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Mohr A, Marques Da Costa ME, Fromigue O, Audinot B, Balde T, Droit R, Abbou S, Khneisser P, Berlanga P, Perez E, Marchais A, Gaspar N. From biology to personalized medicine: Recent knowledge in osteosarcoma. Eur J Med Genet 2024; 69:104941. [PMID: 38677541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2024.104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
High-grade osteosarcoma is the most common paediatric bone cancer. More than one third of patients relapse and die of osteosarcoma using current chemotherapeutic and surgical strategies. To improve outcomes in osteosarcoma, two crucial challenges need to be tackled: 1-the identification of hard-to-treat disease, ideally from diagnosis; 2- choosing the best combined or novel therapies to eradicate tumor cells which are resistant to current therapies leading to disease dissemination and metastasize as well as their favorable microenvironment. Genetic chaos, tumor complexity and heterogeneity render this task difficult. The development of new technologies like next generation sequencing has led to an improvement in osteosarcoma oncogenesis knownledge. This review summarizes recent biological and therapeutical advances in osteosarcoma, as well as the challenges that must be overcome in order to develop personalized medicine and new therapeutic strategies and ultimately improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Mohr
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Olivia Fromigue
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U981, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Baptiste Audinot
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Thierno Balde
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Robin Droit
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Samuel Abbou
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology for Children and Adolescents, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Khneisser
- Department of medical Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Pablo Berlanga
- Department of Oncology for Children and Adolescents, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Esperanza Perez
- Department of Oncology for Children and Adolescents, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Antonin Marchais
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Gaspar
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology for Children and Adolescents, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France.
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2
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Fowler D, Barisa M, Southern A, Nattress C, Hawkins E, Vassalou E, Kanouta A, Counsell J, Rota E, Vlckova P, Draper B, De Mooij T, Farkas A, Brezovjakova H, Baker AT, Scotlandi K, Manara MC, Tape C, Chester K, Anderson J, Fisher J. Payload-delivering engineered γδ T cells display enhanced cytotoxicity, persistence, and efficacy in preclinical models of osteosarcoma. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadg9814. [PMID: 38809963 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg9814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
T cell-based cancer immunotherapy has typically relied on membrane-bound cytotoxicity enhancers such as chimeric antigen receptors expressed in autologous αβ T cells. These approaches are limited by tonic signaling of synthetic constructs and costs associated with manufacturing. γδ T cells are an emerging alternative for cellular therapy, having innate antitumor activity, potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and minimal alloreactivity. We present an immunotherapeutic platform technology built around the innate properties of the Vγ9Vδ2 T cell, harnessing specific characteristics of this cell type and offering an allocompatible cellular therapy that recruits bystander immunity. We engineered γδ T cells to secrete synthetic tumor-targeting opsonins in the form of an scFv-Fc fusion protein and a mitogenic IL-15Rα-IL-15 fusion protein (stIL15). Using GD2 as a model antigen, we show that GD2-specific opsonin-secreting Vγ9Vδ2 T cells (stIL15-OPS-γδ T cells) have enhanced cytotoxicity and promote bystander activity of other lymphoid and myeloid cells. Secretion of stIL-15 abrogated the need for exogenous cytokine supplementation and further mediated activation of bystander natural killer cells. Compared with unmodified γδ T cells, stIL15-OPS-γδ T cells exhibited superior in vivo control of subcutaneous tumors and persistence in the blood. Moreover, stIL15-OPS-γδ T cells were efficacious against patient-derived osteosarcomas in animal models and in vitro, where efficacy could be boosted with the addition of zoledronic acid. Together, the data identify stIL15-OPS-γδ T cells as a candidate allogeneic cell therapy platform combining direct cytolysis with bystander activation to promote tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fowler
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 20 Guilford Street, WC1N 1DZ London, UK
| | - Marta Barisa
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 20 Guilford Street, WC1N 1DZ London, UK
| | - Alba Southern
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 20 Guilford Street, WC1N 1DZ London, UK
| | - Callum Nattress
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, WC1E 6DD London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Hawkins
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 20 Guilford Street, WC1N 1DZ London, UK
| | - Eleni Vassalou
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 20 Guilford Street, WC1N 1DZ London, UK
| | - Angeliki Kanouta
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 20 Guilford Street, WC1N 1DZ London, UK
| | | | - Enrique Rota
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, WC1E 6DD London, UK
| | - Petra Vlckova
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, WC1E 6DD London, UK
| | - Benjamin Draper
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 20 Guilford Street, WC1N 1DZ London, UK
| | - Tessa De Mooij
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 20 Guilford Street, WC1N 1DZ London, UK
| | - Andrea Farkas
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 20 Guilford Street, WC1N 1DZ London, UK
| | - Helena Brezovjakova
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 20 Guilford Street, WC1N 1DZ London, UK
| | - Alfie T Baker
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 20 Guilford Street, WC1N 1DZ London, UK
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Maria C Manara
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Chris Tape
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, WC1E 6DD London, UK
| | - Kerry Chester
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, WC1E 6DD London, UK
| | - John Anderson
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 20 Guilford Street, WC1N 1DZ London, UK
| | - Jonathan Fisher
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 20 Guilford Street, WC1N 1DZ London, UK
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Xu R, Chen R, Tu C, Gong X, Liu Z, Mei L, Ren X, Li Z. 3D Models of Sarcomas: The Next-generation Tool for Personalized Medicine. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 4:171-186. [PMID: 38884054 PMCID: PMC11169319 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Sarcoma is a complex and heterogeneous cancer that has been difficult to study in vitro. While two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and mouse models have been the dominant research tools, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems such as organoids have emerged as promising alternatives. In this review, we discuss recent developments in sarcoma organoid culture, with a focus on their potential as tools for drug screening and biobanking. We also highlight the ways in which sarcoma organoids have been used to investigate the mechanisms of gene regulation, drug resistance, metastasis, and immune interactions. Sarcoma organoids have shown to retain characteristics of in vivo biology within an in vitro system, making them a more representative model for sarcoma research. Our review suggests that sarcoma organoids offer a potential path forward for translational research in this field and may provide a platform for developing personalized therapies for sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Xiaofeng Gong
- College of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Zhongyue Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
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Julson JR, Horton SC, Quinn CH, Beierle AM, Bownes LV, Stewart JE, Aye J, Yoon KJ, Beierle EA. CDK4/6 Inhibition With Lerociclib is a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for the Treatment of Pediatric Sarcomas. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:473-482. [PMID: 37919169 PMCID: PMC10922146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcomas are a heterogenous collection of bone and soft tissue tumors. The heterogeneity of these tumors makes it difficult to standardize treatment. CDK 4/6 inhibitors are a family of targeted agents which limit cell cycle progression and have been shown to be upregulated in sarcomas. In the current preclinical study, we evaluated the effects of lerociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, on pediatric sarcomas in vitro and in 3D bioprinted tumors. METHODS The effects of lerociclib on viability, proliferation, cell cycle, motility, and stemness were assessed in established sarcoma cell lines, U-2 OS and MG-63, as well as sarcoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). 3D printed biotumors of each of the U-2 OS, MG-63, and COA79 cells were utilized to study the effects of lerociclib on tumor growth ex vivo. RESULTS CDK 4/6, as well as the intermediaries retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and phosphorylated Rb were identified as targets in the four sarcoma cell lines. Lerociclib treatment induced cell cycle arrest, decreased proliferation, motility, and stemness of sarcoma cells. Treatment with lerociclib decreased sarcoma cell viability in both traditional 2D culture as well as 3D bioprinted microtumors. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of CDK 4/6 activity with lerociclib was efficacious in traditional 2D sarcoma cell culture as well as in 3D bioprints. Lerociclib holds promise and warrants further investigation as a novel therapeutic strategy for management of these heterogenous groups of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Julson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Sara C Horton
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Andee M Beierle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jamie Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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5
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Manara MC, Manferdini C, Cristalli C, Carrabotta M, Santi S, De Feo A, Caldoni G, Pasello M, Landuzzi L, Lollini PL, Salamanna F, Dominici S, Fiori V, Magnani M, Lisignoli G, Scotlandi K. Engagement of CD99 Activates Distinct Programs in Ewing Sarcoma and Macrophages. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:247-260. [PMID: 38051221 PMCID: PMC10835215 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is the second most common pediatric bone tumor. The EWS tumor microenvironment is largely recognized as immune-cold, with macrophages being the most abundant immune cells and their presence associated with worse patient prognosis. Expression of CD99 is a hallmark of EWS cells, and its targeting induces inhibition of EWS tumor growth through a poorly understood mechanism. In this study, we analyzed CD99 expression and functions on macrophages and investigated whether the concomitant targeting of CD99 on both tumor and macrophages could explain the inhibitory effect of this approach against EWS. Targeting CD99 on EWS cells downregulated expression of the "don't eat-me" CD47 molecule but increased levels of the "eat-me" phosphatidyl serine and calreticulin molecules on the outer leaflet of the tumor cell membrane, triggering phagocytosis and digestion of EWS cells by macrophages. In addition, CD99 ligation induced reprogramming of undifferentiated M0 macrophages and M2-like macrophages toward the inflammatory M1-like phenotype. These events resulted in the inhibition of EWS tumor growth. Thus, this study reveals what we believe to be a previously unrecognized function of CD99, which engenders a virtuous circle that delivers intrinsic cell death signals to EWS cells, favors tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages, and promotes the expression of various molecules and cytokines, which are pro-inflammatory and usually associated with tumor regression. This raises the possibility that CD99 may be involved in boosting the antitumor activity of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Manara
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Manferdini
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Cristalli
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Carrabotta
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Spartaco Santi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Caldoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Pasello
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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6
