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Kroll J, Renkawitz J. Principles of organelle positioning in motile and non-motile cells. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2172-2187. [PMID: 38627564 PMCID: PMC11094012 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells are equipped with asymmetrically localised and functionally specialised components, including cytoskeletal structures and organelles. Positioning these components to specific intracellular locations in an asymmetric manner is critical for their functionality and affects processes like immune responses, tissue maintenance, muscle functionality, and neurobiology. Here, we provide an overview of strategies to actively move, position, and anchor organelles to specific locations. By conceptualizing the cytoskeletal forces and the organelle-to-cytoskeleton connectivity, we present a framework of active positioning of both membrane-enclosed and membrane-less organelles. Using this framework, we discuss how different principles of force generation and organelle anchorage are utilised by different cells, such as mesenchymal and amoeboid cells, and how the microenvironment influences the plasticity of organelle positioning. Given that motile cells face the challenge of coordinating the positioning of their content with cellular motion, we particularly focus on principles of organelle positioning during migration. In this context, we discuss novel findings on organelle positioning by anchorage-independent mechanisms and their advantages and disadvantages in motile as well as stationary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kroll
- Biomedical Center, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Renkawitz
- Biomedical Center, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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2
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Link K, Muhandes L, Polikarpova A, Lämmermann T, Sixt M, Fässler R, Roers A. Integrin β1-mediated mast cell immune-surveillance of blood vessel content. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00362-2. [PMID: 38636606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-mediated degranulation of mast cells (MCs) provides rapid protection against environmental hazards, including animal venoms. A fraction of tissue-resident MCs intimately associates with blood vessels. These perivascular MCs were reported to extend projections into the vessel lumen and to be the first MCs to acquire intravenously injected IgE, suggesting that IgE loading of MCs depends on their vascular association. OBJECTIVE We sought to elucidate the molecular basis of the MC-blood vessel interaction and to determine its relevance for IgE-mediated immune responses. METHODS We selectively inactivated the Itgb1 gene, encoding the β1 chain of integrin adhesion molecules (ITGB1), in MCs by conditional gene targeting in mice. We analyzed skin MCs for blood vessel association, surface IgE density, and capability to bind circulating antibody specific for MC surface molecules, as well as in vivo responses to antigen administered via different routes. RESULTS Lack of ITGB1 expression severely compromised MC-blood vessel association. ITGB1-deficient MCs showed normal densities of surface IgE but reduced binding of intravenously injected antibodies. While their capacity to degranulate in response to IgE ligation in vivo was unimpaired, anaphylactic responses to antigen circulating in the vasculature were largely abolished. CONCLUSIONS ITGB1-mediated association of MCs with blood vessels is key for MC immune surveillance of blood vessel content, but is dispensable for slow steady-state loading of endogenous IgE onto tissue-resident MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Link
- Institute for Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lina Muhandes
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Joulia R, Puttur F, Stölting H, Traves WJ, Entwistle LJ, Voitovich A, Garcia Martín M, Al-Sahaf M, Bonner K, Scotney E, Molyneaux PL, Hewitt RJ, Walker SA, Yates L, Saglani S, Lloyd CM. Mast cell activation disrupts interactions between endothelial cells and pericytes during early life allergic asthma. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173676. [PMID: 38487999 PMCID: PMC10940085 DOI: 10.1172/jci173676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma generally starts during early life and is linked to substantial tissue remodeling and lung dysfunction. Although angiogenesis is a feature of the disrupted airway, the impact of allergic asthma on the pulmonary microcirculation during early life is unknown. Here, using quantitative imaging in precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs), we report that exposure of neonatal mice to house dust mite (HDM) extract disrupts endothelial cell/pericyte interactions in adventitial areas. Central to the blood vessel structure, the loss of pericyte coverage was driven by mast cell (MC) proteases, such as tryptase, that can induce pericyte retraction and loss of the critical adhesion molecule N-cadherin. Furthermore, spatial transcriptomics of pediatric asthmatic endobronchial biopsies suggests intense vascular stress and remodeling linked with increased expression of MC activation pathways in regions enriched in blood vessels. These data provide previously unappreciated insights into the pathophysiology of allergic asthma with potential long-term vascular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Joulia
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Franz Puttur
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Helen Stölting
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - William J. Traves
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Lewis J. Entwistle
