0.5, 2, 4, 7 and 24 h) after irradiation with 4 Gy γ rays. In order to provide a consistent dose exposure at time zero, we have developed an automated capillary irradiator to introduce DNA DSBs into fingerstick-size blood samples within the RABiT. To demonstrate the scalability of the laboratory-based RABiT system, we have initiated a population study using γ-H2AX as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Turner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St. VC11-240, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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Chua MLK, Horn S, Somaiah N, Davies S, Gothard L, A'Hern R, Yarnold J, Rothkamm K. DNA double-strand break repair and induction of apoptosis in ex vivo irradiated blood lymphocytes in relation to late normal tissue reactions following breast radiotherapy. Radiat Environ Biophys 2014; 53:355-64. [PMID: 24622963 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test whether induction of apoptosis following ex vivo X-irradiation of unstimulated blood lymphocytes correlated with clinical radiosensitivity and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in breast radiotherapy patients and healthy volunteers. Using small molecule inhibitors, the relationship between DSB repair and radiation-induced apoptosis was examined. Sixteen breast cancer patients with minimal (controls, n = 8) or extremely marked late radiation-induced change (cases, n = 8) and eight healthy volunteers were selected. DSBs were quantified by γH2AX/53BP1 immunofluorescence, and apoptosis was measured using a fluorogenic inhibitor of caspases assay. Mean γH2AX/53BP1 focus levels 24 h after exposure to 4 Gy were higher in cases (12.7 foci per cell) than in controls (10.3 foci per cell, p = 0.002). In contrast, the mean apoptotic fraction 48 h after 8 Gy was comparable, 37.2 % in cases and 34.7 % in controls (p = 0.442). Residual focus and apoptosis levels were not correlated within individuals (Spearman's R = -0.0059, p = 0.785). However, cells treated with DNA-PK inhibitor Nu7441 had higher focus and apoptosis levels 48 h after 1 Gy compared to mock-treated cells, suggesting that apoptosis induction following irradiation is modulated by DSB repair. This effect required functional ATM since cells treated simultaneously with Nu7441 and the ATM inhibitor Ku55933 were resistant to apoptosis despite high levels of residual foci. One clinical case displayed an impaired DNA-PK-dependent end-joining cellular phenotype. In summary, clinical radiosensitivity may be associated with impaired DSB repair in some patients. Although pharmaceutical inhibition of ATM and DNA-PK affected apoptosis induction and DSB repair, no association was observed between apoptosis and residual focus levels in patients and volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Lee Kiang Chua
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, OX11 0RQ, UK
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Lee DH, Acharya SS, Kwon M, Drane P, Guan Y, Adelmant G, Kalev P, Shah J, Pellman D, Marto JA, Chowdhury D. Dephosphorylation enables the recruitment of 53BP1 to double-strand DNA breaks. Mol Cell 2014; 54:512-25. [PMID: 24703952 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Excluding 53BP1 from chromatin is required to attenuate the DNA damage response during mitosis, yet the functional relevance and regulation of this exclusion are unclear. Here we show that 53BP1 is phosphorylated during mitosis on two residues, T1609 and S1618, located in its well-conserved ubiquitination-dependent recruitment (UDR) motif. Phosphorylating these sites blocks the interaction of the UDR motif with mononuclesomes containing ubiquitinated histone H2A and impedes binding of 53BP1 to mitotic chromatin. Ectopic recruitment of 53BP1-T1609A/S1618A to mitotic DNA lesions was associated with significant mitotic defects that could be reversed by inhibiting nonhomologous end-joining. We also reveal that protein phosphatase complex PP4C/R3β dephosphorylates T1609 and S1618 to allow the recruitment of 53BP1 to chromatin in G1 phase. Our results identify key sites of 53BP1 phosphorylation during mitosis, identify the counteracting phosphatase complex that restores the potential for DDR during interphase, and establish the physiological importance of this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanket S Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mijung Kwon
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pascal Drane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yinghua Guan
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guillaume Adelmant
- Department of Biological Chemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Kalev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jagesh Shah
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Pellman