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Rogojina A, Klesse LJ, Butler E, Kim J, Zhang H, Xiao X, Guo L, Zhou Q, Hartshorne T, Garcia D, Weldon K, Holland T, Bandyopadhyay A, Prado LP, Wang S, Yang DM, Langevan AM, Zou Y, Grimes AC, Assanasen C, Gidvani-Diaz V, Zheng S, Lai Z, Chen Y, Xie Y, Tomlinson GE, Skapek SX, Kurmasheva RT, Houghton PJ, Xu L. Comprehensive characterization of patient-derived xenograft models of pediatric leukemia. iScience 2023; 26:108171. [PMID: 37915590 PMCID: PMC10616347 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) remain valuable models for understanding the biology and for developing novel therapeutics. To expand current PDX models of childhood leukemia, we have developed new PDX models from Hispanic patients, a subgroup with a poorer overall outcome. Of 117 primary leukemia samples obtained, successful engraftment and serial passage in mice were achieved in 82 samples (70%). Hispanic patient samples engrafted at a rate (51/73, 70%) that was similar to non-Hispanic patient samples (31/45, 70%). With a new algorithm to remove mouse contamination in multi-omics datasets including methylation data, we found PDX models faithfully reflected somatic mutations, copy-number alterations, RNA expression, gene fusions, whole-genome methylation patterns, and immunophenotypes found in primary tumor (PT) samples in the first 50 reported here. This cohort of characterized PDX childhood leukemias represents a valuable resource in that germline DNA sequencing has allowed the unambiguous determination of somatic mutations in both PT and PDX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rogojina
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura J. Klesse
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Health Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Erin Butler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Health Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - He Zhang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xue Xiao
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qinbo Zhou
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Taylor Hartshorne
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dawn Garcia
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Korri Weldon
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Trevor Holland
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Abhik Bandyopadhyay
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luz Perez Prado
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shidan Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Donghan M. Yang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Langevan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Allison C. Grimes
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chatchawin Assanasen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Siyuan Zheng
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gail E. Tomlinson
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Stephen X. Skapek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Health Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Raushan T. Kurmasheva
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter J. Houghton
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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7
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Wang W, Li Y, Lin K, Wang X, Tu Y, Zhuo Z. Progress in building clinically relevant patient-derived tumor xenograft models for cancer research. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:381-398. [PMID: 37679891 PMCID: PMC10614132 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models, a method involving the surgical extraction of tumor tissues from cancer patients and subsequent transplantation into immunodeficient mice, have emerged as a pivotal approach in translational research, particularly in advancing precision medicine. As the first stage of PDX development, the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models implant tumor tissue in mice in the corresponding anatomical locations of the patient. The PDOX models have several advantages, including high fidelity to the original tumor, heightened drug sensitivity, and an elevated rate of successful transplantation. However, the PDOX models present significant challenges, requiring advanced surgical techniques and resource-intensive imaging technologies, which limit its application. And then, the humanized mouse models, as well as the zebrafish models, were developed. Humanized mouse models contain a human immune environment resembling the tumor and immune system interplay. The humanized mouse models are a hot topic in PDX model research. Regarding zebrafish patient-derived tumor xenografts (zPDX) and patient-derived organoids (PDO) as promising models for studying cancer and drug discovery, zPDX models are used to transplant tumors into zebrafish as novel personalized medical animal models with the advantage of reducing patient waiting time. PDO models provide a cost-effective approach for drug testing that replicates the in vivo environment and preserves important tumor-related information for patients. The present review highlights the functional characteristics of each new phase of PDX and provides insights into the challenges and prospective developments in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Wang
- Department of Clinical MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yongshu Li
- College of Life SciencesHubei Normal UniversityHuangshiChina
- Shenzhen Institute for Technology InnovationNational Institute of MetrologyShenzhenChina
| | - Kaida Lin
- Department of Clinical MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- Department of PharmacyShenzhen Longhua District Central HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Research Center, Huizhou Central People's HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityHuizhou CityChina
| | - Zhenjian Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
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8
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Mancarella C, Giusti V, Caldoni G, Laginestra MA, Parra A, Toracchio L, Giordano G, Roncuzzi L, Piazzi M, Blalock W, Columbaro M, De Feo A, Scotlandi K. Extracellular vesicle-associated IGF2BP3 tunes Ewing sarcoma cell migration and affects PI3K/Akt pathway in neighboring cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1285-1295. [PMID: 37353558 PMCID: PMC10501906 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is a challenging pediatric cancer characterized by vast intra-tumor heterogeneity. We evaluated the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3, whose high expression correlates with a poor prognosis and an elevated tendency of metastases, as a possible soluble mediator of inter-cellular communication in EWS. Our data demonstrate that (i) IGF2BP3 is detected in cell supernatants, and it is released inside extracellular vesicles (EVs); (ii) EVs from IGF2BP3-positive or IGF2BP3-negative EWS cells reciprocally affect cell migration but not the proliferation of EWS recipient cells; (iii) EVs derived from IGF2BP3-silenced cells have a distinct miRNA cargo profile and inhibit the PI3K/Akt pathway in recipient cells; (iv) the 11 common differentially expressed miRNAs associated with IGF2BP3-positive and IGF2BP3-negative EVs correctly group IGF2BP3-positive and IGF2BP3-negative clinical tissue specimens. Overall, our data suggest that IGF2BP3 can participate in the modulation of phenotypic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Mancarella
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Giusti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Caldoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Parra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lisa Toracchio
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giordano
- Sarcoma Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Roncuzzi
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Piazzi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - William Blalock
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Columbaro
- Piattaforma di Microscopia Elettronica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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9
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Spinnato P, Colangeli M, Rinaldi R, Ponti F. Percutaneous CT-Guided Bone Biopsies: Indications, Feasibility and Diagnostic Yield in the Different Skeletal Sites-From the Skull to the Toe. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2350. [PMID: 37510093 PMCID: PMC10378450 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
CT-guided bone biopsies are currently the diagnostic tool of choice for histopathological (and microbiological) diagnoses of skeletal lesions. Several research works have well-demonstrated their safety and feasibility in almost all skeletal regions. This comprehensive review article aims at summarizing the general concepts in regard to bone biopsy procedures, current clinical indications, the feasibility and the diagnostic yield in different skeletal sites, particularly in the most delicate and difficult-to-reach ones. The choice of the correct imaging guidance and factors affecting the diagnostic rate, as well as possible complications, will also be discussed. Since the diagnostic yield, technical difficulties, and complications risk of a CT-guided bone biopsy significantly vary depending on the different skeletal sites, subdivided analyses of different anatomical sites are provided. The information included in the current review article may be useful for clinicians assisting patients with possible bone neoplasms, as well as radiologists involved in the imaging diagnoses of skeletal lesions and/or in performing bone biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spinnato
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Colangeli
- Orthopaedic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rinaldi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Ponti
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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10
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Ponti F, Arioli A, Longo C, Miceli M, Colangeli M, Papalexis N, Spinnato P. Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Bone Biopsy: Feasibility, Diagnostic Yield and Technical Notes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101773. [PMID: 37238257 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
While nowadays, CT-guided bone biopsy represents the gold standard tool for histopathological and microbiological diagnosis of skeletal lesions, the role of US-guided bone biopsy has not yet been fully explored. US-guided biopsy offers several advantages, such as the absence of ionizing radiation, fast acquisition time, as well as good intra-lesional echo, and structural and vascular characterization. Despite that, a consensus in regard to its applications in bone neoplasms has not been established. Indeed CT-guided technique (or fluoroscopic ones) still represents the standard choice in clinical practice. This review article aims to review the literature data about US-guided bone biopsy, underlying clinical-radiological indications, advantages of the procedure and future perspectives. Bone lesions taking the best advantages of the US-guided biopsy are osteolytic, determining the erosion of the overlying bone cortex and/or with an extraosseous soft-tissue component. Indeed, osteolytic lesions with extra-skeletal soft-tissue involvement represent a clear indication for US-guided biopsy. Moreover, even lytic bone lesions with cortical thinning and/or cortical disruption, especially located in the extremities or pelvis, can be safely sampled with US guidance with very good diagnostic yield. US-guided bone biopsy is proven to be fast, effective and safe. Additionally, it offers real-time needle evaluation, an advantage when compared to CT-guided bone biopsy. In the current clinical settings, it seems relevant to select the exact eligibility criteria for this imaging guidance since the effectiveness can vary depending on the type of lesion and body site involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ponti
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Arioli
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Longo
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Miceli
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Colangeli
- Orthopaedic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicolas Papalexis
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Spinnato
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Landuzzi L, Ruzzi F, Lollini PL, Scotlandi K. Synovial Sarcoma Preclinical Modeling: Integrating Transgenic Mouse Models and Patient-Derived Models for Translational Research. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030588. [PMID: 36765545 PMCID: PMC9913760 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcomas (SyS) are rare malignant tumors predominantly affecting children, adolescents, and young adults. The genetic hallmark of SyS is the t(X;18) translocation encoding the SS18-SSX fusion gene. The fusion protein interacts with both the BAF enhancer and polycomb repressor complexes, and either activates or represses target gene transcription, resulting in genome-wide epigenetic perturbations and altered gene expression. Several experimental in in vivo models, including conditional transgenic mouse models expressing the SS18-SSX fusion protein and spontaneously developing SyS, are available. In addition, patient-derived xenografts have been estab-lished in immunodeficient mice, faithfully reproducing the complex clinical heterogeneity. This review focuses on the main molecular features of SyS and the related preclinical in vivo and in vitro models. We will analyze the different conditional SyS mouse models that, after combination with some of the few other recurrent alterations, such as gains in BCL2, Wnt-β-catenin signaling, FGFR family, or loss of PTEN and SMARCB1, have provided additional insight into the mechanisms of synovial sarcomagenesis. The recent advancements in the understanding of SyS biology and improvements in preclinical modeling pave the way to the development of new epigenetic drugs and immunotherapeutic approaches conducive to new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Landuzzi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (P.-L.L.); Tel.: +39-051-2094796 (L.L.); +39-051-2094786 (P.-L.L.)
| | - Francesca Ruzzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (P.-L.L.); Tel.: +39-051-2094796 (L.L.); +39-051-2094786 (P.-L.L.)
