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Sarles SE, Hensel EC, Nuss C, Terry J, Robinson R. Characterization of mass distribution in a biomimetic aerosol exposure system. Inhal Toxicol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38669189 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2341995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lack of biomimicry in geometry and flow conditions of emissions systems for analytical testing and biological exposure has led to fundamental limitations, including a poor understanding of dose delivered to specific airway locations. This work characterizes mass distribution of a JUUL® brand e-cigarette in a Biomimetic Aerosol Exposure System (BAES). MATERIALS AND METHODS A combination of mass balance, direct measurements, and inferences based on direct measurements were used to characterize regional and local dose as a function of system flow path configuration and emissions topography profile. RESULTS Doses produced by the emissions topography profile with only puffing were significantly different from profiles with clean air inhalation following puffs. Mass characterization results support that dose can be manipulated using flow path geometry. Local and regional deposition was mapped throughout the system. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We estimate the fraction of yield to the mouth deposited at several locations throughout the system for a variety of puffing and respiration topographies and show that emissions topography profile and system flow path geometry affect dose. This work provides proof-of-concept for assessing mass distribution as a function of aerosol generator (e-cigarette product), user airway geometry, and inhalation and puffing topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Emma Sarles
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering PhD Program, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Edward C Hensel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Caleb Nuss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Janessa Terry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Risa Robinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
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2
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Li Z, Li X, Feng B, Zhao J, Liu K, Xie F, Xie J. The application of a self-designed microfluidic lung chip in the assessment of different inhalable aerosols. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2111-2119. [PMID: 38516815 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00017j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic-based assessment platforms have recently attracted considerable attention and have been widely used for evaluating in vitro toxic effects. In the present study, we developed an original real-time aerosol exposure system, which focused on a self-designed microfluidic chip, in order to evaluate the toxicological effects following exposure to inhalable aerosols. The three-layer structured microfluidic chip enables real-time aerosol exposure at the gas-liquid interface. The comprehensive detection of toxic effect biomarkers based on this assessment platform encompasses transcriptomics, in situ fluorescence detection, and the identification of extracellular secretagogues. Correspondingly, the effects of selected inhalable aerosols such as cigarette smoke (CS), heated tobacco product smoke (HS), and electronic cigarette smoke (ES) on gene expression profiles, cell viability, intracellular biomarkers (reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide), apoptosis (caspase-3/7 activity), and extracellular biomarkers (IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde) in the BEAS-2B cells present on the chip were investigated. Following exposure to aerosols derived from CS, HS, and ES, the transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression in these cells. In addition, the overlapping DEGs from the different treatment groups were found to be primarily associated with stimuli and inflammatory responses. Correspondingly, each of the three categories of selected inhalable aerosols was confirmed to induce significant changes in biomarkers that were associated with toxic effects. These results suggest that the original real-time aerosol exposure system centered around a self-designed chip can be applied to the toxic effect evaluation of inhalable aerosol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhi Li
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102209, PR China
| | - Boyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102209, PR China
| | - Kejian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Jianping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102209, PR China
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3
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Emma Sarles S, Hensel EC, Terry J, Nuss C, Robinson RJ. Flow Rate and Wall Shear Stress Characterization of a Biomimetic Aerosol Exposure System. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:045001. [PMID: 38270928 PMCID: PMC10983703 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Current in vitro emissions and exposure systems lack biomimicry, use unrealistic flow conditions, produce unrealistic dose, and provide inaccurate biomechanical cues to cell cultures, limiting ability to correlate in vitro outcomes with in vivo health effects. A biomimetic in vitro system capable of puffing aerosol and clean air inhalation may empower researchers to investigate complex questions related to lung injury and disease. A biomimetic aerosol exposure system (BAES), including an electronic cigarette adapter, oral cavity module (OCM), and bifurcated exposure chamber (BEC) was designed and manufactured. The fraction of aerosol deposited in transit to a filter pad or lost as volatiles was 0.116±0.021 in a traditional emissions setup versus 0.098 ± 0.015 with the adapter. The observed flowrate was within 5% of programed flowrate for puffing (25 mL/s), puff-associated respiration (450 mL/s), and tidal inhalation (350 mL/s). The maximum flowrate observed in the fabricated BAES was 450 mL/s, exceeding the lower target nominal wall shear stress of 0.025 Pa upstream of the bifurcation and fell below the target of 0.02 Pa downstream. This in vitro system addresses several gaps observed in commercially available systems and may be used to study many inhaled aerosols. The current work illustrates how in silico models may be used to correlate results of an in vitro study to in vivo conditions, rather than attempting to design an in vitro system that performs exactly as the human respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Emma Sarles
