1
|
Pena-Leon V, Perez-Lois R, Villalon M, Prida E, Muñoz-Moreno D, Fernø J, Quiñones M, Al-Massadi O, Seoane LM. Novel mechanisms involved in leptin sensitization in obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116129. [PMID: 38490517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone that is secreted by adipocytes in proportion to adipose tissue size, and that informs the brain about the energy status of the body. Leptin acts through its receptor LepRb, expressed mainly in the hypothalamus, and induces a negative energy balance by potent inhibition of feeding and activation of energy expenditure. These actions have led to huge expectations for the development of therapeutic targets for metabolic complications based on leptin-derived compounds. However, the majority of patients with obesity presents elevated leptin production, suggesting that in this setting leptin is ineffective in the regulation of energy balance. This resistance to the action of leptin in obesity has led to the development of "leptin sensitizers," which have been tested in preclinical studies. Much research has focused on generating combined treatments that act on multiple levels of the gastrointestinal-brain axis. The gastrointestinal-brain axis secretes a variety of different anorexigenic signals, such as uroguanylin, glucagon-like peptide-1, amylin, or cholecystokinin, which can alleviate the resistance to leptin action. Moreover, alternative mechanism such as pharmacokinetics, proteostasis, the role of specific kinases, chaperones, ER stress and neonatal feeding modifications are also implicated in leptin resistance. This review will cover the current knowledge regarding the interaction of leptin with different endocrine factors from the gastrointestinal-brain axis and other novel mechanisms that improve leptin sensitivity in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Pena-Leon
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Perez-Lois
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Villalon
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Prida
- Translational Endocrinology group, Endocrinology Section, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (IDIS/CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz-Moreno
- Translational Endocrinology group, Endocrinology Section, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (IDIS/CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5201 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mar Quiñones
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Omar Al-Massadi
- Translational Endocrinology group, Endocrinology Section, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (IDIS/CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luisa M Seoane
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stiernborg M, Prast-Nielsen S, Melas PA, Skott M, Millischer V, Boulund F, Forsell Y, Lavebratt C. Differences in the gut microbiome of young adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorder: using machine learning to distinguish cases from controls. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:298-309. [PMID: 38280535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
While an association between the gut microbiome and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) has been suggested, the existing evidence is still inconclusive. To this end, we analyzed bacteria and bacterial genes in feces from 52 young adult SSD patients and 52 controls using fecal shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Compared to controls, young SSD patients were found to have significantly lower α-diversity and different β-diversity both regarding bacterial species (i.e., taxonomic diversity) and bacterial genes (i.e., functional diversity). Furthermore, the α-diversity measures 'Pielou's evenness' and 'Shannon' were significantly higher for both bacterial species, bacterial genes encoding enzymes and gut brain modules in young SSD patients on antipsychotic treatment (young SSD not on antipsychotics=9 patients, young SSD on antipsychotics=43 patients). We also applied machine learning classifiers to distinguish between young SSD patients and healthy controls based on their gut microbiome. Results showed that taxonomic and functional data classified young SSD individuals with an accuracy of ≥ 70% and with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of ≥ 0.75. Differential abundance analysis on the most important features in the classifier models revealed that most of the species with higher abundance in young SSD patients had their natural habitat in the oral cavity. In addition, many of the modules with higher abundance in young SSD patients were amino acid biosynthesis modules. Moreover, the abundances of gut-brain modules of butyrate synthesis and acetate degradation were lower in the SSD patients compared to controls. Collectively, our findings continue to support the presence of gut microbiome alterations in SSD and provide support for the use of machine learning algorithms to distinguish patients from controls based on gut microbiome profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Stiernborg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Prast-Nielsen
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe A Melas
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Skott
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fredrik Boulund
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Forsell