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Biological Chemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Liu L, Jiao J, Wang Y, Zhang D, Wu J, Huang D. Lack of association of the TP53BP1 Glu353Asp polymorphism with risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90931. [PMID: 24603722 PMCID: PMC3946247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The TP53BP1 gene may be involved in the development of cancer through disrupting DNA repair. However, studies investigating the relationship between TP53BP1 Glu353Asp (rs560191) polymorphism and cancer yielded contradictory and inconclusive outcomes. In order to realize these ambiguous findings, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between the TP53BP1 Glu353Asp (rs560191) polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer. Methods We conducted a search of all English reports on studies for the association between the TP53BP1 Asp353Glu (rs560191) polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer using Medline, the Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, Google (scholar), and all Chinese reports were identified manually and on-line using CBMDisc, Chongqing VIP database, and CNKI database. The strict selection criteria and exclusion criteria were determined, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. The fixed or random effect model was selected based on the heterogeneity test among studies. Publication bias was estimated using funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Results A total of seven studies were included in the meta-analysis including 3,213 cases and 3,849 controls. The results indicated that the Glu353Asp (rs560191) polymorphism in TP53BP1 gene had no association with cancer risk for all genetic models. In the subgroup analysis, the results suggested that Glu353Asp polymorphism was not associated with the risk of cancer according to ethnicity, cancer type, genotyping method, adjusted with control or not, HWE and quality score. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggested that the Glu353Asp (rs560191) polymorphism in TP53BP1 gene was not associated with risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jinghua Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fengtian Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Development and Planning office, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingyang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Desheng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
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Ramaekers CHMA, van den Beucken T, Bristow RG, Chiu RK, Durocher D, Wouters BG. RNF8-independent Lys63 poly-ubiquitylation prevents genomic instability in response to replication-associated DNA damage. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89997. [PMID: 24587176 PMCID: PMC3938561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) involves the ordered assembly of repair proteins at or near sites of damage. This process is mediated through post-translational protein modifications that include both phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. Recent data have demonstrated that recruitment of the repair proteins BRCA1, 53BP1, and RAD18 to ionizing irradiation (IR) induced DSBs is dependent on formation of non-canonical K63-linked polyubiquitin chains by the RNF8 and RNF168 ubiquitin ligases. Here we report a novel role for K63-ubiquitylation in response to replication-associated DSBs that contributes to both cell survival and maintenance of genome stability. Suppression of K63-ubiquitylation markedly increases large-scale mutations and chromosomal aberrations in response to endogenous or exogenous replication-associated DSBs. These effects are associated with an S-phase specific defect in DNA repair as revealed by an increase in residual 53BP1 foci. Use of both knockdown and knockout cell lines indicates that unlike the case for IR-induced DSBs, the requirement for K63-ubiquitylation for the repair of replication associated DSBs was found to be RNF8-independent. Our findings reveal the existence of a novel K63-ubiquitylation dependent repair pathway that contributes to the maintenance of genome integrity in response to replication-associated DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal H. M. A. Ramaekers
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Maastricht Radiation Oncology (MaastRO) Lab, GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Twan van den Beucken
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Maastricht Radiation Oncology (MaastRO) Lab, GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert G. Bristow
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roland K. Chiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Durocher
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradly G. Wouters
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Maastricht Radiation Oncology (MaastRO) Lab, GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Luebben SW, Shima N, Kawabata T. Methods for the detection of genome instability derived from replication stress in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1194:341-352. [PMID: 25064113 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1215-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Replication stress, with its subsequent genome instability, is a hallmark of cancer from its earliest stages of development. Here, we describe assays that are sufficiently sensitive to detect intrinsic replicative stress and its consequences in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. First, we explain the non-denatured DNA fiber assay, a powerful tool to directly measure DNA replication kinetics via the dual-labeling of active replication forks. Then, we describe the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, which can be combined with detection of 53BP1 nuclear bodies to measure the levels of replication-associated genome instability carried over into G1 phase of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer W Luebben
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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Hu W, Pei H, Li H, Ding N, He J, Wang J, Furusawa Y, Hirayama R, Matsumoto Y, Liu C, Li Y, Kawata T, Zhou G. Effects of shielding on the induction of 53BP1 foci and micronuclei after Fe ion exposures. J Radiat Res 2014; 55:10-16. [PMID: 23728321 PMCID: PMC3885111 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