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 77 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623
| | - Edward C. Hensel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 77 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623
| | - Janessa Terry
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 77 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623
| | - Caleb Nuss
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 77 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623
| | - Risa J. Robinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 77 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623
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4
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Graf J, Trautmann-Rodriguez M, Sabnis S, Kloxin AM, Fromen CA. On the path to predicting immune responses in the lung: Modeling the pulmonary innate immune system at the air-liquid interface (ALI). Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 191:106596. [PMID: 37770004 PMCID: PMC10658361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases and infections are among the largest contributors to death globally, many of which still have no cure, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and respiratory syncytial virus among others. Pulmonary therapeutics afford untapped potential for treating lung infection and disease through direct delivery to the site of action. However, the ability to innovate new therapeutic paradigms for respiratory diseases will rely on modeling the human lung microenvironment and including key cellular interactions that drive disease. One key feature of the lung microenvironment is the air-liquid interface (ALI). ALI interface modeling techniques, using cell-culture inserts, organoids, microfluidics, and precision lung slices (PCLS), are rapidly developing; however, one major component of these models is lacking-innate immune cell populations. Macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, among others, represent key lung cell populations, acting as the first responders during lung infection or injury. Innate immune cells respond to and modulate stromal cells and bridge the gap between the innate and adaptive immune system, controlling the bodies response to foreign pathogens and debris. In this article, we review the current state of ALI culture systems with a focus on innate immune cells and suggest ways to build on current models to add complexity and relevant immune cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Graf
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Simone Sabnis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - April M Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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5
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Nizamoglu M, Joglekar MM, Almeida CR, Larsson Callerfelt AK, Dupin I, Guenat OT, Henrot P, van Os L, Otero J, Elowsson L, Farre R, Burgess JK. Innovative three-dimensional models for understanding mechanisms underlying lung diseases: powerful tools for translational research. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:230042. [PMID: 37495250 PMCID: PMC10369168 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0042-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases result from alteration and/or destruction of lung tissue, inevitably causing decreased breathing capacity and quality of life for patients. While animal models have paved the way for our understanding of pathobiology and the development of therapeutic strategies for disease management, their translational capacity is limited. There is, therefore, a well-recognised need for innovative in vitro models to reflect chronic lung diseases, which will facilitate mechanism investigation and the advancement of new treatment strategies. In the last decades, lungs have been modelled in healthy and diseased conditions using precision-cut lung slices, organoids, extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels and lung-on-chip systems. These three-dimensional models together provide a wide spectrum of applicability and mimicry of the lung microenvironment. While each system has its own limitations, their advantages over traditional two-dimensional culture systems, or even over animal models, increases the value of in vitro models. Generating new and advanced models with increased translational capacity will not only benefit our understanding of the pathobiology of lung diseases but should also shorten the timelines required for discovery and generation of new therapeutics. This article summarises and provides an outline of the European Respiratory Society research seminar "Innovative 3D models for understanding mechanisms underlying lung diseases: powerful tools for translational research", held in Lisbon, Portugal, in April 2022. Current in vitro models developed for recapitulating healthy and diseased lungs are outlined and discussed with respect to the challenges associated with them, efforts to develop best practices for model generation, characterisation and utilisation of models and state-of-the-art translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Nizamoglu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Mugdha M Joglekar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Catarina R Almeida
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Isabelle Dupin
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Olivier T Guenat
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Henrot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Lisette van Os
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Otero
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda Elowsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramon Farre