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin CK, Tseng YC, Hsu HY, Tsai TH, Huang KH. Association between early-life antibiotics use and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A real-world evidence study. Early Hum Dev 2023; 187:105897. [PMID: 37922778 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Recently, children using antibiotics showed an increased incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders. AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between antibiotics use and the risk of ADHD in children. STUDY DESIGN Population-based retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS The Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database was used to collect data of children. Prevalence of antibiotics use was analyzed in the children (age, <2 years) included in this study. There were 1,601,689 children included in this study between 2004 and 2012. OUTCOME MEASURES The risk of developing ADHD was estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS 71.25 % of children used at least one antibiotic, and the mean follow-up period was 7.07 years. After controlling for other related influencing factors, children who used antibiotics had a 1.12 times higher risk of ADHD than those who did not. The risk of ADHD increased through the use of penicillin and cephalosporin regardless of the duration of antibiotics use. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics use in children-especially penicillin and cephalosporin-was associated with a higher risk of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kang Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Cheng Ching General Hospital, Taichung 400620, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chun Tseng
- Department of Pediatrics, Cheng Ching General Hospital, Taichung 400620, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yu Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Han Tsai
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hua Huang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh SV, Ganguly R, Jaiswal K, Yadav AK, Kumar R, Pandey AK. Molecular signalling during cross talk between gut brain axis regulation and progression of irritable bowel syndrome: A comprehensive review. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:4458-4476. [PMID: 37469740 PMCID: PMC10353503 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i19.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder which alters gastrointestinal (GI) functions, thus leading to compromised health status. Pathophysiology of IBS is not fully understood, whereas abnormal gut brain axis (GBA) has been identified as a major etiological factor. Recent studies are suggestive for visceral hyper-sensitivity, altered gut motility and dysfunctional autonomous nervous system as the main clinical abnormalities in IBS patients. Bidirectional signalling interactions among these abnormalities are derived through various exogenous and endogenous factors, such as microbiota population and diversity, microbial metabolites, dietary uptake, and psychological abnormalities. Strategic efforts focused to study these interactions including probiotics, antibiotics and fecal transplantations in normal and germ-free animals are clearly suggestive for the pivotal role of gut microbiota in IBS etiology. Additionally, neurotransmitters act as communication tools between enteric microbiota and brain functions, where serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) plays a key role in pathophysiology of IBS. It regulates GI motility, pain sense and inflammatory responses particular to mucosal and brain activity. In the absence of a better understanding of various interconnected crosstalks in GBA, more scientific efforts are required in the search of novel and targeted therapies for the management of IBS. In this review, we have summarized the gut microbial composition, interconnected signalling pathways and their regulators, available therapeutics, and the gaps needed to fill for a better management of IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Vardan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kritika Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ağagündüz D, Gençer Bingöl F, Çelik E, Cemali Ö, Özenir Ç, Özoğul F, Capasso R. Recent developments in the probiotics as live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) as modulators of gut brain axis related neurological conditions. Lab Invest 2022; 20:460. [PMID: 36209124 PMCID: PMC9548122 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been defined as “living microorganisms that create health benefits in the host when taken in sufficient amounts. Recent developments in the understanding of the relationship between the microbiom and its host have shown evidence about the promising potential of probiotics to improve certain health problems. However, today, there are some confusions about traditional and new generation foods containing probiotics, naming and classifications of them in scientific studies and also their marketing. To clarify this confusion, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) declared that it has made a new category definition called "live biotherapeutic products" (LBPs). Accordingly, the FDA has designated LBPs as “a biological product that: i)contains live organisms, such as bacteria; ii)is applicable to the prevention, treatment, or cure of a disease/condition of human beings; and iii) is not a vaccine”. The accumulated literature focused on LBPs to determine effective strains in health and disease, and often focused on obesity, diabetes, and certain diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).However, microbiome also play an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases that age day by day in the modern world via gut-brain axis. Herein, we discuss the novel roles of LBPs in some gut-brain axis related conditions in the light of recent studies. This article may be of interest to a broad readership including those interested in probiotics as LBPs, their health effects and safety, also gut-brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 06490, Ankara, Emek, Turkey.
