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Couto PS, Stibbs DJ, Rotondi MC, Takeuchi Y, Rafiq QA. Scalable manufacturing of gene-modified human mesenchymal stromal cells with microcarriers in spinner flasks. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5669-5685. [PMID: 37470820 PMCID: PMC10439856 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to their immunomodulatory properties and in vitro differentiation ability, human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) have been investigated in more than 1000 clinical trials over the last decade. Multiple studies that have explored the development of gene-modified hMSC-based products are now reaching early stages of clinical trial programmes. From an engineering perspective, the challenge lies in developing manufacturing methods capable of producing sufficient doses of ex vivo gene-modified hMSCs for clinical applications. This work demonstrates, for the first time, a scalable manufacturing process using a microcarrier-bioreactor system for the expansion of gene-modified hMSCs. Upon isolation, umbilical cord tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (UCT-hMSCs) were transduced using a lentiviral vector (LV) with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transgenes. The cells were then seeded in 100 mL spinner flasks using Spherecol microcarriers and expanded for seven days. After six days in culture, both non-transduced and transduced cell populations attained comparable maximum cell concentrations (≈1.8 × 105 cell/mL). Analysis of the culture supernatant identified that glucose was fully depleted after day five across the cell populations. Lactate concentrations observed throughout the culture reached a maximum of 7.5 mM on day seven. Immunophenotype analysis revealed that the transduction followed by an expansion step was not responsible for the downregulation of the cell surface receptors used to identify hMSCs. The levels of CD73, CD90, and CD105 expressing cells were above 90% for the non-transduced and transduced cells. In addition, the expression of negative markers (CD11b, CD19, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR) was also shown to be below 5%, which is aligned with the criteria established for hMSCs by the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT). This work provides a foundation for the scalable manufacturing of gene-modified hMSCs which will overcome a significant translational and commercial bottleneck. KEY POINTS: • hMSCs were successfully transduced by lentiviral vectors carrying two different transgenes: GFP and VEGF • Transduced hMSCs were successfully expanded on microcarriers using spinner flasks during a period of 7 days • The genetic modification step did not cause any detrimental impact on the hMSC immunophenotype characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Silva Couto
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Dale J. Stibbs
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Marco C. Rotondi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Yasuhiro Takeuchi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies, Scientific Research and Innovation, Medicines, and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, EN6 3QG UK
| | - Qasim A. Rafiq
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
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Barilani M, Lovejoy C, Piras R, Abramov AY, Lazzari L, Angelova PR. Age-related changes in the energy of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1753-1767. [PMID: 34791648 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a physiological process that leads to a higher risk for the most devastating diseases. There are a number of theories of human aging proposed, and many of them are directly or indirectly linked to mitochondria. Here, we used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from young and older donors to study age-related changes in mitochondrial metabolism. We have found that aging in MSCs is associated with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and lower NADH levels in mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA content is higher in aged MSCs, but the overall mitochondrial mass is decreased due to increased rates of mitophagy. Despite the higher level of ATP in aged cells, a higher rate of ATP consumption renders them more vulnerable to energy deprivation compared to younger cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism in aged MSCs activate the overproduction of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria which is compensated by a higher level of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione. Thus, energy metabolism and redox state are the drivers for the aging of MSCs/mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Barilani
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Christopher Lovejoy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Roberta Piras
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Plamena R Angelova
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Self-Organization Provides Cell Fate Commitment in MSC Sheet Condensed Areas via ROCK-Dependent Mechanism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091192. [PMID: 34572378 PMCID: PMC8470239 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are one of the crucial regulators of regeneration and tissue repair and possess an intrinsic program from self-organization mediated by condensation, migration and self-patterning. The ability to self-organize has been successfully exploited in tissue engineering approaches using cell sheets (CS) and their modifications. In this study, we used CS as a model of human MSC spontaneous self-organization to demonstrate its structural, transcriptomic impact and multipotent stromal cell commitment. We used CS formation to visualize MSC self-organization and evaluated the role of the Rho-GTPase pathway in spontaneous condensation, resulting in a significant anisotropy of the cell density within the construct. Differentiation assays were carried out using conventional protocols, and microdissection and RNA-sequencing were applied to establish putative targets behind the observed phenomena. The differentiation of MSC to bone and cartilage, but not to adipocytes in CS, occurred more effectively than in the monolayer. RNA-sequencing indicated transcriptional shifts involving the activation of the Rho-GTPase pathway and repression of SREBP, which was concordant with the lack of adipogenesis in CS. Eventually, we used an inhibitory analysis to validate our findings and suggested a model where the self-organization of MSC defined their commitment and cell fate via ROCK1/2 and SREBP as major effectors under the putative switching control of AMP kinase.