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Thomas SN, Niemeyer BF, Jimenez-Valdes RJ, Kaiser AJ, Espinosa JM, Sullivan KD, Goodspeed A, Costello JC, Alder JK, Cañas-Arranz R, García-Sastre A, Benam KH. Down syndrome is associated with altered frequency and functioning of tracheal multiciliated cells, and response to influenza virus infection. iScience 2023; 26:107361. [PMID: 37554445 PMCID: PMC10405068 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) clinically manifest severe respiratory illnesses; however, there is a paucity of data on how DS influences homeostatic physiology of lung airway, and its reactive responses to pulmonary pathogens. We generated well-differentiated ciliated airway epithelia using tracheas from wild-type and Dp(16)1/Yey mice in vitro, and discovered that Dp(16)1/Yey epithelia have significantly lower abundance of ciliated cells, an altered ciliary beating profile, and reduced mucociliary transport. Interestingly, both sets of differentiated epithelia released similar quantities of viral particles after infection with influenza A virus (IAV). However, RNA-sequencing and proteomic analyses revealed an immune hyperreactive phenotype particularly for monocyte-recruiting chemokines in Dp(16)1/Yey epithelia. Importantly, when we challenged mice in vivo with IAV, we observed immune hyper-responsiveness in Dp(16)1/Yey mice, evidenced by higher quantities of lung airway infiltrated monocytes, and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Our findings illuminate mechanisms underlying DS-mediated pathophysiological changes in airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N. Thomas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian F. Niemeyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rocio J. Jimenez-Valdes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alexander J. Kaiser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joaquin M. Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kelly D. Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Goodspeed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - James C. Costello
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Alder
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kambez H. Benam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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7
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Wang H, Yin F, Li Z, Su W, Li D. Advances of microfluidic lung chips for assessing atmospheric pollutants exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107801. [PMID: 36774736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollutants, including particulate matters, nanoparticles, bioaerosols, and some chemicals, have posed serious threats to the environment and the human's health. The lungs are the responsible organs for providing the interface betweenthecirculatory system and the external environment, where pollutant particles can deposit or penetrate into bloodstream circulation. Conventional studies to decipher the mechanismunderlying air pollution and human health are quite limited, due to the lack of reliable models that can reproduce in vivo features of lung tissues after pollutants exposure. In the past decade, advanced near-to-native lung chips, combining cell biology with bioengineered technology, present a new strategy for atmospheric pollutants assessment and narrow the gap between 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models. In this review, the key features of artificial lung chips and the cutting-edge technologies of the lung chip manufacture are introduced. The recent progresses of lung chip technologies for atmospheric pollutants exposure assessment are summarized and highlighted. We further discuss the current challenges and the future opportunities of the development of advanced lung chips and their potential utilities in atmospheric pollutants associated toxicity testing and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangchao Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wentao Su
- Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034 Liaoning, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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8
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Izadifar Z, Sontheimer-Phelps A, Lubamba BA, Bai H, Fadel C, Stejskalova A, Ozkan A, Dasgupta Q, Bein A, Junaid A, Gulati A, Mahajan G, Kim S, LoGrande NT, Naziripour A, Ingber DE. Modeling mucus physiology and pathophysiology in human organs-on-chips. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114542. [PMID: 36179916 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The surfaces of human internal organs are lined by a mucus layer that ensures symbiotic relationships with commensal microbiome while protecting against potentially injurious environmental chemicals, toxins, and pathogens, and disruption of this layer can contribute to disease development. Studying mucus biology has been challenging due to the lack of physiologically relevant human in vitro models. Here we review recent progress that has been made in the development of human organ-on-a-chip microfluidic culture models that reconstitute epithelial tissue barriers and physiologically relevant mucus layers with a focus on lung, colon, small intestine, cervix and vagina. These organ-on-a-chip models that incorporate dynamic fluid flow, air-liquid interfaces, and physiologically relevant mechanical cues can be used to study mucus composition, mechanics, and structure, as well as investigate its contributions to human health and disease with a level of biomimicry not possible in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Izadifar
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | | | - Bob A Lubamba
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Haiqing Bai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Cicely Fadel
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Anna Stejskalova
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alican Ozkan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Queeny Dasgupta
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Amir Bein
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Abidemi Junaid
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Aakanksha Gulati
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Gautam Mahajan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Seongmin Kim
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nina T LoGrande
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Arash Naziripour
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, United Kingdom.