| | - Feray Gençer Bingöl
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Yerleşkesi, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Elif Çelik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 06490, Ankara, Emek, Turkey
| | - Özge Cemali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 06490, Ankara, Emek, Turkey
| | - Çiler Özenir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kırıkkale University, 71100, Kırıkkale, Merkez, Turkey
| | - Fatih Özoğul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, 01330, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cuskelly A, Hoedt EC, Harms L, Talley NJ, Tadros MA, Keely S, Hodgson DM. Neonatal immune challenge influences the microbiota and behaviour in a sexually dimorphic manner. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 103:232-242. [PMID: 35491004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is comorbidity between anxiety disorders and gastrointestinal disorders, with both linked to adverse early life events. The microbiome gut-brain-axis, a bidirectional communication system, is plastic throughout the neonatal period and is a possible mediator of this relationship. Here, we used a well-established neonatal rodent immune activation model to investigate the long-term effect of neonatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure on adult behaviour and the relationship to microbiome composition. Wistar rats were injected with LPS (0.05 mg/kg) or saline (equivolume) on postnatal days 3 and 5. In adulthood, behavioural tests were performed to assess anxiety-like behaviour, and microbiota sequencing was performed on stool samples. There were distinctly different behavioural phenotypes for LPS-exposed males and females. LPS-exposed males displayed typical anxiety-like behaviours with significantly decreased social interaction (F(1,22) = 7.576, p = 0.009) and increased defecation relative to saline controls (F(1,23) = 8.623, p = 0.005). LPS-exposed females displayed a different behavioural phenotype with significantly increased social interaction (F(1,22) = 6.094, p = 0.018), and exploration (F(1,24) = 6.359, p = 0.015), compared to saline controls. With respect to microbiota profiling data, Bacteroidota was significantly increased for LPS-exposed females (F(1,14) = 4.931p = 0.035) and Proteobacteria was decreased for LPS-exposed rats of both sexes versus controls (F(1,30) = 4.923p = 0.035). Furthermore, alterations in predicted functional pathways for neurotransmitters in faeces were observed with a decrease in the relative abundance of D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism in LPS exposed females compared to control females (p < 0.05). This suggests that neonatal immune activation alters both later life behaviour and adult gut microbiota in sex-specific ways. These findings highlight the importance of sex in determining the impact of neonatal immune activation on social behaviour and the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Cuskelly
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Viruses, Infection, Immunity, Vaccine and Asthma (VIVA) Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - E C Hoedt
- Viruses, Infection, Immunity, Vaccine and Asthma (VIVA) Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Digestive Health, HMRI, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - L Harms
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - N J Talley
- Viruses, Infection, Immunity, Vaccine and Asthma (VIVA) Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Digestive Health, HMRI, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - M A Tadros
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - S Keely
- Viruses, Infection, Immunity, Vaccine and Asthma (VIVA) Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Digestive Health, HMRI, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - D M Hodgson
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Viruses, Infection, Immunity, Vaccine and Asthma (VIVA) Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharma H, Bajwa J. Approach of probiotics in mental health as a psychobiotics. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:30. [PMID: 34923592 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are those beneficial microbes that confer various health benefits to humans when integrated in diet in adequate amount. They possess vital metabolites having nutritional and therapeutic properties which provide countless health benefits. Scientific discoveries demonstrated that these living microbial consortiums may exert impact on anxiety, depression, cognitive functions, stress responses and behaviours. Those probiotics that controls the functioning or actions of central nervous system (CNS) conciliated by the gut brain axis (GBA) through neural, humoral and metabolic pathways to ameliorate the gastrointestinal activity as well as anti-depressant and anxiolytic capacity are known as psychobiotics. Few evidences have confirmed the remedial effects of psychobiotics against neurological conditions or disorders. So, therapeutic approach of psychobiotics leads to the future possibilities in the development field for researchers. This review article describes the potential role and mechanism of action of psychobiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heenu Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Jasveen Bajwa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tirelle P, Breton J, Kauffmann A, Bahlouli W, L'Huillier C, Salameh E, Amamou A, Jarbeau M, Guérin C, Goichon A, do Rego JC, Déchelotte P, Ribet D, Coëffier M. Gut microbiota depletion affects nutritional and behavioral responses to activity-based anorexia model in a sex-dependent manner. