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Farooqi T, Bhuyan DJ, Low M, Sinclair J, Leonardi M, Armour M. Cannabis and Endometriosis: The Roles of the Gut Microbiota and the Endocannabinoid System. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7071. [PMID: 38002684 PMCID: PMC10671947 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis, a chronic condition affecting around 10-14% of women, is challenging to manage, due to its complex pathogenesis and limited treatment options. Research has suggested a potential role of the gut microbiota and the endocannabinoid system in the development and progression of endometriosis. This narrative review aims to explore the role of, and any potential interactions between, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and the gut microbiota in endometriosis. This review found that both the ECS and microbiota influence endometriosis, with the former regulating inflammation and pain perception and the latter influencing immune responses and hormonal balance. There is evidence that a dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system and the gut microbiota influence endometriosis symptoms and progression via changes in CB1 receptor expression and increased circulating levels of endocannabinoids. Microbial imbalances in the gut, such as increases in Prevotella, have been directly correlated to increased bloating, a common endometriosis symptom, while increases in E. coli have supported the bacterial contamination hypothesis as a potential pathway for endometriosis pathogenesis. These microbial imbalances have been correlated with increases in inflammatory markers such as TNF-α and IL-6, both often raised in those with endometriosis. Protective effects of the ECS on the gut were observed by increases in endocannabinoids, including 2-AG, resulting in decreased inflammation and improved gut permeability. Given these findings, both the ECS and the gut microbiota may be targets for therapeutic interventions for endometriosis; however, clinical studies are required to determine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toobah Farooqi
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, Australia; (T.F.); (D.J.B.); (M.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, Australia; (T.F.); (D.J.B.); (M.L.); (J.S.)
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, Australia
| | - Mitchell Low
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, Australia; (T.F.); (D.J.B.); (M.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Justin Sinclair
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, Australia; (T.F.); (D.J.B.); (M.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Mathew Leonardi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada;
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5006, Australia
| | - Mike Armour
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, Australia; (T.F.); (D.J.B.); (M.L.); (J.S.)
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, Australia
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, P.O. Box 7902, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
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Hoseinifar SH, Maradonna F, Faheem M, Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Ringø E, Van Doan H, Ashouri G, Gioacchini G, Carnevali O. Sustainable Ornamental Fish Aquaculture: The Implication of Microbial Feed Additives. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101583. [PMID: 37238012 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ornamental fish trade represents an important economic sector with an export turnover that reached approximately 5 billion US dollars in 2018. Despite its high economic importance, this sector does not receive much attention. Ornamental fish husbandry still faces many challenges and losses caused by transport stress and handling and outbreak of diseases are still to be improved. This review will provide insights on ornamental fish diseases along with the measures used to avoid or limit their onset. Moreover, this review will discuss the role of different natural and sustainable microbial feed additives, particularly probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the health, reduction in transport stress, growth, and reproduction of farmed ornamental fish. Most importantly, this review aims to fill the informational gaps existing in advanced and sustainable practices in the ornamental fish production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-43464, Iran
| | - Francesca Maradonna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mehwish Faheem
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti 621007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ghasem Ashouri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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A Window of Vulnerability: Chronic Environmental Stress Does Not Impair Reproduction in the Swordfish Xiphias gladius. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020269. [PMID: 36670809 PMCID: PMC9854923 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Xiphias gladius is an important fishing resource. The Mediterranean stock is affected by overfishing and is declining. In this light, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-talk among metabolism, stress response, immune system and reproduction in immature and mature females, coupling histological and transcriptomic approaches. The transcriptome of livers from 3 immature and 3 mature females was analyzed using the Artificial Intelligence RNA-Seq. For the histological analysis, ovary and liver samples were collected from 50 specimens caught during the reproductive season in the Mediterranean Sea. A total of 750 genes were differentially expressed between the livers. The gene ontologtabey analysis showed 91 upregulated and 161 downregulated biological process GO terms. Instead, the KEGG enrichment analysis revealed 15 enriched pathways. Furthermore, the binding occurring between estrogen receptors and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, upregulated in mature females, could be liable for the inhibition of detoxification pathway. Indeed, at the histological level, mature females showed a higher density and number of melanomacrophage centers, biomarkers of stress. The present findings reveal the cross-talk among response to environmental stressors, metabolism and reproduction, highlighting that mature females invest a lot of energy in reproduction instead of immune response and detoxification.