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9
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Zhu Y, Sun L, Wang Y, Cai L, Zhang Z, Shang Y, Zhao Y. A Biomimetic Human Lung-on-a-Chip with Colorful Display of Microphysiological Breath. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108972. [PMID: 35065539 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lung-on-a-chip models hold great promise for disease modeling and drug screening. Herein, inspired by the iridescence phenomenon of soap bubbles, a novel biomimetic 3D microphysiological lung-on-a-chip system with breathing visualization is presented. The system, with an array of pulmonary alveoli at the physiological scale, is constructed and coated with structural color materials. Cyclic deformation is induced by regular airflow, resembling the expansion and contraction of the alveoli during rhythmic breathing. As the deformation is accompanied with corresponding synchronous shifts in the structural color, the constructed system offers self-reporting of the cell mechanics and enables real-time monitoring of the cultivation process. Using this system, the dynamic relationships between the color atlas and disease symptoms, showing the essential role of mechanical stretching in the phenotypes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, are investigated. These features make this human lung system ideal in biological study, disease monitoring, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lijun Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhuohao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yixuan Shang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
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10
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Vivas A, van den Berg A, Passier R, Odijk M, van der Meer AD. Fluidic circuit board with modular sensor and valves enables stand-alone, tubeless microfluidic flow control in organs-on-chips. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1231-1243. [PMID: 35178541 PMCID: PMC8922413 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00999k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips are a unique class of microfluidic in vitro cell culture models, in which the in vivo tissue microenvironment is mimicked. Unfortunately, their widespread use is hampered by their operation complexity and incompatibility with end-user research settings. To address these issues, many commercial and non-commercial platforms have been developed for semi-automated culture of organs-on-chips. However, these organ-on-chip culture platforms each represent a closed ecosystem, with very little opportunity to interchange and integrate components from different platforms or to develop new ones. The translational organ-on-chip platform (TOP) is a multi-institutional effort to develop an open platform for automated organ-on-chip culture and integration of components from various developers. Central to TOP is the fluidic circuit board (FCB), a microfluidic plate with the form factor of a typical well plate. The FCB enables microfluidic control of multiple components like sensors or organ-on-chip devices through an interface based on openly available standards. Here, we report an FCB to integrate commercial and in-house developed components forming a stand-alone flow control system for organs-on-chips. The control system is able to achieve constant and pulsatile flow recirculation through a connected organ-on-chip device. We demonstrate that this system is able to automatically perfuse a heart-on-chip device containing co-cultures of cardiac tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and monolayers of endothelial cells for five days. Altogether, we conclude that open technology platforms allow the integration of components from different sources to form functional and fit-for-purpose organ-on-chip systems. We anticipate that open platforms will play a central role in catalyzing and maturing further technological development of organ-on-chip culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisen Vivas
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Andries D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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11
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Abstract
In 2001, the concept of the neurovascular unit was introduced at the Stroke Progress Review Group meeting. The neurovascular unit is an important element of the health and disease status of blood vessels and nerves in the central nervous system. Since then, the neurovascular unit has attracted increasing interest from research teams, who have contributed greatly to the prevention, treatment, and prognosis of stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. However, additional research is needed to establish an efficient, low-cost, and low-energy in vitro model of the neurovascular unit, as well as enable noninvasive observation of neurovascular units in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we first summarize the composition of neurovascular units, then investigate the efficacy of different types of stem cells and cell culture methods in the construction of neurovascular unit models, and finally assess the progress of imaging methods used to observe neurovascular units in recent years and their positive role in the monitoring and investigation of the mechanisms of a variety of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwei Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peifeng Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Provinve, China
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12
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Kaiser AJ, Salem C, Alvarenga BJ, Pagliaro A, Smith KP, Valerio LG, Benam KH. A robotic system for real-time analysis of inhaled submicron and microparticles. iScience 2021; 24:103091. [PMID: 34755082 PMCID: PMC8560831 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E acetate (VEA) has been strongly linked to outbreak of electronic cigarette (EC) or vaping product use-associated lung injury. How VEA leads to such an unexpected morbidity and mortality is currently unknown. To understand whether VEA impacts the disposition profile of inhaled particles, we created a biologically inspired robotic system that quantitatively analyzes submicron and microparticles generated from ECs in real-time while mimicking clinically relevant breathing and vaping topography exactly as happens in humans. We observed addition of even small quantities of VEA was sufficient to alter size distribution and significantly enhance total particles inhaled from ECs. Moreover, we demonstrated utility of our biomimetic robot for studying influence of nicotine and breathing profiles from obstructive and restrictive lung disorders. We anticipate our system will serve as a novel preclinical scientific research, decision-support tool when insight into toxicological impact of modifications in electronic nicotine delivery systems is desired. Vitamin E acetate (VEA) has been strongly linked to outbreak of EVALI A bio-inspired robot was created for real-time analysis of inhaled particles from ENDS VEA in e-liquid, even at small doses, was sufficient to enhance total inhaled particles This robotic system enables preclinical toxicity evaluation of ENDS and tobacco products