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Xu H, Zheng H, Zhang Q, Song H, Wang Q, Xiao J, Dong Y, Shen Z, Wang S, Wu S, Wei Y, Lu W, Zhu Y, Niu X. A Multicentre Clinical Study of Sarcoma Personalised Treatment Using Patient-Derived Tumour Xenografts. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:e48-e59. [PMID: 35781406 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Medication for advanced sarcomas has not improved for three decades. Patient-derived tumour xenografts (PDTX) are a promising solution for developing new therapies and real-time personalised medicine because of their highly effective prediction of drug efficacy. However, there is a dearth of PDTX models for sarcomas due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multicentre clinical collaborative study (ChiCTR-OOC-17013617) was carried out. Fresh patient tumour tissues via resection or biopsy were used for the PDTX set-up. The standard medical care chosen by the physician was given to the patient, in parallel with testing on multiple regimens. The outcomes of patients' responses and PDTX tests were compared. Comprehensive analyses were carried out to assess the clinical value of PDTX for the treatment of sarcomas. Living tissues from successfully engrafted cases were deposited into a repository. RESULTS Forty-two cases, including 36 bone sarcomas and six soft-tissue sarcomas, were enrolled; the overall engraftment rate was 73.8%. Histopathological examination showed a 100% consistency between primary tumours and tumour grafts. The engraftment rate was independent of age, gender and sampling methods, but was associated with subtypes of tumour. The outgrowth time of tumour grafts could be associated with prognosis. Major somatic mutations in tumour grafts occurred primarily in common tumour driver genes. Poor prognosis was associated with the KMT2C mutation. A drug efficacy test showed complete concordance between the PDTX model and patients' responses in 17 regimens. CONCLUSION PDTX is an ideal preclinical model for sarcomas because of its faithful preservation of the heterogeneity of the disease, a satisfactory engraftment rate and high accuracy in its prediction of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - H Zheng
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - H Song
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Wang
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - J Xiao
- Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Dong
- The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Shen
- The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Wang
- Spine Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - S Wu
- Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - W Lu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - X Niu
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.
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13
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Pandya PH, Jannu AJ, Bijangi-Vishehsaraei K, Dobrota E, Bailey BJ, Barghi F, Shannon HE, Riyahi N, Damayanti NP, Young C, Malko R, Justice R, Albright E, Sandusky GE, Wurtz LD, Collier CD, Marshall MS, Gallagher RI, Wulfkuhle JD, Petricoin EF, Coy K, Trowbridge M, Sinn AL, Renbarger JL, Ferguson MJ, Huang K, Zhang J, Saadatzadeh MR, Pollok KE. Integrative Multi-OMICs Identifies Therapeutic Response Biomarkers and Confirms Fidelity of Clinically Annotated, Serially Passaged Patient-Derived Xenografts Established from Primary and Metastatic Pediatric and AYA Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:259. [PMID: 36612255 PMCID: PMC9818438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishment of clinically annotated, molecularly characterized, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from treatment-naïve and pretreated patients provides a platform to test precision genomics-guided therapies. An integrated multi-OMICS pipeline was developed to identify cancer-associated pathways and evaluate stability of molecular signatures in a panel of pediatric and AYA PDXs following serial passaging in mice. Original solid tumor samples and their corresponding PDXs were evaluated by whole-genome sequencing, RNA-seq, immunoblotting, pathway enrichment analyses, and the drug−gene interaction database to identify as well as cross-validate actionable targets in patients with sarcomas or Wilms tumors. While some divergence between original tumor and the respective PDX was evident, majority of alterations were not functionally impactful, and oncogenic pathway activation was maintained following serial passaging. CDK4/6 and BETs were prioritized as biomarkers of therapeutic response in osteosarcoma PDXs with pertinent molecular signatures. Inhibition of CDK4/6 or BETs decreased osteosarcoma PDX growth (two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05) confirming mechanistic involvement in growth. Linking patient treatment history with molecular and efficacy data in PDX will provide a strong rationale for targeted therapy and improve our understanding of which therapy is most beneficial in patients at diagnosis and in those already exposed to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankita H. Pandya
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Asha Jacob Jannu
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Data Science Indiana, University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Khadijeh Bijangi-Vishehsaraei
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Erika Dobrota
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Barbara J. Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Farinaz Barghi
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Harlan E. Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Niknam Riyahi
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nur P. Damayanti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Courtney Young
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rada Malko
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ryli Justice
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Eric Albright
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - George E. Sandusky
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - L. Daniel Wurtz
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Christopher D. Collier
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark S. Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rosa I. Gallagher
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Innovation, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Julia D. Wulfkuhle
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Innovation, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Emanuel F. Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Innovation, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Kathy Coy
- Preclinical Modeling and Therapeutics Core, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Melissa Trowbridge
- Preclinical Modeling and Therapeutics Core, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Anthony L. Sinn
- Preclinical Modeling and Therapeutics Core, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jamie L. Renbarger
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Data Science Indiana, University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - M. Reza Saadatzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Karen E. Pollok
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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14
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Pasello M, Giudice AM, Cristalli C, Manara MC, Mancarella C, Parra A, Serra M, Magagnoli G, Cidre-Aranaz F, Grünewald TGP, Bini C, Lollini PL, Longhi A, Donati DM, Scotlandi K. ABCA6 affects the malignancy of Ewing sarcoma cells via cholesterol-guided inhibition of the IGF1R/AKT/MDM2 axis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1237-1251. [PMID: 36149602 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The relevance of the subfamily A members of ATP-binding cassette (ABCA) transporters as biomarkers of risk and response is emerging in different tumors, but their mechanisms of action have only been partially defined. In this work, we investigated their role in Ewing sarcoma (EWS), a pediatric cancer with unmet clinical issues. METHODS The expression of ABC members was evaluated by RT-qPCR in patients with localized EWS. The correlation with clinical outcome was established in different datasets using univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Functional studies were conducted in cell lines from patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) using gain- or loss-of-function approaches. The impact of intracellular cholesterol levels and cholesterol lowering drugs on malignant parameters was considered. RESULTS We found that ABCA6, which is usually poorly expressed in EWS, when upregulated became a prognostic factor of a favorable outcome in patients. Mechanistically, high expression of ABCA6 impaired cell migration and increased cell chemosensitivity by diminishing the intracellular levels of cholesterol and by constitutive IGF1R/AKT/mTOR expression/activation. Accordingly, while exposure of cells to exogenous cholesterol increased AKT/mTOR activation, the cholesterol lowering drug simvastatin inhibited IGF1R/AKT/mTOR signaling and prevented Ser166 phosphorylation of MDM2. This, in turn, favored p53 activation and enhanced pro-apoptotic effects of doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that ABCA6 acts as tumor suppressor in EWS cells via cholesterol-mediated inhibition of IGF1R/AKT/MDM2 signaling, which promotes the pro-apoptotic effects of doxorubicin and reduces cell migration. Our findings also support a role of ABCA6 as biomarker of EWS progression and sustains its assessment for a more rational use of statins as adjuvant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pasello
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Giudice
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy.,Alma Mater Institute On Healthy Planet - Alma Healthy Planet, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Cristalli
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Caterina Mancarella
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Alessandro Parra
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Giovanna Magagnoli
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Florencia Cidre-Aranaz
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carla Bini
- Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Longhi
- Osteoncologia, Sarcomi dell'osso e dei Tessuti Molli e Terapie Innovative, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Unit of 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
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15
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Chen F, Zhang Z, Shen R, Chen M, Li G, Zhu X. Generation and characterization of patient-derived xenografts from patients with osteosarcoma. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Characterisation of a Novel Cell Line (ICR-SS-1) Established from a Patient-Derived Xenograft of Synovial Sarcoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152418. [PMID: 35954262 PMCID: PMC9368503 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a rare translocation-driven cancer with poor survival outcomes, particularly in the advanced setting. Previous synovial sarcoma preclinical studies have relied on a small panel of cell lines which suffer from the limitation of genomic and phenotypic drift as a result of being grown in culture for decades. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are a valuable tool for preclinical research as they retain many histopathological features of their originating human tumour; however, this approach is expensive, slow, and resource intensive, which hinders their utility in large-scale functional genomic and drug screens. To address some of these limitations, in this study, we have established and characterised a novel synovial sarcoma cell line, ICR-SS-1, which is derived from a PDX model and is amenable to high-throughput drug screens. We show that ICR-SS-1 grows readily in culture, retains the pathognomonic SS18::SSX1 fusion gene, and recapitulates the molecular features of human synovial sarcoma tumours as shown by proteomic profiling. Comparative analysis of drug response profiles with two other established synovial sarcoma cell lines (SYO-1 and HS-SY-II) finds that ICR-SS-1 harbours intrinsic resistance to doxorubicin and is sensitive to targeted inhibition of several oncogenic pathways including the PI3K-mTOR pathway. Collectively, our studies show that the ICR-SS-1 cell line model may be a valuable preclinical tool for studying the biology of anthracycline-resistant synovial sarcoma and identifying new salvage therapies following failure of doxorubicin.