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Nandi SK, Basu S, Bhattacharjya A, Ghosh RD, Bose CK, Mukhopadhyay S, Bhattacharya R. Interplay of gut microbiome, fatty acids and the endocannabinoid system in regulating development, progression, immunomodulation and chemoresistance of cancer. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum KGC1601 Isolated from Panax ginseng and Its Probiotic Characteristics. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121707. [PMID: 35741904 PMCID: PMC9223077 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential probiotic properties of Limosilactobacillus fermentum KGC1601 isolated from Panax ginseng. Ginseng cultivated in an experimental field of the Korea Ginseng Research Institute was fermented, followed by single colony selection from MRS agar. We performed 16s-rRNA sequencing and whole-genome analysis to identify L. fermentum and evaluate the biosafety parameters of this strain, respectively. We confirmed this strain was susceptible to six antibiotics, as proposed by the European Food Safety Authority, did not produce biogenic amines, and did not exhibit any hemolytic activity. Acid resistance and bile salt tolerance, which are essential properties of a probiotic agent, were investigated. Notably, distinguishing properties of this strain were that it exhibited excellent bile salt tolerance and anti-inflammatory effects. The excellent bile salt tolerance was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Through qRT-PCR and ELISA studies, it was revealed that L. fermentum KGC1601 pre-treatment up-regulates anti-inflammatory cytokines and down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells. Consequently, we suggested that L. fermentum KGC1601 can be safely used as a potential anti-inflammatory functional probiotic agent.
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Coccurello R, Marrone MC, Maccarrone M. The Endocannabinoids-Microbiota Partnership in Gut-Brain Axis Homeostasis: Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:869606. [PMID: 35721203 PMCID: PMC9204215 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.869606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest years have witnessed a growing interest towards the relationship between neuropsychiatric disease in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and severe alterations in gut microbiota composition. In parallel, an increasing literature has focused the attention towards the association between derangement of the endocannabinoids machinery and some mechanisms and symptoms identified in ASD pathophysiology, such as alteration of neural development, immune system dysfunction, defective social interaction and stereotypic behavior. In this narrative review, we put together the vast ground of endocannabinoids and their partnership with gut microbiota, pursuing the hypothesis that the crosstalk between these two complex homeostatic systems (bioactive lipid mediators, receptors, biosynthetic and hydrolytic enzymes and the entire bacterial gut ecosystem, signaling molecules, metabolites and short chain fatty acids) may disclose new ideas and functional connections for the development of synergic treatments combining “gut-therapy,” nutritional intervention and pharmacological approaches. The two separate domains of the literature have been examined looking for all the plausible (and so far known) overlapping points, describing the mutual changes induced by acting either on the endocannabinoid system or on gut bacteria population and their relevance for the understanding of ASD pathophysiology. Both human pathology and symptoms relief in ASD subjects, as well as multiple ASD-like animal models, have been taken into consideration in order to provide evidence of the relevance of the endocannabinoids-microbiota crosstalk in this major neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Coccurello
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC), National Council of Research (CNR), Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Coccurello, ; Mauro Maccarrone,
| | - Maria Cristina Marrone
- Ministry of University and Research, Mission Unity for Recovery and Resilience Plan, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical and Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Coccurello, ; Mauro Maccarrone,
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Hieu DQ, Hang BTB, Lokesh J, Garigliany MM, Huong DTT, Yen DT, Liem PT, Tam BM, Hai DM, Son VN, Phuong NT, Farnir F, Kestemont P. Salinity significantly affects intestinal microbiota and gene expression in striped catfish juveniles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3245-3264. [PMID: 35366085 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, juvenile striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), a freshwater fish species, have been chronically exposed to a salinity gradient from freshwater to 20 psu (practical salinity unit) and were sampled at the beginning (D20) and the end (D34) of exposure. The results revealed that the intestinal microbial profile of striped catfish reared in freshwater conditions were dominated by the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Alpha diversity measures (observed OTUs (operational taxonomic units), Shannon and Faith's PD (phylogenetic diversity)) showed a decreasing pattern as the salinities increased, except for the phylogenetic diversity at D34, which was showing an opposite trend. Furthermore, the beta diversity between groups was significantly different. Vibrio and Akkermansia genera were affected differentially with increasing salinity, the former being increased while the latter was decreased. The genus Sulfurospirillium was found predominantly in fish submitted to salinity treatments. Regarding the host response, the fish intestine likely contributed to osmoregulation by modifying the expression of osmoregulatory genes such as nka1a, nka1b, slc12a1, slc12a2, cftr, and aqp1, especially in fish exposed to 15 and 20 psu. The expression of heat shock proteins (hsp) hsp60, hsp70, and hsp90 was significantly increased in fish reared in 15 and 20 psu. On the other hand, the expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) were inhibited in fish exposed to 20 psu at D20. In conclusion, the fish intestinal microbiota was significantly disrupted in salinities higher than 10 psu and these effects were proportional to the exposure time. In addition, the modifications of intestinal gene expression related to ion exchange and stressful responses may help the fish to adapt hyperosmotic environment. KEY POINTS: • It is the first study to provide detailed information on the gut microbiota of fish using the amplicon sequencing method. • Salinity environment significantly modified the intestinal microbiota of striped catfish. • Intestinal responses may help the fish adapt to hyperosmotic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Quang Hieu
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Life Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Bui Thi Bich Hang
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Jep Lokesh
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, Saint-Pee-sur-Nivelle, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NuMéA, France
| | - Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Do Thi Thanh Huong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thuy Yen
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thanh Liem
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Bui Minh Tam
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Dao Minh Hai
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Vo Nam Son
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Phuong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Frédéric Farnir
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Life Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
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8