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Kaiser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Cassie Salem
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bob J. Alvarenga
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anthony Pagliaro
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kelly P. Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Luis G. Valerio
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kambez H. Benam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Corresponding author
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13
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Singh AV, Maharjan RS, Kromer C, Laux P, Luch A, Vats T, Chandrasekar V, Dakua SP, Park BW. Advances in Smoking Related In Vitro Inhalation Toxicology: A Perspective Case of Challenges and Opportunities from Progresses in Lung-on-Chip Technologies. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1984-2002. [PMID: 34397218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The inhalation toxicology of multifaceted particulate matter from the environment, cigarette smoke, and e-cigarette liquid vapes is a major research topic concerning the adverse effect of these items on lung tissue. In vitro air-liquid interface (ALI) culture models hold more potential in an inhalation toxicity assessment. Apropos to e-cigarette toxicity, the multiflavor components of the vapes pose a complex experimental bottleneck. While an appropriate ALI setup has been one part of the focus to overcome this, parallel attention towards the development of an ideal exposure system has pushed the field forward. With the advent of microfluidic devices, lung-on-chip (LOC) technologies show enormous opportunities in in vitro smoke-related inhalation toxicity. In this review, we provide a framework, establish a paradigm about smoke-related inhalation toxicity testing in vitro, and give a brief overview of breathing LOC experimental design concepts. The capabilities with optimized bioengineering approaches and microfluidics and their fundamental pros and cons are presented with specific case studies. The LOC model can imitate the structural, functional, and mechanical properties of human alveolar-capillary interface and are more reliable than conventional in vitro models. Finally, we outline current perspective challenges as well as opportunities of future development to smoking lungs-on-chip technologies based on advances in soft robotics, machine learning, and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Romi Singh Maharjan
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kromer
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Tanusri Vats
- KNIPSS Management Institute, Faridipur Campus, NH 96, Faizabad-Allahabad Road, Sultanpur 228119, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Byung-Wook Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rayen School of Engineering, Youngstown State University, Youngstown 44555, Ohio, United States
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14
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Bennet TJ, Randhawa A, Hua J, Cheung KC. Airway-On-A-Chip: Designs and Applications for Lung Repair and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1602. [PMID: 34206722 PMCID: PMC8304815 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs are affected by illnesses including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and infections such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Physiologically relevant models for respiratory conditions will be essential for new drug development. The composition and structure of the lung extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a major role in the function of the lung tissue and cells. Lung-on-chip models have been developed to address some of the limitations of current two-dimensional in vitro models. In this review, we describe various ECM substitutes utilized for modeling the respiratory system. We explore the application of lung-on-chip models to the study of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette vapor. We discuss the challenges and opportunities related to model characterization with an emphasis on in situ characterization methods, both established and emerging. We discuss how further advancements in the field, through the incorporation of interstitial cells and ECM, have the potential to provide an effective tool for interrogating lung biology and disease, especially the mechanisms that involve the interstitial elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J. Bennet
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Avineet Randhawa
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jessica Hua
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen C. Cheung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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15
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Abstract
Here, we present a physiologically relevant model of the human pulmonary alveoli. This alveolar lung-on-a-chip platform is composed of a three-dimensional porous hydrogel made of gelatin methacryloyl with an inverse opal structure, bonded to a compartmentalized polydimethylsiloxane chip. The inverse opal hydrogel structure features well-defined, interconnected pores with high similarity to human alveolar sacs. By populating the sacs with primary human alveolar epithelial cells, functional epithelial monolayers are readily formed. Cyclic strain is integrated into the device to allow biomimetic breathing events of the alveolar lung, which, in addition, makes it possible to investigate pathological effects such as those incurred by cigarette smoking and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pseudoviral infection. Our study demonstrates a unique method for reconstitution of the functional human pulmonary alveoli in vitro, which is anticipated to pave the way for investigating relevant physiological and pathological events in the human distal lung.