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Abdolahi S, Ghazvinian Z, Muhammadnejad S, Saleh M, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Baghaei K. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, applications and challenges in cancer research. J Transl Med 2022; 20:206. [PMID: 35538576 PMCID: PMC9088152 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishing of the first cancer models created a new perspective on the identification and evaluation of new anti-cancer therapies in preclinical studies. Patient-derived xenograft models are created by tumor tissue engraftment. These models accurately represent the biology and heterogeneity of different cancers and recapitulate tumor microenvironment. These features have made it a reliable model along with the development of humanized models. Therefore, they are used in many studies, such as the development of anti-cancer drugs, co-clinical trials, personalized medicine, immunotherapy, and PDX biobanks. This review summarizes patient-derived xenograft models development procedures, drug development applications in various cancers, challenges and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrokh Abdolahi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghazvinian
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Muhammadnejad
- Cell-Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Saleh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Beck J, Ren L, Huang S, Berger E, Bardales K, Mannheimer J, Mazcko C, LeBlanc A. Canine and murine models of osteosarcoma. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:399-414. [PMID: 35341404 PMCID: PMC9290378 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221083038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children. Despite efforts to develop and implement new therapies, patient outcomes have not measurably improved since the 1980s. Metastasis continues to be the main source of patient mortality, with 30% of cases developing metastatic disease within 5 years of diagnosis. Research models are critical in the advancement of cancer research and include a variety of species. For example, xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models provide opportunities to study human tumor cells in vivo while transgenic models have offered significant insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying OS development. A growing recognition of naturally occurring cancers in companion species has led to new insights into how veterinary patients can contribute to studies of cancer biology and drug development. The study of canine cases, including the use of diagnostic tissue archives and clinical trials, offers a potential mechanism to further canine and human cancer research. Advancement in the field of OS research requires continued development and appropriate use of animal models. In this review, animal models of OS are described with a focus on the mouse and tumor-bearing pet dog as parallel and complementary models of human OS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Ren
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Kathleen Bardales
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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De Feo A, Pazzaglia L, Ciuffarin L, Mangiagli F, Pasello M, Simonetti E, Pellegrini E, Ferrari C, Bianchi G, Spazzoli B, Scotlandi K. miR-214-3p Is Commonly Downregulated by EWS-FLI1 and by CD99 and Its Restoration Limits Ewing Sarcoma Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071762. [PMID: 35406534 PMCID: PMC8997046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS), the second most frequent primary tumor of bone in the pediatric population, is a very aggressive, undifferentiated mesenchymal malignancy with a high tendency to develop lung and/or bone metastasis. The prognosis of patients with metastasis remains dismal, and new strategies are needed to control the dissemination of EWS cells. EWS is driven by alterations induced by the EWS-FLI1 chimera which acts as an aberrant transcriptional factor that induces the complete reprograming of the gene expression. EWS cells are also characterized by high expression of CD99, a cell surface molecule that interacts with EWS-FLI1 to sustain EWS malignancy. This study shows that miR-214-3p is a common mediator of EWS-FLI1 and CD99, and we report that miR-214-3p acts as on oncosuppressor in EWS. MiR-214-3p is constitutively repressed in cell lines and clinical samples but is re-expressed after the silencing of EWS-FLI1 and/or CD99. The restoration of miR-214-3p limits EWS cell growth and migration and represses the expression of its target HMGA1, supporting the potential role of this miRNA as a marker of tumor aggressiveness. Abstract Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS), an aggressive pediatric bone and soft-tissue sarcoma, has a very stable genome with very few genetic alterations. Unlike in most cancers, the progression of EWS appears to depend on epigenetic alterations. EWS–FLI1 and CD99, the two hallmarks of EWS, are reported to severely impact the malignancy of EWS cells, at least partly by regulating the expression of several types of non-coding RNAs. Here, we identify miR-214-3p as a common mediator of either EWS-FLI1 or CD99 by in silico analysis. MiR-214-3p expression was lower in EWS cells and in clinical samples than in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and this miRNA was barely expressed in metastatic lesions. Silencing of EWS-FLI1 or CD99 restored the expression of miR-214-3p, leading to a reduced cell growth and migration. Mechanistically, miR-214-3p restoration inhibits the expression of the high-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) protein, a validated target of miR-214-3p and a major regulator of the transcriptional machinery. The decrease in HMGA1 expression reduced the growth and the migration of EWS cells. Taken together, our results support that the miR-214-3p is constitutively repressed by both EWS-FLI1 and CD99 because it acts as an oncosuppressor limiting the dissemination of EWS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Feo
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.F.); (K.S.); Tel.: +39-051-6366760 (K.S.); +39-051-6366937 (A.D.F.); Fax: +39-051-6366763 (A.D.F. & K.S.)
| | - Laura Pazzaglia
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Lisa Ciuffarin
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Fabio Mangiagli
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Michela Pasello
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Elisa Simonetti
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Evelin Pellegrini
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Bianchi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Third Orthopaedic Clinic and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Benedetta Spazzoli
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Third Orthopaedic Clinic and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.F.); (K.S.); Tel.: +39-051-6366760 (K.S.); +39-051-6366937 (A.D.F.); Fax: +39-051-6366763 (A.D.F. & K.S.)
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Carrabotta M, Laginestra MA, Durante G, Mancarella C, Landuzzi L, Parra A, Ruzzi F, Toracchio L, De Feo A, Giusti V, Pasello M, Righi A, Lollini PL, Palmerini E, Donati DM, Manara MC, Scotlandi K. Integrated Molecular Characterization of Patient-Derived Models Reveals Therapeutic Strategies for Treating CIC-DUX4 Sarcoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:708-720. [PMID: 34903601 PMCID: PMC9359717 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Capicua-double homeobox 4 (CIC-DUX4)-rearranged sarcomas (CDS) are extremely rare, highly aggressive primary sarcomas that represent a major therapeutic challenge. Patients are treated according to Ewing sarcoma protocols, but CDS-specific therapies are strongly needed. In this study, RNA sequencing was performed on patient samples to identify a selective signature that differentiates CDS from Ewing sarcoma and other fusion-driven sarcomas. This signature was used to validate the representativeness of newly generated CDS experimental models-patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and PDX-derived cell lines-and to identify specific therapeutic vulnerabilities. Annotation analysis of differentially expressed genes and molecular gene validation highlighted an HMGA2/IGF2BP/IGF2/IGF1R/AKT/mTOR axis that characterizes CDS and renders the tumors particularly sensitive to combined treatments with trabectedin and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. Trabectedin inhibited IGF2BP/IGF2/IGF1R activity, but dual inhibition of the PI3K and mTOR pathways was required to completely dampen downstream signaling mediators. Proof-of-principle efficacy for the combination of the dual AKT/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 (dactolisib) with trabectedin was obtained in vitro and in vivo using CDS PDX-derived cell lines, demonstrating a strong inhibition of local tumor growth and multiorgan metastasis. Overall, the development of representative experimental models (PDXs and PDX-derived cell lines) has helped to identify the unique sensitivity of the CDS to AKT/mTOR inhibitors and trabectedin, revealing a mechanism-based therapeutic strategy to fight this lethal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE This study identifies altered HMGA2/IGF2BP/IGF2 signaling in CIC-DUX4 sarcomas and provides proof of principle for combination therapy with trabectedin and AKT/mTOR dual inhibitors to specifically combat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Carrabotta
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Durante
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Mancarella
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Parra
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ruzzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lisa Toracchio
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Giusti
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Pasello
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Righi
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Palmerini
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Novel Therapy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Third Orthopaedic Clinic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Katia Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Cristalli C, Manara MC, Valente S, Pellegrini E, Bavelloni A, De Feo A, Blalock W, Di Bello E, Piñeyro D, Merkel A, Esteller M, Tirado OM, Mai A, Scotlandi K. Novel Targeting of DNA Methyltransferase Activity Inhibits Ewing Sarcoma Cell Proliferation and Enhances Tumor Cell Sensitivity to DNA Damaging Drugs by Activating the DNA Damage Response. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:876602. [PMID: 35712255 PMCID: PMC9197596 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.876602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important component of the epigenetic machinery that regulates the malignancy of Ewing sarcoma (EWS), the second most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. Coordination of DNA methylation and DNA replication is critical for maintaining epigenetic programming and the DNMT1 enzyme has been demonstrated to have an important role in both maintaining the epigenome and controlling cell cycle. Here, we showed that the novel nonnucleoside DNMT inhibitor (DNMTi) MC3343 induces a specific depletion of DNMT1 and affects EWS tumor proliferation through a mechanism that is independent on DNA methylation. Depletion of DNMT1 causes perturbation of the cell cycle, with an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase, and DNA damage, as revealed by the induction of γH2AX foci. These effects elicited activation of p53-dependent signaling and apoptosis in p53wt cells, while in p53 mutated cells, persistent micronuclei and increased DNA instability was observed. Treatment with MC3343 potentiates the efficacy of DNA damaging agents such as doxorubicin and PARP-inhibitors (PARPi). This effect correlates with increased DNA damage and synergistic tumor cytotoxicity, supporting the use of the DNMTi MC3343 as an adjuvant agent in treating EWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Cristalli
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Camilla Cristalli, ; Katia Scotlandi,
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelin Pellegrini
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bavelloni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - William Blalock
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza, UOS Bologna, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Bello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David Piñeyro
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelika Merkel
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar M. Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Camilla Cristalli, ; Katia Scotlandi,
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22