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Vijay A, Kouraki A, Gohir S, Turnbull J, Kelly A, Chapman V, Barrett DA, Bulsiewicz WJ, Valdes AM. The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1997559. [PMID: 34787065 PMCID: PMC8604388 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1997559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (EC) system has pleiotropic functions in the body. It plays a key role in energy homeostasis and the development of metabolic disorders being a mediator in the relationship between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. In the current study we explore the functional interactions between the endocannabinoid system and the gut microbiome in modulating inflammatory markers. Using data from a 6 week exercise intervention (treatment n = 38 control n = 40) and a cross sectional validation cohort (n = 35), we measured the associations of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) with gut microbiome composition, gut derived metabolites (SCFAs) and inflammatory markers both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. At baseline AEA and OEA were positively associated with alpha diversity (β(SE) = .32 (.06), P = .002; .44 (.04), P < .001) and with SCFA producing bacteria such as Bifidobacterium (2-AG β(SE) = .21 (.10), P < .01; PEA β(SE) = .23 (.08), P < .01), Coprococcus 3 and Faecalibacterium (PEA β(SE) = .29 (.11), P = .01; .25 (.09), P < .01) and negatively associated with Collinsella (AEA β(SE) = -.31 (.12), P = .004). Additionally, we found AEA to be positively associated with SCFA Butyrate (β(SE) = .34 (.15), P = .01). AEA, OEA and PEA all increased significantly with the exercise intervention but remained constant in the control group. Changes in AEA correlated with SCFA butyrate and increases in AEA and PEA correlated with decreases in TNF-ɑ and IL-6 statistically mediating one third of the effect of SCFAs on these cytokines. Our data show that the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs are partly mediated by the EC system suggesting that there may be other pathways involved in the modulation of the immune system via the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Vijay
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,CONTACT Amrita Vijay Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Afroditi Kouraki
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Nihr Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sameer Gohir
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Nihr Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James Turnbull
- Nihr Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Arthritis Research Uk Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anthony Kelly
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Nihr Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vicky Chapman
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Arthritis Research Uk Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - David A Barrett
- Nihr Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,DAB-Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Ana M Valdes
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Nihr Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Khan RN, Maner-Smith K, A. Owens J, Barbian ME, Jones RM, R. Naudin C. At the heart of microbial conversations: endocannabinoids and the microbiome in cardiometabolic risk. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-21. [PMID: 33896380 PMCID: PMC8078674 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1911572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic syndrome encompasses intertwined risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, elevated triglycerides, abdominal obesity, and other maladaptive metabolic and inflammatory aberrations. As the molecular mechanisms linking cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders are investigated, endocannabinoids have emerged as molecules of interest. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) of biologically active lipids has been implicated in several conditions, including chronic liver disease, osteoporosis, and more recently in cardiovascular diseases. The gut microbiome is a major regulator of inflammatory and metabolic signaling in the host, and if disrupted, has the potential to drive metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Extensive studies have unraveled the impact of the gut microbiome on host physiology, with recent reports showing that gut microbes exquisitely control the ECS, with significant influences on host metabolic and cardiac health. In this review, we outline how modulation of the gut microbiome affects host metabolism and cardiovascular health via the ECS, and how these findings could be exploited as novel therapeutic targets for various metabolic and cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Nabihah Khan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kristal Maner-Smith
- Emory Integrated Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua A. Owens
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria Estefania Barbian
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rheinallt M. Jones
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Crystal R. Naudin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,CONTACT Crystal R. Naudin Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA30322, United States of America
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Ellis RJ, Wilson N, Peterson S. Cannabis and Inflammation in HIV: A Review of Human and Animal Studies. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081521. [PMID: 34452386 PMCID: PMC8402692 DOI: 10.3390/v13081521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammation occurs in people with HIV (PWH) and has many downstream adverse effects including myocardial infarction, neurocognitive impairment and death. Because the proportion of people with HIV who use cannabis is high and cannabis may be anti-inflammatory, it is important to characterize the impact of cannabis use on inflammation specifically in PWH. We performed a selective, non-exhaustive review of the literature on the effects of cannabis on inflammation in PWH. Research in this area suggests that cannabinoids are anti-inflammatory in the setting of HIV. Anti-inflammatory actions are mediated in many cases through effects on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the gut, and through stabilization of gut–blood barrier integrity. Cannabidiol may be particularly important as an anti-inflammatory cannabinoid. Cannabis may provide a beneficial intervention to reduce morbidity related to inflammation in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J. Ellis
- Departments of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, UCSD HNRC, Mail Code 8231 220 Dickinson Street, Suite B, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalie Wilson
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 316, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Scott Peterson
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
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Probiotic Bacteria with High Alpha-Gal Content Protect Zebrafish against Mycobacteriosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070635. [PMID: 34208966 PMCID: PMC8308674 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis affects wild fish and aquaculture worldwide, and alternatives to antibiotics are needed for an effective and environmentally sound control of infectious diseases. Probiotics have shown beneficial effects on fish growth, nutrient metabolism, immune responses, disease prevention and control, and gut microbiota with higher water quality. However, the identification and characterization of the molecules and mechanisms associated with probiotics is a challenge that requires investigation. To address this challenge, herein we used the zebrafish model for the study of the efficacy and mechanisms of probiotic interventions against tuberculosis. First, bacteria from fish gut microbiota were identified with high content of the surface glycotope Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) that has been shown to induce protective immune responses. The results showed that probiotics of selected bacteria with high α-Gal content, namely Aeromonas veronii and Pseudomonas entomophila, were biosafe and effective for the control of Mycobacterium marinum. Protective mechanisms regulating immunity and metabolism activated in response to α-Gal and probiotics with high α-Gal content included modification of gut microbiota composition, B-cell maturation, anti-α-Gal antibodies-mediated control of mycobacteria, induced innate immune responses, beneficial effects on nutrient metabolism and reduced oxidative stress. These results support the potential of probiotics with high -Gal content for the control of fish mycobacteriosis and suggested the possibility of exploring the development of combined probiotic treatments alone and in combination with -Gal for the control of infectious diseases.