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Anastasia Voitovich
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Minerva Garcia Martín
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - May Al-Sahaf
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katie Bonner
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Scotney
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philip L. Molyneaux
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard J. Hewitt
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Simone A. Walker
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Laura Yates
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Sejal Saglani
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Clare M. Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
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4
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Xia M, Liu W, Hou F. Mast cell in infantile hemangioma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1304478. [PMID: 38313798 PMCID: PMC10834664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1304478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign vascular tumor characterized by three phases - proliferation, early involution and late involution. Mast cells (MCs) play an important role in allergic reactions and numerous diseases, including tumors. While the mechanisms underlying MCs migration, activation and function in the life cycle of IH remain unclear, previous studies suggested that MCs circulate through the vasculature and migrate into IH, and subsequently mature and get activated. Estradiol (E2) emerges as a potential attractant for MC migration into IH and their subsequent activation. In various stages of IH, activated MCs secrete both proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic modulators, absorbed by various cells adjacent to them. Imbalances in these modulators may contribute to IH proliferation and involution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fang Hou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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5
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Akula S, Tripathi SR, Franke K, Wernersson S, Babina M, Hellman L. Cultures of Human Skin Mast Cells, an Attractive In Vitro Model for Studies of Human Mast Cell Biology. Cells 2024; 13:98. [PMID: 38201301 PMCID: PMC10778182 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies of mast cell biology are dependent on relevant and validated in vitro models. Here, we present detailed information concerning the phenotype of both freshly isolated human skin mast cells (MCs) and of in vitro cultures of these cells that were obtained by analyzing their total transcriptome. Transcript levels of MC-related granule proteins and transcription factors were found to be remarkably stable over a 3-week culture period. Relatively modest changes were also seen for important cell surface receptors including the high-affinity receptor for IgE, FCER1A, the low-affinity receptor for IgG, FCGR2A, and the receptor for stem cell factor, KIT. FCGR2A was the only Fc receptor for IgG expressed by these cells. The IgE receptor increased by 2-5-fold and an approximately 10-fold reduction in the expression of FCGR2A was observed most likely due to the cytokines, SCF and IL-4, used for expanding the cells. Comparisons of the present transcriptome against previously reported transcriptomes of mouse peritoneal MCs and mouse bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) revealed both similarities and major differences. Strikingly, cathepsin G was the most highly expressed granule protease in human skin MCs, in contrast to the almost total absence of this protease in both mouse MCs. Transcript levels for the majority of cell surface receptors were also very low compared to the granule proteases in both mouse and human MCs, with a difference of almost two orders of magnitude. An almost total absence of T-cell granzymes was observed in human skin MCs, indicating that granzymes have no or only a minor role in human MC biology. Ex vivo skin MCs expressed high levels of selective immediate early genes and transcripts of heat shock proteins. In validation experiments, we determined that this expression was an inherent property of the cells and not the result of the isolation process. Three to four weeks in culture results in an induction of cell growth-related genes accompanying their expansion by 6-10-fold, which increases the number of cells for in vitro experiments. Collectively, we show that cultured human skin MCs resemble their ex vivo equivalents in many respects and are a more relevant in vitro model compared to mouse BMMCs for studies of MC biology, in particular human MC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Akula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Shiva Raj Tripathi
- Institute of Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.T.); (K.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Franke
- Institute of Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.T.); (K.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Wernersson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Magda Babina
- Institute of Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.T.); (K.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden;