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Balestra T, Manara MC, Laginestra MA, Pasello M, De Feo A, Bassi C, Guerzoni C, Landuzzi L, Lollini PL, Donati DM, Negrini M, Magnani M, Scotlandi K. Targeting CD99 Compromises the Oncogenic Effects of the Chimera EWS-FLI1 by Inducing Reexpression of Zyxin and Inhibition of GLI1 Activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:58-69. [PMID: 34667115 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma, a highly aggressive pediatric tumor, is driven by EWS-FLI1, an oncogenic transcription factor that remodels the tumor genetic landscape. Epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in Ewing sarcoma pathogenesis, and the therapeutic value of compounds targeting epigenetic pathways is being identified in preclinical models. Here, we showed that modulation of CD99, a cell surface molecule highly expressed in Ewing sarcoma cells, may alter transcriptional dysregulation in Ewing sarcoma through control of the zyxin-GLI1 axis. Zyxin is transcriptionally repressed, but GLI1 expression is maintained by EWS-FLI1. We demonstrated that targeting CD99 with antibodies, including the human diabody C7, or genetically inhibiting CD99 is sufficient to increase zyxin expression and induce its dynamic nuclear accumulation. Nuclear zyxin functionally affects GLI1, inhibiting targets such as NKX2-2, cyclin D1, and PTCH1 and upregulating GAS1, a tumor suppressor protein negatively regulated by SHH/GLI1 signaling. We used a battery of functional assays to demonstrate (i) the relationship between CD99/zyxin and tumor cell growth/migration and (ii) how CD99 deprivation from the Ewing sarcoma cell surface is sufficient to specifically affect the expression of some crucial EWS-FLI1 targets, both in vitro and in vivo, even in the presence of EWS-FLI1. This article reveals that the CD99/zyxin/GLI1 axis is promising therapeutic target for reducing Ewing sarcoma malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Balestra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Michela Pasello
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Bassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, and "Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Clara Guerzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Clinica Ortopedica III, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, and "Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Fano, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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23
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Zoumpoulidou G, Alvarez-Mendoza C, Mancusi C, Ahmed RM, Denman M, Steele CD, Tarabichi M, Roy E, Davies LR, Manji J, Cristalli C, Scotlandi K, Pillay N, Strauss SJ, Mittnacht S. Therapeutic vulnerability to PARP1,2 inhibition in RB1-mutant osteosarcoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7064. [PMID: 34862364 PMCID: PMC8642453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the RB1 tumour suppressor are key drivers in cancer, including osteosarcoma. RB1 loss-of-function compromises genome-maintenance and hence could yield vulnerability to therapeutics targeting such processes. Here we demonstrate selective hypersensitivity to clinically-approved inhibitors of Poly-ADP-Polymerase1,2 inhibitors (PARPi) in RB1-defective cancer cells, including an extended panel of osteosarcoma-derived lines. PARPi treatment results in extensive cell death in RB1-defective backgrounds and prolongs survival of mice carrying human RB1-defective osteosarcoma grafts. PARPi sensitivity is not associated with canonical homologous recombination defect (HRd) signatures that predict PARPi sensitivity in cancers with BRCA1,2 loss, but is accompanied by rapid activation of DNA replication checkpoint signalling, and active DNA replication is a prerequisite for sensitivity. Importantly, sensitivity in backgrounds with natural or engineered RB1 loss surpasses that seen in BRCA-mutated backgrounds where PARPi have established clinical benefit. Our work provides evidence that PARPi sensitivity extends beyond cancers identifiable by HRd and advocates PARP1,2 inhibition as a personalised strategy for RB1-mutated osteosarcoma and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Milly Denman
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Maxime Tarabichi
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Errin Roy
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jiten Manji
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Camilla Cristalli
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, London, UK
| | - Sandra J Strauss
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.,London Sarcoma Service, University College London Hospitals Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Evolution of HER2-positive mammary carcinoma: HER2 loss reveals claudin-low traits in cancer progression. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:77. [PMID: 34775465 PMCID: PMC8590694 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2-positive breast cancers may lose HER2 expression in recurrences and metastases. In this work, we studied cell lines derived from two transgenic mammary tumors driven by human HER2 that showed different dynamics of HER2 status. MamBo89HER2stable cell line displayed high and stable HER2 expression, which was maintained upon in vivo passages, whereas MamBo43HER2labile cell line gave rise to HER2-negative tumors from which MamBo38HER2loss cell line was derived. Both low-density seeding and in vitro trastuzumab treatment of MamBo43HER2labile cells induced the loss of HER2 expression. MamBo38HER2loss cells showed a spindle-like morphology, high stemness and acquired in vivo malignancy. A comprehensive molecular profile confirmed the loss of addiction to HER2 signaling and acquisition of an EMT signature, together with increased angiogenesis and migration ability. We identified PDGFR-B among the newly expressed determinants of MamBo38HER2loss cell tumorigenic ability. Sunitinib inhibited MamBo38HER2loss tumor growth in vivo and reduced stemness and IL6 production in vitro. In conclusion, HER2-positive mammary tumors can evolve into tumors that display distinctive traits of claudin-low tumors. Our dynamic model of HER2 status can lead to the identification of new druggable targets, such as PDGFR-B, in order to counteract the resistance to HER2-targeted therapy that is caused by HER2 loss.
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Ban J, Fock V, Aryee DNT, Kovar H. Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases. Cells 2021; 10:2944. [PMID: 34831167 PMCID: PMC8616226 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and bone marrow are among the most frequent metastatic sites of cancer. The occurrence of bone metastasis is frequently associated with a dismal disease outcome. The prevention and therapy of bone metastases is a priority in the treatment of cancer patients. However, current therapeutic options for patients with bone metastatic disease are limited in efficacy and associated with increased morbidity. Therefore, most current therapies are mainly palliative in nature. A better understanding of the underlying molecular pathways of the bone metastatic process is warranted to develop novel, well-tolerated and more successful treatments for a significant improvement of patients' quality of life and disease outcome. In this review, we provide comparative mechanistic insights into the bone metastatic process of various solid tumors, including pediatric cancers. We also highlight current and innovative approaches to biologically targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the attraction, homing, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells and the ensuing therapeutic implications. Multiple signaling pathways have been described to contribute to metastatic spread to the bone of specific cancer entities, with most knowledge derived from the study of breast and prostate cancer. However, it is likely that similar mechanisms are involved in different types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, primary bone sarcomas and neuroblastoma. The metastatic rate-limiting interaction of tumor cells with the various cellular and noncellular components of the bone-marrow niche provides attractive therapeutic targets, which are already partially exploited by novel promising immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Ban
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Valerie Fock
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Dave N. T. Aryee
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Pilli T, Cardinale S, Cantara S, Dalmazio G, Forleo R, Capezzone M, Bassi C, Negrini M, Ferracin M, Castagna MG. Preliminary results from whole-genome expression analysis in patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency treated with modified-release hydrocortisone. Endocrine 2021; 73:177-185. [PMID: 33417142 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional (CONV) treatment of adrenal insufficiency (AI) is associated with risk of overtreatment: glyco-metabolic impairment, bone loss, and reduced quality of life. Recent findings suggest that modified-release hydrocortisone (MOD) may restore a more physiological cortisol profile. Our aims were: (1) to compare the gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from patients, with secondary AI (SAI), under CONV (cortisone acetate or hydrocortisone) or MOD versus healthy controls; and (2) to evaluate MOD effects on serum cortisol profile, glucose, lipid, bone, and clinical parameters. METHODS Thirteen patients with SAI were switched from CONV to MOD at equivalent dose. Area under curve (AUC) of both formulations was calculated in six patients. Clinical, metabolic and bone parameters were measured at baseline and 3 months after MOD in all patients. In six patients and six age- and sex-matched healthy controls, a whole-genome expression analysis was performed at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after MOD. RESULTS (1) The number of genes differentially expressed (n = 235; mainly involved in immune response and metabolism) in SAI patients compared to controls progressively and significantly decreased switching from CONV to MOD (n = 78 at 3 months). (2) Under MOD: AUC of cortisol exposure tended to be smaller and cortisol levels showed a more physiological profile; no significant changes of clinical, metabolic and bone parameters were observed, likely due to the short follow-up, but triglycerides tended slightly to increase. CONCLUSIONS MOD may restore a normal gene expression profile as soon as 1 month after switching from CONV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Pilli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandro Cardinale
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Cantara
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gilda Dalmazio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Raffaella Forleo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Capezzone
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristian Bassi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Castagna
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Castillo‐Ecija H, Pascual‐Pasto G, Perez‐Jaume S, Resa‐Pares C, Vila‐Ubach M, Monterrubio C, Jimenez‐Cabaco A, Baulenas‐Farres M, Muñoz‐Aznar O, Salvador N, Cuadrado‐Vilanova M, Olaciregui NG, Balaguer‐Lluna L, Burgueño V, Vicario FJ, Manzanares A, Castañeda A, Santa‐Maria V, Cruz O, Celis V, Morales La Madrid A, Garraus M, Gorostegui M, Vancells M, Carrasco R, Krauel L, Torner F, Suñol M, Lavarino C, Mora J, Carcaboso AM. Prognostic value of patient-derived xenograft engraftment in pediatric sarcomas. J Pathol Clin Res 2021; 7:338-349. [PMID: 33837665 PMCID: PMC8185364 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The goals of this work were to identify factors favoring patient-derived xenograft (PDX) engraftment and study the association between PDX engraftment and prognosis in pediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. We used immunodeficient mice to establish 30 subcutaneous PDX from patient tumor biopsies, with a successful engraftment rate of 44%. Age greater than 12 years and relapsed disease were patient factors associated with higher engraftment rate. Tumor type and biopsy location did not associate with engraftment. PDX models retained histology markers and most chromosomal aberrations of patient samples during successive passages in mice. Model treatment with irinotecan resulted in significant activity in 20 of the PDXs and replicated the response of rhabdomyosarcoma patients. Successive generations of PDXs responded similarly to irinotecan, demonstrating functional stability of these models. Importantly, out of 68 tumor samples from 51 patients with a median follow-up of 21.2 months, PDX engraftment from newly diagnosed patients was a prognostic factor significantly associated with poor outcome (p = 0.040). This association was not significant for relapsed patients. In the subgroup of patients with newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma classified as standard risk, we found higher risk of relapse or refractory disease associated with those samples that produced stable PDX models (p = 0.0357). Overall, our study shows that PDX engraftment predicts worse outcome in newly diagnosed pediatric sarcoma patients.