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12
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Wilson NL, Peterson SN, Ellis RJ. Cannabis and the Gut-Brain Axis Communication in HIV Infection. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2021; 6:92-104. [PMID: 33912676 PMCID: PMC8064951 DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV infection (PWH) disclose that cannabis is an effective strategy for alleviating symptoms associated with HIV disease. However, some medical providers feel ill-informed to engage in evidence-based conversations. HIV leads to alterations in the gut microbiome, gut-brain axis signaling, and chronic inflammation. The endocannabinoid system regulates homeostasis of multiple organ systems. When deficient, dysregulation of the gut-brain axis can result in chronic inflammation and neuroinflammation. Cannabis along with the naturally occurring endocannabinoids has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can support healing and restoration as an adjunctive therapy. The purpose of this literature review is to report the physiologic mechanisms that occur in the pathology of HIV and discuss potential benefits of cannabinoids in supporting health and reducing the negative effects of comorbidities in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Wilson
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Scott N. Peterson
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ronald J. Ellis
- Departments of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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13
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Esposito G, Pesce M, Seguella L, Lu J, Corpetti C, Del Re A, De Palma FDE, Esposito G, Sanseverino W, Sarnelli G. Engineered Lactobacillus paracasei Producing Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) Prevents Colitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062945. [PMID: 33799405 PMCID: PMC7999950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an N-acylethanolamide produced on-demand by the enzyme N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-preferring phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). Being a key member of the larger family of bioactive autacoid local injury antagonist amides (ALIAmides), PEA significantly improves the clinical and histopathological stigmata in models of ulcerative colitis (UC). Despite its safety profile, high PEA doses are required in vivo to exert its therapeutic activity; therefore, PEA has been tested only in animals or human biopsy samples, to date. To overcome these limitations, we developed an NAPE-PLD-expressing Lactobacillus paracasei F19 (pNAPE-LP), able to produce PEA under the boost of ultra-low palmitate supply, and investigated its therapeutic potential in a murine model of UC. The coadministration of pNAPE-LP and palmitate led to a time-dependent release of PEA, resulting in a significant amelioration of the clinical and histological damage score, with a significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration, lower expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers, and a markedly improved epithelial barrier integrity. We concluded that pNAPE-LP with ultra-low palmitate supply stands as a new method to increase the in situ intestinal delivery of PEA and as a new therapeutic able of controlling intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.E.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.)
- Nextbiomics S.R.L., 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.E.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning 110122, China;
| | - Chiara Corpetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.E.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Alessandro Del Re
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.E.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a r.l., Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.E.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.)
- Nextbiomics S.R.L., 80100 Naples, Italy;
- UNESCO Chair Staff Member, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0817463488
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14
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Targeting the endocannabinoid system with microbial interventions to improve gut integrity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110169. [PMID: 33186639 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is a metabolic pathway involved in the communication between the gut microbiota and the host. In the gut, the endocannabinoid system regulates the integrity of the intestinal barrier. A compromised integrity of the intestinal barrier is associated with several disorders such as inflammatory bowel disorder, obesity and major depressive disorder. Decreasing the integrity of the intestinal barrier results in an increased translocation of bacterial metabolites, including lipopolysaccharides, across the epithelial layer of the gut, causing the subsequent inflammation. Targeting the endocannabinoid system in the gut can improve the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Currently, microbial interventions in the form of probiotics are under investigation for the treatment of diseases related to a compromised integrity of the intestinal barrier. However, the role of the endocannabinoid system in the gut is ambiguous since activity of the endocannabinoid system is increased in obesity and decreased in inflammatory bowel disease, emphasizing the need for development of personalized microbial interventions. This review discusses the role of the endocannabinoid system in regulating the gut barrier integrity and highlights current efforts to develop new endocannabinoid-targeted microbial interventions.