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Brennan MÁ, Barilani M, Rusconi F, de Lima J, Vidal L, Lavazza C, Lazzari L, Giordano R, Layrolle P. Chondrogenic and BMP-4 primings confer osteogenesis potential to human cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells delivered with biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6751. [PMID: 33762629 PMCID: PMC7991626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) show great promise for bone repair, however they are isolated by an invasive bone marrow harvest and their regenerative potential decreases with age. Conversely, cord blood can be collected non-invasively after birth and contains MSCs (CBMSCs) that can be stored for future use. However, whether CBMSCs can replace BMSCs targeting bone repair is unknown. This study evaluates the in vitro osteogenic potential of unprimed, osteogenically primed, or chondrogenically primed CBMSCs and BMSCs and their in vivo bone forming capacity following ectopic implantation on biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics in nude mice. In vitro, alkaline phosphatase (intracellular, extracellular, and gene expression), and secretion of osteogenic cytokines (osteoprotegerin and osteocalcin) was significantly higher in BMSCs compared with CBMSCs, while CBMSCs demonstrated superior chondrogenic differentiation and secretion of interleukins IL-6 and IL-8. BMSCs yielded significantly more cell engraftment and ectopic bone formation compared to CBMSCs. However, priming of CBMSCs with either chondrogenic or BMP-4 supplements led to bone formation by CBMSCs. This study is the first direct quantification of the bone forming abilities of BMSCs and CBMSCs in vivo and, while revealing the innate superiority of BMSCs for bone repair, it provides avenues to induce osteogenesis by CBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meadhbh Á Brennan
- Inserm, UMR 1238, PHY-OS Laboratory, Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.,National University of Ireland (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Mario Barilani
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Rusconi
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Julien de Lima
- Inserm, UMR 1238, PHY-OS Laboratory, Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Luciano Vidal
- Inserm, UMR 1238, PHY-OS Laboratory, Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.,Rapid Manufacturing Platform, GEM Laboratory, Centrale Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Cristiana Lavazza
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Giordano
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- Inserm, UMR 1238, PHY-OS Laboratory, Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.
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Marcoccia R, Nesci S, Merlo B, Ballotta G, Algieri C, Pagliarani A, Iacono E. Biological characteristics and metabolic profile of canine mesenchymal stem cells isolated from adipose tissue and umbilical cord matrix. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247567. [PMID: 33661930 PMCID: PMC7932077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing demand of cellular therapies for dogs, little is known on the differences between adult and fetal adnexa canine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and data on their metabolic features are lacking. The present study aimed at comparing the characteristics of canine adipose tissue (AT) and umbilical cord matrix (UC) MSCs. Moreover, for the first time in the dog, the cellular bioenergetics were investigated by evaluating the two main metabolic pathways (oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis) of ATP production. Frozen-thawed samples were used for this study. No differences in mean cell proliferation were found (P>0.05). However, while AT-MSCs showed a progressive increase in doubling time over passages, UC-MSCs showed an initial post freezing-thawing latency. No differences in migration, spheroid formation ability, and differentiation potential were found (P>0.05). RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of CD90 and CD44, the lack of CD14 and weak expression of CD34, mostly by AT-MSCs. DLA-DRA1 and DLA-DQA1 were weakly expressed only at passage 0 by UC-MSCs, while they were expressed at different passages for AT-MSCs. There was no difference (P>0.05) in total ATP production between cell cultures, but the ratio between the “mitochondrial ATP Production Rate” and the “glycolytic ATP Production Rate” was higher (P<0.05) in AT- than in UC-MSCs. However, in both MSCs types the mitochondrial respiration was the main pathway of ATP production. Mitochondrial respiration and ATP turnover in UC-MSCs were higher (P<0.05) than in AT-MSCs, but both had a 100% coupling efficiency. These features and the possibility of increasing the oxygen consumption by a spare respiratory capacity of four (AT-MSCSs) and two (UC-MSCs) order of magnitude greater than basal respiration, can be taken as indicative of the cell propensity to differentiate. The findings may efficiently contribute to select the most appropriate MSCs, culture and experimental conditions for transplantation experiments in mesenchymal stem cell therapy for companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Marcoccia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Merlo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giulia Ballotta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Iacono
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Jeske R, Lewis S, Tsai AC, Sanders K, Liu C, Yuan X, Li Y. Agitation in a Microcarrier-based Spinner Flask Bioreactor Modulates Homeostasis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biochem Eng J 2021; 168. [PMID: 33967591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.107947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are well known in cell therapy due to their secretion of trophic factors, multipotent differentiation potential, and ability for self-renewal. As a result, the number of clinical trials has been steadily increasing over the last decade highlighting the need for in vitro systems capable of producing large quantities of cells to meet growing demands. However, hMSCs are highly sensitive to microenvironment conditions, including shear stress caused by dynamic bioreactor systems, and can lead to alteration of cellular homeostasis. In this study, hMSCs were expanded on microcarriers within a 125 mL spinner flask bioreactor system. Our results demonstrate a three-fold expansion over seven days. Furthermore, our results show that culturing hMSCs in the microcarrier-based suspension bioreactor (compared to static planar culture) results in smaller cell size and higher levels of reactive oxidative species (ROS) and ROS regulator Sirtuin-3, which have implications on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic pathway and metabolic homeostasis. In addition, hMSCs in the bioreactor showed the increased Prostaglandin E2 secretion as well as reduced the Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase secretion upon stimulus with interferon gamma. The results of this study provide understanding of potential hMSC physiology alterations impacted by bioreactor microenvironment during scalable production of hMSCs for biomanufacturing and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Shaquille Lewis