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Damerell V, Pepper MS, Prince S. Molecular mechanisms underpinning sarcomas and implications for current and future therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:246. [PMID: 34188019 PMCID: PMC8241855 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are complex mesenchymal neoplasms with a poor prognosis. Their clinical management is highly challenging due to their heterogeneity and insensitivity to current treatments. Although there have been advances in understanding specific genomic alterations and genetic mutations driving sarcomagenesis, the underlying molecular mechanisms, which are likely to be unique for each sarcoma subtype, are not fully understood. This is in part due to a lack of consensus on the cells of origin, but there is now mounting evidence that they originate from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). To identify novel treatment strategies for sarcomas, research in recent years has adopted a mechanism-based search for molecular markers for targeted therapy which has included recapitulating sarcomagenesis using in vitro and in vivo MSC models. This review provides a comprehensive up to date overview of the molecular mechanisms that underpin sarcomagenesis, the contribution of MSCs to modelling sarcomagenesis in vivo, as well as novel topics such as the role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT)/mesenchymal-to-epithelial-transition (MET) plasticity, exosomes, and microRNAs in sarcomagenesis. It also reviews current therapeutic options including ongoing pre-clinical and clinical studies for targeted sarcoma therapy and discusses new therapeutic avenues such as targeting recently identified molecular pathways and key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Damerell
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Wu NF, Yamamoto J, Bouvet M, Hoffman RM. A Novel Procedure for Orthotopic Tibia Implantation for Establishment of a More Clinical Osteosarcoma PDOX Mouse Model. In Vivo 2021; 35:105-109. [PMID: 33402455 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Osteosarcoma is a rare type of malignancy that affects mostly children and adolescents. A new procedure was designed to create an improved patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model of osteosarcoma that more closely mimics osteosarcoma in clinical settings. Previous osteosarcoma PDOX models involved implanting a tumor fragment near the femur of nude mice in a space created by separating muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hole was created in the tibia of nude mice and an osteosarcoma tumor fragment was implanted directly into the bone. RESULTS This procedure resulted in tumor growth in the bone similar to osteosarcoma tumors found in clinical patients. CONCLUSION The establishment ratio for this procedure is 80% making it a practical and clinically-relevant model for screening effective therapies for osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel F Wu
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.; .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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Yafei J, Haoran M, Wenyan J, Linghang X, Kai T, Gangyang W, Zhuoying W, Jing H, Mengkai Y, Yujie T, Yingqi H, Zhengdong C. Personalized medicine modality based on patient-derived xenografts from a malignant transformed GCTB harboring H3F3A G34W mutation. J Orthop Translat 2021; 29:106-112. [PMID: 34136349 PMCID: PMC8173097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The function of H3F3A G43W mutation, which has been observed in almost all GCTB, remains poorly characterized. Breakthrough in malignant GCTB has been trapped by the lack of clinical available drugs, limited canonical patient samples and paucity of fidelity preclinical models. Methods Tumor samples obtained from a malignant GCTB was implanted in immunodeficient mice for the generation of PDX. Histological examination and short tandem repeat (STR) were used for inherited features analyses. An epigenetic/transcriptional targeted compound library was selected for drug screening. The in vivo effects of selected drug were validated in PDX model. Results We established the PDX model with recurrent malignant GCTB specimens, histological examination and STR analyses revealed that PDX and their corresponding parental patients shared the same STRs and histologic features, suggesting common origins. ITF-2357 was the most significant compound with an IC50 lower than 0.1 uM. The results of the drug screening and in vivo PDX validation demonstrated that ITF-2357 might be a promising drug targeted H3F3A G34W mutation MGCTBs. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that PDX model maintained the same histologic and genetic features as those in the original patient. targeting HDAC through ITF-2357 effectively overcomes malignant GCTB progression in vitro and in vivo. Translational potential statement As PDX retain the principal histologic and genetic characteristics of the primary tumors, mad it a valuable research tool in predictive clinical efficacy. In this study, we first established a malignant GCTB PDX model, which might further accelerate the progress of drug development in malignant GCTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yafei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mu Haoran
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiang Wenyan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Linghang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Tian Kai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wang Gangyang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wang Zhuoying
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Han Jing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yang Mengkai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Tang Yujie
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yingqi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Cai Zhengdong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Zöllner SK, Amatruda JF, Bauer S, Collaud S, de Álava E, DuBois SG, Hardes J, Hartmann W, Kovar H, Metzler M, Shulman DS, Streitbürger A, Timmermann B, Toretsky JA, Uhlenbruch Y, Vieth V, Grünewald TGP, Dirksen U. Ewing Sarcoma-Diagnosis, Treatment, Clinical Challenges and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1685. [PMID: 33919988 PMCID: PMC8071040 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma, a highly aggressive bone and soft-tissue cancer, is considered a prime example of the paradigms of a translocation-positive sarcoma: a genetically rather simple disease with a specific and neomorphic-potential therapeutic target, whose oncogenic role was irrefutably defined decades ago. This is a disease that by definition has micrometastatic disease at diagnosis and a dismal prognosis for patients with macrometastatic or recurrent disease. International collaborations have defined the current standard of care in prospective studies, delivering multiple cycles of systemic therapy combined with local treatment; both are associated with significant morbidity that may result in strong psychological and physical burden for survivors. Nevertheless, the combination of non-directed chemotherapeutics and ever-evolving local modalities nowadays achieve a realistic chance of cure for the majority of patients with Ewing sarcoma. In this review, we focus on the current standard of diagnosis and treatment while attempting to answer some of the most pressing questions in clinical practice. In addition, this review provides scientific answers to clinical phenomena and occasionally defines the resulting translational studies needed to overcome the hurdle of treatment-associated morbidities and, most importantly, non-survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan K. Zöllner
- Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.B.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen/Düsseldorf, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - James F. Amatruda
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.B.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen/Düsseldorf, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarcoma Center, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stéphane Collaud
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.B.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen/Düsseldorf, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University of Essen-Duisburg, 45239 Essen, Germany
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IbiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, CSIC, University of Sevilla, CIBERONC, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Steven G. DuBois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.G.D.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Jendrik Hardes
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.B.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen/Düsseldorf, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sarcoma Center, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Network Partner Site, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute and Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Markus Metzler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - David S. Shulman
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.G.D.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Arne Streitbürger
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.B.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen/Düsseldorf, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sarcoma Center, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Beate Timmermann
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.B.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen/Düsseldorf, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, West German Proton Therapy Centre, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Toretsky
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Yasmin Uhlenbruch
- St. Josefs Hospital Bochum, University Hospital, 44791 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Volker Vieth
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum Ibbenbüren, 49477 Ibbenbühren, Germany;
| | - Thomas G. P. Grünewald
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, Hopp-Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.B.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen/Düsseldorf, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Domenici G, Eduardo R, Castillo-Ecija H, Orive G, Montero Carcaboso Á, Brito C. PDX-Derived Ewing's Sarcoma Cells Retain High Viability and Disease Phenotype in Alginate Encapsulated Spheroid Cultures. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040879. [PMID: 33669730 PMCID: PMC7922076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ewing’s Sarcoma (ES) is the second most frequent bone tumour in children and young adults, with very aggressive behaviour and significant disease recurrence. To better study the disease and find new therapies, experimental models are needed. Recently, patient-derived xenografts (PDX), obtained by implanting patient tumour samples in immunodeficient mice, have been developed. However, when ES cells are extracted from the patient’s tumour or from PDX and placed on plasticware surfaces, they lose their original 3D configuration, cell identity and function. To overcome these issues, we implemented cultures of PDX-derived ES cells, by making them aggregate to form ES cell spheroids and then encapsulating these 3D spheroids into a hydrogel, alginate, to stabilize the culture. We show that this methodology maintained ES cell viability and intrinsic characteristics of the original ES tumour cells for at least one month and that it is suitable for study the effect of anticancer drugs. Abstract Ewing’s Sarcoma (ES) is the second most frequent malignant bone tumour in children and young adults and currently only untargeted chemotherapeutic approaches and surgery are available as treatment, although clinical trials are on-going for recently developed ES-targeted therapies. To study ES pathobiology and develop novel drugs, established cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are the most employed experimental models. Nevertheless, the establishment of ES cell lines is difficult and the extensive use of PDX raises economic/ethical concerns. There is a growing consensus regarding the use of 3D cell culture to recapitulate physiological and pathophysiological features of human tissues, including drug sensitivity. Herein, we implemented a 3D cell culture methodology based on encapsulation of PDX-derived ES cell spheroids in alginate and maintenance in agitation-based culture systems. Under these conditions, ES cells displayed high proliferative and metabolic activity, while retaining the typical EWSR1-FLI1 chromosomal translocation. Importantly, 3D cultures presented reduced mouse PDX cell contamination compared to 2D cultures. Finally, we show that these 3D cultures can be employed in drug sensitivity assays, with results similar to those reported for the PDX of origin. In conclusion, this novel 3D cell culture method involving ES-PDX-derived cells is a suitable model to study ES pathobiology and can assist in the development of novel drugs against this disease, complementing PDX studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Domenici
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (G.D.); (R.E.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Eduardo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (G.D.); (R.E.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena Castillo-Ecija
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (H.C.-E.); (Á.M.C.)
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ángel Montero Carcaboso
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (H.C.-E.); (Á.M.C.)
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (G.D.); (R.E.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Patient Derived Xenografts for Genome-Driven Therapy of Osteosarcoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020416. [PMID: 33671173 PMCID: PMC7922432 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare malignant primary tumor of mesenchymal origin affecting bone. It is characterized by a complex genotype, mainly due to the high frequency of chromothripsis, which leads to multiple somatic copy number alterations and structural rearrangements. Any effort to design genome-driven therapies must therefore consider such high inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, many laboratories and international networks are developing and sharing OS patient-derived xenografts (OS PDX) to broaden the availability of models that reproduce OS complex clinical heterogeneity. OS PDXs, and new cell lines derived from PDXs, faithfully preserve tumor heterogeneity, genetic, and epigenetic features and are thus valuable tools for predicting drug responses. Here, we review recent achievements concerning OS PDXs, summarizing the methods used to obtain ectopic and orthotopic xenografts and to fully characterize these models. The availability of OS PDXs across the many international PDX platforms and their possible use in PDX clinical trials are also described. We recommend the coupling of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data analysis with functional studies in OS PDXs, as well as the setup of OS PDX clinical trials and co-clinical trials, to enhance the predictive power of experimental evidence and to accelerate the clinical translation of effective genome-guided therapies for this aggressive disease.