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15
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Garcia-Gonzalez N, Prete R, Perugini M, Merola C, Battista N, Corsetti A. Probiotic antigenotoxic activity as a DNA bioprotective tool: a minireview with focus on endocrine disruptors. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:5775479. [PMID: 32124914 PMCID: PMC7082702 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the interest in the role of dietary components able to influence the composition and the activity of the intestinal microbiota and, consequently, to modulate the risk of genotoxicity and colon cancer is increasing in the scientific community. Within this topic, the microbial ability to have a protective role at gastrointestinal level by counteracting the biological activity of genotoxic compounds, and thus preventing the DNA damage, is deemed important in reducing gut pathologies and is considered a new tool for probiotics and functional foods. A variety of genotoxic compounds can be found in the gut and, besides food-related mutagens and other DNA-reacting compounds, there is a group of pollutants commonly used in food packaging and/or in thousands of everyday products called endocrine disruptors (EDs). EDs are exogenous substances that alter the functions of the endocrine system through estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity, which interfere with normal hormonal function in human and wildlife. Thus, this paper summarizes the main applications of probiotics, mainly lactobacilli, as a bio-protective tool to counteract genotoxic and mutagenic agents, by biologically inhibiting the related DNA damage in the gut and highlights the emerging perspectives to enlarge and further investigate the microbial bio-protective role at intestinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberta Prete
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Monia Perugini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Carmine Merola
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Natalia Battista
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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16
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Anti-adipogenic effect of Lactobacillus fermentum MG4231 and MG4244 through AMPK pathway in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1541-1551. [PMID: 33088603 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-adipogenic effects and mechanisms underlying the action of Lactobacillus fermentum MG4231 and MG4244 strains on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Treatment with cell-free extracts (CFEs) from the two strains reduced lipid accumulation and intracellular triglyceride production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by more than 50%. The inhibitory effects of L. fermentum on lipid accumulation were mediated by the downregulation of FAS and aP2 resulting from the inhibition of PPARγ and C/EBPα gene expression. Moreover, AMPK and HSL phosphorylation was upregulated by CFE treatment. These results indicated that the anti-adipogenic and lipolysis activities of L. fermentum strains were caused by increased AMPK and HSL phosphorylation. Both strains displayed high leucine arylamidase and β-galactosidase enzymatic activity, with excellent adhesion to epithelial cells. Therefore, we identified L. fermentum as potential new probiotics for the prevention of obesity.
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17
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Castonguay-Paradis S, Lacroix S, Rochefort G, Parent L, Perron J, Martin C, Lamarche B, Raymond F, Flamand N, Di Marzo V, Veilleux A. Dietary fatty acid intake and gut microbiota determine circulating endocannabinoidome signaling beyond the effect of body fat. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15975. [PMID: 32994521 PMCID: PMC7524791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoidome encompasses several fatty acid (FA)-derived mediators, including the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), which served as targets for anti-obesity drug development, and their congener N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and 2-monoacyl-glycerols (2‑MAGs), which are involved in food intake and energy metabolism. Body weight and fat distribution have been suggested as determinants of peripheral endocannabinoid levels. We aimed at investigating factors, beyond body fat composition, that are associated with circulating NAE and 2-MAG levels in a heterogeneous human population. Plasma NAEs and 2-MAGs were measured using LC–MS/MS in a cross-sectional sample of healthy men and women (n = 195) covering a wide range of BMI and individuals before and after a 2-day Mediterranean diet (n = 21). Circulating levels of all 2-MAGs and NAEs, other than N-oleoyl-ethanolamine (OEA), correlated with body fat mass and visceral adipose tissue (0.26 < r < 0.54). NAE levels were elevated in individuals with elevated fat mass, while 2-MAGs were increased in individuals with predominantly visceral body fat distribution. Dietary intakes of specific FAs were associated with 2-AG and omega-3-FA-derived NAEs or 2-MAGs, irrespective of the body fat distribution. Some gut bacterial families (e.g. Veillonellaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Akkermansiaceae) were associated with variations in most NAEs or omega-3-FA-derived 2‑MAGs, independently of fat mass and dietary FA intake. Finally, a 2-day Mediterranean diet intervention increased circulating levels of NAEs and 2-MAGs in agreement with changes in FA intake (p < 0.01). Self-reported intake and short-term dietary intervention increased in oleic acid and EPA and DHA intake as well as certain gut microbiota taxa are associated to circulating NAEs and 2‑MAGs independently of adiposity measures, thus highlighting the potential importance of these variables in determining endocannabinoidome signaling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Castonguay-Paradis
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Lacroix
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Rochefort
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lydiane Parent
- École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Perron
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cyril Martin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Joint International Unit on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Veilleux
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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18