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Ang-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Kevin Sanders
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States.,The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
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Barilani M, Cherubini A, Peli V, Polveraccio F, Bollati V, Guffanti F, Del Gobbo A, Lavazza C, Giovanelli S, Elvassore N, Lazzari L. A circular RNA map for human induced pluripotent stem cells of foetal origin. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102848. [PMID: 32574961 PMCID: PMC7322262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult skin fibroblasts represent the most common starting cell type used to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (F-hiPSC) for clinical studies. Yet, a foetal source would offer unique advantages, primarily the absence of accumulated somatic mutations. Herein, we generated hiPSC from cord blood multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC-hiPSC) and compared them with F-hiPSC. Assessment of the full activation of the pluripotency gene regulatory network (PGRN) focused on circular RNA (circRNA), recently proposed to participate in the control of pluripotency. METHODS Reprogramming was achieved by a footprint-free strategy. Self-renewal and pluripotency of cord blood MSC-hiPSC were investigated in vitro and in vivo, compared to parental MSC, to embryonic stem cells and to F-hiPSC. High-throughput array-based approaches and bioinformatics analyses were applied to address the PGRN. FINDINGS Cord blood MSC-hiPSC successfully acquired a complete pluripotent identity. Functional comparison with F-hiPSC showed no differences in terms of i) generation of mesenchymal-like derivatives, ii) their subsequent adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic commitment, and iii) their hematopoietic support ability. At the transcriptional level, specific subsets of mRNA, miRNA and circRNA (n = 4,429) were evidenced, casting a further layer of complexity on the PGRN regulatory crosstalk. INTERPRETATION A circRNA map of transcripts associated to naïve and primed pluripotency is provided for hiPSC of clinical-grade foetal origin, offering insights on still unreported regulatory circuits of the PGRN to consider for the optimization and development of efficient differentiation protocols for clinical translation. FUNDING This research was funded by Ricerca Corrente 2012-2018 by the Italian Ministry of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Barilani
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy; EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cherubini
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Peli
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Polveraccio
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy; Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Del Gobbo
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Lavazza
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Giovanelli
- Milano Cord Blood Bank, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy; Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy.
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are among of the most studied cell type for cellular therapy thanks to the ease of isolation, cultivation, and the high
ex vivo expansion potential. In 2018, the European Medicines Agency finally granted the first marketing authorization for an MSC product. Despite the numerous promising results in preclinical studies, translation into routine practice still lags behind: therapeutic benefits of MSCs are not as satisfactory in clinical trial settings as they appear to be in preclinical models. The bench-to-bedside-and-back approach and careful evaluation of discrepancies between preclinical and clinical results have provided valuable insights into critical components of MSC manufacturing, their mechanisms of action, and how to evaluate and quality-control them. We sum up these past developments in the introductory section (“Mesenchymal stromal cells: name follows function”). From the huge amount of information, we then selected a few examples to illustrate challenges and opportunities to improve MSCs for clinical purposes. These include tissue origin of MSCs, MSC culture conditions, immune compatibility, and route of application and dosing. Finally, we add some information on MSC mechanisms of action and translation into potency assays and give an outlook on future perspectives raising the question of whether the future clinical product may be cell-based or cell-derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Rendra
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Eleonora Scaccia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.,FlowCore Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
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Barilani M, Peli V, Cherubini A, Dossena M, Dolo V, Lazzari L. NG2 as an Identity and Quality Marker of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121524. [PMID: 31783568 PMCID: PMC6953102 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) extracellular vesicles (EV) is currently under investigation in many pathological contexts. Both adult and perinatal MSC are being considered as sources of EV. Herein, we address antigen expression of cord blood and bone marrow MSC and released EV to define an identity and quality parameter of MSC EV as a medicinal product in the context of clinical applications. The research focuses on EV-shuttled neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2), which has previously been detected as a promising surface marker to distinguish perinatal versus adult MSC. Indeed, NG2 was significantly more abundant in cord blood than bone marrow MSC and MSC EV. Ultracentrifuge-isolated EV were then challenged for their pro-angiogenic properties on an xCELLigence system as quality control. NG2+ cord blood MSC EV, but not bone marrow MSC EV, promote bFGF and PDGF-AA proliferative effect on endothelial cells. Likewise, they successfully rescue angiostatin-induced endothelial cell growth arrest. In both cases, the effects are NG2-dependent. These results point at NG2 as an identity and quality parameter for cord blood MSC EV, paving the way for their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Barilani
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine–Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano (MI), Italy; (M.B.); (V.P.); (A.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Valeria Peli
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine–Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano (MI), Italy; (M.B.); (V.P.); (A.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Alessandro Cherubini
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine–Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano (MI), Italy; (M.B.); (V.P.); (A.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Marta Dossena
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine–Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano (MI), Italy; (M.B.); (V.P.); (A.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine–Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano (MI), Italy; (M.B.); (V.P.); (A.C.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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