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Fazio M, van Rooijen E, Dang M, van de Hoek G, Ablain J, Mito JK, Yang S, Thomas A, Michael J, Fabo T, Modhurima R, Pessina P, Kaufman CK, Zhou Y, White RM, Zon LI. SATB2 induction of a neural crest mesenchyme-like program drives melanoma invasion and drug resistance. eLife 2021; 10:64370. [PMID: 33527896 PMCID: PMC7880683 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genomic and scRNA-seq analyses of melanoma demonstrated a lack of recurrent genetic drivers of metastasis, while identifying common transcriptional states correlating with invasion or drug resistance. To test whether transcriptional adaptation can drive melanoma progression, we made use of a zebrafish mitfa:BRAFV600E;tp53-/- model, in which malignant progression is characterized by minimal genetic evolution. We undertook an overexpression-screen of 80 epigenetic/transcriptional regulators and found neural crest-mesenchyme developmental regulator SATB2 to accelerate aggressive melanoma development. Its overexpression induces invadopodia formation and invasion in zebrafish tumors and human melanoma cell lines. SATB2 binds and activates neural crest-regulators, including pdgfab and snai2. The transcriptional program induced by SATB2 overlaps with known MITFlowAXLhigh and AQP1+NGFR1high drug-resistant states and functionally drives enhanced tumor propagation and resistance to Vemurafenib in vivo. In summary, we show that melanoma transcriptional rewiring by SATB2 to a neural crest mesenchyme-like program can drive invasion and drug resistance in autochthonous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Fazio
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Ellen van Rooijen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Michelle Dang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Glenn van de Hoek
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Julien Ablain
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jeffrey K Mito
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, United States
| | - Song Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Andrew Thomas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jonathan Michael
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Tania Fabo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Rodsy Modhurima
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Patrizia Pessina
- Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Charles K Kaufman
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, United States
| | - Yi Zhou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Richard M White
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
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Early stability and late random tumor progression of a HER2-positive primary breast cancer patient-derived xenograft. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1563. [PMID: 33452364 PMCID: PMC7810859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We established patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from human primary breast cancers and studied whether stability or progressive events occurred during long-term in vivo passages (up to 4 years) in severely immunodeficient mice. While most PDX showed stable biomarker expression and growth phenotype, a HER2-positive PDX (PDX-BRB4) originated a subline (out of 6 studied in parallel) that progressively acquired a significantly increased tumor growth rate, resistance to cell senescence of in vitro cultures, increased stem cell marker expression and high lung metastatic ability, along with a strong decrease of BCL2 expression. RNAseq analysis of the progressed subline showed that BCL2 was connected to three main hub genes also down-regulated (CDKN2A, STAT5A and WT1). Gene expression of progressed subline suggested a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. PDX-BRB4 with its progressed subline is a preclinical model mirroring the clinical paradox of high level-BCL2 as a good prognostic factor in breast cancer. Sequential in vivo passages of PDX-BRB4 chronically treated with trastuzumab developed progressive loss of sensitivity to trastuzumab while HER2 expression and sensitivity to the pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor neratinib were maintained. Long-term PDX studies, even though demanding, can originate new preclinical models, suitable to investigate the mechanisms of breast cancer progression and new therapeutic approaches.
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Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is a rare malignant pediatric tumor and patient derived xenografts (PDXs) could represent a possibility to increase the number of available models to study this disease. Compared to cell derived xenografts (CDX), PDXs are reported to better recapitulate tumor microenvironment, heterogeneity, genetic and epigenetic features and are considered reliable models for their better predictive value when comparing preclinical efficacy and treatment response in patients. In this chapter, we extensively describe a method for generating Ewing sarcoma PDX models, for their validation and molecular characterization.
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Harris MA, Hons BB, Shekhar TM, Coupland LA, Miles MA, Hawkins CJ. Transient NK Cell Depletion Facilitates Pulmonary Osteosarcoma Metastases After Intravenous Inoculation in Athymic Mice. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2020; 9:667-671. [DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2019.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - BBioMed Hons
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Tanmay M. Shekhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Lucy A. Coupland
- The ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mark A. Miles
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Christine J. Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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Grünewald TGP, Alonso M, Avnet S, Banito A, Burdach S, Cidre‐Aranaz F, Di Pompo G, Distel M, Dorado‐Garcia H, Garcia‐Castro J, González‐González L, Grigoriadis AE, Kasan M, Koelsche C, Krumbholz M, Lecanda F, Lemma S, Longo DL, Madrigal‐Esquivel C, Morales‐Molina Á, Musa J, Ohmura S, Ory B, Pereira‐Silva M, Perut F, Rodriguez R, Seeling C, Al Shaaili N, Shaabani S, Shiavone K, Sinha S, Tomazou EM, Trautmann M, Vela M, Versleijen‐Jonkers YMH, Visgauss J, Zalacain M, Schober SJ, Lissat A, English WR, Baldini N, Heymann D. Sarcoma treatment in the era of molecular medicine. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11131. [PMID: 33047515 PMCID: PMC7645378 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are heterogeneous and clinically challenging soft tissue and bone cancers. Although constituting only 1% of all human malignancies, sarcomas represent the second most common type of solid tumors in children and adolescents and comprise an important group of secondary malignancies. More than 100 histological subtypes have been characterized to date, and many more are being discovered due to molecular profiling. Owing to their mostly aggressive biological behavior, relative rarity, and occurrence at virtually every anatomical site, many sarcoma subtypes are in particular difficult-to-treat categories. Current multimodal treatment concepts combine surgery, polychemotherapy (with/without local hyperthermia), irradiation, immunotherapy, and/or targeted therapeutics. Recent scientific advancements have enabled a more precise molecular characterization of sarcoma subtypes and revealed novel therapeutic targets and prognostic/predictive biomarkers. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the molecular biology of sarcomas and their effects on clinical oncology; it is meant for a broad readership ranging from novices to experts in the field of sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas GP Grünewald
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marta Alonso
- Program in Solid Tumors and BiomarkersFoundation for the Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra PamplonaPamplonaSpain
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Ana Banito
- Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Research GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Florencia Cidre‐Aranaz
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Merve Kasan
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | | | - Fernando Lecanda
- Division of OncologyAdhesion and Metastasis LaboratoryCenter for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Silvia Lemma
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Dario L Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TurinItaly
| | | | | | - Julian Musa
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Shunya Ohmura
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | - Miguel Pereira‐Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Francesca Perut
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de AsturiasOviedoSpain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | | | - Nada Al Shaaili
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- Department of Drug DesignUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kristina Shiavone
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Snehadri Sinha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Marcel Trautmann
- Division of Translational PathologyGerhard‐Domagk‐Institute of PathologyMünster University HospitalMünsterGermany
| | - Maria Vela
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ)MadridSpain
| | | | | | - Marta Zalacain
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TurinItaly
| | - Sebastian J Schober
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Andrej Lissat
- University Children′s Hospital Zurich – Eleonoren FoundationKanton ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - William R English
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Université de NantesInstitut de Cancérologie de l'OuestTumor Heterogeneity and Precision MedicineSaint‐HerblainFrance
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Rare Primary Malignant Bone Sarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113092. [PMID: 33114111 PMCID: PMC7690832 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Primary malignant bone tumors are infrequent cancers. More than 90% of these neoplasms are classified as osteosarcomas, Ewing sarcomas or chondrosarcomas, and their clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment principles are well-established. The entities described in this article, are ultra-rare varieties of bone sarcomas, and there clinical and histological characteristics are not well known. Therefore, they are very difficult to be diagnosed and there is a lot of uncertainty on their treatment. Because of their rarity, it is also extremely difficult to perform clinical research on these cancers. This article creates more awareness of these very rare bone tumors. It explains how to recognize and diagnose each entity and it summarizes the medical scientific literature that is available on these cancers. Increasing awareness and clinical research for these cancers are key elements to improve the prognosis for patients with these diseases in the long term. Abstract Rare primary malignant bone sarcomas (RPMBS), other than osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, and Ewing sarcoma, account for about 5–10% of primary bone tumors and represent a major diagnostic challenge. These tumors include spindle cell and round cell sarcoma entities, hemangiopericytoma-like and vascular tumors. Additionally, several histotypes, traditionally described in the soft tissues, such as myxofibrosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of bone, have been reported in patients with primary bone tumors. While wide surgical resection is the mainstay of local treatment, systemic therapy of these rare entities is controversial. Patients with undifferentiated spindle cell or pleomorphic high-grade tumors of bone, are usually treated with osteosarcoma-like chemotherapy, while patients with round cell and undifferentiated round cell tumors (URCTs), may respond to sarcoma treatment regimens for Ewing sarcoma patients. Studies on analogies and differences among these ultra-rare tumors have seldom been reported. This review describes relevance, clinical aspects, diagnostic procedures, staging, treatment recommendations, and current research in this composite tumor group.
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Bertin H, Gomez-Brouchet A, Rédini F. Osteosarcoma of the jaws: An overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 156:103126. [PMID: 33113487 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common cancer of bone. Jaw osteosarcoma (JOS) is rare and it differs from long-bone OS (LBOS) in terms of the time of onset (two decades later), lower metastatic spread, and better survival. OS is characterized by the proliferation of osteoblastic precursor cells and the production of osteoid or immature bone. OS arises from a combination of genetic aberrations and a favourable microenvironment. This local microenvironment includes bone cells, blood vessels, stromal cells, and immune infiltrates, all of which may constitute potential targets for anti-cancer drugs. Differences in the clinical and biological behaviour of JOS versus LBOS are likely to at least in part be due to differences in the microenvironment between the two sites. The present review provides a brief overview of the known pathophysiological parameters involved in JOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélios Bertin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nantes University Hospital, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tisues (PhyOs, UMR 1238), Nantes Medical School, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex, France.
| | - A Gomez-Brouchet
- Department of Pathology, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse University Hospital, 1 Avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - F Rédini
- Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tisues (PhyOs, UMR 1238), Nantes Medical School, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex, France.