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Cheng L, Yue H, Zhang H, Liu Q, Du L, Liu X, Xie J, Shen Y. The influence of microenvironment stiffness on endothelial cell fate: Implication for occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2023; 334:122233. [PMID: 37918628 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is characterized by phenotypic changes in fibrous proliferation, chronic inflammation and lipid accumulation mediated by vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) which are correlated with the stiffening and ectopic remodeling of local extracellular matrix (ECM). The native residents, ECs and SMCs, are not only affected by various chemical factors including inflammatory mediators and chemokines, but also by a range of physical stimuli, such as shear stress and ECM stiffness, presented in the microenvironmental niche. Especially, ECs, as a semi-selective barrier, can sense mechanical forces, respond quickly to changes in mechanical loading and provide context-specific adaptive responses to restore homeostasis. However, blood arteries undergo stiffening and lose their elasticity with age. Reports have shown that the ECM stiffening could influence EC fate by changing the cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, cell to cell contact, migration and even communication with SMCs. The cell behaviour changes mediated by ECM stiffening are dependent on the activation of a signaling cascade of mechanoperception and mechanotransduction. Although the substantial evidence directly indicates the importance of ECM stiffening on the native ECs, the understanding about this complex interplay is still largely limited. In this review, we systematically summarize the roles of ECM stiffening on the behaviours of endothelial cells and elucidate the underlying details in biological mechanism, aiming to provide the process of how ECs integrate ECM mechanics and the highlights for bioaffinity of tissue-specific engineered scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Yue
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huaiyi Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingyu Du
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China.
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7
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Xie Z, Niu L, Zheng G, Du K, Dai S, Li R, Dan H, Duan L, Wu H, Ren G, Dou X, Feng F, Zhang J, Zheng J. Single-cell analysis unveils activation of mast cells in colorectal cancer microenvironment. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:217. [PMID: 38031173 PMCID: PMC10687892 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mast cells (MCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear, and a comprehensive single-cell study on CRC MCs has not been conducted. This study used a multi-omics approach, integrating single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and bulk tissue sequencing data to investigate the heterogeneity and impact of MCs in CRC. Five MC signature genes (TPSAB1, TPSB2, CPA3, HPGDS, and MS4A2) were identified, and their average expression was used as a marker of MCs. The MC density was found to be lower in CRC compared to normal tissue, but MCs in CRC demonstrated distinct activation features. Activated MCs were defined by high expression of receptors and MC mediators, while resting MCs had low expression. Most genes, including the five MC signature genes, were expressed at higher levels in activated MCs. The MC signature was linked to a better prognosis in both CRC and pan-cancer patient cohorts. Elevated KITLG expression was observed in fibroblasts and endothelial cells in CRC samples compared to normal tissue, and co-localization of MCs with these cell types was revealed by spatial transcriptome analysis. In conclusion, this study finds decreased MC density in CRC compared to normal tissue, but highlights a shift in MC phenotype from CMA1high resting cells to activated TPSAB1high, CPA3high, and KIThigh cells. The elevated KITLG expression in the tumor microenvironment's fibroblasts and endothelial cells may activate MCs through the KITLG-KIT axis, potentially suppressing tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Liaoran Niu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Gaozan Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Kunli Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Songchen Dai
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ruikai Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Hanjun Dan
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lili Duan
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Hongze Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Guangming Ren
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Xinyu Dou
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Fan Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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8
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Seifert J, Küchler C, Drube S. ATP/IL-33-Co-Sensing by Mast Cells (MCs) Requires Activated c-Kit to Ensure Effective Cytokine Responses. Cells 2023; 12:2696. [PMID: 38067124 PMCID: PMC10705958 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are sentinel cells which represent an important part of the first line of defense of the immune system. MCs highly express receptors for danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as the IL-33R and P2X7, making MCs to potentially effective sensors for IL-33 and adenosine-triphosphate (ATP), two alarmins which are released upon necrosis-induced cell damage in peripheral tissues. Besides receptors for alarmins, MCs also express the stem cell factor (SCF) receptor c-Kit, which typically mediates MC differentiation, proliferation and survival. By using bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs), ELISA and flow cytometry experiments, as well as p65/RelA and NFAT reporter MCs, we aimed to investigate the influence of SCF on alarmin-induced signaling pathways and the resulting cytokine production and degranulation. We found that the presence of SCF boosted the cytokine production but not degranulation in MCs which simultaneously sense ATP and IL-33 (ATP/IL-33 co-sensing). Therefore, we conclude that SCF maintains the functionality of MCs in peripheral tissues to ensure appropriate MC reactions upon cell damage, induced by pathogens or allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Seifert