High atomic number and high-energy (HZE) particles in deep space are of low abundance but substantially contribute to the biological effects of space radiation. Shielding is so far the most effective way to partially protect astronauts from these highly penetrating particles. However, simulated calculations and measurements have predicted that secondary particles resulting from the shielding of cosmic rays produce a significant fraction of the total dose and dose equivalent. In this study, we investigated the biological effects of secondary radiation with two cell types, and with cells exposed in different phases of the cell cycle, by comparing the biological effects of a 200 MeV/u iron beam with a shielded beam in which the energy of the iron ion beam was decreased from 500 MeV/u to 200 MeV/u with PMMA, polyethylene (PE), or aluminum. We found that beam shielding resulted in increased induction of 53BP1 foci and micronuclei in a cell-type-dependent manner compared with the unshielded 200 MeV/u Fe ion beam. These findings provide experimental proof that the biological effects of secondary particles resulting from the interaction between HZE particles and shielding materials should be considered in shielding design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Hu
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hailong Pei
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinpeng He
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yoshiya Furusawa
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-555, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Hirayama
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-555, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsumoto
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-555, Japan
| | - Cuihua Liu
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-555, Japan
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medical Fundamentation and Application Astronaut Center of China, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Tetsuya Kawata
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Guangming Zhou
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Stixová L, Hrušková T, Sehnalová P, Legartová S, Svidenská S, Kozubek S, Bártová E. Advanced microscopy techniques used for comparison of UVA- and γ-irradiation-induced DNA damage in the cell nucleus and nucleolus. Folia Biol (Praha) 2014; 60 Suppl 1:76-84. [PMID: 25369346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Every day, genomes are affected by genotoxic factors that create multiple DNA lesions. Several DNA repair systems have evolved to counteract the deleterious effects of DNA damage. These systems include a set of DNA repair mechanisms, damage tolerance processes, and activation of cell-cycle checkpoints. This study describes selected confocal microscopy techniques that investigate DNA damage-related nuclear events after UVA- and γ-irradiation and compare the DNA damage response (DDR) induced by the two experimental approaches. In both cases, we observed induction of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway and formation of localized double-strand breaks (DSBs). This was confirmed by analysis of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in the DNA lesions and by increased levels of γH2AX and 53BP1 proteins in the irradiated genome. DNA damage by UVA-lasers was potentiated by either BrdU or Hoechst 33342 pre-sensitization and compared to non-photosensitized cells. DSBs were also induced without BrdU or Hoechst 33342 pre-treatment. Interestingly, no cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) were detected after 405 nm UVA laser micro-irradiation in non-photosensitized cells. The effects of UVA and γ-irradiation were also studied by silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs). This experimental approach revealed changes in the morphology of nucleoli after genome injury. Additionally, to precisely characterize DDR in locally induced DNA lesions, we analysed the kinetics of the 53BP1 protein involved in DDR by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stixová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T Hrušková
- 1Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Sehnalová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Legartová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Svidenská
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Kozubek
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - E Bártová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
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Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) signalling and repair is crucial to preserve genomic integrity and maintain cellular homeostasis. p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) is an important regulator of the cellular response to DSBs that promotes the end-joining of distal DNA ends, which is induced during V(D)J and class switch recombination as well as during the fusion of deprotected telomeres. New insights have been gained into the mechanisms underlying the recruitment of 53BP1 to damaged chromatin and how 53BP1 promotes non-homologous end-joining-mediated DSB repair while preventing homologous recombination. From these studies, a model is emerging in which 53BP1 recruitment requires the direct recognition of a DSB-specific histone code and its influence on pathway choice is mediated by mutual antagonism with breast cancer 1 (BRCA1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Panier
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Clare Hall, South Mimms, London EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Simon J Boulton