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Piscitelli F, Silvestri C. Role of the Endocannabinoidome in Human and Mouse Atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3147-3164. [PMID: 31448709 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190826162735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Endocannabinoid (eCB) system and its role in many physiological and pathological conditions is well described and accepted, and includes cardiovascular disorders. However, the eCB system has been expanded to an "-ome"; the endocannabinoidome (eCBome) that includes endocannabinoid-related mediators, their protein targets and metabolic enzymes, many of which significantly impact upon cardiometabolic health. These recent discoveries are here summarized with a special focus on their potential involvement in atherosclerosis. We described the role of classical components of the eCB system (eCBs, CB1 and CB2 receptors) and eCB-related lipids, their regulatory enzymes and molecular targets in atherosclerosis. Furthermore, since increasing evidence points to significant cross-talk between the eCBome and the gut microbiome and the gut microbiome and atherosclerosis, we explore the possibility that a gut microbiome - eCBome axis has potential implications in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Council of Research, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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19
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López Nadal A, Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Sipkema D, Peggs D, McGurk C, Forlenza M, Wiegertjes GF, Brugman S. Feed, Microbiota, and Gut Immunity: Using the Zebrafish Model to Understand Fish Health. Front Immunol 2020; 11:114. [PMID: 32117265 PMCID: PMC7014991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquafeed companies aim to provide solutions to the various challenges related to nutrition and health in aquaculture. Solutions to promote feed efficiency and growth, as well as improving the fish health or protect the fish gut from inflammation may include dietary additives such as prebiotics and probiotics. The general assumption is that feed additives can alter the fish microbiota which, in turn, interacts with the host immune system. However, the exact mechanisms by which feed influences host-microbe-immune interactions in fish still remain largely unexplored. Zebrafish rapidly have become a well-recognized animal model to study host-microbe-immune interactions because of the diverse set of research tools available for these small cyprinids. Genome editing technologies can create specific gene-deficient zebrafish that may contribute to our understanding of immune functions. Zebrafish larvae are optically transparent, which allows for in vivo imaging of specific (immune) cell populations in whole transgenic organisms. Germ-free individuals can be reared to study host-microbe interactions. Altogether, these unique zebrafish features may help shed light on the mechanisms by which feed influences host-microbe-immune interactions and ultimately fish health. In this review, we first describe the anatomy and function of the zebrafish gut: the main surface where feed influences host-microbe-immune interactions. Then, we further describe what is currently known about the molecular pathways that underlie this interaction in the zebrafish gut. Finally, we summarize and critically review most of the recent research on prebiotics and probiotics in relation to alterations of zebrafish microbiota and immune responses. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the zebrafish as an animal model for other fish species to study feed effects on host-microbe-immune interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià López Nadal
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo
- Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - David Peggs
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Charles McGurk
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Brugman
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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20
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Rossi G, Gioacchini G, Pengo G, Suchodolski JS, Jergens AE, Allenspach K, Gavazza A, Scarpona S, Berardi S, Galosi L, Bassotti G, Cerquetella M. Enterocolic increase of cannabinoid receptor type 1 and type 2 and clinical improvement after probiotic administration in dogs with chronic signs of colonic dysmotility without mucosal inflammatory changes. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13717. [PMID: 31495983 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonic dysmotility in dogs can cause different GI signs. Sometimes, histology of enterocolic biopsies does not reveal inflammatory infiltrates or mucosal lesions that are typically associated with clinical disease activity. It is speculated that, similarly to humans, colonic dysmotility may be anxiety-based, although recent data demonstrate that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) could result from acute infectious enteritis. Specific Lactobacillus spp. strains administered orally in humans induced the expression of μ-opioid and cannabinoid receptors in mucosal enterocytes, modulating intestinal morphine-like analgesic functions. We investigated the potential association of GI signs caused by colonic dysmotility and mucosal expression of cannabinoid receptors in intestinal epithelial cells and the number of mucosal mast cells. METHODS Ten to 15 endoscopic biopsies were collected from colonic mucosa of 20 dogs diagnosed with dysmotility disturbances before and after probiotic (Slab51 bacterial blend; Sivoy® ) administration (3-month period). Number and distribution of mast cells (MCs), and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Results were compared to data obtained from five clinically healthy dogs (archive samples). KEY RESULTS Decreased numbers of MCs (P < .0001) and increased CB1- and CB2-positive epithelial cells (P < .0001) in diseased dogs were positively associated with post-treatment CCECAI scores (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Our results suggest that probiotic administration can reduce signs of colonic dysmotility, possibly due to microbiota modulation and epithelial cell receptor-mediated signaling in intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Silvia Scarpona
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
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21
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Khursheed R, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Kapoor B, Gulati M, Kumar R, Ramanunny AK, Awasthi A, Dua K. Treatment strategies against diabetes: Success so far and challenges ahead. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Gioacchini G, Marisaldi L, Basili D, Candelma M, Pignalosa P, Aiese Cigliano R, Sanseverino W, Hardiman G, Carnevali O. A de novo transcriptome assembly approach elucidates the dynamics of ovarian maturation in the swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Sci Rep 2019; 9:7375. [PMID: 31089194 PMCID: PMC6517582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean swordfish (Xiphias gladius) has been recently classified as overfished and in 2016, the International Commission for the Conservation of the Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) established a multi-annual management plan to recover this stock. To successfully achieve this goal, knowledge about swordfish biology is needed. To date, few studies on swordfish have been performed and none of them has provided useful insights into the reproductive biology at molecular level. Here we set to characterise the molecular dynamics underlying ovarian maturation by employing a de novo transcriptome assembly approach. Differential gene expression analysis in mature and immature ovaries identified a number of differentially expressed genes associated with biological processes driving ovarian maturation. Focusing on ovarian steroidogenesis and vitellogenin uptake, we depict the molecular dynamics characterizing these processes while a phylogenetic analysis let us identify a candidate vitellogenin receptor. This is the first swordfish transcriptome assembly and these findings provide in-depth understanding of molecular processes describing ovarian maturation. Moreover, the establishment of a publicly available database containing information on the swordfish transcriptome aims to boost research on this species with the long-term of developing more comprehensive and successful stock management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Gioacchini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DISVA), Marche Polytechnic University (UNIVPM), 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Marisaldi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DISVA), Marche Polytechnic University (UNIVPM), 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Danilo Basili