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Küchler
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Drube
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
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9
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Caillier A, Oleksyn D, Fowell DJ, Miller J, Oakes PW. T cells Use Focal Adhesions to Pull Themselves Through Confined Environments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.16.562587. [PMID: 37904911 PMCID: PMC10614902 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells are highly dynamic and able to migrate through environments with diverse biochemical and mechanical composition. Their migration has classically been defined as amoeboid under the assumption that it is integrin-independent. Here we show that activated primary Th1 T cells require both confinement and extracellular matrix protein to migrate efficiently. This migration is mediated through small and dynamic focal adhesions that are composed of the same proteins associated with canonical mesenchymal focal adhesions, such as integrins, talin, and vinculin. These focal adhesions, furthermore, localize to sites of contractile traction stresses, enabling T cells to pull themselves through confined spaces. Finally, we show that Th1 T cell preferentially follows tracks of other T cells, suggesting that these adhesions are modifying the extracellular matrix to provide additional environmental guidance cues. These results demonstrate not only that the boundaries between amoeboid and mesenchymal migration modes are ambiguous, but that integrin-mediated adhesions play a key role in T cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Caillier
- Department of Cell & Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - David Oleksyn
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Deborah J Fowell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jim Miller
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Patrick W Oakes
- Department of Cell & Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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10
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Dileepan KN, Raveendran VV, Sharma R, Abraham H, Barua R, Singh V, Sharma R, Sharma M. Mast cell-mediated immune regulation in health and disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1213320. [PMID: 37663654 PMCID: PMC10470157 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1213320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important components of the immune system, and they perform pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory roles in the complex process of immune regulation in health and disease. Because of their strategic perivascular localization, sensitivity and adaptability to the microenvironment, and ability to release a variety of preformed and newly synthesized effector molecules, mast cells perform unique functions in almost all organs. Additionally, Mast cells express a wide range of surface and cytoplasmic receptors which enable them to respond to a variety of cytokines, chemicals, and pathogens. The mast cell's role as a cellular interface between external and internal environments as well as between vasculature and tissues is critical for protection and repair. Mast cell interactions with different immune and nonimmune cells through secreted inflammatory mediators may also turn in favor of disease promoting agents. First and forefront, mast cells are well recognized for their multifaceted functions in allergic diseases. Reciprocal communication between mast cells and endothelial cells in the presence of bacterial toxins in chronic/sub-clinical infections induce persistent vascular inflammation. We have shown that mast cell proteases and histamine induce endothelial inflammatory responses that are synergistically amplified by bacterial toxins. Mast cells have been shown to exacerbate vascular changes in normal states as well as in chronic or subclinical infections, particularly among cigarette smokers. Furthermore, a potential role of mast cells in SARS-CoV-2-induced dysfunction of the capillary-alveolar interface adds to the growing understanding of mast cells in viral infections. The interaction between mast cells and microglial cells in the brain further highlights their significance in neuroinflammation. This review highlights the significant role of mast cells as the interface that acts as sensor and early responder through interactions with cells in systemic organs and the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kottarappat N. Dileepan
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Vineesh V. Raveendran
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Harita Abraham
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rajat Barua
- Cardiology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Vikas Singh
- Neurology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Ram Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas, MO, United States
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11
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Lyu Q, Wang Y, Ley K. Mast cells must stick. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:109-110. [PMID: 37284819 PMCID: PMC10885734 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingkang Lyu
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Klaus Ley
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
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