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Clare Hall, South Mimms, London EN6 3LD, UK
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49
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Suvorova II, Pospelov VA. [Analysis of irradiation-induced repair foci in mouse embryonic stem cells]. Tsitologiia 2014; 56:340-345. [PMID: 25696973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Somatic cells in response to DNA damage activate two important protective mechanisms: G1 checkpoint control and a program for recognizing and repairing DNA defects (DDR signaling). Both mechanisms are triggered by the activation of common sensor kinases ATM and ATR, which in turn phosphorylate downstream targets. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) lack of G1 checkpoint and undergo only temporary G2 delay after DNA damage. We have analyzed the ability of mESCs to detect DNA damage and to form repair foci after irradiation. We showed irradiation-induced activation of ATM and ATR is followed by formation of γH2AX foci co-localized with DNA repair proteins Rad51, DNA-PK and adapter protein 53BP1. Furthermore, we checked contribution of ATM/Chk2 and ATR/Chk1 cascades to cell cycle control and viability of mESCs after DNA damage. Inhibition of ATR/Chk1 cascade leads to accumulation of G1 phase cells, whereas perturbation of ATM/Chk2 activity causes no such effect. Moreover, inhibition of ATR/Chk1 activity, but not ATM/Chk2, substantially augments the killing effect of ionizing radiation on mESCs. In summary, our results indicate that mESCs are capable of recognizing DNA damage and forming repair foci, but their DDR signaling it seems to be distinct from somatic cells and tightly connected with maintaining of pluripotency and self-renewal.
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Enervald E, Du L, Visnes T, Björkman A, Lindgren E, Wincent J, Borck G, Colleaux L, Cormier-Daire V, van Gent DC, Pie J, Puisac B, de Miranda NFCC, Kracker S, Hammarström L, de Villartay JP, Durandy A, Schoumans J, Ström L, Pan-Hammarström Q. A regulatory role for the cohesin loader NIPBL in nonhomologous end joining during immunoglobulin class switch recombination. J Exp Med 2013; 210:2503-13. [PMID: 24145515 PMCID: PMC3832922 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are mainly repaired via homologous recombination (HR) or nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). These breaks pose severe threats to genome integrity but can also be necessary intermediates of normal cellular processes such as immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR). During CSR, DSBs are produced in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and are repaired by the classical NHEJ machinery. By studying B lymphocytes derived from patients with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, we observed a strong correlation between heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the cohesin loading protein NIPBL and a shift toward the use of an alternative, microhomology-based end joining during CSR. Furthermore, the early recruitment of 53BP1 to DSBs was reduced in the NIPBL-deficient patient cells. Association of NIPBL deficiency and impaired NHEJ was also observed in a plasmid-based end-joining assay and a yeast model system. Our results suggest that NIPBL plays an important and evolutionarily conserved role in NHEJ, in addition to its canonical function in sister chromatid cohesion and its recently suggested function in HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Enervald
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Likun Du
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torkild Visnes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Björkman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Lindgren
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josephine Wincent
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guntram Borck
- Department of Genetics, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U781, Hospital Necker, 75743 Paris, France
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- Department of Genetics, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U781, Hospital Necker, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Genetics, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U781, Hospital Necker, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Dik C. van Gent
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Pie
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and functional Genomics, Medical Faculty, Zaragosa University, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Puisac
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and functional Genomics, Medical Faculty, Zaragosa University, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Noel FCC de Miranda
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Kracker
- National Institutes of Health and Medical Research INSERM U768, Hopital Necker Enfants Malades and Medical Faculty, Descartes-Sorbone Paris Cité University of Paris, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médicine René Descartes, Site Necker, Institut Fédératif de Recherche, F-71015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Durandy
- National Institutes of Health and Medical Research INSERM U768, Hopital Necker Enfants Malades and Medical Faculty, Descartes-Sorbone Paris Cité University of Paris, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Schoumans
- Department of Medical Genetics Cancer Cytogenetic Unit, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lena Ström
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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