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2734-2744. [PMID: 33933739 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In the last decade, the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in eating behavior and anxiety-depressive disorders has gained increasing attention. Although a gut microbiota dysbiosis has been reported in anorectic patients, its pathophysiological role remains poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to characterize the potential role of gut microbiota by evaluating the effects of its depletion in the Activity-Based Anorexia (ABA) mouse model both in male and female mice. METHODS Male and female C57Bl/6 mice were submitted (ABA group) or not (CT group) to the ABA protocol, which combines access to a running wheel with a progressive limited food access. Gut microbiota was previously depleted or not by a cocktail of antibiotics (ATB) delivered by oral gavages. We monitored body composition, anxiety-like behavior, leptin and adiponectin plasma levels, hypothalamic and hippocampal neuropeptides mRNA levels, as well as dopamine (DRD) and serotonin (5HT1 and 4) receptors mRNA expression. RESULTS In response to the ABA model, the body weight loss was less pronounced in ATB-treated ABA compared to untreated ABA, while food intake remained unaffected by ATB treatment. ATB-treated ABA exhibited increased fat mass and decreased lean mass compared to untreated ABA both in male and female mice, whereas but plasma adipokine concentrations were affected in a sex-dependent manner. Only male ABA mice showed a reduced anticipatory physical activity in response to ATB treatment. Similarly, anxiety-like behavior was mainly affected in ATB-treated ABA male mice compared to ATB-treated ABA female mice, which was associated with male-specific alterations of hypothalamic CRH mRNA and hippocampal DRD and 5-HT1A mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that ATB-induced gut microbiota depletion triggers alterations of nutritional and behavioral responses to the activity-based anorexia model in a sex-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Tirelle
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain Axis", Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Jonathan Breton
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain Axis", Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Rouen, France; Department of Nutrition, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Kauffmann
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain Axis", Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Wafa Bahlouli
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain Axis", Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Clément L'Huillier
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain Axis", Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Emmeline Salameh
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain Axis", Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Asma Amamou
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain Axis", Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Marine Jarbeau
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain Axis", Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Charlène Guérin
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain Axis", Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Alexis Goichon
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain Axis", Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Rouen, France; Animal Behavior Facility, SCAC, UNIROUEN, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain Axis", Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Rouen, France; Department of Nutrition, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - David Ribet
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain Axis", Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain Axis", Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Rouen, France; Department of Nutrition, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jansma J, Brinkman F, van Hemert S, El Aidy S. Targeting the endocannabinoid system with microbial interventions to improve gut integrity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110169. [PMID: 33186639 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is a metabolic pathway involved in the communication between the gut microbiota and the host. In the gut, the endocannabinoid system regulates the integrity of the intestinal barrier. A compromised integrity of the intestinal barrier is associated with several disorders such as inflammatory bowel disorder, obesity and major depressive disorder. Decreasing the integrity of the intestinal barrier results in an increased translocation of bacterial metabolites, including lipopolysaccharides, across the epithelial layer of the gut, causing the subsequent inflammation. Targeting the endocannabinoid system in the gut can improve the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Currently, microbial interventions in the form of probiotics are under investigation for the treatment of diseases related to a compromised integrity of the intestinal barrier. However, the role of the endocannabinoid system in the gut is ambiguous since activity of the endocannabinoid system is increased in obesity and decreased in inflammatory bowel disease, emphasizing the need for development of personalized microbial interventions. This review discusses the role of the endocannabinoid system in regulating the gut barrier integrity and highlights current efforts to develop new endocannabinoid-targeted microbial interventions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Purton T, Staskova L, Lane MM, Dawson SL, West M, Firth J, Clarke G, Cryan JF, Berk M, O'Neil A, Dean O, Hadi A, Honan C, Marx W. Prebiotic and probiotic supplementation and the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway: A systematic review and meta analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 123:1-13. [PMID: 33482244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to synthesise the results from studies investigating the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on kynurenine pathway metabolism. Thirteen studies were identified for inclusion, comprising 12 probiotic and two prebiotic arms. Participants included healthy individuals and individuals with various clinical conditions. Twelve metabolites were examined across the studies, using a range of biological samples. Across all interventions, 11 reported an effect on ≤ metabolite. Although limited by clinical and methodological heterogeneity, pooled analysis (n = 253) found probiotics to significantly affect serum kynurenine (g = 0.315, CI = 0.070 to 0.560, p = 0.012, 4 studies, I2 = 0%) and the kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (g = 0.442, CI = 0.074 to 0.810, p = 0.018, 4 studies, I2 = 42 %). Risk of bias across the studies was generally low. The results provide preliminary evidence that probiotics can modulate kynurenine pathway metabolism, with less evidence available regarding prebiotics. Future studies which further consider methodological confounds and sample characteristics are required, to establish intervention efficacy. PROSPERO registration #CRD42019154677.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Purton
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1342, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia.