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16
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Matsumoto R, Takahashi Y. Human pituitary development and application of iPSCs for pituitary disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2069-2079. [PMID: 33206204 PMCID: PMC11071979 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pituitary plays a pivotal role in maintaining systemic homeostasis by secreting several hormones. During fetal development, the pituitary develops from the oral ectoderm in contact with the adjacent hypothalamus. This process is regulated by the fine-tuned expression of transcription and growth factors. Impairments of this process result in congenital pituitary hypoplasia leading to dysfunction of the pituitary. Although animal models such as knockout mice have helped to clarify these underlying mechanisms, the developmental processes of the human pituitary gland and the mechanisms of human pituitary disorders have not been fully understood. This is because, at least in part, of the lack of a human pituitary developmental model. Recently, methods for in vitro induction of the pituitary gland from human pluripotent stem cells were developed. These models can be utilized not only for regenerative medicine but also for human pituitary studies on developmental biology and for modeling of pituitary disorders, such as hypopituitarism and pituitary tumors. In this review, we provide an overview of recent progress in the applications of pluripotent stem cells for pituitary research and discuss further perspectives for pituitary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusaku Matsumoto
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
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17
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Yang S, Chen Z, Cheng Y, Liu T, Pu Y, Liang G. Environmental toxicology wars: Organ-on-a-chip for assessing the toxicity of environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115861. [PMID: 33120150 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a widespread problem, which has seriously threatened human health and led to an increase of human diseases. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate environmental pollutants quickly and efficiently. Because of obvious inter-species differences between animals and humans, and lack of physiologically-relevant microenvironment, animal models and in vitro two-dimensional (2D) models can not accurately describe toxicological effects and predicting actual in vivo responses. To make up the limitations of conventional environmental toxicology screening, organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems are increasingly developing. OOC systems can provide a well-organized architecture with comparable to the complex microenvironment in vivo and generate realistic responses to environmental pollutants. The feasibility, adjustability and reliability of OCC systems make it possible to offer new opportunities for environmental pollutants screening, which can study their metabolism, collective response, and fate in vivo. Further progress can address the challenges to make OCC systems better investigate and evaluate environmental pollutants with high predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
| | - Zaozao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210096.
| | - Yanping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
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18
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Zweier JL, Shalaan MT, Samouilov A, Saleh IG, El-Mahdy MA. Whole body electronic cigarette exposure system for efficient evaluation of diverse inhalation conditions and products. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:477-486. [PMID: 33256483 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1850935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To develop and test a new system for whole body exposure of small animals to support investigation of the biological effects of aerosol generated by electronic cigarette (e-cig) products under diverse inhalation conditions with improved control and monitoring of the e-cig vape exposure and nicotine delivered to the animal's systemic circulation. Methods: A computer-controlled design, with built-in sensors for real time monitoring of O2, CO2, relative humidity, and temperature within the exposure chambers and port for measuring total particulate matter (TPM) was developed, constructed and tested. This design accommodates a variety of commercial vaping devices, offers software flexibility to adjust exposure protocols to mimic different users' puffing patterns, enables variable nicotine delivery to the animal's systemic circulation; minimizes travel time and alterations of aerosol quality or quantity by delivering aerosol directly to the exposure chamber, offers local or remote operation of up to six distinct exposure chambers from a single control unit, and can simultaneously test different exposure conditions or products in diverse animal groups, which reduces inter-run variability, saves time, and increases productivity. Results: The time course pattern of TPM concentration during different phases of the exposure cycle was measured. With increased puffing duration or number of exposure cycles, higher TPM exposure and plasma cotinine levels were observed with plasma cotinine levels in the range reported in light or heavy smokers. Conclusion: Overall, this novel, versatile, and durable exposure system facilitates high-throughput evaluation of the relative safety and potential toxicity of a variety of e-cig devices and liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay L Zweier
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mahmoud T Shalaan
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alexandre Samouilov
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Mohamed A El-Mahdy
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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19