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DISVA), Marche Polytechnic University (UNIVPM), 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michela Candelma
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DISVA), Marche Polytechnic University (UNIVPM), 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gary Hardiman
- School of Biological Sciences & Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, BT9 5AG, Belfast, UK
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DISVA), Marche Polytechnic University (UNIVPM), 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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23
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Quan Y, Gong L, He J, Zhou Y, Liu M, Cao Z, Li Y, Peng C. Aloe emodin induces hepatotoxicity by activating NF-κB inflammatory pathway and P53 apoptosis pathway in zebrafish. Toxicol Lett 2019; 306:66-79. [PMID: 30771440 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatotoxic effect and its underlying mechanism of aloe emodin (AE). AE was docked with the targets of NF-κB inflammatory pathway and P53 apoptosis pathway respectively by using molecular docking technique. To verify the results of molecular docking and further investigate the hepatotoxicity mechanism of AE, the zebrafish Tg (fabp10: EGFP) was used as an animal model in vivo. The pathological sections of zebrafish liver were analyzed to observe the histopathological changes and Sudan black B was used to study whether there were inflammatory reactions in zebrafish liver or not. Then TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect the apoptotic signal of zebrafish liver cells, finally the mRNA expression levels as well as the protein expression levels of the targets in NF-κB and P53 pathways in zebrafish were measured by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Molecular docking results showed that AE could successfully dock with all the targets of NF-κB and P53 pathways, and the docking scores of most of the targets were equal to or higher than that of the corresponding ligands. Pathological sections showed AE could cause zebrafish liver lesions and the result of Sudan black B staining revealed that AE blackened the liver of zebrafish with Sudan black B. Then TUNEL assay showed that a large number of dense apoptotic signals were observed in AE group, mainly distributed in the liver and yolk sac of zebrafish. The results of qRT-PCR and western blot showed that AE increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic targets in NF-κB and P53 pathways. AE could activate the NF-κB inflammatory pathway and the P53 apoptosis pathway, and its hepatotoxic mechanism was related to activation of NF-κB-P53 inflammation-apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Quan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Junlin He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yimeng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meichen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhixing Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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24
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Gioacchini G, Ciani E, Pessina A, Cecchini C, Silvi S, Rodiles A, Merrifield DL, Olivotto I, Carnevali O. Effects of Lactogen 13, a New Probiotic Preparation, on Gut Microbiota and Endocrine Signals Controlling Growth and Appetite of Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:1063-1074. [PMID: 29616281 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus was used as experimental model to study the molecular effects of a new probiotic preparation, Lactogen 13 (Lactobacillus rhamnosus IMC 501® encapsulated with vegetable fat matrices by spray chilling and further indicated as probiotic microgranules), on growth and appetite during larval development. Probiotic microgranules were administered for 30 days to tilapia larvae starting from first feeding. Molecular analysis using high-throughput sequencing revealed that the probiotic could populate the gastrointestinal tract and modulate the microbial communities by significantly increasing the proportion of Lactobacillus as well as reducing the proportion of potential pathogens such as members of the Family Microbacteriaceae, Legionellaceae, and Weeksellaceae. Morphometric analysis evidenced that body weight and total length significantly increased after probiotic treatment. This increase coincided with the modulation of genes belonging to the insulin-like growth factors (igfs) system and genes involved on myogenesis, such as myogenin, and myogenic differentiation (myod). Alongside the improvement of growth, an increase of feed intake was evidenced at 40 days post-fertilization (dpf) in treated larvae. Gene codifying for signals belonging to the most prominent systems involved in appetite regulation, such as neuropeptide y (npy), agouti-related protein (agrp), leptin, and ghrelin were significantly modulated. These results support the hypothesis that gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota changes due to probiotic administration modulate growth and appetite control, activating the endocrine system of tilapia larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Gioacchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elia Ciani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Pessina
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cecchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Silvi
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Ana Rodiles
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health Research Group, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Daniel L Merrifield
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health Research Group, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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25