| | - Lada Staskova
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Environmental & Genetic Epidemiology Research, Parkville, Australia; RMIT University, School of Science, Melbourne, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Melissa M Lane
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Samantha L Dawson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Environmental & Genetic Epidemiology Research, Parkville, Australia; Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Madeline West
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Olivia Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cynthia Honan
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1342, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bhattacharyya D, Bhunia A. Gut-Brain axis in Parkinson's disease etiology: The role of lipopolysaccharide. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 235:105029. [PMID: 33338469 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies highlight the initiation of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the gastrointestinal tract, decades before the manifestations in the central nervous system (CNS). This gut-brain axis of neurodegenerative diseases defines the critical role played by the unique microbial composition of the "second brain" formed by the enteric nervous system (ENS). Compromise in the enteric wall can result in the translocation of gut-microbiota along with their metabolites into the system that can affect the homeostatic machinery. The released metabolites can associate with protein substrates affecting several biological pathways. Among these, the bacterial endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria, i.e., Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), has been implicated to play a definite role in progressive neurodegeneration. The molecular interaction of the lipid metabolites can have a direct neuro-modulatory effect on homeostatic protein components that can be transported to the CNS via the vagus nerve. α-synuclein (α-syn) is one such partner protein, the molecular interactions with which modulate its overall fibrillation propensity in the system. LPS interaction has been shown to affect the protein's aggregation kinetics in an alternative inflammatory pathway of PD pathogenesis. Several other lipid contents from the bacterial membranes could also be responsible for the initiation of α-syn amyloidogenesis. The present review will focus on the intermolecular interactions of α-syn with bacterial lipid components, particularly LPS, with a definite clinical manifestation in PD pathogenesis. However, deconvolution of the sequence of interaction events from the ENS to its propagation in the CNS is not easy or obvious. Nevertheless, the characterization of these lipid-mediated structures is a step towards realizing the novel targets in the pre-emptive diagnoses of PD. This comprehensive description should prompt the correlation of potential risk of amyloidogenesis upon detection of specific paradigm shifts in the microbial composition of the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipita Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata, 700054, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tyagi P, Tasleem M, Prakash S, Chouhan G. Intermingling of gut microbiota with brain: Exploring the role of probiotics in battle against depressive disorders. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109489. [PMID: 33233143 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating psychiatric ailment which exerts disastrous effects on one's mental and physical health. Depression is accountable for augmentation of various life-threatening maladies such as neurodegenerative anomalies, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Depressive episodes are recurrent, pose a negative impact on life quality, decline life expectancy and enhance suicidal tendencies. Anti-depression chemotherapy displays marked adverse effects and frequent relapses. Thus, newer therapeutic interventions to prevent or combat depression are desperately required. Discovery of gut microbes as our mutualistic partner was made a long time ago and it is surprising that their functions still continue to expand and as of yet many are still to be uncovered. Experimental studies have revealed astonishing role of gut commensals in gut-brain signaling, immune homeostasis and hormonal regulation. Now, it is a well-established fact that gut microbes can alleviate stress or depression associated symptoms by modulating brain functions. Here in, we provide an overview of physiological alleyways involved in cross-talk between gut and brain, part played by probiotics in regulation of these pathways and use of probiotic bacteria as psychobiotics in various mental or depressive disorders.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kanji S, Fonseka TM, Marshe VS, Sriretnakumar V, Hahn MK, Müller DJ. The microbiome-gut-brain axis: implications for schizophrenia and antipsychotic induced weight gain. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 28624847 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of knowledge implicating the human gut microbiome in the development and regulation of several physiological systems, evidence has accumulated to suggest a role for the gut microbiome in psychiatric conditions and drug response. A complex relationship between the enteric nervous system, the gut microbiota and the central nervous system has been described which allows for the microbiota to influence and respond to a variety of behaviors and psychiatric conditions. Additionally, the use of pharmaceuticals may interact with and alter the microbiota to potentially contribute to adverse effects of the drug. The gut microbiota has been described in several psychiatric disorders including depression and anxiety, but only a few reports have discussed the role of the microbiome in schizophrenia. The following review examines the evidence surrounding the gut microbiota in behavior and psychiatric illness, the role of the microbiota in schizophrenia and the potential for antipsychotics to alter the gut microbiota and promote adverse metabolic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kanji
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, R 132, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T M Fonseka
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, R 132, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - V S Marshe
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, R 132, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - V Sriretnakumar
- Psychiatric Neurogenetics Lab, Molecular Brain Science Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M K Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Complex Mental Illness, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - D J Müller
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, R 132, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|