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Wang X, Hou Y, Ai X, Sun J, Xu B, Meng X, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Potential applications of microfluidics based blood brain barrier (BBB)-on-chips for in vitro drug development. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110822. [PMID: 33059264 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex multi-dimensional reticular barrier system composed of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes and a variety of neurons. The conventional in vitro cell culture model fails to truly present the dynamic hemodynamics of BBB and the interaction between neurons. And it is even more impossible to explore brain-related multi-organ diseases, which brings huge obstacles to explore diseases of the central nervous system and the interaction between brain-related multi-organs, and evaluate drug efficacy. Miniaturized microfluidics based BBB chips are being commonly used to co-culture a variety of cells on a small-sized chip to construct a three-dimensional (3D) BBB or BBB-related organ disease models. By combining with other electrophysiological, biochemical sensors or equipment and imaging systems, it can in real time and quickly screen disease-related markers and evaluate drug efficacy. This review systematically summarized the research progress of in vitro BBB and BBB-related organ chips, and analyzed the obstacles of BBB models in depth. Parallelly combined with the current research trends and hot spots, we give the further improvement measures of microfluidic BBB chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ya Hou
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ai
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Binjie Xu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Sanyin Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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20
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Zhao L, Ciallella HL, Aleksunes LM, Zhu H. Advancing computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) by big data and data-driven machine learning modeling. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1624-1638. [PMID: 32663517 PMCID: PMC7572559 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advancing a new drug to market requires substantial investments in time as well as financial resources. Crucial bioactivities for drug candidates, including their efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PK), and adverse effects, need to be investigated during drug development. With advancements in chemical synthesis and biological screening technologies over the past decade, a large amount of biological data points for millions of small molecules have been generated and are stored in various databases. These accumulated data, combined with new machine learning (ML) approaches, such as deep learning, have shown great potential to provide insights into relevant chemical structures to predict in vitro, in vivo, and clinical outcomes, thereby advancing drug discovery and development in the big data era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhao
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Heather L Ciallella
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, NJ 08102, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA.
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21
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Jimenez-Valdes RJ, Can UI, Niemeyer BF, Benam KH. Where We Stand: Lung Organotypic Living Systems That Emulate Human-Relevant Host-Environment/Pathogen Interactions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:989. [PMID: 32903497 PMCID: PMC7438438 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are leading causes of death in humans globally. Cigarette smoking is the principal risk factor for the development of COPD, and LRTIs are caused by inhaling respiratory pathogens. Thus, a thorough understanding of host–environment/pathogen interactions is crucial to developing effective preventive and therapeutic modalities against these disorders. While animal models of human pulmonary conditions have been widely utilized, they suffer major drawbacks due to inter-species differences, hindering clinical translation. Here we summarize recent advances in generating complex 3D culture systems that emulate the microarchitecture and pathophysiology of the human lung, and how these platforms have been implemented for studying exposure to environmental factors, airborne pathogens, and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio J Jimenez-Valdes
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Uryan I Can
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brian F Niemeyer
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kambez H Benam
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States.,Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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22
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Evans KV, Lee J. Alveolar wars: The rise of in vitro models to understand human lung alveolar maintenance, regeneration, and disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:867-881. [PMID: 32272001 PMCID: PMC7381809 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia injure the gas-exchanging alveoli of the human lung. Animal studies have indicated that dysregulation of alveolar cells, including alveolar type II stem/progenitor cells, is implicated in disease pathogenesis. Due to mouse-human differences, there has been a desperate need to develop human-relevant lung models that can more closely recapitulate the human lung during homeostasis, injury repair, and disease. Here we discuss how current single-cell RNA sequencing studies have increased knowledge of the cellular and molecular composition of human lung alveoli, including the identification of molecular heterogeneity, cellular diversity, and previously unknown cell types, some of which arise specifically during disease. For functional analysis of alveolar cells, in vitro human alveolar organoids established from human pluripotent stem cells, embryonic progenitors, and adult tissue from both healthy and diseased lungs have modeled aspects of the cellular and molecular features of alveolar epithelium. Drawbacks of such systems are highlighted, along with possible solutions. Organoid-on-a-chip and ex vivo systems including precision-cut lung slices can complement organoid studies by providing further cellular and structural complexity of lung tissues, and have been shown to be invaluable models of human lung disease, while the production of acellular and synthetic scaffolds hold promise in lung transplant efforts. Further improvements to such systems will increase understanding of the underlying biology of human alveolar stem/progenitor cells, and could lead to future therapeutic or pharmacological intervention in patients suffering from end-stage lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly V. Evans
- Wellcome – MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Joo‐Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome – MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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