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Pesce M, Esposito G, Sarnelli G. Endocannabinoids in the treatment of gasytrointestinal inflammation and symptoms. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 43:81-86. [PMID: 30218940 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The evolving policies regarding the use of therapeutic Cannabis have steadily increased the public interest in its use as a complementary and alternative medicine in several disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Endocannabinoids represent both an appealing therapeutic strategy and a captivating scientific dilemma. Results from clinical trials have to be carefully interpreted owing to possible reporting-biases related to cannabinoids psychotropic effects. Moreover, discriminating between symptomatic improvement and the real gain on the underlying inflammatory process is often challenging. This review summarizes the advances and latest discovery in this ever-changing field of investigation, highlighting the main limitations in the current use of these drugs in clinical practice and the possible future perspectives to overcome these flaws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy; GI Physiology Unit, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, `Vittorio Erspamer', La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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26
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Chen L, Hu C, Lok-Shun Lai N, Zhang W, Hua J, Lam PKS, Lam JCW, Zhou B. Acute exposure to PBDEs at an environmentally realistic concentration causes abrupt changes in the gut microbiota and host health of zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:17-26. [PMID: 29729565 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contamination from lower brominated PBDEs is ubiquitous in the environments. However, their effects on gut microbiota and intestinal health have not yet been investigated. This study exposed adult zebrafish to an environmentally realistic concentration of pentaBDE mixture (DE-71) at 5.0 ng/L for 7 days, after which metagenomic sequencing of the intestinal microbiome was conducted and host physiological activities in the intestine and liver were also examined. The results showed that acute exposure to DE-71 significantly shifted the gut microbial community in a sex-specific manner. Certain genera (e.g., Mycoplasma, Ruminiclostridium, unclassified Firmicutes sensu stricto, and Fusobacterium) disappeared from the DE-71-exposed intestines, resulting in decreased bacterial diversity. Bacterial metabolic functions in guts were also affected by DE-71, namely those covering energy metabolism, virulence, respiration, cell division, cell signaling, and stress response. In addition, measurement of diverse sensitive biomarkers showed that the health of male intestines was remarkably compromised by the DE-71 exposure, as indicated by the disruption to its neural signaling (serotonin), epithelial barrier integrity (tight junction protein 2), inflammatory response (interleukin 1β), oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity, as well as detoxifying potential (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity). However, female intestines maintained intact physiological activities. Compared to the direct impact on intestines, a latent effect of DE-71 was observed in livers. Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that the gut bacteria vigorously interacted to establish the fittest community under DE-71 stress by promoting the reproduction of favorable genera, while diminishing the survival of unfavorable ones. Significant correlations between the zebrafish gut microbiota and physiological activities (e.g., oxidative stress, detoxification, neurotransmission, and epithelial integrity) were also observed. Overall, this study has demonstrated, for the first time, the high susceptibility of gut microbiota and intestinal health of zebrafish to DE-71, thus warranting more work to reveal its mode of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Nelson Lok-Shun Lai
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianghuan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - James C W Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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27
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de Abreu MS, Giacomini ACVV, Zanandrea R, Dos Santos BE, Genario R, de Oliveira GG, Friend AJ, Amstislavskaya TG, Kalueff AV. Psychoneuroimmunology and immunopsychiatry of zebrafish. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 92:1-12. [PMID: 29609110 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of neural and immune disorders, their etiology and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. As the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly utilized as a powerful model organism in biomedical research, mounting evidence suggests these fish as a useful tool to study neural and immune mechanisms and their interplay. Here, we discuss zebrafish neuro-immune mechanisms and their pharmacological and genetic modulation, the effect of stress on cytokines, as well as relevant models of microbiota-brain interplay. As many human brain diseases are based on complex interplay between the neural and the immune system, here we discuss zebrafish models, as well as recent successes and challenges, in this rapidly expanding field. We particularly emphasize the growing utility of zebrafish models in translational immunopsychiatry research, as they improve our understanding of pathogenetic neuro-immune interactions, thereby fostering future discovery of potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Ana C V V Giacomini
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Zanandrea
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna E Dos Santos
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Genario
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ashton J Friend
- Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine SB RAS, and Department of Neuroscience, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, USA; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Pesochny, Russia; Laboratory of Translational Biopsychiatry, Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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28
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Garcia-Reyero N. The clandestine organs of the endocrine system. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 257:264-271. [PMID: 28822775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review analyzes what could be regarded as the "clandestine organs" of the endocrine system: the gut microbiome, the immune system, and the stress system. The immune system is very closely related to the endocrine system, with many intertwined processes and signals. Many researchers now consider the microbiome as an 'organ' that affects the organism at many different levels. While stress is certainly not an organ, it affects so many processes, including endocrine-related processes, that the stress response system deserved a special section in this review. Understanding the connections, effects, and feedback mechanisms between the different "clandestine organs" and the endocrine system will provide us with a better understanding of how an organism functions, as well as reinforce the idea that there are no independent organs or systems, but a complex, interacting network of molecules, cells, tissues, signaling pathways, and mechanisms that constitute an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, United States.
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