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Fortuna-Costa A, Granato RA, Meohas W, Lopes ACDS, Caruso AC, Castro E Silva Pinheiro R, d'Eça PDG, Dias RB, Perini JA, Barbosa APF, Moreira de Sá RA, Guimarães JAM, Murray SS, Duarte MEL. An association between successful engraftment of osteosarcoma patient-derived xenografts and clinicopathological findings. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1295-1307. [PMID: 32964941 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although osteosarcoma is a rare disease, with a global incidence rate estimated at 5.0/million/year, it is the most frequent primary bone sarcoma in children and adolescents. In translational research, the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model is considered an authentic in vivo model for several types of cancer, as tumorgrafts faithfully retain the biological characteristics of the primary tumors. Our goal was to investigate the association between PDX formation and clinical findings of osteosarcoma patients and the ability of the model to preserve in immunocompromized mice the characteristics of the parental tumor. A fresh sample of the patient tumor obtained from a representative biopsy or from surgical resection was implanted into nude mice. When tumor outgrowths reached ~1,500mm³, fresh PDX fragments were re-transplanted into new hosts. Engraftment in mice was obtained after a latency period of 19-225 days (median 92 days) in 40.54% of the implanted samples. We confirmed the histopathological fidelity between the patient tumor and their respective established PDXs, including the expression of biomarkers. PDX take rate was higher in surgical resection samples, in post-chemotherapy surgical samples and in samples from patients with metastatic disease at presentation. In conclusion, we have shown that the osteosarcoma PDX model reliably recapitulates the morphological aspects of the human disease after serial passage in mice. The observation that more aggressive forms of osteosarcoma, including those with metastatic disease at presentation, have a higher efficiency to generate PDXs provides a promising scenario to address several unanswered issues in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneliese Fortuna-Costa
- Research Division, National Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Walter Meohas
- Center of Orthopedic Oncology, National Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina de Sá Lopes
- Center of Orthopedic Oncology, National Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anabela Cunha Caruso
- Research Division, National Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro da Gama d'Eça
- Center of Orthopedic Oncology, National Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rhayra Braga Dias
- Research Division, National Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jamila Alessandra Perini
- Research Division, National Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Samuel S Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Eugenia Leite Duarte
- Research Division, National Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Current Status and Perspectives of Patient-Derived Models for Ewing's Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092520. [PMID: 32899796 PMCID: PMC7563399 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A paucity of patient-derived cancer models hinders the development of novel therapeutic strategies in Ewing’s sarcoma. This review aimed to demonstrate the utility and possibility of popular patient-derived cancer models by overviewing the reported studies and to encourage the researchers to develop more models for Ewing’s sarcoma. Abstract Patient-derived cancer models, including cell lines, organoids, and xenografts, are indispensable tools in cancer research. These models, which recapitulate molecular features of original tumors, allow studies on the biological significance of cancer-associated genes, antitumor effects of novel agents, and molecular mechanisms underlying clinical behaviors of tumors. Moreover, the predictive utility of patient-derived cancer models is expected to facilitate drug development and precision medicine. Ewing’s sarcoma is a highly aggressive mesenchymal tumor with a high metastasis rate. Previous studies demonstrated the utility of cell lines and xenografts in Ewing’s sarcoma research and clinical studies. However, the number of Ewing’s sarcoma models available from public biobanks is limited; this creates an obstacle for research on Ewing’s sarcoma. Novel Ewing’s sarcoma models are needed to establish their utility, further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms, and help develop effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, the current status of patient-derived cancer models is overviewed, and future prospects of model development are discussed from the perspective of Ewing’s sarcoma research. It should be of interest to researchers and clinicians who work on patient-derived cancer models.
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Yoshimatsu Y, Noguchi R, Tsuchiya R, Sei A, Sugaya J, Fukushima S, Yoshida A, Kawai A, Kondo T. Establishment and characterization of NCC-ASPS1-C1: a novel patient-derived cell line of alveolar soft-part sarcoma. Hum Cell 2020; 33:1302-1310. [PMID: 32648033 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar soft-part sarcoma is a mesenchymal malignancy characterized by the rearrangement of ASPSCR1 and TFE3 and a histologically distinctive pseudoalveolar pattern. Although alveolar soft-part sarcoma takes an indolent course, its long-term prognosis is poor because of late distant metastases. Currently, curative treatments have not been found for alveolar soft-part sarcoma, and hence, a novel therapeutic strategy has long been required. Patient-derived cell lines comprise an important tool for basic and preclinical research. However, few cell lines from alveolar soft-part sarcoma have been reported in the literature because it is an extremely rare malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. This study aimed to establish a novel alveolar soft-part sarcoma cell line. Using surgically-resected tumor tissue of alveolar soft-part sarcoma, we successfully established a cell line and named it NCC-ASPS1-C1. The NCC-ASPS1-C1 cells harbored an ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion gene and exhibited slow growth, and spheroid formation. On the other hand, NCC-ASPS1-C1 did not show the capability of invasion. We screened the antiproliferative effects of 195 anticancer agents, including Food and Drug Administration-approved anticancer drugs. We found that the MET inhibitor tivantinib and multi-kinase inhibitor orantinib inhibited the proliferation of NCC-ASPS1-C1 cells. The clinical utility and molecular mechanisms of antitumor effects of these drugs are worth investigating in the further studies, and NCC-ASPS1-C1 cells will be a useful tool for the in vitro study of alveolar soft-part sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshimatsu
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Rei Noguchi
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuto Tsuchiya
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akane Sei
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Sugaya
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Suguru Fukushima
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnosis Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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Hattinger CM, Patrizio MP, Luppi S, Serra M. Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics in Osteosarcoma: Translational Studies and Clinical Impact. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4659. [PMID: 32629971 PMCID: PMC7369799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade osteosarcoma (HGOS) is a very aggressive bone tumor which primarily affects adolescents and young adults. Although not advanced as is the case for other cancers, pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic studies applied to HGOS have been providing hope for an improved understanding of the biology and the identification of genetic biomarkers, which may impact on clinical care management. Recent developments of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics in HGOS are expected to: i) highlight genetic events that trigger oncogenesis or which may act as drivers of disease; ii) validate research models that best predict clinical behavior; and iii) indicate genetic biomarkers associated with clinical outcome (in terms of treatment response, survival probability and susceptibility to chemotherapy-related toxicities). The generated body of information may be translated to clinical settings, in order to improve both effectiveness and safety of conventional chemotherapy trials as well as to indicate new tailored treatment strategies. Here, we review and summarize the current scientific evidence for each of the aforementioned issues in view of possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Massimo Serra
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.H.); (M.P.P.); (S.L.)
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45
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Current status and perspectives of patient-derived rare cancer models. Hum Cell 2020; 33:919-929. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zucchini C, Manara MC, Cristalli C, Carrabotta M, Greco S, Pinca RS, Ferrari C, Landuzzi L, Pasello M, Lollini PL, Gambarotti M, Donati DM, Scotlandi K. ROCK2 deprivation leads to the inhibition of tumor growth and metastatic potential in osteosarcoma cells through the modulation of YAP activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:503. [PMID: 31878963 PMCID: PMC6933701 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) remains a challenge for oncologists, and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. An understanding of the pathways that regulate OS dissemination is required for the design of novel treatment approaches. We recently identified Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) as a crucial driver of OS cell migration. In this study, we explored the impact of ROCK2 disruption on the metastatic capabilities of OS cells and analyzed its functional relationship with Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP), the main transcriptional mediator of mechanotransduction signaling. Methods The effects of ROCK2 depletion on metastasis were studied in NOD Scid gamma (NSG) mice injected with U-2OS cells in which ROCK2 expression had been stably silenced. Functional studies were performed in vitro in human U-2OS cells and in three novel cell lines derived from patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by using standard methods to evaluate malignancy parameters and signaling transduction. The nuclear immunostaining of YAP and the evaluation of its downstream targets Cysteine Rich Angiogenic Inducer 6, Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Cyclin D1 by quantitative PCR were performed to analyze YAP activity. The effect of the expression and activity of ROCK2 and YAP on tumor progression was analyzed in 175 OS primary tumors. Results The silencing of ROCK2 markedly reduced tumor growth and completely abolished the metastatic ability of U-2OS cells. The depletion of ROCK2, either by pharmacological inhibition or silencing, induced a dose- and time-dependent reduction in the nuclear expression and transcriptional activity of YAP. The nuclear expression of YAP was observed in 80/175 (46%) tumor samples and was significantly correlated with worse patient prognosis and a higher likelihood of metastasis and death. The use of verteporfin, a molecule that specifically inhibits the TEAD–YAP association, remarkably impaired the growth and migration of OS cells in vitro. Moreover to inhibiting YAP activity, our findings indicate that verteporfin also affects the ROCK2 protein and its functions. Conclusions We describe the functional connection between ROCK2 and YAP in the regulation of OS cell migration and metastasis formation. These data provide support for the use of verteporfin as a possible therapeutic option to prevent OS cell dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Zucchini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Cristalli
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Carrabotta
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Greco
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosa Simona Pinca
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Pasello
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Marco Gambarotti
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Clinica Ortopedica III, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,Department of DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
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Zhou ZF, Sun TW, Qin YH, Zhu YJ, Jiang YY, Zhang Y, Liu JJ, Wu J, He SS, Chen F. Selenium-doped hydroxyapatite biopapers with an anti-bone tumor effect by inducing apoptosis. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:5044-5053. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00953a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional Se-HA/chitosan biopapers constructed with self-assembled Se-doped HA nanowires and chitosan have been reported and display high performances in in vitro/vivo anti-tumor studies.
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